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How to Grow Old

5 词汇解析
justifiably adv. 无可非议地 v. justify 证明…有理；为…辩护；对…作出解释 This does not justify his long absence. 这不能说明他长期缺席是对的。 cheat of 从……那里骗取 to cheat in an exam 在考试中作弊 She cheated her aged aunt of her fortune. 她从年迈的姑妈那里骗得了财产。 joys and sorrows share joys and sorrows with sb. 与某人同甘共苦 =happiness and sadness =ups and downs
5 词汇解析
oppress v. 忧郁，压抑 be oppressed by 因……而烦恼；受……压抑 The gloomy atmosphere in the office oppressed her. 办公室的低沉气氛使她感到郁闷。 He was oppressed by a sense of failure. 他受到失败感压迫。 the＋adj 表示一类人 the young 年轻人 the disabled 残疾人 It is often very difficult for the disabled to find jobs. 残疾人士找工作往往很困难。 justification n. 正当理由 We have sound justification for what we do. 人们对自己所做的事都会有辩解的理由。
句子主干：I should wish to die. 第一个while：引导时间状语从句 while (I am) still at work knowing that ：引导原因状语从句 that others will carry on what I can no longer do，是know 的宾语第一个what：引导宾语从句，是carry on的宾语 content in：引导原因状语从句 content in the thought that what was possible has been done 第三个that：引导同位语从句 that what was possible has been done，解释说明 thought的内容第一个what：引导主语从句 what was possible，是同位语从句was possible has done 的主语

新概念英语第四册第11课全文句子成分分析

Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle定语may justifiably feel bitter in the thought同位语that they have been cheated of the best things 定语that life has to offer. But in an old man 定语who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved 宾语whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way 定语to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests 宾补gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit 主语the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes 表语increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and 状语in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, andpainlessly lose their individual being. The man 定语who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things 定语he cares for will continue. And 状语if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while （省略I am）still at work, knowing that others will carry on 宾语what I can no longer do, and content in the thought 同位语that what was possible has been done.。

英译汉赏析3How to Grow Old

How to Grow OldIn spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women's higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren. "Good gracious," she exclaimed, "I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!" "Madre snaturale," he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a. m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the论老之将至尽管有这样一个标题，这篇文章真正要谈的却是怎样才能不变老。

HOW-TO-GROW-OLD+中文译文教学文稿

HOW TO GROW OLD(如何平静老去？)HOW TO GROW OLD如何平静老去？By Bertrand Russell波特兰·罗素1. In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, isa much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Althoug h both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover on e who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off。

不管标题是怎么写的，这篇文章实际上告诉你的是如何减缓衰老，这样一个主题在我现在的生命阶段是很重要的。

我的第一个建议是认真仔细的去考察一下自己的宗谱。

虽然我的父母去世的比较早，但是我的别的祖先都活的比较长寿。

我敬爱的祖父，在67岁结束了自己像花期一样富有朝气的生命，我的其余几位祖辈的年龄都超过了80。

how to grow old 怎样活到老(笔译分析第二版)

怎样活到老我认为，1、如果对一些合适的活动有着强烈的个人兴趣，他们将会很容易获得一个成功的晚年。

2、在这一方面，有着丰富的经验；这一方面的经验中可以得到的智慧能够有用，且没有被受压迫。

告诫长大的孩子们不要犯错误那是没有用的，因为他们不会相信你，犯错误压实受教育的重要部分。

但是如果你对于个人以外的事情不感兴趣，你会发现你的生活很空虚，3、除非你关心自己的同时也关心你的孩子及孙子。

在这种情况下，你要明白尽管你还可以提供物质服务，比如给他们零花钱或是织毛衣，你也不要期望他们会喜欢你的陪伴。

一些老人被死亡的恐惧所困扰。

如果年轻人有这种感觉，4、那也是合乎情理的。

年轻人有理由惧怕死在战场，5、觉得痛苦也是很正常的想到他们被骗走了生命所能提供的美好生活。

但是6、对于一个知道人间快乐与痛苦的老人，且事业已经完成，惧怕死亡就未必光彩了。

克服恐惧最好的方法就是——至少在我看来——7、让你的兴趣逐渐扩大，在个人之外，直到阻隔的墙一点点后退，你的生命将会和宇宙生命融合在一起。

独立的人生应该像一条河流——刚开始很小，被河岸所限制，汹涌地向岩石和瀑布冲去。

河流逐渐变宽，河岸后退，河水安静地流着。

没有任何停留就和大海汇聚一起，也失去了自身的存在但毫无痛苦。

在老年能够这样看待生活的人，将不会惧怕死亡，他所关心的事情将会继续下去。

如果随着生命的衰竭，疲劳也会增加，想要休息也是可以接受的。

我希望能够死于工作岗位上，并知道别人接手我不再做的工作，会自己所完成的感到满意。

1、如果对一些合适的活动有着强烈的个人兴趣，他们将会很容易获得一个成功的晚年。

参考译文：如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的活动，他们的晚年是最容易过得好的。

原文：I think that a successful old age is easier for those who have strongimpersonal involving appropriate activities.(1)Impersonal 此词翻译有误，误译为“个人的”，忽略了否定前缀“im”，参考译文译为“个人意外的”符合句意；（2）“a successful old age is easier”，翻译为“更容易获得一个成功的晚年”，个人认为参考译文翻译为“…的晚年是最容易过得好的”也不是很流畅，也许翻译为“更易安享晚年”妥当。

新概念英语第四册Lesson11：How to grow old

新概念英语第四册Lesson11：How to grow old Lesson 11How to grow old如何安度晚年First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed inbattle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from thefear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.BERTRAND RUSSELL How to grow old from Portraits from MemoryNew words and expressions 生词和短语oppressv. 忧郁，压抑justificationn. 正当理由justifiablyadv. 无可非议地cheatv. 欺骗abjectadj. 可怜的ignobleadj. 不体面的，可耻的impersonaladj. 超脱个人感情影响的egon. 自我recededv. 退去increasingadv. 日益，持续passionatelyadv. 激昂地painlesslyadv. 毫无痛苦地vitalityn. 精力wearinessn. 疲惫感参考译文有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

新概念英语第四册第11课-How to grow old

新概念英语第四册第11课:How to grow oldLesson 11 How to grow old如何安度晚年 First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What, according to the author, is the best way to overcome the fear of death as you get older?Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- so at least it seems to me -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.参考译文有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。

第十七届“韩素音青年翻译奖”赛(汉译英)中文原文及参考译文和解析

老来乐Delights in Growing Old六十整岁望七十岁如攀高山。

不料七十岁居然过了。

又想八十岁是难于上青天，可望不可即了。

岂知八十岁又过了。

老汉今年八十二矣。

这是照传统算法，务虚不务实。

现在不是提倡尊重传统吗 ?At the age of sixty I longed for a life span of seventy, a goal as difficult as a summit to be reached. Who would expect that I had reached it? Then I dreamed of living to be eighty, a target in sight but as inaccessible as Heaven. Out of my anticipation, I had hit it. As a matter of fact, I am now an old man of eighty-two. Such longevity is a grant bestowed by Nature; though nominal and not real, yet it conforms to our tradition. Is it not advocated to pay respect to nowadays?老年多半能悟道。

孔子说“天下有道”。

老子说“道可道”。

《圣经》说“太初有道”。

佛教说“邪魔外道”。

我老了，不免胡思乱想，胡说八道，自觉悟出一条真理 : 老年是广阔天地，是可以大有作为的。

An old man is said to understand the Way most probably: the Way of good administration as put forth by Confucius, the Way that can be explained as suggested by Laotzu, the Word (Way) in the very beginning as written in the Bible and the Way of pagans as denounced by the Buddhists. As I am growing old, I can't help being given to flights of fancy and having my own Way of creating stories. However I have come to realize the truth: my old age serves as a vast world in which I can still have my talents employed fully and developed completely.七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金，不愁没有一碗饭吃，自由自在，自得其乐。

Unit-9-How-to-Grow-Old-练习答案

Unit 9How to Grow OldConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the author’s purposeA.To explore the reasons why people usually fear death in oldage.B.To supply some medical information about health and geneticinfluence on one’s longevity.C.To offer suggestions on how to keep open-minded and make somepsychological adjustments in the process of growing old. Key [ C ]2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). With a few exceptions, most of the author’s ancestors lived to a great age. [ T ]2). The author is very particular about his diet and careful in his lifestyle. [ F ]3). If you left your grown-up children alone, they would become very callous because of your indifference. [ F ]4). It is obvious that those who do not have strong impersonal interests will unduly concern themselves with their children and grandchildren to fill the void in their lives. [ T ] 5). With the decay of vitality and increase of weariness, the fear of death in the old people is inevitable and justifiable. [ F ]II. Writing StrategiesIn the last paragraph the author compares one’s life to a river with its different phases. Now try to describe how this metaphor works for the theme of the essay. The metaphor is used to illustrate particular characteristics of an individual humanexistence in three different phases:1) When people are young, they are more vigorous and energetic (“rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls”),but less experienced (“small,” “contained within its banks”).2) When they reach their middle age, they have got more experience and wisdom (“Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede ...”) and their pace of life becomes more gentle but steady (“... the waters flow more quietly ...”).3) As their sense of fulfillment increases in old age, their sense of individuality decreases, and their lives become increasingly blended with the universal life (“become merged in the sea,” “lose their individual being”).III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1). Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestorswith reference to/relating to2). Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off.ancestors who lived a long time ago; specifically3). She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad.tell4). I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!bid farewell to/were separated from; a miserable life5). I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.for the reason that; healthful6). Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.we should prevent from happening/we should watch out for7). ... you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous.heartless/indifferent8). In the young there is a justification for this feeling.good reason9). And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome.tiredness10). The best way to overcome it ... is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the wallsof the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.what distinguishes your own self from others gradually disappears or becomes less and l ess distinct; becomes increasingly one with/becomes increasingly blended with2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1). Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of miscarriages (miscarry) of justice.2). There is something wrong with anyone who is so habitually (habit) rude.3). There’s no need to be unduly (undue) pessimistic about the situation.4). Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption (absorb) through the skin.5). He takes plenty of vigorous (vigor) exercise.6). According to the instructions, these vitamin pills will restore lost vitality (vital).7). She was staring out over the lake, lost in contemplation (contemplative).8). I couldn’t have managed at college if I hadn’t had an allowance (allow) from my parents.9). He was justifiably (justify) proud of his achievements.10. We were unable to sleep because of the oppressive (oppress) heat.3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.merge | cut off | respect | suck into | cheat |infancyguard against | concern | sphere | as regards1). This proposal differs from the last one in many important respects.2). They decided to merge the two companies into one.3). There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements4). Regular exercise helps guard against heart disease.5). If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.6). There’s no need for you to concern yourself with what happened.7). The system is still in its infancy.8). I really don’t want any part in this whole argument, butI can feel myself being sucked into it.9). The minister said that the government planned to develop exchanges with other countries, particularly in cultural, scientific and economic spheres.10). She claimed that her cousin had cheated her of her inheritance.4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1). We owe it to our descendants to leave them a clean worldto live in.future generations/children and grandchildren2). I think next time we need any decorating we’ll get it done professionally.by skilled people3). Her absorption in her work is so great that she thinks about nothing else.engrossment in, or preoccupation with her work4). Continued rapid growth in consumer spending will suck in more imports.draw in/encourage5). I’m not very good where money is concerned.when dealing with money6). Taxpayers should claim as many allowable expenses as possible against their taxed income.expenses on which no taxes are paid7). Her actions were quite justifiable in the circumstances.There was a good reason for her actions8). He won’t be contented until he’s upset everyone in the office.satisfied9). On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted in anticipation.separated/open10). I suspect he cheats the taxman.avoids paying taxes by using illegal methods5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.Corrections should be done as follows:Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.Extra word: delete the extra word with an “×.”Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” and write the missing word in the blank.6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.Growing OldHappy birthday! Do birthdays really make people happy Of course they do. Birthdays celebrate the day we were (1) born. Moreover, that extra candle on the cake represents another year of growth and maturity —or so we hope. We all like to imaginethat we’re getting wi ser and not just (2) older. Most of us enjoy observing the miracle of growth in others, as well. For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud.For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful pro cess. But growing old That’s a different (3) story.Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youth-oriented American culture. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, “You’re as young as you (4) feel. Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years (5) old. People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom. But Americans seem to favor those that are (6) young, or at least “young at heart.”Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything (7) but golden. Economically, “senior citizens” often struggle just to get (8) by. Retirement — typically at age 65 —brings a sharp (9) decrease in personal income. Social Security benefits usually cannot make up the (10) difference. Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care andhousing. Some even experience (11) age discrimination. In 1987, American sociologist Pat Moore dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets. She was often (12) treated rudely — even cheated and robbed. However, (13) dressed as a young person, she received much more respect. Of course, not all elderly Americans have such negative (14) experiences. But old age does present unique challenges.Ironically, the elderly population in America is expanding — fast. Why People are living longer. Fewer babies are being born. And middle-aged “baby boomers” are rapidly (15) entering the ranks of the elderly. America may soon be a place where wrinkles are “in.”Despite the (16) challenges they face, Americans in their “twilight years” generally (17) refuse to give up on life. They find a variety of ways to keep themselves (18) active. To help them stay in (19) shape, they may join mall walkers clubs, fitness program s and even the “Senior Olympics.” They can enjoy hours of entertainment at senior centers and adult amusement (20) parks. Many enroll in continuing education programs to maintain their mental skills. For Americans, if you’re going to grow old, you might as well do it gracefully.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1). 她与他在一起生活度日艰难。

painlessly一词几种汉译对比研究

painlessly一词几种汉译对比研究翻译活动是一项多层次的立体交叉活动，这项活动常把原文划分成不同的翻译单位来进行。

对于翻译单位的选择，各专家学者提出了不同的观点。

有的提出以文明义，有的提出以句为单位，也有的提出以篇章为单位。

不论哪种观点，有一点是勿庸置疑的，即句子中词的灵活掌握是决定译文质量好坏的关键。

因为词是能独立运用的最小的语言单位，也是思维活动中最活跃的语言单位，无论以什么为翻译单位，都必须顾及词义。

英汉语言的词汇之间，从总体而言应该是基本对等的，但是绝对等值的词为数不多。

即使是在基本对等的情况下，两种语言的两个词的涵义和使用习惯也难于完全一致。

因此，英译汉中译文的优劣很大程度上在于词义的选择是否正确，词义的表达是否得体、是否符合汉语的习惯。

但有时会出现这样的情况，一个词有好几种译法，每一种各有利弊，因此判断这些译法的标准各不相同。

例如，英国著名的数学家、逻辑学家和哲学家，诺贝尔奖的获得者罗素（Bertrand Russel）曾写过一篇名为“How to Grow Old”的文章，以river 比喻人生，从身体健康、心理健康以及对待死亡的态度等方面阐述了自己对老年生活的看法。

其中有一段是这样的：（An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first narrowly contained within its banks and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. ）Gradually the river grows wider the banks recede the water flow more quietly and in the end without any visible break they become merged in the sea and can painlessly lose their individual being. （The man who in old age can see his life in this way will not suffer from the fear of death since the things he cares for will continue. ）对于包含了painlessly一词的句子，笔者看到的有三种译法：译文一：（人生好比一条河，开头河身狭窄，夹在两岸之间，接着河水奔腾咆哮，流过巨石，飞下悬崖。

新概念英语第4册第11课Howtogrowold原文及译文

新概念英语第4册第11课Howtogrowold原文及译文学过四册的同学一定很喜欢第十一课，也就是英国大哲学家数学家伯兰德.罗素的'How to Grow Old',其实这篇课文是罗素一篇同名的著名演讲稿的节选，下面将原文及参考译文贴在下面，文章的语言并不艰深，三册四册的同学都应该可以看懂。

品名家的作品如聆听伟人与你促膝谈心，这样的好文章不应错过。

How to Grow OldBertrand RussellIn spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remote ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women's higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildren. 'Good gracious,' she exclaimed, 'I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sadeach time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!' 'Madre snaturale,' he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be asinterested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.I think that a successful old age is easier for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knotting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it----so at least it seems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and moreimpersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer form the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.虽然有这样一个标题，这篇文章真正要谈的却是怎样才能不老。

HOW TO GROW OLD+中文译文

HOW TO GROW OLD(如何平静老去？)HOW TO GROW OLD如何平静老去？By Bertrand Russell波特兰·罗素Translated by sog@2005-4-513:48古典的英国英语很难翻译，特别是罗素的文章。

早几年读傅雷翻译的罗素文章，看着文章很平淡，但是不经意间说出来的话，需要你回味很长时间。

这篇演讲稿更加堪称经典，忙里偷闲，拿这篇文章练一下手，欠妥处请多指点。

sog@2005-4-513:471. In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, isa much more important subject. My first advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Althoug h both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover on e who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off。

howtogrowold庄绎传译文

howtogrowold庄绎传译文
《How to Grow Old》的庄绎传译文是《怎样面对年老》。

译文：
“有些人，在年老之后，会陷入对过去的深深怀念，无法自拔。

他们反复诉说着往日的荣光，却对眼前的生活视而不见。

然而，这样的生活态度并不能帮助他们更好地面对年老。

相反，他们应该明白，年老并不是生命的终结，而是另一种生活的开始。

年老并不意味着我们必须放弃对生活的热爱和追求。

我们仍然可以保持对新鲜事物的好奇心，仍然可以追求我们的梦想。

年龄只是数字，它不能定义我们的生活。

我们应该活出自我，不受年龄的束缚。

当然，年老也带来了身体的衰老和健康的问题。

但是，这并不意味着我们就此屈服。

我们可以通过合理的饮食和适当的运动来保持身体的健康。

同时，我们也应该保持积极的心态，因为心态的年轻比身体的年轻更为重要。

面对年老，我们需要学会接受和适应。

我们不能再像年轻时那样无所畏惧，但我们可以拥有更加深刻的洞察力和理解力。

年老赋予我们更多的智慧和从容，让我们能够更好地理解生活，更好地面对生活的挑战。

最后，我们应该珍惜年老带来的每一刻。

无论是与家人的团聚，还是与朋友的交谈，都是值得我们珍惜的宝贵时光。

让我们以平和的心态面对年老，珍惜生命中的每一刻。

”。

(完整word版)Unit 9 How to Grow Old课文翻译

(完整word版)Unit 9 How to Grow Old课文翻译Unit 9 How to Grow Old1. 与本文的标题相反，本文真正要谈的是如何才能不老，在我这个年纪，这才是更为重要的主题。

我的第一条忠告是,选准了祖先再投胎。

尽管我双亲都是英年早逝，我选择的其他祖先还是不错的。

诚然,我的外祖父在67岁正值盛年的时候去世，但另外3位祖辈都活到了80多岁。

更前的祖辈中，我发现只有一位没能长寿，他死于现今罕见的死因，即遭斩首。

我有位曾祖母是吉本的朋友,在92岁去世之前始终令子孙们敬畏不已.我的外祖母所生的孩子中9个活了下来，1个幼年夭折，此外她还有过多次流产。

守寡以后，她便立即投身于女子高等教育事业之中。

她是格顿学院的创办人之一，为了使女性能进入医生职业，她付出了很多心血。

她过去经常讲起她在意大利遇到的一位神情悲伤的老年绅士.她询问起他悲伤的缘故，他说因为他刚刚送走了两个孙儿女.“天哪！”她嚷道，“我有72个孙儿女，要是我每送走一个都如此悲伤,那我一生就会是凄凉的!” 他则回答说：“你这狠心的女人啊！"但作为她72个孙儿女中的一员，我则更喜欢她的处世方法.80岁时她发现自己有些难入睡,于是她养成了午夜至凌晨3点阅读科普书籍的习惯。

我想她根本无暇注意到自己在衰老.我认为这正是保持年轻的良方。

只要你兴趣广泛且强烈，有你还能做得了的事情，就不必为自己已经活了多少年这种纯粹的数字问题而伤神，更不必去想你来年无多的可能性.2. 至于健康,由于我很少得病，所以提不出什么有用的建议。

我想吃就吃,想喝就喝，想睡就睡.我做任何事情从来不是因为它对健康有益，尽管实际上我爱做的事通常都是有益健康的。

3。

从心理上说,老年人要防止两种危险.其一是过分沉湎于往事.人不能生活在回忆当中，也不能生活在对美好过去的惋惜或者对已故友人的哀痛之中。

一个人应当把心思放在未来、放在自己还可以有所作为的事情上。

这并不总是那么容易做到的,因为往事的分量会不断增加.人们很容易觉得过去自己的情感比现在更活跃，思想比现在更加敏锐。

英汉全文对照Howtogrowold

How to Grow Old怎么‎变老by Bertr‎a n d Russe‎l ll伯特‎兰.罗素In spite‎of the title‎, this artic‎l e will reall‎y be on how not to grow old, which‎, at my time of life, is a much more impor‎t ant subje‎ct. My first‎ advic‎e would‎be to choos‎e your ances‎t ors caref‎ully. Altho‎u gh both my paren‎t s died young‎, I have done well in this respe‎c t as regar‎d s my other‎ances‎t ors. My mater‎n al grand‎f athe‎r, it is true, was cut off in the flowe‎r of his youth‎at the age of sixty‎-seven‎, but my other‎three‎g rand‎p aren‎t s all lived‎to be over eight‎y.尽管标题如‎此，但我真正要‎讲的却是如‎何阻止变老‎，对于活到我‎这个岁数的‎人来说，这是更重要‎的主题。

首先，我建议你慎‎重地选择你‎的祖辈父辈‎。

虽然我父母‎早逝，但在选择其‎他祖辈的时‎候，我很明智。

这是真的！我外祖父6‎7岁逝世，正值盛年，我其他三个‎祖父母都生‎活了80多‎个春秋。

Of remot‎e r ances‎t ors I can only disco‎v er one who did not live to a great‎ age, and he died of a disea‎s e which‎i s now rare, namel‎y, havin‎g his head cut off. A great‎-g rand‎m othe‎r of mine, who was a frien‎d of Gibbo‎n, lived‎to the age of ninet‎y-two, and to her last day remai‎n ed a terro‎r to all her desce‎n dant‎s. My mater‎n al grand‎m othe‎r, after‎h avin‎g nine child‎r en who survi‎v ed, one who died in infan‎cy, and many misca‎r riag‎e s, as soon as she becam‎e a widow‎devot‎e d herse‎l f to women‎'s highe‎r educa‎ti on. 在远房的上‎辈中，我只发现一‎个人并不长‎寿，他死于一种‎现在很罕见‎的疾病，叫做“脑梗塞”。

how to grow old翻译

How to Grow OldPsychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.I thing that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grownup children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realise that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it——so at least it seems to me——is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river——small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should with to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible hasbeen done.WORDS:undue 过度的，不适当的cling to附在...上，坚守...，抓住...vitality生机，生命力callous无情的，无感觉的contemplative好沉思的philanthropic博爱的，慈善的sphere 范围，领域render 给予，提供justifiably 正当地，无可非议地abject 卑下的，可怜的ignoble 不体面的，可耻的recede 退去，收回参考译文：如何安度晚年Ｂ.Ａ.罗素从心理上说，老年时期要防止两种危险。

how to grow old 译文比较分析

【译文1】谈到健康，我讲不出金玉良言，因为自己少有病患。

我这人吃喝随心，醒睡随意，虽然仔细论来个人爱好于健康多无大害，但却从不刻意去养生保健。

从心理学的角度讲，老年人有两忌。

一忌过分怀旧。

耽于记忆，哀叹旧日，伤怀亡友，这些皆不足取。

人要有意识地向前看，有意识地去想仍能有所为之事。

当然，这也并非易事。

过往的岁月，在我们肩上逐日加重着分量。

我们总是认定情感已不复往昔纤细，头脑亦有欠敏锐。

倘若真是如此，这话早该被忘记才对；而若人们连这话都记不起，想来话本身也就不会真有道理。

老年人第二忌：切忌抓住青年人不放，以求从其青春中汲取活力。

儿女一旦长大，就想有自己的生活，如果这时做父母的还像关心小孩子一样对他们面面俱到，就有沦为负担之嫌。

当然，特例也有，有的儿女对此就不以为意。

我这里不是主张为人父母者不再去关心子女，而是建议父母应从思想上去关心子女，如果有能力的话从经济上去扶持子女。

过分地在感情上去关心他们的做法并非上选。

动物的幼崽一旦学会自理，母兽就听之任之；但人由于婴儿期长的缘故，父母往往很难对子女完全放手。

我认为有一种人最易将老年活得成功。

这种人不拘泥于切身利害，而是依性之所好投入到适宜的活动之中。

因为一个人只有在从事这些兴趣爱好时，长期积累的经验才真正得以结出果实，岁月的智慧也最终得以自由流淌。

教训长大的子女不要犯错只是徒劳。

一是他们不再听从，二是从错误中求教训本是学习之核心。

但如若你没有个人爱好，就难免以一味顾念儿孙来填补生活的空虚寞落了。

（王巍译）【译文2】谈到健康问题，我就没有什么可说的了，因为我没怎么生过病。

我想吃什么就吃什么，想喝什么就喝什么，眼睛睁不开了就睡觉，从来不为对身体有益而搞什么活动，然而实际上我喜欢做的事大都是有助于增进身体健康的。

从心理方面来说，到了老年，有两种危险倾向需要注意防止，一是过分地怀念过去，老想着过去，总觉得过去怎么好，或者总是为已故的朋友而忧伤，这是不妥的。

一个人应当考虑未来，考虑一些可以有所作为的事情。