过去完成时由过去的过去来判定.doc
过去完成时(past perfect)
过去完成时(past perfect)定义过去完成时(past perfect)①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续基本结构主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
过去完成时用法归纳
过去完成时用法归纳答案：过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
一、概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词。
1.肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.2.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.3.疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn't.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？5.被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.二、用法：1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。
)2. 与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
例如：The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
) The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。
) 解说：使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的：He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。
(最新整理)初中英语语法归纳(过去完成时)
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初中英语语法归纳：过去完成时英语语法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.那么，英语现在完成时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下. 一、过去完成时的结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past—in—the-past ）”。
—---|——--———----—-———---——————— ｜---———----—-—---—-—-————--—————｜---—--—-—-—-———————-—---———-> 过去完成时过去时现在进行时 构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning。
二、过去完成时的判断依据 1。
由时间状语来判定 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点.如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night。
初中语法之过去完成时和过去将来时的讲解
初中语法时态学习之（七）过去完成时1.【概念】过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在Eg:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟.(此句义表示在车来的那一刻，我在车站等待这个动作已经发生在车来之前，就表示发生在“过去的过去) 2.【结构】主语+had+V过去分词3.【时间状语】before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already+【过去的时间】等。
（注意：过去完成时和现在完成时在句中的使用区别关键看主从句的时态）【过去完成时-语法判定】1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
Eg: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（在昨晚九点，我就看完小说了。
）（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
Eg: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（在上学期末，我就已经学会了超过2万个英语单词.）（ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
Eg: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(上周三，他们就已经种植了600棵树。
过去完成时及现在完成时用法
Chapter 12 模块二Unit 3单元语法集训——过去完成时及现在完成时用法◆现在完成时与过去完成时的区别1.现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。
1) I have cleaned the classroom.我打扫干净教室了。
（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）2) They have lived here for twenty years.他们住在这二十年了。
（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）3) We have lived in Beijing since we came China.自我们来中国就住在北京了。
（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）2.过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。
运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。
1) Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。
(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去！）2) We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。
（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！）基础巩固一、单项填空1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.A. has; been sentB. had; sentC. has; sentD. had; been sent2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term.A. had learnedB. learnedC. have learnedD. will have learned3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.A. has hadB. hasn't haveC. have hadD. hadn't had4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy.A did they getB they gotC had they gotD has they got5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.A has left; comesB had left; would comeC had left; cameD left; had come6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink.A had enjoyedB was enjoyingC have enjoyedD have been enjoying7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.A. hopingB. had hopedC. has hopedD. would hope8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.A. left; had arrivedB. left; arrivedC. had left; had arrivedD. had left; arrived9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time.A. had workedB. have workedC. was workingD. has been working10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you? ---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.A. had wornB. woreC. were wearingD. are wearing12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.---- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend13. ---Alice came back home the day before yesterday.---Really? Where ______?A. has she beenB. had she beenC. has she goneD. had she gone14. Mr. Green and I are familiar with each other; we ______ to each other at an international conference.A. are introducedB. are being introducedC. were introducedD. had been introduced15. --- Did he notice you enter the room?--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listenedB. was listeningC. has listenedD. had listened16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. Until then, they _____ each other for nearly two years.A. didn’t seeB. hadn’t seenC. haven’t seenD. haven’t been seen17. ---Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?---Of course I do. You ______ in the library.A. were readingB. had readC. have readD. read18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _____ the cloth ______ well.A. have told; washesB. have been told; washesC. was told; washedD. have been told; is washed19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.A.I heardB. did I hearC.I had heardD. had I heard20. Ms Wang ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner gotB. had hardly gotC. no sooner gotD. had no sooner got21. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.A. has lost; don’t findB. is missing; don’t findC. has lost; haven’t foundD. is missing; haven’t found22. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? --- Of course. What is it?--- I ______ if you could take me to the station.A. would wonderB. did wonderC. was wonderingD. had wondered23. ---Hi, L iu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.---Oh, I ______ regular exercise at the club.A. didB. was doingC. had done D have been doing24. All the policemen’s attention was suddenly caught by a small dusty box which____ placed in the corner of the room.A. has beenB. was beingC. had beenD. would be25. By the time I got home yesterday, my husband _______ cooking the dinner.A. had finishedB. finishedC. has finishedD. finishes26. My friend asked me whether it was the first time that I ______ skiing.A. wentB. has goneC. had goneD. would go27. To everyone’s surprise, Mr Smith’s son spent much more mo ney than he ______ on the journey.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had planned28. If he ________ to the meeting yesterday, I would have met him.A. had comeB. cameC. would comeD. was coming29. I was late for the interview yesterday. I ________ the road to be so crowded.A. wouldn’t expectB. haven’t expectedC. wasn’t expectingD. hadn’t expected30. ---How long had the hotel _______ fire when the firemen got there?---For an hour or so.A. caughtB. been caughtC. been onD. been catching能力提高一、用所给动词的正确形式填空1 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _______ (take) off.2 The children ________ (have) the book for two weeks before they returned it to the library.3 He ______ (study) English for five years before he came here.4 When I woke up this morning, I found that it ________ (stop) snowing.5 The boy _____ (not watch) the movie because he had watched it twice.6 Kate told me that it was the second time that she _______ (go) skating.7 When Jim _____ (come) to China two years ago, he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________(learn) some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____ (not see) each other since we left Beijing.9 If you _______ (work) harder, you would have passed the examination.10 No sooner had we got there than it ______ (begin) to rain.二、句子改错1. When she got home last night, her three children went to bed.2. I didn't go to see the firm because I saw it before.3. The wind was still blowing, but the rain has stopped.4. By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.5. Jim got seriously ill. He didn’t eaten anything since Tuesday.三、中译英1. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。
精华版过去完成时讲解
过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ｐａsｔ-in－the-pａｓt )”。
----|-----－－-－－-－--－－----－－---－｜--－-----－-----－----－-----－----－|－-－----－-－----－－-－-------－－-＞那时以前那时现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词ｈaｄ+ 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had ａlrｅadｙｈａd breaｋfasｔbeforｅthey aｒｒｉvｅd at the hoｔel.Shｅhad finｉshed writｉnｇｔhe composｉtioｎbｙ 10 :0０ tｈｉs moｒning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by ＋过去的时间点。
如: I haｄ fｉnｉsｈｅｄｒeadinｇｔｈe noveｌｂy ｎinｅo＇clock ｌast nｉｇhｔ. ( ２ ) bｙ thｅｅnｄｏf + 过去的时间点。
如：Ｗe had ｌｅaｒned oｖer twｏｔhousａｎd Englｉｓh wｏrｄs ｂy tｈe enｄ of lａst terｍ.（ 3 ）bｅfore + 过去的时间点。
如：Ｔhey had plaｎted six ｈuｎdreｄｔrｅes bｅfore ｌａsｔＷｅdnesdａy.２. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:( 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, sａｉd, knｅｗ, hｅard， thｏuｇht等动词后的宾语从句。
高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习
过去完成时一、概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）"。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在二、基本结构：have/has + doneThey had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.三、时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.四、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。
过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
中考英语考点梳理：过去完成时语法详解!
一. 过去完成时的概念与结构概念：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
构成：“助动词 had + 过去分词”，其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。
She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. 今天早晨10点之前，她已经写完了作文。
二. 过去完成时的用法用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。
例如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。
（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”）用法2. 表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
例如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. 到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。
（到去年年底为止已工作了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）三. 过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by + 过去的时间点，例如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。
（2）by the end of + 过去的时间点，例如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。
过去完成时与现在完成时区分及综合练习题
过去完成时一、基础知识1.基本结构：have/has + done2.否定形式：have/has + not +done.3.一般疑问句：have或has提前概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即"过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）"。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由"助动词had + 过去分词"构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由"过去的过去"来判定。
过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
过去完成时的用法总结
1. cleaned the blackboard2. closed the window——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→had cleaned the closed the window nowblackboardShe had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window.After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.1. ran out of breath2. drank water——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→had run out drank water nowof breathHe had run out of breath before he drank water.After he had run out of breath, he drank water.1. ate an apple2. slept——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→had eaten slept nowan appleShe had eaten an apple before she slept.After she had eaten an apple , she slept.一、过去完成时定义：②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。
句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去），即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。
He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。
（因为“说”said就是过去式，而去北京的动作发生在说said 的过去，所以用过完而不用现完。
可概括为：强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。
二、过去完成时结构：⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词三、过去完成时的基本用法：（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
过去完成时用法
一、定义：过去完成时(past perfect tense)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
二、基本结构：主语+ +过去分词 +其他成份①肯定句：主语+ +过去分词 .②否定句：主语+ +过去分词 .③一般疑问句： +主语+过去分词 ?肯定回答：Yes,主语+ .否定回答：No,主语+ .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（ +主语+过去分词）？三、基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。
例如：By nine o’clock last night, we ( get )200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for, since 构成的时间状语连用。
例如： I (be)at the bus stop for 20 minutes.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he (work) in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He (be) a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I (study) my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
过去完成时
• 2.现在完成时强调一个动作从过去到现在 并可能持续到将来；过去完成时强调一个 动作从过去持续到过去并可能继续。 • 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单 词。 • I have already learned 1000 English words so far. • 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单 词。 • I had already learned 1000 English words till then.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时， 谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来 判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用 一般过去时。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句 中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的 先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则 主、从句都用一般过去时。如： 你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？Where did you study (had you studied) before you came here? 他关上门，离开了教室。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示 “过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发 生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前 的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用 法常出现在： (1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去 时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用 过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 她说她以前看过这电影。She said that she had seen the film before.
过去完成时
C -过去完成时的概念、结构、判断依据和用法语法梳理过去完成时一.过去完成时(past perfect tense)：它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去（past-in-the-past），侧重事情的结果。
即在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件；也可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
I had finished my homework before I had supper.我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.公交车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
【解析】句中的I had supper即指过去的某一时间，而finish这一动作就是在had supper之前完成的。
如果只是说I had finished my homework.比较难以理解。
由此可见，过去完成时可以说是一个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。
既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有一个“过去的时间”。
课文原句：Coghlan traveled（travel旅行；经过，通过）back to Canada – after he had been buried in Texas!已经被埋葬在德克萨斯的科格伦（竟然）回到了加拿大！By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston（英[ˈɡælvəstən]美[ˈɡælvɪstən]加尔维斯敦）, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck (strike的过去式、过去分词，击打；袭击).（必修三Module3 The Violence of Nature,P23）19世纪90年代后期，他迁居到加尔维斯敦，直到1899年——飓风袭击的前一年，在那里去世。
过去式与过去完成时_过去完成时 英语语法.doc
过去式与过去完成时_过去完成时过去时：1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately ）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
过去完成时：1）概念：表示过去的过去----|-------|-----|----其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在2）用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
过去完成时理解过去完成时的表达方式
过去完成时理解过去完成时的表达方式过去完成时是英语中的一种时态，用来描述在过去某一时间点或动作发生之前已经完成的动作或状态。
简单来说，过去完成时用于在过去某个时间点触发或者结束之前，已经发生过的动作或状态。
过去完成时的基本结构是“had + 过去分词”，其中“had”是过去完成时的助动词，根据主语的人称和数进行变化，过去分词则是动词的第三形式，或者根据不规则动词的变化规则进行变化。
过去完成时的表达方式有以下几种：1. 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作：例如：By the time we arrived, the show had already started. （我们到达的时候，演出已经开始了。
）2. 表示在过去某个时间段之前一直持续的动作或状态：例如：He had worked for the company for 10 years before he retired. （他在退休之前已经在这家公司工作了10年。
）3. 表示对过去某一动作或事件的推测：例如：They had probably left when we arrived. （当我们到达时，他们可能已经离开了。
）4. 表示过去某一动作或事件是否发生取决于另一个动作或事件是否完成：例如：She said she had already finished her homework before she went out. （她说她在出门之前已经完成了作业。
）5. 与其他过去时态进行比较，用于强调先后顺序：例如：I had already eaten dinner when she called. （她打电话的时候，我已经吃过晚饭了。
）需要注意的是，过去完成时一般与过去时态连用，用于强调先后顺序。
如果时间顺序已经明确，就可以省略过去完成时。
过去完成时的使用还需要根据具体语境和句子结构来决定，以下是一些常见的短语和句型结构：1. by + 过去时间点：表示在某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。
过去完成时态的四种判断方法
过去完成时态的四种判断方法过去时态范围时，宾语从句的时态做如下判定（已知一个过去动作去判断另一个过去动作）：1． that he was watching TV then. ----- 同时发生（过去进行时态）that he went home very late every day. ------ 同时发生（一般过去时态）2．that he would go to America the next day.-----之后发生（过去将来时态）3． that he had seen the film. ------ 之前发生（过去完成时态）二、由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句的时态判定：I. 当两个过去动作有明显的先后时，先发生的用过去完成时态，后发生的用一般过去时态。
When I got home, my mother had finished cooking.Got 后发生------一般过去时态Had finished ------ 过去完成时态II.当两个过去动作同时发生，出现下面三种时态情况：1.When I got home, my mother was cooking.Got home: 强调动作的结果或事实（瞬间）解释为：‘…….的…….了’----一般过去时态Was cooking:强调动作的过程（持续）解释为：‘正在’-----过去进行时态2.When I got home, I saw a letter on the ground.Got home: 强调动作的结果或事实（瞬间）解释为：‘…….的…….了’----一般过去时态Saw: 强调动作的结果或事实（瞬间）解释为：‘…….的…….了’----一般过去时态3.When I was doing my homework, my father was reading a newspaper.Was doing: :强调动作的过程（持续）解释为：‘正在’-----过去进行时态Was reading: :强调动作的过程（持续）解释为：‘正在’-----过去进行时态III.当出现两个将来动作时，时间状语从句用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，主句仍用一般将来时态（主将从现）(When my father gets home tomorrow), he will give me a birthday present.(After I leave my high school), I will go on to college.= I won’t go to college (until I leave my high school )(If it doesn’t rain tomorrow), we will play basketball.三、by +过去时间修饰一个过去完成时态：(by = before)By last week I had finished my Grade Eight study.By the time I got to Shanghai, I had lived in the country.四、有前后文的时态判定：I visited my uncle last week. I hadn’t seen him for two months.Homework:中译英：１．他说他经常在晚饭后出去散步。
英语过去完成时的用法总结
英语过去完成时的用法总结英语时态是一个很重要的知识点，今天我们就来学习英语时态的其中一种-过去完成时吧！英语过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。
这里的过去时间可以用某个时间状语表示，也可以通过上下文表示。
1. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也有可能早已结束或完成。
例如:When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
2. 表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作的用法，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
例如:He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。
3. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。
例如: By seven o’clock the worker had worked for ten hours. 到七点钟为止，那位工人已经工作十个小时了。
4. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。
例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.我们本希望你能来，但是你没来。
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别:(1) 过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的过去时间状语连用，但意思有明显区别。
试比较:He had finished his homework by eight. 他到八点钟的时候已经完成家庭作业了。
He finished his homework at eight. 他在八点钟完成了家庭作业。
过去完成时和过去将来时的区别
过去完成时和过去将来时的区别过去完成时和过去将来时是英语中的两种时态，它们在表达时间上有一些不同之处。
下面将详细解释这两个时态的区别。
过去完成时过去完成时（Past Perfect）用于在过去的某个时间点或动作之前表示已经发生的动作或事件。
也就是说，过去完成时用于描述在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
在句子中，过去完成时通常与表示过去时间的词语相连，比如"before"（之前）、"after"（之后）等。
以下是几个例子来说明过去完成时的使用：- I had already finished my homework before my mom came home.（在妈妈回家之前，我已经完成了作业。
）- They had left the party by the time I arrived.（在我到达的时候，他们已经离开了派对。
）在上面的例子中，过去完成时用于表达在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
过去将来时过去将来时（Future-in-the-Past）用于在过去的某个时间点或动作之前表示将来的动作或事件。
也就是说，过去将来时用于描述在过去的某个时间点之前将要发生的动作。
在句子中，过去将来时通常与表示过去时间的词语相连，比如"before"（之前）、"after"（之后）等。
以下是几个例子来说明过去将来时的使用：- He said he would call me after he finished his work.（他说他会在他完成工作后给我打电话。
）在上面的例子中，过去将来时用于表示在过去某个时间点之前将要发生的动作或事件。
总结总的来说，过去完成时和过去将来时在表达时间上有所不同。
过去完成时用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，而过去将来时用于描述在过去某个时间点之前将要发生的动作。
重要的是要记住这两个时态在时间顺序上的区别，以便在使用时更加准确和清晰。
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过去完成时由过去的过去来判定
由过去的过去来判定。
过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：
（1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend,
mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.。