首都医科大学眼科学2018年考博真题考博试卷
眼科分章节题目-博士考试习题集
博士考试习题集1、眼科检查1.1视觉的心理物理测量1.2视觉生理的临床应用1.3分子生物学在眼科的应用1.4眼科诊疗新进展1.5 视功能的检查方法1.6 眼底荧光素血管造影的异常荧光有什么什么类型的原因1.7 什么是中心视野、周边视野、视野正常的概念是什么？1.8 视功能检查哪些属于心理物理学检查的各项检查？1.9 眼科诊断新技术1.11 视觉电生理的常用方法，原理，部位。
1.12 常用眼科检查的临床应用价值1.13 OCT的原理、临床应用价值1.14 ICGA和FFA的比较1.15 角膜共焦显微镜的原理及应用1.16 多焦视网膜电图的原理及应用2、角膜和眼表疾病2.1干眼的治疗进展2.2细菌、真菌、病毒性以及棘阿米巴性角膜炎的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗原则。
2.3试述眼表疾病的新概念及眼表疾病诊断和治疗进展2.4眼表疾病的分类、表现2.5眼表的定义以及维持眼表健康的主要因素2.6简述泪膜的构成与功能2.7眼表急性损伤期的治疗原则2.8羊膜在眼表重建中的应用机制2.9治疗性角膜移植的手术适应症2.10蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的手术方式选2.11干眼的病因、分类、诊断与治疗进展2.12眼表重建（手术的种类及选择）原则及进展2.13干细胞理论及其在眼表重建中的应用2.14翼状胬肉手术种类2.15角膜移植手术的分类及术前准备2.16穿透性角膜移植的常见术后并发症及处理原则2.17角膜移植排斥反应的分类、临床表现和治疗进展2.18角膜供体活性保存的方法2.19试述角膜炎的病理变化过程。
2.20 发生于角膜周边部角膜炎症的病因、临床表现、治疗原则。
2.21感染性角膜溃疡的分类、临床特点、鉴别诊断和治疗原则及新进展2.22 急性结膜炎的分类、临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗原则2.23角膜接触镜的临床应用及常见并发症？2.24真菌性角膜炎的种类、临表和治疗。
2.25单疱病毒角膜炎的发病机制、临表、治疗。
2.26眼表疾病的概念、定义、分类、诊断与治疗进展2.27角膜病诊断新技术：共焦，角膜地形图，前段成像系统。
首都医科大学博士入学考试试题汇总
目录目录 (1)首都医科大学神经解剖博士入学考试试题 (2)2001年 (2)2002年 (3)2003年 (4)首都医科大学大外科解剖博士入学考试试题 (5)2003年 (5)首都医科大学大外科眼科（记忆版）博士入学考试试题 (5)2004年 (5)首都医科大学神经解剖博士入学考试试题2001年一、名词解释（1-7题，5×7=35；2-12题，3×5=15）1、边缘系统2、脊髓灰质板层3、后屈束4、内侧纵束1、攀缘纤维2、下橄榄核3、桥小脑三角4、 phrenic n.5、 celiac plexus10、obturator n.11、locus reculeus12、carvernous sinus二、问答题（10×5=50）1、纹状体① 位置及组成② 纤维联系③ 化学递质环路④ 动脉供应2、网状结构① 定义② 主要核团③ 机能组合3、神经支配① 肾上腺髓质② 斜方肌③ 二腹肌④ 蚓状肌4、解剖基础① 交叉性瘫痪② 屈曲反射③ 翼状肩④ 猿手5、“听新闻记纪录”的解剖学基础2002年简答：被盖中央束阴捕神经黑质蓝斑论述：1脑干的非脑神经节脑干的运动型交叉纤维Wallenberg的解剖基础2副交感神经系统的二级神经元交通支颌部区的立毛肌支配（不知道该题是否准确）３小脑皮质神经元环路海马结构的分层和分区脑室的边界和CSF的循环2003年名词解释1. 肋间壁神经2. 鼻睫神经3. Ⅶ颅神经4. great petrosol N5. confluence of sinuse6. central tegmentrol decussation简答1. 底丘脑的神经纤维联系2. 下肢非意识感觉到大脑的纤维联系3. 如何理解cerebelar glomorulus论述1. 边缘系统组成；PAPEZ环路；Hippocampal分层。
2. 白质通路和灰质通路；牵涉痛；Otic Ganglion。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
眼科考博问答题
首都医科大学北京同仁医院眼科09年博士入学考试试题一. 简答30分1.视网膜中央动脉阻塞的急诊处理。
2.高度近视眼的眼科并发症。
3.单纯疱疹病毒角膜炎的致病机制，临床分类和治疗。
4.睫状神经节的组成和部位。
5.来源中胚层的眼组织二. 论述（任选三道做）30分1.青光眼药物的分类，作用机制和副作用2.糖网的国际和国内分期3.常见造成突眼的炎症性眼病分类和临床特征4.糖网新生血管的形成过程、机制、促进和抑制其生长的因子、可能的治疗方法。
32首医考博2008三、简答（5分x5=25分）1、中胚叶发育的眼球组织2、睫状神经节位置和组成3、瞳孔对光反射传导通路4、白瞳症概念可见于哪些疾病5、急性视力下降，不伴有眼前节病变，有哪些疾病四、论述（5选3，10分x3=30分）1、急闭临床表现及治疗原则2、糖网国际分期及国内分期3、角膜内皮细胞功能、特点4、不同部位视网膜出血的特点5、眼科常用分子生物学技术和实验方法首都医科大学2004年博士入学考试眼科试题2、简答题泪膜的组成及功能真菌性角膜炎的感染菌属及临床表现外伤性青光眼性低眼压第机制视觉的种类及简查3、问答题青光眼的分类、详细列举继发青光眼的类型和现代青光眼的治疗Coats病的机制、临床表现糖尿病视网膜病变的分期及治疗首都医科大学2003年眼科学（博士）三、问答题（每题10分，共30分）1 .请解释交感性眼炎的定义；简介其成因和发病机理；描述其临床表现及并发症；并简介其治疗。
2.请分别说明YAG激光、氩离子激光、氦氖激光以及二氧化碳激光适合治疗哪些眼病？3.请描述甲状腺相关眼眶病的临床体征和检查所见，并简述鉴别诊断要点？不同部位视网膜出血的特点干眼的个体化治疗、治疗进展黄斑水肿发病机制，临床表现及治疗北京大学医学部研究生考试试题（眼科学）三. 问答题（共50分，每题10分）1.试述恶性青光眼的发病机理及临床处理原则。
2.简述糖尿病可能引起致盲的眼部并发症3.急性虹膜睫状体炎是致盲疾患之一，试述其致盲的临床病理过程4.简述急性球后视神经炎，前部缺血性视乳头病变及视乳头水肿的鉴别诊断5.简述眼球的血液供应北京大学医学部（第一附属医院眼科）四. 问答题（50分）1.目前应用于眼科的视觉电生理检查主要有那几种，介绍它们的基本原理和临床应用。
眼科考博历年真题答案解析
眼科考博历年真题答案解析近年来，眼科考博成为越来越多医学学子的追求目标。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将对眼科考博历年真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。
一、眼科领域真题解析首先，我们来看一道眼科领域的历年真题，并进行解析。
题目如下：题目：白内障手术常见并发症及处理？该题属于眼科手术的基础知识，其中考查了考生对白内障手术并发症的认识和处理策略的掌握情况。
解析：白内障手术是一种常见的眼科手术，但并发症的发生仍然是不可忽视的。
常见的白内障手术并发症包括：术后感染、后囊膜混浊、视网膜脱离等。
对于这些并发症的处理，要根据病情的严重程度和具体病因进行相应的治疗。
术后感染可以使用抗生素进行治疗，后囊膜混浊可以通过激光治疗或手术治疗来解决，视网膜脱离则需要进行手术复位。
二、眼科疾病真题解析除了眼科手术的相关知识外，眼科疾病的诊断和治疗也是考博重点内容。
以下是一道关于眼科疾病的历年真题：题目：糖尿病视网膜病变的病理变化及防治策略？该题考查考生对糖尿病视网膜病变病理变化和防治策略的理解。
解析：糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的常见并发症之一，病理变化主要包括微血管病变和视网膜出血、渗出。
根据不同阶段的病变，治疗策略也不同。
在早期阶段，通过控制血糖、血压、血脂等因素，可以减缓病变进程；在中晚期阶段，需要进行激光光凝治疗或手术治疗，以防止病变进一步恶化。
三、眼科研究方法真题解析眼科考博除了考查医学知识外，还涉及到一定的研究方法。
下面是一道与眼科研究方法相关的历年真题：题目：眼动仪在眼科研究中的应用？该题目考查考生对眼动仪的了解以及其在眼科研究中的应用。
解析：眼动仪是一种专门用于测量眼球运动轨迹的仪器。
在眼科研究中，眼动仪可以被用于研究人眼在不同条件下的注视模式和眼球运动规律。
通过观察和分析眼动仪的数据，可以揭示眼睛对特定刺激的反应和认知过程。
例如，眼动仪可以用于研究青少年近视的发展机制，或者研究眼动过程中注意力的变化等。
打印版考博眼科专业试题8套
1复旦医学院2002年博士入学考试眼科试题名词解释1. Plateau iris2. Pseudohypopyon3. Arteriovenous fistula4. Macular sparing5. Terson`s sydrome6. Band keratopathy7. Axenfeld-Rieger sydrome8. ICR问答题1. 视网膜神经节细胞损伤的发生机制及保护研究进展2. 眼科干细胞的研究进展及其在临床应用3. 试述随年龄增加的晶状体发生的改变4. 葡萄膜损伤后的临床及病理生理改变2山医大眼科2004试题眼科专业一、名词解释（1-4题每题3分，5.6题每题4分，共20分）1. 视神经管2. 对比敏感度3. 泪液膜4. 低视力5. Weiss环6. 房角后退二、问答题（每题15分，共60分）1. 人工角膜手术的适应症及并发症，你所认为的理想的人工角膜是怎样的？2. 青光眼的视神经保护药物3. 视神经病变的鉴别诊断4. 双眼单视形成的条件及功能分级三、论述题（20分）角膜内皮细胞移植术的新近展3天津医科大学2002年博士入学考试眼科试题一.名词解释（每题2分，共20分）1.盲2.偏盲3.老视4.双行睫5.玻璃体液化6.ICGA7.Ocular hypertension8.Angular blepharitis9.Gonioscope10.Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)]二.简答题（每题5分，共40分）1.简述青光眼的分类2.简述眼表的范围3.说明复视与混淆视的区别4.简述甲状腺相关眼病的病理改变5.真菌性角膜炎的临床表现及常见致病菌属6.简述化学眼外伤的急救原则及措施7.Eales`病的主要临床表现及病理改变8.简述Behcet`s病的病因及临床表现三.问答题（共40分）1.“白瞳症”的鉴别诊断（10分）2.青光眼滤过性手术后的常见并发症，判断及处理（10分）3.试述青光眼诊断技术和治疗新进展（20分）4首都医科大学2004年博士入学考试眼科试题１、名词解释视网膜前膜迷离瘤牵牛花综合症leber氏病眼球痨波前相差ICEBerlin水肿２、简答题泪膜的组成及功能真菌性角膜炎的感染菌属及临床表现外伤性青光眼性低眼压第机制视觉的种类及简查３、问答题青光眼的分类、详细列举继发青光眼的类型和现代青光眼的治疗Coats病的机制、临床表现糖尿病视网膜病变的分期及治疗5复旦医学院2002年博士入学考试眼科试题名词解释1. Plateau iris2. Pseudohypopyon3. Arteriovenous fistula4. Macular sparing5. Terson`s sydrome6. Band keratopathy7. Axenfeld-Rieger sydrome8. ICR问答题1. 视网膜神经节细胞损伤的发生机制及保护研究进展2. 眼科干细胞的研究进展及其在临床应用3. 试述随年龄增加的晶状体发生的改变4. 葡萄膜损伤后的临床及病理生理改变6北京大学（一附属）2002年博士入学考试眼科试题一. 名词解释（20分）1. 视角2. 水眼3. 配偶肌4. 后胚胎环5. 黑朦猫眼6. 血影细胞性青光眼7. Duane`s综合征8. 带状角膜变性9. Marfan`s 综合征10. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome二. 填空（20分）1. 黄斑樱桃红点见于----，----，---。
首都医科大学内科学(内分泌)2018年考博真题试卷
首都医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
首都医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌） 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
简答题：
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1.一个禁水加压试验的表格，问诊断及依据（数据结果分析） 2.影响尿微量蛋白测定的主要因素 3.根据2017年ADA糖尿病诊疗指南，应用二甲双胍糖化血红蛋白仍不达标者可与哪些降糖药物 联用，考虑的因素主要有哪些 4.甲状腺相关眼病的治疗原则 5.胰岛素的主要副作用
眼科学考试题(附参考答案)
眼科学考试题（附参考答案）一、单选题（共88题，每题1分，共88分）1.患者,女,55岁,右眼胀痛,视力锐减,虹视,伴恶心、呕吐、同侧头痛一天。
既往曾有类似发病史,多在劳累后,晚上发作,睡觉后第二天缓解。
检查:右眼视力0.06,混合充血,以睫状充血为主。
角膜雾状混浊,尘状KP,前房浅,瞳孔中度散大,直径6mm,光反射迟钝,晶体前囊下可见4个白色混浊斑块,眼底窥不清。
最可能的诊断是:()A、青光眼睫状体炎综合征B、缺血性视神经病变C、晶状体源性青光眼D、正常眼压性青光眼E、急性闭角型青光眼正确答案：E2.凋亡(apoptosis)是指细胞:A、有计划性的细胞死亡B、增生C、异生D、再生正确答案：A3.最易引起凝固坏死的原因是:A、缺血或缺氧B、消化酶外漏C、结核杆菌感染D、化脓性细菌感染正确答案：A4.对糖尿病性视网膜病变的早期诊断最有帮助的辅助检查是( )A、荧光眼底血管造影(FA)B、视野C、视网膜中央动脉血压D、暗适应E、视网膜电图(ERG)正确答案：A5.均属于上消化道的是?A、口腔,胃,回肠B、口腔,十二指肠,胃C、口腔,食管,空肠D、食管,胃,十二指肠正确答案：D6.色觉敏感度最高的是:A、黄斑B、赤道部视网膜C、视盘D、周边部视网膜正确答案：A7.下列哪项不是磺胺硫尿类(sulfonylureas)口服降血糖药物的作用机转?A、增加胰岛素接受器的数目B、增进胰岛素在体內的作用C、抑制肠胃道对糖分的吸收D、直接刺激β細胞分泌胰岛素正确答案：C8.岁以上患者反复发生的霰粒肿,要考虑A、基底细胞癌可能B、眼睑黄色瘤可能C、皮样囊肿可能D、睑板腺癌可能E、鳞状细胞癌可能正确答案：D9.患者男,52岁,1月前曾被树枝擦伤左眼。
现主诉左眼视力下降,眼红眼痛,体检发现左眼混合充血,角膜灰白色干燥溃疡,则诊断应高度怀疑()A、真菌性角膜炎B、病毒性角膜炎C、蚕食性角膜溃疡D、细菌性角膜炎正确答案：A10.预防糖尿病足的发生,下列对患者选择鞋子的建议,哪项不适合?A、每次穿鞋前应先检查鞋內有无异物B、新鞋每次最多穿2小时C、为能使足部充分透气,应多选择穿涼鞋D、至少有两双鞋轮流交替穿正确答案：C11.患者,男性,26岁,因“双眼反复红痒伴异物感半年”就诊,查体:双眼眼睑睫毛根部见头皮样鳞屑附着,部分皮脂集中于睫毛根部呈黄色结痂,睑缘肥厚,睫毛排列尚规则,双眼球结膜充血,角膜透明。
2018首都医科大学神外科(神经外科学)年考博真题考博试卷
2018 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：神外科（神经外科学） 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 正常灌注压突破 常压脑积水 NBBP 现象 二、单选 20 题每个一分。 三、简答题 GCS 评分的意义和局限性。 颅内肿瘤的临床表现。 低级别胶质瘤的手术目的。 小脑幕切迹疝的病理生理改变。 脑出血的 MRI 表现。 四、论述题 2 个 1、脑水肿的治疗。 2、浅谈胶质瘤的分子标志物有哪些，意义是什么。
第1页 共1页
首都医科大学眼科学2003年考博真题试卷
3.慢性结膜炎无关的常见致病菌是
A．葡萄球菌B．链球菌
C．Morax-Axenfeld双杆菌D．Kock-weeks杆菌E.变形杆菌
4．真性近视的治疗，以下那种方法是错误的：
A．普通框架眼镜B．角膜接触镜
C．准分子激光手术治疗D．晶状体摘除术E．OK-镜
E．虹膜、角膜内皮异常和继发性青光眼。
二、名词解释（每题2分，共10分）
1．眼球痨
2．Leukocoria
3．PHPV
4．Staphiloma
5．Crouzen’s综合征
三、问答题（每题10分，共30分）
1．请解释交感性眼炎的定义；简介其成因和发病机理；描述其临床表现及并发
症；并简介其治疗。
2．请分别说明YAG激光、氩离子激光、氦氖激光以及二氧化碳激光适合治疗哪些眼病？
5．我国目前最主要的致盲眼病为
A．青光眼B．眼外伤
C．白内障D．角膜病E．沙眼
6．泪膜的粘蛋白层主要来源于
A.结膜杯状细胞
B.睑板腺
C.泪腺率和致盲率占角膜病首位的角膜炎是
A.细菌性
B.真菌性
C.单纯疱疹病毒性
D.棘阿米巴
E.衣原体
8．引起视交叉最常见的病变
A.鞍结节脑膜瘤
3．请描述甲状腺相关眼眶病的临床体征和检查所见，并简述鉴别诊断要点？
C．睫状体上皮，虹膜色素上皮，瞳孔括约肌和开大肌，视网膜，视神经，玻璃体。
D．眼眶的骨组织，脂肪，滑车软骨，眼外肌和眼眶的结缔组织。
E．视神经鞘，葡萄膜的色素细胞，脉络膜基质，睫状肌，和虹膜基质
2．临床上眼底视网膜出血呈舟状，其出血位于
A．视网膜内核层与内丛状层间；B．视网膜神经纤维层与内界膜之间；
首都医科大学内科学(内分泌)2015,2016,2018年考博真题
1.一个禁水加压试验的表格，问诊断及依据（数据结果分析）
2.影响尿微量蛋白测定的主要因素
3.根据2017年ADA糖尿病诊疗指南，应用二甲双胍糖化血红蛋白仍不达标者可与哪些降糖药物联用，考虑的因素主要有哪些
4.甲状腺相关眼病的治疗原则
5.胰岛素的主要副作用
3.脑垂体分泌的激素。
4.甲亢危象的抢救措施。
首都医科大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌）
注意：所有答案一律写在ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
首都医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
首都医科大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
30个选择题，60分，都是简单的基础知识，
简答题.10分1个：
1.甲状腺炎有哪几种。
2.糖尿病的慢性并发症。
首都医科大学同仁医院眼科学考博试题15-20
首都医科大学同仁医院2020年眼科学博士考试真题一、名词解释：1、.混淆视2、剥脱性青光眼3、角膜血染4.视网膜震荡二、简答题1.简述房角scheie分类法（并说出相应房角和房角镜下所见结构）2.简述三面镜及每个镜面检查部位.3.简述麦粒肿和霰粒肿4.简述泪膜的结构和功能5.简述代谢性白内障三、问答题1.试述特殊类型青光眼2.分别介绍目前矫正视力的方法并分析利弊3.WHO视觉2020行动的目的和行动重点的五个疾病首都医科大学同仁医院2019年眼科学博士考试真题一、名词解释1、眼表2、圆锥角膜3、规则散光4、对比敏感度5、基底细胞癌二、简答题1、简述青光眼临床分类2、简述干眼症临床表现3、简述Fuchs综合征临床特点4、简述调节性内斜视的临床分类三.问答题1.介绍房水成分，作用及循环径路2.说明弱视的临床分类，主要发病机制，治疗时机和方法3.试述眼科影像诊断技术的进展首都医科大学同仁医院2018年眼科学博士考试真题一、简答题1.列举8种遗传性眼病2.列举常见的视网膜血管病变3.简述视网膜坏死综合征4.简述顺规散光和逆规散光5.简述DVD与下斜肌功能亢进的鉴别诊断要点首都医科大学同仁医院2017年眼科学博士考试真题（回忆版）一、简答题1、简述真菌性角膜炎的临床表现2、简述低视力概念及国际诊断标准3、简述视网膜色素变性临床表现及遗传方式4、简述增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）的临床表现首都医科大学同仁医院2016年眼科学博士考试真题（回忆版）一、简答题1、眼表疾病的分类、表现2、糖尿病的眼底改变3、POAG诊治新进展4、白内障治疗新进展5、视觉生理的临床应用首都医科大学同仁医院2015年眼科学博士考试真题（回忆版）一、简答题1、青光眼的四大难题2、白内障的病因及预防3、功能和形态检查对诊断视网膜疾病的意义4、青光眼和视网膜疾病的关系5、屈光手术新进展6、举例说明基因诊断，基因治疗对遗传性眼病的。
2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一(Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once,after you hear the question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question Number1.1. A.On campus B.At he dentist'sC.At the pharmacyD.In the laboratory2. A.Pain B.Weakness C.Fatigue D.Headache3. A.Their weird behavior at school.B.Their superior cleverness over others'.C.Their tendency to have learning difficulty.D.Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.4. A.John will be angry. B.John will be disappointed.C.John will be attracted.D.John will be frightened.5. A.They're quite normal. B.They're not available.C.They came unexpected.D.They need further explanation.6. A.He knows so little about Lady GagaB.He has met Lady Gaga before.C.He should have known Lady GagaD.He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.7. A.In the ward. B.Over the phone.C.In the emergency room.D.On their way to the hospital8. A.Health care B.Health reformC.Health educationD.Health maintenance9. A.Learning to act intuitively.B.Learning to argue academically.C.Learning to be critical of oneself.D.Learning to think critically and reason10. A.She is a pharmacist. B.She is a medical doctor.C.She is a scientist in robotics.D.She is a pharmacologist.11. A.She's pessimistic about the future.B.She's pessimistic about the far future.C.She's optimistic about the far future.D.She's optimistic about the near future.12. A.Negligence may put a patient in danger.B.Patients must listen to doctors and nurses.C.Qualified doctors and nurses are in bad need.D.Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.13. A.The man works at eh ER.B.The man can do nothing but wait.C.The woman's condition is critical.D.The woman is a capable paramedic.14. A.A gynecologist. B.A psychologistC.A neurologist.D.A nephrologist.15. A.She has only one friend.B.She isolates herself from others.C.She suffers from a chronic disease.D.She is jobless and can't find a job.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.DialogueQuestions16-20are based on the following dialogue.16. A.Because she couldn't do other jobs well.B.Because it was her dream since childhood.C.Because she was fed up with all her previous jobs.D.Because two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.17. A.The Self/Nonself Model B.The Danger ModelC.The vaccination theoryD.The immunological theory18. A.Being overactive B.Being mutantC.Being selectiveD.Being resistant19. A.It can help cure most cancers.B.It can help develop new drugs.C.It can help most genetic diseases.D.It can help change the nature of medicine.20. A.We should ignore the resistance.B.We should have the model improved.C.We should have the experiments on animals.D.We should move from animals to human.Passage One21. A.The profits form medical tourism.B.The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.C.The soaring health care costs around the word.D.The steps to take in developing medical tourism22. A.Affordable costs B.Low pace of livingC.Five-star treatmentD.Enjoyable health vacation23. A.It is a$100billion business already.B.It is growing along with medical tourism.C.Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.D.It offers more medical options than western medicine.24. A.To set up a website for blogging about medical tourism.B.To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.C.To buy and affordable medical insurance.D.To explore online to get well informed.25. A.A travel brochure.B.A lecture on medical tourism.C.A chapter of a medical textbook.D.A webpage promotional material.Passage TwoQuestions26-30are based on the following passage.26. A.Song sparrows take good care of their babies.B.Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.C.There are different kind of song sparrows in different seasons.D.Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.27. A.In the warmer spring B.In the hottest summerC.In the coolest autumnD.In the coldest winter28. A.Because they lack the skill and experience to find food.B.Because they have not developed a strong body yet.C.Because they cannot endure the unusual heat.D.Because they cannot find enough food.29. A.They are less sensitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.B.They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.C.They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.D.They are as sensitive to climate change as the juveniles.30. A.Body size B.Migration routeC.Food preferenceD.Population growthPartⅡVocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The medical team discussed their shared____to eliminating this curable disease.A.obedienceB.susceptibilityC.inclinationD.dedication32.Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain,weakness,oremotional_____is to ignore it,to tough it out.A.TurmoilB.rebellionC.temptationD.relaxation33.Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,____communication and indulge in theirown worlds.A.put downB.shut downC.settle downD.break down34.The school board attached great emphasis to____in students a sense of modesty and a sense ofcommunity.A.dilutingB.inspectingC.instillingD.disillusioning35.Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not______to what we need tobe attending to.A.pertinentB.permanentC.precedentD.prominent36.New studies have found a rather____correlation between the presence of small particles andboth obesity and diabetes.A.collaboratingprehendingpromisingD.convincing37.We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.A.intelligenceB.imitationsC.hypothesisD.precautions.38.We must____the problem____,which is why our map combines both brain structure andfunction measurements at large scale and high resolution.A.set...backB.take...overC.pull...inD.break...down39.Asthma patient doesn't need continuous treatment because his symptoms are rather____thanpersistent.A.intermittentB.precedentC.dominantD.prevalent40.It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.A.conceiveB.concealC.convertD.conform Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer an the ANSWER SHEET.41.The truly competent physician is the one who sits down,senses the"mystery"of anotherhuman beings,and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.A.imaginableB.capableC.sensibleD.humble42.The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.A.conservedB.theorizedC.realizedD.persistedrge community meals might have served to lubricate social connections and alleviatedtensions.A.facilitateB.intimidateC.terminateD.mediate44.Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased exclusively insubjects with active disease.A.definitelyB.trulyC.simplyD.solely45.Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitrofertilzation.A.FetusesB.descendantsC.seedsD.orphans46.Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing ourchildren.A.breachB.griefC.threatD.abuse47.A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic stress in a controlledway.A.definitelyB.desperatelyC.intentionallyD.identically48.Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.A.applyingB.relatingC.relayingD.transforming49.Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects,suchas memory loss,fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.A.ensueB.encounterC.impedeD.induce50.A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai,which means having one's view of the importantovershadowed by the trivial.A.insignificantB.insufficientC.substantialD.unexpectedPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the three-dimensional imaging,improve detection of disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist's workload,which,51,can result in missed positive scans.Researchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented52data on a CAD(computer-aided diagnosis)program they've designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53CT scanning.Their study was54by the NIH and the university.In the study,CAD was applied to32low-dose CT scanning with a total of50lung nodules,38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam.55the 38missed cancers,15were the result of interpretation error(identifying an image but56it as non cancerous)and2357observational error(not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found32of the38previously missed cancers(84%sensitivity),with false-positive58of 1.6per section.Although CAD improved detection of lung cancer,it won't replace radiologists,said Sgmuel G Armato,PhD,lead author of the study."The computer is not perfect,"Armato said."It will miss some cancers and call some things cancer that59.The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the computer may60something suspicious.It's a spell-checker of sorts,or a second opinion.51.A.in common B.in turn C.in one D.in all52.A.preliminary B.considerate C.deliberate D.ordinary53.A.being used B.to use ing e54.A.investigated B.originated C.founded D.funded55.A.From B.Amid C.Of D.In56.A.disseminating B.degenerating C.dismissing D.deceiving57.A.were mistaken for B.were attributed to D.result in D.gave away to58.A.mortalities B.incidences C.images D.rates59.A.don't B.won’t C.aren’t D.wasn’t60.A.stand for B.search for C.account for D.mistake forPartⅣReading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner,the Harvard education specialist,describes his job today,he says he's"a translator between two hostile tribes"—the education world and the business world,the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs.Wagner's argument in his book"Creating Innovations:The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World"is that our K-12and college tracks are not consistently"adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace."This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation.Now,there is only a high-wage,high-skilled job.Every middle-class job today is being pulled up,out or down faster than ever.That is,it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried made obsolete faster than ever.Which is why the goal of education today,argues Wagner,should not be to make every child"college ready"but"innovation ready"—ready to add value to whatever they do.That is a tall task.I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate."Today,"he said via e-mail,"because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device,what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know.The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge.As one executive told me,"We can teach new hires the content.And we will have to because it continues to change,but we can't teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative."My generation had it easy.We got to"find"a job.But,more than ever,our kids will have to "invent"a job.Sure,the lucky ones will find their first job,but,given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent,re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it"Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,"Wagner said,"and it is the only country where students leave high school'innovation-ready.'They learn concepts and creativity more than facts,and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day,little homework, and almost no testing.There are a growing number of"reinvented"colleges like the Olin College of Engineering,the M.I.T.Media Lab and the"D-school"Stanford where students learn to innovate."61.In his book,Wagner argues that_____.A.the education world are hostile to our kidsB.the business world are hostile to those seeking jobsC.the business world are too demanding on the education worldD.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands62.What does the"tall task"refer to in the third paragraph?A.Sustaining the middle class.B.Saving high-wage,middle-skilled jobs.C.Shifting from"college ready"in"innovation ready."D.Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.63.What is mainly expressed in Wagner's e-mail?A.New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.B.Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.C.Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.D.Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.64.What is implied in the fourth paragraph?A.Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.B.Jobs changed slowly in the author's generation.C.The author's generation led an easier life than their kids.D.It was easy for the author's generation to find their first job.65.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.to orient future educationB.to exemplify the necessary shift in educationC.to draw a conclusion about the shift in educationD.to criticize some colleges for their practices in educationPassage TwoBy the end of this century,the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees,with widespread effects on rainfall,sea levels and animal habitats.But in the Arctic,where the effects of climate change are most intense,the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people,animals,plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada's North are important to the country's future,says Kent Moore,and atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea,from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore,who has worked in the Arctic for more than20years,says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain:phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier.Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful,and have not adapted to the earlier bloom."Animals"behavior can evolve over a long time,but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade,rather than hundreds of years,"says Moore,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly."A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region,as theNorthwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer,and resource extraction becomes more rmation gained from the study will help government,industry and communities make decisions about resource management,economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian,American and European researchers and government agencies—will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data:remotely piloted drones."The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft,and they're easier to deploy,"he says,showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66.By the end of this century,according to the author,global warming will_____.A.start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB.increase the average world temperature by four degreesC.cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD.affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67.To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming,as indicated by the passage,the international study____.A.is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB.pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.C.involves so many countries for different investigationsD.is intended to deal with various aspects in research68.When he says,"Animals can't change their behavior that quickly,"what does Moore mean bythat quick?A.The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B.The widespread effects of global warming.C.The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D.The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69.According to the author,to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.A.becomes more difficult than ever before.B.is likely to build a novel economy in the region.C.will surely lower the average world temperature.D.needs the research-based supporting information.70.With the drones deployed,as Moore predicts,the researchers will_____.A.involve more collaborating countries than they do now.B.get more data to be required for their research.e more novel technologies in research.D.conduct their research at a regular basis.Passage ThreeSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management,aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests.Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases,by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers.The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management.These new capabilities,often termed'stratified（分层的）'or 'personalized'medicine,are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.Genetic medicine,which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way,has,until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease.Recognition that most disease has a genetic component,the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services.In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect,so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties.For some clinicians,particularly those involved in clinical research,these advances are already a reality.However,a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice,perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable.Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations,media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic.Indeed,knowing one's entire genomic sequence is no the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.Finally,both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible.Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms,the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low.Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.71.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.C.Physical examination remains essential in tine tuning a diagnosis.D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.72.What,according to the second paragraph,can be said of genetic medicine?A.It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.B.It has been widely recognized among the physicians.C.It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.D.It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.73.The future of the genomic technologies,for the most part,lies in_____.A.the greater potential of treating rare diseasesB.the greater efforts in the relevant clinical researchC.the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ themD.the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals74.In the last paragraph,the author cautions against_____.A.underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factorsB.unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative powerC.abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseasesD.unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.75.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.B.Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice.C.Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.D.Genetic medicine is defined as"stratified"medicine.Passage FourMisconduct is a word that is always on professors'minds.Incidents in the news tend to describe the most serious violations of scientific standards,such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But these high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely.Much more frequent are forms of misconduct that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.Faculty members don't need to commit egregious acts such as sexual harassment or appropriation of students'work to fail in their responsibility to their charges.Being generally negligent as teachers and mentors should also be seen as falling down on the job.What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions to a host of questionable behaviors.In particular,they said that faculty members should avoid neglectful teaching and mentoring.These included routinely being late for classes,frequently skipping appointments with advisees,showing favoritism to some students,ignoring those whose interests diverged from their own,belittling colleagues in front of students,providing little or no feedback on students'theses or dissertations,and take on more graduate advisees than they could handle.The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach.And these responses suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.To address this systemic issue,we must do a better job of exposing the current and next generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through seminars.For instance,on online modules.The societies of academic disciplines,institutions and individual departments can play a big part here,by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.The most serious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address,but"inadequate teaching" can be subjective.Still,if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow,real patterns of abuse will be easier to find.For instance,these rules could stipulate that professors must return substantive feedback on drafts within15days,provide more than just negative feedback during a student's oral defense of their thesis,or be available regularly to answer questions.To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short,universities should establish teaching-integrity committees,similar to the research-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific misconduct.These could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by following a due process laid out in the faculty manual,or simply by adopting the same process as that of other committees,such as for tenure applications.76.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?A.The misconducts are widely exposed in the news.B.The high-profile infractions are not adequately reported.C.The frequent minor misconducts deserve more attentions.D.The violation of scientific standards cannot be eradicated.77.What,in the respondents'mind,is the nature of showing favoritism to some students?A.It is a serious high-profile infraction.B.It is an interesting but avoidable behavior.C.It is a punishable but avoidable misconductD.It is a questionable but non-punishable behavior.78.The occurrence of neglectful teaching and mentoring among the faculty can be ascribedto____.A.their offering more courses than they can handleB.their paying little attention to the students'feedbackC.their receiving inadequate education in how to teachD.their lacking interest in the areas other than their own79.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to address the systemic issue?A.Development of codes of conductB.Exposure online of the misconductscation about the rules of proper mentoringD.Development of clear mechanism for reporting80.What is mainly discussed in the last two paragraphs?A.The approaches to addressing the problems of"inadequate teaching."B.The specific rules to punish those who consistently fall short.C.The different committees dealing with"inadequate teaching."D.The codes of conduct for the students to report violations.Passage FiveIs the profession of medicine in retreat?I'm reminded of this with September welcoming a new。
眼科博士入学考试题目
07眼科5×6一名词解释1 干眼综合症2 沙眼3 角膜缘移植术4 眼用内镜5 年龄相关性白内障6 视网膜色素变性二问答4×81 眼球的起源和发育过程2 原发性开角型青光眼的诊断和治疗3 眼科滴眼剂必须具备的基本特性4 紫外线对眼的损伤三简答1 老年性黄斑变性的临床治疗现状及其进展2 oct的眼科应用优势及其存在的问题08眼科一名词解释1stardardt病2latanoprost（xalatan）眼液其主要成分为前列腺素F2受体相关的衍生物，主要通过作用于睫状肌和葡萄膜巩膜通道的基质金属蛋白酶，增加细胞外基质的降解，造成肌间隙增宽，从而增加房水经葡萄膜巩膜通道外流而降低眼压，其房水的排出不受巩膜静脉压的影响。
该类药物降低眼压幅度大，点药次数少，安全性高。
不良反应包括点药后短暂性烧灼感、刺痛、痒感和结膜充血；长期点眼可造成虹膜色素增加、睫毛增长、眼周围皮肤色素增加。
3sjogren综合症是一种累及全身多系统的疾病，又称为干燥综合症、分泌抑制综合症，该综合症包括干眼、口干、结缔组织损害(关节炎)，三个症状中两个存在即可诊断。
绝经期妇女多发。
泪腺有淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润，造成泪腺增生，结构功能破坏。
4前房角5蚕蚀性角膜溃疡是一种自发性、慢性、边缘性、进行性、疼痛性角膜溃疡，病因不明，可能与自身免疫功能异常有关。
组织学上，蚕食性角膜溃疡周围角膜组织内含有大量浆细胞、淋巴细胞等炎症细胞。
血清免疫复合物水平高。
研究提示，蚕食性角膜溃疡可能是体液免疫及细胞免疫均参与的自身免疫性疾病。
6眼用内镜7基因治疗将正常基因植入靶细胞代替遗传缺陷的基因或关闭、抑制异常表达的基因，以达到预防和治疗疾病的目的的一种临床治疗技术。
常用的策略有以下几种：基因修复、基因代替、基因抑制或失活、基因增强。
二问答1 简述红绿色弱的形成2 简述基因治疗中的载体3 简述眼后节OCT的原理及其应用4 简述与眼有关的三叉神经及其功能三简答1 从房角平衡的角度阐述眼压升高和控制眼压升高的基本机制及其研究发展趋势2 病毒性、细菌性、过敏性结膜炎在病理、体征、症状、治疗的区别分泌物：细菌性常出现脓性分泌物、过敏性出现黏性分泌物、病毒性出现水样或浆液状分泌物3 OCT在眼科的应用优势及其存在的问题。
解放军医学院(301医院)眼科学2019年考博初试真题
5.角膜缘
四、简答题(5✘4分)
1.结膜充血PK睫装充血
2.抗青光眼药物的种类作用机制
3.黄斑裂孔cass分级
4.化学伤分级
五、论述题(2✘10）
1.白内障手术并发症及治疗
2.波血常见的6个疾病和临床表现，诊断，治疗
Graves眼病最常累及哪块肌等
二、填空题(2✘10分）
脉黑临床表现分哪4期
屈光层差性弱视的(远视，近视，散光的度数）
视神经管内空过的结构3空
黄斑囊样水肿常见疾病4空
眼三联动3空
视网膜血供内5层外5层
视路6空
常见角膜营养不良6空
三、名词解释(2✘5分）
1.adie pupil
2.ICE综合征
3.PCO
考
博
初
试
真
题
解放军医学院（301医院）
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：3029眼科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、选择题（1✘30分）
涉及角膜厚度，
眼眶哪个壁最薄，
羟氯奎药物毒性，
通过三棱镜所见物像情况，
眼部哪块肌为平滑肌，
春季卡它性结膜炎，
(完整word版)眼科学-试题(word文档良心出品)
临床医学、口腔医学、心理医学眼科学试题(B卷)班别____________学号_______________姓名_______________成绩______________一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1、眼球壁分为三层，分别是__纤维膜___、__葡萄膜__、___视网膜__2、支配眼外肌运动的神经有______外展神经______、_____滑车神经___、____动眼神经____。
3、沙眼的特有体征有__沙眼型角膜血管翳__、__睑结膜瘢痕__。
4、角膜软化症是由___维生素A__缺乏引起的。
5、我国人正常眼压定义在___10~21__mmHg。
正常人一般双眼的眼压差异不大于____5__mmHg，24小时单眼眼压波动范围不应大于___8___mmHg。
6、前葡萄膜炎的并发症包括___并发性白内障__、___继发性青光眼___、__低眼压及眼球萎缩___。
8、远视眼用___凸透镜____矫正。
9、眼球穿通伤的治疗原则是___初期缝合伤口，恢复眼球完整性___、_防治感染等并发症__、__必要时行二期手术__。
10、世界卫生组织规定一个人的较好眼的最好矫正视力___<0.05_____时为盲人。
二、单项选择题（每题1分，共30分）1、角膜的屈光力约为：（C ）A．+41D B．+42DC．+43D D．+44DE．+45D2、角膜组织中具有再生能力的是：（ A ）A．上皮细胞层B．前弹力层C．上皮细胞层和前弹力层D．上皮细胞层和内皮细胞层E．基质层3、眼前指数仍不能识别，则改查：（ C ）A．光感B．光定位C．手动D．近视力E．针孔视力4、内睑腺炎切开排脓时，应从：（ A ）A．结膜面切开，切口与睑缘垂直B．皮肤面切开，切口与睑缘垂直C．结膜面切开，切口与睑缘平行D．皮肤面切开，切口与睑缘平行E．皮肤面切开，切口与睑缘垂直或平行均可5、睑板腺囊肿的病因是：（ D ）A．细菌感染B．真菌感染C．睑板腺分泌功能过旺D．睑板腺出口阻塞E．睑板腺肉芽肿性炎症6、流泪主要是由于：（ E ）A．泪小点的阻塞B．泪小管的阻塞C．鼻泪管的阻塞D．鼻腔粘膜的肿胀E．泪液的分泌增多7、新生儿泪囊炎的主要原因是：（ E ）A．泪囊部的原发感染B．先天性泪小点闭锁C．先天性泪小管闭锁D．产道感染E．鼻泪管下段发育不全所致的泪囊继发感染8、急性结膜炎最常见的体征是：（ A ）A．结膜充血B．结膜水肿C．结膜脓性分泌物D．滤泡形成E．乳头增生9、世界上首次分离出沙眼衣原体的是：（ A ）A．中国B．美国C．澳大利亚D．荷兰E．瑞典10、以下哪项不属于沙眼的后遗症和并发症的是：（ E ）A．上睑下垂B．睑球粘连C．慢性泪囊炎D．角膜混浊E．结膜滤泡融合11、俗称“红眼病”的是：（ A ）A．急性卡他性结膜炎B．超急性结膜炎C．慢性结膜炎D．春季结膜炎E．过敏性结膜炎12、发病率和致盲率占角膜病首位的角膜炎是：（ C ）A．细菌性B．真菌性C．单纯疱疹病毒性D．棘阿米巴E．衣原体13、关于角膜炎的治疗，不正确的是：（ E ）A．细菌性角膜炎宜选用敏感抗生素B．盘状角膜炎时可用糖皮质激素C．联合用药可提高疗效D．药物治疗无效时可选用手术治疗E．真菌性角膜炎应联合应用糖皮质激素14、白内障的主要症状是什么：（ A ）A．视力障碍B．眼痛C．眼充血D．压痛E．眼分泌物15、用药物治疗年龄相关性白内障，应该：（ E ）A．用药时间要长B．大剂量C．联合用药D．有效的药物E．目前尚无疗效肯定的药物16、老年性白内障膨胀期常见的严重并发症是：（ D ）A．晶体脱位B．晶体溶解性青光眼C．晶体过敏性葡萄膜炎D．继发性闭角型青光眼E．以上均是17、儿童期眼内最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤是：（ C ）A．脉络膜恶性黑色素瘤B．眼内转移癌C．视网膜母细胞瘤D．横纹肌肉瘤E．基底细胞癌18、原发性慢性闭角型青光眼和开角型青光眼最重要的鉴别要点是：（ B ）A．症状B．房角C．视盘改变不同D．视野E．眼压升高程度和速度不同19、急性前葡萄膜炎导致瞳孔缩小最重要因素是：（ D ）A．交感神经兴奋B．副交感神经兴奋C．瞳孔开大肌麻痹D．睫状肌痉挛和瞳孔括约肌持续性收缩E．睫状肌麻痹20、急性虹膜睫状体炎的治疗哪一项是错误：（ C ）A．1%阿托品眼药水滴眼B．地塞米松眼药水滴眼C．1%毛果芸香碱眼水滴眼D．口服强的松E．消炎痛眼水滴眼21、虹膜炎继发性青光眼是由于：（ A ）A．虹膜周边前粘连、瞳孔闭锁B．房水分泌过多C．血—房水屏障功能破坏D．玻璃体大量炎症细胞E．炎症反复发作使房角后退22．轴性近视主要与何有关：（ E ）A．角膜曲率过大B．晶状体曲率过大C．前房过深D．玻璃体曲率过大E．眼轴过长23、下列不属于屈光不正的是：（ D ）A．近视B．远视C．散光D．老视E．屈光参差24、调节静止的情况下，平行光线进入近视眼内聚焦于：（ A ）A．视网膜前B．视网膜后C．视网膜上D．一条焦线位于视网膜前，另一条焦线位于视网膜后E．一条焦线位于视网膜上，另一条焦线位于视网膜后25、用角膜映光法检查眼斜度时，反光点落在角膜缘表示其眼球斜视度为：（ E ）A．15°B．20°C．25°D．30°E．45°26．眼球钝挫伤的常见原因不包括下列哪一项：（ D ）A．砖、石块及拳头B．球类打击、跌撞C．交通事故D．刀E．爆炸的冲击波27、前房积血的治疗正确的是：（ D ）A．卧床休息，面向下位以防房角堵塞。
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医学考博真题试卷
首都医科大学
2018 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
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考试科目：眼科学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、单选题 1.视功能检查主要是 A.光视觉 B.形视觉 C.D 2.视觉发育的关键期是 3.结膜的血供 4.Honor 综合征的表现 5.抗青光眼药物的作用说法错误的是
二、名词解释 1.假性翼状胬肉 2.Mechasiny 综合征 3.VKH 4.acomdation 5. RAPD 马切山尼综合症（英文）
三、简答题 1.角膜的组织结构 2.动态视野和静态视野 3.铁质沉着症的临床特点 4.后发性白内障的发生机制 5.类固醇的副作用 6.病理性瞳孔阻滞 7.RPE 功能
四、论述题 1.前房角的结构 2 急性闭角型青光眼的分期及诊断标准
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3.视网膜出血的类型和表现 4.ICE 的临床表现和鉴别诊断 5.六条第1页 共1页