[英语四六级]四级资料-定语从句分析

普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)
关系代词： （如上例who/which）
1. 除了代替先行词外，
2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
说明如下 The building is our school.+The building stands by the
river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
先行词
关系词
从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,
同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在
Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语 可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.
}
代替
bike
That is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词
关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定代词的区别 I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
{主语是复数}
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用
who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词 人 物
主格 who,that which,that
宾格 who(m),that which,that
所有格 whose whose,of which
最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)
注意
定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
Grammar
定语从句复习
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、 不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词 短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。 （that/which作宾语时可省.）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost?
例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词 {对等
His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.
2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。 但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替 who,whom,可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
{主语是单数}
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are
famous scientists.
(主句)The women are famous scientists.
(从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.
定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置
确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格
确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
关系代词的使用方法
定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、 which等。
定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.