euthanasia debates
安乐死的英文作文
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安乐死 英语作文
安乐死英语作文Euthanasia is a highly controversial topic that has sparked heated debates and discussions around the world. Also known as assisted suicide or mercy killing, euthanasia is the act of intentionally ending a person's life to relieve them from suffering. While some argue that euthanasia is a compassionate and humane act, others believe that it goes against the sanctity of life and raises ethical and moral concerns.Proponents of euthanasia argue that it is a compassionate way to end the suffering of terminally ill patients who are in unbearable pain. They believe that individuals should have the right to die with dignity and that euthanasia provides a peaceful and painless way to end their suffering. Furthermore, they argue that allowing euthanasia gives individuals the autonomy to make decisions about their own lives and deaths, and that it can provide comfort to both the patients and their families.On the other hand, opponents of euthanasia argue thatit goes against the fundamental principle of the sanctityof life. They believe that every human life is valuable and should be protected, and that euthanasia undermines the value of life. Additionally, they raise concerns about the potential for abuse and coercion in euthanasia cases, and the slippery slope that could lead to the devaluation of human life.In many countries, euthanasia is illegal and considered a criminal act. However, there are some countries andstates that have legalized euthanasia under certain circumstances. For example, in the Netherlands and Belgium, euthanasia is legal under strict regulations and guidelines, and patients must meet specific criteria in order toqualify for euthanasia. In the United States, severalstates have also legalized euthanasia, with Oregon beingthe first to do so in 1997.The legalization of euthanasia has sparked intense debates and discussions about the ethical, moral, and legal implications of this controversial practice. While someargue that euthanasia provides a compassionate and humane way to end the suffering of terminally ill patients, others believe that it goes against the sanctity of life and raises concerns about potential abuse and coercion.In conclusion, euthanasia is a complex and contentious issue that raises important ethical, moral, and legal questions. While proponents argue that it provides a compassionate way to end the suffering of terminally ill patients, opponents raise concerns about the value of life and the potential for abuse. As the debate over euthanasia continues, it is important to consider the perspectives of all stakeholders and carefully weigh the ethical, moral, and legal implications of this controversial practice.。
Euthanasia完整辩论
Euthanasia-完整辩论版————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：A:Hello！welcome to our discussion . I’m joined today by B and C.i’m soleilB:And I’m BC:I’m C.A:oh , Hello, C. do you know about Euthanasia ?B:Yes.that is people who are attacked by incurable disease can’t surffer from the pains and decide to employ a humane way to end their lives without pain.C：do you think Euthanasia Should Be Legalized正方：We think it’s neces sary. On one hand, we can save our limiting medical resources for those who need treatment than any other people. On the other hand, we can keep patients from endless paint.我们认为这是有必要的。
一方面，我们可以节约有限的医疗资源给其他更需要的治疗的病人。
另一方面，我们可以解脱这些受着无尽的痛苦的病人。
补充观点：1. Euthanasia can release the stress of the society, if the patients can’t do any contribution.如果那个病人无法做出任何贡献，那么安乐死可以减轻社会的负担。
英语阅读当中常识性的词汇
社会生活类词汇一、人文词汇1. 政治法律parliament 国会，议会House of Commons 下议院parliamentary debates 议会辩论self-evident principle 不言自明的法则verdict 陪审团的裁决arbiter 仲裁者validity 有效性，合法性period terminate截止日期suspension中止，悬而未决in-house counsel内部法律顾问citizenry 公民，国民basic right 基本权利privilege 特权higher up 上级，大人bureaucratic 官僚主义的self-governing自治的，自我管理的espionage 间谍活动spymaster 间谍组织首脑elitism 杰出人物统治论，精英论CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)美国中央情报局2. 社会文化civilization 文明，文明社会democratic society 民主社会agricultural society 农业社会scio-economic 社会经济的social status 社会地位social ladder 社会等级social inequality 社会不平等underprivileged 穷困的，下层社会的bottom line 底线societal changes 社会变革mediocrity 平庸，平庸之才generalist 多面手，通才futurist 未来主义者, 未来派艺术家athlete 运动员entertainer 演义人员initiation ceremony 开幕典礼spectator 观众attendee 出席者humanrelation 人际关系parading procession 游行队伍metropolitan 大都市的uncivilized behavior 不文明行为subsequent behavior 后天习性traffic stream 交通流量traffic jam 交通堵塞traffic regulation 交通法规charitable organization慈善组织material benefit 医疗保险euthanasia安乐死substance dependence 物质依赖withdrawal symptom 断瘾症状psychoactive 作用于精神的deterioration 退化，堕落a touch on the brakes 悬崖勒马adolescence 青春期house-proud 关心家事的extended family 大家庭parental permission家长许可mental conversation 心灵对话intense perceptual distortion强烈知觉畸变anti-intellectualism 反理智主义aggressive patriotism 扩张性爱国主义advocate提倡，鼓吹Utopia 乌托邦transcendentalist 先验论者induction 归纳deduction 演绎humanity 人性，博爱self-respect 自尊soul searching 真诚的自我反省self examination 自省anthropological 人类学的census 人口普查demographer人口统计学家lifespan寿命aging population老年人口tourist trail 旅行线路interior design 室内设计piped music 管弦音乐商业经济词汇1. 宏观经济economic system 经济体系planned economy 计划经济market economy 市场经济market-oriented economy 市场导向型经济market cycle 市场周期market demand 市场需求state-owned business 国有经济industrialization 工业化home market 国内市场red-hot economy 白热化经济prosperous 经济繁荣的globalization全球化global inflation 全球通货膨胀multinational corporation 跨国公司stock price 股票价格venture investment 风险投资broker经纪人stakeholder 股东economic puppet 经济傀儡credit card 信用卡monetary policy货币政策competitive price竞争价格retail price零售价commodity price物价devalue 贬值interest rate利率capital资金，资本intellectual property 知识产权infrastructure基础设施treasury财政部patent office专利局steer the economy a soft landing经济软着陆2. 微观经济productivity生产力production 生产，产品transaction交易consumption 消费subscribe to订购commodity日用品inferiorarticle劣质商品qualitatively质量上monopoly垄断merger合并，归并consolidation巩固合并incorporate合并downscale 缩减规模centralization集中，中央集权化professionalization专业化freight运费shipper 托运人，发货人premium保险费dealership代理权，经销权retailer零售商surplus过剩predominance优势vitality活力unexploited未开发的energy-intensive 能源密集型的commercialized 使商业化underfund 对…提供资金不足mountainous debt 负债累累free enterprise 自由企业limited liability company有限责任公司bureaucratic management官僚式管理top management 高层管理administration管理，经营administrator管理人员shareholder股东executive director 执行理事entrepreneur企业家competitor 竞争者consultancy 顾问职业blueprint 蓝图manpower人力title头衔，称号part-timer兼职人员temporary worker临时工self-employment个体经营opening空缺职位negotiate谈判，协商compensation 赔偿，薪水文化教育类词汇educational background 教育背景eucational history 学历curriculum 全部课程major 主修educational highlights 课程重点部分minor副修specialized courses 专门课程socialpractice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作scholarship奖学金recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动extracurricular activities 课外活动excellent leader优秀干部student union 学生会off-job training脱产培训in-job training 在职培训faculty 全体教员president校长dean 院长department chairman 系主任associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant 助教research fellow 研究员supervisor (论文)导师talent fair 人才招聘会post doctorate 博士后undergraduate 本科（在读）生senior 大四生junior 大三生sophomore 大二生freshman 大一生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生day-student走读生intern 实习生boarder 寄宿生graduate-equivalency certificate 同等学历文凭adult-literacy program 成人读写能力课程GPA 平均成绩higher education 高等教育out-of-class work 课外作业admission standard 入学标准expand enrollment 扩大招生intellectual property 知识产权duck-stuffing 填鸭式native tongue 母语bilingualism双语endangered languages 濒危语种linguistic and cultural diversity语言及文化多样性科普类词汇1. 网络通信database数据库data bit数据位search agent搜索代理interactive交互式的key in键入post黏贴，帖子keyword关键词repeated visit回访match匹配项electronics电子学telecommunication无线电通讯electronic mail电子邮件teleconference远程电信会议distant conference远程会议站sharing of information信息共享microprocessor微处理器transistor circuit晶体管电路semiconductor半导体electrify电气research productivity研发能力2. 生物医学evolution进化evolutionary theory进化论natural selection物竞天择submicroscopic亚微观的biomedical生物医学的molecular biology分子生物学epidemic流行病cataract白内障shot皮下注射depressant镇静剂hallucinogen迷幻剂sulfuric acid硫酸bypass替代管vaccine疫苗immunization使免疫gene基因simple sugar单糖tissue组织hip股骨nervous system神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统surgeon外科医师physician内科医师therapy治疗clinical临床的symptom症状，征兆physical addiction生理上瘾psychological disorder心里失调psychological test心里测试mortality死亡率variation变异，变种3. 地理天文natural phenomenon自然现象drastic experiment深度试验external result外力作用的结果carbon dioxide二氧化碳photosynthesis光合作用ozone layer臭氧层atmosphere pressure气压air current气流water vapor水蒸气saturation饱和tidal wave潮汐hot spot热点ice cap冰冠ice sheet冰盾Ice Age冰河世纪land mass大陆块Hemisphere半球gravitation地心引力solar system太阳系light year光年galaxy星系cluster星云detector探测器space shuttle宇宙飞船space exploration宇宙勘探vertical flight垂直飞行decibel 分贝velocity速度。
安乐死的争议 The Debate of Euthanasia_英语作文
安乐死的争议The Debate of EuthanasiaAs the development of human society, people emphasis much on their rights, they believe that everyone has the right to choose what they want if it is not against the law. The issue of euthanasia has been a hot topic these years, some agree it in that people have the right to end their suffering, others disagree because they think life is precious, no one can take away one’s life. Now the debate is still going on.随着人类社会的发展，人们十分注重自己的权利，认为每个人都有权利选择自己想要的，如果不违法的话。
安乐死的问题在这些年成为了热门话题，一些人赞同，因为人们有权利结束痛苦，一些人不赞同，因为他们觉得生命是很宝贵的，没有人能结束别人的生命。
现在争议仍在继续。
On the one hand, euthanasia is admitted by some people, they think the patients have the right to end their agony. The patients who are diagnosed with cancer and there is no way for them to cure, they can choose to end their life peacefully. 一方面，安乐死得到了一些人的承认，他们觉得病人有权利结束痛苦。
支持安乐死英语作文
支持安乐死英语作文Support for Euthanasia。
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, is a controversial topic that has sparked intense debates worldwide. While some argue against it, I firmly believe in supporting the right to die with dignity. This essay will present various reasons why euthanasia should be legalized, highlighting the importance of personal autonomy and compassion.Firstly, it is crucial to acknowledge the principle of individual autonomy. Every person should have the freedom to make decisions about their own life, including the choice to end it. By legalizing euthanasia, we respect the autonomy of individuals who are suffering from unbearable pain or terminal illnesses. It is their body, their life, and their right to decide what is best for them.Furthermore, legalizing euthanasia promotes compassionand empathy towards those who are suffering. It allows us to show kindness and understanding by granting them the option to end their pain and suffering. Denying someone the right to die with dignity is a cruel and inhumane act. We should prioritize empathy and compassion over unnecessary prolongation of suffering.Moreover, legalizing euthanasia can alleviate the burden on healthcare systems and families. Terminally ill patients often require extensive medical care, which can be financially and emotionally draining for both theindividual and their loved ones. By providing the option of euthanasia, we can reduce the strain on healthcare resources and allow families to find closure and peace in difficult times.In addition, legalizing euthanasia would ensure that the procedure is carried out safely and under strict regulations. Currently, underground and unregulated practices exist, putting vulnerable individuals at risk. By legalizing euthanasia, we can establish guidelines and safeguards to protect those who choose this option,ensuring that it is done in a controlled and compassionate manner.Lastly, legalizing euthanasia would align with the principles of a democratic society that values personal freedom and choice. In a society that upholds individual rights and liberties, it is essential to recognize that the right to die with dignity is a fundamental aspect of personal freedom. By legalizing euthanasia, we respect the diverse beliefs and choices of our citizens.In conclusion, the legalization of euthanasia is a matter of personal autonomy, compassion, and empathy. Granting individuals the right to die with dignity allows them to have control over their own lives and end their suffering. It is a compassionate choice that relieves the burden on healthcare systems and families. By legalizing euthanasia, we can ensure that it is carried out safely and under strict regulations. Ultimately, it is a matter of personal freedom and choice, aligning with the principles of a democratic society.。
安乐死
（三）从生命的价值上看，“安乐死”有助于节约吏多的医药资源，实现医药资源的合理分配。我国是一个发展中国家，各种医药资源还比较缺乏，病情危重无生存希望的病人长期占用医疗设备、医务人员，消耗大量医疗药品用以延续无希望的生命，显然是对有限卫生资源的严重浪费。据统计，2001年我国每千人只有2.39张床位和1.69个医生，医疗设备和医疗费用均十分有限，如果允许对那些身患绝症、生不如死、无生存希望的病人实施“安乐死”，就可以为那些有望康复的病人提供更多的资源，从而更能体现人的生命价值以及医药资源的有效利用。
பைடு நூலகம்
四、结论（安乐死对社会发展的最终作用）
安乐死”可能涉及到每个活着的人，因此“安乐死”的立法是一件事关社会和千家万户的大事。因此，在对“安乐死”进行立法以前，我们应该在整个社会中举行一次有关“安乐死”的讨论。使广大人民群众对于“安乐死”有一个更好的认识，把“安乐死”和犯罪区分开来，从而为“安乐死”的立法执行创造良好的环境，在此基础上才对“安乐死”立法。一个合法的“安乐死”应该包括“安乐死”的条件规定，执行程序的规定，监督机构的规定等。
无可非议，任何事情都是有两面性的，在我们看到“安乐死”的合理性、可行性的同时，我们也注意到了它可能带来的负面影响。有可能导致“安乐死”的滥用，人们推卸他所应该担负的责任，造成人情冷淡，甚至可能被一些别有用心的人利用，以合法的方式掩盖其非法的目的，比如，为了人身器官。但我们不能因为它有弊端就否认它，我们必须做的是，用法律的方式加以规范。
ideas are like the stars --- we never reach them, but like mariners, we chart our course by them. ( c. schurz ),but with developing of society ，Euthanasia is a very sensitive and debatable topic of todays world. The debate is that when a person is at a dead end, either in a coma or having been diagnosed with a terminal disease that ends in death, should that person be able to have the right to choose to die by an assisted suicide. this is a human moral bottom line，so research on euthanasia is of great significant for the human society，understanding of euthanasia can deepen people understanding of humanistic care，and make people have correct understanding of death（/view/163ba81fa76e58fafab003c1#page/1/1377696611363，online，accessed on 30 /8/2013）， This essay is talking about Euthanasia，It has already discussed the government and people is how to think about this problem about the Euthanasia by some methodologies ，and this research still includes some information about the interview with the students through the questionnaire survey 。
安乐死的英语作文
安乐死的英语作文Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, is a controversial topic that has sparked heated debates across the world. The practice of euthanasia involvesintentionally ending a person's life to relieve them from suffering. While some argue that it is a compassionate act that allows individuals to die with dignity, others believe that it goes against the sanctity of life. In this essay, we will explore the ethical, legal, and moral implications of euthanasia and examine both sides of the argument.Proponents of euthanasia argue that it is a humane way to end the suffering of terminally ill patients. They believe that individuals should have the right to choose when and how they die, especially if they are facing unbearable pain and have no hope of recovery. By legalizing euthanasia, they argue that patients can die with dignity and without prolonged suffering. Additionally, they argue that euthanasia can alleviate the financial burden on families and the healthcare system by reducing the cost ofprolonged medical care for terminally ill patients.On the other hand, opponents of euthanasia argue that it is a violation of the sanctity of life and goes against the fundamental principles of medical ethics. They believe that the practice of euthanasia undermines the value of human life and can lead to a slippery slope, where the vulnerable are at risk of being coerced into ending their lives. Furthermore, they argue that advances in palliative care and pain management can effectively alleviate the suffering of terminally ill patients without resorting to euthanasia.From a legal standpoint, the practice of euthanasia is a complex and contentious issue. In some countries, euthanasia is legal under certain circumstances, such as in the case of terminal illness and unbearable suffering. However, in many other countries, euthanasia is considered illegal and is punishable by law. The legal status of euthanasia varies widely across different jurisdictions, and there is ongoing debate about whether it should be legalized or prohibited.From a moral perspective, the practice of euthanasia raises profound ethical questions about the value of human life and the autonomy of individuals. It forces us to confront our beliefs about suffering, death, and the role of medicine in alleviating pain. While some argue that euthanasia is a compassionate act that respects the autonomy of individuals, others believe that it is a morally unacceptable practice that undermines the intrinsic value of human life.In conclusion, the practice of euthanasia is a deeply divisive and complex issue that raises important ethical, legal, and moral questions. While proponents argue that it is a compassionate way to end the suffering of terminally ill patients, opponents believe that it undermines the sanctity of life and poses significant ethical and legal challenges. As society continues to grapple with these issues, it is essential to engage in thoughtful and respectful dialogue about the implications of euthanasia and to consider the perspectives of all stakeholders involved.。
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译1997 Text 1Paragraph 11、It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.（凌晨3：45终于进行了投票）1.1 take the vote=take votes投票vote for投票支持……tote against投票反对……vote for independence 投票支持独立rules and regulations 规矩,规章制度2、After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. （经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论,澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局.）2.1 self-restraint自我约束territory ['ter?t(?)r?] 领土,领域；范围district区域；地方；行政区2.2 authority权威；权力；当局assumption/assume假设The Greeks assume that 希腊人认为……2.3 be to=be going to=be about to（将）要做某事incurably 难以治愈的terminal 终端的,期末的2.4 patient患者,病人1）the incurably ill patients绝症患者2）the terminally ill patients晚期患者3）the late stage patients 晚期患者stage阶段,舞台on and off stage舞台上下primary stage初期late stage晚期2.5安乐死euthanasia [,ju?θ?'ne?z??]=physician-assisted suicide=doctors take the lives of the incurably ill patients who wish to die2.6 Europe欧洲euro 欧元euro zone欧元区EU(European Union)欧盟2.7 physician医生physical身体的Physical Education 体育assist帮助suicide 自杀2.8 argue 主张,认为,争论,争吵debate辩论2.9 议会congress（美）国会National People's Congress全国人民代表大会parliament ['pɑ?l?m(?)nt]（英/澳大利亚）议会,国会assembly国会,装配,集会,集合assemble聚集3、The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET.（这一法案是以令人信服的15票对10票通过.几乎同时,该消息就出现在互联网上.身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰·霍夫塞斯在收到该消息后便通过协会的在线服务死亡之网发了公告.）3.1 measure（上下文推断=law=bill法案）take effective measure to do sth.3.2 by the convincing vote of 15 to 103.3 举例子 A convincing illustration occurring to me goes to ＋人名（anacquaintance of mine）,who……我能想到的一个有说服力的例子是……3.4 occur to sb.某人想起be convince that相信,确信3.5Almost immediately几乎顷刻之间word（引申为消息）Word came that the Chinese team won the match.3.6A novel idea flashed through his mind.novel小说,新颖的pick up the wallet=purse钱包3.7 half a world away世界的另一端executive执行的,执行官CEO首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer) exe. 可执行程序的扩展名direction方向,指导in the direction of 朝着……的方向director导演,主任（行政）dean系主任3.8the Right to Die Society死亡权利协会clubs and society社团和协会Red Cross Society红十字会Cross十字架,跨越crossing十字路口right权利（法律上）rights and obligations权利和义务the right to appeal to the higher court向更高法院申诉3.9 via通过,经由fly to Taipei via HK经由香港飞往台北municipal government 市政府4、Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.（他说：我们整天都在发布公告,因为这件事的意义不在于它是在澳大利亚发生的事情,而是因为这是世界历史的一件大事.）4.1 post bulletins发公告post张贴poster海报paste浆糊,膏状物,黏贴toothpaste牙膏China Post中国邮政post office邮局bulletin公告4.2 of courseParagraph 21、The full import may take a while to sink in. （这件事情的全部意义可能需要一段时间）1.1 important=significance=import重要意义It takes two or three years to get a master's degree.攻读硕士学位需要两三年.2、The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. （澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题）2.1 leave sb. 是某人处于……的境地moral道德implication意义,含义imply暗含,意味2.2 citizens alike民众alike之流的人们physicians and citizens alike医生和市民之类的人们3、Some have breathed sighs of relief；others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.（一些人如释重负,另一些人,包括教会,生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会成员都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击）3.1 breathe sighs [saiz] of relief松了口气breath呼吸（名词）breathe呼吸（动词）sigh叹息sign v.签字,n.迹象,符号A heavy snow is a good sign for a harvest year.瑞雪兆丰年snowstorm暴风雪rainstorm暴风雨relieve 减轻,缓解（动词）relief 减轻,缓解（名词）relieve the burden of pupils 减轻学生的负担relieve the pains and sufferings of the incurably ill patient.3.2to ones relief/anxiety/disappointment,＋句子令某人感到轻松/焦虑/失望的是……3.3 attack抨击,进攻ignorance无知ignore忽略church教会3.4 bill n.法案；广告；账单；[金融] 票据；钞票；清单,vt. 宣布；开账单；用海报宣传3.5 More haste, less speed.=Haste makes waste.欲速则不达proverb谚语,格言3.6 pass通过passage一段（文章）；走廊；通路,通过3.7 association协会CFA（Chinese Football Association）中国足球协会clubs and societies社团和协会4、But the tide is unlikely to turn back. （但这一潮流已无法逆转）4.1 tide潮流,趋势,潮汐follow the tide追随潮流likely=possible 可能的5、In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.（在澳大利亚,人口老龄化,延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用.其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题）5.1 consider doing sth. 认真考虑……6、In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movementis gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.（在美国和加拿大,死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量.观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生的效应）Paragraph 31、Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. （根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案,成年病人可以要求安乐死-可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片来结束痛苦）1.1 the effect taking process生效过程take effect= come into effect生效side-effect副作用1.2 share分享,共同的. We share one world；We share one dream. 同一个世界,同一个梦想.1.3 chief 主要地,首要的CEO 首席执行官；执行总裁（chief executive officer）1.4 adult成年人youngster年轻人Effective measures should be encouraged to put an end to such an upsetting phenomenon/trend/tide.我们应该积极行动起来,采取有效措施来使这种现象不再发生.1.5 letter of request求助信letter of inquiry咨询信letter of complaint投诉信2、The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. （但此前病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓,然后再经过7天的冷静思考期,方可签署一份申请证明）2.1 diagnose诊断（动词）diagnosis诊断（名词）dialogue对话2.2 certificate craze考证热3、After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. （48小时后,才可以满足其安乐死的愿望）3.1 meet the wish=meet one's wish（requirement/need/demand）满足某人的愿望4、For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident （who is）suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.（对于居住于达尔文现年54岁的肺癌患者利奥德·尼克森来说,这个法律意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去）4.1calm平静be characteristic of ……所特有的experience 经历,经验expert 专家,熟练的4.2 intense competition/fear/pain激烈的竞争/极其害怕/剧痛4.3 undergo=experience=go through经历terrible=terrifying 可怕的die from/of 死于……4.4 haunting不易忘怀的,萦绕于心头的；给人以强烈感受的4.5 resident居民5、I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.（从思想上说,我并不害怕死,但我怕的是怎样死,因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎,用手抓他们的面罩时的情景）5.1 from a spiritual point of view从精神的角度5.2主语1）从句2）动名词短语3）不定式短语4）It形式主语5）名词/代词5.3 what I am afraid of is……我所害怕的是……fight for为……而抗争oxygen 氧气claw抓mask面具,口罩Hallowmas万圣节treat or trick？款待或恶作剧？5.4 I will treat you我请客5.5 oppose→opposition反对suspect→suspicion怀疑approval赞同,批准,认可在作者态度题中,以下永远不选1）indifference= indifferent=carefree不关心,不在乎,冷漠2）puzzled=confused=perplexed困惑2）biased=prejudiced=subjective有偏见的,主观的1997 Text 2Paragraph 11、A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous['k??tj?s], and helpful most Americans were to them.（去美国访问的人经常带回报告说,大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人）1.1 visitors to the US去美国的游客technique技巧,技术；手法1.2 mental illness=mental disorder精神病mentally ill精神病患者function功能1.3 consistent policy一贯的政策consistently=always=frequently常常,一直The scientists have put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that they believe themselves.1.4 convince sb. that 使……相信I am convinced that相信court 法庭,法院,球场courteous有礼貌的；谦恭的1.5 hostile敌对的,不友好的,敌对2、To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. （公正的说,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美普遍的现象）2.1 to be brief简言之to be frank坦诚的讲2.2 consistently=always=frequently常常,一直2.3 make observation做评论observation=comment=remark=review评论2.4 arts review文艺评论peer review同行评议pair一对,一双,一把3、There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown inthe US. （当然也有例外.在美国,心胸狭隘的官员,举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见）3.1 There are, of course, exceptions.当然也有例外exceptions can be found to any rule.任何规则都有例外.3.2 Small-minded小心眼的rude粗鲁的ill-mannered不礼貌的3.3 hardly=not 否定are hardly unknown并不少见It is well-known that……4、Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.（尽管有不如意的地方,但因为人们常常得出美国人好客的观察意见,因而也就值得议论一番了）4.1 deserve值得,应该得到You deserve it.你应得的.4.2 comment=review=remark评论Paragraph 21、For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. （过去很长一段时间,在美国很多地方,旅行者的到来因暂时打破原本的单调生活而受人欢迎）1.1 otherwise否则/原来,本来otherwise+句子（翻译为否则）otherwise跟名词短语（翻译为原本、本来）1.2 dull无聊的existence存在,生活dull/busy existence 无聊的/忙碌的生活2、Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. （无聊、孤独是居住相对遥远的家庭的普遍问题）2.1common共同的Xi Jinping exchanged opinions with visiting Russian President Putin on issues of common interest.习近平与来访的俄罗斯总统普京在共同关心的问题上交换意见.2.2 distant 遥远的distance距离generally通常；普遍地,一般地3、Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.（陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎,他们带来了娱乐消遣,还带来了外面世界的消息）3.1 diversion娱乐diverse多样性的Paragraph 31、The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. （边境地区的严酷生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统）1.1 shape 塑造fat脂肪/胖的frontier边界.国境,边界的1.2 harsh realities严酷的现实harsh remarks严厉的评论harsh remarks against 对……严厉的评论1.3 machine 机器mechanistic机械论的,机械学2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. （一个独自旅行的人,如果挨饿、受伤或生病,通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助.）2.1 have nowhere to turn to无处求助settle down定居settlement住所settler定居者bay海湾,狗吠声3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. （对旅行者来说,这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说,这也并非是行善的一时冲动）3.1 merely仅仅charitable impulse慈善的冲动health impulse=Positive Energy正能量3.2 in my opinion（口语化）=on my part=on the part of me=for me我认为4、It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.（它反映了日常生活的严酷：如果你不收留他,那他便无处求助了.请记住,有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇）Paragraph 41、Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. （如今,有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的旅行者）1.1 weary =exhausted=tired筋疲力尽的1.2 charitable organizations慈善组织2、Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. （不过,热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行,尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇）2.1 tourist=traveler=sightseer游客sightseeing观光、旅游2.2 tourist trails 旅游线路tourist stream客流3、I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. (我只是路过,和这个美国人聊了聊,很快,他就请我到他家吃饭-这真令人惊奇)3.1 travel through路过walk through穿越pretty soon相当快take off起飞see sb. off送行set off 出发4、Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. （来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍,但并非总能得到正确理解）4.1 proper正确的,有效的,适当的5、The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被认为是表面或虚假的应酬,而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果）5.1 casual 随意的the casual friendliness of many American许多美国人随意表现出的友善5.2 artificial 假的,人造的Paragraph 51、As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies allsocial interrelationships. （同任何发达国家一样,一系列复杂的文化特征,信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础）1.1 signal 信号assumption假设convention惯例,会议2、And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. （当然,会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解该语言的社会和文化模式.）3、Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. （不能正确诠释文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论）3.1 interpret =translate翻译、解释4、For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may bequite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. （例如,美国人所说的朋友一词,其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的朋友大相径庭）4.1 cultural meanings=cultural implications文化含义5、It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. （要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣,单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的）5.1 encounter =come across偶遇、相逢6、Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.（不过,友好是很多美国人推崇的美德,同时希望邻居和陌生人也能如此）1997 Text 3Paragraph 11、Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. (从专业角度说,除食品外,任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物)1.1 technically从专业的角度来说/从专业技术的角度来说substance物质substantial大量的1.2drug药物drug store药店alter=change改变body身体bodily=physical身体的physician 医生mental心理的How to be mentally healthy 如何做到心理健康. Physically healthy身体健康mentally ill 心理疾病1.3 function功能alter改变shift改变2、Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. （很多人错误地认为药物这个词仅仅指某些药品或是吸毒者服用的违禁化学品）2.1 the term 这一术语sort =kind=type种类,类型chemistry化学chemical化学的2.2addict=drug addict吸毒的人,瘾君子It takes two or three generations to contract a new educational system.3、They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. （他们没有意识到诸如酒精、烟草这些我们熟悉的物质也是药物）3.1 take in excess过度服用smart phones=mobile phones=cell phones手机3.2 family家庭familiar 熟悉的,常见的,常客neutral中性的,中立的3.3 alcohol酒精tobacco烟草4、This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. （这也是现在许多内科医生和心理学家使用物质这个更加中性的词的原因）4.1 neutral['nju?tr(?)l]中性的,中立的5、The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.（他们常用物质滥用而不用药物滥用来清楚表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害）5.1 phrase短语word 单词idiom成语expression表达5.2 abuse 滥用,虐待abuse of power滥用权力abuse captives['k?ptiv]俘虏；专属公司（captive 的复数）5.3 minister牧师,部长,大臣father父亲,神父harmful=poisonous['p??z?n?s]（有毒的,有害的）Paragraph 21、We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. （我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用都很广泛的社会里：用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林,用来应酬的酒,早晨用来提神的咖啡,还有定神用的香烟）1.1 substance物质medicine药物clinical临床的pervasive=prevalent=widespread普遍的,广泛的1.2 The given phenomenon is so pervasive that a great deal of attention should be paid to it.1.3 quiet安静的、使安静下来alcohol白酒beer啤酒wine葡萄酒nerve神经nervous紧张的1.4 cell phone=mobile phone=smart phone手机take some medicine and you will feel better.1.5 have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃饭take medicine吃药2、When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? （使用这些物质得到了社会认可,且显然具有积极的作用,但什么时候就变成滥用了呢）2.1 apparently=clearly=obviously=evidently=conspicuously 明显地,清楚地construct建设、建造、打造3、First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. （首先,大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响,如中毒或严重的感知错乱）3.1 aspirin阿司匹林sleeping pills安眠药4、Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.（反复使用一种物质可以导致成瘾或对该物质的依赖）4.15、Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.（依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量,要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大,而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状）5.1Paragraph 31、Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.（影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物（物质）属于对神经起显著作用的物质）1.1 affect=influence=impact影响（动词）effect=influence=impact影响（名词）1.2 central nervous system中枢神经系统perceive[p?'si?v]察觉,感觉；理解；认知perception 感觉,知觉,看法,洞察力alter=change 改变1.3 alter perception, mood, and behavior [b??he?vj?]改变认知、情绪和行为1.4 commonly=generally通常,总的来说2、Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.（它们通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂）2.1 stimulate ['st?mj?le?t]刺激supply and demand需求stimulant兴奋剂depress使压抑depressant镇静剂hallucinogen致幻剂,迷幻剂illusion幻觉2.2 GDP国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）2.3 other than 而不是3、Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. （兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动）3.1 activate刺激,激活,有活力host主办,主人host country主办国,东道主host city 东道主,主办城市3.2 initial 初步的,最初的His gift in the piano was initially manifested in the fact that3.3manifest=revealed=show=demonstrate=indicate=suggest显示,显现,表明4、Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. （幻觉剂主要影响人的感知,通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变,其中包括产生幻觉）4.1 distort and alter扭曲和改变5、These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.（这些物质常被认为能引起幻觉（psychedelic一词源于希腊语,意为心灵显现）,因为它们似乎能改变人的意识状态）1997 Text 4Paragraph 11、No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. （没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏）1.1 moral decline道德衰退on the decline在衰退/走下坡路decline the invitation 婉拒邀请2、Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? （参议员罗伯特?多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说：难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成？）2.1 senator参议院senior高级的,辈分高的junior初级的,辈分低的2.2 executive执行官,执行的sell卖（sold,sold）soul 灵魂serve the people with heart and soul全心全意为人民服务2.3 corrupt腐蚀,腐败的threaten=endanger威胁threat威胁danger危险2.4 what I intend to accomplish（with my career）is that……我职业生涯想要完成的是……3、At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It`s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.（不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表白,是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省）3.1 manifestation显示、表明manifest清楚的、明显的,v.显示、表明latest最近的examine检查examination考试assist帮助assistance帮助assistant助手smog 烟雾haze 阴霾fog and haze 雾霾3.2 core核心、核心的debate争论,争议、争吵a hotly debated topic一个热议的话题Paragraph 21、At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.（于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·莱文是争论的焦点人物）1.1 take over接替,接管hand over交出turn over移交the late Chinese leader已故的中国领导人2、On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company`s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. （财政方面,他承受着抬高股价,减少公司巨额债务的压力,在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,债务将达到173亿美元）2.1 frontier ['fr?nt??; fr?n't??]边界、国界,边界的、开拓的2.2 deal交易exchange交易,交换,交流cable电缆CNN美国有线电视新闻网络（Cable News Network）2.3 VOA美国之音(Voice Of America) BBC英国广播公司（British Broadcasting Corporation）3、He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.（他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着）3.1 property财产intellectual property知识产权；著作权private property私有财产；私有制3.2 restructure调整；重建structure结构patient有耐心的,患者the incurable ill patients绝症患者Paragraph 31、The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company`s rap music on the grounds of expression. （人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过.莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐）1.1 ×××is not making life any easier for him某事并没有使他的日子变得好过.1.2 rap 说唱rapid迅猛的make rapid progress取得迅速的进步rock and roll摇滚乐hip-hop街舞hip臀部hop跳job-hopping跳槽job-hippers跳槽者heap一堆,堆积hip臀部1.3defend=justify捍卫,保卫、辩护monitor班长,显示器critic 批评者criticism 评论,批评arts criticism=arts review艺术评论accuse/charge起诉attack抨击1.4 consistent policy一贯政策on the grounds of基于……的理由on the grounds that＋句子以……为根据2、In 1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T`s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. （1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径）2.1legal=lawful=legitimate expression合法的表达deserve应该得到,值得You deserve it.你应该得到.2.2street culture街头文化outlet出口,发泄口,批发商店release [r?'li?s]发行release a song/movie发行音乐/电影2.3 bitterly attack 猛烈抨击under fire受到严厉批评；遭到攻击violent rap song 宣扬暴力的说唱歌曲2.4 violence暴力,暴乱violate ['va??le?t]违反,违犯violate the law违反法律2.5 cop=police警察copper n. 铜；铜币；警察adj. 铜制的3、The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies notin how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. （他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒）3.1 column专栏Wall Street Journal华尔街日报test测试,考试,检测democracy 民主democratic民主的science3.2 the Democratic Progressive Party民进党the liberal democratic party 自民党the Communist Party共产党3.3lie in 在于……longitude ['l?n(d)??tju?d; 'l??g?-]经度latitude 纬度,幅度give freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude给思想和表达自由尽可能广泛的空间3.4 however后跟有逗号,表示转折（然而,但是）. 没有逗号（无论多么,尽管）small-minded心胸狭窄的3.5 However powerful China become,it will never threaten other nation.无论中国多么强大,它永远不会威胁其他国家. threaten our nation威胁我们的国家corrupt our nation腐蚀我们的国家3.6 irritate ['?r?te?t]令人恼火的think tank智囊团disputable有讨论余地的；真假可疑的,有争议的4、We won`t retreat in the face of any threats.（我们不会在任何威胁面前退却）4.1retreat= withdraw撤退,后退threat威胁predominance [pr?'d?m?n?ns]优势,卓越achieve predominance达到辉煌the retreat from predominance从辉煌退下shrink收缩,畏缩Paragraph 41、Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month`s stockholders`meeting. （莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论,但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和.在上个月的股东会议上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论）1.1signs of recovery 复苏的迹象signs of the slowdown/slack经济放缓的迹象back off=retreat后退,撤退1.2 to some extend在某种程度上hard line stand强硬立场stockholder=shareholder股东stock=share股票1.3 stock market swings股市波动stock exchange股票交易2、Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society`s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. （莱文宣称音乐不是社会问题的病因,他甚至还以自己为例.他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流）2.1 assert维护,坚持；断言；主张；声称humanity人类；人道；仁慈；2.2 cure=treatment=therapy=remedy治愈,补救cite[sa?t]引用；传讯；想起；表彰3、But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. （但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题.他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准）3.1 balance struggle between平衡……之间的斗争strive努力struggle斗争,奋斗3.2 initiate= launch发起,开始,发射launch a nationwide campaign to curb internet addiction发起全国范围的运动来控制网络成瘾launch a drive to发起一场运动,3.3 distribute分配；散布；分开；把…分类label标签distribution and labeling 发行和标识3.4 object to=oppose to反对objectionable讨厌的；会引起反对的；有异议的3.5 potential 潜在的potential customers潜在的客户potentialobjectionable music潜在的令人讨厌的音乐Paragraph 51、The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. （总的来说,时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的.）1.1 corporate strategy公司策略corporation 公司member会员,成员marketing strategy市场营销战略1.2 clubs and societies社团和协会member country会员国1.3 be supportive of=support支持in favor of=favor 支持object to=oppose to 反对2、But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people （who are）associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.（但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧.我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,鲁斯说,我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点.）2.1 the First Amendment宪法第一修正案the Constitution宪法perhaps可能2.2 be associated with=be related to与…有关come to realize 认识到1997 Text 5Paragraph 11、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. （很多用来描述货币政策的词,如引导经济软着陆,触动经济刹车,听起来像是一门精确的科学.）1.1 Much of the language=much language许多语言many of。
反安乐死英语作文
反安乐死英语作文The issue of euthanasia, often referred to as "mercy killing," has prompted intense debates in society,particularly regarding the ethics and morality of allowing individuals to end their own lives in the face of unbearable suffering. While proponents of euthanasia argue for the right to choose one's own fate, there are compelling reasons to stand against it.Firstly, the sanctity of life must be considered. Life is inherently valuable, and the act of ending it, even with the justification of alleviating pain, undermines this value. By permitting euthanasia, society risks normalizing the ideathat some lives are less worthy, particularly those of the elderly, disabled, or chronically ill. This perspective could lead to a slippery slope where vulnerable individuals feelpressured to choose death over being a perceived burden to their families or to society.Moreover, allowing euthanasia can have dire implications for the medical profession. Doctors are sworn to do no harm, and their primary role is to heal and care for patients. Introducing euthanasia as an option may conflict with this duty, potentially undermining the trust patients place in their healthcare providers. Patients might question whether their physicians are genuinely pursuing curative treatment or if they are merely waiting for the right moment to suggest ending their suffering through euthanasia, which coulddistort the patient-doctor relationship.Additionally, there are often alternative treatments and palliative care options available that can alleviatesuffering without resorting to euthanasia. Advances in medical science have made it possible to manage pain and provide emotional support to those facing terminal illnesses.Focusing on improving these alternatives should be thepriority rather than hastily offering euthanasia as a solution.The emotional and psychological ramifications of euthanasia cannot be overlooked either. The decision to end one's life is not made lightly, and many individuals in desperate circumstances may not be in the right state of mind to make such a profound choice. Feelings of hopelessness, despair, and depression can cloud judgment, leading to decisions that might not accurately reflect a person's true desires or values. Protection of vulnerable populations is crucial; more robust mental health support systems should be established to assist those who are suffering rather than offering a permanent solution to temporary problems.In conclusion, the case against euthanasia is grounded in the respect for life, the integrity of the medical profession, the availability of alternative treatments, and theprotection of vulnerable individuals. Society must recognize the potential consequences of legalizing euthanasia and instead focus on enhancing palliative care and mental health resources. Upholding the sanctity of life should remain paramount, ensuring that all individuals receive the care and support they need during their most challenging times.。
支持安乐死的英语作文
支持安乐死的英语作文英文回答：Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, is a topic that sparks heated debates worldwide. Proponents of euthanasia argue that individuals should have the right to end their own lives with dignity, especially when faced with terminal illnesses, unbearable pain, or severe mental health conditions. They emphasize the principle of patient autonomy and the importance of respecting individuals' wishes. Additionally, they contend that euthanasia can alleviate suffering and prevent prolonged agony, providing comfort and peace to those who choose it.Opponents of euthanasia, on the other hand, raise concerns about the potential for abuse, coercion, and slippery slopes. They argue that legalizing euthanasia could lead to a devaluation of life and increased pressure on vulnerable individuals to end their lives. Critics also express concerns about the potential for misdiagnosis andmistakes, emphasizing the need for extreme caution and a robust regulatory framework. Furthermore, they argue that euthanasia undermines the role of palliative care and hospice services, which focus on providing comfort and pain management without ending life.In many countries, the legal status of euthanasia varies. Some jurisdictions have legalized euthanasia under strict conditions, while others prohibit it entirely. In the United States, for example, euthanasia is generally illegal, but certain states have legalized physician-assisted suicide under specific circumstances.The debate surrounding euthanasia is complex and involves a range of ethical, legal, medical, and religious considerations. There are valid arguments on both sides of the issue, and it is a matter that requires careful deliberation and compassionate dialogue.中文回答：安乐死。
The Ethics of Euthanasia
The Ethics of EuthanasiaThe topic of euthanasia is a highly controversial issue that has been debated for many years. Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. It is a complex issue that raises many ethical questions and challenges the values of society.One of the main arguments in favor of euthanasia is that it allows individuals to die with dignity. Many people who are terminally ill or suffering from a debilitating condition may feel that their quality of life has deteriorated to the point where they no longer wish to live. Euthanasia can provide a way for these individuals to end their suffering and die peacefully.However, opponents of euthanasia argue that it is morally wrong to intentionally end a life. They argue that all life is sacred and that it is not our place to decide when someone should die. Some opponents also argue that legalizing euthanasia could lead to abuse, with vulnerable individuals being pressured into ending their lives.Another perspective on euthanasia is the role of medical professionals in the decision-making process. Some argue that doctors have a duty to relieve their patients' suffering, even if that means helping them to end their lives. Others argue that doctors should not be involved in euthanasia at all, as it goes against their obligation to preserve life and do no harm.There is also the question of the impact of euthanasia on society as a whole. Legalizing euthanasia could have a significant impact on how we view the value of human life. Some argue that it could lead to a devaluation of life, with people viewing death as an easy way out of difficult situations. Others argue that legalizing euthanasia could lead to a more compassionate society, where individuals are able to make their own choices about how they live and die.Ultimately, the issue of euthanasia is a complex one that raises many ethical questions. It challenges our values and beliefs about the value of human life and the role of medicalprofessionals in end-of-life care. While there are valid arguments on both sides of the debate, it is important that we continue to have open and honest discussions about this issue in order to find a solution that is in the best interests of society as a whole.。
研一英语读写佳境修改后的词汇填空
Test OnePart Ⅰ VocabularySection ADirections: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. His career was not noticeably__________by the fact that he had never been to college.A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained2. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be_______in deeper.A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked3. To_______for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment4. All visitors are requested to_________with his regulations.A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent5. The captain__________the horizon for approaching ships.A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept6. The vast majority of people in any given culture will________to the established standards of that culture.A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm7. Although he was on a diet, the food__________him enormously.A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged8. His argument doesn't suggest that mankind can_________to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle9. If you want this painkiller, you will have to ask the doctor for a____________ .A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription10. Some fish have a greater__________for acid water than others.A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in______with its surroundings.A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance12. The court considers a financial_________to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) payment B) obligation C) option D)penalty13. It is true that_________a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating14. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national_________to agriculture than most other countries.A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy15. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is__________ .A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment16. The students showed ____________when solving the difficult math problem.A) ingenuity B) validity C) impurity D) infinity17. The document is__________unless it is officially stamped.A) valid B) deliberate C) confidential D) invalid18. She showed taste and _______________in furnishing her home.A) recognition B) discrimination C) realization D) normalization19. Do you have a ___________of ownership for this car?A) document B) label C) passport D) certificate20. The original canal was twice__________for the larger modern boats.A) broadened B) brightened C) flattened D) strengthened21. A building__________the idea of the architect.A) embodies B) embraces C) integrates D) deviates22. The boy __________up the room again by dropping bits of paper everywhere.A) messed B) threw C) confused D) upset23. People had been conscious of the problem before, but the new book made them aware of its________ .A) manuscript B) multitude C) masterpiece D) magnitude24. His________habits soon exhausted all the money he had inherited.A) significant B) extravagant C) exquisite D) fantastic25. The story was___________; it was complete untrue.A) facilitated B) fascinated C) fabricated D) formulated26. He_______several paragraphs from the newspaper article to read at the meeting.A) concentrated B) omitted C) distracted D) extracted27. The young man __________himself bitterly for his behavior that evening.A) approached B) reproached C) praised D) encouraged28. In the sentence ―She lives alone by himself‖, the word alone is___________ .A) artificial B) necessary C) suitable D) redundant29. At present, China has signed many_________trade agreements with other countries.A) comprehensive B) reciprocal C) favorable D) advantageous30. A country isn't respected if it__________an international agreement.A) simplifies B) cancels C)postpones D)violatesSection BDirections: For each of the italicized words or phrases, four choices are given. Choose the one that best explains or defines the italicized part.1. The plane took a dramatic dive along the trajectory of the mighty Angle Falls – the longest waterfall in the world – as it down into Devil‘s Canyon.A) ascended B) fell C) dropped D) plummeted2. It was one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever , but almost equally incredulous was the fact that we were the only ones there!A) saw B) beheld C) looked at D) thought about3. But the Pemon are extremely hosts. From the moment we arrived, it was clear that they were genuinely excited to share their culture and learn about us.A) compassionate B) attractive C) gracious D) unfriendly4. Our quickly disappeared and before we knew it, we were dancing alongside the Pemon.A) embarrasment B) oppression C) suppression D) inhibitions5. As much as I found the trip , I would not say it is for everyone.A) cheerful B) exhilarating C) interesting D) charming6. Three of the five nights were spent in hammocks, which did not suit everyone‘s natural .A) outline B) inclinations C) tendency D) contours7. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the of ultimate righteousness.A) excuse B) mantle C) consideration D) protection8. Reasons for the latest of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find.A) uprising B) upgrading C) surge D) rolling9. He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment for providing poison to a lonely 83-year-old woman suffering from severe back pains, as well as deafness and blindness.A) surge B) serious C) deadly D) initiative10. Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuses.A) arguments B) reasons C) evidence D) ammunition11. The proposal produced a storm of in France.A) offense B) outrage C) criticism D) hatred12. Hitler's horrifying program of the weakest members of society regularly comes up in Europeandebates on euthanasia.A) exterminating B) destroying C) extinguishing D) expelling13. From the time when we first begin to make friends with the opposite sex, to when we start dating and , till we finally take the plunge and get married, few of us realize that we are gambling all along.A) going steady B) becoming regular C) getting absorbed D) getting normal14. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and .A) indifference B) cynicism C) unfeeling D) apathy15. If a man makes gambling , he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.A) an instinct B) an obsession C) a good idea D) an impulse16. Ever since then, he had developed an palm and got so addicted to gambling that nothing and nobody can stop him.A) irritating B) annoying C) restless D) itching17. We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an to a colorless and dreary existence.A) change B) remedy C) modification D) opiate18. This idea is more today than before.A) difficult to see B) actually legal C) favored D) appropriate19. The ice will fast on a warm day like this.A)freeze B) dissolve C)melt D) flow20. New duties were on wines and spirits.A) removed B) cut C) imposed D) checked21. But whenever a new and fast method of transport comes up, Americans are quick to the old.A) destroy B) improve C) discard D) decide22. All foreign troops must from the country.A) retire B) retain C) withdraw D) revise23. There was no of poison in the coffee the chemist analyzed.A) trace B) taste C) color D) smell24. You always follow your own instead of thinking of our feelings.A) conducts B) profits C) occupations D) inclinations25. The farm ministers scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxemburg in hopes of easing the worldwide mad cow .A) panic B) peril C) hazard D) alarmTest TwoPart ⅠVocabulary6. A washing machine of this type will certainly _____ up to normal domestic use.A) hold B) stand C) come D) take7. Passengers are_____ not to leave their cases and packages here.A) commanded B) informed C) notified D) ordered8. Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?A) stand in for B) make up for C) fall back on D) keep in with9. Complete the form as _____ in the notes below.A) insisted B) specified C) implied D) devised10. We couldn't ______ the old lady to travel by air.A) initiate B) inquire C) induce D) indicate11. A promising executive should be ready to welcome tight ______ and hard work.A) deposit B) bid C) speed D) budget12. Guess whom I ______ into this morning.A) hit B) stepped C) bumped D) met13. The new director of the television station wants to ______ its programs.A) divide B) decide C) diversify D) divert14. The educational plan will fail because it has no______ .A) vacation B) version C) vision D) variation15. Mark offered to help me to learn English .A) on duty B) in vain C) on purpose D) in earnest16. The international community imposed ______ on that country for its terrorism.A) sanctions B) safeguards C) tariffs D) measures17. Don't be carried away by mere_____ in this matter.A) sentiment B) sensitivity C) session D) sensation18. Difficulties and hardships have ______ the best qualities of the young geologist.A) brought out B) brought aboutC) brought forth D) brought up19. The hall was very crowed with over fifty people ______ into it.A) pushed B) packed C) stuck D) stuffed20. If the land belongs to you, why don't you lay ______ to it?A) label B) demand C) right D) claimSection B1. Many laughs followed statements such as ―It was nice meeting you, too.‖A) special B) mundane C) sour D) funny2. The Chamber of Commerce local business.A) restrains B) controls C) boosts D) oversees3. In our life, it is likely for us to have some with others.A) conflict B) friction C) harmony D) connection4. as a mature student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions.A) serving B) Masquerading C) escort D) dressing up5. The Irish people have a hatred toward the British government after the Irish famine.A) forged B) influence C) indulge D) inquiry6. Other experts that some laughter is indeed aggressive in nature.A) concede B) announce C) assert D) insist7. If these bad weather conditions , the game will be canceled.A) stay B) persist C) permit D) insist8. The doctor did not the possibility of food poisoning.A) foresee B) accept C) rule out D) foretell9. There are differences between these two words.statementaccurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) issued C) predicted D) reported12. The simple plan into a complicated scheme.A) evolved B) summarized C) exaggerated D) transformed13. They give top to protecting endangered animals.A) favor B) assistance C) significance D) priority14. Most traditional folk songs are of anonymous origin.Test ThreePart I VocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Fears that globalization is imposing a deadening cultural uniformity are as as Coca-Cola, McDonald‘s, and Mickey Mouse these days.A) troublesome B) enticing C) ubiquitous D) disgusting2. If critics of globalization were less obsessed with ―Coca-colonization,‖ they might notice a rich feast of cultural mixing that fears about Americanized uniformity.A) lies beneath B) belies C) disapproves D) strengthens3. The beauty of globalization is that it can free people from the of geography.A) restraint B) tyranny C) demoralization D) imposition4. For a start, many ―American‖ products are not as all-American as they seem.A) characteristic B) archetypal C) synthetic D) artificial5. Most of the world has adopted the metric system born from the French Revolution; America persists with measurements inherited from its British-colonial past.A) time-honored B) antique C) antiquated D) consistent6. The biggest publisher in the English-speaking world is Germany‘s Bertelsmann, whichAm erica‘s largest, Random House, in 1998.A) ate quickly B) eroded C) hammered D) gobbled up7. People‘s culture—in the sense of their shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge, inherited traditions, and art—may scarcely be eroded by mere commercial artifacts that, despite all the furious branding, embody at best values.A) unconvincing B) flimsy C) superficial D) commercial8. Most developed countries have become intensely , but many Americans burn with fundamentalist fervor—like Muslims in the Middle East.A) secular B) pious C) religious D) superstitious9. Latin American salsa, Brazilian lambada, and African music have all carved out globalfor themselves. In most countries, local artists still top the charts.A) fans B) enthusiasts C) musicians D) niches10. Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; now their soccer team isof national pride.A) an embellishment B) the embodiment C) emblematic D) an embarrassment11. ―What's happening now is the trisection of world power,‖ he continued. ―nations on the bottom, smokestack countries in between, and knowledge-based economies on top.‖A) Agrarian B) uncivilized C) underdeveloped D) underprivileged12. The electric-light bills must be very modest indeed, for there are no flashing signs to the eye, no gaudily dressed windows to tempt the feet to loiter.A) arrest B) assault C) shield D) glisten13. If you have the (as I once had) actually to walk into one of these establishments wearing a ready-made suit, you will regret it.A) rashness B) audacity C) tenacity D) shrewdness14. Meanwhile, the tailors themselves, so neat, so clean, so , are busy with the pins and the chalk.A) gracious B) spruce C) deft D) polished15. My usual trouser man is smaller and livelier, more bustling, more cheerful gossip. A long and intimate acquaintance with trousers has made him far more democratic and earthy.A) hostile to B) sensitive to C) detached from D) given to16. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of prejudice.A) insular B) hypothetical C) irrational D) foolproof17. The first step—waking up to the of the world's environmental problems—has in a sense been under way for more than two decades.A) dimensions B) impacts C) urgency D) irreversibility18. Environmental concerns were viewed by many Third World leaders in 1972 as ―luxury problems‖ that onlyrich nations could afford to deal with. Although this view is still by some, it has a thoroughly unconvincing ring.A) loathed B) espoused C) rectified D) verified19. Meanwhile, foreign-aid donations have stagnated since the mid-1980s, and $ 1.2 trillion worth of foreign debt has accumulated, sapping financial earnings and the credit-worthiness of low-income countries.A) undermining B) illustrating C) underlying D) magnifying20. While the rich may on the upper decks and protect themselves for a while, they too are ultimately threatened.A) shelter B) congregate C) relax D) watch indifferently21. A sustainable society is one that satisfies its needs without the prospects of future generations.A) disturbing B) neglecting C) jeopardizing D) penalizing22. The Merrill Center the new wave of ―green architecture,‖ a catchall term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals.A) revolutionizes B) quantifies C) epitomizes D) parallels23. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold.A) shadowing B) relieving C) benefiting D) shielding24. Relying on an incomplete accounting system, one that does not measure the destruction of natural capital associated with gains in economic output, we our productive assets, satisfying our needs today at the expense of our children.A) reduce greatly B) drain C) deplete D) liquidate25. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Yet they make no mention of some less aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles.A) civilized B) salubrious C) ostensible D) formidableSection BDirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeedbe__________.A. restlessB. skilledC. strongD. versatile27. It is a(n) ___________ that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.A) analogy B) paradox C) correlation D) illusion28. He said that ending the agreement would _________ the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.A) venture B) expose C) jeopardize D) legalize29. These continual ________ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transformations B) relations C) fluctuations D) expeditions30. The conference discussed, ________, the possibility and measures of environmental pollution protection.A) all the same B) in the long runC) among other things D) to the point31. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled32. Parents often faced the ________ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise33. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his________ as he developed his own technique.A) descendants B) predecessors C) successors D) ancestors34. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ________ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A) assigning B) admitting C) involving D) enrolling35. It seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20- minute meeting.A) eccentric B) impossible C) absurd D) unique36. Professor Smith explained the movement of light___________ that of water.A) by analogy with B) by virtue of C)in line with D)in terms of37. The hands on my alarm clock are __________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.A) exotic B) gorgeous C) luminous D) spectacular38. The Government‘s policies will come under close ________ in the weeks before the election.A) appreciation B) specification C) scrutiny D) apprehension39. Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be _________ to have withdrawn from the program.A) contemplated B) deemed C) acknowledged D) anticipated40. Police and villagers unanimously _________ the forest fire to thunder and lightning.A) ascribed B) approached C) confirmed D) confined41. You shouldn‘t _______ your father‘s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.A) deduce B) deliberate C) defy D) denounce42. The company management attempted to _______information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.A) suppress B) supplement C) concentrate D) plug43. High grades are supposed to____________ academic ability, but John's actual performance did not confirmthis.A) certify B) clarify C) classify D) notify44. Millions of people around the world have some type of physical, mental, or emotional __________ that severely limits their abilities to manage their daily activities.A) scandal B) misfortune C) deficit D) handicap45. During the famine, many people were __________ to going without food for days.A. sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined46. The team‘s efforts to score were __________ by the opposing goalkeeper.A. frustratedB. preventedC. discouragedD. accomplished47. The software is a popular tool in business, where it ________ and simplifies such procedures as budgeting.A) puts on B) puts forward C) takes after D) speeds up48. In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to __________ with some of her most treasured possessions.A. divideB. separateC. partD. abandon49. Years after the accident he was still _________ by images of death and destruction.A) twisted B) dipped D) submerged50. Tom is bankrupt now. He is desperate because all his efforts __________ failure.A) tumbled to B) hinged upon C) inflicted on D) culminated inTest FourPart ⅠVocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence there are four words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1.We can‘t the suspect to be guilty simply because they have decided to remain silent.A) assume B) resumeC) consume D) agree the idea that2.The group remain in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in thenewspapers.A) happy B) angry C) steadfast D) strange3.Among other things, the museum boasts an collection of French Porcelain.A) unlocked B) unrivaled C) unknown D) unsolved4．The closure of the factory could the lives of thousands of families in the area whose incomes depend on it.A) support B) decide C) dedicate D) devastate5．Throughout history, peopled have been by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.A) lead B) intrigued C) complicated D) explained6. Northern areas of the country were by/in a snowstorm last night.A) engulfed B) tested C) escaped D) discover7．The detail of her wildlife painting is a to her power of observation.A) test B) exam C) testament D) statement8．The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday new life into the weekends.A）take B) get C) throw D) infuses9．The new technique involves surgeons making small in the skin into which tubes are inserted.A) decision B) discussion C) incisions D) pot10．Seeing the children in the park thoughts of his own sons on the other side of the Atlantic.A) prompted B) promote C) protect D) throw to11.‗Spitting image‘ is a British television program which the political events of the past week.A) satirizes B) praises C) comments D) explain calmly12. The money he got from teaching evening classes provides a to his income of his job to pay the10-year housing loan.A) compliment B) supplement C) addition D) supervision13. He had a suspicion that the certificate was forgery, but on closer , it seemed OK.A) incision B) installation C) inflammation D) inspection14. It was snowing heavily in the mountain areas. The drivers were facing the dual of black ice andfrozen snow.A) decision B) donation C) provision D) hazards15. The Beatles‘ rise to fame was quite ---in less than two years it was a household name, for nobodyhad heard anything like that before.A) noticeable B) phenomenal C) complicated D) precautious16. After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keeping about his past,which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.A) reticent B) talkative C) practical D) romantic17. She was very as she was waiting for the interview because she know there were a lot ofcandidates competing for the position in this big company.A) intelligent B) tense C) decisive D) confident18. Psychologists were to discover that volunteers in the experiment were often willing to inflictpain on others If they were told to.A) decided B) agreed C) astounded D) enjoyed19.For this venture to be really successful we must start by the enthusiasm of parent, teachers andpupils.A) throwing away B) leading to C) taking out D) mustering20.A statement issued by the t wo companies uses the phrase ―increased cooperation‖, thereby inferringquite accurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) issued C) predicted D) reportedSection BDirections: There are twenty sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.1. The computer revolution may well change society as______ as did the Industrial Revolution.A) certainly B) insignificantlyC) fundamentally D) comparatively2. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than that of the earth;_________, the force of gravity at the moon's surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth‘s surface.A) in consequence B) in nature C) in essence D) in practice3. One of the wildest and most ___________ parts of the United States is the Everglades where wild life is abundant and largely protected.A) unattainable B) unavailable C) inaccessible D) unobtainable4. The tourists __________ through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.A) glanced B) glimpsed C) peered D) peeped5. Shaka _________ power and became the king of the Zulus upon the death of his father.A) presumed B) resumed C) consumed D) assumed6. Good lighting in factories leads to greater comfort, higher___________ and productivity, fewer mistakes and accidents.A) profusion B) proficiency C) efficiency D) efficacy7. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial __________ will be conducted by computer.A) transactions B) transmissionsC) transitions D) transformations8. Just imagine the shock of the Prime Minister when three of his senior Cabinet colleagues______________ and resigned in protest on Friday night.A) revolved B) resolved C) revived D) revolted9. For Americans a friendship may be_________,casual, situational or deep and enduring. But to an European, who sees only the surface behavior, the differences are not clear.A) identical B) superficial C) compulsory D) beneficial10. What we mean by salesmanship often refers to the ability to __________ people to willingly buy products or support new ideas.A) deduce B) reduce C) induce D) seduce11. The means ________ the scientists transformed the invention into application came largely from their years of studies and experiments.A) wherein B) whereon C) whereof D) whereby12. Being introduced to someone may be a signal to bow in one country while in another it is a ____________ to shake hands.A) cure B) cue C) coup D) core13. If you push hard on the world, the world will push back on you;_____________, if you touch the world gently, the world will touch you gently .A) in return B) in the long run C) in turn D) in place14. We must cherish experience acquired__________ our own blood.A) by reason of B) at the mercy ofC) at the cost of D) by virtue of15. While machines have rescued farmers from a mainly labor-intensive existence, still the ______________ on weather plagues their days.A) availability B) changeability C) dependence D) relevance16. The successful hijacking _____________ a number of terrorist activities.A) triggered B) propelled C) upheld D) testified17. Workers in America are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not_________ the test of international competition.A) put up with B) stick up for C) stand up to D) face up to18. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly_______________ to another subject.A) committed B) favored C) switched D) transmitted19. In a _____________ between the management and the union, a 4% pay raise was agreed on in return for an increase in productivity.A) promise B) collaboration C) compromise D) cooperation20. The president's abuse of power and negligence of duty were ________________ in all the newspapers.A) renounced B) demonstrated C) protested D) denounced11。
Ethics of Euthanasia
Ethics of EuthanasiaEuthanasia is a contentious issue that has been debated for decades. It refers to the deliberate ending of a person's life to relieve them of their suffering. The ethical implications of euthanasia are complex, and different perspectives exist on the subject. This essay will explore the ethics of euthanasia from multiple perspectives.From a utilitarian perspective, euthanasia is ethically acceptable if it results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In this case, the greatest good is the relief of suffering. If a person is in excruciating pain, and their quality of life is significantly diminished, euthanasia may be the best option. It would relieve the person of their pain and suffering, and it would also relieve the burden on their loved ones who are caring for them. In this way, euthanasia can be seen as a compassionate act that benefits many people.However, opponents of euthanasia argue that it is morally wrong to take a person's life, regardless of the circumstances. They believe that life is sacred and that it is not up to anyone to decide when it should end. From this perspective, euthanasia is seen as a form of murder, regardless of the intentions behind it. This is a deeply held belief for many people, and it is difficult to argue against it.Another perspective on euthanasia is the deontological perspective. This perspective is based on the idea that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences. From a deontological perspective, euthanasia is always wrong because it involves taking a person's life, which is inherently wrong. This perspective is based on the idea that human life has intrinsic value, and that it is not up to anyone to decide when it should end.Another argument against euthanasia is that it could be abused. If euthanasia were legal, there is a risk that it could be used to dispose of people who are seen as a burden on society. This could include elderly people who are no longer able to care for themselves, or people with disabilities who require significant support. This is a valid concern, and it is important to ensure that any laws around euthanasia are carefully crafted to prevent abuse.From a religious perspective, euthanasia is often seen as morally wrong. Many religions believe that life is a gift from God, and that it is not up to humans to decide when it should end. In some religions, euthanasia is seen as a sin that can lead to eternal damnation. However, there are also religious perspectives that support euthanasia. For example, some Buddhist teachings emphasize compassion and the relief of suffering, which could be interpreted as supporting euthanasia in certain circumstances.In conclusion, the ethics of euthanasia are complex, and different perspectives exist on the subject. From a utilitarian perspective, euthanasia can be seen as a compassionate act that benefits many people. However, opponents of euthanasia argue that it is morally wrong to take a person's life, regardless of the circumstances. From a deontological perspective, euthanasia is always wrong because it involves taking a person's life, which is inherently wrong. There is also a risk that euthanasia could be abused if it were legal, which is a valid concern. Finally, from a religious perspective, euthanasia is often seen as morally wrong, but there are also religious perspectives that support it in certain circumstances. Ultimately, the ethics of euthanasia are a deeply personal issue, and it is up to each individual to decide where they stand on the subject.。
事情不是非黑即白英语作文
事情不是非黑即白英语作文标题，The Shades of Grey in Life。
Life is often portrayed as a series of binary choices, where situations are either black or white, right or wrong. However, upon closer inspection, it becomes evident thatthe reality of life is far more nuanced, existing invarious shades of grey. This essay explores the complexityof human experiences and decisions, highlighting the intricacies that lie beyond simplistic categorizations.In our daily lives, we encounter numerous situations where the distinction between good and bad is not clear-cut. Take, for instance, the dilemma faced by a person who finds a wallet filled with cash on the street. The conventional black-and-white approach dictates that returning the wallet intact is the right thing to do, while keeping the moneyfor oneself is unquestionably wrong. However, what if the individual who discovers the wallet is struggling to make ends meet, and the money could alleviate their financialburden? In such a scenario, the decision is not as straightforward as it initially seems. This illustrates how moral choices are often influenced by subjective circumstances, blurring the lines between right and wrong.Furthermore, societal norms and cultural values add another layer of complexity to moral decision-making. What may be considered acceptable behavior in one culture could be deemed taboo in another. For example, the concept of arranged marriages is widely accepted in some societies, while it is viewed as archaic and restrictive in others. Similarly, practices such as euthanasia and abortion provoke intense debates worldwide, with proponents and opponents presenting compelling arguments from their respective moral standpoints. These contrasting perspectives underscore the diverse interpretations of morality, demonstrating that what is morally permissible in one context may be morally reprehensible in another.Moreover, the ambiguity of human emotions further contributes to the grey areas of life. Love, for instance, is often depicted as a pure and virtuous sentiment,transcending all boundaries. However, love can also manifest in ways that are unconventional or morally ambiguous. Consider the case of forbidden love, where individuals find themselves drawn to someone outside the constraints of societal norms or marital obligations. While society may condemn such relationships as morally wrong, the individuals involved may perceive them as genuine expressions of love and fulfillment. This dissonance between societal expectations and personal emotions highlights the complex interplay between morality and human psychology.In addition to moral ambiguity, the pursuit of truth and knowledge also reveals the multifaceted nature of reality. Throughout history, scientific discoveries have challenged prevailing beliefs and ideologies, forcing society to confront uncomfortable truths. Galileo's heliocentric model of the solar system, for instance, contradicted the geocentric view endorsed by the Catholic Church, sparking controversy and condemnation. Similarly, advancements in genetics and artificial intelligence raise ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of life andconsciousness. These ethical dilemmas underscore the limitations of human understanding and the ever-evolving nature of truth.In conclusion, life is not a simple dichotomy of black and white but rather a complex tapestry of grey shades. Moral decisions are influenced by subjective circumstances, cultural values, and emotional complexities, defying rigid categorizations. As we navigate the intricacies of human existence, we must acknowledge the inherent ambiguity of life and embrace the diversity of perspectives that shape our understanding of morality and truth.Total word count: 573。
euthanasia词根词缀
Euthanasia, or "good death" in its literal translation from Greek, is a highly controversial and sensitive topic that has sparked debates and discussions worldwide. The concept of euthanasia revolves around the idea of intentionally ending a person's life to relieve suffering and pain, especially in cases of terminal illnesses or irreversible conditions. This practice, whether it is legalized or not, raises moral, ethical, and legal concerns, making it aplex and multifaceted issue that demands thorough exploration.In this article, we will delve into the depths and expanses of the concept of euthanasia, dissecting its origins, evolution, implications, and controversies. By examining the various perspectives, arguments, and real-life cases surrounding euthanasia, we aim to provide aprehensive and insightful understanding of this thought-provoking topic.1. Origins and DefinitionsThe term "euthanasia" is derived from the Greek roots "eu-" meaning "good" or "well" and "thanatos" meaning "death." From a linguistic perspective, the word itself embodies the essence of the concept – a peaceful, painless, and dignified end to one's life. It is important to note that euthanasia can becategorized into different forms, including voluntary, non-voluntary, and involuntary euthanasia, each with its own ethical considerations and implications.2. Historical and Cultural PerspectivesThroughout history, euthanasia has been intertwined with cultural, religious, and societal beliefs, shaping the attitudes and perceptions towards death and dying. From the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome to the modern-day debates on end-of-life care, the practice of euthanasia has been both condemned and advocated for across different contexts. Understanding the historical and cultural underpinnings of euthanasia is crucial inprehending itsplexity and controversial nature.3. Ethical and Moral DilemmasThe ethical and moral dilemmas surrounding euthanasia are vast and profound. On one hand, proponents argue that individuals should have the right to die with dignity and autonomy, especially when faced with unbearable suffering and no hope for improvement. On the other hand, opponents raise concerns about the sanctity of life, the potential for abuse and coercion, and the slippery slope towards devaluing human life.These conflicting ethical principles and moral arguments contribute to the heated debates and impassioned stances on euthanasia.4. Legal LandscapeThe legal landscape of euthanasia varies significantly across different countries and jurisdictions. While some nations have legalized certain forms of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide under strict regulations, others strictly prohibit any form of intentional life-ending measures. The legal intricacies and discrepancies reflect the diverse perspectives and considerations that policymakers grapple with when addressing theplex issue of euthanasia.5. Personal Reflection and ConclusionAs I navigate through the labyrinth of perspectives, controversies, and implications surrounding euthanasia, I cannot help but contemplate my own stance on this weighty matter. While I empathize with the suffering of individuals and the desire for a peaceful passing, I find myself grappling with the ethical and moral implications of intentionally ending a life. The multifaceted nature of euthanasia defies simplistic categorizations and demands nuanced and empatheticconsideration.In conclusion, the concept of euthanasia epasses a web of ethical, moral, legal, and emotionalplexities that defy easy resolution. By delving into its origins, historical significance, ethical dilemmas, legal landscape, and personal reflections, we have only scratched the surface of this profound and contentious topic. As we continue to navigate the intricate nuances of euthanasia, may we approach the discourse with empathy, critical thinking, and a profound respect for the sanctity of life.。
The Debate Over Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
The Debate Over Assisted Suicide andEuthanasiaThe debate over assisted suicide and euthanasia is a highly controversial and emotionally charged topic that has sparked intense discussions and dividedopinions among individuals, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and ethicists. Proponents of assisted suicide argue that individuals should have the right to end their own lives with the help of a medical professional if they are suffering from a terminal illness or experiencing unbearable pain and suffering. They believethat this option provides individuals with autonomy and dignity in their final moments, allowing them to die on their own terms. On the other hand, opponents of assisted suicide and euthanasia raise concerns about the potential for abuse and coercion, as well as the ethical implications of intentionally ending a person's life. They argue that legalizing assisted suicide could undermine the value of human life and lead to a slippery slope where vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly or disabled, may feel pressured to end their lives prematurely. Additionally, some opponents believe that palliative care and hospice services can effectively manage pain and provide support for terminally ill patients without resorting to euthanasia. From a healthcare perspective, physicians and healthcare providers are faced with ethical dilemmas when it comes to assisting patients in ending their lives. While some healthcare professionals may support the right to die movement and believe in the importance of respecting patients' autonomy,others may have moral or religious objections to participating in assisted suicide. The Hippocratic Oath, which traditionally prohibits physicians from causing harmor assisting in a patient's death, further complicates the issue for healthcare providers who must navigate conflicting ethical principles. In addition to the ethical considerations surrounding assisted suicide and euthanasia, legal and regulatory frameworks also play a significant role in shaping the debate. Currently, only a handful of countries and states have legalized assisted suicide, with strict eligibility criteria and safeguards in place to prevent abuse. However, the lack of uniformity in laws and regulations across jurisdictions has led to disparities in access to end-of-life options for individuals facing terminalillnesses. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs can influence attitudes towards assisted suicide and euthanasia, with some cultures viewing death as a natural part of life and others considering it a taboo subject. Religious teachings may also shape individuals' perspectives on the sanctity of life and the moral implications of intentionally ending a person's life. These diverse cultural and religious perspectives add another layer of complexity to the debate and highlight the need for respectful dialogue and understanding among different stakeholders. In conclusion, the debate over assisted suicide and euthanasia is a complex and multifaceted issue that raises important questions about autonomy, dignity, ethics, and the value of human life. While proponents argue for the right to die with dignity and autonomy, opponents raise concerns about the potential for abuse and the ethical implications of intentionally ending a person's life. Healthcare professionals, policymakers, and ethicists must carefully consider these perspectives and engage in thoughtful and respectful discussions to navigate the complexities of end-of-life care and decision-making. Ultimately, finding a balance between respecting individual autonomy and protecting vulnerable populations will be crucial in shaping the future of assisted suicide and euthanasia laws and practices.。
Euthanasia完整辩论版
Euthanasia完整辩论版A:Hello！welcome to our discussion . I’m joined today by B and C.i’m soleilB:And I’m BC:I’m C.A:oh , Hello, C. do you know about Euthanasia ?B:Yes.that is people who are attacked by incurable disease can’t surffer from the pains and decide to employ a humane way to end their lives without pain.C：do you think Euthanasia Should Be Legalized正方：We think it’s necessary. On one hand, we can save our limiting medical resources for those who need treatment than any other people. On the other hand, we can keep patients from endless paint.我们认为这是有必要的。
一方面，我们可以节约有限的医疗资源给其他更需要的治疗的病人。
另一方面，我们可以解脱这些受着无尽的痛苦的病人。
补充观点：1. Euthanasia can release the stress of the society, if the patients can’t do any contribution.如果那个病人无法做出任何贡献，那么安乐死可以减轻社会的负担。
2. Euthanasia can free the patients who are under heavy paint. 安乐死可以解脱那些正承受着巨大痛苦的病人。
玩转儿考研英语核心词汇 【-spect-】专题(李仁)
玩转儿考研英语核心词汇【词根精讲】词根-spect-源于拉丁语动词specere，意为“看（look）”。
词根-spect-强调“看”的动作本身。
由spect衍生出来变体词根-spic-和-spis-仍为“看”之意。
再看一眼是“重视和尊敬（respect）”，向外看是“期盼（expect）”，向内看是“审查（inspect）”，向前看是“展望（prospect）”，回头看是“回顾（retrospect）”，向下看则是“怀疑（suspect）”和“鄙视（despise）”。
比赛的“壮观场面”是spectacle，看比赛时你戴“眼镜（spectacles）”，你自己则是“观看者（spectator）”。
接下来一图搞定考研英语核心词汇【-spect-】应该从哪些角度学习考研核心词汇？一、掌握单词的词性词性是指单词与生俱来的基本属性。
背单词的过程中，绝大多数考生只重视背单词的拼写和中文意思，最容易忽略背诵单词的【词性】。
词性决定了这个单词是怎么使用的。
换句话说，词性决定了你该如何正确地去使用这个单词造句子。
在背单词的时候，单词的旁边都会有这个单词的词性缩写，记住并理解这些缩写形式，对你记住单词的用法具有事半功倍的效果。
比如图表中的考研核心词汇suspect，具有一词多性的特点，作为动词，表示怀疑同时这个词也可以作为名词，表示嫌疑犯；可疑对象。
真题连线They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.[2015-I-Text 2] Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence-classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common.[2022-II-Text 4]二、了解单词构成方法考研核心单词一般由词缀和词根构成，词缀根据位置又可以细分为前缀、中缀和后缀。
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Pros
1.People have the right to live with dignity and also die with it. Euthanasia is a way of ending
the miserable lives properly and dignifiedly.
2.Ruth, who was in her 80s, took a lethal dose of a drug at her home in the company of friends.
She mentioned, “One gets very tired of all the things one has to do to even control the symptoms of break-down. I am just too tired to go on doing it,"
3."When suffering becomes not possible anymore, the only person in a position to judge is the
one suffering”
4."The question is never whether the patient's life is worthwhile but whether the treatment is
worthwhile."
5.The decision was "a triumph for common sense over misguided morality".
Cons
1.We should be reaching out to these lonely old people and helping them, not advising them of
ways they can die
2."If you ask, should people be able to end their own suffering? Ninety-nine per cent would
say yes,"."But if you ask, should doctors be able to kill people? Ninety-nine per cent say no."
3.“‘Whose life is it anyway?' is the classic question that is asked about euthanasia and it's an
example of intense individualism. But a new talk of human responsibility is starting to emerge, and that opens itself up to thinking about what others need, what society as a whole needs."
4.People who request euthanasia often suffer from a lack of human relationships and
understanding. We can make efforts in human attention and loving concern
5."The problem is you go into periods of depression where you're not thinking straight. So it
would be dangerous to introduce euthanasia without a lot of controls."
6.Although a 'right to die' is claimed, what is meant instead is a right to be killed. There has
never been a right to be killed in any code of ethics. It is a deceptive concept, and no argument is ever made to support it. Since there is no right to be killed, others are not required to kill or assist in killing, nor should they do so
PRO 1
THERE ARE TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS WHOSE ONLY WISH IS TO DIE WITH DIGNITY.
CON 1.1
THERE ARE MANY EXAMPLES OF PEOPLE WANTING TO DIE, BUT AFTER GETTING THRU IT THEY REALIZE WHAT A MISTAKE EUTHANASIA WOULD OF BEEN.
PRO 2
MANY PATIENTS ARE IN SUCH TERRIBLE PAIN THAT EUTHANASIA MAY BE THE MOST
HUMAN THING TO DO.
CON 2.1
NEW MEDICINES A BEING DEVELOPED ALL THE TIME TO RELIEVE PAIN.
PRO 2
TODAY'S TECHNOLOGY CAN EXTEND LIFE MUCH LONGER THAN WOULD OF NATURALLY OCCURRED. WHAT'S THE REASON TO EXTEND A PERSONS SUFFERING AND DRAINING
THEIR FAMILIES FINANCES。