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5-2 外文文献翻译

5-2 外文文献翻译

外文参考文献与翻译

1、外文原文

Analysis on the model of Chinese foreign trade

This paper clarified contact actual implementation in China shall actively future import substitution and export-oriented strategy model combining the compound in view, and expounds the select and implement the strategic mode of economic exhibition should consider the problem.

A country's foreign economic development strategy mode can be summarized as import substitution and export-oriented two basic modes of population, the market in China, its large capacity development space, but also vast exist, and per capita underdeveloped productivity development and utilization of natural resources are limited and economic efficiency, low enough and limited capital accumulation restraints. This kind of situation determines that China cannot implement single import-substituted strategy, also cannot implement single export-oriented strategy should be implemented, and import substitution and export-oriented combination of complex strategy, can we make full use of and development of domestic and foreign two resources and markets, to better achieve strategic balance and China's economic development goals.

外文翻译及外文原文(参考格式)

外文翻译及外文原文(参考格式)

外文翻译要求:

1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关,译文准确、质量好。

2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料,完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译

3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供,外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。

4、排序:“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。

5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。

下页附:外文翻译与原文参考格式

2

英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)

外文原文出处:(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍,译文后附上外文原文)

《ASHRAE Handbook —Refrigeration 》.CHAPTER3 .SYSTEM Practices for ammonia 3.1 System Selection 3.2 Equipment

3.10 Reciprocating Compressors

第3章 氨制冷系统的实施

3.1 系统选择

在选择一个氨制冷系统设计时,须要考虑一些设计决策要素,包括是否采用(1)单级压缩(2)带经济器的压缩(3)多级压缩(4)直接蒸发(5)满液式(6)液体再循环(7)载冷剂。

单级压缩系统

基本的单级压缩系统由蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、储液器(假如用的话)和制冷剂控制装置(膨胀阀、浮球阀等)。1997 ASHRAE 手册——“原理篇”中的第一章讨论了压缩制冷循环。

图1.壳管式经济器的布置

外文翻译的标题与译

文中的字体、字号、行距、页边距等与论文格式相同。

专业英语《外文翻译》也适用于大学生毕业的外文翻译

专业英语《外文翻译》也适用于大学生毕业的外文翻译

嘉兴学院本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译

题目:中国服装企业品牌发展建议

学院名称:设计学院专业班级:服饰161专升本学生姓名:蒋小娇

一、外文原文

原文

Brand Development Suggestions of Chinese Clothing Enterprises

ZHANG Xia

[Abstract] According to the analysis of the current situation and problems of Chinese clothing brand, the corresponding measures are raised from three aspects of brand positioning, brand broadcast and brand extension strategy. Some guidance and reference value is provided for the brand building and upgrading of Chinese clothing brand.

[Key words] Clothing brand; brand positioning; brand broadcast; brand extension strategy

0 Introduction

Along with the rapid development of the country market-oriented economy and technology, Chinese clothing enterprises as the basic industry of the national economy, providing a large number of inexpensive clothing for domestic and foreign markets, is also booming. But in recent years, with the worsening of the international economic situation and domestic economic slowdown in the pace of development, the development of Chinese apparel industry has entered a bottleneck period. Since 2011, with the rising of RMB exchange rate, domestic inflation becoming more and more serious, shrinking of international demand and other unfavorable factors, Chinese garment industry has been affected seriously. Furthermore, confronted with foreign apparel brands flooding the domestic market, domestic brands appearing serious brand homogeneity, brand customer perceived value not high and many other problems as well, Chinese clothing brand, which is at an early period of development, “attacked front and rear”. Therefore, developing and upgrading our country clothing brand image, optimizing the domestic brand market, enhancing competitiveness and improving the international visibility is

外文翻译原文

外文翻译原文

An Analysis of Draw-Wall Wrinkling in a Stamping Die Design Wrinkling is one of the major defects that occur in the sheet metal forming process. For both functional and visual reasons, wrinkles are usually not acceptable in a finished part. There are three types of wrinkle which frequently occur in the sheet metal forming process: flange wrinkling, wall wrinkling, and elastic buckling of the undeformed area owing to residual elastic compressive stresses. In the forming operation of stamping a complex shape, draw-wall wrinkling means the occurrence of wrinkles in the die cavity. Since the sheet metal in the wall area is relatively unsupported by the tool, the elimination of wall wrinkles is more difficult than the suppression of flange wrinkles. It is well known that additional stretching of the material in the unsupported wall area may prevent wrinkling, and this can be achieved in practice by increasing the blank-holder force; but the application of excessive tensile stresses leads to failure by tearing. Hence, the blank-holder force must lie within a narrow range, above that necessary to suppress wrinkles on the one hand, and below that which produces fracture on the other. This narrow range of blank-holder force is difficult to determine. For wrinkles occurring in the central area of a stamped part with a complex shape, a workable range of blank-holder force does not even exist.

外文翻译英语原文编号01

外文翻译英语原文编号01

Vol.25 No.2 PANG Chaoming et al: Methods of Modifying the Brittle (156)

DOI 10.1007/s11595-010-1156-y

Methods of Modifying the Brittle Behavior of

Cementitious Composites

PANG Chaoming1, SUN Wei1, LEUNG Christopher KY2

(1.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Construction Materials, Nanjing 211189,China;

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China SAR)

Abstract: We put forward effective methods of increasing the tensile strain of cementitious

composites with 2% PVA fiber and high fly ash content. The test results show that curing condition has

外文翻译中文译文(附英文原文)

外文翻译中文译文(附英文原文)

对由ansys开发的大型工程模型的降阶

Evgenii B. Rudnyi 和 Jan G. Korvink

IMTEK微控技术研究所

弗赖堡大学

Georges-K ohler-Allee,103

D - 79110,德国弗赖堡

{ rudnyi,korvink } @imtek.de

http://www.imtek.uni-freiburg.de/simulation/

摘要工程师能够在ANSYS开发的有限元模型中运用现有的软件实现现代模型降阶技术。我们着于一个人如何独立的从在ANSYS和C ++上实现的执行模型中提取所需的信息,而不用依靠特别的专业人士,我们将利用与结构力学和热力学有限元模型相关的实例来讨论计算成本。

1.介绍

大型线性动态系统模型降阶已经是相当成熟的领域[1]。许多论文(见参考文献[2])指出,模型降价的优势已在各种科学和工程应用上被证实。我们目前的工作是集中讨论工程师如何将该技术与现有的商业有限元软件相结合,以达到如下目的:

—加快对瞬变电压、谐波的分析;

—自动生成系统级仿真的紧凑模型;

—在设计阶段纳入有限元程序包。

通常大规模动态系统模型降阶第一步如下

Ex˙=Ax+Bu (1.1)

y=Cx

其中A和E是系统矩阵,B是输入矩阵,C是输出矩阵。模型降阶的目的是产生一个低维式以逼近(1.1),Erz=Arz.+Bru

Y=Crz. (1.2)

此式描述了输入向量u对输出向量y的依赖,因此,同一时间降阶后向量z的维数远小于原来x的状态向量维数。

对由偏微分描述的用户模型方程进行空间离散化后,有限元程序包通常产生一个常微分方程系统。在这阶段,它有可能直接适用于模型降阶的方法[1]。然而,从商业包装过的系统矩阵里提取却不是这样,我们将介绍我们是怎么用ANSYS有限元分析做到的[3]。

电气工程及其自动化专业外文文献英文文献外文翻译方面

电气工程及其自动化专业外文文献英文文献外文翻译方面

1、 外文原文(复印件)

A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer

T h e sin gle -ch ip mi c ro co m p u t e r is t h e cu lm in at io n of b ot h t h e d e ve lo p me nt of t h e d ig ita l co m p u t e r a n d t h e i nte g rated c ircu it a rgu ab l y t h e to w mo st s ign if i cant i nve nt i o n s of t h e 20t h c e nt u ry [1].

T h ese to w t yp e s of arch ite ct u re are fo u n d in s in gle -ch ip m i cro co m p u te r. S o m e e mp l oy t h e sp l it p ro gra m /d at a m e m o r y of t h e H a r va rd arch ite ct u re , s h o wn in -5A , ot h e rs fo l lo w t h e p h i lo so p hy, wid e l y ad a p ted fo r ge n e ral -p u rp o se co m p u te rs an d m i cro p ro ce ss o rs , of m a kin g n o l o g i ca l d i st in ct i o n b et we e n p ro gra m an d d ata m e m o r y as in t h e P rin c eto n a rch ite ct u re , sh o wn in -5A.

5外文翻译模板(示例)

5外文翻译模板(示例)

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译

学 院: (用三号楷体,下同) 专 业: 姓 名: 学 号: 外文出处:

附 件: 外文原文(复印件)

(用外文写)

译文标题(三号黑体,居中,单倍行距,段前0.5行;段后1行。)

ZUO Zheyi ,ZUO Zheer (四号Times New Roman ,行距20磅)

(School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin Province, China) (五号Times

New Roman ,行距18磅,居中,段后0.5行,作者简介不用翻译成中文)

摘要:(小四宋体,加粗) 文章摘要,要反映文章主要的技术内容,如研究目的、方法阐述和具体结论,阐明文章的行文脉络及文章的重点即可。说明文章主要内容是什么,分哪几个部分介绍的,最后客观阐述结论或试验结果,不要有个人对研究结果的主观评价和研究背景介绍。 (小四号宋体,1.5倍行距,两端对齐)

关键词:(小四宋体,加粗)油水两相流;经验模式分解;Elman 神经网络 (小四号宋体) 1 一级标题一(小四宋体,加粗,1.5倍行距,段前段后各0.5行) 1.1二级标题(小四宋体,加粗,1.5倍行距,段前段后各0.25行)

正文×××××(小四号宋体,1.5倍行距)××…………。(要求3000~5000汉字) 正文中的公式。

2

2

1

()m

i i ij j E c t dt c ===∑⎰ (1)

其中,ij c ( i =1,2,…,n ,j =1,2,…,m)表示IMF 的离散点的幅值,m 为信号采样点的数目。(公式中涉及的字母所代表的物理量要全部指明。公式所在行单倍行距,右对齐,符号大小在公

外文文献翻译译稿和原文【范本模板】

外文文献翻译译稿和原文【范本模板】

外文文献翻译译稿1

卡尔曼滤波的一个典型实例是从一组有限的,包含噪声的,通过对物体位置的观察序列(可能有偏差)预测出物体的位置的坐标及速度。在很多工程应用(如雷达、计算机视觉)中都可以找到它的身影。同时,卡尔曼滤波也是控制理论以及控制系统工程中的一个重要课题。例如,对于雷达来说,人们感兴趣的是其能够跟踪目标.但目标的位置、速度、加速度的测量值往往在任何时候都有噪声。卡尔曼滤波利用目标的动态信息,设法去掉噪声的影响,得到一个关于目标位置的好的估计.这个估计可以是对当前目标位置的估计(滤波),也可以是对于将来位置的估计(预测),也可以是对过去位置的估计(插值或平滑).

命名[编辑]

这种滤波方法以它的发明者鲁道夫。E。卡尔曼(Rudolph E. Kalman)命名,但是根据文献可知实际上Peter Swerling在更早之前就提出了一种类似的算法。

斯坦利。施密特(Stanley Schmidt)首次实现了卡尔曼滤波器。卡尔曼在NASA埃姆斯研究中心访问时,发现他的方法对于解决阿波罗计划的轨道预测很有用,后来阿波罗飞船的导航电脑便使用了这种滤波器。关于这种滤波器的论文由Swerling(1958)、Kalman (1960)与Kalman and Bucy(1961)发表。

目前,卡尔曼滤波已经有很多不同的实现.卡尔曼最初提出的形式现在一般称为简单卡尔曼滤波器。除此以外,还有施密特扩展滤波器、信息滤波器以及很多Bierman, Thornton开发的平方根滤波器的变种.也许最常见的卡尔曼滤波器是锁相环,它在收音机、计算机和几乎任何视频或通讯设备中广泛存在。

外文翻译

外文翻译

The Strategic Role of Human Resource

Management

Tyson, S

1. Human Resource Management at Work

What Is Human Resource Management

To understand what human resource management is, we should first review what managers do. Most experts agree that there are five basic functions all managers perform' planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. In total, these functions represent the management process. Some of the specific activities involved in each function include:

Planning: Establishing goals and standards; developing rules and procedures; developing plans and forecasting—predicting or projecting some future occurrence.

Organizing: Giving each subordinate a specific task; establishing departments; delegating authority to subordi-nates; establishing channels of authority and communication; coordinating the work of subordinates. Staffing: Deciding what type of people should be hired; recruiting prospective employees; selecting employees; setting performance standards; compensating employees; evaluating performance; counseling employees; training and developing employees.

5外文翻译原文2

5外文翻译原文2

1. Download the zip file from www.xindice.org or apache.org. 2. Unzip the file into a suitable directory. 3. Add the Xindice bin directory into your path. For example, C:\Xindice\xml-xindice-1.0\bin . 4. Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point to the location where the JDK is installed. Remember that you need Sun's Java SDK version 1.3 or higher. 5. Set the XINDICE_HOME environment variable to point to the location where Xindice is installed. For example C:\Xindice\xml-xindice-1.0 6. Add the Xindice.jar file to your CLASSPATH. For example, C:\Xindice\xml-xindice-1.0\java\lib\Xindice.jar. 7. Change to the Xindice directory. For example C:\Xindice\xml-xindice-1.0 8. Type startup on the command line to start the server running on port 4080 9. Go to http://localhost:4080 from your Web browser and view the Xindice Web page Xindice administration Now, you'll perform some basic administration work such as creating a collection. A collection is similar to a table in an RDBMS. A collection could be schema based or non-schema based. Schema based collections need a well-defined XML Schema to begin with. Xindice collections do not need XML Schema. Let's create a collection called partsdb. At the command line, type: xindiceadmin ac -c /db -n partsdb The reply is: Created : /db/partsdb If you try to do the command again, the reply is: ERROR : Collection Duplicated

5000字外文翻译

5000字外文翻译

附录

外文文献原文

1。Introduction

Marketing continues to be a mystery to those who create it and to those who sponsor it. Often,the ad that generates record-breaking volume for a retail store one month is repeated the following month and bombs。A campaign designed by the best Madison Avenue ad agency may elicit mediocre response. The same item sells like hotcakes after a 30—word classified ad,with abominable grammar, appears on page 35 of an all—advertising shopper tossed on the front stoops of homes during a rainstorm! The mystery eludes solution but demands attention。The success of an enterprise and development of enterprises depends to a large extent on whether or not they have advanced,meet the needs of the enterprise marketing strategy. For Marketing is the definition, The well-known American scholar Philips marketing of the core marketing concept of the following description :"Marketing is individuals or groups to create,provide and exchange with other valuable products,to satisfy their own needs and desires of a social activities and management process. " In the core concept contains a number of elements: needs,desires and needs; Products or provide; Value and satisfaction;exchange and transactions;and networking; market; Marketing and sales were a series of concept.

5、外文文献翻译(附原文)产业集群,区域品牌,Industrial cluster ,Regional brand

5、外文文献翻译(附原文)产业集群,区域品牌,Industrial cluster ,Regional brand

外文文献翻译(附原文)

外文译文一:

产业集群的竞争优势——以中国大连软件工业园为例

Weilin Zhao,Chihiro Watanabe,Charla-Griffy-Brown

[J]. Marketing Science,2009(2):123-125.

摘要:本文本着为促进工业的发展的初衷探讨了中国软件公园的竞争优势。产业集群深植于当地的制度系统,因此拥有特殊的竞争优势。根据波特的“钻石”模型、SWOT模型的测试结果对中国大连软件园的案例进行了定性的分析。产业集群是包括一系列在指定地理上集聚的公司,它扎根于当地政府、行业和学术的当地制度系统,以此获得大量的资源,从而获得产业经济发展的竞争优势。为了成功驾驭中国经济范式从批量生产到开发新产品的转换,持续加强产业集群的竞争优势,促进工业和区域的经济发展是非常有必要的。

关键词:竞争优势;产业集群;当地制度系统;大连软件工业园;中国;科技园区;创新;区域发展

产业集群

产业集群是波特[1]也推而广之的一个经济发展的前沿概念。作为一个在全球经济战略公认的专家,他指出了产业集群在促进区域经济发展中的作用。他写道:集群的概念,“或出现在特定的地理位置与产业相关联的公司、供应商和机构,已成为了公司和政府思考和评估当地竞争优势和制定公共决策的一种新的要素。但是,他至今也没有对产业集群做出准确的定义。最近根据德瑞克、泰克拉[2]和李维[3]检查的关于产业集群和识别为“地理浓度的行业优势的文献取得了进展”。“地理集中”定义了产业集群的一个关键而鲜明的基本性质。产业由地区上特定的众多公司集聚而成,他们通常有共同市场、,有着共同的供应商,交易对象,教育机构和其它像知识及信息一样无形的东西,同样地,他们也面临相似的机会和威胁。在全球产业集群有许多种发展模式。比如美国加州的硅谷和马萨诸塞州的128鲁特都是知名的产业集群。前者以微电子、生物技术、和风险资本市场而闻名,而后者则是以软件、计算机和通讯硬件享誉天下[4]。对软件公司为什么倾向于集聚的原因进行了分析,发现聚集特别着重于转会信息和知识的转变方面。[5]事实上,尽管关于产业集群的研究已经通过经济发展、战略管理、知识共享,技术溢出的检验,但是很少有制度系统给产业集群带来的竞争优势进行研究。李维所介绍的, [6]产业集群分为两种类型:垂直整合集群与横向集成集群。第一种集群是“由相关联的买卖关系的产业组成的”,第二种集群是“可能有最终产品的共同市场,使用常见的技术或劳动力技能,或要求相似的自然资源”。[6] 本文所检验的软件工业园所指的是第二种集群类型的一部分。

翻译外文1

翻译外文1

原文题目:《中国私人企业的效益提升来自于克服了金融的约束》

作者:Galina Hale, Cheryl Long

原文出处:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working paper series, January 2011

中国私人企业的效益提升来自于克服了金融的约束

本文主要分析- 私人企业通过何种方法去减少运营资金的需求。另外本文要使用中国私人企业数据分析的数据,去学习和分析私人企业的外部财政与库存率和应收账款的之间关系。总所周知,,平均应收账款水平较低也意味着公司可以尽快回收他们的收益,并且使用这些回收来的收益资金加快公司日常资本运营的能力,因此,减少了对外部资金的依赖。相似的,存货组成了公司绝大部分的日常运用资金,较低的存货意味着公司需要较少的资金来用于日常的资本运营,因此对公司财政的需求也就较少。

首先,我们发现私人企业的应收账款和库存率实际上低于其它类型的企业,即使是包括不同产业,不同地域和不同特点的分类,私人企业还是低于其它类型的企业。紧接着,想说明的是上述的发现是根据通过对横切面(较少的贷款意味着拥有较低的应收账款率)的分析,与固定方面(企业会对他们的应收账款做出巨大调整当他们面临紧缩的贷款时)的分析而得出。而这些分析改变了应收账款与存货率所属区域,并且使用了滞后的价值观去看待财政问题。进一步的说,我们发现企业在上述的区域内会更加依赖于外部财政与应收账款和存活率之间的关系。

所以说一个很重要的问题就被提出来了,较低水平的应收账款和存活率是否就意味着限制了企业的外部财政在实际上低于所需的最佳销售保障水平? 换言之,观察中国私人企业较低的应收账款率和存货率是否指示出其不良的一面:限制了获得外部资金? 一个警示信号又显示,实际上,中国私人企业的应收账款和存货率甚至低于那些被认为是中国企业中最有效能的企业-外资企业。面对这个问题,我们通过在应收账款方面多种多样的非线性的回归估算,衡量企业的盈利能力发现,企业的盈利能力并非受到降低应收账款率而影响。换言之,没有任何证据可以证明,低应收账款就意味着企业会产生较低的盈利能力。

外文翻译原文

外文翻译原文

5.6 The Network Layer in the Internet

Before getting into the specifics of the network layer in the Internet, it is worth taking at look at the principles that drove its design in the past and made it the success that it is today. All too often, nowadays, people seem to have forgotten them. These principles are enumerated and discussed in RFC 1958, which is well worth reading (and should be mandatory for all protocol designers—with a final exam at the end). This RFC draws heavily on ideas found in (Clark, 1988; and Saltzer et al., 1984). We will now summarize what we consider to be the top 10 principles (from most important to least important).

外文翻译原文与译文

外文翻译原文与译文

外文文献翻译译稿1

基于单片机的逆变电源设计

李华傅、何魏、何佳佳

1物理与电子信息学院、云南师范大学、昆明,中国

2物理与电子信息学院,山西师范大学,西安,中国

通讯作者:何魏,电子邮件:he99wei@

关键词:变频调速;逆变器;sg3525;eg8010

摘要:在控制电路中,提高功率和全桥逆变器的水平,第一级助推器使用芯片SG3525的电

路控制,闭环反馈;逆变器部分EG8010完成SPWM调制驱动芯片IR2110全桥逆变器;后级输出采样使用电流互感器反馈,双反馈回路,增加功率的稳定性;具有保护、输出过载、短路保护,过流保护,负载电路保护和多重保护的功能,提高供应的可靠性和安全性;逆变器的功率依赖清洁、高效、可再生的太阳能资源,太阳能光伏电池使用锂电池充电板,pre-24V锂电池电压通过电源转换约400 v直流高电压,然后通过全桥直粱电路400 v电压控制SPWM逆变器是220 v,50 hz交流正弦标准电器的使用。

介绍

根据“中国可再生能源发展战略计划(2006 - 2020)”(草案)指出,中国的未来一代容量规划目标:到2020年可再生能源的总装机容量1.21×108千瓦,总太阳能光伏装机容量10×105千瓦[1]。研究表明,一年总太阳辐射在地球表面和相当于130万亿吨煤能源,太阳能总储量可以被称为当今世界能源发展最大的潜力[2]。强拉下“光明工程”试点项目和“权力村庄,”工程项目和世界其他国家的光伏市场,中国光伏产业的快速发展[3]。随着太阳能电池或电池直流电源,负载是一个交流负载时,逆变器将直流电源转换为交流电源是必不可少的设备。所谓的逆变器,逆变整流的意思是,开幕式通过半导体电力开关设备动作,可以转化为交流电源,直流电源转换'[4]。

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A Case Study of Pattern-based Software Framework to

Improve the Quality of Software Development

Chih-Hung Chang,

Chih-Wei Lu

Dept. of Information Management, Hsiuping Institute of Technology No.11, Gongye Rd., Dali City, Taichung County,

Taiwan(R.O.C.)

886-4-24961123 ext 3112 {chchang,cwlu}@

.tw

William C. Chu

Dept. of Computer

Science and Information

Engineering,

Tunghai University

No.181, Sec. 3, Taichung

Port Rd.,Taichung City,

Taiwan (R.O.C.)

886-4-23508983

cchu@.tw

Nien-Lin Hsueh

Dept. of Information

Engineering and

Computer Science,

Feng Chia University

No. 100 Wenhwa Rd.,

Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

886-4- 24517250 ext 3773

nlhsueh@.tw

Chorng-Shiuh Koong

Dept. of Computer and

Information Science,

Taichung University

No.140, Ming-Sheng Rd.,

Taichung City,

Taiwan (R.O.C.)

886-4-22183804

csko@.tw

ABSTRACT

In recent years, development of the software industry and demand for software systems have increased rapidly, but developers often does not know whose suggestion to follow regarding methodologies of software engineering. One reason for that is the difficulty in applying new software engineering technologies. Developers take a long time to train. Another reason is the difficulty in integrating CASE toolsets. So many indeterminate factors make the development process more and more complex. On the other hand, software development is too customized, and software reuse is difficult. T he reasons above are the cause for software development and maintenance to become more complex and difficult to control.

In this paper we explore the importation of a software pattern-based framework, and the development of an ERP/support chain system. Based on software patterns, developers can separate development and business so as to reduce problems caused by the developer’s lack of business experience. T he quality of the product can thus be enhanced, software development costs be reduced, and software maintenance be improved.

Keywords

Design Pattern, Framework, Software Development Process, XML

1.INTRODUCTION

In Object-Oriented T echnology, the property of inheritance allows software components to be reused, which can obviously reduce the cost of software development. For this reason, to produce a highly reusable software component is an important goal of software engineering. However, programmers are usually focused on code reuse while ignoring design reuse. Design patterns provide a clear concept of design structure by describing the relationships of inheritance and reference between components of the system.

Design patterns are a series of familiar usages and constructions utilized throughout system design. Design patterns allow rapid coding of certain components by following certain patterns of steps. T his can improve the documentation and maintenance of existing systems by providing an explicit specification of class, object interactions and their underlying intents. One of the main purposes of design patterns is to help software engineers to understand the common characteristics of software objects/components in specialized domain.

In recent years, due to the development and maturation of WWW and Java [14] technologies, many applications are now web applications or leaning in that direction. Many software concepts are utilized for the web as well, such as Design Patterns and Frameworks. The Apache Struts [12] and Spring Framework [13] are both open source frameworks used to address and reduce the complexity of developing an enterprise application. T he advantage of using a framework is the layered architecture it provides. Layered architecture allowed users to choose the component desired, while also providing the integration framework when developing application using J2EE. T hese developing web concepts can facilitate the development of web applications. However, these very useful tools and concepts lack a systematic organization.

We hope to use these open source software technologies to develop a software framework which can be applied to web application. T his should solve the problem of web applications lacking a good structure, while through applying these open source software technologies, software development costs will be reduced. Furthermore, a guideline for programmers who wants to use these open source technologies will be provided.

This paper is organized as follows: In the next section, we discuss works related to our project; in section 3, the open source technologies used in the paper and the system implementation will be described; Section 4 is a sample experiment. T he

conclusion is given in section 5.

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