化学工程与工艺专业英语UNIT.ppt
化学工程与工艺专业英语(1)
化学工程与工艺专业英语1. Introduction化学工程与工艺是一门涉及化学反应、化学工艺以及工程原理的学科，它在许多工业领域中起着重要的作用。
作为一个化学工程与工艺专业的学生，具备良好的英语沟通能力对于学习和就业都具有重要意义。
本文档将介绍一些化学工程与工艺专业中常用的英语术语和短语，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些知识。
2. Basic Terms and Definitions在开始学习化学工程与工艺专业的英语词汇之前，我们需要了解一些基本的术语和定义。
•Chemical Engineering: 化学工程•Process: 过程•Reactor: 反应器•Mass Transfer: 质量传递•Heat Transfer: 热传递•Distillation: 蒸馏•Extraction: 提取•Polymerization: 聚合•Catalysis: 催化•Reaction Kinetics: 反应动力学•Thermodynamics: 热力学•Unit Operation: 单元操作•Unit Process: 单元工艺3. Chemical Engineering Processes化学工程与工艺专业涉及许多不同的化学过程和工艺。
下面是一些常见的过程名称和定义。
3.1 Distillation蒸馏是一种通过利用不同组分的沸点差异进行分离的过程。
在蒸馏过程中，液体混合物被加热，使其沸腾，然后通过冷凝，得到不同组分的纯液体。
蒸馏在石油化工、酒精生产和石油提炼等领域中广泛应用。
3.2 Extraction提取是一种将溶质从溶剂中分离出来的过程。
提取可以通过溶剂选择性地与溶质相互作用，使得溶质从溶剂中转移到新的相中。
提取常用于药物生产、化妆品制造等领域。
3.3 Polymerization聚合是一种将单体分子结合成长链聚合物的过程。
聚合通常需要催化剂和适当的反应条件。
聚合在塑料制造、纤维生产和涂料工业等领域中被广泛应用。
化学工程与工艺专业英语Unit_11
Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学In a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical engineering refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical properties are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on chemical and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.广义来讲，工程学可以定义为对某种工业所用技术和设备的科学表达。
例如，机械工程学涉及的是制造机器的工业所用技术和设备。
它优先讨论的是机械力，这种作用力可以改变所加工对象的外表或物理性质而不改变其化学性质。
化学工程学包括原材料的化学过程，以更为复杂的化学和物理化学现象为基础。
Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.因此，化学工程学是工程学的一个分支，它涉及工业化化学过程中工厂和机器的设计、制造、和操作的研究。
化学工程与工艺专业英语Unit 17
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two or more phases in the reaction, and the overriding problem in the design is to promote mass transfer
between the phases.
有一种设计可能反应器的费用较低，但离开该装置的物料可 能的处理费用比其他设计费用高得多。所以全过程的经济性 是必须要考虑的。
Para. 4-5
Para. 4
Line 1. Reactor design uses information, knowledge, and experience from a variety of areas—(thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer, and economics). Line 3. Chemical reaction engineering is the synthesis of all these factors (with the aim of properly designing a chemical reactor).
在热力学中，也可以从反应物料的标准自由能来计算平衡常 数K。如果知道了平衡常数，那么可以估算出反应物的最大 可得收率。
2. Chemical Kinetics
Para. 1 Line 2 constitute 组成，构成，建立，任命(V)
Line 3
constituent 组成成分(n); 构成的，选举的(adj) Chemistry studies the mode and mechanism of reactions, the physical and energy changes involved and the rate of formation of produces. 化学研究反应的模式和机理，研究所涉及到的 物质和能量的变化以及产品的生成速率。
化学工程与工艺专业英语1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、11、12、13、20、21
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2．化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
化学工程与工艺专业英语unit1精品文档
into them. The difficultly comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities, To consider a specific example to illustrate this dilemma, emulsion paints may contain poly (vinyl chloride)/poly (vinyl acetate). Clearly, synthesis of vinyl chloride (or acetate) and its polymerization are chemical activities. However, if formulation and mixing of the paint, including the polymer,
has made to meet and satisfy our needs? 4 . Is the chemical industry capital-or labor-intensive? Why?
1. Origins of the Chemical Industry
Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800,and developed to provide chemicals for use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking.
《化工专业英语第一》PPT课件演示教学
only for small shells.
• （3）运用图表、公式、符号、缩写词语等来替代和简化文字描述， 使论述和说明更为直观和简洁。如：LAS, e.g..
• (4).使用各类复合词较多，如chlor-alkali，by-products。
• 4.化学化工专业英语语法特点：
•
专业英语着重讲述客观现象和科学真理，要求行文简洁、表达客
问才能学好专业英语。广泛进行化学专业英语阅读，阅读过程中，有
意识地对反复出现的化学专业词汇进行观察、分析、归纳，发现化合
物命名中词头和词尾变化的规律。可以通过汉译英、英译汉、用英语 回答问题及写课文或某一段落摘要的练习，提高英语书面表达能力； 在具有较高基础英语听说能力后，不断积累并掌握简单、常用专业英 语词汇的听说技巧，能提高用英语进行专业技术交流的能力。
Oxys(酸)，后缀-gen 。 • 氟，F(Fluorum, [En]Fluorine)，得名于萤石(拉丁语 Fluor，原意是熔
剂)，化学成分是 氟化钙。 • 钠，Na(Natrium)，英语为 Sodium，因电解苏打(Soda，化学成分是
碳酸钠)制得而得 名。拉丁语 Natrium 意思也是苏打。 • 镁，Mg(Magnesium)，得名于苦土(Magnesia，希腊一个盛产苦土的
• 专业英语是大学课程体系的一个重要组成部分，是保证学 生能够真正掌握英语并能够实用英语的一个重要环节。
• 专业英语有着自身的特点，表现在语句结构、构词、写作 等方面，学生只有掌握了这些特点才能更好地学习并运用 专业英语。
• 本教材的内容包括：
• 按照化学基础知识如有机物和无机物、化学反应内容；化 工操作单元和化工设备如转热、反应器、喷雾干燥设备和 膜技术等内容；无机化工如盐酸和硝酸、纯碱、烧碱等内 容，有机化工、精细化工、高分子材料、化工产品说明书 和设备说明书、煤化工、环境保护和清洁生产、计算机辅 助设计、生物技术、锂离子电池等内容，使教材体现新技 术新材料技术的发展和应用。使本教材有简单到复杂、由 化学到化工、有设备到工艺、由基础到前沿的顺序安排学 习。同时让学生掌握化学化工词汇的构词规律，掌握专业 英语的特点和学习方法，掌握专业英语的翻译和写作。使 学生在今后的生产实践中能够借助词典阅读专业的先进技
化学工程与工艺英语
化学工程与工艺英语Chemical Engineering and Process EnglishIntroduction:Chemical Engineering and Process English is a specialized field within the broader discipline of Chemical Engineering, focusing on the development and application of English language skills in the context of chemical engineering principles and practices. This type of English language proficiency is essential for communication and collaboration in an industry that is increasingly globalized and where language barriers can inhibit progress.Importance of English in Chemical Engineering and Process Industry:English language proficiency is a crucial skill in the chemical engineering and process industry for several reasons:1. Global Collaboration: Chemical engineering projects often involve collaboration with multinational teams, suppliers, and clients. English is commonly used as a lingua franca in these settings, enabling effective communication and collaboration.2. Technical Documentation and Reporting: Chemical engineers are often required to write technical reports, research papers, and documentation. English language competency is vital for accurately conveying complex scientific concepts and data.3. Presentations and Conferences: Chemists and chemical engineers frequently present their work at conferences and seminars. English language proficiency is essential for effective presentation and communication of research findings to an international audience.4. Safety and Standardization: Chemical engineering involves working with hazardous materials and processes. English is a universal language for safety guidelines, standard operating procedures, and international regulations in the industry. Effective understanding and implementation of these guidelines require proficiency in English.Key Terminologies and Vocabulary in Chemical Engineering and Process Industry:To excel in English language proficiency specific to chemical engineering and process industry, it is essential to master key terminologies and vocabulary. Some examples include:1. Reactor Design: understanding terms such as residence time, conversion, catalyst, isothermal, adiabatic, and reaction kinetics.2. Separation Processes: vocabulary related to distillation, crystallization, extraction, adsorption, and chromatography.3. Unit Operations: key terms like filtration, evaporation, drying, absorption, and heat exchange.4. Process Control: mastering vocabulary related to process variables, sensors, control loops, feedback, and PID controllers.To enhance English language proficiency in these areas, chemical engineering students and professionals can undertake specialized courses, attend workshops, and engage in self-study by using resources such as textbooks, technical journals, and online platforms.English Language Proficiency Tests and Certifications:As English language proficiency is essential in the chemical engineering and process industry, many employers may require or prefer candidates with evidence of English proficiency. The following language tests and certifications are recognized and widely accepted:1. TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language): Measures the ability to understand and use English at a university level.2. IELTS (International English Language Testing System): Assesses English language proficiency across all four language skills - listening, reading, writing, and speaking.3. TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication): Evaluates English communication skills specifically in the workplace.4. Cambridge English Qualifications: A range of exams catering to different proficiency levels, such as the Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) and Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE).Conclusion:English language proficiency is a crucial skill in the field of chemical engineering and process industry. It enables effective communication, collaboration, and access to global resources, information, and best practices. By acquiring and enhancing English language skills specific to this field, chemical engineers can contribute effectively to the industry's growth and development. Moreover, certifications and tests provide a standardized way to validate and demonstrate English language proficiency, enhancing employability and career prospects.。
化学工程与工艺专业英语 简介和绪论PPT课件
Performance
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长句多
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被动语态多
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后置定语多
4
名词化用法多
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It…句型常用
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图、表多
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长句多(long sentence)
科技文章
The major changes in the world-wide chemical industry since 1945 have been concerned with organic chemicals, in particular the raw materials used to produce key intermediates such as ethylene, propylene, benzene and toluene
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感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络， 如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！
Work in Inner Mongolia University Erdos College and I
Email: chai_zl@
Cell phone: 13634715434 (huhhot, text)
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Why do we learn the specialized English?
LOGO
Specialized English for Chemical Engineering and Technology
化学工程与工艺专业英语
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可编辑课件
Personal Introduction
Bachelor——Inner Mongolia University PhD——Chinese Academy of Sciences During PhD——Monash University, Australia
化学工程与工艺英语
化学工程与工艺英语1. IntroductionChemical engineering and process technology is a branch of engineering that deals with the application of science, particularly chemistry and physics, to the design, operation, and optimization of chemical processes. It plays a vital role in various industries such as petroleum, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and environmental protection. In this document, we will explore some key terms and concepts related to chemical engineering and process technology in English.2. Chemical Engineering Processes2.1 DistillationDistillation is a commonly used separation technique in chemical engineering. It involves the separation of two or more components based on their different boiling points. The process typically involves heating a liquid mixture and then condensing and collecting the vapor. Some important terms related to distillation include:•Fractional distillation: A distillation technique used when the boiling points of the components are close, allowing for more precise separation.•Azeotrope: A mixture of two or more liquids that forms a constant boiling point mixture. It cannot beseparated by simple distillation.•Reflux: The technique of continuously returning some of the condensed liquid back to the distillationapparatus to improve separation efficiency.2.2 Reaction EngineeringReaction engineering focuses on the design and optimization of chemical reactions in industrial processes. Some key terms related to reaction engineering include:•Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.•Rate of reaction: The speed at which a reaction occurs, typically measured in moles per unit time.•Chemical equilibrium: A state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.2.3 Heat TransferHeat transfer is an important aspect of chemical engineering as it deals with the movement of heat energy from one place to another. Some key terms related to heat transfer include:•Conduction: The transfer of heat through direct contact of particles.•Convection: The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids or gases.•Radiation: The transfer of heat throughelectromagnetic waves.3. Equipment and Units3.1 ReactorsReactors are vessels where chemical reactions take place. Some commonly used reactors in chemical engineering include:•Batch reactor: A reactor that operates with a fixed volume and is suitable for small-scale production or forreactions that require precise control.•Continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR): A reactor that operates with a continuous flow of reactantsand products, allowing for better control of reactionconditions.3.2 Distillation ColumnsDistillation columns are used in distillation processes to separate mixtures by their boiling points. Some important components of distillation columns include:•Reboiler: A heat exchanger that provides heat to the bottom of the distillation column, causing the liquid tovaporize.•Condenser: A heat exchanger that cools the vapor and condenses it back into liquid form.3.3 Heat ExchangersHeat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Some commonly used types of heat exchangers in chemical engineering include:•Shell and tube heat exchanger: Consists of a series of tubes through which one fluid flows, while another fluid flows around the tubes in the shell.•Plate heat exchanger: Consists of a series of metal plates with alternating channels for the hot and cold fluids.4. Safety and Environmental ProtectionChemical engineering places a strong emphasis on safety and environmental protection. Some key terms related to safety and environmental protection in chemical engineering include:•Hazardous substances: Chemicals that present a risk to human health, safety, or the environment.•Risk assessment: The process of evaluating the potential hazards and risks associated with a chemicalprocess or operation.•Emissions control: The techniques and measures used to reduce harmful emissions into the environment.5. ConclusionThis document has provided an overview of some key terms and concepts related to chemical engineering and process technology in English. These terms are crucial for effective communication and understanding in the field. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you can enhance your knowledge and be better equipped to navigate the world of chemical engineering and process technology.。
化学化工专业英语PPT课件
词，前面的名词说明后面的名词，其中心意 思由后一个名词表达，它们之间表示着各种 关系，如： ➢ Steel pipe = pipe made of steel 铁管（表示 由什么材料制成）
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➢ Carbon steel = steel which contains carbon mainly 碳钢（表示一种材料的典型成分）
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大致说来，理解阶段包括一下几个方面： 1.领略全文大意
通读一遍，不同的词，词组甚至是句子在不 同的语境中可能有不同的意思。任何一篇文章或 一段文字都是一个有机整体，词与词，词与句子， 句子与段落甚至整个篇章之间，都有着必然的内 在联系。这就要求译者在动手翻译之前，务必通 读全文，领略大意，切忌一开始就把注意力集中 在一词一词的推敲上，看一句译一句。
表达就是选择恰当的汉语，把已经理解了的原作 内容叙述出来。在翻译的表达阶段，要特别注意 的是，翻译表达和创作表达是不一样的，译者要 表达的是原文作者已经表达出来的东西，因此必 须按照原著作者的思维逻辑表达。虽然提倡在深 刻理解的基础上创造性地表达，但译者不能任意 发挥，随意删改。一般说来，在翻译表达方面译 者要注意以下几个问题：
例如：
The moment the circuit is completed, a current will start flowing toward the coil.
电路被完成这一刻，一个电流将开始流向 这个线圈。（误译）
电路一接通，电流就开始流向线圈。
（注：要注意对整个句子或语言环境的理解，而 不能逐字逐句地翻译。）
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3. 后置定语多
即位于其所修饰名词之后的定语。科技英语由于语 言习惯与汉语的差异，还有为了强调所修饰的名词， 都将定语后置，定语越长，越易后置。
化学工程与工艺专业英语全本
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》全本
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化学工程与工艺专业英语
1Unit 1 Chemical Industry 化学工业化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）很有帮助1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
化学工程与工艺专业英语胡鸣UNIT-2ppt课件
be seen as research, whereas testing it and
developing it to the point where it could be
marketed as a new drug could be described
as the development part.
processes and products. To illustrate this
with an example, predicting the structure of
new molecule which would have a specific
biological activity and synthesizing it could
Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. In may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world ”will be apparent. Not that it will be provide a valuable training in defining and solving problems, i.e. research methodology for the research student who carries it out, under supervision. however, later “spin offs” from such
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The latter required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture ) with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years(1918-1939).
The chemical industry today is a very diverse sector of manufacturing industry, within which it plays a central role. It makes thousands of different chemicals which the general public only usually encounter as end or consumer products. Theses products are purchased because they have the required properties which make them suitable for some particular application, e.g. a non-sick coating for pans or a weedkiller. Thus chemicals are ultimately sold for the effects that they produce.
Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate, although this has slowed significantly in recent years. The lion’s share of this growth has been in the organic chemicalssector due to the development and growth of the petrochemicals area since 1950.The explosivegrowth in petrochemicals in the 1960s and 1970s was largely due to the enormous increase in demand for synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyesters and epoxy res that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery of the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia.
has made to meet and satisfy our needs? 4 . Is the chemical industry capital-or labor-intensive? Why?
1. Origins of the Chemical Industry
Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800,and developed to provide chemicals for use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking.
化学工程与工艺专业英语
授课班级：化工05 授课教师：郎中敏
学 时：32
Unit 1 Chemical Industry
Before reading the text below, try to answer following questions:
1. When did the modern chemical industry start? 2 . Can you give a definition for the chemical industry? 3 . What are the contributions which the chemical industry