【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习——autonomous&artistic
托福阅读词汇题单词汇总TPO1-49
托福阅读词汇题单词汇总TPO1-49 TPO1:Dramatic剧烈的，戏剧化的–- striking显著的、突出的、惊人的Prevalent普遍的，常见的–- predictable可预见的Championed拥护、支持–- SupportedAttributes把。
归于-- ascribesAutonomous自主的、自治的、自发的–independentXXX倾向、嗜好、趣味-- inclination倾向Incredible令人难以置信的-- XXXOut of sight看不见、在视野之外-- hiddenXXX躺在.。
上面，覆盖在。
上面-- CoverSo much for–That is XXXPlugged插入、填满–filled upTPO2:XXX–XXXDelicate易碎的、纤弱的–fragile易碎的Progressively渐进的、日趋增多的–increasinglyDevoid of没有、缺乏–lacking inPrecious贵重的、珍贵的–valuableExposed露出的–visiblePropulsion促进–moving forwardReadily轻而易举的–easilyAssistance帮助–helpXXX扩大的、睁开的–XXXTPO3:Feasible可行的–achievableXXX增加、提高–improveDevised设想、创造–createdIntegral完整的、必需的–essential基本的、需要的Arduous艰巨的、艰巨的–difficultEnsuring跟随，接下来–XXXXXX史无前例的–XXX pastVirtually几乎、实际上、事实上–almost Inevitable不可避免的、必然的–unavoidable Particular特别的、特定的–specificXXX包管、确保–XXXPale惨白、使失容–loses significanceAdjacent相邻–neighbouringTPO4Inhibits阻止，阻拦–restrictsIn the same breath–immediatelyIndefinite period没有限定的时间段–whose end has not been determinedRebound反弹–recovery规复Marked标记的、明显的、显著的–considerablePrincipal主要的–majorTrappings装饰–XXXAccumulate堆积、聚集、累积–build up增进、积累XXX–XXXSloping倾斜的、斜坡的–incliningFoul弄脏、污染–polluteTPO5:Exhibit表现、显出–showFacilitate促进、帮助、使容易–XXXSuspended悬垂、悬挂–XXXAfford给予、提供–offerOverwhelming压倒性的、势不可挡的–powerfulImplements施行、履行、工具–toolsUndisputed无可辩驳的、毫无疑问的–acknowledge广为承认的Significant显著的、重要的–importantRelatively相对地–comparativelyDiversification多样化–emergence of many varieties呈现良多种类Promote增进、晋升–encourageTPO6:Exploited开采、开发、利用、剥削–utilizedVastly极大地–greatlyGrew accustomed惯于–XXXRetained保留、保持–maintainedRudimentary基本的、初步的–basicMeticulously仔细地–carefullyXXX忍耐、历久–XXX存活，从。
新托福TPO全部词汇题TPO1
TPO12.The word incredible“”in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Confusing○Comforting○Unbelievable○Interesting3.The word out“of sight” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Far away○Hidden○Partly visible○Discovered7.The word overlie“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Cover○Change○Separate○Surround8.The phrase so much“ for” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ That is enough about○Now let us turn to○Of greater concern are○This is related to9.The word plugged“” in the passage is closet in meaningto ○ Washed○Dragged○Filled up○Soaked through1.The word championed“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Changed○ Debated○ Created○Supported2.The word attributes“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Ascribes○Leaves○Limits○Contrasts6.The word autonomous“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Artistic○ Important ○Independent○Established10． The word penchant“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Compromise○Inclination○Tradition○R espect1.The word dramatic“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Gradual○ Complex○Visible○Striking5.The word attain in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ require○ resist○ achieve○endure7.The word prone in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ adapted○ likely ○difficult ○resistant3.The word precious in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Exact○ Scarce○Valuable○Initial6.The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Explained○ Visible○Identified○Located11.The word propulsion in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ Staying afloat○ Changing direction○Decreasing weight○Moving forward1.The word threatened in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ Restricted○ Endangered○Prevented○Rejected3.The word delicate in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Fragile○ Predictable○Complex○Valuable5.The word progressively in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ Openly○ Impressively○Objectively○Increasingly7.The phrase devoid of in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ Consisting of○ Hidden by○Except for○Lacking in4.The word readily in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Frequently○Easily○Intelligently○Obviously5.The word assistance in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Criticism○ Leadership○Help○Approval11.The word expanded in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Was enlarged○ Was improved○ Was varied○Was rejectedTPO32. The word feasible“” in the passage is closet in meaning to○In existence○Without question○Achievable○Most likely4.The word “devised”in the passage is closest in meaning to○Combined○Created○Introduced○Suggested5. The word integral“” is closet in meaning to○Essential○Variable○Practical○Independent9. The word arduous“” in the passage is closestinmeaningto ○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared4. The word ensuing“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○Continuing○Surprising○Initial○Subsequent6.The word “unprecedented”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ Difficult to control○W ithout any restriction○ Unlike anything in the past○Rapidly expanding7.The word “virtually ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○ Clearly○ Perhaps○Frequently○Almost10.The word inevitable“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Unfortunate○Predictable○Unavoidable○Final1. The word particular“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○Natural○Final○Specific○Complex8.The word guarantee“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Increase○ Ensure○Favor○Complicate10.The word pales“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Increases proportionally○ Differs○Loses significance○Is common12． The word adjacent“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○Foreign○Stable○Fluid○NeighboringTPO43.The word "inhibits" in the passage is closest in meaning to○Consists of○Combines○Restricts○Establishes4.The phrase "in the same breath" in the passage is closest in meaning to○Impatiently○Humorously○Continuously○Immediately8.The phrase“indefinite period ”in the passage is closest in meaning toperiod ○ Whose end has not been determined○ That does not begin when expected○ That lasts only briefly○Whose importance remains unknown10． The word rebound“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○Decline○Recovery○Exchange○Movement1．The word marked“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○Considerable○Surprising○Limited○Adequate3．The word “principal ”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Major○Likely○Well protected○Distinct5．The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Conditions○Problems○Influences○Decorations1．The word accumulate“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Grow up○Build up○Spread out○Break apart5．The word adjacent“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Nearby○Existing○Special○Deep9．The word sloping“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Shifting○Inclining○Forming○Rolling11． The word foul“ ” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Reach○Flood○Pollute○AlterTPO52. The word exhibit in the passage is closest in meaningto fight offshowcausespread5.The word facilitates in the passage is closest in meaningto slows downaffectsmakes easierfocuses on7.The word suspended in the passage is closest in meaningto grownprotectedspread outhung9.The word afford in the passage is closest in meaning toofferpreventincreaseremove3.The word overwhelming in the passage is closest in meaningto powerfulfavorablecurrentreasonable6.The word implements in the passage is closest in meaningto skillstoolsopportunitiespractices10.The word undisputed in the passage is closest in meaningto mysteriousunexpectedacknowledgedsignificant1.The word significant in the passage is closest in meaningto numerousimportantunexplainedsudden2.The word relatively in the passage is closest in meaningto surprisinglycollectivelycomparativelycharacteristically3.The word diversification in the passage is closest in meaningto emergence of many varietiessteady decline in numbergradual increase in bodysize sudden disappearance7.The word promote in the passage is closest in meaningto complicatepreventencourageaffectTPO63.The word exploited in the passage is closest in meaningto ○utilized○recognized○examined○fully understood4.The word vastly in the passage is closet in meaningto ○quickly○ultimately○greatly8.The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to ○began to prefer○wanted to have○became used to○insisted on9.The word retained in the passage is closest in meaningto ○gained○established○profited from○maintained1.The word rudimentary in the passage is closest in meaningto ○thorough○strict○basic○occasional5.The word meticulously in the passage is closest in meaningto ○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviously9.The word endured in the passage is closest in meaningto ○vanished○developed○varied○survived10. The word“ virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to○possibly○absolutely○surprisingly○nearly2. The word plausible in the passage is closest in meaning to○flexible○believable○debatable○predictable3.The word phenomenon in the passage is closest in meaningto ○exception○repetition○occurrence○idea7.The word critically in the passage is closest in meaningto ○fundamentally○partially○consistently○subsequently8.The word “ perspective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○system○theory○viewpointTPO71．The word objective“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○achievement○requirement○purpose○feature8.The word scores“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○members○large numbers○populations○different types11.The word Turbulent“” in the passage is closest inmeaning to ○fresh○deep○violent○temperate3.The phrase obsession“ with” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ thinking about○fixation on○interest in○attitude toward6.The word fostered“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ accepted○combined○introduced○encouraged11.The word spheres“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○abilities○areas○combinations○models1.The word diffused“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○emerged○was understood○spread○developed7.The word profound“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○fascinating○far-reaching○necessary○temporary8.The word ritual“ ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○military○physical○ceremonial○permanent11. The word fleeing“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○afraid of○displaced by○running away from○responding toTPO81.The word massive in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ ancient○ carefully○very large○carefully protected3.The word pinpoint in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ identify precisely○ make an argument for○describe○understand4.The word ingenuity in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ ambition○ sincerity○faith○cleverness8.The word predominant in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ most aggressive○ most productive○principal○earliest4.The word cope in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ adapt○ move ○continue ○compete6.The word fluctuations in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ extremes○ retreats○periods○variations9.The word bombard in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ approach○ strike○pass○ circle11.The word disruption in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ exhaustion○ disturbance○modification○disappearance1.The word merge in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ expand○ separate ○straighten uto○combine3.The word relics in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ remains○sites○requirements○sources4.The word miniature in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ temporary○small○multiple○familiar11.The word hints in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ clues○features○arguments○effects2.The word persuasively in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ aggressively○inflexibly○convincingly○carefullyTPO94. The phrase prior to is closest in meaning to○before○immediately after○during○in spite of8.The word Vast in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ Frozen○ Various○Isolated○Huge10.The word inhospitable in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ not familiar○ not suitable○not dangerous○not reachable12.The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ chance○ protection○possibility○incentive1.The word justified in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ supported○ shaped○stimulated○suggested3.The word flourish in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ continue○occur○succeed○apply6.The word objective in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ unbiased○ positive○systematic○thorough9.The word compelling in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ commonly held○ persuasive○ original ○practical1.The phrase at random in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ finally○over a long period of time○successfully○without a definite pattern4.The word abundantly in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ occasionally○plentifully○usefully○fortunately5.The word propagate in the passage is closest in meaning to ○multiply○emerge○live○evolve10.The word dormant in the passage is closest in meaning to ○hidden○inactive○underground○preserved1 .The word status in the passage is closest in meaning to○origin○importance○quality○design3. The word evolve in the passage is closest in meaning to ○divided○extended○developed○vanished6. The word instigate in the passage is closest in meaning to ○improved○investigated○narrowed○caused8. The word whereas in the passage is closest in meaning to○while○previously○surprisingly○because12.The word these in the passage refersto ○religious ceremonies○descriptions○types of ware○pots5.The word striking in the passage is closest in meaningto ○ noticeable○ confusing○true○unlikely7.The word erratic in the passage is closest in meaning to○dramatic○important○unpredictable○common10.The word deliberations in the passage is closest in meaning to○records○discussions○results○variations11.The word invoked in the passage is closest in meaning to○demonstrated○called upon○supported○expected2.The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to○historical○many○important○hidden6.The word meager in the passage is closest in meaningto ○very necessary○very low○traditional○primary11.The phrase an English innovation in the passage is closest in meaning to ○a new development introduced by the English○an arrangement found only in England○a type of agreement negotiated in English○a type of partnership based on English lawTPO111.The word “vital ”in the passage is closest in meaning to○attractive○usual○practicalThe word “context ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○connection○influence○environment○requirementThe word“core”in the passage is closest in meaning to○material○layer○center○frameThe word depicts in the passage is closest in meaningto ○imagines○classifies○elevates○portraysThe word “perplexed”in the passage is closest in meaning to○defeated○interested○puzzled○occupiedThe word “preposterous”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○unbelievable○inadequate○limited○creativeThe word“accumulating”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○new○increasing○convincing○extensiveThe phrase impose“ on”in the passage is closest in meaning to○increase for○remove from○place on○distribute toThe word“artificial”in the passage is closest in meaning to○attractive○not real○short-term○well designedThe word“prediction”in the passage is closest in meaning to○surprise○discovery○explanation○expectationThe word“pinpoint”in the passage is closest in meaning to○locate exactly○copy accurately○recognizeThe word “derive ”in the passage is closest in meaning to○require○gain○use○produceTPO12The phrase “assisted in”in the passage is closest in meaning to○initiated○dominated○helped with○setupThe phrase “depicted”in the passage is closest in meaning to○identified○revealed○pictured○imaginedThe word“criteria”in the passage is closest in meaning to○standards○findings○ideas○techniquesThe word“regarded”in the passage is closest in meaning to○analyzed○considered○altered○criticizedThe word “paradoxes”in the passage is closest in meaning to○difficulties○accomplishments○parallels○contradictionsBeyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s.The word “overshadowed”in the passage is closest in meaning to○distracted from○explained○conducted○coordinated withTo be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920 s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.The word“neglected”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○failed○started○expectedThe filling of the Ataturk and other dams in Turkey has drastically reduced flows in the Euphrates, with potentially serious consequences for Syria and Iraq.The word“drastically”in the passage is closest in meaning to○obviously○unfortunately○rapidly○severelyThe word“dwellers”in the passage is closest in meaning to○settlements○farmers○tribes○inhabitantsThe word“fractures”in the passage is closest in meaning to○streams○cracks○storms○earthquakesThe word “immobile ”in the passage is closest in meaning to○enclosed○permanent○motionless○intactTPO13The word“complex”in the passage is closest in meaning to○delicate○elaborate○private○commonThe word endowing in the passage is closest in meaningto ○leaving○exposing○providing○understandingSecond, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.The phrase size“ up”in the passage is closest in meaning to○enlarge○evaluate○impress○acceptShould the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms.The word“deviate”in the passage is closest in meaning to○detract○advance○selectThe word“Consequently”in the passage is closest in meaning to○Therefore○Additionally○Nevertheless○MoreoverThe word“persistent” in the passage is closest in meaning to○adjusted○strong○enduring○predictedThe word duration in the passage is closest in meaningto ○length○feature○process○repetitionLight has a predominating influence in setting the clock. Even a fifteen-minute burst of light in otherwise sustained darkness can reset an animal's circadian rhythm.The word “sustained”in the passage is closest in meaning to○intense○uninterrupted○natural○periodicThe word uniformly in the passage is closest in meaningto ○clearly○quickly○consistently○occasionallyThe word potent in the passage is closest in meaningto ○artificial○powerful○common○similarThe word quantifiable in the passage is closest in meaningto ○visual○permanent○meaningful○measurableTPO14The word verify“ ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○establish the truth of○approve of○understand○criticize○responsible○skillful○patient○curiousThe word "attributes" in the passage is closest in meaning to○evaluations○attitudes○actions○characteristics○helpful○believable○valuable○familiarAlthough southern Maya areas received more rainfall than northern areas, problems of water were paradoxically more severe in the wet south.The word “paradoxically ” in the passage is closest in meaning to○usually○surprisingly○understandably○predictably○unusual○unexpected○extended○disastrous○used up○reduced○wasted○relied upon○interest○status○demand○profit○strange○positive○direct○far-reaching○reliable○noticeable○convincing○violent○use to advantage○depart from○pay attention to○travel acrossTPO15The phrase unique“ among”in the passage is closest in meaning to○natural to○different from all other○quite common among○familiar to○remarkable achievement○common transformation○daily activity○complex solutionThe word “bulk ”in the passage is closest in meaning to○strength○effort○activity○massThe phrase“courses through”in the passage is closest in meaning to○rises through○heats up in○runs through○collects in○specific○unlimited○reasonable○long○describe○challenge○explain○test○sudden○unusual○immediate○extremeThe word“interlocked” in the passage is closest in meaning to○intermediate○linked○frozen○fully developedFor a glacier to grow or maintain its mass, there must be sufficient snowfall to match or exceed the annual loss through melting, evaporation, and calving, which occurs when the glacier loses solid chunks as icebergs to the sea or to large lakes.The word“match” in the passage is closest in meaning to○measure○enlarge○approximate○equalThe word“transform” in the passage is closest in meaningot ○break○push○change○extendThe word“deceiving” in the passage is closest in meaning to○approximate○exaggerated○unusual○misleadingThe word“static” in the passage is closest in meaning to○unchanging○usable○thick○harmlessTPO16The worker was bound to the master by a mutual contract that either one could repudiate, and the relationship was conceptualized as one of partnership.The word repudiate“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○respect○reject○reviewThe word consensus“” in the passage is closest in meaningto ○authority○responsibility○custom○agreementThe word ethic“” in the passage is closest in meaning to○set of moral principles○division of labor○economic system○test of characterThe word intrinsically“ ” in the passage closestis in meaningto ○fundamentally○surprisingly○consequently○particularly○reviseThe phrase interplay in the passage is closest in meaningto ○sequence○interpretation○requirement○interactionThe phrase abundance“” in the passage is closest meaningto ○weight○requirement○plenty○sequenceThe phrase analogous“ to” in the passage is closest in meaning to○predicted by○expected of○similar to○superior toThe word postulated“” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○hypothesized○discovered○reported○generatedThe word markedly in the passage is closest in meaningto ○Essentially○Typically○Consistently○noticeablyThe word meager in the passage is closest in meaningto ○rich○thin○unique○complexThe word eventually in the passage is closest in meaningto ○over time○long ago○simply○certainlyTPO17The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaningto ○Return○Opportunity○Stimulus○ObstacleThe word dramatically in the passage is closest in meaningto ○Artificially○Greatly○Immediately○RegularlyThe word refined in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Completed○Improved○Drawn○CheckedThe word norms in the passage is closest in meaningto ○purposes○skills○activities○rulesThe phrase conspicuous in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Common○Noticeable○Different○ColorfulThe word signal in the passage is closest in meaningto ○change○imitate○communicate○hideThe word inflating in the passage is closest in meaningto ○Coloring○Enlarging○Loosening○HeatingThe word impediment in the passage is closest in meaning to ○obstruction○effort○delay○resistanceThe word exploits in the passage is closest in meaningto ○repeats○makes use of○increases the intensity of○recognizesThe word derives in the passage is closest in meaning to○Digests○Obtains○Controls○DiscoversThe word devastated in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Influenced○Infected○strengthened○destroyedThe word inadvertently in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Indefensibly○Substantially○Unintentionally○PartiallyThe word highlights in the passage is closest in meaningto ○Defines○Emphasizes○Reflects○SuggestsThe word progressive“” in the passage closesti in meaning to rapidpartialincreasingindividualThe word flaw” ” in the passage is closest in meaning to faultaspectconfusionmysteryThe word triggered“” in the passage is closest in meaning toremovedfollowedincreasedcaused1. The word periodically“ ” in the passage is closest in the meaning tocontinuouslyquicklyregularlycarefully2.The word empirical“” in the passage is closest in meaning toreliablebased on common senserelevantbased on observation1.The word tremendous“” in the passage is closest in meaningto distinctgrowinghugeimmediate2.The word acquire“” in the passage is closest in meaning torejectobtainneedproduce3.The word illuminates“” in the passage is closet in meaning toopenscompleteslightselectrifies4.The word initiated“ ” is closet in meaning tostartedintensifiedfinishedexpectedTPO 191.The word suppress“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO respond toO warn againstO avoid the impact ofO stop by force2. The word friction“ ” in the passage is closest in meaningo tO rebellionO conflictO neglectO crime3.The phrase entitled“ to” in the passage is closest in meaning toO given the rightto O able to afford toO encouraged toO required to1.The word substantiated“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO confirmedO noticedO definedO publicized2.The word trend“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO probabilityO pictureO lawlike regularityO tendencyThe word likewise“” in the passage is closest in meaning to O sometimesO similarly OapparentlyO consequently3.The word legitimately“ ” in the passageis closest in meaning toO commonlyO broadlyO properlyO officially4.The word initiated“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO approvedO identifiedO startedO foreseen1.The word accumulations“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO signsO piecesO typesO deposits2.The word heterogeneous“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO remainingO variedO familiarO layered3.The word enjoy“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO experienceO resembleO expectO dominate4.The word reveal“” in the passage is closest in meaning toO result fromO vary withO showO preserveTPO201.The word "fringes" in the passage is closest in meaning toO groupsO typesO directions2.The word "proliferation" in the passage is closest in meaning toO growthO cooperationO importanceO success3.The word "superseded" in the passage is closest in meaning toO replacedO reformedO equaledO increased4.The word "diverted" in the passage is closest in meaning toO collectedO sold1.The word "momentous" in the passage is closest in meaning toO numerousO very positive2.The word "exploited" in the passage is closest in meaning toO exploredO utilizedO inhabitedO improved3.The word "cramped" in the passage is closest in meaning toO primitiveO secure OextendedO confined4.The word "shifts" in the passage is closest in meaning toO effectsO similaritiesO changesO exceptions5.The word "abruptly" in the passage is closest in meaning toO informallyO briefly OsuddenlyO surprisingly1.The word "agencies" in the passage is closest in meaning toO combinationsO problems。
【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习汇总
【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习汇总
托福阅读词汇题怎么做?接触过新托福考试的考生应该对新托福阅读中的一类题型深有体会，单凭着词汇量的多少去应对词汇题还是不够，词汇题的应对除了托福词汇量的不断提升之外，还需要有着一些解题的方法。
那么，一下内容中就为大家带来一些TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习。
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习汇总
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：out of sight
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：overlie&cover
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：plugged&washed
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：championed&attributes
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：autonomous&artistic
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：dramatic&gradual
TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习：attain&prone。
托福TPO1阅读答案与翻译解析2
参考译文：戏剧的起源In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.由于几乎没有具体材料可供研究，探寻戏剧的起源只能凭推测。
托福TPO1阅读答案与翻译解析3
参考译文：山上树带界线的植被The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.通常从山坡上的森林到没有树的苔原是一种非常戏剧化的转变。
在一个垂直距离只有几十米的地方，树木这种生命形式就消失了，取而代之的是低矮的灌木、药草和牧草。
这种急速转变的区域被称为上行树带界线或林木线。
在许多干旱的地区存在着下行树带界线，在这里由于缺乏水分森林变成干草原，甚至在最下端会出现沙漠。
The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500 meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics. Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas, however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.上行树带界线，比如雪线，在热带最高在极地最低。
托福TPO1词汇题练习
1. The wordthreatenedin the passage is closest in meaning to
○Restricted
○Endangered
○Prevented
○Rejected
3. The worddelicatein the passage is closest in meaning to
○adapted
○likely
○difficult
○resistant
3. The wordpreciousin the passage is closest in meaning to
○Exact
○Scarce
○Valuable
○Initial
6. The wordexposedin the passage is closest in meaning to
○Gradual
○Complex
○Visible
○Striking
5. The wordattainin the passage is closest in meaning to
○require
○resist
○achieve
○endure
7. The wordpronein the passage is closest in meaning to
托福TPO1词汇题练习
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TPO1
2. The word “incredible”in the passage is closest in meaning to
精品文档【必备资料】托福阅读素材(双语版)-谷歌无人车
【必备资料】托福阅读素材（双语版）-谷歌无人车在托福阅读的备考过程中，除了TPO和真题的练习之外，不断提升自己的阅读量和词汇量也会为自己的托福备考带来很大的帮助。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读相关素材，希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。
Google is miles ahead of its rivals in the race for autonomous motoring谷歌在无人驾驶领域研发的竞争中已甩开对手几条街TO GOOGLE is now in broad usage as a verb for retrieving information from theinternet. If the tech giant has its way, “I Googled” will become a standardreply to the question, “How did you get here?” On May 28th Google said it wouldbuild 100 prototype driverless cars devoid of pedals, steering wheel or controlssave an on/off switch. It is the next stage in its apparent quest to be asubiquitous on the road as on computer screens.如今，“谷歌”常被广泛用于互联网信息检索，因而“谷歌”常被用作动词。
如果这一科技巨头独行其道，对于“你是怎么过来的?”这种问题，它的标准答案将会是“我谷歌来的”。
5月28日，谷歌表示，其将制造100辆无人驾驶原型车，它们没有踏板，没有方向盘，也没有其他各类控制表盘，只留下一个开关键。
谷歌希望在无人车的市场能够做到与搜索市场一样，给人们提供生活中必不可少的服务，这显然是下一阶段追求。
托福阅读真题词汇 TPO 1
The origin of theater speculation champion myth well-being
推测 speculate 支持，拥护 神话 福祉
ascribe representative costume sophisticated abandon divorce thereafter efficacious set forth imitative confront instinct
TPO1 Groundwater saturate
circulate soak incredible capacity pebble unconsolidated coarse volume deposit cement porous plug percolate proportion consist permeable crevice crystalline tension
大气的，流星的，疾 速的 丰富的，大量的 降水量；沉降 固体的；可靠的 视力，景象，眼界 巩固，加强 沙砾 融化 斜坡 覆盖 细孔 多孔性 溶解 极小的；分钟 玄武岩 渗透 可渗透性 室，洞 薄膜 排水
混凝土；具体的 想象，预想 感知 归功于，归属于；性 质 繁荣 仪式 面具 因果关系的 修改，修饰 自治的，自主的 美学的，审美的 停止 祖先 使具体化，体现 凭什么，靠那个 倾向，嗜好
桦树 袭击，打击，罢工 纬度 扭曲 速度 有…倾向 使窒息 秧苗 高度 严厉 关键的，重要的 赤道的 裸露的 地衣 垫状植物
striking attain ridge deform frost cessation avalanche ultraviolet browse=graze adjacent insulation prevalent moss prostrate resistant
托福词汇题练习tpo题集
词汇题练习—tpo1-71.The word “precious” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Exactb. scarec. valuableAlthough limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of ……2.The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in mening toa.Explainedb. visible d. locatedSeveral skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by…and now exposed in the Sahara desert.3.The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Staying afloat direction c. decreasing weight forwardThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water.4.The word “threatened” in the passage is cloest in mening toa.Restrictedb. endangeredc. preventedd. rejectedThe expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth’s land surface is threatened by this process.5.The word “delicate” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa.Fragile c. complexThe semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmentalpressures.6.The word “progressively” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa.Openlyb. impressivelyc. objectivelyThe cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown.7.The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Consisting ofb. hidden byc. except ford. lacking inSince the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.8.The word “readily” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Frequentlyb. easilyc. intelligentlyd. obviouslyExhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time….9.The word “assistance” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Criticismb. leadershipc. helpd. approval…with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant……10.The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Was enlargedb. was improvedc. was variedd. was rejectedAt the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the miniscule peepshow dimensions of 1-2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.word “out of sight” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) far away(B) hidden(C) partly visibled discoveredword “incredible” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) confusing(B) comforting(C) unbelievabled interestingword “overlie” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) cover(B) change(C) separate(D) surroundword “so much for” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) That is enough about(B) Now let us turn to(C) Of greater concern are(D) This is related toword “plugged” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) washed(B) dragged(C) filled upd soaked throughword “enhance” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) protect(B) improve(C) organize(D) match17. The word “feasible” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) in existence(B) without question(C) achievabled most likelyword “integral” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) essential(B) variable(C) practical(D) independentword “arduous” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Difficult(B) Necessary(C) Skilled(D) Sharedword “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Natural(B) Final(C) Specific(D) Complexword “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Increase(B) Ensure(C) Favor(D) Complicateword “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Increases proportionally(B) Differs(C) Loses significance(D) Is commonword “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Foreign(B) Stable(C) FluidD Neighboringword “ensuing” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Continuing(B) Surprising(C) Initial(D) Subsequentword “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Difficult to control(B) Without any restriction(C) Unlike anything in the past(D) Rapidly expanding26. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Clearly(B) Perhaps(C) Frequently(D) Almostword “inevitable” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Unfortunate(B) Predictable(C) Unavoidable(D) Finalword “inhibits” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) consists of(B) combines(C) restrictsd establishesphrase “in the same breath” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) impatiently(B) humorously(C) continuouslyd immediatelyphrase “indefinite period” in the passage is closest in meaning to a period(A) whose end has not been determined(B) that does not begin when expected(C) that lasts only briefly(D) whose importance remains unknownword “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) decline(B) recovery(C) exchange(D) movementword “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Considerable(B) Surprising(C) LimitedAdequateword “principal” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Major(B) Likely(C) Well protected(D) Distinctword “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Conditions(B) Problems(C) InfluencesDecorationsword “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Grow up(B) (B) Build up(C) (C) Spread out(D) (D) Break apartword “adjacent” in the passage is closest in m eaning to(A) Nearby(B) Existing(C) Special(D) Deepword “sloping” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Shifting(B) (B) Inclining(C) (C) Forming(D) (D) Rollingword “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Reach(B) Flood(C) Pollute(D) Alter39. The word “exhibit“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fight off(B) show(C) cause(D) spread40. The word “facilitates” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) slows down(B) affects(C) makes easier(D) focuses on41. The word “suspended” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) grown(B) protected(C) spread outd hung42. The word “afford“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) offer(B) prevent(C) increased remove43. The word “overwhelming” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) powerful(B) favorable(C) current(D) reasonable44. The word “implements” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) skills(B) tools(C) opportunities(D) practices45. The word “undisputed” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) mysterious(B) unexpected(C) acknowledged(D) significant46. The word “significant” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) numerous(B) important(C) unexpected(D) sudden47. The word “relatively” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) surprisingly(B) collectively(C) comparatively(D) characteristically48. The word “diversification” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) emergence of many varieties(B) steady decline in number(C) gradual increase in body size(D) sudden disappearance49. The word “promote” in the passage is closest in meaning to(B) prevent(C) encouraged affect50. The word “exploited“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) utilized(B) recognized(C) examined(D) fully understood51. The word “vastly“ in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) quickly(B) ultimately(C) greatlyd initially52. The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) began to prefer(B) wanted to have(C) became used toinsisted on53. The word “retained“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) gained(B) established(C) profited from(D) maintained54. The word rudimentary in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thorough(B) strict(C) basic(D) occasional55. The word meticulously in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) carefully(B) quickly(C) frequentlyobviously56. The word “endured” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) vanished(B) developed(C) variedsurvived57. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) possibly(B) absolutely(C) surprisingly(D) nearly58. The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) flexible(B) believable(C) debatable59. The word “phenomenon” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) exception(B) repetition(C) occurrence(D) idea60. The word “critically” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fundamentally(B) partially(C) consistently(D) subsequentlyword “perspective” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) system(B) theory(C) sourced viewpointword “objective” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) achievement(B) requirement(C) purpose(D) feature63. The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) members(B) large numbers(C) populations(D) different types64. The word “Turbulent” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) deep(C) violentd temperate65. The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thinking about(B) fixation on(C) interest in(D) attitude toward66. The word “fostered” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) accepted(B) combined(C) introduced(D) encouraged67. The word “spheres” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) abilities(B) areas(C) combinations(D) models68. The word “diffused” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) emerged(B) was understood(C) spread(D) developed69. The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fascinating(B) far-reaching(C) necessary(D) temporary70. The word “ritual” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) military(B) physical(C) ceremonial(D) permanent71. The word “fleeing” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) afraid of(B) displaced by(C) running away from(D) responding to。
托福词汇题练习tpo题集
词汇题练习—tpo1-71. The word “precious ”in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Exactb. scarec. valuabled.initialAlthough limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of ..........2. The word “exposed”in the passage is closest in mening toa. Explainedb. visiblec.identifiedd. locatedSeveral skelet ons of ano ther early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sedime nts left by •-and now exposed in the Sahara desert.3. The word “propulsion ”in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Staying afloatb.changing directionc. decreasing weightd.moving forwardThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water.4. The word “threatened ”in the passage is cloest in mening toa. Restrictedb. endangeredc. preventedd. rejectedThe expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth 'sland surface is threatened by this process.5. The word “delicate”in the passage is cloest in meaning toa. Fragileb.predictablec. complexd.valuableThe semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmental pressures.6. The word “progressively”in the passage is cloest in meaning toa. Openlyb. impressivelyc. objectivelyd.increasinglyThe cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown.7. The phrase “devoid of”in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Consisting ofb. hidden byc. except ford. lacking inSince the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.8. The word “readily ”in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Frequentlyb. easilyc. intelligentlyd. obviouslyExhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily byprojecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time • .9. The word “assistance”in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Criticismb. leadershipc. helpd. approval ••with the assista nee of Edis on 'former assista nt.....................................................................................10. The word “xpanded ”n the passage is closest in meaning toa. Was enl argedb. was improvedc. was variedd. was rejectedAt the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the miniscule peepshow dime nsions of 1-2 in ches (in height) to the life-size proport ions of 6 or 9 feet.11. The word out of sight ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) far away(B) hidden(C) partly visibled discovered12. The word incredible ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) confusing(B) comforting(C) unbelievabled in terest ing13. The word overlie ”n the passage is closet in meaning to(A) cover(B) change(C) separate(D) surround14. The word so much for ” in the passige is closet in meaning to(A) That is enough about(B) Now let us turn to(C) Of greater concern are(D) This is related to15. The word plugged ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) washed(B) dragged(C) filled upd soaked through16. The word enhance ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(B) improve(C) organize(D) match17. The word feasible ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) in existenee(B) without question(C) achievabled most likely18. The word i n tegral ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) esse ntial(B) variable(C) practical(D) in depe ndent19. The word arduous ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Difficult(B) Necessary(C) Skilled(D) Shared20. The word particular ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Natural(B) Final(C) Specific(D) Complex21. The wo rd guarantee ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) In crease(B) En sure(C) Favor(D) Complicate22. The word pales ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) In creases proporti on ally(B) Differs(C) Loses significanee(D) Is com mon23. The word adjace nt ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Foreign(C) FluidD Neighbori ng24. The word ensuing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Continuing(B) Surprising(C) Initial(D) Subsequent25. The word unprecedented ” in the passage is closest in meanin g to(A) Difficult to con trol(B) Without any restricti on(C) Un like anything in the past(D) Rapidly expa nding26. The word virtually ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Clearly(B) Perhaps(C) Freque ntly(D) Almost27. The word inevitable ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Unfortunate(B) Predictable(C) Un avoidable(D) Final28. The word inhibits ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) con sists of(B) comb ines(C) restrictsd establishes29. The phrase in" the same breath ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) impatie ntly(B) humorously(C) con ti nuouslyd immediately(A) whose end has not been determined(B) that does not beg in whe n expected(C) that lasts only briefly(D) whose importa nee rema ins unknown31. The word “ebound ”n the passage is closest in meaning to(A) deeline(B) recovery(C) exchange(D) movement32. The word marked ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Co nsiderable(B) Surpris ing(C) Limited Adequate33. The word pfincipal ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Major(B) Likely(C) Well protected(D) Distinct34. The word trappings ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Conditions(B) Problems(C) In flue ncesDecorati ons35. The word accumulate ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Grow up(B) Build up(C) Spread out(D) Break apart36. The word adjace nt ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Nearby(C) Special(D) Deep37. The word slOping ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Shifting(B) In cli ning(C) Form ing(D) Rolli ng38. The word foul in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Reach(B) Flood(C) Pollute(D) Alter39. The word exhibit “in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fight off(B) show(C) cause(D) spread40. The word facilitates |” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) slows dow n(B) affects(C) makes easier(D) focuses on41. The word suspended ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) grow n(B) protected(C) spread outd hu ng42. The word afford "in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) offer(B) preve nt(C) in crease46. The word sign ifica nt48. The word 43. The word(A) powerful(B) favorable(C) current(D) reas on able44. The word implements ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) skills(B) tools(C) opportunities(D) practices45. The word undisputed ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) mysterious(B) unexpected(C) ack no wledged(D) significantin the passage is closest in mea ning to(A) numerous(B) important(C) unexpected(D) sudden 47. The word relatively ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) surprisingly(B) collectively(C) comparatively(D) characteristicallydiversification ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) emerge nee of many varieties(B) steady decline in number(C) gradual in crease in body size(D) sudden disappearanee49. The word promote ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) complicate(B) prevent(C) encourage d affect50. The word exploited "in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) utilized(B) recog nized(C) examined(D) fully understood51. The word vastly "in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) quickly(B) ultimately(C) greatlyd in itially52. The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) began to prefer(B) wan ted to have(C) became used toin sisted on53. The word reta ined in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) gained(B) established(C) profited from(D) maintained54. The word rudimentary in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thorough(B) strict(C) basic(D) occasional56. The word endured ”57. The word virtually ”in the passage is closest in mea ning toin the passage is closest in mea ning to(A) possibly(B) absolutely(C) surprisingly(D) nearly 58. The word plausible ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) flexible(B) believable(C) debatable(D) predictable59. The word phenomenon ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) exception(B) repetition(C) occurrenee(D) idea60. The word critically ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fun dame ntally(B) partially(C) consistently(D) subsequently 61 .The word perspective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) system(B) theory(A) carefully(B) quickly (C) frequently obviously(A) vanished(B) developed (C) varied survived(C) source dviewpo int62.The word objective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) achievement(B) requirement(C) purpose(D) feature63. The word scores ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) members(B) large numbers(C) populations(D) different types64. The word Turbulent ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) deep(C) violentd temperate65. The phrase obsessi on with ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thinking about(B) fixation on(C) interest in(D) attitude toward66. The word fostered ”in the passage is closest in mea ning to(A) accepted(B) combined(C) introduced(D) encouraged67. The word spheres ”in the passage is closest in m eaning to(A) abilities(B) areas(C) comb in ati ons(D) models68. The word diffused in the passage is closest in mea ning to(A) emerged(B) was understood(C) spread(D) developed69. The word pfofound ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fasc in at ing(B) far-reaching(C) necessary(D) temporary70. The word ritUal ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) military(B) physical(C) ceremonial(D) permanent71. The word fleeing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) afraid of(B) displaced by(C) running away from(D) responding to。
托福词汇题练习tpo题集
词汇题练习—tpo1-71.The word “precious” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Exactb. scarec. valuabled.initialAlthough limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of ……2.The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in mening toa.Explainedb. visiblec.identifiedd. locatedSeveral skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by…and now exposed in the Sahara desert.3.The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Staying afloatb.changing directionc. decreasing weightd.movingforwardThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water.4.The word “threatened” in the passage is cloest in mening toa.Restrictedb. endangeredc. preventedd. rejectedThe expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth’s land surface is threatened by this process.5.The word “delicate” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa.Fragileb.predictablec. complexd.valuableThe semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmental pressures.6.The word “progressively” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa.Openlyb. impressivelyc. objectivelyd.increasinglyThe cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown.7.The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Consisting ofb. hidden byc. except ford. lacking inSince the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.8.The word “readily” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Frequentlyb. easilyc. intelligentlyd. obviouslyExhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do morereadily by projecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time….9.The word “assistance” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Criticismb. leadershipc. helpd. approval…with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant……10.The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning toa.Was enlargedb. was improvedc. was variedd. was rejectedAt the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the miniscule peepshow dimensions of 1-2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.11.The word “out of sight” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)far away(B)hidden(C)partly visibled discovered12.The word “incredible” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)confusing(B)comforting(C)unbelievabled interesting13.The word “overlie” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)cover(B)change(C)separate(D)surround14.The word “so much for” in the pass age is closet in meaning to(A)That is enough about(B)Now let us turn to(C)Of greater concern are(D)This is related to15.The word “plugged” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)washed(B)dragged(C)filled upd soaked through(A) protect(B) improve(C) organize(D) match17. The word “feasible” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) in existence(B) without question(C) achievabled most likely18.The word “integral” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) essential(B) variable(C) practical(D) independent19.The word “arduous” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Difficult(B)Necessary(C)Skilled(D)Shared20.The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Natural(B)Final(C)Specific(D)Complex21.The wo rd “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Increase(B) Ensure(C) Favor(D) Complicate22.The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Increases proportionally(B)Differs(C)Loses significance(D)Is common(A)Foreign(B)Stable(C)FluidD Neighboring24.The word “ensuing” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Continuing(B)Surprising(C)Initial(D)Subsequent25.The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meanin g to(A) Difficult to control(B) Without any restriction(C) Unlike anything in the past(D) Rapidly expanding26. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Clearly(B) Perhaps(C) Frequently(D) Almost27.The word “inevitable” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Unfortunate(B)Predictable(C)Unavoidable(D)Final28.The word “inhibits” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)consists of(B)combines(C)restrictsd establishes29.The phrase “in the same breath” in the passag e is closet in meaning to(A)impatiently(B)humorously(C)continuouslyd immediately30.The phrase “indefinite period” in the passage is closest in meaning to a period(A)whose end has not been determined(B)that does not begin when expected(C)that lasts only briefly(D)whose importance remains unknown31.The word “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)decline(B)recovery(C)exchange(D)movement32.The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Considerable(B)Surprising(C)LimitedAdequate33.The word “principal” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Major(B) Likely(C) Well protected(D) Distinct34.The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Conditions(B) Problems(C) InfluencesDecorations35.The word “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Grow up(B) Build up(C) Spread out(D) Break apart36.The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Nearby(B) Existing(C) Special(D) Deep37.The word “sloping” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)Shifting(B) Inclining(C) Forming(D) Rolling38.The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Reach(B) Flood(C) Pollute(D) Alter39. The word “exhibit“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)fight off(B)show(C)cause(D)spread40. The word “facilitates” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)slows down(B)affects(C)makes easier(D)focuses on41. The word “suspended” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)grown(B)protected(C)spread outd hung42. The word “afford“ in the passage is cl osest in meaning to(A)offer(B)prevent(C)increased remove43. The word “overwhelming” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)powerful(B)favorable(C)current(D)reasonable44. The word “implements” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)skills(B)tools(C)opportunities(D)practices45. The word “undisputed” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)mysterious(B)unexpected(C)acknowledged(D)significant46. The word “significant” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)numerous(B)important(C)unexpected(D)sudden47. The word “relatively” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)surprisingly(B)collectively(C)comparatively(D)characteristically48. The word “diversification” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)emergence of many varieties(B)steady decline in number(C)gradual increase in body size(D)sudden disappearance49. The word “promote” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)complicate(B)prevent(C)encouraged affect50. The word “exploited“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)utilized(B)recognized(C)examined(D)fully understood51. The word “vastly“ in the passage is closet in meaning to(A)quickly(B)ultimately(C)greatlyd initially52. The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)began to prefer(B)wanted to have(C)became used toinsisted on53. The word “retained“ in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)gained(B)established(C)profited from(D)maintained54. The word rudimentary in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)thorough(B)strict(C)basic(D)occasional55. The word meticulously in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)carefully(B)quickly(C)frequentlyobviously56. The word “endured” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)vanished(B)developed(C)variedsurvived57. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)possibly(B)absolutely(C)surprisingly(D)nearly58. The word “plausible” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)flexible(B)believable(C)debatable(D)predictable59. The word “phenomenon” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)exception(B)repetition(C)occurrence(D)idea60. The word “critically” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)fundamentally(B)partially(C)consistently(D)subsequently61.The word “perspective” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)system(B)theory(C)sourced viewpoint62.The word “objective” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)achievement(B)requirement(C)purpose(D)feature63. The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)members(B)large numbers(C)populations(D)different types64. The word “Turbulent” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)fresh(B)deep(C)violentd temperate65. The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)thinking about(B)fixation on(C)interest in(D)attitude toward66. The word “fostered” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)accepted(B)combined(C)introduced(D)encouraged67. The word “spheres” in the passage is closest in m eaning to(A)abilities(B)areas(C)combinations(D)models.68. The word “diffused” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)emerged(B)was understood(C)spread(D)developed69. The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)fascinating(B)far-reaching(C)necessary(D)temporary70. The word “ritual” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)military(B)physical(C)ceremonial(D)permanent71. The word “fleeing” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)afraid of(B)displaced by(C)running away from(D)responding to.DOC资料.。
新托福阅读TPO1PDF版
新托福阅读TPO1PDF版TPO 01Paragraph 1:1. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.It prevents most groundwater from circulating.It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.It absorbs most of the water it contains fromrivers.2. The word “incredible” in the passage is closest in meaning toConfusing Comforting Unbelievable Interesting Paragraph 2:3. The word “out of sight” in the passage is closest in meaning toFar away HiddenPartly visible Discovered4. According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?Inside pieces of sand and gravel On top of beds of rockIn fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soilIn spaces between pieces of sediment 5. The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers toFast rivers GlaciersThe huge volumes of water created by glacial meltingGROUNDWATERGroundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground,filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface,from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains,sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.The necessary space is there, however,in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example,as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed outwash, that was slowed down.The same thing happens to this day,though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows:the water usually spreads out fanwise,Paragraph 3:6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPTA mountain valley Flat land A lake floor The seafloorParagraph 4:7. The word “overlie” in the passag e is closest in meaning toCover Change Separate Surround Paragraph 5:8. The phrase “so much for” in the passage is closest in meaning toThat is enough about Now let us turn to Of greater concern are This is related to 9. The word “plugged” in the passag e is closet in meaning toWashed Dragged Filled upSoaked throughParagraph 6:Paragraph 7:10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why isa also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date,when the sea level falls or the land rises;such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.So much for unconsolidated sediments.Consolidated (or cemented) sediments, too,contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at anytime afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava,which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.The proportion of empty space in aIt has a low proportion of empty space. It is highly permeable.11. What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?depends on pore size. If the pores are large,the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; thenthe water will be firmly held.Muchof the waterin a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface,leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore13. Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate the passage.away?Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2points.Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.Answer choicesSediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.be thought of as consisting of water that can,====================================== ========================================= ======Paragraph 1:1. The word “championed” in the passageTHE ORIGINS OF THEATER In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily onis closest in meaning toChanged Debated CreatedSupported2. The word “attributes” in the passage isclosest in meaning toAscribesLeaves LimitsContrasts 3. According to paragraph 1, theories of theorigins of theaterAre mainly hypotheticalAre well supported by factual evidenceHave rarely been agreed upon by anthropologistsWere expressed in the early stages of theater’sdevelopment4. According to paragraph 1, why did some societies develop and repeat ceremonial actions?5. The word “this” in the passage refers to6. The word “autonomous” in the passageis closest in meaning toArtisticspeculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magicalforces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope toinfluence.Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations.As a people becomes more sophisticated,its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity,and thereafter entertainment and ImportantIndependentEstablished7. According to paragraph 2, what may cause societies to abandon certain rites?Emphasizing theater as entertainmentDeveloping a new understanding of why events occur.Finding a more sophisticated way of representing mythical charactersMoving from a primarily oral tradition to a more written traditionParagraph 5:8. All of following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to develop theater EXCEPT: Theater allows people to face that they are afraid of.Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns.Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, itis by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds. Admiration for the performer’s skill, vi rtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances.In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.The author points out problems with two popular theories.Paragraph 6:10 The word “penchant” in the passage is closest in meaning toCompromiseInclinationTraditionRespect11 Why does the author mention “comedy”?To give an example of early types of theaterTo explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfareTo help explain why detachment is needed for the development of theaterTo show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society.12 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society toabandon it from the oral tradition.Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.Myths sometimes survived in a soc iety’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even Paragraph 3:13 Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.To enhance their listener’s enjoyment,storytellers continually make their stores more engaging and memorable.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14Anthropologists have developed many theories to help understand why and how theater originated.Answer choicesThe presence of theater in almost all societies is thought to have occurred because early story tellers traveled to different groups to tell their stores.Many theorists believe that theater arises societies act out myths to preserve social well-being.The more sophisticated societies became,the better they could influence desirable occurrences through ritualized theater.Some theories of theater development focus on how theater was used by group leadersAlthough origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or othe r feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.to group leaders govern other members of society.Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.The human capacities for imitation andfantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.====================================== ========================================= =======Paragraph 11. The word “dramatic” in the passage is closest in meaning toGradual Complex VisibleStriking 2. Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?In an area that has little water In an area that has little sunlight Above a transition areaOn a mountain that has on upper timberline.3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about both the upper and lower timberlines? Both are treeless zonesBoth mark forest boundaries.Both are surrounded by desert areas. Both suffer from a lack of moisture.Paragraph 24. Paragraph 2 supports which of the following statements about deciduous trees?They cannot grow in cold climates.They do not exist at the upper timberline. They are less likely than evergreens to survive at the upper timberline.They do not require as much moisture asTIMBERLINE VEGETATIONON MOUNTAINSThe transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and arereplaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.The upper timberline, like the snow line, is highest in the tropics and lowest in the Polar Regions. It ranges from sea level in the Polar Regions to 4,500meters in the dry subtropics and 3,500-4,500 meters in the moist tropics.Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. There are some areas,however, where broadleaf deciduous trees form the timberline. Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline in parts of the Himalayas.evergreens do.Paragraph 35. The word attain in the passage is closest in meaning torequire resist achieveendure6. The word they in the passage refers to valleys trees heightsridges7. The word prone in the passage is closest in meaning toadapted likely difficult resistant8. According to paragraph 3, which of the and upper latitudes? Tree growth is negatively affected by the snow cover in valleys.Tree growth is greater in valleys than on ridges.Tree growth on ridges is not affected by high-velocity winds.Tree growth lasts longer in those latitudes than it does in the tropics.Paragraph 49. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of thoseAt the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. This is because middle- and upper- latitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils.There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline.Various environmental factors may play a role. Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy te-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where seedlings cannot establishthemselves.Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor.Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature, for if the growing season is too short and temperatures are too low, tree shoots and buds cannot mature sufficiently toaltitudes.As altitude increases, the velocity ofwinds increase, leading to a serious decrease inthe number of trees found at high altitudes.The deformed shapes of trees at highaltitudes show that wind velocity, whichincrease with altitude, can cause serioushardship for trees.Increased wind velocity at high altitudesdeforms the shapes of trees, and this may causeserious stress for trees.10. In paragraph 4, what is the author’smain purpose in the discussion of the dramaticcessation of tree growth at the upper timberline?Above the tree line there is a zonethat is generally called alpine tundra.Immediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly completecover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, andgrasses, while higher up the number anddiversity of species decrease until there ismuch bare ground with occasionalindicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.13.At the timberline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.Answer choicesBirch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline.The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds.The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics.High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex.Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundrais an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures.mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. Some plants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. The highest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in the Himalayas. At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts.。
TPO1-10词汇题
TPO1○Confusing○Comforting○Unbelievable○Interesting○Far away○Hidden○Partly visible○Discovered○Cover○Change○Separate○Surround○T hat is enough about○Now let us turn to○Of greater concern are○○Washed○Dragged○Filled up○1.○Changed○Debated○Created○S upported2.○Ascribes○Leaves○Limits○Contrasts6.○Artistic○Important○Independent○Established10．○Compromise○Inclination○Tradition○Respect1.○Gradual○Complex○Visible○Striking○require○resist○achieve○endure○adapted○likely○difficult○resistant○Exact○Scarce○Valuable○Initial○Explained○Visible○Identified○Located○Staying afloat○Changing direction ○Decreasing weight ○○Restricted○Endangered○Prevented○Rejected○Fragile○Predictable○Complex○Valuable○Openly○Impressively○Objectively○○○Hidden by○Except for○○○Easily○Intelligently○Obviously5. The word○Criticism○Leadership○Help○Approval○○Was improved○Was varied○Was rejectedTPO32. The word in the passage is closet in meaning to ○In existence○Without question○Achievable○○Combined○Created○Introduced○Suggested5.○Essential○Variable○Practical○9. in meaning to ○Difficult○Necessary○Skilled○Shared4.○Continuing○Surprising○Initial○○Difficult to control○Without any restriction○Unlike anything in the past○○Clearly○Perhaps○Frequently○Almost10.○Unfortunate○Predictable○Unavoidable○Final1.○Natural○Final○Specific○Complex8.○Increase○Ensure○Favor○Complicate10.○○Differs○Loses significance○Is common12．○Foreign○Stable○Fluid○NeighboringTPO43.○ Consists of○ Combines○ Restricts○ Establishes4.○ Impatiently○ Humorously○ Continuously○period○ Whose end has not been determined○ That does not begin when expected○ That lasts only briefly○10．○ Decline○ Recovery○ Exchange○1．○○Surprising○Limited○Adequate3．○Major○Likely○Well protected○Distinct5．The○Conditions○Problems○Influences○Decorations1．○Grow up○Build up○Spread out○Break apart5．age is closest in meaning to ○Nearby○Existing○Special○Deep9．○Inclining○Forming○Rolling11．○Reach○Flood○Pollute○AlterTPO52.fight offshowcausespreadaffectsmakes easiergrownprotectedspread outhungofferpreventincreaseremovepowerfulfavorablecurrentskillstoolsopportunitiespracticesmysteriousunexpectedacknowledged1.importantunexplainedsudden2.collectivelycomparatively3.steady decline in numbergradual increase in body sizepreventencourageaffectTPO6○utilized○recognized○examined○○quickly○ultimately○greatly○initially○began to prefer○ wanted to have○ became used to○○gained○established○profited from○○thorough○strict○basic○○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviously○vanished○developed○varied○survived10. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to○possibly○absolutely○surprisingly○nearlyin the passage is closest in meaning to ○flexible○believable○debatable○○○ repetition○occurrence○idea○○partially○consistently○subsequentlyin the passage is closest in meaning to ○ system○ theory○ source○ viewpointTPO71．○○requirement○purpose○feature8. The word “scores” in the passage is closest in meaning to○members○large numbers○populations○different types11. The word “Turbulent” in the passage is clo sest in meaning to○fresh○deep○violent○temperate3. The phrase “obsession with” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○thinking about○fixation on○interest in○6.○accepted○combined○introduced○encouraged11.○abilities○areas○combinations○models1.○○was understood○spread○developed7. The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to○fascinating○far-reaching○necessary○temporary8. The word “ritual” in the passage is closest in meaning to○military○physical○ceremonial○permanent11. The word “fleeing” in the passage is closest in mean ing to○afraid of○displaced by○running away from○responding toTPO8○ancient○carefully○very large○○identify precisely○make an argument for○describe○○ambition○sincerity○faith○○most aggressive○most productive○principal○earliest○adapt○move○continue○compete○extremes○retreats○periods○variations○approach○strike○pass○circle○exhaustion○disturbance○modification○disappearance1. The word merge in the passage is closest in meaning to○expand○separate○straighten out○combine○remains○sites○requirements○sources○○small○multiple○familiar○clues○features○arguments○effects○○inflexibly○convincingly○carefullyTPO9○before○immediately after ○during○in spite of○Frozen○Various○Isolated○Huge○not familiar○not suitable○not dangerous○○chance○protection○possibility○in centive○supported○shaped○stimulated○suggested○continue○occur○succeed○apply○unbiased○positive○systematic○thorough○○persuasive○original○practical○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○○○plentifully○usefully○○multiply○emerge○live○evolve○hidden○inactive○underground○preservedTPO101.meaning to○origin○importance○quality○design3. meaning to ○divided○extended○developed○vanished6. in meaning to ○improved○investigated○narrowed○caused8. closest in meaning to ○while○previously○surprisingly○because12.○religious ceremonies○descriptions○types of ware○pots○noticeable○confusing○true○unlikely○dramatic○important○unpredictable○common○records○discussions○results○variations○demonstrated○called upon○supported○expected2.○historical○many○important○hidden6.○○very low○traditional○primary11.meaning to○a new development introduced by the English ○an arrangement found only in England○a type of agreement negotiated in English○a type of partnership based on English law。
托福词汇题练习tpo题集
词汇题练习—tpo1-71. The word “ precious ” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Exactb. scarec. valuableAlthough limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the orig ins of .....................................2. The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in mening toa. Explainedb. visible d. locatedSeveral skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sedime nts left by …and now exposed in the Sahara desert.3. The word “propulsion ” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Staying afloat direction c. decreasing weight forwardThe structure of the backbone shows, however, that it swamlike modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water.4. The word “threatened ” in the passage is cloest in mening toa. Restrictedb. endangeredc. preventedd. rejectedThe expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called deserfication. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth 's land surface is threatened bythis process.5. The word “delicate ” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa. Fragile c. complexThe semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased exvironmental pressures.6. The word “ progressively ” in the passage is cloest in meaning toa. Openlyb. impressivelyc. objectivelyThe cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown.7. The phrase “ devoid of ” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Consisting ofb. hidden byc. except ford. lacking inSince the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of thenatural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land deviold of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.8. The word “ readily ” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Frequentlyb. easilyc. intelligentlyd. obviouslyExhibitors, however, wated to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to a hundreds of customers at a time …9. The word “assistance ” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Criticismb. leadershipc. helpd. approval… with the assistance of Edison 's former assistant ……10. The word “expanded” in the passage is closest in meaning toa. Was enlargedb. was improvedc. was variedd. was rejectedAt the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded fromthe min iscule peepshow dime nsions of 1-2 in ches (in height) to the life-size proporti ons of 6 or 9 feet.word “ out of sight ” in the passa ge is closet in meaning to(A) far away(B) hidden(C) partly visibled discoveredword “ in credible ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) confusing(B) comforting(C) unbelievabled in terest ingword “ overlie ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) cover(B) change(C) separate(D) surroundword “ so much for ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) That is enough about(B) Now let us turn to(C) Of greater concern are(D) This is related toword “ plugged ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) washed(B) dragged(C) filled upd soaked throughword “ enhance” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) protect(B) improve(C) organize(D) match17. The word “ feasible ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) in existenee(B) without question(C) achievabled most likelyword “ integral ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) esse ntial(B) variable(C) practical(D) in depe ndentword “ arduous ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Difficult(B) Necessary(C) Skilled(D) Sharedword “ particular ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Natural(B) Final(C) Specific(D) Complexword “ guarantee ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) In crease(B) En sure(C) Favor(D) Complicateword “ pales ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) In creases proporti on ally(B) Differs(C) Loses significanee(D) Is com monword “ adjace nt ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Foreig n(B) Stable(C) FluidD Neighbor ingword “ ensuing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Continuing(B) Surprising(C) Initial(D) Subsequentword “ unprecedented |” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Difficult to con trol(B) Without any restricti on(C) Un like any thi ng in the past(D) Rapidly expa nding26. The word “ virtually ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Clearly(B) Perhaps(C) Freque ntly(D) Almostword “ in evitable ” in the passage is clo sest in meaning to(A) Unfortunate(B) Predictable(C) Un avoidable(D) Fin alword “ inhibits ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) con sists of(B) comb ines(C) restrictsd establishesphrase “ in the same breath ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) impatie ntly(B) humorously(C) con ti nuouslyd immediatelyphrase “ indefinite period ” in the passage is closest in meaning to a period(A) whose end has not been determined(B) that does not beg in whe n expected(C) that lasts only briefly(D) whose importa nee rema ins unknownword "rebound ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) decline(B) recovery(C) exchange(D) movementword “ marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Considerable(B) Surprising(C) LimitedAdequateword “ principal ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Major(B) Likely(C) Well protected(D) Dist inctword “ trappings ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Con ditio ns(B) Problems(C) In flue ncesDecorati onsword “ accumulate ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Grow up(B) (B) Build up(C) (C) Spread out(D) (D) Break apartword “ adjace nt ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Nearby(B) Exist ing(C) Special(D) Deepword “ sloping ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) Shifting(B) (B) Inclining(C) (C) Forming(D) (D) Rolli ngword “ foul ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) slows dow n(B) affects(C) makes easier(D) focuses on41. The word “ suspended ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) grow n(B) protected(C) spread outd hung42. The word “ afford "in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) offer(B) preve nt(C) in creased remove43. The word " overwhelming ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) powerful(B) favorable(C) current(D) reas on able44. The word " implements ” in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) skills(B) tools(C) opportunities(A) Reach (B) Flood (C) Pollute (D) Alter39. The word (A) fight off(B) show(C) cause (D) spread40. The wordexhibit "in the passage is closest in meaning to facilitates in the passage is closest in mea ning to(D) practices45. The word “ undisputed ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) mysterious(B) unexpected(C) ack no wledged(D) significant46. The word “ significant ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) numerous(B) important(C) unexpected(D) sudden47. The word “ relatively ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) surprisingly(B) collectively(C) comparatively(D) characteristically48. The word “ diversification ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) emerge nee of many varieties(B) steady decline in number(C) gradual in crease in body size(D) sudden disappearanee49. The word “ promote ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) complicate(B) prevent(C) encouraged affect50. The word “ exploited "in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) utilized(B) recognized(C) examined(D) fully understood51. The word “ vastly "in the passage is closet in meaning to(A) quickly(B) ultimately(C) greatlyd in itially52. The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) began to prefer(B) wan ted to have(C) became used toin sisted on53. The word " retained "in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) gained(B) established(C) profited from(D) maintained54. The word rudime ntary in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thorough(B) strict(C) basic(D) occasional55. The word meticulously in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) carefully(B) quickly(C) frequentlyobviously56. The word “ endured ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) vanished(B) developed(C) variedsurvived57. The word “ virtually ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) possibly(B) absolutely(C) surprisingly(D) nearly58. The word “ plausible ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) flexible(B) believable(C) debatable(D) predictable59. The word “ phenomenoS in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) exception(B) repetition(C) occurrenee(D) idea60. The word “ critically ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fun dame ntally(B) partially(C) consistently(D) subsequentlyword “ perspective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) system(B) theory(C) sourced viewpo intword “ objective ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) achievement(B) requirement(C) purpose(D) feature63. The word “ scores ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) members(B) large numbers(C) populations(D) different types64. The word “ Turbulent ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) deep(C) violentd temperate65. The phrase “ obsession with ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) thinking about(B) fixation on(C) interest in(D) attitude toward66. The word “ fostered ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) accepted(B) combined(C) introduced(D) encouraged67. The word “ spheres ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) abilities(B) areas(C) comb in ati ons(D) models68. The word “ diffused ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) emerged(B) was understood(C) spread(D) developed69. The word “ profound ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) fasc in at ing(B) far-reaching(C) necessary(D) temporary70. The word “ ritual ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) military(B) physical(C) ceremonial(D) permanent71. The word “ fleeing ” in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) afraid of(B) displaced by(C) running away from(D) responding to。
托福TPO1-33阅读词汇
托福TPO1-33阅读词汇GROUNDWATERmeteoric（大气的）soak（渗透）precipitation（降雨量）pebble（卵石）gravel（沙砾）coarse（粗的）outwash（冲刷）fanwise（成扇形地）overlie（躺在……上面）pore（毛孔）cement（粘结，巩固）percolate（渗透）porous（多孔的）crystalline（结晶的）permeability（渗透性）cavity（洞）crevice（裂缝）plug（用塞子塞满）THE ORIGINS OF THEATERrely（信任）envision（想象）perceive（察觉）ritual（仪式）modify（修改，更改）oral（口头的）thereafter （此后）aesthetic（美学的）propose（提议）elaborate（详细说明）narrator（叙述者）pantomime（哑剧）impersonation（扮演）antecedent（祖先）whereby(借以)penchant（爱好）inclination（倾向，爱好）comic（滑稽的）nevertheless（尽管如此）retain（保持）fulfill（履行，完成）confront（面对）ARCHITECTUREenclose（围住）symbolic（象征的）grow out of（源于）dimensional（空间的）feasible（可行的）mediocre（平庸的）in terms of（就……而言）ease（简单）plumbing（管道装置）arduous（艰难的）pile（堆积，装载）segment（部分）drain（下水道）divert（转移）Depletion of the Ogallala Aquiferdepletion（消耗，逐渐耗尽）rancher（大牧场主）aquifer（蓄水层）well（水井）ensuing（继而发生的）tap（从……放出液体）sorghum（高粱）unprecedented（空前的，史无前例的）finite（有限的）negligible（不可忽略的）replenish（补充）dug（挖）necessitate（迫使）withdrawal（撤退）conserve（保存）grandiose（壮观的）inject（注射）triple（三倍的）strain（紧张）subsequent（随后的）The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystemsassemble（集合，聚集）flexibly（如意地）term（术语）pond(池塘)property（道具）climax（顶点，极点）invasion（入侵）pest（害虫）resilience（还原能力）fragile（易碎的，脆的）temperate（温和的）tricycle（三轮车）pale（变得苍白，变得暗淡）likewise（同样地）Opportunists and Competitorsmetabolism（n.新陈代谢）expenditure（花费，使用）squander（浪费）ultimately（最终地）dandelion（蒲公英）hollow（空的）dispersal（散布，传播）prolifically（多产地）term（把……称为）compensate （补偿）soar（往上飞舞）plummet（垂直落下）foul（难闻的）render（使成为）blend（混合物）Lascaux Cave Paintingsprehistoric（史前的）beast（兽）solemn（庄严的，严肃的）parade（游行，列队行进）bison（野牛）outline（勾勒）charcoal（木炭）smear（涂，沫）spray（喷射）stain（沾染，着色）recess（幽深处）cramped（狭窄的）obliterate（清除，涂去）conceivable（可相信的）realm（领域，范围）tribal （部落的）substantiate（实体化，证实）indecipherable（难辨认的）prone（俯卧的，有……倾向的）trance（出神，恍惚）uniformly（一致地）credence（相信，信任）mystique（n.神秘性）Electricity from Windturbine（涡轮机）in principle（原则上，基本上）moderate（中等的）heat-trapping（致温室效应气体的）lease（出租）projected（预期的）cell（电池）hydropower（水力发出的电力）interfere（妨碍）pit（与……较量）dwarf（变小）in place（在工作，准备就绪）virtually（实际上）Deer Populations of the Puget Soundprairie（大草原）understory（林下叶层）meadow（草地，牧场）browse（吃青草，绿叶等）bemoan（惋惜，认为遗憾）succulent（多汁的）game（猎物）elk（麋鹿）botanical（植物学的）disturbing（令人不安的）fort（城堡）plight （苦境）encroach（侵犯）yield（生产）rebound（反弹）substantially（本质上地）Cave Art in Europebead（小珠子）carving（雕刻）crude（天然的，未加工的）slab（平板）excavate（挖掘）gallery（走廊）bare（赤裸的）backdrop（背景）trapping（装饰）depict（描绘）chip（薄片，碎屑）herd（兽群）explicitly（明白地，明确地）portray（描绘，描写）hide（兽皮）tusk（牙）reindeer（驯鹿）confine（限制，局限于）engraving（版画，雕版印刷品）phase（阶段，时期）fertility（多产）Petroleum Resourcesdissolved(熔化的)deposit（沉淀物）droplet（小滴）squeeze（挤，榨）saturated（渗透的）valuable（宝贵的）underlie（存在于某物之下）derrick（起重机）portable（便携式的）dismantle（拆卸）spout（喷口）gusher（喷油井）refinery（精炼厂）hostile（有阻碍的）offshore（离岸的）spillage（溢出）foul（污染）subside（沉没，平息）Meteorites Impact and Dinosaur Extinctionmeteorite(陨星)catastrophe（灾难）dozen（十二个）intrigue（激起……的好奇心）paleontologist（古生物学家）diameter（直径）envelop（包围）crust（地壳）dilute（稀释）terrestrial（地球的）excavate（挖掘）crater（火山口）block(阻碍)plunge（使……陷入）presumably（ad.据推测）tentatively(试验性的，暂时的)evolutionary（进化的）niche（壁龛，凹进的地方）mechanism（途径）fundamentally（根本地）criterion（准则）cosmic（宇宙的）pose（造成）MINERALS AND PLANTSsource(来源)nitrogen（氮）nitrate（硝酸盐）ion（离子）notoriously（臭名昭著地，声名狼藉地）serpentine（a.像蛇般蜷曲的，蜿蜒的）calcium（钙）depletion（n.消耗，用尽）detect（发现）symptom（症状）chlorosis（萎黄病，变色病）chlorophyll（叶绿素）anthocyanin（花青素）stem（茎）stunt（阻碍成长）tissue（组织）herbaceou（草本）phosphorus（鳞）slender（a.苗条的，细长的）anthocyanin（花青素）discoloration（变色，污点）petiole（叶柄）omit（省略）facilitate（使容易）overabundance（n.过多）toxic（a.有毒的）saline（a.含盐的）sodium（钠）chloride（氯化物）lead（铅）mercury（水银）aluminum（铝）copper （铜）zinc（锌）amass（积累）shrub（灌木）tropical（热带的）pathogen（病菌）scenario（剧情说明，脚本）relocate（迁移）compound（n.复合物，化合物）excavation（挖掘）reburial（填埋）T HE ORIGIN OF THE PACIFIC ISLAND PEOPLEgreater(广义的)primarily（主要地）scattered（分散的）triangle（三角形）speculation（思考）solid（可靠的）fanciful（奇异的）deprecate（反对）navigational（航行的，航海的）anthropologist（人类学家）colonize（开拓殖民地）civilization（文明）drift（vi.漂，漂流）prevailing（一般的，普通的）domesticated（驯养的）marginal（贫瘠的）prerequisite（先决条件，前提）cultivated（耕种的）taro（芋头）yarn（纱）sugarcane（甘蔗）sago（西米）outrigger（支架）canoe（独木舟）voyage（航行）maroon（使（人）处于孤独无助之境）adrift（a.漂泊的，漂流的）deliberate（故意的，蓄意的）expedition（远征，探险，冒险）simulation（模仿，模拟）dynamic（动力）undisputed（无可置疑的）sweet potato（红薯）THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSIONCambrian(寒武纪的)geologic（地质学的）eukaryotic（真核状态的）last（最近的）geologically（从地质上来说）evolved（进化）diversification（多样化）multicellular（多细胞的）paleontologists（古生物学家）interpretation（解释）fossilize（使成化石）exclusively（专门地）site（位置）descendant（后代）slide（滑落）favor（促成）predator（食肉动物）detritus（岩屑）algae（海藻）arthropod（节肢动物）mite（螨虫）crab（螃蟹）zoologist（动物学家）niche（生态位，一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位）pose（提出）discourage（阻碍）Powering the Industrial Revolution dramatic （巨大的）harness（利用）windmill（风车）textile（纺织品）steam（蒸汽）piston（活塞）cylinder（圆柱体，汽缸）atmospheric pressure（大气压）condense（使浓缩）vacuum（真空）reciprocating（a.往复的，来回的）rotary（旋转的，循环的）illumination(照明)millennium（一千年）charcoal（木炭）ore（矿石）retained（保持）multiply（使增加）canal（运河）turnpike（公路）hilly terrain（多山的地带）ingredient（成分，因素）laden（a.负重的，载满的）wagon（四轮的运货马车）flanged（带凸缘的）haul（拖，拉）stationary（不动的，静止的）William Smithroam（漫游，闲逛）apprentice（当学徒）parish（教区）proceed（继续）excavate（挖掘）canal（运河）outcrop（露出地面的岩层）revealed（露出的）strata（地层）coach（长途客运汽车）meticulously （异常细致地）catalog（编目录）calculate（估计）quartz（石英）ion（离子）Pleistocene（更新世的）shale（页岩）sandstone（砂岩）endure（长时间忍受）temporal（时间的）limestone（石灰岩）Jurassic（侏罗纪的）trilobite（三叶虫）ubiquitous（普遍存在的）arthropod（截肢动物）Infantile Amnesiainfantile(a.婴儿期的)amnesia(记忆缺失)scanty（a.缺乏的）distinctive（有特色的，与众不同的）sibling（n.兄弟，姐妹）enduring（a.持久的）repression（n.压抑）episode（情节，片段）toddler（初学走路的孩子）physiological（生理学的）psychological(心理学的)retrieve（回忆）explicit（明确的）verbal（言语的）extract（提取）gist（要点）verbalizable（可用言辞表达的）incompatibility（n.不两立，不相容）encode（把……编码）mismatch（n.不匹配）verbally（ad.言语上的）exclusive（排斥的）substantiate（证明）thoroughly（彻底地）reject（拒绝）The Geologic History of the MediterraneanMediterranean(地中海)vessel（船，舰）cruise（乘船游览）invertebrate（无脊柱的）domelike（穹顶状的）crystalline（结晶的）pebble（小圆石）gypsum（石膏）fragment（碎片）peculiarity(特性）strait（海峡）crustal（地壳的）evaporate（蒸发）calcium sulfate（硫酸钙）precipitate（沉淀）soluble（可溶的）sodium chloride (salt)（硫化钠）deluge（洪水）adjustment（调整）faulting（断层作用）cascade（倾泻）spectacularly（令人吃惊地）Ancient Rome and Greececohesiveness(粘合性)peculiarly（ad.特有地）cement（水泥）realm（王国，范围）monolithic（整体的）garrison（守备部队）utterly（ad.完全地）obsession（困扰）cohesion（凝聚力）scattered（a.分散的）territorial（领土的）stark（a.完全的）undeniable（无可否认的）legion（古罗马军团；众多，大量）rural（a.乡村的）engender（造成）virtue（美德）gravitas(n.庄严的举止）infinitely（无限地）worshipper（礼拜者）predisposed（a.倾向于……的）subtlety（狡猾）novelty（新奇的事物）disdain（轻视）debt（债务）moral（道德的）consciously（有意识地）tension（压力）Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoplesmillet(小米)sorghum（高粱）domestic(本国的，家庭的)chariot（马车）savannah（大草原）cavalry（骑兵）empire（帝国）innovation（改革）harsh（严厉的，严酷的）barrier（栅栏）intermediate（中间的）copper（铜）bronze（青铜）metallurgy（冶金学）penetrate（穿过）Nigeria（尼日利亚）Ghana（加纳）Mali（马里）shift（改变，改革）profound（a.深远的）complexity（复杂性）blacksmith（铁匠）hoe（锄）warrior（武士）ritual（宗教的，仪式性的）ingenious（设计独特的）furnace（熔炉）ore（矿物）migration（迁移）archaeologist（考古学家）demographic（a.人口统计学的）THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACANedifice（宏伟的建筑物）grid（n.网络）metropolis（n.首都，大城市）valley（峡谷）pinpoint（v.确定，精确地定位）shrine（宗教圣地）millennium（n.千年）ingenuity（独创性）foresightedness（先见之明）elite（n.精英）circumstantially（ad.偶然地）coexisted（同时存在）lava（熔岩）rival（竞争对手）modest（中等的）predominant（a.占主导地位的）along with（和……一起）commodity（n.商品）exotic（a.外来的）consciously（有意识地）inhabitant（居民）feedback（反馈）coerce（迫使）EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURS paleontologist（古生物学家）demise（死亡）alteration（改变）plate tectonics（板块构造学）shallow（浅的）geochemical（地球化学的）frigid（寒冷的）buffer（减轻）retreat（后退）crocodile（鳄鱼）torrid（酷热的）at the mercy of（任……摆布）crippled（跛的）conventional（传统的）clay（黏土，泥土）deposit（使沉淀，放置）iridium (lr) （铱）metallic（金属的）preferentially（优先地）meteorite（陨石）microscopic（微小的）bombard（撞击）calculation（计算）asteroid(小行星)fallout（灰尘）inhibit（抑制）photosynthesis（光合作用）disruption（扰乱）eradicate（灭绝）precede（v.在……之前发生）RUNNING WATER ON MARS channel(通道)interconnect（相互连接）merge（融合）resemblance（相似）thicker（较厚的）relic（遗产）relics（崩溃）catastrophic（灾难性的）onrushing（猛冲的，汹涌的）arise from（产生与，起因于）adorn（装饰）delta（三角洲）fan（扇形）crater（火山口）proponent（支持者）conceivably（令人信服地）detractor（诋毁者）Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coastcolonize(殖民)migration（迁移）corridor（走廊）crumble（崩溃）paleoecologist（古生态学家）radiocarbon（放射性碳）persuasively（口才好地）watercraft（水运船只）archaeologist（考古学家）continental shelf（大陆架）submerged（水下的）proponent（支持者）refuge（庇护所）deglaciation（冰消作用）sizable（相当大的）marine（海洋的）mammal（哺乳动物）REFLECTION IN TEACHINGscheme(计划，方案)paucity（缺乏）discipline（准则）void（空隙）abstraction（抽象）utilitarian（功利主义者）reveal（显示，透露）evaluate（评价）contributory（促成的）revise（修改）central（重要的）facilitate（使便利；促进）collaborative（合作的）inconsistency（矛盾）vaguely（含糊地）perceivable（可知觉的）vulnerability（易受伤）unexplored（未知的）externally（ad.在外部）THE ARRIV AL OF PLANT LIFE IN HAWAIIvolcano（火山）landmass（大陆）blazing（酷热的）drenching（湿透的）harsh（粗糙的）spore（孢子）breeze（微风）deposit（放置）toehold（不稳定的立足点）forbidding（冷峻的）lichen（地衣）flora（植物群）symbiotic（共生的）alga（水藻）fungus（真菌）molecule（分子）molten（熔化的）fern（蕨类植物）moss（苔藓）crevice（尤指岩石的裂缝）propagate（繁殖）afield（远离着家乡的）sheer（完全的）naked（裸露的）angiosperm（被子植物）wrap（包裹）tempting（诱人的）peach（桃）cherry（樱桃）dandelion（蒲公英）dormant（休眠的）buoyant(有浮力的)remarkably(引人注目地)prolonged（持续很久的）immersion（沉浸）archipelago（群岛）FEEDING HABITS OF EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORESbuffalo(水牛)herbivores（食草动物）illusory(貌似真实的)vegetation（植物）succulent（汁多味美的）sparsely（稀疏地）proportion（比例）extract （提取）gut（肠）derive(从……中获得)metabolic(新陈代谢的）provided that（需要进一步规定时常常使用）fastidious（过分挑剔的）LOIE FULLER devise（设计）shifting（转变）voluminous（大体积的）wand（棍，棒）costume（戏服）virtuosity（精湛技艺）prestigious（受尊敬的）stint（限制）accord（一致，符合）moral（道德上的）synthesize（综合）leaning（爱好）canvas（帆布）pane（窗玻璃）address（强调）invisibly（看不见地，无形地）agitate（摇动）simulate（模仿）stagecraft（编剧才能）Chinese Pottery pottery（陶器）porcelain（瓷器）ceramics（陶器）burial（埋葬）earthenware（土质瓷器）glazed（光滑的，像玻璃的）delineate（勾画，描述）ornament（装饰）tomb（墓穴）instigate（鼓动）cause （促使）ore（矿）muted（温和的）spout（喷口）precisely（精确地）adornment（装饰）obscured（不重要的）religious（宗教的）secular（世俗的）imperial（帝国的）assist（帮助）Seventeenth-Cen tury European Economic Growthreclamation(开垦)spectacular（壮观的）intrinsic（固有的，本身的）cottage（小屋，村舍）ravages（毁坏后的残迹）scant（不足的）remuneration（酬劳）meager（不足的）financiers(金融家)traders（商人）medieval（中世纪的）soap（肥皂）joint-stock（合资的，股份组织的）Variations in the Climateconstitute（构成）immensely（非常，极大地）complicate（使复杂化）interval（间隔时间）appreciably（略微，有一点地）ambient（周围的）annual（每年的）property（特性）nonetheless（虽然如此，但是）intriguing（非常有趣的）striking（显著的）chaotic（混乱的）erratic（不确定的）Orientation and Navigationperplex(使困惑)orient（使确定方向）restless（焦躁不安的）flutter（振翅）overcast（天阴的，多云的）surmise（推测）preposterous（荒谬的）planetarium（天文馆）domelike（穹顶状的）ceiling（天花板）rotate（旋转）magnetism（磁性）sonar（声纳系统）。
【备考词汇】托福阅读TPO真题词汇整理――TPO1讲解
【备考词汇】托福阅读TPO真题词汇整理本文是托福阅读真题TPO1的托福词汇题,托福阅读词汇题是托福阅读重点题型,熟悉TPO真题将有效帮助大家提升托福考试效率。
希望能给正在备考的同学带来帮助。
TPO 1champion---support 支持;保卫ascribe---attribute 归因于autonomous---independent 自治的;独立的penchant---inclination 倾向;嗜好;爱好dramatic---striking 戏剧性的;激烈的attain---achieve 获得;达到prone---likely 倾向于prevalent---widespread 普遍的;广泛的incredible---unbelievable 难以置信的;不可思议的out of sight---hidden 看不见的;隐藏的overlay---cover 覆盖;重叠so much for---that is enough about 表示大量的plug---fill up 塞满;使充满TPO2devoid of---lacking in 缺乏的progressively---increasingly 前进地delicate---fragile 脆弱的threatened---endangered 受到威胁的precious---valuable 宝贵的exposed---visible 暴露的;可见的propulsion---moving forward 推进readily---easily 轻易地assistance---help 援助expanded---was enlarged 扩大的TPO3feasible---achievable 可行的enhance---improve 提高;加强devised---created 设计;发明integral---essential 不可或缺的arduous---difficult 费力的;辛勤的ensuing---subsequent 接踵而至的;随后的unprecedented---unlike anything in the past 空前的virtually---almost 实际上地inevitable---unavoidable 不可避免的particular---specific 特别的;特殊的guarantee---ensure 担保pales---loses significance 苍白的;无力的adjacent---neighboring 毗连的;邻近的TPO4inhibits---restricts 阻止;抑制Revised by AMELIAin the same breath---immediately 同时indefinite period---whose end has not been determined 无限期地rebound---recovery 回升;反弹marked—considerable 明显的;显著的principal---major 主要的trapping---decorations 装饰accumulate---build up 堆积;积累adjacent---nearby 邻近的;近旁的sloping---inclining 倾斜的foul---pollute 使污秽;弄脏TPO5exhibit---show展览;展示facilitates---makeeasier使便利suspended---hung挂起afford---offer提供;给予overwhelming---powerful势不可挡的implements---tools工具;用具undisputed---acknowledge无可置疑的,确认significant---important重要的relatively---comparatively相对地diversification---emergenceofmanyvarieties多样化;多元化promote---encourage提升;增进TPO6exploited---utilized 开采;开发;利用vastly---greatly 广大地;许多地grow accustomed to---become used to 习惯于retain---maintain 保持;保留rudimentary---basic 根本的;未发展的meticulously---carefully 精心地;细致地endure---survive 耐久;忍耐virtually---nearly/ almost 差不多,几乎虚拟;其实plausible---believable (借口或解释有道理的phenomenon---occurrence 现象;事件critically---fundamentally 危急地;重要地perspective---viewpoint 远景;前途TPO7objective---purpose 目标;目的scores---large numbers 大量;众多turbulent---violent 狂暴的;吵闹的obsession with---fixation on 固定foster---encourage 鼓励sphere---area 范围;领域 diffused---spread 传播;扩散 Revised by AMELIA profound---far-reaching 深刻的;意义深远的 ritual---ceremonial 典礼;仪式 fleeing---running away from 逃避;逃跑 TPO8 massive---very large 可观的;大量的 pinpoint---identify precisely 准确找出;非常精确 ingenuity---cleverness 独创力;聪明才智predominant---principal 最重要的 cope---adapt 成功的应付;适应 fluctuation---variation 变化;波动 bombard---strike 炮击;攻击 disruption---disturbance 瓦解;崩溃;失调 merge---combine 混合;联合 relics---remains 遗迹miniature---small 小型的;微型的 hint---clue 暗示，线索 TPO9 persuasively---convincingly---compelling 令人信服地 prior to---before 在…之前;较早的 vast---huge 巨大的;广阔的 inhospitable---not suitable 不好客的;不适宜居住的 impetus---incentive 激励;刺激 justified---supported 有正当理由的 flourish---succeed 茂盛;繁荣 objective---unbiased 客观的;公正的 at random---without a definite pattern 任意地;随便地abundantly---plentifully 丰富的;大量的 propagate---multiply 繁衍;增殖 dormant---inactive 潜伏的;不活跃的 TPO10 status---importance 重要身份evolve---develop 使发展;使进化 instigate---cause 鼓励;怂恿;造成 whereas---while 然而;反之 striking---noticeable 显著的 erratic---unpredictable 不确定路线 deliberation---discussion 商议 invoke---call upon 调用;号召 key---important 重要的 meager---very low 不足的;缺乏的。
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【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习——autonomous&artistic
在托福阅读备考过程中，词汇题是阅读题中必考的一个部分，而想要成功答对所有词汇题，并非仅从词汇量一个方面入手就可以。
那么，在以下方面，我们就为大家带来一些TPO 中的经典词汇题，大家不妨来练习一下吧。
Paragraph 2: Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its
conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious concerns. 【TPO1- The Origins of Theater】
6. The word “autonomous” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○artistic
○important
○independent
○established
答案：(3)。