糖尿病周围神经病肌力与复合肌肉动作电位波幅的相关性研究
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糖尿病周围神经病肌力与复合肌肉动作电位波幅的相关性研究
摘要目的探讨糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)患者双下肢肌力与腓总神经运动传导的复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅的相关性。方法75例DPN患者,根据患者下肢肌力分为轻度无力组(3级和4级,32例)和肌力正常组(5级,43例)。采用肌电/诱发电位仪记录腓总神经运动传导速度(MCV)、远端潜伏期(DPL)及复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)的波幅、时限、波形,对数据进行分析。结果轻度无力组MCV减慢10例(31.3%);DPL延长5例(15.6%);肌力正常组MCV减慢13例(30.2%);DPL延长6例(14.0%);两组MCV、DPL 参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻度无力組CMAP平均波幅为(3.3±0.3)mV,
肌力正常组为(5.1±0.2)mV,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组平均时限比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻度无力组CMAP波幅下降率(40.6%)高于肌力正常组(16.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组时限异常率、CMAP波形变异率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CMAP的波幅与DPN 患者肌力相关,可以反映其运动神经轴索损害,结合观察CMAP波形变异有助于提高DPN的检出率。
关键词复合肌肉动作电位;腓总神经;糖尿病周围神经病
Correlation study between muscle strength and CMAP amplitude in diabetic peripheral neuropathy LI Bo,TAN Xue-mei. Department of Neurology,Beijing City Hepingli Hospital,Beijing 100013,China
【Abstract】Objective To explore the correlation between both lower extremities and common peroneal nerve motor conducted compound muscle action potential (CMAP)amplitude. Methods A total of 75 DPN patients were divided by lower limb muscle strength into mild weakness group (grade 3 and 4,32 cases)and normal muscle strength group (grade 5,43 cases). Motor conduction velocity (MCV)of common peroneal nerve,distal latency (DPL)and amplitude,time limit,waveform of composite muscle action potential (CMAP)were recorded by electromyography / evoked potentials. The data were analyzed. Results Mild weakness group had MCV slowing down in 10 cases (31.3%)and DPL extension in 5 cases (15.6%),while normal muscle strength group had MCV slowing down in 13 cases (30.2%)and DPL extension in 6 cases (14.0%). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in MCV and DPL parameters (P>0.05). Mild weakness group had average CMAP amplitude as (3.3±0.3)mV,which was (5.1±0.2)mV in normal muscle strength group,and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in average time limit (P>0.05). Mild weakness group had had higher CMAP amplitude decline rate (40.6%)than normal muscle strength group (16.3%),and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Both groups had no statistically
significant difference in abnormal time limit rate and CMAP waveform variation rate (P>0.05). Conclusion The amplitude of CMAP is related to the muscle strength of DPN patients,which can reflect the damage of motor axon. It is helpful to improve the detection rate of DPN by observing CMAP waveform variation.【Key words】Compound muscle action potential;Peroneal nerve;Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
糖尿病周围神经病(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)可累及感觉神经、运动神经及自主神经[1]。糖尿病患者在病程任意阶段出现周围神经轴索损害则表现肌无力、肌萎缩,特别是双下肢,可与其他疾病相混淆。测定周围神经复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)的波幅是评价周围神经轴索损伤客观、有效的手段。作者选择已确诊的DPN患者进行腓總神经运动神经传导检测,对CMAP电位波幅、波形进行分析,旨在探讨肌力与其相关性。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料选择2015年3月~2016年12月在本院神经内科临床确诊的DPN患者75例,均符合DPN诊断标准,其中男41例,女34例,平均年龄(60.47±10.35)岁,糖尿病(DM)平均病程(9.90±3.57)年。排除重要脏器严重功能障碍者,血液病、感染性多发性神经炎、结缔组织病、下肢闭塞性血管病、足部感染水肿,酒精性、中毒性及其他营养代谢性周围神经病,明显的颈椎及腰椎病,严重退行性骨关节病以及各类肌肉疾病,下肢明显无力患者(肌力0~2级)。根据患者下肢为肌力分为分为轻度无力组(32例)和肌力正常组(43例)。轻度无力组为肌力3和4级,伴有肢体麻木23例,针刺样疼痛5例,行走不稳13例,双下肢音叉振动觉减退、消失10例,双下肢腱反射减退、消失11例。肌力正常组为肌力5级,肢体麻木24例,针刺样疼痛9例,下肢无力17例,双足踏棉感27例,行走不稳18例,双下肢色素沉着8例,双下肢袜套样感觉减退6例,双下肢音叉振动觉减退26例、消失10例,双下肢腱反射减退20例、消失5例。两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、HbA1c 及DNP病程等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
1. 2 电生理检查方法采用应用美国Nicolet公司的四通道Viking Quest型肌电/诱发电位仪,所有操作均在室温20~25℃下由同一技术人员完成,对本研究入选患者行下肢腓总神经运动传导检查。采用皮肤表面电极记录,分别于中踝、腓骨小头下给予超强直流电方波刺激,在伸趾短肌处记录腓总神经的CMAP,进行各参数的测量。
1. 3 观察指标观察两组腓总神经MCV减慢和DPL延长及CMAP的波幅、时限、波形情况。
1. 4 统计学方法采用SPSS20.0统计学软件进行数据统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。