英语一(2)
全国研究生考试英语(一)和(二)考试大纲2022版
全国研究生考试英语(一)和(二)考试大纲2022版全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2022年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)理解文章的论证方法，比较不同观点。
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（2）1. 英语在研究生招生考试中往往是很多理工科考生心中的痛，因为英语这一科考试科目的复习内容是没有上限的，所以考生在复习过程中也经常无从下手，那么接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析，快来看看吧！Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles，shopping bags，and other trash litter the planet，from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench， because plastics are everywhere and don＇t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They ＂weep＂out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions，such as museums，trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying： early radios， avant-garde sculptures，celluloid animation stills from Disney films，the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn＇t always know how to mix ingredients properly，says Thea van Oosten， a polymer chemist who，until retiring a few years ago，worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. ＂It＇s like baking a cake： If you don＇t have exact amounts. itgoes wrong.＂ She says. ＂The object you make is already a time bomb.＂And sometimes， it＇s not the artist＇s fault. In the 1960s，the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright，colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen ＂nature carpets＂–large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins，cabbages，and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets –which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately， the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. It＇s especially vulnerable to light damage， and by the mid-1990s，Gilardi＇s pumpkins，roses，and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi＇s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals ＂sunscreens＂because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again，albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten＇s， preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse，biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate，are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira，an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology，notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age， Iron Age， and so on-after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic， she says，＂and what we decide to collect today，what we decide to preserve. …will have a strong impact on how in the future we＇ll be seen.＂21.【题干】According to Paragraph 1， museums are faced with difficulties in_____.【选项】A.maintaining their plastic itemsB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections【答案】A22.【题干】Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are_____.【选项】A.immune to decayB.improperly shapedC.inherently flawedplex in structure【答案】C23.【题干】Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi＇s artworks to_____.【选项】A.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.have their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage【答案】D24.【题干】The author thinks that preservation of plastics is_____.【选项】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D25.【题干】In Ferreira＇s opinion，preservation of plastic artifacts_____.【选项】A.will inspire future scientific researchB.has profound historical significanceC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today＇s cultural life【答案】BText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options，it may be worth considering just how the point， purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school， got a decent degree， you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal，they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. T oday， 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles； a percentage which is double the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree，but， rather stress that a degree is not for everyone， that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully， there are signs that this is already happening，with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors，even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route， consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists，it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree， it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21； they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile，relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this generation due to the pressures of technology，the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education， and not just knowledge gained on campus， will be a core part of Generation Z＇s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense：I am a geographer＇or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing；it＇s as if they already know that their degree won＇t define them in the same way.26.【题干】The author suggests that Generation Z should_____.【选项】A.be careful in choosing a collegeB.be diligent at each educational stageC.reassess the necessity of college educationD.postpone their undergraduate application【答案】C27.【题干】The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect_____.【选项】lennial’s opinions about workB.the shrinking value of a degreeC.public discontent with educationD.the desired route of social mobility【答案】B28.【题干】The author considers it a good sign that_____.【选项】A.Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeB.school leavers are willing to be skilled workersC.employers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD.parents are changing their minds about education【答案】C29.【题干】It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should_____.【选项】A.make an early decision on their careerB.attend on the job training programsC.team up with high-paid postgraduatesD.further their studies in a specific field【答案】D30.【题干】What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs？【选项】A.Lifelong learning will define them.B.They will make qualified educators.C.Depress will no longer appeal them.D.They will have a limited choice of jobs.【答案】AText 3Enlightening， challenging， stimulating， fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experience of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an accompanying poll said，they had collaborated with artists：and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging results is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists to help them communicate their work to new audiences. ＂Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning.＂ One respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the scenes came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi＇s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season-provided by Monash University＇s Climate Change Communication Research Hub. The performance was a creative call to action ahead of November＇s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow， UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artist than scientists responded to the Nature poll， however，several respondents noted that artists do not simply assistscientists with their communication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project， are able to jointly design it and can critique each other＇s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art. More than half a century ago，the Massachusetts Institute of Technology opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies （CAVS）to explore the role of technology in culture. The founders deliberately focused their projects around light-hence the ＂visual studies＂ in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in， and therefore could form the basis of collaboration. As science and technology progressed， and divided into more sub-disciplines， the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists，writers and poets， and vice versa.Nature＇s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever， but， to make a collaboration work， both sides need to invest time， and embrace surprise and challenge. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication， and participants. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention， and challenge and critique are core to both， too.31.【题干】According to paragraph 1，art-science collaborations have_____.【选项】A.caught the attention of criticsB.received favorable responsesC.promoted academic publishingD.sparked heated public disputes【答案】B32.【题干】The reworked version of The Four Seasons is mentioned to show that_____.【选项】A.art can offer audiences easy access to scienceB.science can help with the expression of emotionsC.public participation in science has a promising futureD.art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations【答案】A33.【题干】Some artists seem to worry about in the art-science partnership_____.【选项】A.their role may be underestimatedB.their reputation may be impairedC.their creativity may be inhibitedD.their work may be misguided【答案】A34.【题干】What does the author say about CAVS？ _____.【选项】A.It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.B.It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.C.Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.D.Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.【答案】B35.【题干】In the last paragraph， the author holds that art-science collaborations_____.【选项】A.are likely to go beyond public expectationsB.will intensify interdisciplinary competitionC.should do more than communicating science.D.are becoming more popular than before【答案】CText 4The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand＇s Employment Relations Act 2000 （ERA）prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead. dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from ＂unjustified dismissals＂. The premise was that the common law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest， constraining firms from firing poorly performing. high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk，to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers， those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers＇ wages. Indeed， in ＂An International Perspective on New Zealand＇s Productivity Paradox＂（2014）. The Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country＇s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee， employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall well-being.Across the Tasman Sea， Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified ＂high-income threshold＂from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand， a 2016 private members＇Bill tried to permit firms and high-income employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However，the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.【题干】The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to _____.【选项】A.punish dubious corporate practicesB.improve traditional hiring proceduresC.exempt employers from certain dutiesD.protect the rights of ordinary workers【答案】D37.【题干】It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that the provisions may_____ .【选项】A.hinder business developmentB.undermine managers＇ authorityC.affect the public image of the firmsD.worsen labor-management relations【答案】A38.【题干】Which of the following measures would be the Productivity Commission support？【选项】A.Imposing reasonable wage restraints.B.Enforcing employment protection lawsC.Limiting the powers of business owners.D.Dismissing poorly performing managers.【答案】D39.【题干】What might be an effect of ERA＇s unjustified dismissal procedures？ _____【选项】A.Highly paid managers lose their jobs.B.Employees suffer from salary cuts.C.Society sees a rise in overall well-being.D.Employers need to hire new staff.【答案】B40.【题干】It can be inferred that the ＂high-income threshold＂ in Australia _____.【选项】A.has secured managers＇ earningsB.has produced undesired resultsC.is beneficial to business ownersD.is difficult to put into practice【答案】CPart BDirections： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Teri Byrd_____（41）I was a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you ＂enhance＂enclosures，they do not allow for freedom， a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions，and it＇s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.Karen R. Sime_____（42）As a zoology professor， I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas，wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows canhelp stir children＇s interest in conservation，they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense， immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos＇treatment of animals with their educational potential.Greg Newberry_____（43）Emma Marris＇s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organization committed to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies？ Of course. But they are the exception not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.Dean Gallea_____（44）As a fellow environmentalist animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian. I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity so serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful wild creatures close to home many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are in that sense similar to natural history and archeology museums serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbedin their natural environments.John Fraser_____（45）Emma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature and the data points extracted from our studies.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals from drone bees to springbok or salmon to better understand the natural world we live in.41.【题干】41._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】F42.【题干】42._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】C43.【题干】43._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】A44.【题干】44._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】D45.【题干】45._____.【选项】A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would leadto inhumane outcomes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy， zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats， zoos offer the best altemative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals＇ wellbeing.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.【答案】G考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试，初试主要是笔试，科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合，不同专业的考试科目是不一样的；复试是笔试和面试相结合，其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200lawOne idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on imp roving firms’ effi ciency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.整个世界范围内，律师比起其他任何职业的人员引起更多的敌意--可能除了新闻业人员。
（完整版）2019考研英语一真题及参考答案（2）
（完整版）2019考研英语⼀真题及参考答案（2）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones.1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you4 can’t find north, a few tricks may help you navigate5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area of land, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights – you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can20 you to civilization.英语（⼀）试题-1-（共14 页）1. A. Few B. Most C. Some D. All2. A. put B. take C. run D. come3. A. Since B. Until C. Though D. If4. A. formally B. literally C. gradually D. relatively5. A. around B. away C. back D. next6. A. onto B. along C. across D. off7. A. unattractive B. unfamiliar C. unchanged D. uncrowded8. A. way B. point C. site D. place9. A. Instead B. Yet C. So D. Besides10. A. immediately B. eventually C. unexpectedly D. intentionally11. A. frightened B. annoyed C. surprised D. confused12. A. problem B. result C. view D. option13. A. Above all B. For example C. On average D. In contrast14. A. spot B. avoid C. bridge D. separate15. A. from B. under C. beyond D. through16. A. posts B. breaks C. shades D. links17. A. hidden B. mysterious C. artificial D. limited18. A. Finally B. Consequently C. Incidentally D. Generally19. A. memories B. belongings C. notes D. marks20. A. lead B. adapt C. restrict D. exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)英语（⼀）试题-2-（共14 页）Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in pu blicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat th em at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterl y profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism.”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.英语（⼀）试题-3-（共14 页）21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is toA. guarantee the bonuses of top executives.B. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility.C. build a new system of financial regulation.D. help corporations achieve larger profits.22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the solid structure of publicly traded companies.B. governments’ impatience in decision-making.C. the conditions for generating quick profits.D. “short-termism” in economic activities.23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can beA. minimal.B. indirect.C. adverse.D. temporary.24. The US and France examples are used to illustrateA. the approaches to promoting “long-termism.”B. the prevalence of short-term thinking.C. the significance of long-term thinking.D. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism.”25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesB. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismC. Patience as a Corporate VirtueD. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers英语（⼀）试题-4-（共14 页）Text 2Grade inflation –the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades –is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force – a policy often buried deep in course ca talogs called “grade forgiveness”– is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overal l GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.“Ultimately,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention –so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students – who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill – feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible – or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.英语（⼀）试题-5-（共14 页）26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. Colleges’ neglect of GPAs.B. The influence of consumer culture.C. Students’ indifference to GPAs.D. The change of course catalogs.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. To maintain colleges’ graduation rates.B. To increase universities’ income from tuition.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.28. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges toA. obtain more financial support.B. improve their teaching quality.C. boost their student enrollments.D. meet local governments’ needs.29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each other.B. To be contradictory to each other.C. To be identical with each other.D. To complement each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA. assessing its feasibility.B. listing its long-run effects.C. comparing different views on it.D. analyzing the causes behind it.英语（⼀）试题-6-（共14 页）Text 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “Westworld” and “Humans.”Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example,poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.英语（⼀）试题-7-（共14 页）31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because itA. involves some concerns raised by AI today.B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. fascinates AI scientists all over the world.D. has sparked serious ethical controversies.32. In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. is too limited for us to reproduce it.C. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.D. can be misleading to robot making.33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. has aroused much curiosity.C. is still beyond our capacity.D. causes little public concern.34. The author’s attitude toward Google’s pledges is one ofA. contempt.B. skepticism.C. respect.D. affirmation.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableB. Frankenstein,the Novel Predicting the Age of AIC. AI’s Future: In the Hands of Tech GiantsD. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control英语（⼀）试题-8-（共14 页）Text 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the s tates,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited s tates’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to./doc/1fe862be9c3143323968011ca300a6c30c22f1b3.html , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”英语（⼀）试题-9-（共14 页）36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday willA. put most online businesses in a dilemma.B. force some states to cut sales tax.C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax.D. better businesses’ relations with states.37. It can be learned from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisionsA. were widely criticized by online purchasers.B. have cost consumers a lot over the years.C. have led to the dominance of e-commerce.D. were considered unfavorable by states.38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule hasA. hindered economic development.B. harmed fair market competition.C. boosted growth in states’ revenue.D. brought prosperity to the country.39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling?A. Big-chain owners.B. Third-party sellers.C. Internet entrepreneurs.D. Small retailers.40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the authorA. presents its main points with conflicting views on them.B. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences.C. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications.D. describes the long and complicated process of its making.英语（⼀）试题-10-（共14 页）Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41–45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A–G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. These tools can help you win every argument – not in the unhelpful sense ofbeating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments –from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect and understanding – then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegiewrote: “There is only one way… to get the best of an argument – and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives –and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.C. None of this will be easy, but you can start even if others refuse to. Next timeyou state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view.Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially.Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.英语（⼀）试题-11-（共14 页）D. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be carefulnot to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weaknesses in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.E. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing theminimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,”neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty.Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time.Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation asa fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t getcaught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win – in one way.G. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we oftenthink of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions –like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.41.→42.→F→ 43.→ 44.→C→45.英语（⼀）试题-12-（共14 页）Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science pub lished? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.英语（⼀）试题-13-（共14 页）Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary Schools” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; u se “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160–200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)途中英语（⼀）试题-14-（共14 页）2019年全国硕⼠研究⽣招⽣考试○英语（⼀）试题参考答案○Ⅰ．英语知识运⽤1. A2. C3. D4. B5. C6. D7. B8. A9. C 10. B11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. AⅡ．阅读理解A节21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. BB节41. B 42. G 43. E 44. D 45. AC节46. 医学期刊中充斥着这类⽆稽之谈，这些东西⼀经⼴播和⾮专业报刊传播，就会引起健康⽅⾯的恐慌和对某些饮⾷的短暂追捧。
英语1(2)试题及答案Y学03-04
1．A2．C 3．B 4．A5．B6．A7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A10．WherewouldthewomanliketOgO to? ：A．The south．·B．The north．C．The east．三、理解段落(10分) ，你将听到一段对话，请根对对话判断下列句子是否符合对话内容。
符合的选择T(True)，不符合的选择F(False)，并在答题纸上圈出该项。
对话前后各有30秒钟的停顿，以便阅读问题并核对答案。
对话读两遍。
11．Janehasalreadytalked tO alotOfpeople．/T12．PhiliphasjUStgotanewjObandheisveryhappy．/F13．Emily works as a translator in Germany．/T14．Emily will come back and stay in Britain．/F15．Tim is much tallerthanJane．/T第二部分：英语知识运用(40分)四、选择填空(20分)阅读下面的句子和对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上圈出该项。
16．Did you——early this morning?/AA．get UpB．got UpC．getting up17·——stole his camera while he is lying On the beach．/B A．AnyoneB．SomeoneC Everyone18The baby is named——the nurse who was looking after her．/C A．withB．forC aher19． Afterthey hnished——fOOtball，theywent fOra drink ina pub．/A A．playngB． tO playC．play20．Shewillhavethecurtain(窗帘)——beforetheguestscome．/BA．tO be ChangedB；ChangedC．Changing21， Shall we——a“me fOr our next meeting?/CA．makeB． decideC． fix22 I have no idea whO st01e his wallet． It——anyone．/AA．COUld have beenB．ShOUld have beenC。
2006年考研英语(一)阅读 text 2精读精讲
2006年考研英语(一)阅读text 2精读精讲全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Text 2 is Super Interesting and Kind of Confusing!Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about this reading passage called Text 2 that was on a really hard test called the graduate entrance exam in China way back in 2006. The test was for grown-ups who wanted to go to graduate school to learn even more after college. Can you believe how smart they must be to take a test like that? I'm just a kid but I'll do my best to explain the passage to you. It's not easy but I'll try!The passage is all about these things called "megacities" which are super huge cities with like millions and millions of people living there. The author starts by saying megacities are becoming more and more common around the world, especially in poorer countries. He says almost half the world's people now live in cities! That's just crazy to me because where I live it's pretty small with not that many people. Could you imagine living in a city with like 20 million people? That would be so crowded and loud and smoggy. No thanks!Anyway, the author says these megacities create lots of problems but can also create opportunities if they are planned properly. He talks about problems like traffic jams, lack of affordable housing, too much air pollution, and not having enough infrastructure like roads, hospitals and schools for everyone. Just thinking about some of those problems makes my head hurt. How do people live like that every day?But the author also says megacities can lead to more jobs, education chances, and economic growth if they have good leadership and urban planning. He gives an example of this city called Dhaka in Bangladesh that didn't have great planning at first but is trying to improve transportation and housing to accommodate all the people moving there for jobs. That makes sense because with more people, you need more roads and houses and stuff. Duh!Then the author spends some time talking about how historically cities were Founded near water sources like rivers or oceans because people needed water to survive. He says megacities today still need access to fresh water but have to find creative ways to get it due to their massive populations. Some examples he gives are digging deep underground to find aquifers, desalinating sea water, or building pipelines to bring inwater from far away. That all sounds pretty complicated to me. I just use the sink at home!Later in the passage, the author discusses these environmental problems that megacities face like air pollution, lack of green space, traffic gridlock, and mountains of trash. Yuck! He talks about efforts some cities are making to reduce pollution by improving public transit, preserving parks and open spaces, and better managing waste disposal. The author seems hopeful that these initiatives can help offset the environmental damage if executed properly. I sure hope so because pollution is no fun!Towards the end, the passage mentions how megacities are often the leading contributors to a country's economy and culture. The author gives examples of finance districts in cities attracting businesses and entertainment/arts areas making cities cultural hubs. That tracks because big cities have more people, jobs, venues and stuff going on. It does make me wonder though how small towns and rural areas survive if everything is socity-centric.Finally, the author argues that continued growth of megacities is inevitable in our globalizing, urbanizing world. However, he cautions that excessive, disorderly growth could lead to disaster for the environment and quality of life. Theauthor says proactive planning and investment in infrastructure by governments is needed to create sustainable, livable megacities. Phew, that's a mouthful! I think he's just saying we need to be really careful and plan ahead properly so these giant cities don't become nightmares for people and the planet.Well, I tried my best to summarize and explain that passage about megacities as simply as I could. Not going to lie, some parts were still pretty confusing and over my head. But I learned a lot about the challenges and opportunities of these massive, crowded cities that so many people live in worldwide. They seem like fascinating yet scary places all at the same time. While I wouldn't want to live in a megacity, I have a newfound appreciation for the urban planning and sustainable development needed to make them livable. It's crazy to think how quickly the world is urbanizing!Anyway, that's my elementary take on Text 2 from the 2006 graduate exam reading section. Like I said, not an easy read for a kid like me but I gave it my best shot. Let me know if any adults out there have any other insights to share! I'll be over here chilling in my quiet little town without 20 million neighbors. No megacity livin' for this kid!篇2Title: The Strange Life of PlasticHi there, friends! Today we're going to talk about something super interesting - plastic! Plastic is everywhere around us, from the toys we play with to the bottles we drink from. But did you know that plastic has a really weird and wacky life? Let me tell you all about it!Plastic starts off as a gooey liquid made from oil, natural gas, or other materials found deep in the earth. This liquid gets mixed with different chemicals and then heated up until it turns into a thick, stretchy substance called "resin." The resin can be squished and squeezed into all sorts of shapes and sizes to make different plastic products.One of the coolest things about plastic is that it can be made into pretty much anything you can imagine! Toys, bottles, bags, furniture, even parts for cars and airplanes. Plastic is like a super special type of dough that can be molded and baked into whatever you need.But here's where things get really weird. After we use plastic products, most of them get thrown away. And when plastic gets thrown away, it doesn't just disappear! It sticks around for a really, really, really long time. You see, plastic is made from materials that don't break down easily in nature. So even afterhundreds of years, that plastic bottle or toy you threw away will still be hanging around somewhere on our planet!This is a big problem because all that plastic waste ends up polluting our oceans, forests, and other natural areas. It can be really harmful to animals and plants that get tangled up in or accidentally eat the plastic. Yuck!But don't worry, there are some smart people working hard to find ways to reuse and recycle plastic so that it doesn't end up as waste. Some plastic products can be melted down and turned into new plastic items, which is super cool! And scientists are even figuring out how to make plastic from plant-based materials instead of oil and gas, which could help reduce waste.So you see, plastic has a really funky life cycle. It starts off as a gooey liquid, gets turned into all kinds of awesome products, but then often ends up as trash that hangs around for way too long. But if we're careful about how we use and dispose of plastic, we can make sure it stays out of nature and doesn't cause any harm.Isn't plastic just the weirdest? I hope you learned something new and interesting about this strange, squishy, super useful material today. Let's all do our part to make sure plastic has a happy and healthy life, without causing too much of a mess!篇3Text 2 from the Big Test was Tough!Hey friends! I just took the big English test to try and get into graduate school and boy was it hard. There was this really long reading passage called Text 2 that I had to read and answer questions about. Let me tell you all about it!The passage was about these two scientist guys named Binnig and Rohrer. They were working at this place called IBM in the 1980s. IBM is this huge company that makes computers and stuff. Anyway, Binnig and Rohrer invented this crazy new microscope called the scanning tunneling microscope or STM for short.Before they invented the STM, scientists could only use regular microscopes to look at really tiny things like germs and cells. But there was a limit to how small they could see with those old microscopes. Binnig and Rohrer's STM let them look at things that were even smaller than germs - they could see individual atoms!Atoms are these teeny tiny particles that everything is made of. They're so small that you could fit millions of them across the width of a human hair. Pretty crazy, right? With their STM, Binnigand Rohrer were the first people ever to be able to look at individual atoms and see what they actually look like up close.The way the STM works is really cool. It has this tiny needle called a probe that gets so incredibly close to the surface of whatever you want to look at, like just a few atoms away. When the probe gets that close, electrons from the atoms on the surface can jump across the tiny gap to the probe.The STM can measure this flow of electrons jumping back and forth, which lets it figure out where all the individual atoms are and what they look like. It's kind of like the STM is feeling its way across the surface, atom by atom, with this tiny probe instead of using light like a normal microscope.By scanning across surfaces this way, the STM can create incredibly detailed pictures showing every single atom. That's why Binnig and Rohrer called it the "scanning tunneling microscope" - those electrons are like tunneling across from the surface to the probe.When they first invented the STM, Binnig and Rohrer used it to take pictures of a piece of gold. The images they got were amazing - you could clearly see all the individual gold atoms lined up in their crystal pattern. It was the first time anyone hadever seen what atoms actually look like up close and in 3D like that.After gold, Binnig and Rohrer used their STM to look at all kinds of other materials and surfaces down to the atomic level. This let scientists learn way more about how solids and materials are structured and how they behave. The STM totally revolutionized fields like chemistry, physics, material science, electronics, and nanotechnology.Nanotechnology is all about building stuff out of individual atoms and molecules, kind of like microscopic Lego bricks. With the STM letting them actually see and interact with atoms directly, scientists could start figuring out how to deliberately arrange atoms to create new materials and devices with crazy advanced properties.Some examples they talk about in the passage are stuff like super-thin wires, ultra-dense computer chips, catalysts to make chemical reactions happen better, and even hypothetical "molecular machines" made of atoms precisely arranged like tiny robotic parts. The possibilities of nanotechnology seem endless now that we can manipulate matter on the atomic scale.Binnig and Rohrer's STM was such an important and groundbreaking invention that in 1986, just a few years afterthey created it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics. That's like the highest honor a scientist can get! The Nobel committee said the STM "opened up a new field for the study of atomic geometry and processes in atomic dimensions."So in summary, these two scientists at IBM invented a special microscope that could finally let us humans directly see and study individual atoms for the very first time. That was a huge breakthrough that revolutionized our understanding of the atomic world and enabled the whole field of nanotechnology. No wonder I had so many questions about this passage on the test!Phew, I think I covered all the main points from Text 2. Thanks for letting me practice explaining it - writing this helped me understand the tough concepts better myself. Fingers crossed I did well enough on those comprehension questions to get into grad school! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇4Text 2 Time TravelersHello friends! Today we're gonna talk about something really cool - time travel! Doesn't that just sound awesome? Beingable to zip through time and see the past or future?Mind-blowing!This reading passage is all about people who claim they've actually time traveled. It's from a test grown-ups take to get into graduate school, so it's pretty serious stuff. But I'll do my best to explain it in a fun, easy-to-understand way. Strap in!It starts off by introducing two people - Al Bielek and Andrew Basiago. Al says he was part of a top secret government project in the 1980s that made him jump through time. Wild, right? He claims he time traveled to 2137 and saw apost-apocalyptic world devastated by war. Not exactly a vacation hotspot!Then there's Andrew. He says as a kid in the 1960s, he took part in a different wacky time travel program run by the government. Andrew reckons he went to the future and past loads of times, like visiting Abraham Lincoln and a million years in the future when the world had three suns. Three suns?! I can barely handle one on sunny days.The passage then brings up some other famous "time travelers" throughout history. Like the Chronovisor - a crazy attempt in the 1960s by the Vatican to create a viewing device that could see into the past. Their scientists apparently witnessedall kinds of historical scenes, from the crucifixion of Jesus to the parting of the Red Sea. God's own TiVo!It also mentions two British time travelers - Andrew Carlisle says he arrived in 2003 from 2256, while his buddy Jack had zapped back from 3812. I'll be honest, those years are so far away, my brain can't even comprehend it. What would the world be like hundreds or thousands of years from now? Hoverboards and jet packs for everyone?This reading then talks about how despite all these awesome claims of time travel, there's zero solid scientific evidence to prove it's possible. Most experts think it's all make-believe and delusions. Which is a bummer if you ask me! I want my own time machine to visit the dinosaurs.But the passage does leave a glimmer of hope. It says while modern physics suggests time travel is theoretically plausible through crazy concepts like wormholes and cosmic strings, the technology is way beyond our current capabilities. So maybe, just maybe, in the really far future we'll figure it out. A guy can dream, can't he?The reading wraps up by saying people are fascinated by the concept of exploring the fourth dimension of time, just like we've explored the three dimensions of space. Time travel has inspiredso many awesome sci-fi stories and movies over the decades. Who didn't love Back to the Future or Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure?At the end of the day, whether you believe the accounts of these self-proclaimed time travelers or not, the idea of manipulating the laws of physics and surfing through the timeline is just so darn cool. It sparks our imagination and dreams of what could be possible.So while I may not have an actual time machine to hop in today, I can curl up with a good book or movie and let my mind be transported across the centuries. Maybe one day we'll get there for real. A kid can hope, right? Alright, that's all I've got - thanks for sticking with me through this wild lesson on time travel claims!篇5Passage Title: The Awesome Story of Silk!Hi friends! Today I'm going to tell you an amazing story all about silk. Silk is that super smooth and shiny fabric that feels so nice. But where does it come from? Get ready to have your mind blown!A long, long time ago in ancient China, there were these cool little critters called silkworms. They look like tiny caterpillars, but way cuter. The silkworms would spin these crazy strong threads from a tiny hole in their mouth! Can you imagine that? Spinning thread out of your mouth? Wild!Anyway, these threads were made from a gooey liquid called silk fibroin that came from inside the silkworm's body. The threads would harden into this strong yet lightweight material we call silk. The Chinese people back then were like "Whoa, this silk stuff is awesome! We gotta do something with it."So they collected all the silk threads from the silkworms and wove it into a fabric. They made beautiful clothes, blankets, you name it! Silk was the best fabric around. It kept you warm but wasn't too hot. And it looked so fancy and pretty.For a really long time, the secret of making silk was safely guarded in China. Nobody else knew how to do it! The Chinese people were the only silk masters in the whole world. Other countries tried sneaking in to steal the secret, but no luck!Eventually, in the year 550 AD, a couple of sneaky monks decided to take the silk secret on a crazy road trip. They smuggled some silkworm eggs inside their walking sticks and set off towards the Byzantine Empire (which was like ancient Turkey).After an epic journey full of adventures, they finally made it! The monks showed the Byzantine people how to raise silkworms and make silk. From there, the silk-making magic spread across Asia and Europe.But you know what the craziest part is? Scientists studied how silkworms spin their silk threads and got inspired to recreate it! They figured out how to make artificial silk by dissolving certain proteins and spinning them, just like silkworms do naturally. How genius is that?These days, most of the silk products we use are made from artificial silk rather than silk from actual silkworms. But the process was invented by observing those amazing little creatures in the first place!So there you have it - the epic journey of silk from ancient China to modern times. Who knew those tiny silkworms and their magical threads would lead to such a huge industry? I sure didn't until I learned all about it. Silk is awesome!The End!Some key points I tried to cover:Describing what silkworms are and how they produce silk fibersExplaining how the ancient Chinese first discovered and utilized silkMentioning the silk trade secret being closely guarded in ChinaThe story of silk-making spreading from China to the Byzantine EmpireThe development of artificial/man-made silk fibers inspired by silkwormsWritten in a very casual, conversational child's tone full of excitementLet me know if you need any clarification or have additional requirements!篇6Text 2 is All About Kangaroos!Hey kids! Today we're going to learn about one of the coolest animals ever - kangaroos! These guys are really special and live way down under in a country called Australia.Kangaroos belong to the marsupial family. That's a fancy science word that means their babies are born very tiny and haveto finish growing inside a pouch on their mommy's belly. Wild, right? The mommy kangaroo is called a "doe" and the daddy is called a "buck." When a baby kangaroo is first born, it's called a jellybean because it's so small - only about an inch long! Can you believe that?The jellybean crawls into the mom's pouch right after being born. It's dark and warm in there, and the baby kangaroo drinks the mom's milk to help it grow big and strong over the next several months. Once it gets too big for the pouch, it will peek its head out and eventually leave the pouch behind when it's all grown up. Isn't nature amazing?Now let's talk about how kangaroos get around. Their backlegs are super powerful and built for hopping! They can hop really fast when they need to - up to 35 miles per hour! That's almost as fast as a race car. Their front legs are smaller and used for other things like grooming themselves, collecting food, andBoxingSing. Yes, you read that right - kangaroos fight by boxing with their little front paws! I wouldn't want to mess with them.Kangaroos are herbivores, which means they only eat plants like grasses, flowers, leaves, ferns and moss. They have special tummies to help them digest all that planty stuff. And get this -they don't need to drink much water! Kangaroos get most of the water they need from the plants they eat. Pretty cool adaptation for living in the hot, dry Australian Outback.These guys really are the kings and queens of the Aussie Outback. The biggest kangaroo of all is called the Red Kangaroo. The males can stand up to 6 feet tall and weigh up to 200 pounds! That's one big bouncy boi. Red Kangaroos live in big groups called mobs or troops that can have dozens and dozens of 'roos all hopping together. Just imagine seeing that!There are quite a few different kangaroo species, from the massive Red Kangaroo to the tiny Musky Rat-Kangaroo that's only about a foot tall. Some have long noses, some have short noses. Some prefer Rocky areas while others like wide open grassy plains. But they all have those two big feet made for hopping and a pouch for their babies. Kangaroos are the ultimate Aussie icon!I hope you learned a lot about these amazing marsupial hoppers from Down Under. Kangaroos are one of my absolute favorite animals. Just thinking about seeing a big mob of them bouncing across the Outback puts a big smile on my face. Let me know if you have any other questions! Catch ya later, mates!。
考研英语一和二的区别
考研英语一和二的区别主要有：1、概念不同（1）英语一，即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语一。
（2）英语二，主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语二的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
2、考查词汇不同（1）英语一，考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
（2）考生应能较熟练的掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
3、题型分值不同（1）英语一（满分：100）：SectionI：英语知识运用20×0.5；SectionII：PartA传统阅读20×2；PartB新题型5×2；PartC英译汉5×2；SectionIII：PartA应用文10；PartB文章写作20。
（2）英语二（满分：100）：SectionI：英语知识运用20×0.5；SectionII：PartA传统阅读20×2；PartB新题型5×2；SectionIII：英译汉15；SectionIV：PartA应用文10；PartB文章写作15。
扩展资料：整体而言，考研英语二比考研英语一要简单些。
客观来说，英语二是大家考专业学位硕士所需要考的英语，毕竟不是研究型研究生，它对英语的要求和理解稍微低些，要求看懂专业型文章和科研论文即可。
2023考研英语阅读真题 Text 2(英语一)
2023 Text 2（英语⼀）Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-termrentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s.⾃2010 年代Airbnb 等⾃站兴起以来，该地区的社区⾃直试图监管短期租赁。
Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there's an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers willcome in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rentalmarket.现在，随着房价屡创新⾃和历史性的低库存，这种监管的紧迫性越来越⾃，尤其是在那些担⾃开发商会进来购买⾃量住房，在短期租赁市场上⾃赚⾃笔的⾃中间。
In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.在新罕布什尔州，出租房空置率已经降⾃1% 以下，住房倡导者担⾃不受控制的短期租赁会给业已紧张的市场带来进⾃步的压⾃。
The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would've made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.州议会最近投票反对⾃项法案，该法案将使城镇制定限制短期租⾃的⾃法成为⾃法⾃为。
考研英语一与英语二的区别(最详细版)
考研英语一与英语二的区别(最详细版)考研英语一与英语二的区别考研英语一和英语二是大多数考研学子所必须参加的科目，它们在考试内容、难度和考查重点上有着一定的区别。
本文将详细介绍考研英语一和英语二的区别，以帮助考生更好地备考。
一、考试内容和形式1. 阅读理解在考研英语一中，阅读理解占据了相当大的篇幅，约占总分的四分之三。
题目形式较多，包括细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、篇章结构等。
文章通常较长，常常涉及各个学科领域，考查的文字材料较为专业，难度适中且更加细致。
而在考研英语二中，阅读理解只占总分的三分之一左右。
题目形式相对简单，通常包括细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等。
文章长度相对较短，领域广泛，但相对于英语一来说，英语二的阅读理解题目更注重普通英语的应用。
2. 翻译考研英语一和英语二的翻译部分相同，但英语一的翻译难度更高一些。
翻译内容主要包括中译英和英译中。
在英语一中，翻译的难度更大，翻译材料往往是学术性的或专业性的文章，要求考生对特定领域的术语和背景有深入的了解。
而英语二的翻译材料相对通俗易懂，难度相对较低。
3. 写作英语一和英语二的写作部分在题型上有所区别。
英语一的写作部分通常包括大作文和小作文两个部分，考查学生的写作能力和思辨能力，例如议论文、图表作文等。
英语二的写作部分则更偏向于应用文写作，如书信、求职信、备忘录等。
二、难度和考查重点1. 视野和背景知识英语一要求考生具备一定的学术背景知识，文章内容涉及较为专业的领域，需要有较强的综合分析能力和理解能力。
而英语二更注重考查考生对普通话题的理解和应用能力，题材更广泛，考查的主要是学生基本的英语语法、词汇和表达能力。
2. 阅读速度和能力要求由于考研英语一的文章长度较长且题目形式多样，考生需要具备较快的阅读速度和较高的理解能力。
对于英语二来说，文章相对简短，阅读速度要求较低，但考生需要有较好的阅读理解能力。
3. 写作难度和技巧要求英语一的写作部分在篇章结构、语言表达和思维逻辑上有更高的要求，考生需要具备较强的写作能力和论述能力。
2022 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语一)
2022 Text 2（英语⼀）As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and valueof a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.当最新⼀批学⼀填写本科申请表并权衡他们的选择时，或许值得思考的是学位的意义、⼀的和价值发⼀了怎样的变化，以及Z 世代在开启他们教育旅程的第三阶段时需要考虑什么。
Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life.千禧⼀代被告知，如果你在学校表现出⼀，拿到⼀个体⼀的学位，你的⼀辈⼀就被安排妥当了。
But that promise has been found wanting.但这⼀承诺被发现是不够的。
As degrees became universal, they became devalued.随着⼀学学位变得普遍，它们也贬值了。
social mobility .Education was no longer a secure route of教育不再是社会流动的安全途径。
Today, 28 percent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentagewhich is double the average among OECcountries.D如今，英国有28% 的⼀学毕业⼀从事⼀⼀学毕业⼀的⼀作，这⼀⼀例是经合组织国家平均⼀平的两倍。
自考英语(一)课堂笔记(unit2)
typewriter（打字机） typist（打字员）
3.salary n. 工资 v. （常用被动语态）给…发薪salaried adj. 拿薪水的，领工资的She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.（得知她将得到提级和加薪，她很开心。）
A great diversity of methods has been tried in doing this experiment.（实验中尝试过各种各样的方法。）
14.confuse v. 使混乱，混淆confusion n. 混乱，慌乱What he said just now confuses all of us.（他刚才说的话把我们都弄糊涂了。）
Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough money.（算一算费用，看看我们的钱是否够。）
She brought an umbrella as she figured they might need it.（她带了一把伞，因为她估计他们会需要。）
Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.（斟满杯，为我们的友谊干杯。）
The charge for a front-row seat is 250 yuan.（前排座位票价250元。）
The police arrested him on a charge of murder.（警察以谋杀罪拘捕了他。）
Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away？（老师不在的时候，谁管我们班？）
2021年考研英语(一)真题第2篇
2021年考研英语(一)真题第2篇 Privacy Protections forSmartphonesJust how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?宪法对你的数字资料的保护到底有多大？The Supreme Court will now consider最高法院现在将会考虑whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.如果手机在嫌疑人的身上或身边，警察是否能在未经许可的前提下搜索其手机的内容。
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,加州要求法官们制止笼统的裁决，particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.尤其是这个推翻以往臆断的裁决——当局在实施逮捕时可以搜查嫌疑犯的所有物。
It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.加州争辩说，要让法官去评估日新月异的技术可能引发的后果是很难的。
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice.如果法院听从了加州的建议，那它就谦逊过头了。
英语一和英语二阅读理解
英语一和英语二阅读理解
阅读理解是英语学习中非常重要的部分，它涉及到对文章内容的理解、分析和推断能力。
英语一和英语二的阅读理解部分都是考察学生对文章的理解能力以及解决问题的能力。
在英语一和英语二的阅读理解中，学生需要理解文章的主题、观点和细节，并且要能够根据文章内容回答问题或者进行推理判断。
在英语一的阅读理解中，可能会涉及一些更加复杂和深入的文章，包括科学、历史、文学等各个领域的文章。
学生需要有较强的阅读能力和词汇量，能够理解文中的隐含意思，进行推理和分析。
同时，英语一的阅读理解可能会要求学生进行文章的比较和对比，或者对文章内容进行评价和评论。
而在英语二的阅读理解中，可能会更加偏重于日常生活和学习的内容，包括新闻报道、广告、简短故事等。
学生需要能够从这些文章中获取信息，理解作者的观点，判断文章的真伪，或者推断文章的可能发展趋势。
在备考英语一和英语二的阅读理解时，学生需要注重平时的阅读积累，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
可以通过大量阅读不同领域的
文章来扩大词汇量和阅读广度，同时也可以通过做一些阅读理解的练习来提高解题能力和应对考试的技巧。
此外，平时注意积累一些常见的逻辑推理和推断技巧，对于文章中的隐含信息和作者观点的推断能力也是非常重要的。
总的来说，英语一和英语二的阅读理解都需要学生具备良好的阅读能力、丰富的词汇量和较强的推理能力。
通过平时的积累和练习，可以逐渐提高自己的阅读理解能力，取得更好的成绩。
2024年考研英语一试题及答案：英语一Text 2(26-30题)
2024年考研英语一试题及答案：英语一Text 2（26-30题）业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
英语一Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to raising more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones, and "baby-wearing", in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm. According to Dr. Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for both children and parents.Dr. Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mimic the supervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention that broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an "intensive mothering narrative" which suggests that mothers should manage child care alone, was likely to have been harmful. "Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences," they wrote.By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies, adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care. One previous study looked at the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparentsa day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less child care support from family and social networks than during most of human evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a 'knock-on' benefit to a child's wellbeing. An infant born into a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers - this contrasts starkly with nursery settings in the UK where regulations can allow for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three. While hunter-gatherer children learn from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups, researchers said that western "instructive teaching", where pupils are asked to sit still, could contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents might also enhance their own social development. According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to thepracticeof___________26.According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to thepractice of Asharing childcare among community membersB.assigning babies to specific adult categoriesC.teaching parenting skills to older childrenD.carrying infants around by their parents27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrateA.an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communicationB.an approach to integrating into western societyC the conventional parenting style in western culturethe differences between western and African ways of living28. According to paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrativeA . alleviates parenting pressuresB. consolidates family relationshipsC. results in the child-centered familyD. departs from the course of evolution29. what can be inferred about the nurseries in the UK?A. They tend to fall short of official requirements.B. They have difficulty finding enough carcgives.C. They ought to improve their career-to-child ratioD. They should try to prevent parental depression30. Which of' the following would be the best title for the text?A. Instructive teaching: a dilemma for anxious parentsB. For a happier family learn from the hunter gatherersC. Mixed-aged playgroup, a better choice for lonely childrenD. Tracing the history of parenting: from Africa to Europe26-30题答案ABDCB。
2021 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语一)
2021 Text 2（英语⼀）Indonesia 's bleak rate ofLast year marked the third year in a row of whendeforestation has slowed in pace.去年是印度尼⻄亚森林砍伐速度放缓的连续第三年。
One reason for the turnaround may be the country's antipoverty program.转变的原因之⻄可能是该国的反贫困计划。
In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.2007 年，印度尼⻄亚开始逐步实施⻄项计划，在某些条件下向最贫穷的居⻄提供资⻄，例如要求⻄们让孩⻄上学或定期接受医疗护理。
Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty .这些社会援助计划被称为有条件的现⻄转移或CCTs，旨在减少不平等和打破贫困的循环。
They're already used in dozens of countries worldwide.它们已在全球数⻄个国家/地区使⻄。
In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.在印度尼⻄亚，该计划提供了⻄够的⻄物和药品，⻄⻄减少了⻄童的严重的发育问题。
考研英语一英语二
考研英语一英语二？
答：考研英语一和英语二是研究生考试中的两种不同类型的英语科目，它们在题型、词汇量、难度和适用专业等方面都有所不同。
1.题型：考研英语一的试题分三部分，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作；而考研英语二的试题分四部分，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。
在具体题型上，两者也存在差异，如英语一有7选5的题型，而英语二没有；英语一有小标题对应，而英语二是多项对应。
2.词汇量：考研英语一和英语二的大纲词汇量都是5500，但考试题目涉及的词汇量却远远超过这个数字。
在实际考试中，英语一的词汇量往往较大，可能涉及一些较为专业的词汇；而英语二的词汇相对更加基础一些。
3.难度：总体来说，考研英语一的难度要略高于英语二。
这主要体现在阅读理解的文章选材上，英语一通常选自一些学术性较强的期刊杂志，而英语二则更加偏向于大众化的阅读材料。
此外，在写作部分，英语一的要求也相对更高一些。
4.适用专业：考研英语一主要适用于所有学术硕士以及部分专业硕士（如临床医学、口腔医学、公共卫生、护理等）；而考研英语二则主要适用于部分专业硕士（如工商管理、公共管理、会计、旅游管理、图书情报等）。
总的来说，考研英语一和英语二在多个方面都存在差异，考生在选择报考科目时需要根据自己的实际情况和报考专
业的要求来做出决策。
考研英语(一)与英语(二)的区别
考研英语（一）与英语（二）的区别考研英语分为了英语一和英语二，很多同学都不明白两者的区别，在此我根据教育部英语大纲中两者的区别做出了总结，呈现给广大考研学子。
一、两者各适用专业(一)完全适用英语一的专业1、所有学术硕士全部适用（十三大门类，110个一级学科）；2、8类（法律硕士含法学专业与非法学专业）专业硕士适用：临床医学（1051），口腔医学（1052），公共卫生（1053），护理（1054），法律硕士（非法学专业）（035101），法律硕士（法学专业）（035102），汉语国际教育（0453），建筑学（0851），城市规划（0853）。
（二）完全适用英语二的专业7类专业硕士适用：工商管理（1251），公共管理（1252），会计（1253），旅游管理（1254），图书情报（1255），工程管理（1256），审计（0257）。
（三）选用英语一或英语二的适用专业以下23类专业硕士，初试科目的外国语考试可选择使用英语一或英语二，选择权由招生单位行使，考生不能选择初试科目。
金融（0251），应用统计（0252），税务（0253），国际商务（0254），保险（0255），资产评估（0256），社会工作（0352），警务（0353），教育（0451），新闻与传播（0552），出版（0553），艺术（1351），工程（0852），农业推广（0951），兽医（0952），风景园林（0953），林业（0954），军事（1151），体育（0452），应用心理（0454），文物与博物馆（0651），药学（1055），中药学(1056)（四）不适用英语一或英语二的专业学术硕士中的外国语专业及专业硕士中的翻译硕士（0551），初试外国语科目具体参照相关规定执行，不使用英语一或英语二试卷。
二、两者题型及分值英语一和英语二两种试卷满分均为100分，考试题型及各题型分值不同，请参照下表：三、两者考点的区别(1)语法英语二规定了总共有八个语法点，具体的语法点是要考的。
2016 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语一)
2016 Text 2（英语⼀）For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.与乡村⼈⼈相⼈，⼈类历史上第⼈次有更多的⼈居住在城镇。
In Britain this has had a curious result.这在英国产⼈了奇怪的结果。
While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family , Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.⼈意调查显示，尽管英国⼈把“乡村”与英国皇室、莎⼈⼈亚和国⼈医疗服务制度⼈起当成英国的四⼈骄傲，但英国⼈的这种观点只得到了有限的政治⼈持。
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever." ⼈个世纪前，奥克塔维亚·希尔发起成⼈了国⼈托管组织，此举不是去挽救那些雅致的房屋，⼈是“为所有⼈永久保存⼈然之地的美”。
It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air."此举是专⼈为城市居⼈提供休闲空间，在那⼈他们可以呼吸新鲜空⼈。
大学英语（一）第2阶段测试题2a
⼤学英语（⼀）第2阶段测试题2a江南⼤学现代远程教育第⼆阶段测试卷考试科⽬:《⼤学英语（⼀）》（总分100分）时间：90分钟学习中⼼（教学点）批次：层次：专业：学号：⾝份证号：姓名：得分：⼀、交际英语（10％）1、- Nice to see you again, Mr. Smith. How are you?- _____B____A：I miss you. B：Fine. Thank you. And you?C：Are you OK? D：This way, please.2、- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the bus stop?- _____A____A：Yes, go straight down this way to the end. B：Why do you ask me the way? C：Yes, I will. D：No, I can't tell you that.3、- We'd like two Cokes, please.- ____A_____A：Small, medium or large? B：You must pay first.C：Thank you. D：You are welcome.4、- Do you like to play basketball?- _____C____A：Perhaps. B：No. Xiaowang does not like it.C：I am crazy about it. D：I am pleased about it.5、― Hi! George. How are you?― _______D__________A：That's all right. B：Don't mention it.C：How are you? D：Fine, thanks. And you? ⼆、阅读理解（30％）1、Nancy and Peter McCall like sports. In the summer they swim and in the winter they ski. They are planning ski trip for this weekend, but they don't know about the weather. It's 7:30 now, and they are listening to the weather report on the radio. The weatherman is giving the weather forecast for the weekend."Friday is going to be cold and cloudy, but it's not going to rain. The temperature is going to be in the thirties. It's going to snow Friday night and maybe Saturday morning. Saturday afternoon and Sunday are going to be clear, cold and sunny. "Now Nancy and Peter are excited. The weather is going to be perfect for a ski trip. They are going to have a wonderful weekend in the mountains.(1)、Nancy and Peter listened to the weather forecast for the weekend. AA：T B：F(2)、Nancy and Peter are planning a trip to the village for the weekend. BA：T B：F(3)、It is going to snow Friday night according to the weather forecast. AA：T B：F(4)、The weather will be warm and rainy on Sunday. BA：T B：F(5)、Nancy and Peter often do sports. AA：T B：F2、An English traveler found himself in Norway with only enough money to buy the ticket for his journey back home. As he knew that it would take him only two days to get to England, he decided that he could easily spend the time without food. So he bought a ticket and got on the ship. The man closed his ears to the sound of the lunch bell. When dinnertime came, he didn't go to dinning room, saying that he was not feeling very well.The next morning he still didn't have breakfast and at lunchtime he again stayed in his room. But at dinnertime he was so hungry that he went to the dinning room and ate everything the waiter put in front of him. He got ready for the quarrel. "Bring me the bill," he said. "The bill, sir?" said the waiter in surprise. "There isn't any bill. On our ship meals are included (包括) in the money for the ticket," said the waiter.(6)、The story happened on a ship from Norway to England. AA：T B：F(7)、The traveler didn't go to the dinning room first,because he had no money. AA：T B：F(8)、The traveler went to the dinning room to eat something because his friend had given him some money. BA：T B：F(9)、The traveler had two meals on the ship. BA：T B：F(10)、After the traveler finished eating, he came to know that travelers on the ship had free meals. AA：T B：F3、The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first set of stamps came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1935. The five rings of Olympics were printed on the front of the sportswear(运动衫). It was the first time that the symbol appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics. In the 1950's, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to march into the area of the White Olympics.Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meeting. Different kinds of sports were printed on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some players.(11)、The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics __A__ .A：are of the same kind of Games B：are of different kinds of GamesC：are both held in winter D：are held in different times(12)、It was ___B_ that the world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great Games.A：after 1950 B：after 1932C：after 1935 D：from 1980(13)、From the passage we know the symbol of five rings were printed on the stamps firstly __A__.A：in November 1935 B：in the 1950'sC：first in America D：before November 1935(14)、The Japanese sold out 14500 million stamps in order to raise money for _D___.A：an Asian GamesB：its own peopleC：paying for its warD：the White Olympics(15)、So far the Winter Olympics has not been held in __C__.A：the USAB：GermanyC：ChinaD：Japan三、词汇与语法（15％）1、Is there a map ___A___ the wall?A：onB：inC：atD：with2、People at the party worried about him, because no one was aware __A__ he had gone. A：of whereB：of the place whereC：whereD：the place3、Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a __B___ and disorder! A：massB：messC：guessD：bus4、While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, __B__ is very useful now for me. A：itB：whichC：thatD：what5、They are those girls' ____B__.A：boys friendsB：boy friendsC：boy friendD：boies friends四、选词填空（15％）When people talk 1 the cities of the United States, the first that comes to mind is New York. New York is the largest city in the United States. That is, it has the largest population, 2 about 8 million people. It is also one of the most important 3 in the world.New York is the business headquarters of the country as well as its leading industrial center. In the downtown section of the city is Wall Street - where you find the world 4 New York Stock Exchange. It is said that over 90 percent of the stocks bought and sold in the United States are handled in the Wall Street area. Wall Street is not 5 the financial center of the whole nation, but also the heart and nerve center of American politics.(1)、BA：with B：about C：only D：cities E：famous(2)、AA：with B：about C：only D：cities E：famous(3)、DA：with B：about C：only D：cities E：famous(4)、EA：with B：about C：only D：cities E：famous(5)、CA：with B：about C：only D：cities E：famous五、英译汉（30％）1、What's the size of your shoes?2、How wide is this street?3、He can run as fast as Jim.4、How long do you watch TV every day?5、Would you please open the door for me?。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
COLLEGE ENGLISH TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJORS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION（英语一模拟题2）1. absorb:2. enjoy:3. obvious: B. [☯b vi☯s]II. Mark the stress for each of the following words.1. amountA. 第一个音节2.B. 第二个音节3.B. 第二个音节C. 第三个音节III. Each of the following sentences is provided with two answers. Choose the one that identifies its correct sentence type and its nuclear tone type.A. 一般疑问句——升调B. 特殊疑问句——降调A. don’t you?——升调IV. Fill in each of the following blanks with a word in its proper form.(1) He hoped the passenger would Mary be and indeed she was Mary(2W hich way shall we go? By the stream or through the wood?(3) Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got some time before the train leaves.(4) Look at these pears. This seems to be a nice ripe one.(5) He remembers _____ London of the past and says it was gayer than _____London of_____today.(6) Let’s sing a song,shall we?(7) Don’t stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.(8)After_ all, they have nothing in common. It’s only natural that they can’t get along well.(9) Last night I came back late for the meeting.(10) They came by taking the 9 o’clock train.V. Each of the following sentences is provided with four answers labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes it.(1) _______, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser.b. Although hard diamond isd. However diamond is harda. hisb. its d. his or hera. lately c. latter d. latera. badly hurt d. had badly hurteda. will beb. wasc. could beb. inc. ford. tob. like hersc. as hersd. different than hersb. for him to settlec. of his settlingd. that he settlea. the effort doing the job was not worthb. the effort was not worth in doingd. it was not worth the effort by doinghe was really ill.a. for that c. of which d. in which(11)tried.a. whenb. although d. even ifa. Suchb. Greatc. Sob. freshmen are permittedd. are permitted freshmena. are difficultc. is supposed difficult(15) London has a larger population _____ in the United Kingdom.city b. than other cities c. than all the citiesVI. There are four parts underlined in each of the following sentences. Identify the one that needs correction.(1) Sitting up late last night, Tom not only read the assignment but also many poems by one ofA Bhis favorite poets.D(2) Have you heard that Jeff’s leg was broken while playing football?A B C(3) Having finished his term paper before it was delivered to the professor beforeA Bthe class.D(4) Why they will go there to try another experiment has not been decided yet.B C D(5) The more one knows about the Elizabethan England, the more you understand theCimportance of the British NavyDVII. Fill in the blanks with the word in the brackets in its proper form.(1) I noticed that the wrecked car has not yet taken(take) away.(2) Would you like to have another drink?” “No, thanks. I have(have) enough.”(3) If the exit doors hadn’t been blocked, people would have escaped (escape) from the building hall.(4) It’s high time that the children got (get) dressed.(5) Great as Newton was, many of his ideas are challenged _ (challenge) today.(6) By the end of this year, he will have stayed _ (stay) here for10 years.(7) It is necessary that Mike fill _ (fill) in all the blanks on as application for a job.(8) Many old houses _ were pulled down (pull down), and many new ones were built(build) in their place last year.VIII. Translate the following into English.(1) 英国人很为自己的幽默感感到自豪。
The Englishmen are very proud of their sense of humor.(2) 你听到有人在敲门吗？Did you hear somebody knocking on the door?(3) 孩子们高兴得跳了起来。
The children are so happy as to jump up(4) 不能把这些书带出图书馆外。
Don’t bring those book out of the libraryIX. Translate the following into Chinese.(1) She showed us how to operate the machine. 她向我们展示了如何操作机器(2) Is there anyone her whose name is Jack London? 这儿有任何人名字叫杰克.伦敦吗(3) I like swimming (very much) and so does my brother. 我很喜欢游泳，我哥哥也很喜欢(4) Under no circumstances will he leave the country. 他决不离开乡下X. Read the following passages, and determine what type of clause each of the underlined parts is.Passage 1Community ServiceThe idea of helping people comes naturally to most of us. (1)If we see a blind person getting off a bus, we watch to make sure that he is in no danger of falling. Members of a family help one another, with particular care for the very young and the elderly.There are many people who have nobody near to see their need for help and often nobody to give it even when the need is known. The old, the disabled, the homeless and friendless—these are the people (2)for whom help may not come, because nobody sees. It may not have occurred to you (3)that you are in a position to help. Community service means helping the people around you. Organizations exist which try to make sure (4)that someone sees (5)when help is needed and does something about it. These organizations depend on voluntary help to carry out a wide variety of tasks, volunteers giving up a little of their spare time to lend a hand.If you wish to take part in this worthwhile activity, what sort of things would you do? Think of the people most in need of help and the ways in which help can be given. Much of the work of community service is concerned with the care of the elderly and the disabled. Old people cannot always redecorate their homes. Household repairs, cleaning, preparing food or taking care of the garden may all prove difficult. Elderly people with failing eyesight are delighted if a friend comes in to read or to write letters for them. A helping hand and a friendly face can mean a great deal to a lonely elderly person.(3) A. 名词从句——作主语(4) A. 名词从句——作同位语B. 状语从句——表示条件Passage 2StressMost people feel stress at some time in their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldn’t usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.It is important to understand that stress doesn’t come from an event itself; that is, from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning (6)we give to what has happened. For example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one person (7)while another person may be able to stay calm.We can experience stress any time we feel (8)we don’t have c ontrol. It can come from a feeling that we can’t do anything about a situation. Basically, it is the body’s way of showing anxiety or worry.Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition. It is also influenced by (9)how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercise, and whether we can relax.The point at which stress becomes a problem changes from day to day, even for the same person. In some situations, if we are rested and feel good about ourselves, a little stress will not be a problem. In another situation, (10)if we are tired or feel unsure about our abilities, even a small amount of stress can cause problems. For example, we might begin to worry about things tha t haven’t happened yet instead of working on things that are happening now. Or we might not feel able to find solutions to everyday problems.(6) A. 定语从句——修饰先行词(7) A. 状语从句——表示原因。