英语倒装和省略
英语语法中的倒装句和省略句结构
英语语法中的倒装句和省略句结构Introduction
英语作为全球通用的语言,其语法体系博大精深。而语法中的
倒装句和省略句结构则是每个学习者必须掌握的基本句型。本文
将详细阐述这两种结构,以便帮助读者更好地理解英语语法。
Part One:倒装句结构
倒装句结构是指在英语语法中,有些语句的主谓语调换位置,
即将谓语动词放在主语之前。这种句式在正常的语法中较少使用,主要用于强调语句的某个部分,或者是使某种语气更加突出。
1.全倒装
全倒装是最常见的倒装形式,根据句中的情况,全倒装可以细
分为以下几种类型:
(1)助动词加在主语前
例如:Are you sure about that?(你对此确信吗?)
(2)谓语动词前有否定词
例如:Never have I been so happy in my life.(我一生中从未如此开心。)
(3)表示地点、时间或者原因的短语放在句首时
例如:In the middle of the room stood a table.(屋子中央放着一张桌子。)
(4)以only开头的句子
例如:Only when he arrived did I realize how much I missed him.(他到了才让我意识到我有多想念他。)
2.部分倒装
在一些情况下,只有句中的某些成分需要进行倒装,这种形式就叫部分倒装。部分倒装的几种常见形式如下:
(1)否定短语位于句首
例如:Not only does he speak English, but he also speaks fluent French.(他不仅能说英语,而且还能说流利的法语。)
倒装及强调和省略句
Child as he was, he lived on himself. ________________ Smart as he is (尽管他很聪明), he can’t find the answer to the question.(2004) ___________________________( Great as the difficulties are 尽管困难重重), we must do our best to succeed.(2008) Scarce as they are, water resources have been severely wasted and polluted.(2009)
②O代表only+状语从句;NU代表Not until+ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时,倒装主句 而不倒装从句,即:“主倒从不倒”。如: 1)Only when he told me did I know it. 2)Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. No sooner…than…,Hardly/ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如: No sooner(Hardly) had we reached home than(when)it began to rain.
倒装强调省略
3. only 放句首时,引起部分倒装。三种情况: 副词:then,yesterday... only + 介词短语:by this means, in this way... 时间状语从句when Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only in this way can you solve the problem. Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home. 注: 1. 主句倒装, 从句不倒装 2. only+主语置于句首时, 不倒装 Only Wang Li knows this.
2、方位副词there, here,off, away, out, in, up, down, over, back等,时间副词now, then等位于句首时, 谓语动词常be/come/go/lie/ stand/sit /rush/run, 要全 部倒装。 Here comes the bus. Then came the time we had been looking forward to. 注: 主语是代词则不用倒装 Here you are. 3、表地点的介词词组位于句首时,要全倒装。 On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor‟s voice.
英语倒装、强调和省略语法点
倒装、强调和省略
倒装Inversion
英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为:主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语(或表语)+ (状语等附加成分)。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装
1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头,或者方位副词、介词短语放在句
首时,主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如:here, back, down, off, in, up,hence, then, thus, often, so,out, up, away, on等,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。主语为主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了!
Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!
2. 以there开头,表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构;在正式文体中,当主语不明确是一个很长的名词短语时,用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.
第二十二章省略和倒装
第二十二章省略和倒装
第二十二章省略和倒装
一、省略
1、概述
为了避免重复,省略句子的一个或几个句子成分,使语句简练,结构紧凑,收到一定的修辞效果,这种语法现象称为省略。
2、不用替代词的省略
(1)省掉主语
(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。
(It) Sounds like a good idea.听起来是一个好主意。
(I) See you later.回头见。
(I) Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
(2)省略谓语或谓语的一部分
They learn French and we (learn) English.他们学法语,我们学英语。
(Is there ) Anything I can do for you ? 要我帮忙吗?
Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few (are) to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
He is a teacher, and his wife (is ) a doctor.他是位教师,他的妻子是一名医生。
(3)省略表语
-Are you a teacher? 你是教师吗?
-Yes, I am (a teacher).是的,我是。
(4)省略宾语
This is the book (that) I'm looking for.这是我正在找的书。
英语特殊句式-倒装句,省略句,强调句
★特殊句式★
倒装(1)
一、倒装
倒装句可分以下三种:
(1) 动词 + 主词
(2) 助动词(do, does, did) + 主词 + 原形动词 (一般疑问句的句型)
(3) 助动词(will, can, should) + 主词 + 原形动词
(1) 否认字放句首
否认字 + ⎩⎨⎧+++原形动词主词助动词主词
动词be be 动词才能拿到主词前面,一般动词要在主词
前面加助动词。
否认字就是从中文解释去判断其是否有否认的意思,Never 绝不,hardly 几乎不。
1.He is never late for school. => Never is he late for school.
本句的late 是形容词,它跟在表示状态的be 动词后面。
否认字在句首的时候,后面要接倒装句。
He never goes to school late. => Never does he go to school late.
本句的late 是否次,它修饰一般动词goes 。
翻译:他上学从不迟到。 late 形容词和副词都是一样的写法,所以说上学不迟到有以上两种说法。
倒装句中,一般动词不能放在主词前面,主词前面只能用助动词且动词要变成原形。
2.He rarely tells a joke. => Rarely does he tell a joke.
翻译:他很少说笑话。
rarely 是个否认的频率副词,表“很少的〞。
3.I have never seen such beautiful scenery.
=> Never have I seen such beautiful scenery.
省略、倒装用法归纳
倒装结构&省略句
(一)倒装的基本用法:英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
(1) up, down, in, away, off, out, here, there, now, then等副词置于句首,主语是名词而不是人称代词时,用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn.
Out rushed the boys.
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
Away flew the birds.
注意:当代词作主语时,只把该副词提前,主谓语序不变。
Here it is.
In he comes.
(2) 表示地点,方向等的介词短语放于句首,并且谓语为不及物动词,如:sit ,live, stand, run, come等,主语为名词时,用完全倒装。
Through the window came in the sweet music.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
(3) 表语置于句首时,使用倒装结构“表语+连系动词+主语”。
<1>形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
英语干货!一文掌握倒装和省略,高考复习好资料!
英语干货!一文掌握倒装和省略,高考复习好资料!
倒装
倒装用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装
完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部放在主语之前。常用于以下情况:
1. now, then, here, there, out, in, away等副词位于句首时。例如:
Here is the book you want.
2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。例如:
In front of the door stands a fierce dog.
【注意】在here, there等开头的句子中,主语为代词时不需倒装。例如:
Here you are.
部分倒装
部分倒装是将谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放在主语之前。常用于以下情况:
1. “only + 副词、介词短语或状语从句等”位于句首时。例如:
Only by working hard can you succeed.
2. never, seldom, little, hardly, nor, neither等含有否定意义的词位于句首时。例如:
Never before have I seen such a bright moon.
3. not until, not only, no sooner等位于句首时。例如:
Not until Mrs Tian told me the news did I know that Mr Li had left our company.
【注意】
◆ not until位于句首引出的主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。例如:
英语中的倒装、强调和省略
英语中的倒装、强调和省略
倒装 Inversion
英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语(或表语) + (状语等附加成分)。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装
1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头,或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时,主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如:here, back, down, off, in, up,hence, then, thus, often, so,out, up, away, on等,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。主语为主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了!
Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!
2. 以there开头,表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构;在正式文体中,当主语不明确或是一个很长的名词短语时,用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.
倒装和省略、主谓一致
倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。若谓语的部分或全部位于主语之前,这就构成了倒装结构。英语的倒装语序分为两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装:就是把全部谓语动词放在主语之前,主要用于以下几种情况。
1.在以here, there, now, then或out, in, up, down, below, above, away, over, off等副词开头的
句子里,表示强调或表达生动。
Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.
Out rushed the children. Now comes your turn.
但主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变
Here it is. Away he went.
2.直接引语的一部分或全部防于句首
“What does the word mean?” asked the boy.
若引述动词的主语为代词,一般不倒装。
“I don’t agree with you.” She said.
3.因句子主语较长或为了使上下文紧密衔接时
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
4.为强调表语,把表语位于句首构成倒装结构:表语+ 系动词+ 主语
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
Around the fire were over 30 students and their teacher.
2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题:倒装句和省略句(含答案)
重难点分析
一、倒装句
倒装句主要考查以下几个方面:
◆含有否定意味的词置于句首,用部分倒装;
◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首,用部分倒装;
◆so/such…that句型中,“so+形容词/副词”提前,用部分倒装;
◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首,要用完全倒装。
1. 倒装句用法一览表:
分
类
倒装条件及相关句型结构例句
There be…句型There are many students in our school. 我们学校有
很多学生。
表地点的介词短语置于句首:地点状语+谓语(be, lie, sit等)+主语Near the river is/stands a pine tree. 河的附近有一棵松树。
here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首Out rushed the boy. 这个男孩冲了出去。Then came the teacher. 接着老师进来了。
直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句倒装:“…,”said/asked sb.“You had better stay at home,” said my mother. “你最好待在家。”我妈说。
完
全
倒
装
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持Fastened to the pole is the national flag. 系在杆子上
句子平衡的是国旗。
We saw a house, in front of which stood a tall tree.
我们看到了一所房子,房子前面有一棵高高的树。
省略和倒装
倒装
一、概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序
倒装句分为:
完全倒装:整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装:只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Our teacher came in.(正常) In came our teacher.
这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is. Away he went.
注意:这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
2. now, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
Then came 8 years of the Anti- Japanese War.
3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man
B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat
D. sat a fat man
4. 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
高考英语总复习-倒装句与省略句用法
倒装句与省略句用法
第一、倒装句用法
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了!
There lived an old man in the village.村里有一位老汉。
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush,march等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.房前停一辆警车。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只小船,他们乘着来到这个小岛。
Under the tree sat a boy.树下坐着一个小男孩。
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
“What does it mean?” asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1、否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom 等。
高中英语语法特殊句式(倒装、省略、强调)
10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部(quánbù) 倒装) 1)May you succeed / be happy! 2) Long live the People’s Republic of China!
精品资料
省略 ellipsis
精品资料
省略 定义 为了避免重复(chóngfù),突出关键词语,并使上 下文紧密连接,在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句 子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。省略是重要的修 辞原则,因此,只要不损害语法结构,不产生歧异, 能省略的就应省略。
精品资料
4.为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语), 或为了使上下文紧密衔接时,将状语提前。(全部(quánbù)倒 装) 1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.
精品资料
9.在no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…but also句型中, 前 面的句子要部分(bùfen)倒装。 1)No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. 2) Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 注意: not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语时不倒装 Not only he but also I went to the Park.
倒装句和省略句
(一)倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要,主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in?/Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、为了强调某一部分,而把这部分放到句首,构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
(二)倒装的使用情况
1、在“there be” 结构里,there是引导词,主语在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?/What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里(要用一般现在时态)。如果主语是人称代词,主语和主要动词的词序不变。(完全倒装)
e.g. There goes the bell./Here is an apple for you./There she comes.
4、重复倒装句型,用在以so, nor, neither开头,表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同样也不,也不这样”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
省略与倒装句解析
省略与倒装句解析
省略与倒装句是英语语法中的两个重要概念,它们在句子结构和语言表达上扮演着重要的角色。本文旨在解析省略与倒装句的用法、特点以及在实际应用中的例子。
一、省略的概念与作用
省略指的是在句子表达中省略掉某些成分,但由于语境的限制,读者或听者仍能准确理解完整的意思。省略的作用在于简化句子结构,使语言更加简洁、流畅,同时也提供了更多的表达方式。
1. 主语省略:当主语在上下文中已经明确指出时,可以在句子中省略主语,只保留谓语。例如:“Are you ready?” → “Ready?”
2. 动词省略:当前后两个句子的谓语动词相同且无需重复时,可以省略后一个句子的谓语动词。例如:“I can swim. He can swim.” → “I can swim. He can too.”
3. 宾语省略:当宾语在上下文中已经明确指出时,可以在句子中省略宾语,只保留动词。例如:“Did you eat an apple?” → “Did you eat?”
二、省略句的特点与实例
省略句的特点是简洁、直接,但需要根据语境进行理解。以下是几种常见的省略句以及对应的完整表达:
1. Let’s go.(Let us go.)→ 让我们走吧。
2. Can I have a coffee?(Can I have a cup of coffee?)→ 我可以来杯
咖啡吗?
3. I love reading, and my sister does too.(...my sister loves reading too.)→ 我喜欢阅读,我姐姐也一样。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
1、Not until the early years of the 19th century _________what heat is.
A、man did know
B、man knew
C、didn’t man know
D、did man know
【解题分析】not until意为“直到……才”,后面的句子要用倒装语序。句意为:“直到19世纪早期,人们才认识到热是什么。”
2、Mary doesn’t speak French, and ____________ does John.
A、either
B、so
C、no
D、neithe
【解题分析】neither用在句首表示“……也不”时,句子用倒装语序。正确答案:D
3、On the wall _______________some famous paintings.
A、am
B、is
C、are
D、be
【解题分析】[正确答案:C句意:墙上有一些著名的油画。在主谓倒装的句子中,动词的单复式形式应和它后面的主语在数上保持一致。
4、—Did you finish doing your homework in time? —I am afraid _______.
A、doing
B、so
C、no
D、not
【解题分析】正确答案:D I am afraid not表示“恐怕不能”的意思。
5、If you go to the park tomorrow morning, _________.
A、so will he
B、so he will
C、so he does
D、so does he
【解题分析】正确答案:A这是—个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句,条件状语从句中谓语用—般现在时,主句的谓语常用—般将来时,故C和D被排除。主句所表示的意义是“他也将去。”因此,主句的主语和if条件状语从句中的主语所做的事—致,主谓要倒装。
6、—Hello, Zhu Hua. I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year. —__________!
A、What time flies
B、How time flies
C、What does time fly
D、How does time fly
【解题分析】正确答案:B how time flies=how fast time flies“时间过得真快”。因为被感叹的部分是副词fast,因此感叹词用how,感叹句需用陈述语序。
7、Never before that night _________ the extent of my own power.
A、had I felt
B、I felt
C、did I feel
D、I had felt
【解题分析】正确答案:A. never before that…意为“直到……才……”,常与完成时态连用。never放在句首时,后面的语序要部分倒装。句意为:“直到那天晚上我才意识到我的权力范围。”
8、During the war, __________but also he lost his wife and his child
A、not was his job in the lab taken away
B、not only was his job in the lab taken away
C、not merely his job in the lab was taken away
D、not just was taken away his job in the lab
【解题分析】正确答案:B not only. . . but also连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,该分句主谓部分倒装。
9、—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. —____________.
A、Same with me
B、So do I
C、Nor am I
D、Neither would I
【解题分析】正确答案:D neither用在句首表示“……也不”时,句子用倒装语序;而且要使用与上文相同的助动词。
10、Hardly had she walked out of the woods __________ she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
A、than
B、until
C、since
D、when
【解题分析】正确答案:D hardly. . . when. . . 表示“一……就”。注意,主句主谓要用部分倒装。
11、Little _______________ that the district was very rich in resources.
A、we suspected
B、we did suspect
C、did we suspect
D、do we suspect
【解题分析】正确答案:C little意为“很少,几乎没有”放在句首表示强调时,其后的语序要用倒装。句意为:“我们从未怀疑过这个地区资源很丰富。”
12、My cousin read a history book. _______.
A、So John does
B、So did John
C、So does John
D、So John did
【解题分析】正确答案:B此句为—般过去时,应用助动词did完成,故选B。
13、Only when one is away from home ____________ how nice home is.
A、he realizes
B、does he realizes
C、does he realize
D、he will realize
【解题分析】正确答案:C only用在句首修饰状语时句子倒装。
14、He is strict in everything and strict with everyone. __________.
A、My father is always such
B、My father is always so a strict man
C、Such is my father
D、So a strict man is my father 【解题分析】正确答案:C 当such作句子的表语,位于句首代替上文情况时,句子通常用倒装语序。
15、—You seem to like sweets. —________.
A、So do I
B、So I do
C、So am I
D、So I am
【解题分析】正确答案:B本题考查句型“So+主语+助动词”与“So+助动词+主语”的区别。—些考生对这两种结构混淆不清,以致误选:“So+主语+助动词”作“的确如此”解,是对上文所言之事的进—步肯定,本题译作“你好像喜欢吃糖”,“我就是这样”。故选B。而“So+助动词+(另—个)主语”作“…也是如此”解,表示上文所言同样适合另—个人或物,如:I like sweets, and so does Lucy. 我喜欢吃糖,露西也是如此。
16、Li Xin thinks Yao Ming is becoming the most famous basketball player in the world. _________.