越南学生学习汉语语法常见的四种偏误分析_摘要1

越南学生学习汉语语法常见的四种偏误分析

研究生姓名：李依霖导师姓名：孙建元教授

学科专业：汉语言文字学研究方向：对外汉语教学

年级：2005级

提要

汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语种，中国改革开放以来，随着全球化进程的不断扩大和加深、政治、经济、文化等各方面的频繁交流，使汉语在世界上占有举足轻重的地位，所以对外汉语教学发展得非常迅速，由于地理位置相邻母语为越南语的学习者日益增多。目前，该学习领域也存在着不少问题，较为突出的就是语法问题。虽该领域的研究对语法涉足得也不少，但对于语法偏误的类型的研究却不多。因此，我决定在前人研究成果的基础上，采取语料搜集、问卷调查等形式，加上本人五年来的教学经验，搜集越南学生的语法偏误实例，找出数量最多、使用频率最高、学生困难最大的偏误类型，通过对具体数据的计量统计，本人决定对其作出进一步的探讨。

文章以问卷调查数据为基础，对越南学生在使用汉语的过程中作出了全面的量化分析，除了以问卷测试形式对一、二年级越南学生、进行的定量研究、考察以外，加上本人在五年教学经验中，累积的学生练习，作业，运用科学统计的方法对结果进行检验，结合语言迁移进行对比分析，对偏误现象进行了探讨和分析。在对越南学生习得汉语语法常见的一些偏误现象分析的基础上，对中越相关语法偏误进行研究，归纳偏误典型类。

通过分析，把搜集到的资料按鲁建骥在《外国人学汉语的语法偏误分析》语言文字应用1994年第一期中，开始进行越南学生学习汉语语法常见的四种典型偏误分析 1.遗漏偏误 2.误加偏误 3.误代偏误 4.错序偏误，在分类时力求做到把即共性和差异归类。分析时，从对外汉语教学的角度出发，特别是对越南学生易出错的地方进行了深入细致的说明。

汉语和越语在词汇上有着不少共同点，导致越南人学汉语在很大程度上倾向于依赖母语。这便是语言中的语言迁移现象。另外补充说明越南学生汉语习得偏误原因：越南学生汉语习得偏误原因概说、母语为越南语负迁移的影响。最后总结了越南学生学习汉语语法常见的四种典型偏误分析和习得顺序考察的教与学的启示。

希望通过本人的浅薄之见可以提高对越南学生的教学效果，提高学生的学习效率，也希望本论文将有助于整个对外汉语教学。

关键词：母语迁移；偏误分析；对外汉语教学

Analyzing four errors in grammar for those

Vietnamese students studying Chinese

Student's name: Li Yi Lin Support professor: Pro. Sun Jian Yuan Specialty : Chinese linguitics grammar studies Course : 2005

Research topic : Teaching chinese foreign language

Abstract

Chinese is one of few languages that a lot of people use to communicate in global, from time that China renovated and opened trading door to now, then the globalization and non-stop exchanging cultural, economic and politics relations, etc. Therefore, Chinese is occupying an important and considerable position on the world, so that teaching Chinese for foreigners is quickly developing now. In which, Vietnamese is more and more studying Chinese but most of them usually meet some popular problems such as grammar, in spite that some researchers have been finding out what the obstacles are. However, the research of popular errors in grammar had not been done or not much before. Therefore, I would like to base on the results of the previous researchers, collecting databases, distributing Reference Coupon, and 5-year experience in teaching to give out the most general and rate, as well as the problems and issues have been facing by students. From the above analysis, scientific and statistical evaluation, I'd like myself to go deeper for this matter.

The first is to issue Reference Coupon, getting and analyzing grammar points for those Vietnamese students studying Chinese and doing classify them. Beside of trying to get general opinion from fresh students to research and find out the matters, as well as my 5-year experience in teaching that I have been gathering from the exercises at class and homework. I made use of scientific statistics to bring these results out and verify them all kind of way, in combination of language transfer, collation analyze, error analyze for my research. Afterwards, I did try to summarize all those obstacles that Vietnamese students usually face. And then is to base on the previous foundation of documentation to make research of grammar errors or find out the complication between Vietnamese and Chinese, to catch the key points.

The majority that there are so many same points between traditional Chinese and Vietnamese, leading to the subjective to those Vietnamese students studying Chinese. During the studying process, these students study usually generalize and use wrong the arrangement of words, inaccurate usage words, etc.

After researching of cause of main errors and incorrect language transfer, neglecting