On dynamics of relativistic shock waves with losses in gamma-ray burst sources

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第八届国际凝聚态理论与计算材料学会议

第八届国际凝聚态理论与计算材料学会议

大会将请专家对以下领域作专题性的特邀报告:
(1). 凝聚态物理的最新进展:
A. 自旋电子学
B. 纳米材料
C. 固体量子信息和计算
D. 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚
E. 强关联电子系统
F. 高温超导
G. 量子霍尔效应
H. 磁学
I 表面和界面
J. 半导体物理
K. 低维凝聚态物理
L. 介观物理
M. 软凝聚态物质
N. 生物物理
structure Metallic Phases in Solid Germane (GeH4) under Pressure 锗烷在
压力下的金属相
11:45 -12:15
12:15 -13:00
午餐
张振宇 橡树岭国家实验室
柳百新
清华大学
林海青 香港中文大学 牛谦 美国德克萨斯大学
7 月 16 日
凝聚态理论专题邀请报告 I 主持人:谢心澄 地点:芙蓉厅
14:30 -14:55 14:55 -15:20 15:20 -15:45 15:45 -16:10 16:10 -16:35 16:35 -16:50
7 月 16 日
Manipulating Magnetization States of Nanostructures Two-spin decoherence in semiconductor quantum dots
稀磁半导体(Al,Cr)N 中的氮空位与高温铁磁性的第一原理研究
蒋青 刘邦贵
吉林大学 中科院物理所
15:20 -15:45 15:45 -16:10 16:10 -16:35
Theoretical and experimental studies of semiconductor dilute nitrides and devices

汉密尔顿原理

汉密尔顿原理

汉密尔顿原理The Hamiltonian principle, also known as Hamilton's principle, is a fundamental principle in classical mechanics. It states that the dynamics of a physical system are determined by a single function, known as the Hamiltonian. This principle was formulated by Sir William Rowan Hamilton in 1834 and is a powerful tool for understanding the behavior of a wide range of physical systems.汉密尔顿原理,也称为汉密尔顿原则,是古典力学中的基本原理。

它表明物理系统的动力学是由一个称为汉密尔顿量的单个函数所决定的。

这一原理是由威廉·罗恩·汉密尔顿爵士于1834年提出的,是理解各种物理系统行为的有力工具。

One of the key insights of the Hamiltonian principle is that it provides a more general formulation of the laws of motion than the standard Newtonian approach. While Newton's laws are suitable for describing the motion of simple, low-energy systems, the Hamiltonian approach can be applied to more complex systems, including those involving relativistic effects and quantum mechanics.汉密尔顿原理的一个关键见解是,它提供了比标准牛顿方法更一般的运动定律公式。

dirac方程最简

dirac方程最简

dirac方程最简The Dirac equation, in its simplest form, represents a fundamental equation in physics that describes the behavior of relativistic electrons. Derived by Paul Dirac in 1928, it combines the principles of quantum mechanics and special relativity, offering a unified framework for understanding the dynamics of elementary particles. The equation is formulated in terms of wave functions, mathematical objects that encode the probability distributions of particles' positions and momenta.在最简形式下,狄拉克方程是物理学中的一个基本方程,用于描述相对论电子的行为。

该方程由保罗·狄拉克于1928年推导得出,结合了量子力学和特殊相对论的原理,为理解基本粒子的动力学提供了一个统一的框架。

这个方程是用波函数来表示的,波函数是数学对象,用于编码粒子位置和动量的概率分布。

The Dirac equation is remarkable for its predictive power. It not only accounts for the energy levels of electrons in atoms, but also predicts the existence of antimatter particles, such as positrons, which are the antiparticles of electrons. This antimatter prediction was a groundbreaking revelation at the time of its discovery, and it has since been experimentally verified.狄拉克方程的预测能力非常显著。

【国家自然科学基金】_shock wave_期刊发文热词逐年推荐_20140801

【国家自然科学基金】_shock wave_期刊发文热词逐年推荐_20140801

辐射温度 辐射持续时间 辐射功率 跨音速压气机 超高层建筑 超高压 超薄板材 超声速风洞 超声速流 超压峰值 超压 谐振 计算数学 衰减规律 节理岩体 脉冲爆轰发动机 脉冲升时 能量 聚偏氟乙烯 缺陷 缺口膨胀环 结构安全防护 结构参数 结构健康监测 纹影系统 纳米铝 纯铁 简谐力 等温物态方程 等效粘性阻尼 等截面扩压器 端壁造型 空腔解耦 空气弹簧 稠密等离子体 稀疏波 离子加速 示踪 磁流体动力学(mhd) 磁流体力学 磁场 碰撞 硝基甲烷 破乳 相关方法 电镜扫描 电离效应 电火花放电 电弧放电 状态方程 物质点法 爆轰管 爆轰物理 爆破松动
2008年 序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
科研热词 爆炸力学 冲击波 激波 数值模拟 爆炸冲击波 陶瓷 边界层分离 聚焦 等离子体气动激励 相变 瓦斯爆炸 爆轰 数值计算 层裂 固体力学 ls-dyna ce/se方法 齿顶曲率 高温空气 马赫盘 饱和土 风致振动 频率 频散曲线 非连续屏障 非线性 非均匀性 静态 霍普金斯(hopkinson)压杆 震源函数 集中荷载 集中冲量法 隧道 隔离效果 随机减量技术(rdt) 陶瓷材料 降噪 阵元激波发生器 防爆墙 锥形子弹 铝粉爆炸 铝泡沫 铝 铂 金 量纲分析方法 量纲分析 重合度 进气道 迎面撞击 边界层 辐射高温计
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

半导体双语专业常见单词

半导体双语专业常见单词

Chapter 2Quantum['kwɔntəm] Mechanics[mɪ'kænɪks]量子力学accuracy['ækjurəsi]n. 精确(性), 准确(性)theoretical [,θiə'retikəl]adj. 理论的;推想的, 假设的electromagnetic wave [ɪ,lektrəʊmæg'netɪk]电磁波inconsistent[,ɪnkən'sɪstənt]adj. (思想、意见等)不一致的, 不协调的;易变的, 不稳定的, 反复无常的Energy Quanta 能量子,量子Relativity 相对论The blackbody radiation (黑体辐射)particle (粒子)unambiguous[,ʌnæm'biɡjuəs]adj. 不含糊的; 清楚的; 明确的thermal ['θə:məl] radiation热辐射photoelectric[,fəʊtəʊɪ'lektrɪk] effect (光电效应).electrodes [ɪ'lek,trəʊd]n. 电极irradiate [i/reidieit] (照射)incident light (入射光)threshold ['θreʃhəuld[ frequency 截止频率proportional to [prə'pɔ:ʃənəl]adj. 比例的, 成比例的Photoelectric[,fəʊtəʊɪ'lektrɪk]adj. 光电的intensity [in'tensiti]n. 强烈, 剧烈;(感情的)强烈程度photoelectron[,fəutəui'lektrɔn]n. 光电子kinetic [kɪ'netɪk, kaɪ-]adj. <物>动力的,由运动引起的electrode [ɪ'lek,trəʊd]n. 电极emission[ɪ'mɪʃən] n.1.排放物,散发物(尤指气体)2.排放,散发,发出(气体、光、热)eject[i'dʒekt]vt. & vi. 弹出, 喷出, 排出vt. 逐出contamination (污染)hypothesis [hai'pɔθisis]n. 假说, 假设, 前提assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定, 臆断photon [/fəʊ:tɔn]光子;光量子cathode['kæθ,əʊd]n. <电>(-)阴极,负极work function (功函数).equation方程kinetic energy (动能)photon. ['fəʊ,tɔn]n. <物>光子;光量子photoelectron [,fəutəui'lektrɔn]n. 光电子reciprocal ri'siprəkəl (倒数)Wave-Particle Duality [dju(:)'æliti] (波粒二象性)impinges [im/pindʒ] (冲击,撞击)diffuse reflection漫射wavelength 波长scattere.[/skætə]散射mechanism ['mekənizəm]n. (机理)forced vibration [vaɪ'breɪʃən] (受迫振动),oscillate vt. & vi. (使)摆动momentum(动量)collision [kə'liʒən]n. 碰撞, 冲突, 抵触recoils [ri/kɔil] 反冲D e B r o g l i e W a v e(德布罗意波)postulate [/pɔstju/leɪt] (假设matter waves 物质波wave-particle duality [dju(:)'æliti](波粒二象性)filament['fɪləmənt (灯丝)accelerate [æk'seləreit]vt. & vi. (使)加快, (使)增速nickel ['nikəl] (镍).Scattere [/skætə]散射diffract 衍射interference [,ɪntə'fiərəns]干涉grating ['greɪtɪŋ](光栅)magnitude 'mæɡnitju:d] (数量级)protons [/prəʊ/tɔn] (质子)neutrons [/nu:/trɔn] (中子)mechanics [mɪ'kænɪks]n. 力学;机械学;机件;过程;方法radius ['reidjəs (半径)wave theory 波动理论subatomic ['sʌbə'tɔmik]adj. 小于原子的;亚原子的,次原子的particle ['pɑ:tikl]n. 微粒, 颗粒, 〈物〉粒子;极少量;小品词conjugate [/kɔndʒəɡeit]variables [/vɛəriəbl](相关变量), simultaneous [,siməl'teinjəs]adj. 同时发生的; 同时存在的generalized[/dʒenərəlaizd]adj.1.广泛的, 普遍的, 全面的2.非具体的; 整体的angular position (角坐标)angular momentum (角动量momentum [məu'mentəm]n. 动力, 冲力, 势头;〈物〉动量profound [prə'faund]adj. 深度的; 深切的; 深远的;知识渊博的, 见解深刻的, 深奥的diameter [dai'æmitə]n. 直径;放大率electron single-slit diffraction([di'frækʃən]电子单缝衍射slit [slit]vt. 切开, 撕开n. 狭长的口子, 裂缝billiard [/bɪljəd] ball (台球)macroscopic [/mækrə/skɔpɪk] (宏观的)Microscopic [/maɪkrə/skɔpɪk] 微观的rifle [/raifl] (来福枪)bullet [/bulit] (子弹)apparatus [/æpə/reitəs] (仪器)bounced off 反弹probability density function (概率密度函数)precisely [prɪ'saɪsli:]adv. 精确地;恰好;细心地;对, 的确如此dice [dais]骰子violate ['vaiəleit]vt. 违反, 违背;亵渎;侵犯, 妨碍bizarre [bi/zɑ:] (怪诞的tick [tik]n. 钟的嘀嗒声;(表示正确无误的)记号;证券价格的增额;(寄生于体大动物的吸血小虫)壁虱vt. & vi.1.发出滴答声2.标以记号3.激怒kinetic energy 动能relativistic quantum mechanics (相对论量子力学non-relativistic quantum mechanics (非相对论量子力学) . hypotheses [hai/pɔθisiz]臆测,假定one-dimensional (一维的),constant ['kɔnstənt] (常数)portion ['pɔ:ʃən]n. 一部分, 一份vt. 把…分成份额, 分配the technique of separation of variables (分离变量法Substituting ['sʌbstitju:tiŋ]n. 取代denote [di'nəut]vt. 为…的符号; 为…的名称;指示; 指出dynamic [dai'næmik] (动力学的complex conjugate function (复共轭)normalizing condition 归一化条件coefficient [,kəʊə'fɪʃənt系数).derivative [di/rivətiv](导数)finite ['fainait]adj. 有限的, 有限度的;〈语〉限定的single-valued 单值的state superposition principle (态叠加原理)traveling wave (行波),parameter [pə'ræmitə]n. (限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限;〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数Infinite ['infinit]adj. 无限的, 无穷的, 无边无际的Potential Well (势阱)bound particle (束缚粒子).explicit [iks'plisit]adj. 详述的, 明确的, 明晰的;直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的discrete [dis'kri:t]adj. 分离的, 不相关联的energy levels (能级)dimension [di'menʃən]n. 尺寸, 维度standing wave (驻波quantization量子化quantum states (量子态)Barrier ['bæriə] (势垒)incident particle (入射粒子)a flux ([flʌks]of incident particles一束入射离子流originate [ə'ridʒineit]vi. 起源于, 来自, 产生transmission coefficient (透射系数),impinge [im/pindʒ]碰撞penetrate ['penitreit] (穿透)tunneling (tunnel [/tʌnəl]) effect (隧道效应contradict [,kɔntrə'dikt]vt. & vi. 反驳, 否认…的真实性vt. 与…发生矛盾, 与…抵触tunnel diode (隧道二级管)horizontal [,hɔri'zɔntəl]adj. 水平的, 与地平线平行的ionize ['aɪə,naɪz]vt. & vi. (使)电离,(使)成离子molecule分力theoretical [,θiə'retikəl]adj. 理论的;推想的, 假设的visualized ['viʒuəlaiz]vt. 在脑中使(某人或某物)形象化, 设想, 想像pulse [pʌls]n. 脉搏;脉冲vi. (心脏)跳动; 脉动attosecond阿秒periphery [pə'rɪfəri:]n. 外围;边缘spectrometry光谱测定法dynamics [dai'næmiks]n. 动力学、力学;facilitate [fə'siliteit]vt. 使便利, 减轻…的困难rectangular [rek/tæŋɡjulə](长方形的; 矩形的coulomb [/ku:lɔm]attraction (库仑引力)permittivity [/pə:mi/tiviti] (介電常數)spherical coordinates [/sfɪərɪkəl] [kəu/ɔ:dineit] (球坐标). Laplace operator (拉普拉斯算符)spherical['sfɪərɪkəl, 'sfer-]adj. 球形的,球面的;天体的coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dineit]vt. 使协调; 使调和adj. 同等的, 并列的n. 〈数〉坐标principle quantum number (主量子数);angular momentum quantum number (角量子数magnetic quantum number (磁量子数).Correspond[,kɔris'pɔnd]vi. 相符合, 相一致;相当, 相类似;通信discrete[dis'kri:t]adj. 分离的, 不相关联的,分立的symmetric对称的Bohr radius (玻尔半径emanate ['emə,neɪt]vi. 从…处传出;传出nucleus ['nju:kliəs]n. (原子)核;中心, 核心plot 绘制,作图electron cloud (电子云energy shell能量壳层yield [ji:ld]vt. & vi. 生产, 出产, 带来;evolve [i'vɔlv]vt. & vi. 演变; 进化Periodic ([,piəri'ɔdik])T able (周期表) initial [i'niʃəl]adj. 最初的, 开头的electron spin (电子自旋).spin [spin]vt. & vi. 使…旋转vt. 杜撰exclusion [ɪk'sklu:ʒən]n. 拒绝,排除n. 排外主义helium (氦),inert [ɪ/nɜ:t](惰性的valence ['veiləns]n. (化合)价,原子价deviate [/di:vieit] (偏离)。

善良与邪恶的英语作文论点

善良与邪恶的英语作文论点

善良与邪恶的英语作文论点The concept of good and evil is a fundamental theme that has been explored in literature, philosophy, and religion for centuries. Good is often associated with qualities such as kindness, compassion, and altruism, while evil is linked to traits like cruelty, selfishness, and malice. These contrasting forces shape our understanding of morality and guide our actions in the world.One argument is that good and evil are subjective concepts that vary depending on cultural, social, and personal perspectives. What may be considered good in one society could be perceived as evil in another. This relativistic view suggests that there are no absolute standards of good and evil, and that moral judgments are influenced by individual beliefs and values.On the other hand, some argue that there are universal principles of good and evil that transcend cultural differences. These principles are rooted in basic human values such as respect for life, fairness, and honesty. According to this perspective, there are certain actions that are inherently good or evil, regardless of context or interpretation.In conclusion, the concept of good and evil is a complex and multifaceted topic that continues to spark debates and discussions. Whether viewed as subjective or objective, understanding the dynamics of good and evil is essential for navigating ethical dilemmas and making moral choices in our daily lives.中文翻译:善恶的概念是一个根本性的主题,几个世纪以来在文学、哲学和宗教中得到探讨。

基于深度卷积-长短期记忆神经网络的整车道路载荷预测

基于深度卷积-长短期记忆神经网络的整车道路载荷预测
- 46 -
拟路谱技术和基于机器学习的路谱识别技术。前者首 先通过激光扫描技术获取试验场路面不平度信号,然 后对包括轮胎、衬套悬置等弹性元件的整车模型进行 动力学仿真分析 ;后 [1-4] 者首先利用合适的机器学习模 型直接根据方便测量的整车参数预测道路载荷,然后 利用整车动力学仿真分析获取底盘结构件的动态响 应载荷 。 [5-8] 通过对比这 2 种方法,发现与虚拟路谱技术 相比,基于机器学习的路谱识别技术省去了操作复杂且 代价高昂的路面不平度测量工作,且不需要在整车动力 学模型中建立轮胎模型。
经 网 络(DCNN-LSTM)模 型 ,提 出 了 基 于 数 据 驱 动 的 整 车 轮 心 载 荷 预 测 方 法 。 对 比 试 验 结 果 表 明 ,该 方 法 预 测 的 整 车 轮 心
载荷与试验场采集数据非常接近,有利于逐步取消路谱采集试验并极大地提高整车耐久性分析的效率。
主题词:道路载荷 深度学习 数据库 疲劳耐久分析 深度卷积神经网络 长短期记忆
每小块求取统计值(如均值或最大值)即可得到池化层 的输出信息。在整车道路载荷预测中,需要处理的汽车
算和求和运算,然后通过非线性转换获得卷积层的输出 信息。在池化层,输入的数据被分为很多小块,通过对
运行参数属于一维时序数据,因此 DCNN 层选用如图 2 所示的一维卷积神经网络层。
x(1) x(2)
x(S - 1) x(S)
1 前言
在现有的汽车底盘结构疲劳耐久分析流程中,为了 获得整车的道路载荷谱,通常需要在项目开发早期开展 整车道路耐久试验,该试验需要特制的试制样车、测量 设备、试验场所以及数周的试验时间。随着控制成本和 缩减开发周期的要求日益严格,道路试验成本高、周期 长的问题更加突出,亟待解决。

量子力学索引英汉对照

量子力学索引英汉对照

21-centimeter line, 21厘米线AAbsorption, 吸收Addition of angular momenta, 角动量叠加Adiabatic approximation, 绝热近似Adiabatic process, 绝热过程Adjoint, 自伴的Agnostic position, 不可知论立场Aharonov-Bohm effect, 阿哈罗诺夫-玻姆效应Airy equation, 艾里方程;Airy function, 艾里函数Allowed energy, 允许能量Allowed transition, 允许跃迁Alpha decay, 衰变;Alpha particle, 粒子Angular equation, 角向方程Angular momentum, 角动量Anomalous magnetic moment, 反常磁矩Antibonding, 反键Anti-hermitian operator, 反厄米算符Associated Laguerre polynomial, 连带拉盖尔多项式Associated Legendre function, 连带勒让德多项式Atoms, 原子Average value, 平均值Azimuthal angle, 方位角Azimuthal quantum number, 角量子数BBalmer series, 巴尔末线系Band structure, 能带结构Baryon, 重子Berry's phase, 贝利相位Bessel functions, 贝塞尔函数Binding energy, 束缚能Binomial coefficient, 二项式系数Biot-Savart law, 毕奥-沙法尔定律Blackbody spectrum, 黑体谱Bloch's theorem, 布洛赫定理Bohr energies, 玻尔能量;Bohr magneton, 玻尔磁子;Bohr radius, 玻尔半径Boltzmann constant, 玻尔兹曼常数Bond, 化学键Born approximation, 玻恩近似Born's statistical interpretation, 玻恩统计诠释Bose condensation, 玻色凝聚Bose-Einstein distribution, 玻色-爱因斯坦分布Boson, 玻色子Bound state, 束缚态Boundary conditions, 边界条件Bra, 左矢Bulk modulus, 体积模量CCanonical commutation relations, 正则对易关系Canonical momentum, 正则动量Cauchy's integral formula, 柯西积分公式Centrifugal term, 离心项Chandrasekhar limit, 钱德拉赛卡极限Chemical potential, 化学势Classical electron radius, 经典电子半径Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, 克-高系数Coherent States, 相干态Collapse of wave function, 波函数塌缩Commutator, 对易子Compatible observables, 对易的可观测量Complete inner product space, 完备内积空间Completeness, 完备性Conductor, 导体Configuration, 位形Connection formulas, 连接公式Conservation, 守恒Conservative systems, 保守系Continuity equation, 连续性方程Continuous spectrum, 连续谱Continuous variables, 连续变量Contour integral, 围道积分Copenhagen interpretation, 哥本哈根诠释Coulomb barrier, 库仑势垒Coulomb potential, 库仑势Covalent bond, 共价键Critical temperature, 临界温度Cross-section, 截面Crystal, 晶体Cubic symmetry, 立方对称性Cyclotron motion, 螺旋运动DDarwin term, 达尔文项de Broglie formula, 德布罗意公式de Broglie wavelength, 德布罗意波长Decay mode, 衰变模式Degeneracy, 简并度Degeneracy pressure, 简并压Degenerate perturbation theory, 简并微扰论Degenerate states, 简并态Degrees of freedom, 自由度Delta-function barrier, 势垒Delta-function well, 势阱Derivative operator, 求导算符Determinant, 行列式Determinate state, 确定的态Deuterium, 氘Deuteron, 氘核Diagonal matrix, 对角矩阵Diagonalizable matrix, 对角化Differential cross-section, 微分截面Dipole moment, 偶极矩Dirac delta function, 狄拉克函数Dirac equation, 狄拉克方程Dirac notation, 狄拉克记号Dirac orthonormality, 狄拉克正交归一性Direct integral, 直接积分Discrete spectrum, 分立谱Discrete variable, 离散变量Dispersion relation, 色散关系Displacement operator, 位移算符Distinguishable particles, 可分辨粒子Distribution, 分布Doping, 掺杂Double well, 双势阱Dual space, 对偶空间Dynamic phase, 动力学相位EEffective nuclear charge, 有效核电荷Effective potential, 有效势Ehrenfest's theorem, 厄伦费斯特定理Eigenfunction, 本征函数Eigenvalue, 本征值Eigenvector, 本征矢Einstein's A and B coefficients, 爱因斯坦A,B系数;Einstein's mass-energy formula, 爱因斯坦质能公式Electric dipole, 电偶极Electric dipole moment, 电偶极矩Electric dipole radiation, 电偶极辐射Electric dipole transition, 电偶极跃迁Electric quadrupole transition, 电四极跃迁Electric field, 电场Electromagnetic wave, 电磁波Electron, 电子Emission, 发射Energy, 能量Energy-time uncertainty principle, 能量-时间不确定性关系Ensemble, 系综Equilibrium, 平衡Equipartition theorem, 配分函数Euler's formula, 欧拉公式Even function, 偶函数Exchange force, 交换力Exchange integral, 交换积分Exchange operator, 交换算符Excited state, 激发态Exclusion principle, 不相容原理Expectation value, 期待值FFermi-Dirac distribution, 费米-狄拉克分布Fermi energy, 费米能Fermi surface, 费米面Fermi temperature, 费米温度Fermi's golden rule, 费米黄金规则Fermion, 费米子Feynman diagram, 费曼图Feynman-Hellman theorem, 费曼-海尔曼定理Fine structure, 精细结构Fine structure constant, 精细结构常数Finite square well, 有限深方势阱First-order correction, 一级修正Flux quantization, 磁通量子化Forbidden transition, 禁戒跃迁Foucault pendulum, 傅科摆Fourier series, 傅里叶级数Fourier transform, 傅里叶变换Free electron, 自由电子Free electron density, 自由电子密度Free electron gas, 自由电子气Free particle, 自由粒子Function space, 函数空间Fusion, 聚变Gg-factor, g-因子Gamma function, 函数Gap, 能隙Gauge invariance, 规范不变性Gauge transformation, 规范变换Gaussian wave packet, 高斯波包Generalized function, 广义函数Generating function, 生成函数Generator, 生成元Geometric phase, 几何相位Geometric series, 几何级数Golden rule, 黄金规则"Good" quantum number, "好"量子数"Good" states, "好"的态Gradient, 梯度Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, 格莱姆-施密特正交化法Graphical solution, 图解法Green's function, 格林函数Ground state, 基态Group theory, 群论Group velocity, 群速Gyromagnetic railo, 回转磁比值HHalf-integer angular momentum, 半整数角动量Half-life, 半衰期Hamiltonian, 哈密顿量Hankel functions, 汉克尔函数Hannay's angle, 哈内角Hard-sphere scattering, 硬球散射Harmonic oscillator, 谐振子Heisenberg picture, 海森堡绘景Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 海森堡不确定性关系Helium, 氦Helmholtz equation, 亥姆霍兹方程Hermite polynomials, 厄米多项式Hermitian conjugate, 厄米共轭Hermitian matrix, 厄米矩阵Hidden variables, 隐变量Hilbert space, 希尔伯特空间Hole, 空穴Hooke's law, 胡克定律Hund's rules, 洪特规则Hydrogen atom, 氢原子Hydrogen ion, 氢离子Hydrogen molecule, 氢分子Hydrogen molecule ion, 氢分子离子Hydrogenic atom, 类氢原子Hyperfine splitting, 超精细分裂IIdea gas, 理想气体Idempotent operaror, 幂等算符Identical particles, 全同粒子Identity operator, 恒等算符Impact parameter, 碰撞参数Impulse approximation, 脉冲近似Incident wave, 入射波Incoherent perturbation, 非相干微扰Incompatible observables, 不对易的可观测量Incompleteness, 不完备性Indeterminacy, 非确定性Indistinguishable particles, 不可分辨粒子Infinite spherical well, 无限深球势阱Infinite square well, 无限深方势阱Inner product, 内积Insulator, 绝缘体Integration by parts, 分部积分Intrinsic angular momentum, 内禀角动量Inverse beta decay, 逆衰变Inverse Fourier transform, 傅里叶逆变换KKet, 右矢Kinetic energy, 动能Kramers' relation, 克莱默斯关系Kronecker delta, 克劳尼克LLCAO technique, 原子轨道线性组合法Ladder operators, 阶梯算符Lagrange multiplier, 拉格朗日乘子Laguerre polynomial, 拉盖尔多项式Lamb shift, 兰姆移动Lande g-factor, 朗德g-因子Laplacian, 拉普拉斯的Larmor formula, 拉摩公式Larmor frequency, 拉摩频率Larmor precession, 拉摩进动Laser, 激光Legendre polynomial, 勒让德多项式Levi-Civita symbol, 列维-西维塔符号Lifetime, 寿命Linear algebra, 线性代数Linear combination, 线性组合Linear combination of atomic orbitals, 原子轨道的线性组合Linear operator, 线性算符Linear transformation, 线性变换Lorentz force law, 洛伦兹力定律Lowering operator, 下降算符Luminoscity, 照度Lyman series, 赖曼线系MMagnetic dipole, 磁偶极Magnetic dipole moment, 磁偶极矩Magnetic dipole transition, 磁偶极跃迁Magnetic field, 磁场Magnetic flux, 磁通量Magnetic quantum number, 磁量子数Magnetic resonance, 磁共振Many worlds interpretation, 多世界诠释Matrix, 矩阵;Matrix element, 矩阵元Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, 麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布Maxwell's equations, 麦克斯韦方程Mean value, 平均值Measurement, 测量Median value, 中位值Meson, 介子Metastable state, 亚稳态Minimum-uncertainty wave packet, 最小不确定度波包Molecule, 分子Momentum, 动量Momentum operator, 动量算符Momentum space wave function, 动量空间波函数Momentum transfer, 动量转移Most probable value, 最可几值Muon, 子Muon-catalysed fusion, 子催化的聚变Muonic hydrogen, 原子Muonium, 子素NNeumann function, 纽曼函数Neutrino oscillations, 中微子振荡Neutron star, 中子星Node, 节点Nomenclature, 术语Nondegenerate perturbationtheory, 非简并微扰论Non-normalizable function, 不可归一化的函数Normalization, 归一化Nuclear lifetime, 核寿命Nuclear magnetic resonance, 核磁共振Null vector, 零矢量OObservable, 可观测量Observer, 观测者Occupation number, 占有数Odd function, 奇函数Operator, 算符Optical theorem, 光学定理Orbital, 轨道的Orbital angular momentum, 轨道角动量Orthodox position, 正统立场Orthogonality, 正交性Orthogonalization, 正交化Orthohelium, 正氦Orthonormality, 正交归一性Orthorhombic symmetry, 斜方对称Overlap integral, 交叠积分PParahelium, 仲氦Partial wave amplitude, 分波幅Partial wave analysis, 分波法Paschen series, 帕邢线系Pauli exclusion principle, 泡利不相容原理Pauli spin matrices, 泡利自旋矩阵Periodic table, 周期表Perturbation theory, 微扰论Phase, 相位Phase shift, 相移Phase velocity, 相速Photon, 光子Planck's blackbody formula, 普朗克黑体辐射公式Planck's constant, 普朗克常数Polar angle, 极角Polarization, 极化Population inversion, 粒子数反转Position, 位置;Position operator, 位置算符Position-momentum uncertainty principles, 位置-动量不确定性关系Position space wave function, 坐标空间波函数Positronium, 电子偶素Potential energy, 势能Potential well, 势阱Power law potential, 幂律势Power series expansion, 幂级数展开Principal quantum number, 主量子数Probability, 几率Probability current, 几率流Probability density, 几率密度Projection operator, 投影算符Propagator, 传播子Proton, 质子QQuantum dynamics, 量子动力学Quantum electrodynamics, 量子电动力学Quantum number, 量子数Quantum statics, 量子统计Quantum statistical mechanics, 量子统计力学Quark, 夸克RRabi flopping frequency, 拉比翻转频率Radial equation, 径向方程Radial wave function, 径向波函数Radiation, 辐射Radius, 半径Raising operator, 上升算符Rayleigh's formula, 瑞利公式Realist position, 实在论立场Recursion formula, 递推公式Reduced mass, 约化质量Reflected wave, 反射波Reflection coefficient, 反射系数Relativistic correction, 相对论修正Rigid rotor, 刚性转子Rodrigues formula, 罗德里格斯公式Rotating wave approximation, 旋转波近似Rutherford scattering, 卢瑟福散射Rydberg constant, 里德堡常数Rydberg formula, 里德堡公式SScalar potential, 标势Scattering, 散射Scattering amplitude, 散射幅Scattering angle, 散射角Scattering matrix, 散射矩阵Scattering state, 散射态Schrodinger equation, 薛定谔方程Schrodinger picture, 薛定谔绘景Schwarz inequality, 施瓦兹不等式Screening, 屏蔽Second-order correction, 二级修正Selection rules, 选择定则Semiconductor, 半导体Separable solutions, 分离变量解Separation of variables, 变量分离Shell, 壳Simple harmonic oscillator, 简谐振子Simultaneous diagonalization, 同时对角化Singlet state, 单态Slater determinant, 斯拉特行列式Soft-sphere scattering, 软球散射Solenoid, 螺线管Solids, 固体Spectral decomposition, 谱分解Spectrum, 谱Spherical Bessel functions, 球贝塞尔函数Spherical coordinates, 球坐标Spherical Hankel functions, 球汉克尔函数Spherical harmonics, 球谐函数Spherical Neumann functions, 球纽曼函数Spin, 自旋Spin matrices, 自旋矩阵Spin-orbit coupling, 自旋-轨道耦合Spin-orbit interaction, 自旋-轨道相互作用Spinor, 旋量Spin-spin coupling, 自旋-自旋耦合Spontaneous emission, 自发辐射Square-integrable function, 平方可积函数Square well, 方势阱Standard deviation, 标准偏差Stark effect, 斯塔克效应Stationary state, 定态Statistical interpretation, 统计诠释Statistical mechanics, 统计力学Stefan-Boltzmann law, 斯特番-玻尔兹曼定律Step function, 阶跃函数Stem-Gerlach experiment, 斯特恩-盖拉赫实验Stimulated emission, 受激辐射Stirling's approximation, 斯特林近似Superconductor, 超导体Symmetrization, 对称化Symmetry, 对称TTaylor series, 泰勒级数Temperature, 温度Tetragonal symmetry, 正方对称Thermal equilibrium, 热平衡Thomas precession, 托马斯进动Time-dependent perturbation theory, 含时微扰论Time-dependent Schrodinger equation, 含时薛定谔方程Time-independent perturbation theory, 定态微扰论Time-independent Schrodinger equation, 定态薛定谔方程Total cross-section, 总截面Transfer matrix, 转移矩阵Transformation, 变换Transition, 跃迁;Transition probability, 跃迁几率Transition rate, 跃迁速率Translation,平移Transmission coefficient, 透射系数Transmitted wave, 透射波Trial wave function, 试探波函数Triplet state, 三重态Tunneling, 隧穿Turning points, 回转点Two-fold degeneracy , 二重简并Two-level systems, 二能级体系UUncertainty principle, 不确定性关系Unstable particles, 不稳定粒子VValence electron, 价电子Van der Waals interaction, 范德瓦尔斯相互作用Variables, 变量Variance, 方差Variational principle, 变分原理Vector, 矢量Vector potential, 矢势Velocity, 速度Vertex factor, 顶角因子Virial theorem, 维里定理WWave function, 波函数Wavelength, 波长Wave number, 波数Wave packet, 波包Wave vector, 波矢White dwarf, 白矮星Wien's displacement law, 维恩位移定律YYukawa potential, 汤川势ZZeeman effect, 塞曼效应。

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach Tu, Jiyuan、Yeoh, Guan Heng、LIU, Chaoqun Butterworth-Heinemann (平装- 2007-11出版)Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques: An Introduction Based on Finite Element Methods Prof Rainald Löhner WileyBlackwell (精装- 2008-05出版)Elements of Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICP Fluid Mechanics) John D. Ramshaw Imperial College Press (精装- 2011-02出版)Essential Computational Fluid Dynamics Zikanov, Oleg Wiley (精装- 2010-03出版)An Introduction to Computational Fluid Mechanics by Example Biringen, Sedat、Chow, Chuen-Yen Wiley (精装- 2011-04出版)Computational Fluid Dynamics with Moving Boundaries Rao, Madhukar M. Dover Publications (平装)Computational Fluid Dynamics Chung, T. J. Cambridge University Press (精装)Elements of Computational Fluid Dynamics Ramshaw, John D. World Scientific Publishing Company (平装)Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction Degroot, Joris、Wendt, John F. Springer (精装) Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 2007: Implementations and Experiences on Large Scale and Grid Computing Emerson, David R. Springer (平装)Computational Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ICCFD4, Ghent, Belgium, 10-14 July Dick, Erik Springer (精装) Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008 Yoo, Jung Yul Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics for Sport Simulation Peters, Martin Springer (精装) Fundamentals of Computational Fluid Dynamics Zingg, David W. Springer (平装)Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008: Parallel Numerical Methods, Software Development and Applications Emerson, David R. Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics 2010 Kuzmin, Alexander Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics Review Kwak, Dochan World Scientific Publishing Company (精装) Computational Fluid Dynamics Anderson, John McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math (精装) Computational Methods for Two-Phase Flows Shaw, Stephen J. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Algorithmic Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics Salas, M. D. Springer (精装) Computational Fluid Dynamics and Reacting Gas Flows Majda, Andrew Springer (精装)Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 2006: Parallel Computing and Its Applications Periaux, Jacques Elsevier Science & Technology (精装)Generalized Riemann Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics Ben-Artzi, Matania Cambridge University Press (平装)Computational Fluid Dynamics Chung, T. J. Cambridge University Press (精装)Generalized Riemann Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics Ben-Artzi, Matania Cambridge University Press (精装)Barriers and Challenges in Computational Fluid Dynamics Salas, Manuel D. Kluwer Academic Publishers (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineers H. Kansson, Love Cambridge University Press (精装) Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Iccfd, Sydney, Australia, 15-19 Srinivas, Karkenahalli Springer (精装)Characteristics Finite Element Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics Iannelli, Joe Springer (精装)New Developments in Computational Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Sixth International Nobeyama Workshop on the New Century of Computational Fluid D Obayashi, Shigeru Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics 2004: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Iccfd3, Toronto, 12-16 July 2004 Groth、Zingg, David W. Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics 2000: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Iccfd, Kyoto, Japan, 10-14 July Satofuka, N.、Satofuka, Nobuyuki Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics: Selected Topics Leutloff, D.、Srivastava, Ramesh C. Springer (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction Wendt, John F.、Anderson, J. D. Springer (精装) Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Reaction Engineering, and Molecular Properties Voss, H. Springer (精装)Characteristics Finite Element Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics Iannelli, Joe Springer (平装)Computational Fluid Dynamics Based on the Unified Coordinates Xu, Kun Springer (精装) Lectures on Computational Fluid Dynamics Gustafson World Scientific Publishing Company (精装) Frontiers of Computational Fluid Dynamic Hafez, M. M. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Computational Fluid Dynamics, Proceeding Ramos, Eduardo、Fernandez, R. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Frontiers of Computational Fluid Dynamic Hafez, M. M. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Frontiers of Computational Fluid Dynamics Hafez, M. M. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Adaptive High-Order Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics Wang, Z. J. World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Computational Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction Chattot, Jean-Jacques Springer (精装)Computational Thermo-Fluid Dynamics: In Materials Science and Engineering Nikrityuk, Petr A. Wiley-VCH (精装- 2011-10出版)Fluid Dynamics with a Computational Perspective Medic, Gorazd Cambridge University Press (精装)Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: Volume 1: Fundamental and General Techniques Fletcher, Clive A. J. Springer (精装)Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: Two-Volume-Set Fletcher, Clive A. J. Springer (平装)Boundary Elements in Fluid Dynamics Partridge, P. W.、Brebbia, C. A. Computational Mechanics (精装)Spectral Methods: Evolution to Complex Geometries and Applications to Fluid Dynamics Quarteroni, A. Springer (精装)Fluid Dynamics of Viscoelastic Liquids Joseph, Daniel D. Springer (精装)Selecta: Volume II: Probability Theory, Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics and Mathematical Fluid Dynamics Sinai Springer (精装)Fundamental Trends in Fluid-Structure Interaction Rannacher, Rolf World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Sixth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Conference, Held in Tbilisi (U.S.S.R.) June 21-24, 1978 Rusanov, V. V. Springer (平装)Finite-Difference Techniques for Vectorized Fluid Dynamics Calculations Fritts, M. J.、Book, D. L. Springer (精装)Vortex Methods in Two-Dimensional Fluid Dynamics Pulvirenti, M. Springer (平装)Ninth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics Boujot, J. P. Springer (平装)Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics Quarteroni, Alfio Springer (精装)International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics Voigt, Robert G. Springer (精装)Relativistic Fluid Dynamics: Lectures Given at the 1st 1987 Session of the Centro Internazionale Matematico Estivo (C.I.M.E.) Held at Noto, Italy, Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne Springer (平装) Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics Quarteroni, Alfio Springer (平装)Meteorological Fluid Dynamics: Asymptotic Modelling, Stability and Chaotic Atmospheric Motion Zeytounian, R. Kh Springer (精装)Thirteenth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerc Sabetta, F. Springer (精装) Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: University of Colorado, June 24-28, 1974 Richtmyer, R. D. Springer (平装)Sixteenth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Conference Held in Arcachon, France, 6-10 July, 1998 Bruneau, C. H.、Bruneau, Charles-Henri Springer (精装)Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part II: Lubricated Transport, Drops and Miscible Liquids Renardy, Yuriko Y. Springer (精装)Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part 1: Mathematical Theory and Applications Renardy, Yuriko Y. Springer (精装)Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: Lectures Given at the 3rd 1983 Session of the Centro Internationale Matematico Estivo (Cime) Held at Como, Italy, Brezzi, Franco Springer (平装) Twelfth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics: Proceedings of the Conference Held at the University of Oxford, England on 9- Morton, K. W. Springer (精装)The Dynamics of Particles and of Rigid, Elastic, and Fluid Bodies. Being Lectures on Mathematical Physics, by Arthur Gordon Webster. Webster, Arthur Gordon University of Michigan Library (平装)Iutam Symposium on Hamiltonian Dynamics, Vortex Structures, Turbulence: Proceedings of the Iutam Symposium Held in Moscow, 25-30 August, 2006 Mamaev, Ivan S. Springer (平装) Geometrical Theory of Dynamical Systems and Fluid Flows Kambe, Tsutomu World Scientific Publishing Company (精装)Collective Dynamics of Nonlinear and Disordered Systems Radons, G.、Just, Wolfram Springer (精装)Monte Carlo Methods in Mechanics of Fluid and Gas O M. Belotserkovskii、Y I Khlopkov World Scientific Publishing Company (精装- 2010-05出版)Recent Advances In Elliptic And Parabolic Problems: Proceedings of the International Conference, Hsinchu, Taiwan 16 - 20 February 2004 Chen, Chiun-Chuan、Chipot, Michel、Lin, Chang-Shou World Scientific Pub Co Inc (精装- 2005-02出版)Waves And Stability in Continuous Media: Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Wascom 2005 Monaco, Roberto、Mulone, Giuseppe、Rionero, Salvatore、Ruggeri, Tommaso World Scientific Pub Co Inc (精装- 2006-03出版)。

常压储罐底板泄漏检测技术

常压储罐底板泄漏检测技术

〒困麵备安全检测技术常压储罐底板泄漏检测技术陈立志1艾景奇2董京龙3王宁辉3熊甫宏3(1.中国特种设备检测研究院北京100029)(2.中国石油管道局工程有限公司廊坊065000)(3.中石油华北油田公司任丘065700)主商要:本文从一个常压储罐底板泄漏检验案例出发,结合不同无损检测新技术的应用,进一步论证了声发 射在线检测技术、高频导波检测技术和开罐漏磁检测技术等新型技术在常压储罐底板检测的可行性。

结果表明,储罐底板声发射检测发现2处疑似泄漏信号的可疑区域,为下一步开罐复核缩小检测范围,高频导波检测、漏磁 检测各锁定1处缺陷位置,经真空试漏判断为漏点位置,为常压储罐开罐检测和在线检测提供了又一实际的工程案例。

关键词:储罐泄漏声发射高频导波漏磁Leakage D etection T echnology o f A tm osp h eric Tank FloorChen Lizhi1Ai Jingqi2Dong Jinglong3Wang Ninghui3Xiong Fuhong3(1. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute Beijing 100029)(2. China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau Engineering Co. Ltd Langfang 065000)(3. PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company Renqiu 065700)A bstract Based on an atmospheric tank floor leakage test case and combined with the application of different new nondestructive testing technologies, this paper further demonstrates the feasibility of online acoustic emission testing technology, high-frequency guided wave testing technology and open tank magnetic flux leakage testing technology in the atmospheric tank floor detection. Results show that the tank bottom plate acoustic emission detection found suspicious areas of two suspected leak signal for the next step can review to reduce the detection range, high frequency guided wave detection, magnetic flux leakage testing each lock 1flaw location, the vacuum leakage judgment for the location of the leakage point, It provides another practical test case for open tank test and online test of atmospheric storage tank.K eyw ords Tank leakage Acoustic emission High frequency guided wave Magnetic flux leakage中图分类号:X924 文献标识码:B文章编号:1673-257X(2021)05—0056-05 DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1673-257X .2021.05.012常压储罐是储备危险化学品的重要设备,国家不 断筹建国家石油储备基地m。

教材推荐,转自百度

教材推荐,转自百度

教材推荐,转自百度上面这类教材主要是理工科非物理专业的用的,如果精力有限,看这种就可以了,不会影响后续课程的学习,毕竟理论物理才是更加重要的。

如果想要扎实的基础,需要看一些Honors的普通物理教材,主要是力学和电磁学需要足够的训练,但也不应该花费过多的精力,尤其对业余自学的人。

力学Kleppner and Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics.以前有人发帖说赵剀华的力学“技术性”太差,这本Honors course的经典著作应该可以弥补吧!Howard Georgi在Harvard主讲了多年的力学课程textbook目录下是David Morin写的课本,免费下载,每学期更新。

lectures里面Georgi的讲义也很详细。

开课的学期(秋季)还有录象下载(,不要密码,无IP和限制!),可惜现在没有了,看下个学期运气吧。

热学这部分在普通物理中地位相对比较次要,主要内容会在以后统计物理中学习。

E. Fermi, Thermodynamics.140页的精致小书,很快可以看完,没有统计物理的内容。

Tipler的热学部分.有初步的气体动理论(统计物理)。

电磁学Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd edition.米国Honors电磁学课程很少有不用这本书的。

这是当年Berkeley教程中唯一一本还没有停版的。

振动与波(包含光学)在国内机械波一般在力学中讲,电磁波一般在光学中讲授,国外多数是放在专门的波动课程里教的。

Howard Georgi, The Physics of Waves.听的名字是如雷贯耳,但是这本书很少用作教材,据说是因为太难。

Frank S. Crawford, Jr., Waves.Berkeley教程中的一种,图书馆要是没有英文版至少也该有中译本。

A. French, Vibrations andWaves + Eugene Hecht, Optics, 4th edition.第一本讲机械震动和机械波的,第二本是光学,组合起来基本上是完整的(普通)波动理论。

基于伴随仿真的偏振复用超构透镜

基于伴随仿真的偏振复用超构透镜
Abstract: Polarization imaging technology has important application value in target detection, biomedicine, and other fields, but traditional polarization imaging systems suffer from complex structures, large volume,
基于伴随仿真的偏振复用超构透镜 刘永健 张飞 谢婷 蒲明博 赵泽宇 李雄 马晓亮 沈同圣 罗先刚 Polarization-multiplexed metalens enabled by adjoint optimization LIU Yong-jian, ZHANG Fei, XIE Ting, PU Ming-bo, ZHAO Ze-yu, LI Xiong, MA Xiao-liang, SHEN Tong-sheng, LUO Xian-gang
引用本文: 刘永健,张飞,谢婷,蒲明博,赵泽宇,李雄,马晓亮,沈同圣,罗先刚. 基于伴随仿真的偏振复用超构透镜[J]. 中国光学, 2021, 14(4): 754-763. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0035 LIU Yong-jian, ZHANG Fei, XIE Ting, PU Ming-bo, ZHAO Ze-yu, LI Xiong, MA Xiao-liang, SHEN Tong-sheng, LUO Xiangang. Polarization-multiplexed metalens enabled by adjoint optimization[J]. Chinese Optics, 2021, 14(4): 754-763. doi: 10.37188/CO.2021-0035

机械工程专业英语词汇

机械工程专业英语词汇

radial 径向的radial acceleration 径向加速度radial component 径向分量radial cross section 径向截面radial distribution function 径向分布函数radial expansion 径向膨胀radial extent 径向伸长radial flow 径向怜radial flow turbine 径两涡轮radial force 径向力radial load 径向负荷radial mode 径向模式radial motion 径向运动radial oscillation 径向振荡radial oscillation frequency 径向振荡频率radial stress 径向应力radial velocity 径向速度radially homogeneous field 径向均匀场radian 弧度radian frequency 角频率radiance 辐射率radiating heat 辐射热radiation 辐射radiation absorption 辐射吸收radiation energy 辐射能radiation flux 辐射通量radiation gasdynamics 辐射气体动力学radiation law 辐射定律radiation potential 辐射势radiation pressure 辐射压力radiation temperature 辐射温度radiation tensor 辐射张量radiator 散热器radio controlled 无线电控制的radio guided 无线电控制的radiometric force 辐射力radius 半径radius of curvature 曲率半径radius of gyration 惯性半径radius of inertia 惯性半径radius of second curvature 第二曲率半径radius vector 矢径rail section 钢轨剖面ram 撞凰ram jet 冲压式喷气发动机rammer 撞凰random action 随机酌random drift 随机漂移random load 随机载荷random process 随机过程random pulse 随机脉冲random storm wave 随机风暴波random variable 随机变量random vibration 随机振动random walk 随机游动range 范围range distribution 射程分布range of alternating stresses 交变应力范围range of explosion 爆炸范围range of linearity 线性范围range of measurement 测量范围range of pulse repetition frequency 脉冲重复频率范围range of the projection 投射距离range reduction 射程减缩range spectrum 射程谱range velocity relation 射程速度关系rankine body 兰金固体rankine hugoniot relation 兰金雨贡纽关系rankine's theory 兰金理论rankine's vortex 兰金涡流rapid 快的rapid analysis 快速分析rapid cooling 快速冷却rapid flow 急流rapid heating 快速加热rapidity 速度rapids 急流rare gas 稀有气体rare gas configuration 稀有气体构形rarefactional shock 稀疏激波rarefactional wave 稀疏波rarefied air 稀薄空气rarefied gas dynamics 稀薄气体动力学rate 比率rate action 导数酌rate action control 速率控制rate constant 速率常数rate gyroscope 速率陀螺仪rate of advance 前进速度rate of combustion 燃烧速度rate of crack propagation 裂纹传播速率rate of descent 下降速度rate of fall 降落速率rate of flow 量rate of heat removal 散热速率rate of strain field 应变速率场rate of strain tensor 应变速率张量rate of stream flow 河水量rate of transformation 转变速度rate response 速率响应rated horsepower 额定马力rated load 额定负载rated output 额定输出rated power 额定输出rated speed 额定速度rated value 额定值ratio 比ratio by weight 重量比ratio of similitude 相似比rational continuum mechanics 理性连续介质力学rayleigh criterion 瑞利判据rayleigh criterion of stability 瑞利稳定性判据rayleigh distribution 瑞利分布rayleigh number 瑞利数rayleigh ritz method 瑞利里兹法rayleigh scattering coefficient 瑞利散射系数rayleigh taylor instability 瑞利泰勒不稳定性rayleigh taylor stability 瑞利泰勒稳定性rayleigh wave 瑞利波reaction 反力reaction dynamics 反应动力学reaction enthalpy 反应焓reaction force 反力reaction kinetics 反应动力学reaction moment 反酌矩reaction nozzle 反酌喷嘴reaction of constraints 约束力reaction pressure 反压reaction principle 反酌原理reaction propulsion 反酌推进reaction threshold 反酌阈reaction turbine 反唤水轮机reactive wave 反酌波reactivity oscillation 反应性振荡reactor noise 堆噪声reading error 读数误差readjustment 重调real axis 实轴real gas 真实气体real liguid 真实液体real value 实值rear stagnation point 后驻点rearrangement 重排reattachment of flow 气临附reattachment of the jet 射临附rebound 回跳rebound elasticity 回弹性recession curve 下降曲线rechardson number 理查森数reciprocal action 相互酌reciprocal depths 倒易深度reciprocal strain ellipsoid 倒易应变椭球reciprocal theorem 互易定理reciprocating motion 往复运动reciprocating pump 活塞泵reciprocity principle 倒易原理recoil 反冲recoil energy 反冲能量recoil force 反冲力recoil impulse 反冲脉冲recoil length 反冲长度recoil particle 反冲粒子recoil spectrum 反冲谱recoilless 无反冲的recombination 复合recombination resistance 复合阻力reconversion 再转换recording anemometer 自记风速计recovery 回复recovery creep 回复蠕变recovery curve 回复曲线recovery effect 回复效应recovery of shape 形状复原recovery rate 恢复速率rectangular beam 矩形梁rectangular coordinates 直角座标rectangular plate 矩形板rectangular wave 方形波rectilinear 直线的rectilinear motion 直线运动recurrence 循环recurrence rate 复现率reduced buckling length 折合纵向弯曲长度reduced factor of stress concentration 应力集中因数reduced length 折合长度reduced mass 约化质量reduced modulus 约化模量reduced moment of inertia 约化转动惯量reduced period 折合周期reduced pressure 换算压力reduced stress 等效应力reduced temperature 换算温度reduced velocity 换算速度reducing valve 减压阀reduction 减少reduction in load 减少负荷reduction method 还原法reduction of cross section 断面收缩率reduction of pressure 压力下降reduction per pass 每道次压下量reduction ratio 减速比redundant bar 多余杆件redundant direction 超静定方向redundant member 多余杆件redundant reaction 剩余反力reed frequency 簧片频率reed frequency meter 振动片式频率计reentry 再进入reference frame acceleration 参考系加速度reference frame velocity 参考系速度reference line 参考线reference plane 参考平面reference point 参考点reference system 参考系reference temperature 参考温度refinement 细微reflected energy 反射能量reflected wave 反射波reflecting surface 反射面reflection 反射reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection method 镜象法reflux 回流refraction 折射refractive index 折射率refractory material 耐火材料regime 状态regime of flight 飞行状态regime of winds 风况region 域register 寄存器regression model 回归模型regular function 正规函数regular precession 正规旋进regular reflection 正反射regular wave 规则波regulating valve 第阀regulation 蝶reheat 再热reinforced composite 增强复合材料reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced plastics 强化塑料reinforcement 加强reinforcement plate 加强板reinforcement tube 加强管reinforcer 加强件reinforcing material 加强材料reinforcing ring 加强环reissner theory 瑞斯纳理论relative acceleration 相对加速度relative aperture 相对孔径relative consistency 相对相容性relative deformation 相对变形relative displacement 相对位移relative equilibrium 相对平衡relative error 相对误差relative flow 相对怜relative flying height 相对飞行高度relative frequency 相对频率relative hardness 相对硬度relative height 相对高度relative humidity 相对湿度relative mixing length 相对混合长度relative motion 相对运动relative orientation 相对取向relative pressure 相对压力relative rest 相对静止relative roughness 相对糙度relative speed of wind 相对风速relative stiffness 相对刚度relative velocity 相对速度relative viscosity 相对粘度relative vorticity 相对涡度relativistic dynamics 相对论动力学relativistic hydrodynamics 相对论铃动力学relativistic mechanics 相对论力学relativistic velocity 相对论性速度relaxation 弛豫relaxation behavior 弛豫特性relaxation coefficient 弛豫系数relaxation diagram 弛豫图relaxation equation 弛豫方程relaxation frequency 弛豫频率relaxation method 弛豫法relaxation model 弛豫模型relaxation modulus 弛豫模量relaxation oscillation 弛豫振荡relaxation phenomenon 弛豫现象relaxation rate 弛豫速率relaxation spectrum 弛豫谱relaxation strength 弛豫强度relaxation test 驰豫试验relaxation theory 弛豫理论relaxation time 弛豫时间relaxation time tensor 弛豫时间张量relaxing gel 弛豫凝胶release 释放reliability 可靠性reliability analysis 可靠性分析reliability design 可靠性设计relief annealing 消除应力退火relieving of stress 消除应力reluctance 磁阻remote 遥远的remote control 远距控制remote instrument 测远计repeated load 反复载荷repeated load impact test 反复冲辉验repeated stress 反复应力repeated torsion test 扭曲疲劳试验repercussion 回冲击反撞repetition frequency 重复频率repetition period 重复周期repetition rate 复现率reproducibility 再现性repulsion 推斥repulsive center 斥力中心repulsive energy 排斥能repulsive force 斥力repulsive potential 排斥势reserve 储备reservoir 贮水槽residual deformation 残余应变residual elongation 永久伸长residual error 残差residual head 剩余压头residual heat 余热residual liquid 剩余熔液residual loss 剩余损耗residual pressure 剩余压力residual range 剩余射程residual resistance 剩余阻力residual spectrum 剩余谱residual strain 残余应变residual strength 残余强度residual stress 残余庞力residual thermal radiation 剩余热辐射residual unbalance 剩余失衡residue 残数resilience 弹性能resin column 尸柱resinoid 热固尸resistance 阻力resistance coefficient 阻抗系数resistance derivative 阻力导数resistance force 阻力resistance head 阻力水头resistance line 支承线resistance of air 空气阻力resistance of break wave 碎波阻力resistance of materials 材料强度resistance strain gage 电阻应变计resistance to abrasion 耐磨性resistance to bending 抗弯强度resistance to buckling 抗屈曲强度resistance to contraction 抗收缩力resistance to flexure 抗弯强度resistance to impact 耐冲辉resistance to motion 运动阻力resistance to shock 耐冲辉resistance to shrinking 抗收缩力resistance to twisting 抗扭强度resistance to vibration 耐振性resistance wave 阻力波resistanceless motion 无阻力运动resisting force 阻力resisting moment 阻抗力矩resojet engine 脉动式喷气发动机resolution 分解resolution of forces 力的分解resolving power 分辨能力resonance 共振resonance absorption 共振吸收resonance absorption energy 共振吸收能量resonance absorption spectrum 共振吸收谱resonance amplitude 谐振振幅resonance condition 共振条件resonance criterion 共振判据resonance curve 谐振曲线resonance curye 共振曲线resonance effect 共振效应resonance energy 共振能量resonance excitation 共振激励resonance frequency 共振频率resonance heating 共振加热resonance interaction 共振相互酌resonance method 共振法resonance moment 共振矩resonance peak 共振峰值resonance phenomenon 共振现象resonance potential 共振势resonance region 共振范围resonance screen 共振筛resonance spectrum 共振谱resonance structure 共振结构resonance surface 共振面resonance velocity 共振速度resonance wave 共振波resonance wavelength 共振波长resonant angular frequency 共振角频率resonator 共振器共鸣器respiratory quotient 呼吸比response 响应response analysis 响应分析response curve 响应曲线response spectrum 响应谱rest 静止;中心架rest energy 静能rest mass 静质量restitution 恢复restitution coefficient 恢复系数restoration constant 复原常数restoring force 回复力restoring moment 复原力矩restoring torque 复原力矩restrained beam 固定端梁restrained motion 约束运动restraining force 约束力restraining moment 约束力矩restrict 限制restricted motion 受限运动restricted three body problem 限制性三体问题resultant 结式resultant acceleration 合成加速度resultant damping 合成阻尼resultant force 净力resultant motion 合成运动resultant velocity 净速度resulting torque 净转矩retardation 减速retardation angle 滞后角retardation pressure 制动压力retardation spectrum 滞后谱retardation time 迟延时间retarded elasticity 延迟弹性retarded field 推迟场retarded motion 减速运动retarded potential 推迟势retarded wave 滞后波retarding field 减速场retarding field oscillations 减速场振荡retarding field potential 减速场势retarding force 减速力retarding moment 减速力矩retarding torque 制动转矩retention time 停留时间retraction stress 收缩应力reversible change 可逆变化reversible cycle 可逆循环reversible machine 可逆机reversible pendulum 可逆摆reversible process 可逆过程reversing gear 回动装置reversing lever 回动杆reversing mechanism 回动装置revolution 回转revolutions per minute 每分钟转数revolving axle 回转轴revolving screen 回转筛rewetting 再湿润reynolds analogue 雷诺相似reynolds analogy factor 雷诺相似因数reynolds equation 雷诺方程reynolds experiment 雷诺实验reynolds number 雷诺数reynolds slip 雷诺滑移reynolds stress 雷诺应力reynolds stress model 雷诺应力模型reynolds stress tensor 雷诺应力张量rheodynamics 龄动力学rheograph 龄记录仪rheological equation 龄学方程rheology 龄学rheonomic constraint 非定常约束rheonomous 非稳恒的rheopexy 震凝性rheoviscometer 铃粘度计rheoviscometry 铃粘度测量法rhombic bisphenoid 菱形四面体rhombic system 斜方晶系rhombus 菱形rib 肋ribbed plate 加强板ribbed shell 肋形壳riemann wave 黎曼波riemann's invariant 黎曼不变量riemann's theorem 黎曼定理right hand helix 右旋螺线right hand rule 右手定则right handed rotation 右向旋转right twisted helix 右旋螺线rigid arch 刚拱rigid body 刚体rigid body displacement 刚体位移rigid body pendulum 刚体摆rigid connection 刚性联接rigid construction 刚性结构rigid dynamics 刚体动力学rigid fixing 刚性固定rigid foundation 刚性基础rigid frame 刚架rigid joint 刚节点rigid motion 刚体运动rigid perfectly plastic 理想刚塑性的rigid plastic theory 刚塑性理论rigid point of support 刚性支点rigid porous flow 刚性渗流rigid rotation 刚性转动rigid rotor 刚性转子rigid support 刚性支承rigidity 刚度rigidity coefficient 刚度系数rigidity matrix 刚度矩阵rigidity modulus 剪切模量rigorous solution 严格解ring 环ring vibrator 环形振子ring vortex 环形涡流ripple 涟波rise 上升rise time 上升时间ritz method 里茨法rivet joint 铆接rivlin ericksen tensor 里夫林埃里克森张量robot 机扑robot dynamics 机扑动力学robotics 机扑工程学robust test 稳健检验rock burst 岩爆rock deformation 岩石变形rock mechanics 岩石力学rock movement 岩石移动rock permeability 岩石渗透性rock pressure 岩石压力rock stream 岩石流rocket dynamics 火箭动力学rocket flight 火箭飞行rocket fuel 火箭燃料rocket motion 火箭运动rocket propulsion 火箭推进rocket stage 火箭的级rocketry 火箭技术rocking 摇摆rocking lever 摇杆rocking suspension 摆式悬挂rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度rockwell hardness test 洛氏硬度试验rod 杆rod bracing tie 联杆rodrigue parameters 罗德里格参数roentgen rays x 射线roll angle 倾侧角roll wave 滚动波roller bearing 滚轴支座roller contact 滚柱接触roller support 滚柱支座rolling 滚动;横摇rolling circle 滚动圆rolling friction 滚动摩擦rolling friction torque 滚动摩擦力矩rolling load 滚动载荷rolling moment 滚动力矩rolling moment coefficient 滚动力矩系数rolling pendulum 滚摆rolling pressure 轧制压力rolling reduction 压下量rolling resistance 滚动阻力rolling surface 滚动表面roof 屋顶roof truss 屋顶架room temperature 室温root locus method 根轨迹法root mean square 均方根root mean square fluctuation 均方根涨落root mean square speed 均方根速率root of blade 叶根rope 钢索rope friction 绳甩擦rope tension 绳张力rosette 插座rossby number 罗斯比数rossby wave 罗斯比波rosseland mean 罗塞兰德平均rotary blower 回转鼓风机rotary compressor 旋转压缩机rotary force 旋转力rotary inertia 转动惯量rotary motion 转动rotary movement 转动rotary stream 旋流rotary valve 回转阀rotary vibration 回转振动rotating 转动的rotating axis 旋转轴rotating axle 旋转轴rotating bending 旋转弯曲rotating coordinate system 转动坐标系rotating disc 转盘rotating fluid 旋转铃rotating force 旋转力rotating screen 回转筛rotating tensor 旋转张量rotating vector 旋转矢量rotation 旋转rotation axis 旋转轴rotation couple 转动力偶rotation energy 转动能rotation motion 旋转运动rotation period 转动周期rotation potential 转动势rotation tensor 旋转张量rotation vibration energy 转动振动能量rotation vibration spectrum 转动振动谱rotational acceleration 旋转加速度rotational compliance 转动顺从性rotational diffusion 转动扩散rotational distortion 旋转畸变rotational entropy 转动熵rotational flow 涡流rotational freedom 转动自由度rotational frequency 转动频率rotational hysteresis 转动滞后rotational impedance 转动阻抗rotational instability 旋转不稳定性rotational invariance 旋转不变性rotational moment 转矩rotational reactance 转动力抗rotational relaxation 转动弛豫rotational resistance 转动阻力rotational spectrum 转动谱rotational speed 旋转速度rotational structure 旋转结构rotational symmetric 旋转对称的rotational viscometer 旋转粘度计rotationally symmetric stress 旋转对称应力rotator 旋转体rotor 转子rotor modulation 螺桨灯rough 粗糙的rough calculation 粗略计算roughness 粗糙度round angle 周角rounded end 铰接端rounded support 铰接支座routh criterion of stability 劳思稳定性判据routh equation 劳思方程routh function 劳思函数routing 航线rubber like elasticity 似橡胶弹性rubbing 擦rudder 方向舵rumble 噪声run off 瘤runner 叶轮running center 活顶尖running coordinate 怜坐标running crack 速移裂纹running out 惯性运动running shaft 旋转轴running water 廉running wave 行波running without load 无负载运转rupture 破裂rupture energy 断裂能量rupture strength 断裂强度rupture stress 断裂应力rupture test 断裂试验rupture work 断裂功。

粒子束尺寸 英语

粒子束尺寸 英语

粒子束尺寸英语Particle Beam SizeParticle accelerators play a crucial role in various scientific and technological fields, from fundamental research in particle physics to medical applications in cancer treatment. One of the essential aspects of particle accelerator design and operation is the control of the particle beam size. The particle beam size refers to the spatial distribution of the particles within the beam, and it is a critical parameter that determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the accelerator's performance.The size of a particle beam is influenced by several factors, including the initial beam characteristics, the design of the accelerator components, and the beam dynamics within the accelerator. The initial beam size is typically determined by the particle source, such as an electron gun or an ion source, and the subsequent focusing and shaping of the beam using electromagnetic fields.As the particles travel through the accelerator, their trajectories are affected by various forces, such as the electromagnetic fields generated by the accelerator components and the interactionsbetween the particles themselves. These interactions can lead to the growth or reduction of the beam size, depending on the specific design of the accelerator.One of the primary factors that determine the beam size is the emittance of the particle beam. Emittance is a measure of the phase-space volume occupied by the particles in the beam, and it is a fundamental property of the beam that is preserved during the acceleration process. The lower the emittance, the smaller the beam size, and vice versa.To achieve a small beam size, accelerator designers often employ various techniques to minimize the emittance of the particle beam. This can include the use of specialized particle sources, such as photocathode electron guns or high-brightness ion sources, as well as the careful design of the accelerator's focusing and steering elements.Another important factor that affects the beam size is the energy of the particles. As the particles gain energy during the acceleration process, their trajectories become more focused due to the relativistic effects. This phenomenon, known as relativistic focusing, can lead to a reduction in the beam size as the particles reach higher energies.However, the control of the beam size is not a simple task, as there are often competing factors that need to be balanced. For example, the desire for a small beam size may conflict with the need to maintain a high beam current or to accommodate the physical limitations of the accelerator components.To address these challenges, accelerator designers employ a range of techniques and technologies to optimize the beam size. This can include the use of advanced beam diagnostic tools, such as beam profile monitors and emittance measurement devices, to precisely characterize the beam properties. Additionally, the use of sophisticated computer simulations and modeling tools can help accelerator designers predict and optimize the beam size throughout the accelerator.In recent years, the demand for smaller and more precise particle beams has driven the development of new accelerator technologies and techniques. For instance, the emergence of advanced particle sources, such as high-brightness electron guns and laser-driven ion sources, has enabled the production of particle beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness.Furthermore, the development of specialized beam manipulation techniques, such as emittance exchange and beam cooling, has allowed for the further reduction of the beam size and theoptimization of the beam's properties for specific applications.In conclusion, the control of the particle beam size is a critical aspect of particle accelerator design and operation. By understanding the factors that influence the beam size and employing advanced techniques and technologies, accelerator designers can optimize the performance of particle accelerators and enable a wide range of scientific and technological applications.。

液滴撞击微结构疏水表面的动态特性

液滴撞击微结构疏水表面的动态特性

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2016年第35卷第12期·3818·化 工 进 展液滴撞击微结构疏水表面的动态特性施其明,贾志海,林琪焱(上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093)摘要:对去离子水滴撞击不同几何尺寸显微结构方柱和方孔状疏水表面的动态特性进行了研究。

结果表明:当液滴以不同速度撞击微方柱疏水表面时,液滴展现铺展和回缩过程,且随着韦伯数(We 数)增大,最大铺展直径增大,并伴随卫星液滴出现,但到达最大铺展直径的时间一致;而当液滴以相同的速度(We 数相同)撞击间距不同的微方柱疏水表面时,液滴的最大铺展直径随着间距的增大而减小,且铺展过程会液滴浸润状态变得不稳定,发生由Cassie 向Wenzel 状态的浸润转变。

当微方柱间距较小时,液滴受到的黏附功越小,越易发生向Cassie 状态的转变;液滴撞击微方孔疏水表面时,液滴以规则的圆环状向外铺展和回缩,最后呈现近似规则的椭球状,不会发生向Wenzel 状态的浸润转变,利用建立的物理模型对前述现象进行了分析。

关键词:水滴;撞击;表面;显微结构;不稳定性中图分类号:TQ 051.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000–6613(2016)12–3818–07 DOI :10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.12.012Dynamic behavior of droplets impacting on microstructuredhydrophobic surfacesSHI Qiming ,JIA Zhihai ,LIN Qiyan(School of Energy and Power Engineering ,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ,Shanghai 200093,China )Abstract :The dynamic behavior of droplets impacting on micropillared and micropored surfaces was investigated in this paper. The results showed that when the droplet impacted on the micropillared surface ,the droplet appeared the spreading and retraction processes. With the increase of Weber number (We ),the spreading diameter increased. Meanwhile ,the satellite droplets appeared. However ,the time to reach the maximum spreading diameter was the same. When the droplet with the same velocity (the same We ) impacted on micropillared surfaces with different pitch between micro pillars ,the maximum spreading diameter decreased with the increase of the pitch ,and the wetting state was instability. The wetting state transited from the Cassie state to the Wenzel state during the spreading process. When the pitch was small ,The smaller the adhesion work is ,the more likely to occur to the Cassie state. Moreover ,the dynamic behaviors of a droplet impacting on micropored hydrophobic surfaces were compared with the micropillared surfaces. The droplet was spreading and retracting on micropored surfaces. In the impacting process ,the wetting state did not transit into the Wenzel state. The phenomenon was analyzed by using the established physical model. Key words :droplets ;impact ;surface ;microstructure ;instability联系人:贾志海,博士,副教授,研究方向为先进功能材料在能源动力工程领域中的应用以及强化传热与节能等。

冲击响应谱在卫星运输冲击响应分析中的应用

冲击响应谱在卫星运输冲击响应分析中的应用

Vol. 41, No. 2航 天 器 环 境 工 程第 41 卷第 2 期138SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING2024 年 4 月https:// E-mail: ***************Tel: (010)68116407, 68116408, 68116544冲击响应谱在卫星运输冲击响应分析中的应用陈 夜,冯彦军,郑鸣轩,顾莉莉,周徐斌(上海卫星工程研究所,上海 201109)摘要:卫星运输过程中的动力学环境存在一定的随机性与不确定性,给卫星的安全运输带来隐患。

目前工程上尚未形成通用化的卫星运输仿真方法,也未制定指导性的运输分析力学环境条件。

文章提取卫星运输过程中经常出现的2种典型斜坡形式的冲击信号,基于ABAQUS软件建立卫星与运输支撑工装的有限元模型,分别开展了瞬态响应与冲击响应谱分析。

结果表明,相比于瞬态响应分析,冲击响应谱分析节约了95%的运算量,且分析偏差在17%以内,并能够实现对响应最大情况的包络,可更好地满足工程上对仿真分析快速且准确的需求。

关键词:卫星运输;动力学环境;冲击响应;仿真分析;有限元建模中图分类号:V414.3+3文献标志码:A文章编号:1673-1379(2024)02-0138-06 DOI: 10.12126/see.2023143Application of shock response spectrum in analysis ofsatellite transportation shock responseCHEN Ye, FENG Yanjun, ZHENG Mingxuan, GU Lili, ZHOU Xubin(Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 201109, China)Abstract: The dynamics environment during satellite transportation exhibits some randomness and uncertainty, which may bring hidden troubles to the safety of satellite transportation. At present, there is neither universal satellite transportation simulation method in engineering nor guiding mechanical environmental conditions for transportation analysis. In this paper, two typical ramp shock signals that can often be caught during satellite transportation were extracted, and finite element model of satellite and its support structure for transportation was established based on ABAQUS software. The analyses of transient response and shock response spectrum (SRS) were conducted respectively. The results show that, compared with transient response analysis, SRS analysis saves 95% of the computing load with a deviation of not more than 17%, as well as implements an envelop for the maximum stress response, indicating that SRS analysis may better meet the demand of fast and accurate simulation in satellite engineering practice.Keywords: satellite transportation; dynamics environment; shock response; simulation analysis; finite element modeling收稿日期:2023-09-12;修回日期:2024-03-17基金项目:上海市科技计划项目之扬帆专项资助项目(编号:23YF1444800)引用格式:陈夜, 冯彦军, 郑鸣轩, 等. 冲击响应谱在卫星运输冲击响应分析中的应用[J]. 航天器环境工程, 2024, 41(2): 138-143CHEN Y, FENG Y J, ZHENG M X, et al. Application of shock response spectrum in analysis of satellite transportation shock response[J]. Spacecraft Environment Engineering, 2024, 41(2): 138-1430 引言卫星在研制周期中经历吊装、试验、运输及发射等过程,需要承受多种形式力学环境的考验。

非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表

非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
•Laser beam
•What happens if we replace the ultra-cold atom with the BEC?
非线性混沌现象及其在 激光原子相互作用和玻 色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
2021/1/4
非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互 作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
•概要 •1、非线性动力学混沌现象简介 • 保守系统的混沌 • 耗散系统的混沌 • 量子混沌 •2、应用于强激光的原子电离 •3、应用于波色---爱因斯坦凝聚体 •4、应用于纳米材料(如有时间)
非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互 作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
一、非线性系统的混沌现象
• 保守系统与耗散系统 区别点
相体积收缩与否
相同点
•混沌轨道有李雅谱诺夫指数描述
非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互 作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
•保守系统的标准映象
非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互 作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
hing
•Chirped pulse amplification
非线性混沌现象及其在激光原子相互 作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
强激光场中的原子----引言
• 近些年来,强场与原子相互作用问题引起人们的广泛 关注。这主要由于在过去几十年里激光技术和实验技 术的飞速发展使得①电磁场强度与库仑场(原子玻尔半 径处)在同.一量级(甚至超过);②可以非常精确地测 量光电子的能量及角分布等物理量。
作用和玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中的表
What is BECs good for
• Too new and we know too little • Potential application: Sensitive
measurement, tiny instrument, atom laser, quantum information, etc.
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a r X i v :a s t r o -p h /0501192v 1 11 J a n 2005ON DYNAMICS OF RELATIVISTIC SHOCK WA VES WITH LOSSES IN GAMMA-RAY BURST SOURCESE.V .Derishev,Vl.V .Kocharovsky,K.A.MartiyanovInstitute of Applied Physics46Ulyanov st.,603950Nizhny Novgorod,Russiamca1@appl.sci-nnov.ruAbstractGeneralization of the self-similar solution for ultrarelativistic shock waves (Bland-ford &McKee,1976)is obtained in presence of losses localized on the shock front or distributed in the downstream medium.It is shown that there are two qualitatively different regimes of shock deceleration,corresponding to small and large losses.We present the temperature,pressure and density distributions in the downstream fluid as well as Lorentz factor as a function of distance from the shock front.Keywords:relativistic shock waves,gamma-ray burstsIntroductionThe progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)are believed to produce highly relativistic shocks at the interface between the ejected material and ambient medium (see,e.g.,Meszaros,2002;Piran,2004for review).Non-thermal spectra and short duration of GRBs place a firm lower limit to the bulk Lorentz factor of radiating plasma,which must exceed a few hundred to avoid the com-pactness problem (e.g.,Baring &Harding,1995).Consider a relativistic spherical blast wave expanding into a uniform ambi-ent medium with the Lorentz factor Γ∼300.The average energy per baryon in the fluid comoving frame behind the shock front is of the order of Γm p c 2(Taub,1948),where m p is proton mass,and the plasma in the downstream presumably forms a non-thermal particle distribution extending up to very high energies.Under these conditions,medium downstream is subject to vari-ous loss processes.The non-thermal electrons produce synchrotron radiation,which accounts for GRB afterglow emission,and (at least partially)for the prompt emission.Apart from the synchrotron radiation of charged particles there is another mechanism of energy and momentum losses connected with inelastic interactions of energetic protons with photons.These reactions cause2proton-neutron conversion as a result of charged pion creation.It should be no-ticed that for typical interstellar density the Coulomb collisions are inefficient and the charged particles instead interact collectively through the magnetic field.This allows to describe plasma motion using hydrodynamical approach, though it can break for a small fraction of the most energetic particles.When a proton turns into a neutron or another neutral particle is born,it does not interact with the magneticfield and hence the energy spent for its creation is lost from the hydrodynamical point of view.The synchrotron and inverse Compton emission,as well as energetic photons,neutrinos and neu-trons produced via photopionic reactions,escape from downstream giving rise to non-zero divergence of the energy-momentum tensor.The creation of en-ergetic neutrons is also afirst step in the production of highest-energy cosmic rays through the converter mechanism(Derishev et al.,2003).Ejection from the GRB progenitor of a mass M0with initial Lorentz factor Γ0results in two shocks propagating asunder from the contact discontinuity. The forward shock moves into the external gas and has a much greater com-pression ratio at its front than the other,reverse shock,which passes through the ejected matter.As the shocked external gas has a temperature much higher than that in the vicinity of the reverse shock,we neglect the losses in the ejecta.We discuss two models.In thefirst one we assume the energy losses to be localized close to the shock front,whereas the matter downstream the shock is considered lossless.In another model the shock front is treated as non-dissipative and the losses are distributed all over the shocked gas.Following the recipe of Blandford and McKee(1976)we generalize their well-known self-similar solutions for relativistic blast waves for the case,where the energy and momentum of the relativisticfluid is carried away by various species of neutral particles.Self-similar solutionsWe start from the energy-momentum continuity equations,where in the case of distributed losses a non-zero r.h.s.is included:∂T00r2∂(r2T0r)c∂t+1∂r−2pRELATIVISTIC SHOCK WAVES WITH LOSSES IN GRB SOURCES3χ.the downstream medium and decreasing with time as t−1.Short-dashed lines are for the case of localized losses withδ=η=0.The solid line—solution of Blandford and McKee(1976).In the case of localized losses we treat them as discontinuities of the energy, momentum and particle numberfluxes at the shock front,which are character-ized by three parametersε,δ,ηequal to the fractions of correspondingfluxes lost at the shock front in the front comoving frame.We obtain the following expressions for the pressure p2,number density n2and the Lorentz factorγ2 immediately behind the shock front:p2=22ξ2Γ2,n2=2√2(1−δ)ξ2 1+ √ξ24To find a self-similar solution we assume Γ2=t −m and introduce the simi-larity variable χ=ct −rct ,α=const ,but they also exist for non-uniformdistributions of losses if α=α(χ).The velocity,pressure and particle density are found in terms of variables Γ,χ.From the energy balance equation we find that the power law index m is in the range 3≤m ≤6.There are two regions in the parameter space where the solutions are qualitatively different.In the case of small losses,α<3or ε+2−√14δ<1+2−√14,the index m rises from 3to 6as the losses increase.The pressure,Lorentz factor and number density of the downstream are pro-portional to powers of the similarity variable whose indices are different from those in the solution of Blandford and McKee (1976).On the contrary,large losses lead to the universal deceleration law of the shock:m is equal to 6.The problem is fully integrable but solutions can not be written as explicit.In the high-loss solutions there appears an expanding spherical cavity bounded by the contact discontinuity and the temperature at its edge tends to infinity.The solutions obtained are presented in Fig.1.ConclusionWe have analyzed the dynamics of relativistic shock wave with losses due to escape of neutral particles from plasma flow.Both for localized and for dis-tributed losses there are self-similar solutions,which are different from those found previously for lossless case.We find that increasing of the losses change the dynamics of the shock deceleration qualitatively.In the case of small losses,the role of ejected material asymptotically vanishes and the Lorentz factor of the shock decreases as t −m with m varying from 1,5(no losses)to 3.In the opposite case of large losses,the shock decelerates in accordance with universal law Γ∼t −3and the energy content in the ejecta constitutes a significant fraction of the total energy budget.Also,in the presence of large losses,the temperature and the Lorentz factor of the fluid behind the shock can be non-monotonic functions of distance from the shock.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the RFBR grants nos.02-02-16236and 04-02-16987,the President of the Russian Federation Program for Support of Leading Scientific Schools (grant no.NSh-1744.2003.2),and the program "Nonstation-ary Phenomena in Astronomy"of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science. E.V .Derishev acknowledges the support from the Russian Science Support Foundation.RELATIVISTIC SHOCK WAVES WITH LOSSES IN GRB SOURCES5 ReferencesBaring,M.G.;Harding,A.K.,1995,Adv.Sp.Res.15(5),p.153-156Blandford R.D.,and McKee C.F.,1976,Phys.Fluids19,1130.Derishev,E.V.;Aharonian,F.A.;Kocharovsky,V.V.;Kocharovsky,Vl.V.,2003,Phys.Rev.D 68,043003Meszaros P.,2002,Ann.Rev.Astron.Astrophys.40,p.137-169Piran,T.,2004,Rev.Mod.Phys.,in press,astro-ph/0405503Taub,A.H.,1948,Phys.Rev.74,p.328。

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