Chapter_13Corporate Financing and the Six Lessons of Market Efficiency(公司金融,英文版)

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Chapter_14An Overview of Corporate Financing(公司金融,英文版)

Principles of Corporate Finance
Seventh Edition
Chapter 14
An Overview of Corporate Financing
Richard A. Brealey Stewart C. Myers
Slides by Matthew Will
McGraw Hill/Irwin
McGraw Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
14- 13
Corporate Debt
TABLE 14-5 Large firms issue many different securities. This table shows some of the debt securities on Heinz's balance sheet in May 2000.
14- 11
Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock - Stock that takes priority over common stock in regards to dividends. Net Worth - Book value of common shareholder’s equity plus preferred stock. Floating-Rate Preferred - Preferred stock paying dividends that vary with short term interest rates.
McGraw Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

公司理财-chapter-13课件

Chapter 13
Introduction to corporate financing and governance
公司理财-chapter-13
1
Objectives
1. Explain why managers should assume that the securities they issue are fairly priced
also called capital surplus
• Retained earnings: earnings not paid out as dividends
公司理财-chapter-13
9
Ownership of the corporation
A corporation is owned by its common stockholders
• Outstanding shares: shares that have been issued by the company and are held by
investors
• Authorized share capital: maximum number of shares that the company is permitted
公司理财-chapter-13
10
Voting procedures
• Majority voting: voting system in which each director is voted on separately
• Cumulative voting: voting system in which all votes that one shareholder is allowed

新编金融英语教程ChapterCommercialBanks

05
Supervision and Regulations of Commercial Banks
Trust business
Manage assets and handle affairs on behalf of clients, and charge a certain handling fee.
Agency business
Handling various financial services on behalf of clients, such as agency collection and payment, agency insurance, etc.
Credit risk: refers to the possibility that the borrower or debtor, due to various reasons, fails to fulfill their obligations as stipulated in the contract, resulting in losses for creditors or investors.
Operational risk refers to the risk caused by internal processes, personnel, systems, and other issues, such as internal fraud, errors, process defects, etc.
Credit intermediary: absorbs deposits, issues loans, and plays a role in transferring risks and financing funds.

英文版罗斯公司理财习题答案Chap013

CHAPTER 13CORPORATE FINANCING DECISIONS AND EFFICIENT CAPITAL MARKETS Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions1.To create value, firms should accept financing proposals with positive net present values. Firms cancreate valuable financing opportunities in three ways: 1) Fool investors. A firm can issue a complex security to receive more than the fair market value. Financial managers attempt to package securities to receive the greatest value. 2) Reduce costs or increase subsidies. A firm can package securities to reduce taxes. Such a security will increase the value of the firm. In addition, financing techniques involve many costs, such as accountants, lawyers, and investment bankers. Packaging securities in a way to reduce these costs will also increase the value of the firm. 3) Create a new security. A previously unsatisfied investor may pay extra for a specialized security catering to his or her needs.Corporations gain from developing unique securities by issuing these securities at premium prices.2.The three forms of the efficient markets hypothesis are: 1) Weak form. Market prices reflectinformation contained in historical prices. Investors are unable to earn abnormal returns using historical prices to predict future price movements. 2) Semi-strong form. In addition to historical data, market prices reflect all publicly-available information. Investors with insider, or private information, are able to earn abnormal returns. 3) Strong form. Market prices reflect all information, public or private. Investors are unable to earn abnormal returns using insider information or historical prices to predict future price movements.3. a.False. Market efficiency implies that prices reflect all available information, but it does notimply certain knowledge. Many pieces of information that are available and reflected in prices are fairly uncertain. Efficiency of markets does not eliminate that uncertainty and therefore does not imply perfect forecasting ability.b.True. Market efficiency exists when prices reflect all available information. To be efficient inthe weak form, the market must incorporate all historical data into prices. Under the semi-strong form of the hypothesis, the market incorporates all publicly-available information in addition to the historical data. In strong form efficient markets, prices reflect all publicly and privately available information.c.False. Market efficiency implies that market participants are rational. Rational people willimmediately act upon new information and will bid prices up or down to reflect that information.d. False. In efficient markets, prices reflect all available information. Thus, prices will fluctuatewhenever new information becomes available.e.True. Competition among investors results in the rapid transmission of new market information.In efficient markets, prices immediately reflect new information as investors bid the stock price up or down.B-2 SOLUTIONS4.On average, the only return that is earned is the required return—investors buy assets with returns inexcess of the required return (positive NPV), bidding up the price and thus causing the return to fall to the required return (zero NPV); investors sell assets with returns less than the required return (negative NPV), driving the price lower and thus causing the return to rise to the required return (zero NPV).5.The market is not weak form efficient.6.Yes, historical information is also public information; weak form efficiency is a subset of semi-strong form efficiency.7.Ignoring trading costs, on average, such investors merely earn what the market offers; the trades allhave zero NPV. If trading costs exist, then these investors lose by the amount of the costs.8.Unlike gambling, the stock market is a positive sum game; everybody can win. Also, speculatorsprovide liquidity to markets and thus help to promote efficiency.9.The EMH only says, within the bounds of increasingly strong assumptions about the informationprocessing of investors, that assets are fairly priced. An implication of this is that, on average, the typical market participant cannot earn excessive profits from a particular trading strategy. However, that does not mean that a few particular investors cannot outperform the market over a particular investment horizon. Certain investors who do well for a period of time get a lot of attention from the financial press, but the scores of investors who do not do well over the same period of time generally get considerably less attention from the financial press.10. a.If the market is not weak form efficient, then this information could be acted on and a profitearned from following the price trend. Under (2), (3), and (4), this information is fully impounded in the current price and no abnormal profit opportunity exists.b. Under (2), if the market is not semi-strong form efficient, then this information could be usedto buy the stock ―cheap‖ before the rest of the market discovers the financial statement anomaly. Since (2) is stronger than (1), both imply that a profit opportunity exists; under (3) and (4), this information is fully impounded in the current price and no profit opportunity exists.c.Under (3), if the market is not strong form efficient, then this information could be used as aprofitable trading strategy, by noting the buying activity of the insiders as a signal that the stock is underpriced or that good news is imminent. Since (1) and (2) are weaker than (3), all three imply that a profit opportunity exists. Under (4), this information does not signal any profit opportunity for traders; any pertinent information the manager-insiders may have is fully reflected in the current share price.11. A technical analyst would argue that the market is not efficient. Since a technical analyst examinespast prices, the market cannot be weak form efficient for technical analysis to work. If the market is not weak form efficient, it cannot be efficient under stronger assumptions about the information available.CHAPTER 13 B-3 12.Investor sentiment captures the mood of the investing public. If investors are bearish in general, itmay be that the market is headed down in the future since investors are less likely to invest. If the sentiment is bullish, it would be taken as a positive signal to the market. To use investor sentiment in technical analysis, you would probably want to construct a ratio such as a bulls/bears ratio. To use the ratio, simply compare the historical ratio to the market to determine if a certain level on the ratio indicates a market upturn or downturn.13.Taken at face value, this fact suggests that markets have become more efficient. The increasing easewith which information is available over the internet lends strength to this conclusion. On the other hand, during this particular period, large-capitalization growth stocks were the top performers.Value-weighted indexes such as the S&P 500 are naturally concentrated in such stocks, thus making them especially hard to beat during this period. So, it may be that the dismal record compiled by the pros is just a matter of bad luck or benchmark error.14.It is likely the market has a better estimate of the stock price, assuming it is semistrong formefficient. However, semistrong form efficiency only states that you cannot easily profit from publicly available information. If financial statements are not available, the market can still price stocks based upon the available public information, limited though it may be. Therefore, it may have been as difficult to examine the limited public information and make an extra return.15. a.Aerotech’s stock price should rise immediately after the announcement of the positive news.b. Only scenario (ii) indicates market efficiency. In that case, the price of the stock risesimmediately to the level that reflects the new information, eliminating all possibility of abnormal returns. In the other two scenarios, there are periods of time during which an investor could trade on the information and earn abnormal returns.16. False. The stock price would h ave adjusted before the founder’s death only if investors had perfectforecasting ability. The 12.5 percent increase in the stock price after the founder’s death indicates that either the market did not anticipate the death or that the market had anticipated it imperfectly.However, the market reacted immediately to the new information, implying efficiency. It is interesting that the stock price rose after the announcement of the founder’s death.This price behavior indicates that the market felt he was a liability to the firm.17.The announcement should not deter investors from buying UPC’s stock. If the market is semi-strongform efficient, the stock price will have already reflected the present value of the payments that UPC must make. The expected return after the announcement should still be equal to the expected return before the announcement. UPC’s current stockholders bear the burden of the loss, since the stock price falls on the announcement. After the announcement, the expected return moves back to its original level.18.The market is generally considered to be efficient up to the semi-strong form. Therefore, nosystematic profit can be made by trading on publicly-available information. Although illegal, the lead engineer of the device can pr ofit from purchasing the firm’s stock before the news release on the implementation of the new technology. The price should immediately and fully adjust to the new information in the article. Thus, no abnormal return can be expected from purchasing after the publication of the article.B-4 SOLUTIONS19.Under the semi-strong form of market efficiency, the stock price should stay the same. Theaccounting system changes are publicly available information. Investors would identify no changes in either the firm’s current or its future cash flows. Thus, the stock price will not change after the announcement of increased earnings.20.Because the number of subscribers has increased dramatically, the time it takes for information inthe newsletter to be reflected in prices has shortened. With shorter adjustment periods, it becomes impossible to earn abnormal returns with the information provided by Durkin. If Durkin is using only publicly-available information in its newsletter, its ability to pick stocks is inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis. Under the semi-strong form of market efficiency, all publicly-available information should be reflected in stock prices. The use of private information for trading purposes is illegal.21.You should not agree with your broker. The performance ratings of the small manufacturing firmswere published and became public information. Prices should adjust immediately to the information, thus preventing future abnormal returns.22. Stock prices should immediately and fully rise to reflect the announcement. Thus, one cannot expectabnormal returns following the announcement.23. a.No. Earnings information is in the public domain and reflected in the current stock price.b. Possibly. If the rumors were publicly disseminated, the prices would have already adjusted forthe possibility of a merger. If the rumor is information that you received from an insider, you could earn excess returns, although trading on that information is illegal.c. No. The information is already public, and thus, already reflected in the stock price.24. Serial correlation occurs when the current value of a variable is related to the future value of thevariable. If the market is efficient, the information about the serial correlation in the macroeconomic variable and its relationship to net earnings should already be reflected in the stock price. In other words, although there is serial correlation in the variable, there will not be serial correlation in stock returns. Therefore, knowledge of the correlation in the macroeconomic variable will not lead to abnormal returns for investors.25. The statement is false because every investor has a different risk preference. Although the expectedreturn from every well-diversified portfolio is the same after adjusting for risk, investors still need to choose funds that are consistent with their particular risk level.26. The share price will decrease immediately to reflect the new information.At the time of theannouncement, the price of the stock should immediately decrease to reflect the negative information.CHAPTER 13 B-5 27. In an efficient market, the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) for Prospectors would risesubstantially at the announcement of a new discovery. The CAR falls slightly on any day when no discovery is announced. There is a small positive probability that there will be a discovery on any given day. If there is no discovery on a particular day, the price should fall slightly because the good event did not occur. The substantial price increases on the rare days of discovery should balance the small declines on the other days, leaving CARs that are horizontal over time. The substantial price increases on the rare days of discovery should balance the small declines on all the other days, leavings CARs that are horizontal over time.28.Behavioral finance attempts to explain both the 1987 stock market crash and the Internet bubble bychanges in investor sentiment and psychology. These changes can lead to non-random price behavior.Solutions to Questions and ProblemsNOTE: All end-of-chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and readability constraints, when these intermediate steps are included in this solutions manual, rounding may appear to have occurred. However, the final answer for each problem is found without rounding during any step in the problem.Basic1.To find the cumulative abnormal returns, we c hart the abnormal returns for each of the three airlinesfor the days preceding and following the announcement. The abnormal return is calculated by subtracting the market return from a stock’s return on a particular day, R i– R M. Group the returns by the number of days before or after the announcement for each respective airline. Calculate the cumulative average abnormal return by adding each abnormal return to the previous day’s abnormal return.Abnormal returns (R i– R M)Days fromannouncement Delta United American SumAverageabnormal returnCumulativeaverage residual–3 0.2 –0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 –0.1 –2 0.2 –0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –1 0.2 0.2 –0.4 0.0 0.0 –0.10 3.3 0.2 1.9 5.4 1.8 1.71 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 1.82 –0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.83 –0.2 0.1 –0.2 –0.3 –0.1 1.74 –0.1 –0.1 –0.1 –0.3 –0.1 1.6B-6 SOLUTIONSThe market reacts favorably to the announcements. Moreover, the market reacts only on the day of the announcement. Before and after the event, the cumulative abnormal returns are relatively flat.This behavior is consistent with market efficiency.2. The diagram does not support the efficient markets hypothesis. The CAR should remain relativelyflat following the announcements. The diagram reveals that the CAR rose in the first month, only to drift down to lower levels during later months. Such movement violates the semi-strong form of the efficient markets hypothesis because an investor could earn abnormal profits while the stock price gradually decreased.3. a.Supports. The CAR remained constant after the event at time 0. This result is consistent withmarket efficiency, because prices adjust immediately to reflect the new information. Drops in CAR prior to an event can easily occur in an efficient capital market. For example, consider a sample of forced removals of the CEO. Since any CEO is more likely to be fired following bad rather than good stock performance, CARs are likely to be negative prior to removal. Because the firing of the CEO is announced at time 0, one cannot use this information to trade profitably before the announcement. Thus, price drops prior to an event are neither consistent nor inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis.b. Rejects. Because the CAR increases after the event date, one can profit by buying after theevent. This possibility is inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis.c.Supports. The CAR does not fluctuate after the announcement at time 0. While the CAR wasrising before the event, insider information would be needed for profitable trading. Thus, the graph is consistent with the semi-strong form of efficient markets.CHAPTER 13 B-7d.Supports. The diagram indicates that the information announced at time 0 was of no value.There appears to be a slight drop in the CAR prior to the event day. Similar to part a, such movement is neither consistent nor inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH).Movements at the event date are neither consistent nor inconsistent with the efficient markets hypothesis.4. Once the verdict is reached, the diagram shows that the CAR continues to decline after the courtdecision, allowing investors to earn abnormal returns. The CAR should remain constant on average, even if an appeal is in progress, because no new information about the company is being revealed.Thus, the diagram is not consistent with the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH).。

《Corporate Finance (公司金融学)》课件 (13)

3. Create a New Security
• Sometimes a firm can find a previously-unsatisfied clientele and issue new securities at favorable prices.
• In the long-run, this value creation is relatively small, however.
past prices
Some Common Misconceptions
• Much of the criticism of the EMH has been based on a misunderstanding of the hypothesis says and does not say.
Stock Price
Sell Sell
Buy Buy
If it were possible to make big money simply by finding “the pattern” in the stock price movements, everyone would do it and the profits would be competed away.
13.1 Can Financing Decisions Create Value? 13.2 A Description of Efficient Capital Markets 13.3 The Different Types of Efficiency 13.4 The Evidence 13.5 Implications for Corporate Finance 13.6 Summary and Conclusions

公司理财Corporate_Finance_第九版_CASE答案(完整资料).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】Case SolutionsFundamentals of Corporate FinanceRoss, Westerfield, and Jordan9th editionCHAPTER 1THE McGEE CAKE COMPANY1.The advantages to a LLC are: 1) Reduction of personal liability. A soleproprietor has unlimited liability, which can include the potential loss of all personal assets. 2) Taxes. Forming an LLC may mean that more expenses can be considered business expenses and be deducted from the company’s income. 3) Improved credibility. The business may have increased credibility in the business world compared to a sole proprietorship. 4) Ability to attract investment. Corporations, even LLCs, can raise capital through the sale of equity. 5) Continuous life. Sole proprietorships have a limited life, while corporations have a potentially perpetual life. 6) Transfer of ownership. It is easier to transfer ownership in a corporation through the sale of stock.The biggest disadvantage is the potential cost, although the cost of forminga LLC can be relatively small. There are also other potential costs, includingmore expansive record-keeping.2.Forming a corporation has the same advantages as forming a LLC, but thecosts are likely to be higher.3.As a small company, changing to a LLC is probably the most advantageousdecision at the current time. If the company grows, and Doc and Lyn are willing to sell more equity ownership, the company can reorganize as a corporation at a later date. Additionally, forming a LLC is likely to be less expensive than forming a corporation.CHAPTER 2CASH FLOWS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AT SUNSET BOARDS Below are the financial statements that you are asked to prepare.1.The income statement for each year will look like this:Income statement2008 2009Sales $247,259 $301,392Cost of goods sold 126,038 159,143Selling & administrative 24,787 32,352Depreciation 35,581 40,217EBIT $60,853 $69,680Interest 7,735 8,866EBT $53,118 $60,814Taxes 10,624 12,163Net income $42,494 $48,651Dividends $21,247 $24,326Addition to retainedearnings 21,247 24,3262.The balance sheet for each year will be:Balance sheet as of Dec. 31, 2008C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSCash $18,187 Accounts payable $32,143 Accountsreceivable 12,887 Notes payable 14,651 Inventory 27,119 Current liabilities $46,794 Current assets $58,193Long-term debt $79,235 Net fixed assets $156,975 Owners' equity 89,139Total assets $215,168 Total liab. &equity $215,168In the first year, equity is not given. Therefore, we must calculate equity as a plug variable. Since total liabilities & equity is equal to total assets, equity can be calculated as:Equity = $215,168 – 46,794 – 79,235Equity = $89,139CHAPTER 2 C-5Balance sheet as of Dec. 31, 2009Cash $27,478 Accounts payable $36,404 Accountsreceivable 16,717 Notes payable 15,997 Inventory 37,216 Current liabilities $52,401 Current assets $81,411Long-term debt $91,195 Net fixed assets $191,250 Owners' equity 129,065Total assets $272,661 Total liab. &equity $272,661The owner’s equity for 2009 is the beginning of year owner’s equity, plus the addition to retained earnings, plus the new equity, so:Equity = $89,139 + 24,326 + 15,600Equity = $129,065ing the OCF equation:OCF = EBIT + Depreciation – TaxesThe OCF for each year is:OCF2008 = $60,853 + 35,581 – 10,624OCF2008 = $85,180OCF2009 = $69,680 + 40,217 – 12,163OCF2009 = $97,734C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS4.To calculate the cash flow from assets, we need to find the capital spendingand change in net working capital. The capital spending for the year was: Capital spendingEnding net fixed assets $191,250– Beginning net fixedassets 156,975+ Depreciation 40,217Net capital spending $74,492And the change in net working capital was:Change in net working capitalEnding NWC $29,010– Beginning NWC 11,399Change in NWC $17,611CHAPTER 2 C-5 So, the cash flow from assets was:Cash flow from assetsOperating cash flow $97,734– Net capital spending 74,492– Change in NWC 17,611Cash flow from assets $ 5,6315.The cash flow to creditors was:Cash flow to creditorsInterest paid $8,866– Net new borrowing 11,960Cash flow to creditors –$3,0946.The cash flow to stockholders was:Cash flow tostockholdersDividends paid $24,326– Net new equityraised 15,600Cash flow tostockholders $8,726Answers to questions1.The firm had positive earnings in an accounting sense (NI > 0) and hadpositive cash flow from operations. The firm invested $17,611 in new netC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSworking capital and $74,492 in new fixed assets. The firm gave $5,631 to its stakeholders. It raised $3,094 from bondholders, and paid $8,726 to stockholders.2.The expansion plans may be a little risky. The company does have a positivecash flow, but a large portion of the operating cash flow is already going to capital spending. The company has had to raise capital from creditors and stockholders for its current operations. So, the expansion plans may be too aggressive at this time. On the other hand, companies do need capital to grow. Before investing or loaning the company money, you would want to know where the current capital spending is going, and why the company is spending so much in this area already.CHAPTER 3RATIOS ANALYSIS AT S&S AIR1.The calculations for the ratios listed are:Current ratio = $2,186,520 / $2,919,000Current ratio = 0.75 timesQuick ratio = ($2,186,250 – 1,037,120) / $2,919,000Quick ratio = 0.39 timesCash ratio = $441,000 / $2,919,000Cash ratio = 0.15 timesTotal asset turnover = $30,499,420 / $18,308,920Total asset turnover = 1.67 timesInventory turnover = $22,224,580 / $1,037,120Inventory turnover = 21.43 timesReceivables turnover = $30,499,420 / $708,400Receivables turnover = 43.05 timesTotal debt ratio = ($18,308,920 – 10,069,920) / $18,308,920 Total debt ratio = 0.45 timesDebt-equity ratio = ($2,919,000 + 5,320,000) / $10,069,920C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSDebt-equity ratio = 0.82 timesEquity multiplier = $18,308,920 / $10,069,920Equity multiplier = 1.82 timesTimes interest earned = $3,040,660 / $478,240Times interest earned = 6.36 timesCash coverage = ($3,040,660 + 1,366,680) / $478,420 Cash coverage = 9.22 timesProfit margin = $1,537,452 / $30,499,420Profit margin = 5.04%Return on assets = $1,537,452 / $18,308,920Return on assets = 8.40%Return on equity = $1,537,452 / $10,069,920Return on equity = 15.27%CHAPTER 3 C-11 2. Boeing is probably not a good aspirant company. Even though bothcompanies manufacture airplanes, S&S Air manufactures small airplanes, while Boeing manufactures large, commercial aircraft. These are two different markets. Additionally, Boeing is heavily involved in the defense industry, as well as Boeing Capital, which finances airplanes.Bombardier is a Canadian company that builds business jets, short-range airliners and fire-fighting amphibious aircraft and also provides defense-related services. It is the third largest commercial aircraft manufacturer in the world. Embraer is a Brazilian manufacturer than manufactures commercial, military, and corporate airplanes. Additionally, the Brazilian government is a part owner of the company. Bombardier and Embraer are probably not good aspirant companies because of the diverse range of products and manufacture of larger aircraft.Cirrus is the world's second largest manufacturer of single-engine, piston-powered aircraft. Its SR22 is the world's best selling plane in its class. The company is noted for its innovative small aircraft and is a good aspirant company.Cessna is a well known manufacturer of small airplanes. The company produces business jets, freight- and passenger-hauling utility Caravans, personal and small-business single engine pistons. It may be a good aspirant company, however, its products could be considered too broad and diversified since S&S Air produces only small personal airplanes.3. S&S is below the median industry ratios for the current and cash ratios.This implies the company has less liquidity than the industry in general.However, both ratios are above the lower quartile, so there are companiesC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSin the industry with lower liquidity ratios than S&S Air. The company may have more predictable cash flows, or more access to short-term borrowing.If you created an Inventory to Current liabilities ratio, S&S Air would havea ratio that is lower than the industry median. The current ratio is below theindustry median, while the quick ratio is above the industry median. This implies that S&S Air has less inventory to current liabilities than the industry median. S&S Air has less inventory than the industry median, but more accounts receivable than the industry since the cash ratio is lower than the industry median.The turnover ratios are all higher than the industry median; in fact, all three turnover ratios are above the upper quartile. This may mean that S&S Air is more efficient than the industry.The financial leverage ratios are all below the industry median, but above the lower quartile. S&S Air generally has less debt than comparable companies, but still within the normal range.The profit margin, ROA, and ROE are all slightly below the industry median, however, not dramatically lower. The company may want to examine its costs structure to determine if costs can be reduced, or price can be increased.Overall, S&S Air’s performance seems good, although the liquidity ratios indicate that a closer look may be needed in this area.CHAPTER 3 C-11 Below is a list of possible reasons it may be good or bad that each ratio is higher or lower than the industry. Note that the list is not exhaustive, but merely one possible explanation for each ratio.Ratio Good BadCurrent ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Quick ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Cash ratio Better at managingcurrent accounts. May be having liquidity problems.Total asset turnover Better at utilizing assets. Assets may be older anddepreciated, requiringextensive investmentsoon.Inventory turnover Better at inventorymanagement, possibly dueto better procedures.Could be experiencinginventory shortages.Receivables turnover Better at collectingreceivables.May have credit termsthat are too strict.Decreasing receivablesturnover may increasesales.Total debt ratio Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. Increasing the amount of debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Debt-equity Less debt than industry Increasing the amount ofC-26 CASE SOLUTIONSratio median means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Equity multiplier Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems.Increasing the amount ofdebt can increaseshareholder returns.Especially notice that itwill increase ROE.TIE Higher quality materialscould be increasing costs. The company may have more difficulty meeting interest payments in a downturn.Cash coverage Less debt than industrymedian means thecompany is less likely toexperience creditproblems. Increasing the amount of debt can increase shareholder returns. Especially notice that it will increase ROE.Profit margin The PM is slightly belowthe industry median. Itcould be a result of higherquality materials or bettermanufacturing. Company may be having trouble controlling costs.ROA Company may have newerassets than the industry. Company may have newer assets than the industry.ROE Lower profit margin maybe a result of higherquality. Profit margin and EM are lower than industry, which results in the lower ROE.CHAPTER 4PLANNING FOR GROWTH AT S&S AIR1.To calculate the internal growth rate, we first need to find the ROA and theretention ratio, so:ROA = NI / TAROA = $1,537,452 / $18,309,920ROA = .0840 or 8.40%b = Addition to RE / NIb = $977,452 / $1,537,452b = 0.64Now we can use the internal growth rate equation to get:Internal growth rate = (ROA × b) / [1 – (ROA × b)]Internal growth rate = [0.0840(.64)] / [1 – 0.0840(.64)]Internal growth rate = .0564 or 5.64%To find the sustainable growth rate, we need the ROE, which is:ROE = NI / TEROE = $1,537,452 / $10,069,920ROE = .1527 or 15.27%C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSUsing the retention ratio we previously calculated, the sustainable growth rate is:Sustainable growth rate = (ROE × b) / [1 – (ROE × b)]Sustainable growth rate = [0.1527(.64)] / [1 – 0.1527(.64)]Sustainable growth rate = .1075 or 10.75%The internal growth rate is the growth rate the company can achieve with no outside financing of any sort. The sustainable growth rate is the growth rate the company can achieve by raising outside debt based on its retained earnings and current capital structure.CHAPTER 4 C-21 2.Pro forma financial statements for next year at a 12 percent growth rate are:Income statementSales $ 34,159,35COGS 24,891,530 Other expenses 4,331,600 Depreciation 1,366,680EBIT $ 3,569,541Interest 478,240Taxable income $ 3,091,301Taxes (40%) 1,236,520Net income $ 1,854,78Dividends $ 675,583C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSAdd to RE 1,179,197Balance sheetAssets Liabilities & EquityCurrent Assets Current LiabilitiesCash $ 493,92AccountsPayable $ 995,680Accounts rec. 793,408 Notes Payable 2,030,000 Inventory 1,161,574 Total CL $ 3,025,680 Total CA $ 2,448,902Long-term debt $ 5,320,000ShareholderEquityCommon stock $ 350,000Fixed assets Retainedearnings 10,899,117Net PP&E $ 18,057,088 Total Equity $ 11,249,117Total Assets $ 20,505,990 Total L&E $ 19,594,787CHAPTER 4 C-21 So, the EFN is:EFN = Total assets – Total liabilities and equityEFN = $20,505,990 – 19,594,797EFN = $911,193The company can grow at this rate by changing the way it operates. For example, if profit margin increases, say by reducing costs, the ROE increases, it will increase the sustainable growth rate. In general, as long as the company increases the profit margin, total asset turnover, or equity multiplier, the higher growth rate is possible. Note however, that changing any one of these will have the effect of changing the pro forma financial statements.C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS3.Now we are assuming the company can only build in amounts of $5 million.We will assume that the company will go ahead with the fixed asset acquisition. To estimate the new depreciation charge, we will find the current depreciation as a percentage of fixed assets, then, apply this percentage to the new fixed assets. The depreciation as a percentage of assets this year was:Depreciation percentage = $1,366,680 / $16,122,400Depreciation percentage = .0848 or 8.48%The new level of fixed assets with the $5 million purchase will be:New fixed assets = $16,122,400 + 5,000,000 = $21,122,400So, the pro forma depreciation will be:Pro forma depreciation = .0848($21,122,400)Pro forma depreciation = $1,790,525We will use this amount in the pro forma income statement. So, the pro forma income statement will be:Income statementSales $ 34,159,35COGS 24,891,530 Other expensesCHAPTER 4 C-214,331,600Depreciation 1,790,525EBIT $ 3,145,696Interest 478,240Taxable income $ 2,667,456Taxes (40%) 1,066,982Net income $ 1,600,473Dividends $ 582,955Add to RE 1,017,519C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSThe pro forma balance sheet will remain the same except for the fixed asset and equity accounts. The fixed asset account will increase by $5 million, rather than the growth rate of sales.Balance sheetAssets Liabilities & EquityCurrent Assets Current LiabilitiesCash $ 493,92AccountsPayable $ 995,680Accounts rec. 793,408 Notes Payable 2,030,000 Inventory 1,161,574 Total CL $ 3,025,680 Total CA $ 2,448,902Long-term debt $ 5,320,000ShareholderEquityCommon stock $ 350,000Fixed assets Retainedearnings 10,737,439Net PP&E $ 21,122,400 Total Equity $ 11,087,439Total Assets $ 23,571,302 Total L&E $ 19,433,119CHAPTER 4 C-21 So, the EFN is:EFN = Total assets – Total liabilities and equityEFN = $23,581,302 – 19,433,119EFN = $4,138,184Since the fixed assets have increased at a faster percentage than sales, the capacity utilization for next year will decrease.CHAPTER 6THE MBA DECISION1. Age is obviously an important factor. The younger an individual is, the moretime there is for the (hopefully) increased salary to offset the cost of the decision to return to school for an MBA. The cost includes both the explicit costs such as tuition, as well as the opportunity cost of the lost salary.2. Perhaps the most important nonquantifiable factors would be whether ornot he is married and if he has any children. With a spouse and/or children, he may be less inclined to return for an MBA since his family may be less amenable to the time and money constraints imposed by classes. Other factors would include his willingness and desire to pursue an MBA, job satisfaction, and how important the prestige of a job is to him, regardless of the salary.3.He has three choices: remain at his current job, pursue a Wilton MBA, orpursue a Mt. Perry MBA. In this analysis, room and board costs are irrelevant since presumably they will be the same whether he attends college or keeps his current job. We need to find the aftertax value of each, so:Remain at current job:Aftertax salary = $55,000(1 – .26) = $40,700CHAPTER 6 C-27 His salary will grow at 3 percent per year, so the present value of his aftertax salary is:PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $40,700{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .03)]38} / (.065 – .03)PV = $836,227.34Wilton MBA:Costs:Total direct costs = $63,000 + 2,500 + 3,000 = $68,500PV of direct costs = $68,500 + 68,500 / (1.065) = $132,819.25PV of indirect costs (lost salary) = $40,700 / (1.065) + $40,700(1 + .03) / (1 + .065)2 = $75,176.00Salary:PV of aftertax bonus paid in 2 years = $15,000(1 –.31) / 1.0652= $9,125.17Aftertax salary = $98,000(1 – .31) = $67,620C-26 CASE SOLUTIONSHis salary will grow at 4 percent per year. We must also remember that he will now only work for 36 years, so the present value of his aftertax salary is: PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $67,620{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .04)]36} / (.065 – .04)PV = $1,554,663.22Since the first salary payment will be received three years from today, so we need to discount this for two years to find the value today, which will be: PV = $1,544,663.22 / 1.0652PV = $1,370,683.26So, the total value of a Wilton MBA is:Value = –$75,160 – 132,819.25 + 9,125.17 + 1,370,683.26 =$1,171,813.18Mount Perry MBA:Costs:Total direct costs = $78,000 + 3,500 + 3,000 = $86,500. Note, this is also the PV of the direct costs since they are all paid today.PV of indirect costs (lost salary) = $40,700 / (1.065) = $38,215.96Salary:CHAPTER 6 C-27 PV of aftertax bonus paid in 1 year = $10,000(1 – .29) / 1.065 = $6,666.67 Aftertax salary = $81,000(1 – .29) = $57,510His salary will grow at 3.5 percent per year. We must also remember that he will now only work for 37 years, so the present value of his aftertax salary is: PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]PV = $57,510{[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .035)]37} / (.065 – .035)PV = $1,250,991.81Since the first salary payment will be received two years from today, so we need to discount this for one year to find the value today, which will be:PV = $1,250,991.81 / 1.065PV = $1,174,640.20So, the total value of a Mount Perry MBA is:Value = –$86,500 – 38,215.96 + 6,666.67 + 1,174,640.20 = $1,056,590.90C-26 CASE SOLUTIONS4.He is somewhat correct. Calculating the future value of each decision willresult in the option with the highest present value having the highest future value. Thus, a future value analysis will result in the same decision. However, his statement that a future value analysis is the correct method is wrong since a present value analysis will give the correct answer as well.5. To find the salary offer he would need to make the Wilton MBA asfinancially attractive as the as the current job, we need to take the PV of his current job, add the costs of attending Wilton, and the PV of the bonus on an aftertax basis. So, the necessary PV to make the Wilton MBA the same as his current job will be:PV = $836,227.34 + 132,819.25 + 75,176.00 – 9,125.17 = $1,035,097.42This PV will make his current job exactly equal to the Wilton MBA on a financial basis. Since his salary will still be a growing annuity, the aftertax salary needed is:PV = C {1 – [(1 + g)/(1 + r)]t} / (r–g)]$1,035,097.42 = C {[1 – [(1 +.065)/(1 + .04)]36} / (.065 – .04)C = $45,021.51This is the aftertax salary. So, the pretax salary must be:Pretax salary = $45,021.51 / (1 – .31) = $65,248.576.The cost (interest rate) of the decision depends on the riskiness of the use offunds, not the source of the funds. Therefore, whether he can pay cash orCHAPTER 6 C-27 must borrow is irrelevant. This is an important concept which will be discussed further in capital budgeting and the cost of capital in later chapters.CHAPTER 7FINANCING S&S AIR’S EXPANSION PLANS WITH A BOND ISSUEA rule of thumb with bond provisions is to determine who benefits by theprovision. If the company benefits, the bond will have a higher coupon rate.If the bondholders benefit, the bond will have a lower coupon rate.1. A bond with collateral will have a lower coupon rate. Bondholders have theclaim on the collateral, even in bankruptcy. Collateral provides an asset that bondholders can claim, which lowers their risk in default. The downside of collateral is that the company generally cannot sell the asset used as collateral, and they will generally have to keep the asset in good working order.2.The more senior the bond is, the lower the coupon rate. Senior bonds getfull payment in bankruptcy proceedings before subordinated bonds receive any payment. A potential problem may arise in that the bond covenant may restrict the company from issuing any future bonds senior to the current bonds.3. A sinking fund will reduce the coupon rate because it is a partial guaranteeto bondholders. The problem with a sinking fund is that the company must make the interim payments into a sinking fund or face default. This means the company must be able to generate these cash flows.4. A provision with a specific call date and prices would increase the couponrate. The call provision would only be used when it is to the company’s advantage, thus the bondholder’s disadvantage. The downside is theCHAPTER 7 C-29 higher coupon rate. The company benefits by being able to refinance at a lower rate if interest rates fall significantly, that is, enough to offset the call provision cost.5. A deferred call would reduce the coupon rate relative to a call provision witha deferred call. The bond will still have a higher rate relative to a plain vanillabond. The deferred call means that the company cannot call the bond for a specified period. This offers the bondholders protection for this period. The disadvantage of a deferred call is that the company cannot call the bond during the call protection period. Interest rates could potentially fall to the point where it would be beneficial for the company to call the bond, yet the company is unable to do so.6. A make-whole call provision should lower the coupon rate in comparison toa call provision with specific dates since the make-whole call repays thebondholder the present value of the future cash flows. However, a make-whole call provision should not affect the coupon rate in comparison to a plain vanilla bond. Since the bondholders are made whole, they should be indifferent between a plain vanilla bond and a make-whole bond. If a bond with a make-whole provision is called, bondholders receive the market value of the bond, which they can reinvest in another bond with similar characteristics. If we compare this to a bond with a specific call price, investors rarely receive the full market value of the future cash flows.CASE 3 C-30 7. A positive covenant would reduce the coupon rate. The presence of positivecovenants protects bondholders by forcing the company to undertake actions that benefit bondholders. Examples of positive covenants would be: the company must maintain audited financial statements; the company must maintain a minimum specified level of working capital or a minimum specified current ratio; the company must maintain any collateral in good working order. The negative side of positive covenants is that the company is restricted in its actions. The positive covenant may force the company into actions in the future that it would rather not undertake.8. A negative covenant would reduce the coupon rate. The presence ofnegative covenants protects bondholders from actions by the company that would harm the bondholders. Remember, the goal of a corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth. This says nothing about bondholders.Examples of negative covenants would be: the company cannot increase dividends, or at least increase beyond a specified level; the company cannot issue new bonds senior to the current bond issue; the company cannot sell any collateral. The downside of negative covenants is the restriction of the company’s actions.9.Even though the company is not public, a conversion feature would likelylower the coupon rate. The conversion feature would permit bondholders to benefit if the company does well and also goes public. The downside is that the company may be selling equity at a discounted price.10. The downside of a floating-rate coupon is that if interest rates rise, thecompany has to pay a higher interest rate. However, if interest rates fall, the company pays a lower interest rate.CHAPTER 8STOCK VALUATION AT RAGAN, INC.1.The total dividends paid by the company were $126,000. Since there are100,000 shares outstanding, the total earnings for the company were: Total earnings = 100,000($4.54) = $454,000This means the payout ratio was:Payout ratio = $126,000/$454,000 = 0.28So, the retention ratio was:Retention ratio = 1 – .28 = 0.72Using the retention ratio, the company’s growth rate is:g = ROE × b = 0.25*(.72) = .1806 or 18.06%The dividend per share paid this year was:= $63,000 / 50,000D= $1.26DNow we can find the stock price, which is:C-84 CASE SOLUTIONSP 0 = D 1 / (R – g )P 0 = $1.26(1.1806) / (.20 – .1806)P 0 = $76.752.Since Expert HVAC had a write off which affected its earnings per share, we need to recalculate the industry EPS. So, the industry EPS is:Industry EPS = ($0.79 + 1.38 + 1.06) / 3 = $1.08Using this industry EPS, the industry payout ratio is:Industry payout ratio = $0.40/$1.08 = .3715 or 37.15%So, the industry retention ratio isIndustry retention ratio = 1 – .3715 = .6285 or 62.85%。

公司理财罗斯英文原书第九版第十三章

1. The risk-free rate, RF
2. The market risk premium, R M
Cov( Ri , RM ) σ i , M 2 3. The company beta, βi Var ( RM ) σM
13-5
RF
Example

Suppose the stock of Stansfield Enterprises, a publisher of PowerPoint presentations, has a beta of 2.5. The firm is 100% equity financed. Assume a risk-free rate of 5% and a market risk premium of 10%. What is the appropriate discount rate for an expansion of this firm?
13.5 Determinants of Beta 13.6 Dividend Discount Model 13.7 Cost of Capital for Divisions and Projects 13.8 Cost of Fixed Income Securities 13.9 The Weighted Average Cost of Capital 13.10 Flotation Costs and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital
13-4
The Cost of Equity Capital

From the firm’s perspective, the expected return is the Cost of Equity Capital:

Chapter 13 Accounting for Corporations

P2 Record transactions involving cash dividends, stock dividends, and stock splits. (p. 515)
P3 Record purchases and sales of treasury stock and the retirement of stock. (p. 522)
Kelly launched his business four years ago, which is a fullservice sustainable lawn care company dedicated to using clean electrical and biodiesel powered equipment. His equipment is charged by solar panels during the day and by wind power overnight. “I started [it] out of my garage mostly for fun,” says Kelly. “And business took off.”
A Look Ahead
Chapter 14 focuses on long-term liabilities. We explain how to value, record, amortize, and report these liabilities in financial statements.
Accounting for Corporations
Corporations
• Characteristics • Organization
and management • Stockholders • Stock basics

市场营销英文版Chapter-13Marketing-Channels-and-Supply-Chain-Management

13 - 17
How a Distributor Reduces the Number of Channel Transactions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
= Manufacturer
13 - 18
A. Number of contacts without a distributor MxC=3X3=9
13 - 2
Case Study
Caterpillar

Dominates world’s markets for heavy construction and mining equipment. Independent dealers are key to success Dealer network is linked via computers
13 - 1
Objectives

Comprehend how companies select, motivate, and evaluate channel members. Understand the nature and importance of marketing logistics and integrated supply chain management.
Factory
Ship
• Produce to forecast
Supplier
Ship
• Produce to forecast • Produce to order with lead time
13 - 8
What is a Supply Chain?
P&G or other manufacturer Jewel or third party Jewel Supermarket Customer wants detergent and goes to Jewel

《企业资本结构对经营绩效的影响研究国内外文献综述4000字》

企业资本结构对经营绩效的影响研究国内外文献综述（一）国外相关文献综述国外学者对于资本结构与公司价值关系的研究开始得较早，形成了较为成熟的理论体系。

20世纪50年代Franco Modigliani和Merton H. Miller（1958）提出了经典MM理论，在完美市场的假设条件下，资本结构与公司价值没有关联。

基于经典的MM理论，各学者通过放松完美市场的一些假设条件，又形成了有税的MM理论、权衡理论、融资偏好理论、代理成本理论等一系列资本结构理论，认为资本结构会对公司价值产生影响。

Modigliani和Miller在1963年提出了有税的MM理论，即在考虑税收的情况下，由于负债的抵税作用，企业价值会随着负债比例的提高而增加。

然而，有税的MM理论没有考虑到随着负债的增加，企业的财务风险也会增加，基于此，Robicheck和Myers（1966）又提出了破产成本理论，即企业价值会随着负债的增加而降低。

Kraus和Litzenberer（1973）在有税的MM理论和破产成本理论的基础之上提出了权衡理论，负债比率的提高既会带来税盾效应，也会增加破产成本，因此存在一个最优的负债比率使企业的价值达到最大。

随着不对称理论的发展，20世纪70年代初的学者对于资本结构的研究进入了新资本结构理论的阶段。

Majluf和Myers （1984）将MM理论中的假设条件进一步放开，在信息不对称的情况下考虑企业的交易成本，企业选择的融资渠道顺序是内部融资、债务融资、权益融资。

Jesen和Meckling（1976）则认为信息不对称会产生股权代理成本和债权代理成本，这两者随负债比率变化的方向是反向的，因此企业能够找到一个最优的负债比率权衡这两种代理成本，使企业价值达到最大。

不少学者通过实证研究证实了上述理论。

Dimitris Margaritis和Maria Psillaki（2009）以法国制造业企业为样本进行实证分析，认为杠杆率与公司价值呈正相关，同时不同行业和不同的集中度的公司代理成本不同、公司价值不同，股权更集中的家族企业的绩效优于非家族企业。

Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have

investors, aware of
their relative ignorance, will reason that a decision not to issue shares
signals "good news."
good.
The news conveyed by an Issue is bad or at least less
It
that management acts in the interests of "old" (existing) stockholders. also assumes those stockholders are passive, and do not adjust their
—3—
CORPORATE FINANCING AND INVESTMENT DECISIONS WHEN FIRMS HAVE INFORMATION THAT INVESTORS DO NOT HAVE
Stewart C. Myers and Nicholas S. Majluf1
Consider a firm that has assets in place and also a valuable real
we will show formally how this can happen——real capital investment Is
misallocated and firm value reduced.
Of course, we would also expect
management to try to rearrange the firm's capital structure to avoid being caught in this "financing trap" the next time the firm has a positive—NPV

Sources of Financing--Debt and Equity

Chapter 13: Sources of Funds
Copyright 2008 Prentice Hall Publishing Company
8
Sources of Equity Financing
Personal savings Friends and family members Angels Partners Corporations Venture capital companies Public stock sale Simplified registrations and exemptions
Chapter 13: Sources of Funds
Copyright 2008 Prentice Hall Publishing Company
10
Friends and Family Members
After emptying their own pockets, entrepreneurs should turn to those most likely to invest in the business: friends and family members. Careful!!! Inherent dangers lurk in family/friendly business deals, especially those that flop.
Chapter 13: Sources of Funds Copyright 2008 Prentice Hall Publishing Company 6
Equity Capital
Represents the personal investment of the owner(s) in the business. Is called risk capital because investors assume the risk of losing their money if the business fails. Does not have to be repaid with interest like a loan does. Means that an entrepreneur must give up some ownership in the company to outside investors.

公司理财(罗斯)第13章(英文)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13-3
What Sort of Financing Decisions?
Typical financing decisions include:
How much debt and equity to sell When (or if) to pay dividends When to sell debt and equity
Strong Form
Security prices reflect all information—public and private.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Corporate Finance, 7/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Corporate Finance, 7/e
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13-6
Reaction of Stock Price to New Information in Efficient and Inefficient Markets
Days before (-) and after (+) announcement
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13-8
13.3 The Different Types of Efficiency(p354)

公司金融英语原版书

公司金融英语原版书Corporate finance is a crucial aspect of modern business operations and decision-making. The field encompasses a wide range of topics, including financial planning, capital budgeting, risk management, and corporate governance. To stay informed and up-to-date in this dynamic landscape, professionals often turn to original version books on corporate finance. These publications provide in-depth analysis, practical insights, and cutting-edge research, helping individuals and organizations make informed financial decisions.One of the most widely recognized and respected original version books in corporate finance is "Principles of Corporate Finance" by Richard A. Brealey, Stewart C. Myers, and Franklin Allen. This comprehensive textbook covers a broad spectrum of topics, from the time value of money and valuation techniques to capital structure and dividend policy. The authors' clear and concise writing style, coupled with their extensive experience in the field, make this book an invaluable resource for students, academics, and finance professionals alike.Another notable original version book is "Corporate Finance" by Jonathan Berk and Peter DeMarzo. This textbook offers a modern and integrated approach to corporate finance, incorporating the latest theories and practices. It delves into the fundamentals of financial management, including investment decisions, financing options, and risk analysis. The authors' use of real-world examples and case studies helps readers better understand the practical applications of corporate finance principles."Investment Banking: Valuation, LBOs, M&A, and IPOs" by Joshua Rosenbaum and Joshua Pearl is a specialized original version book that focuses on the investment banking industry. This comprehensive guide covers the valuation methodologies and analytical techniques used in mergers and acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, and initial public offerings. It provides valuable insights into the deal-making process and the role of investment bankers in corporate transactions."Corporate Governance" by Robert A.G. Monks and Nell Minow is an original version book that explores the critical topic of corporate governance. It examines the relationships and responsibilities among a company's management, its board of directors, and its stakeholders. The book addresses issues such as board composition, executive compensation, and shareholder rights, offering a thorough understanding of the governance frameworks that shape modern businesses."Behavioral Corporate Finance" by Hersh Shefrin is an original version book that delves into the intersection of psychology and corporate finance. It explores how cognitive biases and emotional factors can influence financial decision-making at the individual and organizational levels. This book provides valuable insights into understanding and mitigating the impact of behavioral factors on corporate financial decisions.In addition to these well-known original version books, there are numerous other publications that cater to specific areas of corporate finance. For instance, "Corporate Risk Management" by Donald Chew and Steve Gillan focuses on the management of financial and operational risks, while "International Corporate Finance" by Laurent Jacque examines the unique challenges and considerations in global financial management.The importance of original version books in corporate finance cannot be overstated. These publications serve as authoritative sources of information, providing professionals with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complex and ever-evolving world of corporate finance. By staying informed through these original version books, individuals and organizations can make more informed decisions, mitigate risks, and capitalize on emerging opportunities in the financial landscape.In conclusion, original version books on corporate finance offer a wealth of knowledge and insights that are invaluable to professionals in the field. From foundational textbooks to specialized guides, these publications cover a diverse range of topics and provide the necessary framework for understanding and applying the principles of corporate finance. By leveraging the expertise and research presented in these original version books, finance professionals can enhance their decision-making capabilities, drive organizational success, and contribute to the overall growth and stability of the business world.。