学术英语理工类文献综述英文
英文文献综述标准范文
英文文献综述标准范文As the globalization of the world economy continues to deepen, English has become the most widely used language in the world. In academic research, English literature plays an important role in the dissemination of knowledge and the exchange of academic ideas. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of English literature in order to understand the latest research trends and developments in various fields.A standard English literature review should begin with a clear introduction to the topic of the review. This introduction should provide an overview of the research area, the purpose of the review, and the scope of the literature that will be covered. It is important to clearly define the research questions or objectives that the review aims to address, and to explain the significance of the topic in the broader academic context.The main body of the literature review should be organized thematically, rather than by individual works or authors. This means that the review should be structured around key themes or topics that are relevant to the research area, and should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in each ofthese areas. Each thematic section should begin with a brief introduction to the topic, followed by a critical analysis of the relevant literature. This analysis should include a discussion of the key theories, methodologies, and findings of the research in each area, as well as an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature.In addition to organizing the literature thematically, it is also important to critically evaluate the quality of the research that is reviewed. This involves assessing the validity and reliability of the research methodologies that have been used, as well as the credibility and impact of the findings that have been reported. It is important to consider the strengths and limitations of the research that has been reviewed, and to identify any gaps or inconsistencies in the existing literature that may require further investigation.Finally, the literature review should conclude with a summary of the key findings and insights that have emerged from the review. This summary should highlight the most important contributions that have been made to the research area, and should also identify any areas where further research is needed. It is important to emphasize the implications of the review for future research, and to consider thebroader implications of the findings for the academic community.In conclusion, a standard English literature review should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in a particular research area, and should critically evaluate the quality and impact of the existing literature. By following a clear and systematic approach to reviewing the literature, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the latest research trends and developments, and can identify new opportunities for further investigation.。
学术英语(理工)literature review
Is the cloud computing perfect now?Cloud computing, or the cloud, is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. And with various terminals developing fast, the durative, massive and intricate computing related to these terminals really become urgent problems. And for the present, cloud computing is a solution. But if we allow the cloud computing to contact with our private information, is it secure enough? And in which field can we improve the security? In the Security Benefits of Cloud Computing, Felician Aleca introduced the cloud computing and analyze its extensive application in the Internet field. It clarified many advantages of the cloud computing. In addition, it also introduced some major security benefits for individuals or companies which are provided by the cloud computing. But nearly every Internet technique will produce some latent vulnerability. In an essay about computer hacker, How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside”a Computer?, by Julie J. C. H. Ryan, it introduced the various ways that hackers use to invade into computer. And there are three major patterns of these ways, which are gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of system, or capturing information being communicated between systems (J.C.H.Ryan,2004). And in the end, it reminds the importance of protecting our computer. As we all known, the personal terminals always store many private information, and the cloud store the users’ data on the Internet servers , in this way, it will cause large-scale information leakage once the hackers invade to these servers online. In fact, we are becoming more vulnerable while we enjoy the benefit of centralized processing by cloud computing. So how to improve the security of the users’ data stored in the cloud is real ly worth studying.ReferenceJulie J. C. H. Ryan. How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer?. Scientific American, August 16, 2004.Felician Alecu. Security Benefits of Cloud Computing. International Conference on Security for Information Technology and Communication, November 2008, Bucharest, Romania.。
文献综述英文格式
文献综述英文格式The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare。
Introduction。
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, and healthcare is no exception. With its ability to analyze vast amounts of data, AI has the potential to transform healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the efficiency of healthcare systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of AI on healthcare, covering various aspects such as diagnosis, treatment, patient monitoring, and healthcare management.1. AI in Diagnosis。
AI has shown great promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis. Machine learning algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect abnormalities and assist radiologists in making accurate diagnoses. For example, a deep learning algorithm developed by researchers at Stanford University achieved a level of accuracy comparable to human dermatologists in identifying skin cancer from images. AI-powered diagnostic tools can help reduce diagnostic errors, speed up the diagnosis process, and enable early detection of diseases.2. AI in Treatment。
文献综述带英语版
Modern office building integrated design researchIn 1，the demand of environmental protectionThe earth is our common home, development of human civilization in the history also paid heavy price，the human living environment worsening。
The protection of the earth, love for the environment, maintaining the ecological，realize the sustainable development, has become the government and the common people the focus of attention. Office buildings in its energy consumption and environmental pollution etc，be the first to bear the brunt，office buildings ecological trend of course has become a historical necessity, mainly reflected in the energy saving，environmental protection，use of materials and the quality of the space environment and other aspects of the improvement. Environmental protection has always been around the social construction of sustainable development and person and natural harmonious relationship problems，determines the current office building environmental protection，energy—saving development factors。
英文文献综述万能模板范文
英文文献综述万能模板范文Title: A Critical Review of [Research Area]Abstract:This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of [Research Area]. It critically analyzes key studies, identifies gaps in research, and highlights potential areas for future exploration. The review covers a wide range of topics, including [specific topics related to the research area], with a focus on their theoretical and empirical implications.Introduction:The field of [Research Area] has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its growing relevance in various industries and disciplines. [Research Area] encompasses a diverse range of topics, from [specifictopics] to [other related topics]. Despite its breadth, however, there is a paucity of literature that offers a holistic view of the field's progress and challenges. This review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing the key findings and contributions of previous studies, while also highlighting areas that require further investigation.Methodology:To ensure a comprehensive and rigorous review, we searched for relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and book chapters. We focused on articles published within the last five years, as this period represents the most recent advancements in the field. We also included articles that were highly cited or had a significant impact on the field.Key Findings and Discussion:1. [Topic 1]: [Research Area] has seen significant progress in [Topic 1], with numerous studies exploring various aspects of it. [Provide a brief overview of the keyfindings and studies in this area, discussing their theoretical and empirical contributions.]2. [Topic 2]: While [Topic 2] has received some attention, there remain several unresolved questions and challenges. [Discuss the current understanding of Topic 2, identify research gaps, and suggest potential directionsfor future research.]3. [Topic 3]: Recent studies have begun to explore the intersection of [Research Area] and [Topic 3], offering new insights and perspectives. [Describe the emerging trends and potential implications of this intersection.]Conclusion:This review article has provided a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of [Research Area], focusing on key topics such as [specific topics]. While the field has made significant progress, there are still numerous challenges and unresolved questions that require further investigation. Future research should focuson addressing these gaps, while also exploring new directions and applications of [Research Area] in various contexts.References:[List of references, including journal articles, books, and other relevant sources.]Please note that this is a template and you would need to replace the placeholders (e.g., [Research Area], [specific topics]) with relevant information specific to your research area and topic. You can also expand upon each section, adding more details and citations as needed to reach the desired word count.。
文献综述英文例文通用
文献综述英文例文通用IntroductionA literature review is an important component of academic research. It helps researchers to identify existing gaps in knowledge, evaluate the current state of research in a particular area, and generate ideas for future research. A good literature review should be comprehensive, up-to-date and well-organized. This article will provide a general guideline on how to write a literature review, including the structure, format and content.StructureA literature review should have an introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction should provide the background information on the topic, the research question, and the purpose of the review. The main body should be divided into different sections based on the themes or topics. Each section should summarize the key findings from the literature and explain how they relate to the research question. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the main findings from the review, identify the gaps in the existing literature, and suggest possible avenues for future research.FormatA literature review can be written in different formats depending on the discipline and the research topic. In general, there are two common formats: the narrative review and the systematic review. The narrative review is a descriptive summary of the literature, whereas the systematic review is a more rigorous evaluation of the literature using a predefined search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria.ContentThe content of a literature review should be focused on the research question and the themes identified in the main body. The literature reviewed should be relevant, reliable, and recent. The sources of the literature can be primary or secondary, depending on the research question and the availability of the literature. The sources can be in different forms, such as articles, books, reports, conference proceedings, and online databases.TipsHere are some tips on how to write a good literature review:- Start early: Begin the literature review as early as possible to allow sufficient time for reading, writing, and revising.- Define the research question: Clearly define the research question to guide the literature search and the selection of the literature.- Use appropriate keywords: Use appropriate keywords and search terms to identify the relevant literature.- Keep records: Keep a record of the literature searched, read and cited to avoidduplication and facilitate referencing.- Analyze and synthesize: Analyze the literature critically and synthesize the findings into a coherent and organized structure.- Avoid plagiarism: Acknowledge the sources of the literature accurately and avoid plagiarism by paraphrasing and referencing properly.- Be critical: Be critical of the literature reviewed and identify the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the research in the field.ConclusionIn summary, a literature review is an essential component of academic research, and it requires careful planning, organizing, and writing. A good literature review should provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the existing literature and identify the gaps and limitations in the research field. By following the guidelines and tips provided in this article, researchers can write a well-structured, informative and engaging literature review.。
学术英语文献综述
学术英语文献综述(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Literature ReviewTopic：Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Lightweight ConcreteIntroduction:High strength lightweight concrete is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified compressive strength of 40MPa or greater. The compressive strength is measured on 150-300mm or 100-200mm test cylinders generally at 56 or 90-days or some specified age depending upon the application .The production of high strength lightweight concrete requires more research and more attention to qualify control than conventional concrete.Body:Conventional cement and gravel preparation of raw materials, modern high-strength concrete technology goods after superplasticizer invention from the 1970s began to develop, it has overcome the past on high strength concrete goods can only be dry hard commodity production of ready-mixed concrete can not be industrialized and fundamental flaws pumping construction, with excellent performance in terms of comprehensive strength work of spices and ready-mixed concrete, volume stability and impermeability, etc., which is also known as high-performanceconcrete, and is seen development will play an important role in promoting civil building a new generation of structural materials.The application of modern high-strength concrete has a presence in various commodity areas civil engineering, building engineering, port marine engineering, underground engineering. Now the construction site, some developed countries have been able to gain strength as 80 ~ 100MPa High Strength Concrete commodity trade, commodity higher strength concrete can supply.Conclusion:The advent of modern high-strength commercial concrete construction industry is an important advance on. In the foreseeable future, it is the most promising new generation of structural materials that can be used extensively for all kinds of important structures particularly in infrastructure projects.Engineering Applications strength of up to 100MPa high-strength concrete in some developed countries where goods are relatively mature technology. Our ready-mixed concrete in the field of modern high strength has been a lot of research and had more than 10 years of engineering experience, now has popularized C50-C80 High Strength Concrete commodity basic conditions.References:1.《Preparation and properties of high-strength lightweight concrete》-Deng Hongwei - 《Harbin Institute of Technology》--20092.《Mineral admixtures on the performance of high-strength lightweight concrete》-Chen Bin-《Concrete》--20053.《Physical properties of high strength lightweight concrete》-Wu Qi-《Railway Standard Design》--2003。
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字
英语学科方面的文献综述范文3000字全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Literature Review on the English Language SubjectIntroductionEnglish language is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is the primary language of communication in many fields such as education, business, and diplomacy. Understanding the significance of the English language, it is essential to explore the various aspects of the English language subject, which would contribute to our knowledge and practices in teaching and learning English. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on the English language subject, focusing on its teaching methodologies, learning strategies, and the impact of technology in English language education.Teaching Methodologies in English Language EducationSeveral studies have examined different teaching methodologies in English language education, including the traditional grammar-translation method, communicativelanguage teaching, task-based learning, and content-based instruction. The research suggests that communicative language teaching is the most effective approach to teaching English as a second language, as it focuses on real-life communication and interaction. Task-based learning has also been proven to be beneficial in English language education, as it encourages students to work on meaningful tasks that promote communication and language development.Learning Strategies in English Language EducationResearch on learning strategies in English language education has shown that students employ various strategies to enhance their language learning process. These strategies include cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. Cognitive strategies involve the mental processes used by students to understand and remember new information, while metacognitive strategies help students monitor and regulate their own learning. Affective strategies focus on managing emotions and motivation, while social strategies involve interactions with others to improve language skills.Impact of Technology in English Language EducationWith the advancement of technology, there has been a growing interest in incorporating technology into Englishlanguage education. Research has shown that technology can enhance language learning by providing interactive and engaging learning experiences. Online resources, language learning apps, and digital tools have been used to support language learning outside the classroom and enable personalized learning experiences. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have also been explored to create immersive language learning environments that simulate real-life situations.ConclusionIn conclusion, this literature review has highlighted the importance of exploring the various aspects of the English language subject, including teaching methodologies, learning strategies, and the impact of technology in English language education. The research suggests that communicative language teaching is an effective approach to teaching English as a second language, while task-based learning promotes language development through meaningful tasks. Students also employ various learning strategies to enhance their language learning process, and technology has the potential to enhance language learning by providing interactive and engaging learning experiences. Further research is needed to explore innovativeapproaches to teaching and learning English language education to meet the diverse needs of learners in the 21st century.篇2Title: Literature Review on Research in English Language TeachingIntroductionEnglish language teaching has been a prominent field of study in the education sector for decades. As the world becomes more interconnected, the importance of English as a global language has increased significantly. This literature review aims to provide an overview of recent research in the field of English language teaching and explore the advancements and challenges facing educators and researchers in this area.MethodsTo conduct this literature review, a systematic search was performed using online databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ERIC. Keywords such as "English language teaching," "pedagogy," "technology," and "assessment" were used to narrow down the search results. Only peer-reviewed articles published in the last five years were included in this review.Findings1. Technology in English Language TeachingOne of the key themes that emerged from the literature review was the integration of technology in English language teaching. Researchers have explored the use of various technological tools such as online platforms, mobile apps, and virtual reality to enhance language learning. Studies have shown that technology can make learning more interactive and engaging for students, leading to improved outcomes in language acquisition.2. Task-Based LearningTask-based learning has gained popularity in recent years as a more student-centered approach to teaching English. Researchers have highlighted the benefits of using real-world tasks and activities to promote language learning and communication skills. Task-based learning has been shown to be effective in improving students' fluency, accuracy, and confidence in using English.3. Multilingualism and DiversityWith the increasing cultural diversity in classrooms, educators are exploring new strategies to support multilingualstudents in English language learning. Research has shown that embracing students' native languages and cultures can enhance their language acquisition and overall academic performance. Educators are encouraged to adopt a more inclusive approach and create a supportive environment for diverse learners.4. Assessment in English Language TeachingAssessment plays a crucial role in evaluating students' language proficiency and progress in English language teaching. Recent research has focused on innovative assessment methods such as performance tasks, portfolios, and self-assessment tools. These approaches aim to provide a more holistic view of students' language abilities and promote reflective learning practices.Challenges and Future DirectionsDespite the advancements in research in English language teaching, several challenges remain. One of the key challenges is the digital divide, where students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have access to technology for language learning. Educators need to address this disparity and ensure equal opportunities for all students. Additionally, the growing emphasis on standardized testing in English language teachinghas raised concerns about its impact on teaching and learning outcomes.In conclusion, this literature review has highlighted the recent advancements and challenges in English language teaching research. Educators and researchers are encouraged to continue exploring innovative approaches to enhance language learning and support the diverse needs of students. By addressing the challenges and embracing new technologies, English language teaching can evolve to meet the demands of a globalized world.篇3Literature Review on the English Language Teaching FieldIntroductionEnglish language teaching is a dynamic and constantly evolving field that has undergone significant changes in recent years due to advances in technology and changes in educational practices. This literature review aims to provide an overview of current research and trends in the field of English language teaching, focusing on key topics such as language acquisition, teaching methodologies, and the use of technology in the classroom.Language AcquisitionOne of the central concerns in the field of English language teaching is the process of language acquisition. Researchers have focused on understanding how second language learners acquire English language skills and the factors that influence language learning. Studies have shown that the age at which a learner begins studying English, as well as their motivation and exposure to the language, can impact their language proficiency.Research has also explored the role of individual differences such as cognitive abilities and learning styles in language acquisition. For example, learners who have a strong auditory memory may excel in pronunciation, while those withvisual-spatial intelligence may find it easier to understand written texts. Understanding these individual differences can help educators tailor their teaching approaches to better meet the needs of diverse learners.Teaching MethodologiesTeaching methodologies play a crucial role in English language education, as they determine how language skills are taught and practiced in the classroom. Traditional teaching methods focused on grammar rules and memorization, but recent research has emphasized the importance ofcommunicative language teaching approaches that prioritize meaningful communication and real-world language use.Task-based learning, for example, is a popular approach that involves engaging students in authentic language tasks that help them develop their language skills in context. This approach encourages learners to use English to complete real-world tasks, such as giving presentations or participating in group discussions. Research has shown that task-based learning can improve students' fluency, accuracy, and confidence in using English.The use of technology in language teaching has also transformed the way English is taught in classrooms around the world. Online resources such as language learning apps, virtual classrooms, and interactive multimedia materials have made language learning more accessible and engaging for students. Research has shown that technology-enhanced language learning can improve students' motivation, engagement, and language proficiency.ConclusionIn conclusion, the field of English language teaching is a rich and diverse area of research that continues to evolve as new technologies and teaching approaches emerge. Byunderstanding key topics such as language acquisition, teaching methodologies, and the use of technology in the classroom, educators can better meet the needs of their students and promote effective language learning. Further research and collaboration among educators, researchers, and policymakers are essential to advancing the field of English language teaching and improving language education for learners worldwide.。
理工专业通用学术英语基础篇
理工专业通用学术英语基础篇学术英语是指用于学术交流的英语语言，包括学术写作、学术讲演等。
对于理工专业的学生来说，掌握学术英语非常重要，因为它是参与国际学术界交流的桥梁。
下面是理工专业通用学术英语的基础篇：1. 科研报告 (Research Presentation)- Good morning/afternoon everyone. Today, I would like to present my research on…- The purpose of my study is to investigate/examine/analyze…- The findings/results of my research indicate/suggest/demonstrate that…- In conclusion, my research contributes to the field of… and provides insights into…2. 学术论文 (Academic Paper)- This paper aims to explore/investigate/a nalyze the impact of…- The methodology used in this study includes…- The results of the experiment/survey indicate/reveal that…- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that…- This study contributes to our understanding of…3. 文献综述 (Literature Review)- This literature review examines/evaluates/analyzes previous studies on…- The main findings of these studies indicate that…- However, some limitations/challenges exist in the current research.- Future research should focus on/address the gaps in the literature.- In conclusion, this literature review provides a comprehensive overview of…4. 研究方法 (Research Methods)- This study adopts/utilizes a quantitative/qualitative research approach.- The sample/participants in this study were selected using a random/snowball sampling method.- Data was collected through interviews/surveys/experiments.- Statistical analysis/Content analysis was applied to analyze the data.- The limitations of the research methodology should be acknowledged.5. 结果与讨论 (Results and Discussion)- The results of the study suggest that there is a positive/negative correlation between A and B.- The findings support the hypothesis/theory that was proposed.- These results are consistent with previous studies/research in the field.- The implications of these findings for theory/practice are discussed.- Future research should focus on further validating/exploring the results.以上是理工专业通用学术英语基础篇的一些常用表达和句型，可以帮助学生在学术交流和学术写作中更加准确和流利地表达自己的观点和研究成果。
理工科学术英语摘要(完整版)
Text1 How do computer hackers “get inside”a computerAbstract：Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updatinganti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.摘要：计算机漏洞经常被黑客破解使用。
文献综述英文作文
文献综述英文作文Title: A Comprehensive Review of Literature on [Topic]Introduction。
In recent years, [Topic] has garnered significant attention in academic circles due to its profound implications in various fields. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing research, focusing on key themes, methodologies, and findings related to [Topic].Historical Perspective。
To understand the evolution of research on [Topic], it is essential to delve into its historical context. Early studies by [Pioneering Researcher] laid the foundation for subsequent investigations by highlighting the fundamental principles of [Topic]. Over the years, scholars have built upon this groundwork, exploring diverse facets of [Topic]through interdisciplinary lenses.Key Themes。
The literature on [Topic] encompasses a wide array of themes, reflecting its interdisciplinary nature. One prominent theme revolves around [Theme 1], which explores the mechanisms underlying [Aspect of Topic]. Researchers have employed various methodologies, such as [Methodology 1], [Methodology 2], and [Methodology 3], to investigate [Theme 1] from different perspectives. Moreover, studies have elucidated the implications of [Theme 1] in real-world contexts, ranging from [Application 1] to [Application 2].Another significant theme pertains to [Theme 2], which examines the impact of [Factor] on [Aspect of Topic]. Scholars have conducted empirical studies to assess the relationship between [Factor] and [Aspect of Topic], employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings suggest that [Factor] plays a crucial role in shaping [Aspect of Topic], with implications for [Field or Industry].Methodological Approaches。
文献综述英文版
文献综述英文版The process of conducting a literature review is a crucial step in academic research, as it enables researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic. A well-executed literature review serves several important functions, including identifying gaps in the current research, highlighting areas that require further investigation, and providing a strong foundation for the development of new research questions and hypotheses.One of the primary goals of a literature review is to provide a critical analysis of the relevant literature, synthesizing the key findings, theories, and methodologies that have been employed in previous studies. This involves carefully examining and evaluating the quality, reliability, and validity of the existing research, as well as identifying any biases or limitations that may be present. By doing so, the researcher can gain a deeper understanding of the current state of the field and identify areas where further research is needed.In the process of conducting a literature review, the researchershould strive to be as comprehensive and objective as possible, considering a wide range of sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference proceedings, and other relevant materials. It is important to use a systematic and rigorous approach to searching for and selecting the relevant literature, employing appropriate search strategies and inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure that the review is representative and unbiased.One of the key challenges in conducting a literature review is the sheer volume of information that is available on most research topics. With the rapid growth of academic publishing, researchers are often faced with the daunting task of sifting through a vast array of potentially relevant sources. To address this challenge, it is important to develop effective strategies for organizing and managing the literature, such as using bibliographic management software, creating detailed search logs, and organizing the literature into thematic or conceptual categories.Another important aspect of a literature review is the synthesis and integration of the existing research. This involves identifying the key themes, theories, and methodologies that emerge from the literature, and then weaving these elements together into a cohesive and coherent narrative. This process requires the researcher to move beyond simply summarizing the existing research to identifying the underlying connections and relationships between the variousstudies.In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, a well-executed literature review can also serve as a foundation for the development of new research questions and hypotheses. By identifying gaps or inconsistencies in the existing research, the researcher can identify areas that merit further investigation and develop new research projects that have the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field.One of the key challenges in writing a literature review is striking the right balance between breadth and depth. On the one hand, the review should be comprehensive, covering a wide range of relevant sources and perspectives. On the other hand, the review should also be focused and cohesive, with a clear organizational structure and a well-developed argument. Achieving this balance requires the researcher to carefully select and synthesize the most relevant and meaningful information, while also maintaining a clear and concise writing style.In conclusion, the literature review is a critical component of academic research, serving to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic, identify gaps and areas for further investigation, and lay the groundwork for the development of new research questions and hypotheses. Byemploying a systematic and rigorous approach to the literature review process, researchers can enhance the quality and impact of their work, and make a meaningful contribution to the advancement of knowledge in their field.。
关于科技的英文文献综述范文
关于科技的英文文献综述范文Here is a 1000-word essay on the topic of "A Literature Review on Technology":Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we live, work, and communicate. From the invention of the printing press to the development of artificial intelligence, the influence of technology on human civilization is undeniable. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of technology and its impact on society.One of the most significant advancements in technology is the rapid development of digital technologies. The internet has revolutionized the way we access information, communicate with others, and conduct business. The rise of social media platforms has transformed the way we interact with our friends, family, and the world around us. Similarly, the growing popularity of e-commerce has changed the way we shop, with online retailers offering a vast array of products and services at our fingertips.Another important aspect of technology is the field of automationand robotics. Automated systems are now being used in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing to healthcare, to improve efficiency and reduce human error. The development of sophisticated robots has also led to significant advancements in fields such as exploration, disaster relief, and medical procedures. However, the increasing reliance on automation has also raised concerns about job displacement and the impact on the workforce.The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is perhaps one of the most significant technological advancements of our time. AI systems are capable of performing tasks traditionally reserved for humans, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and language processing. The potential applications of AI are vast, ranging from personalized recommendations on e-commerce platforms to the development of self-driving cars. At the same time, the ethical implications of AI, such as the potential for bias and the impact on privacy, are the subject of ongoing debates and research.Another area of technology that has seen significant advancements is the field of renewable energy. As the world grapples with the challenge of climate change, the development of sustainable energy sources has become a pressing concern. Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are just a few examples of the renewable energy technologies that are being explored and implemented on a global scale. These technologies not only help to reduce our carbonfootprint but also have the potential to provide affordable and accessible energy to communities around the world.The impact of technology on healthcare is another area that deserves attention. Advancements in medical technology, such as diagnostic imaging, telemedicine, and personalized medicine, have revolutionized the way we approach healthcare. These technologies have the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and increase access to quality care, particularly in remote or underserved areas.However, the rapid pace of technological change has also raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of technology on our lives. The increased reliance on digital devices and the constant connectivity of the internet can lead to issues such as screen addiction, sleep deprivation, and social isolation. Additionally, the collection and use of personal data by tech companies and governments have raised concerns about privacy and data security.In conclusion, this literature review has explored the various aspects of technology and its impact on society. From the transformative power of digital technologies to the advancements in renewable energy and healthcare, the role of technology in shaping our world is undeniable. However, as we continue to embrace technological progress, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical andsocietal implications of these advancements. By doing so, we can ensure that technology is used to enhance and improve the lives of people around the world, rather than contributing to societal problems.。
学术英语理工综述范文
学术英语理工综述范文English:In recent years, academic research in the field of science and technology has been increasingly focused on the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and the application of advanced technologies. This trend has led to the emergence of a new genre of academic writing known as the engineering and technology literature review. This type of literature review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of existing research and developments in a specific area of engineering or technology. To achieve this, authors typically draw on a wide range of sources, including academic journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. By synthesizing and evaluating these sources, authors are able to identify key trends, gaps, and challenges in the field, and propose new directions for future research. Furthermore, the use of advanced technologies such as data mining and machine learning has enabled researchers to conduct more comprehensive and systematic literature reviews, leading to a deeper understanding of complex engineering and technological issues. Overall, the academic English used in engineering and technology literature reviews plays acrucial role in disseminating valuable knowledge and insights to a global audience of researchers and practitioners.Translated content:近年来，科技领域的学术研究越来越关注跨学科知识的整合和先进技术的应用。
英语文献综述的范文
Title: English Literature Review: AComprehensive PerspectiveIn the realm of academic research, the literature review serves as a critical component, particularly in the field of English literature. This paper aims to provide an extensive overview of the significant developments and trends within the discipline, drawing upon a diverse range of sources and perspectives.Firstly, it is essential to recognize the evolving nature of English literature, which has been shaped by various historical, cultural, and societal influences. The early works of Shakespeare, for instance, have been extensively analyzed for their thematic depth andlinguistic intricacies. Modern scholars continue to delve into these classics, offering fresh interpretations that resonate with contemporary audiences.Moreover, the emergence of new literary genres and movements has significantly broadened the scope of English literature. Postmodernism, for example, has challenged traditional narrative structures and perspectives, introducing elements of ambiguity and fragmentation. Thistrend has been explored in numerous studies, highlighting the diverse ways in which authors have responded to and shaped the postmodern era.Furthermore, the intersection of English literature with other disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology, has opened up new avenues for research. The exploration of character psychology in literary texts, or the analysis of societal norms and values reflected in literature, are just a few examples of thisinterdisciplinary approach.In terms of methodologies, the literature review has also undergone significant transformations. With the advent of digital technologies and online databases, scholars now have access to vast repositories of information, enabling them to conduct more comprehensive and rigorous reviews. However, the challenge lies in effectively synthesizing and evaluating this vast amount of data.One notable trend in recent years has been the increasing focus on global perspectives in English literature. With the growth of international literary movements and the rise of multiculturalism, scholars arenow more inclined to explore the global dimensions of literary works. This approach not only broadens our understanding of English literature but also promotes cross-cultural understanding and exchange.Moreover, the impact of gender and race on English literature has also been a topic of increasing interest. The examination of how gender roles and racial identities are represented and constructed in literary texts has provided valuable insights into the complex intersections of identity, power, and representation.In conclusion, the literature review in English literature is a dynamic and evolving field that continues to shape our understanding of the discipline. By exploring diverse themes, genres, and methodologies, scholars are able to delve deeper into the rich tapestry of English literature, revealing new meanings and perspectives that resonate with our contemporary world.**英语文献综述：全面视角**在学术研究领域，文献综述是一个至关重要的组成部分，尤其在英语文学领域更是如此。
英语专业文献综述Outline（5篇）
英语专业文献综述Outline（5篇）第一篇：英语专业文献综述OutlineOutline 1 Introduction 2 Literature overreview2.1 Peer review2.2 incidental vocabulary acquisition2.3 Peer evaluation and the teacher3 Design of the study4 Results4.1 Students as evaluatees4.2 Students as evaluators5 Discussion6 Conclusion第二篇：英语专业实习报告 intership report outlineOutline for Internship Report1.First PageFirst page should display: Student name and surname, internship start and finish dates, number of internship days, type of internship(production, or design and development), company/institution name.This page should be signed and stamped by the supervisor of the intern student.2.Weekly timetableA weekly timetable where each row in the table corresponding to a day in internship period.Each row should record the date, internship activity on that date.Weekly Schedule should explain the work accomplished each day of the week during the internship period and should contain:•••The department of the organization that the week was and signature of the controlling supervisor for each week The official stamp of the organization.3.A Brief Executive Summary of the InternshipA one page summary of the company/institution and a short account of the major activities carried out during the internship period.4.Table of ContentsContents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures.5.Description of the company/institution This section should answer the following questions:5.1.What is the full title of the company/institution? Give a brief history of the company, fullmailing address and relevant web links.5.2.What is the type of ownership of the company/institution? State the main shareholders andtheir shares.5.3.What is the sector that the company/institution operates in? Specify the products and servicesproduced and offered to its customers.5.4.Who are regarded as the customers of your internship company/institution(consider the endusers, retailers, other manufacturers, employees, etc.)?5.5.Provide an organization chart of the company, along with information on the number ofemployees.5.6.Provide a list of functions performed by the mechanical engineers in the internshiporganization.6.Internship activitiesThis is the main body of your report.You should present the activities performed during the internship period.Please refer to “” document for the types of analysis and inquiries that you should be perfo rming during “Production”, and “Design and Development” internship.7.An assessment of the internship In this section you should answer the following questions7.1.What skills and qualifications you think that you havegained from the internship?7.2.What kind of responsibilities you have undertaken during the internship period?7.3.How do you think the internship will influence your future career plans?7.4.How do you think the internship activities that you carried out are correlated with yourclassroom knowledge?8.Conclusions of the reportThis section should include:• A summary of key conclusions derived from the internship experience.• General observations about the sector in which your internship company/institution operates9.Appendices and supplementary material(charts, graphs, pictures, computer codes, etc.)10.ReferencesRules for writing the internship report:••••••You do not have to provide a day-to-day diary of the internship activities.Do not write theoretical excerpts from textbooks!Describe what you exactly did there and what experiences you have gained throughout your training.The internship report should be between 15-20 pages and written to “Training Program Diary” which can be provided from the university bookstore.The internship report should be written in handwriting, and each page should contain about 25 lines.The internship report should be original, no photocopies areaccepted.You can include graphs, pictures, data, drawings, or design calculations in your report;however they should not cover more than 1/3 of the rger graphs, pictures, data, drawings, or design calculations should be given as an Appendix.第三篇：Outline 4Social Movements of the 1960sI.Background---Greensboro Sit-in(格林斯博罗静坐)On February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina(北卡罗莱纳州), sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee.When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state.The next day, more students joined them.Thus began the civil rights movement(黑人民权运动), which spread from the south to the ter, this quiet “sit-in” became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists.*The civil rights movement, and the youth anti-war, and the women’s liberation movements had long roots in United States history.（黑人民权运动、青年反战运动以及后来的妇女解放运动都深深地植根于美国历史之中）II.Definition---One professor argues that “a social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempt to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life.”---Two basic characteristics of all social movements: “structure”(有组织)and “spontaneity”（自发性）---Other necessary parts of a social movement are:1.a social base of people 人这一社会基础2.a “message” or ideology 思想体系3.the ability to spread the message and get more supporter 传播思想和得到更多支持者的能力III.The Civil Rights Movement---One of the most important of all social movement in the 1960s U.S.history.Rosa Park’s(罗莎•帕克斯)spontaneous action(自发行为)in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement.The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off(触发，激起)the nationwide civil rights movement.During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC(the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee学生非暴力统一行动委员会), CORE(the Congress of Racial Equality争取种族平等大会), and SCLC(the Southern Christian Leadership Conference南部基督教领导联合会)struggled for racial integration by providing leadership, tactics, network and the people.In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self image of the blacks.The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in the U.S.---Montgomery Bus Boycott蒙哥马利抵制公交车隔离政策运动In December 1995, Rosa Parks, a NAACP（National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(美国)全国有色人种协进会）member in Montgomery Alabama, refused to give up herseat to a white man on a public bus.Alabama law required that blacks sit at the back of the bus, and when asked, surrender their seats to whites.Mrs.Parks was arrested.Local black leadersdecided to boycott the city’s bus system.Black people in th e city spontaneously began to boycott the bus system refusing to ride on public buses.In the year long Montgomery bus boycott, blacks young and old, walked to work.With the bus company near bankruptcy, and the aid of a 1956 Supreme Court decision, Montgomery blacks triumphed.In fact, the boycott was believed to be the true.---Direct Action Tactics直接行动策略When the civil rights movement began, non-violent direct action tactics like “sit-ins” and “freedom rides”(自由乘车运动), voter registration(投票者登记).Later, anti-war activists added “teach-ins” on college campuses,（(大学师生举行的）时事宣讲会，讨论会，辩论会)to educate people about the war in Vietnam as well as protest marches and rallies and etc.---Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr., an Atlanta-born Baptist minister(浸礼会牧师), was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, incl uding the March on Washington of August, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I have a Dream” speech.As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination（种族歧视）0and poverty, but also to raise the self image of the blacks.Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis(孟斐斯)in April 1968.---Contrary to King’s nonviolent tactics, Malcom X(马尔科姆•艾克斯)spoke in favour of black separatism(分离主义)and against nonviolence in fighting racial discrimination.---Some of SNCC(学生非暴力统一行动委员会)members thought they needed a strong leader rather than collective leadership.In 1965, theyelected a new chairman, Stokeley Carmichael(斯托克利•卡迈克尔)who spoke about Black Power.*The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan三K党*Those who worked in the civil rights movement included Negro leaders, black and white young people, and some professionals and some housewives.IV.The Youth Movement *Many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960 because they resented traditional white male values in U.S.society.---Free Speech MovementMario Savio(马里奥•萨维奥), a student who had just returned from working with SNCC in the Mississippi Freedom Summer, took off his shoes and stood on top of the police car.He demandedthat the CORE worker be freed and the rules against free speech be changed.The students sat around the car for 32 hours in spontaneous, nonviolent, direct action.Other students “sat-in” at the administration buildings and organized “Free University” classes.The California governor called hundreds of police to the campus.800 students were arrested.Graduate students organized a strike and closed the university.The teachers and professors voted to change the rule that violate the 1st and 14th Amendments.The young people’s “Free Speech Movement” began with success.---“counter culture”(反主流文化)In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counter culture”.The Counter Culture rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.Among the most famous were the hippies(嬉皮士).They sought new experience through dropping out, drugs.But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on traditional American society.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social mores, marriage, career, and success.---The Anti-War Movement(against the war in Vietnam) V.Women’s Liberation MovementThe women’s movement in the 1960s was started by three groups of women and an accident.---1.a group of professional women who were appointed to a Commission on the Status of Women(妇女地位委员会)by President Kennedy in 1961.---2.white housewives and mothers who read Betty Friedan’s(贝蒂•弗里丹)book, The Feminine Mystique《女性之迷》, published in 1963.---3.young activists(激进主义分子, 行动主义分子)in the civil rights and anti-war movements.NOW((美国)全国妇女组织) ---With the publication of The Feminine Mystique in 1963, Betty Friedan became the chief spokesperson of the Women’s Liberation Movement.In her book, she compared the American family, or the American society as a whole, to a “comfortable concentration camp”, where women were discriminated against and oppressed.In 1966, she helped to found the National Organization for Women(NOW).A reform organization, NOW battle d for “equal rights in partnership with men.”Canada: The Country and its PeopleI.A brief introduction of Canada(the geography, population, culture, economy, languages etc.)1)the 2nd largest country in size with a small population,2)has spectacular scenery of mountains, oceans, forests and prairies3)has a lively and rich culture4)one of the Big Seven(US, UK.Germany, France, Japan, Italy and Canada)in economy;has the best standards of living5)most Canadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallels(纬度)6)two official languages: English and French7)first become a political entity(政治实体)in 1867 and did not assume its present shape until 1949(直到1949年才具有目前的规模)(National Day: July 1st)II.The Canadian identity---It refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special.For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.III.The regions of Canada---Motto: Canada stretches “from sea to sea” with the Pacific Ocean along the west coast and the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast---share with the U.S.the longest undefended national border in the world(加拿大和美国共享着世界上最长的不设防国界), a symbol of their good relations---consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories1.The north region of Canada---Canada extends up north into the Arctic Circle(北极圈)to the North pole.The north is a scarcely populated area of ice and oceans，which is sometimes called “the Land of the M idnight Sun”（午夜太阳之地）.This region is currently divided into three administrative territories—the Yukon(育空地区), the Northwest Territories and Nunavat（努勒维特地区a territory carved from eastern part of the original Northwest Territories in 1999）.And most of the inhabitants are Aboriginal people.The traditionaleconomy in this region was based on hunting and trapping animals for food and pelts, but now oil and gas deposits are also being developed.2.the west（西部1省）---the western-most province is British Columbia(布列颠哥伦比亚省)with 3 major mountain ranges running through it, among which the largest in ke Louise(路易斯湖), located in the Rockies, is the most famous image of the Canadian landscape （加拿大风景最突出的代表）.BC is Canada’s 2nd largest producer of hydroelectric power.However, its main economic mainstay(支柱)is its forests.It has the most valuable forestry industry.3.The Prairies(草原3省)---The prairie provinces of Alberta(阿尔伯塔省), Saskatchewan(萨斯喀彻温省)and Manitoba(马尼托巴省）lie east of the Rockies(落基山脉).The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continental climate.They are called the breadbasket(胃, 腹）of Canada because the land is well-suited to farming, and wheat is one of the biggest agricultural crops in this area.The prairies are also rich in energy resources.4.Central Canada(2省)---Central Canada, Ontario(安大略省)and Quebec（魁北克省）, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provinces.They have the largest cities like Tor onto in Ontario, and the country’s 2nd largest city Montreal(蒙特利尔)in Quebec.The capital of the country Ottawa is also in Ontario.5.The Maritimes（滨海诸省：4个省）(the Atlantic regions)---The Atlantic provinces of New Brunswick(新不伦瑞克省), Nova Scotia（新斯科省the first part of Canada to be settled in 1604）, Prince Edward Island（爱德华太子岛省）andNewfoundland（纽芬兰省the last province to join Canada in 1949）are also known as the Maritimes.They are small in population and largely rely on the fishing industry for their economic wealth.They are rich in farming and forestry products and are quite popular tourist attractions.IV.The history1.the First Nations(the Aboriginal people)---the native Indians with rich cultures and highly developed societies.2.European settlement in Canada---Settlement by European began in the 17th century.French colonists first settled Canada.The earliest major settlements were established in Nova Scotia in 1604 and Quebec in 1608.During earlier settlements, the French set the Company of New France and Britai n founded the Hudson’s Bay Company to facilitate trade.3.In 1867 Canada was born when Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia all join together into a confederation.The Government and Politics of CanadaI.Canada’s political system1.Canada’s politic al system was greatly influenced by the two major foreign forces: Britain and America.2.American ideas influenced the Canadian system to some degree.For example, freedom of speech and freedom of information are much valued in contemporary Canada.So, Canadian society appears to be similar to American society, but they are different.While the US was founded on the idea of individualism---Americans aspire to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”---Canadians chose to found a nation based on “peace, order and good government”.In other words, for Canadians, the well-being and liberty of individuals must sometimes be sacrificed for the greater good of the community.3.Canadian society allows a highdegree of tolerance of different values and customs.4.To find a workable balance between community and individual rights has been the central concern of Canadian policy-makers.5.It attempts to reconcile the two communities of English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Canada.II.Canada’s system of government1.based on the British system of parliamentary democracy, referred to as “Westminster-style” democracy英格兰东南部大伦敦的一个市区，位于泰晤士河岸。
文献综述写法英文版
Finding, formulating and exploring your topic.Different topic creationsMany students have in mind something that they want to work on; others want to work with a particular scholar or research centre. In the first case, students search for a compatible supervisor. In the second, for a topic. Regardless of these preliminary circumstances, the topic is very likely only roughly formulated at this stage. This is usually enough to have your enrolment accepted. Reading the literatureOnce you have a general idea, you could start by talking to your supervisor and other scholars. But, most importantly, you have to think why you would like to work on it, or why anyone would want to do so. Ask yourself, "Why is it important? What is interesting about this? Suppose I solve it, or find it, or pull it all together, what use is it? What is its significance?" Then, with some questions such as these in mind, go and read more about it to see what is there and find out what aspects of it have been exhausted, what neglected, what the main ideas, issues and controversies are in the area. It is regarded as your supervisor's role to direct you to the most fruitful starting point in reading and surveying the literature.Cycle of literature reviewAll of this is not a once only activity, but is a cycle you go through again and again. So you read, think, and discuss it with your supervisor and then, as a result, come closer to the formulation of the topic. And then with each cycle of reading, thinking and discussing your topic becomes more specific and focused.This is not the final formulation and the last time you will focus your topic. But you could probably let go of this round of general exploration and embark on the next stage. Your supervisor by this time should have enough of an idea of your topic to judge whether or not what you propose to do is feasible within the time available and has the potential to meet the required standards for a PhD. To see the full potential of your topic or, to the contrary, see that it is not going to deliver what you wanted, you do need to begin doing your research. This, of course, is why pilot studies are often undertaken.Making sense of the literatureWe do truly wish we could tell you about a reliable or simple way to make sense of the literature. We can say, however, that you need to attend to things attwo levels:∙One is establishing a system that will allow you to organise the hard copies of the articles etc., and develop a data base for references, soyou have easy access under relevant categories and don't chase the samereferences repeatedly.∙The other is the more demanding task of understanding and using the literature for your purposes.Without attending to the first task, you could easily become inefficient and frustrated. However, although it is necessary to have some way of keeping track, don't spend all your energies on perfecting your system. It may be a good idea to attend a course for researchers on handling information. Check whether your university's library or computer centre offers such a course.The other task ahead of you - of understanding, reviewing and using theliterature for your purposes - goes to the heart of your thesis. We considerthis in three stages.Making sense of the literature - first passWhen you first come to an area of research, you are filling in the backgroundin a general way, getting a feel for the whole area, an idea of its scope,starting to appreciate the controversies, to see the high points, and to become more familiar with the major players. You need a starting point. This may come out of previous work you've done. If you're new to the area, your supervisor could suggest fruitful starting points. Or you could pursue some recent review articles to begin.Too much to handleAt this stage there seems to be masses of literature relevant to your research. Or you may worry that there seems to be hardly anything. As you read, think about and discuss articles and isolate the issues you're more interested in. In this way, you focus your topic more and more. The more you can close in on what your research question actually is, the more you will be able to have a basisfor selecting the relevant areas of the literature. This is the only way to bring it down to a manageable size.Very little thereIf initially you can't seem to find much at all on your research area - and you are sure that you've exploited all avenues for searching that the library can present you with - then there are a few possibilities:∙You could be right at the cutting edge of something new and it's not surprising there's little around.∙You could be limiting yourself to too narrow an area and not appreciating that relevant material could be just around the corner in a closely related field.∙Unfortunately there's another possibility and this is that there's nothing in the literature because it is not a worthwhile area ofresearch. In this case, you need to look closely with your supervisor at what it is you plan to do.Quality of the LiteratureThis begins your first step in making sense of the literature. You are not necessarily closely evaluating it now; you are mostly learning through it. But, sometimes at this stage students do ask us how they can judge the quality ofthe literature they're reading, as they're not experts.You learn to judge, evaluate, and look critically at the literature by judging, evaluating and looking critically at it. That is, you learn to do so by practising. There is no quick recipe for doing this but there are somequestions you could find useful and, with practice, you will develop many others:∙Is the problem clearly spelled out?∙Are the results presented new?∙Was the research influential in that others picked up the threads and pursued them?∙How large a sample was used?∙How convincing is the argument made?∙How were the results analysed?∙What perspective are they coming from?∙Are the generalisations justified by the evidence on which they are made?∙What is the significance of this research?∙What are the assumptions behind the research?∙Is the methodology well justified as the most appropriate to study the problem?∙Is the theoretical basis transparent?In critically evaluating, you are looking for the strengths of certain studies and the significance and contributions made by researchers. You are also looking for limitations, flaws and weaknesses of particular studies, or of whole lines of enquiry.Indeed, if you take this critical approach to looking at previous research in your field, your final literature review will not be a compilation of summaries but an evaluation. It will then reflect your capacity for critical analysis.Making sense of the literature - second passYou continue the process of making sense of the literature by gaining more expertise which allows you to become more confident, and by being much more focused on your specific research.You're still reading and perhaps needing to re-read some of the literature.You're thinking about it as you are doing your experiments, conducting your studies, analysing texts or other data. You are able to talk about it easily and discuss it. In other words, it's becoming part of you.At a deeper level than before,∙you are now not only looking at findings but are looking at how others have arrived at their findings;∙you're looking at what assumptions are leading to the way something is investigated;∙you're looking for genuine differences in theories as opposed to semantic differences;∙you also are gaining an understanding of why the field developed in the way it did;∙you have a sense for where it might be going.First of all you probably thought something like, "I just have to get a handle on this". But now you see that this 'handle' which you discovered for yourself turns out to be the key to what is important. You are very likely getting to this level of understanding by taking things to pieces and putting them back together.For example, you may need to set up alongside one another four or five different definitions of the same concept, versions of the same theory, or different theories proposed to account for the same phenomenon. You may need to unpack them thoroughly, even at the very basic level of what is the implied understanding of key words (for example 'concept', 'model', 'principles' etc.), before you can confidently compare them, which you need to do before synthesis is possible.Or, for example, you may be trying to sort through specific discoveries which have been variously and concurrently described by different researchers in different countries. You need to ask questions such as whether they are the same discoveries being given different names or, if they are not the same,whether they are related. In other words, you may need to embark on very detailed analyses of parts of the literature while maintaining the general picture.Making sense of the literature - final passYou make sense of the literature finally when you are looking back to place your own research within the field. At the final pass, you really see how your research has grown out of previous work. So now you may be able to identify points or issues that lead directly to your research. You may see points whose significance didn't strike you at first but which now you can highlight. Or you may realise that some aspect of your research has incidentally provided evidence to lend weight to one view of a controversy. Having finished your own research, you are now much better equipped to evaluate previous research in your field.From this point when you have finished your own research and you look back and fill in the picture, it is not only that you understand the literature and can handle it better, but you could also see how it motivates your own research. When you conceptualise the literature in this way, it becomes an integral part of your research.Writing the literature reviewWhat we are talking about here is the writing of the review. We assume that you have made sense of the literature, and that you know the role of the literature and its place in your thesis. Below are links to other sections covering these aspects.You will doubtless write your literature review several times. Since each version will serve a different purpose, you should not think you are writing the same thing over and over and getting nowhere. Where you may strike trouble is if you just try to take whole sections out of an earlier version and paste them into the final version which, by now, has to be differently conceived.In practical terms, it is necessary to have an overall picture of how the thread runs through your analysis of the literature before you can get down to actually writing a particular section. The strategy which writers use as a way to begin the literature review is to proceed from the general, wider view of the research you are reviewing to the specific problem. This is not a formula but is a common pattern and may be worth trying.Let's look at an example taken from the first pages of a literature review. This shows us the progression from general to specific and the beginning of that thread which then continues through the text leading to the aims.[This is basically an introductory section, which starts with astatement of the problem in very broad terms, alerting us to the factthat not everything is rosy, and proceeds to sketch in specific aspects.][The text moves on to specify issues at various levels. Although the[Thus the text has set up the situation where all aspects of theproblem--theoretical, practical, etc.--are brought together.]Whatever the pattern which fits your work best, you need to keep in mind that what you are doing is writing about what was done before. But, you are not simply reporting on previous research. You have to write about it in terms of how well it was done and what it achieved. This has to be organised and presented in such a way that it inevitably leads to what you want to do and shows it is worth doing. You are setting up the stage for your work.demonstrates neither your understanding of the literature nor your ability to evaluate other people's work.Maybe at an earlier stage, or in your first version of your literature review, you needed a summary of who did what. But in your final version, you have to show that you've thought about it, can synthesise the work and can succinctly pass judgement on the relative merits of research conducted in your field. So,Approaching it in this way forces you to make judgements and, furthermore, to distinguish your thoughts from assessments made by others. It is this whole process of revealing limitations or recognising the possibility of taking research further which allows you to formulate and justify your aims.Keep your research focusedIt is always important to keep your research focused, but this is especially so at two points. First when you have settled into the topic and the time forwider exploration has to end. And then again at a later stage when you may have gathered lots of data and are starting to wonder how you are going to deal with it all.Focus after literature reviewFirst, it is a common temptation to prolong the exploration phase by finding more and more interesting things and straying away from what was once regarded as the possible focus. Either you or your supervisor could be guilty of this.In some cases, it might be you who is putting off having to make a commitmentto one line of enquiry because exploration and realising possibilities is enjoyable and you're always learning more. In other cases, it could be your supervisor who, at every meeting, becomes enthusiastic about otherpossibilities and keeps on suggesting alternatives. You might not be sure ifthis is just sharing excitement with you or if you are supposed to follow them all up.Either way you need to stop the proliferation of lines of enquiry, sift through what you have, settle on one area, and keep that focus before you. It could even be a good idea to write it up on a poster in front of your desk. Unlessyou have this really specified in the first place, with the major question and its sub-questions, and you know exactly what you have to find out to answer these, you will never be focused and everything you find will seem to be 'sort of' relevant.You have to close off some lines of enquiry and you can do so only once you decide they are not relevant to your question. We continually meet students who, when we ask, "So what is the question you're researching?", will answer, "My topic is such and such and I'm going to look at x, y and z". Sometimes further probing from us will reveal that they do indeed have a focus, but many timesthis is not so. Thinking in terms of your topic is too broad. You need to think,Focus after data collectionThen, at a later stage, you could find yourself surrounded by lots of datawhich you know are somewhat relevant to your project, but finding the ways of showing this relevance and using the data to answer your question could be a difficult task. Now you have to re-find your focus to bring it all together.Again, it is your research question and sub-questions which will help youto do this because your whole thesis is basically the answer to these questions, that is, the solution to the problem you presented at the beginning. This may strike you as a very simplistic way to view it. However, approaching it in this way does help to bring the parts together as a whole and get the whole to work. We even recommend that, to relate the parts to each other and keep yourself focussed , you could tell yourself the story of the thesis.Making a deliberate attempt to keep focused will help you to shape your research and keep you motivated.Apparently I have to write a research proposal. What do I need to do? The main purpose of a research proposal is to show that the problem you propose to investigate is significant enough to warrant the investigation, the method you plan to use is suitable and feasible, and the results are likely to prove fruitful and will make an original contribution. In short, what you are answering is 'will it work?'The level of sophistication or amount of detail included in your proposal will depend on the stage you are at with your PhD and the requirements of your department and University.∙In initial stages, the document you need to write will probably be three to five pages long. It will give a general idea of what you areproposing to do but it isn't a binding contract. Often it serves as astarting point for discussions with your supervisor to firm up the topic, methodology and mechanics of your research.∙Some of you will be required to write a proposal at the time of confirming your candidature (usually at the end of the first year). Insome instances, this is a document of four to five pages and may beviewed as a mere formality. In other cases a much more substantialdocument of 30 - 40 pages is expected. Therefore it is essential for you to check the requirements with your department.Regardless of the above distinctions you should never see writing a proposal as a worthless chore. Indeed, if it isn't formally required, it is a very good idea to write one anyway. You can use it to your advantage. It always forces you to think about your topic, to see the scope of your research, and to review the suitability of your methodology. Having something in writing also gives an opportunity to your supervisor to judge the feasibility of the project (whether it is possible to finish in time, costs, the equipment needed and other practicalities, time needed for supervision), to assess its likelihood of success, and its ability to meet the academic standard required of a PhD thesis.While there are no hard and fast rules governing the structure of a proposal, a typical one would include: aims and objectives, significance, review of previous research in the area showing the need for conducting the proposed research, proposed methods, expected outcomes and their importance. In experimentally based research it often includes detailed requirements for equipment, materials, field trips, technical assistance and an estimation of the costs. It could also include an approximate time by which each stage is to be completed.write a abstract. Indeed, the final version of the abstract will need to be written after you have finished reading your thesis for the last time.However, if you think about what it has to contain, you realise that the abstract is really a mini thesis. Both have to answer the following specific questions:Therefore, an abstract written at different stages of your work will help you to carry a short version of your thesis in your head. This will focus your thinking on what it is you are really doing , help you to see the relevance of what you are currently working on within the bigger picture, and help to keep the links which will eventually unify your thesis.ProcessThe actual process of writing an abstract will force you to justify and clearly state your aims, to show how your methodology fits the aims, to highlight the major findings and to determine the significance of what you have done. The beauty of it is that you can talk about this in very short paragraphs and seeif the whole works. But when you do all of these things in separate chapters you can easily lose the thread or not make it explicit enough.If you have trouble writing an abstract at these different stages, then this could show that the parts with which you are having a problem are not well conceptualised yet.We often hear that writing an abstract can't be done until the results are known and analysed. But the point we are stressing is that it is a working tool that will help to get you there.Before you know what you've found, you have to have some expectation of what you are going to find as this expectation is part of what is leading you to investigate the problem. In writing your abstract at different stages, any part you haven't done you could word as a prediction. For example, at one stage you could write, "The analysis is expected to show that …". Then, at the next stage, you would be able to write "The analysis showed that …." or "Contrary to expectation, the analysis showed that …..".The final, finished abstract has to be as good as you can make it. It is the first thing your reader will turn to and therefore controls what the first impression of your work will be. The abstract has∙to be short-no more than about 700 words;∙to say what was done and why, how it was done, the major things that were found, and what is the significance of the findings (rememberingthat the thesis could have contributed to methodology and theory aswell).In short, the abstract has to be able to stand alone and be understood separately from the thesis itself.Is there a particular thesis structure I have to follow? There are certain conventions specific to certain disciplines. However, these structures are not imposed on a piece of work. There are logical reasons why there is a conventional way of structuring the thesis, which is after all the account of what you've achieved through your research. Research is of course not conducted in the step-by-step way this structure suggests, but it gives the reader the most accessible way of seeing why this research was done, how it was done and, most importantly, what has been achieved. If you put side by side all the questions you had to answer to finish your research and what is often proposed as a typical structure of a thesis, then you see the logic of the arrangement. That does not mean, however, that you have to name your chaptersin this way. In some disciplines, it very often is like this; in others, this structure is implied. For example, in many science theses, the following basically is the structure; in many humanities theses, the final structure looks very different, although all of these questions are answered one way or another.Occasionally a thesis is written which does not in any way comply with this structure. Generally the reasons you want to have a recognised, transparent structure are that, to some extent, it is expected and the conventional structure allows readers ready access to the information. If, however, you wantto publish a book based on the thesis, it is likely the structure would need to be altered for the different genre and audience.。
理工学术英语
理工学术英语IntroductionIn recent years, the field of engineering, technology, science, and mathematics have become increasingly popular and have undergone significant development. These fields have revolutionized our way of thinking and have helped us to solve complex problems that were once thought to be impossible. As a result, science and technology have become an essential aspect of our daily lives and are continuously evolving. This paper aims to examine the role of science and technology in solving complex issues, especially on the topic of renewable energy.Renewable Energy SourcesOne of the pressing issues that the world is facing today is the energy crisis. We are heavily reliant on fossil fuels like coal and oil, which pose a significant risk to the environment and pose a significant threat to human health. Renewable energy, however, provides an alternative solution as it is clean and sustainable. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy are becoming increasingly popular and are gaining recognition for their ability to provide clean and sustainable energy. The use of renewable energy would eliminate the need for fossil fuel use, thereby reducing carbon emissions and air pollution.Solar EnergySolar energy is one of the most abundant renewable energy sources and also one of the oldest. It has been used for centuries to heat water and homes. With the development of technology, solarenergy is increasingly becoming popular. Solar power involves converting sunlight into electricity, which is done using solar panels. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity directly. A typical solar panel can last up to 25 years, which makes it an affordable and sustainable source of energy.Wind EnergyWind power is another renewable energy source that is becoming increasingly popular. Wind turbines convert wind energy into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity. Wind turbines are highly efficient, and their efficiency has improved dramatically over the years. They are also affordable and easy to install compared to fossil fuel-fired power plants.Hydro EnergyHydro energy is the most commonly used renewable energy source worldwide. It involves the use of water to generate electricity. Hydroelectric power plants are highly efficient and produce electricity at a lower cost than those using fossil fuels. Hydroelectric power plants have been in use since the 19th century, and its technology has undergone significant development over the years to become more efficient.Geothermal EnergyGeothermal energy is one of the least known but most promising renewable energy sources. It involves the use of the heat from the earth's core to produce electricity. Geothermal energy is abundant, sustainable, and reliable. Its technology has undergone significant development over the years, and it is now being used as a source ofenergy in many countries.ConclusionThe use of renewable energy sources has become increasingly popular due to the need for clean and sustainable sources of energy. Solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy are some of the most commonly used renewable energy sources. These energy sources offer numerous benefits, such as sustainability, affordability, and environmental conservation. Their technology is also continuously evolving, and their efficiency is increasing. The use of renewable energy sources is the solution to reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the effects of climate change.Advancements in Science and Technology for Renewable EnergyThe advent of modern technology has propelled advancements in science, ultimately leading to significant improvements in the efficiency and production of renewable energy. Thanks to the advent of computational models and simulations, scientists and engineers can conduct research and experiments in a more accurate and precise manner. Innovations in materials science have also greatly contributed to the improvement of renewable energy sources.For instance, in solar energy production, scientists have developed new methods of depositing thin layers of solar cells onto a substrate, making it easier to manufacture and install solar panels. Additionally, new photovoltaic materials have been developed, and improvements in energy storage systems have bolstered the efficiency of solar power systems. Moreover, improvements in the performance, durability, and cost of wind turbines have beenachieved with the application of composite materials and aerodynamic designs.Additionally, engineering innovations in hydroelectricity are increasing the efficiency of hydro-turbines, improving their design, and allowing for better turbine control systems to be developed. These developments significantly decreased hydroelectric power production's environmental impact while improving its efficiency.Innovations in geothermal technology have also improved geothermal power plants' design and efficacy. Developments in drilling, coupled with advanced water-pumping systems, are facilitating more reliable and consistent access to geothermal sources.Furthermore, the integration of an intelligent grid that incorporates renewable energy sources is gaining traction. This grid can adjust power supply and demand in real time. This technology enables renewable energy collection and storage to be managed efficiently, minimizing waste and maximizing usage.Limitations of Renewable EnergyAs much as renewable energy sources offer a glimmer of hope in mitigating the effects of climate change, they also have limitations. For instance, the production processes for manufacturing new solar cells, wind turbines, and geothermal power plants can be quite energy-intensive. The energy stored from these manufacturing processes remains high, a problem known as "energy payback time." The high energy costs of developing renewable energysystems must be taken into account when considering their effect on the environment or their potential pay-offs.Moreover, there are geographical limitations to harnessing some renewable energy sources, which are not available across all regions. For instance, wind turbines require consistent wind flow, making them unsuitable in regions with low wind speeds. Similarly, large-scale hydro energy production isn't viable in areas with insufficient access to water sources or limited river flow.Finally, the unpredictability of some renewable energy sources poses challenges for energy grids. For example, solar energy is volatile as it's reliant on clear skies to generate energy while wind turbines' efficiency varies based on wind speeds. Thus, efficient energy storage systems that can store excess energy are essential, and developing more efficient systems is an ongoing challenge.ConclusionThe pledge to transition to sustainable energy is more pressing than ever before. Harnessing renewable energy has the potential to curtail greenhouse gas emissions while providing clean and sustainable sources of energy. Renewable energy systems can be both environmentally and economically viable with constant improvements in science and technology. Through collaboration between scientists, engineers, and industry players, future technological innovations for renewable energy will resolve current issues with efficiency and storage while finding new ways to expand renewable energy sources' availability. Nonetheless,governmental support and public investment are crucial in achieving the large-scale adoption of sustainable energy.。
学术英语作业文献综述
CONTENTS
01
Background
02
The introduction of the device
Present problem Prokground
Glass fiber plastic pipe appeared in the 1970s, because of its good corrosion
Thank you
The design and use of a integrated device which scratches and collects glue automatically on GRP production
—— The brief introduction which based on solid works
resistance, lightweight materials, both the
inner and outer surface is smooth, good technical and economic benefits and other
significant advantages. It was widely used
Promise
We want to invent a new device which a can
adapt different pipe’s diameter, the above pictures are the new ideas for our device, the theory of it is similar to the umbrella stand.
in engineering fields.
But there exists no widely used glue and scraping gum device used in the domestic fiber binding process.The process all rely on workers’ manual
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
学术英语学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：***学号：**********专业班级：新能源材料与器件1312015年 6月16 日The current development of genetically modified crops ofChina and its safety issuesZhang Qingfei(College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts:GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed.Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; ChinaIntroduction:As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton.The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed.The current development of genetically modified crops in chinaGM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality.China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops.As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinesesociety. Since the 1990 s, China's major cotton producing areas often suffered insect outbreaks and the effect conventional control is poor. In 1994, under the impetus of the country, Bt gene was successfully imported into The main plant cotton species .China has become the second country with the independent development of insect-resistant cotton.In 1999, China began to commercial cultivation of cotton. In 2010, gm cotton planting and product in China reached 3.45 million hectares, accounting for 69% of the total cotton planting and product. The planting of insect-resistant cotton have effectively controlled the damage caused by the cotton bollworm .The insect-resistant cotton also reduced pesticide use, protect the farmland ecological environment.Cotton yield and growth of calendar year in China:China's research on genetically modified (gm) rice have got rich achievements. In August 17, 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture promulgated transgenic rice security certificate for the two anti-lepidopteran pests transgenic rice -----"Hua Hui 1" and "Bt Shan You 63" .In addition, China has produced the anti-amino phosphonic herbicide Bar gene rice lines, the new salt tolerance strains which represented by T22-77. Compared with ordinary rice, these transgenic rice has unmatched superior properties .It will bring huge economic benefits to Chinese farmers if these rice be planted on large-scale .For example, each 667m2 planting salt-tolerant transgenic rice can increase the income of 100 yuan. Transgenic rice can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which is benefical to the environment.GM soy is the world's first commercialization, promotion and application of the fastest growing GM crops .Dates from Agropages shows that show in 2012 , global soybean acreage reached 107 million hectares, of which GM soybeans accounted for 79 percent (84.5 million hectares). As the world's first four major soybean producing countries, China is planting soybeans which are non-GMO soybeans. The transgenic soybean was still in the research stage, failed to achieve commercial GM soy production and large-scale demonstration.Analysis about safety issuesGM technology could efficiently improve crop yield, quality and resistance to meet growing human material needs. Transgenic technology is a double-edged sword, both its positive and beneficial side, also has its negative, the negative side, The biggest potential hazards of transgenic technology is the escape of target gene and gene pollution. With the genetically modified plants wide spread around the world ,the gene of interest may vary pollen spread to other species, or spread into the environment, which may causing unpredictable results. Canada's "superweeds" event and Mexican’s “corn genetic pollution” incident has sounded the alarm for us. Besides, certain genetic traits like instability of some transgenic plants are instability, transge nic plants’ good traits will become weaken over time. Another possibility is that some transgenic plants will produce some harmful variations which will endanger human health.Effects of transgenic expression products on humans is a problem that people are most concerned about. Some of the transgene expression product will make people allergic to. But for the most expression product we are lack of direct evidence to affirm their effects on human health and the environment.In order to verify the impact of Bt proteins on animal health. Since 1999, scientists feed white mouse with genetically modified food which containing the Bt protein for many years, the results showed that mice genetically modified agricultural products containing Bt protein is safe to the mouse. However, in the short-term animal feeding trials data can not prove the Bt protein is safe to us.Because human is the long-term consumer of rice. Recently, Canadian scientists discovered, Bt proteins can enter any place of the body. Even the in baby's umbilical cord blood were also found the Bt proteins. Therefore, this discovery had to let the people worried about the safety of transgenic Bt crops.Since the transgenic technology used gene beyond the conventional sexual hybridization gene scope, and for the problem that whether transgenic plants will affect human health and the environment or not we are also lack of systematic knowledge and experience .By the current level of science ,we can not be completely accurate prediction of the results of an outer genes in the new genetic background would cause.Currently, the safety evaluation of transgenic plants primarily relates to environmental safety and food safety aspects. The core issue of environmental safety assessment is after transgenic plants released into the field, whether it will evolve into weed, whether the genes will transfer to wild plants drift or not ; whether it will destroy the natural environment and break the original biological populations homeostasis ; whether it will destroy biodiversity, and so on. Ecological effects of GM crops may arise mainly in the gene flow, non-target effects, the target pest resistance evolution, etc.ConlusionFor security issues, by taking the right measures and scientific management system is able to solve these problems. We can improve the safety of transgenic plants from the following aspects:(1) Carrying out propagandas about genetically modified technical and transgenic plants.Cultivating people’s objectivity awareness of security issues to genetically modified(2) Improving the legal system transfer plant genes and their products;(3) The establishment of transgenic crop management technology system and risk assessment system; and(4) Using food processing technology to process raw materials of transgenic food, remove the transgene expression product that exist in the raw materials of transgenic food.In addition to cultivation of crops, we can also use transgenic technology to cultivate some asexual reproduction and non-food plants. This concept have two advantages .On the one hand, it is a good solution to the genes escape and genes pollution problems. Because the escape and contamination of genes mainly through plants’ pollen s, and asexual reproduction plants will not produce pollen. On the other hand, people do not worry about the transgene expression products will affect human health, because these transgenic plants is not food crops. Transgene expression products don’t enters the body. For example, we can cultivate forestry trees which with high resistance; foliage plants which can glowing; Aquatics which can absorb the harmful heavy metals in water and so on. These plants will bring great benefits to humanity. Prospects of transgenic technology is unlimited, as long as strengthen supervision and follow scientific methods, can be avoided completely turn the negative effects of human gene technology may bring.Reference:[1] Deng Xu, Wei Bin, Hu Zhang Li. Transgenic Chlamydomonas resistance to heavy metals and enrichment of cadmium ions. Biotechnology, 2007 ,17(6):66-68[2] Li Ligong ,Ye Weijun, Guo Longbiao. The research progress and commercialization of transgenic rice prospect analysis. Chinese Rice., 2012, 18(6):1-4[3] Wangren Xiang. The development and application of gm cotton in China. Crop Research , 2001 , Cotton Album:6-9[4] Yu Yongliang, Liang Huizhen, Wang Shufeng, Lian Yun, Wei Yanli, Wang Tingfeng. The research progress of transgenic soybeans and its industrialization in China. Soybean Science, 2010, 29, (1):143-148[5] Zhuyan Tao, Xu Hong, Guo Aiguang, Li Dianrong. Plant transgenic technology and contemporary social development. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(4):509-522。