高等教育自学考试综合英语2上总结
全国英语二自考知识点总结
全国英语二自考知识点总结一、单元一：Unit 11.词汇知识首先学习了有关家庭和亲属关系的词汇。
根据不同的年龄和性别，家庭成员有爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、弟弟、儿子、女儿等。
亲属关系包括父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等。
2. 语法知识The use of the verb "to be"主要通过学习“be动词”的用法及其扩展，掌握了be动词的不同形式——am、is、are，以及其用法和基本句型。
英语中的复数形式了解了英语中名词的复数形式的构成规则，掌握了常见名词复数形式的变化规则。
3. 阅读技能通过描述和介绍家庭生活等内容的基础英语对话，学会了正确地理解阅读中的词语和句子，提高了阅读理解能力。
4. 写作技能掌握日常生活中描述家庭成员、自己爱好以及介绍自己的能力。
同时，学习了一般现在时的句子结构及常见问句的构成和用法，提高了日常生活中口语交际的能力。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料听懂日常生活中的一些简单对话，提高了日常生活中的交际能力。
二、单元二：Unit 21. 词汇知识学习了身体部位的名称，如head，shoulder，arm，hand，finger，leg，foot等。
2. 语法知识The use of the Simple Present Tense学习了一般现在时的基本构成和常见句型，提高了一般现在时的使用能力。
动词的否定句和疑问句掌握了动词的否定形式和疑问形式的基本构成和用法，提高了相关问句句型的灵活运用。
3. 阅读技能阅读理解内容主要涉及描述人体部位的基础知识，通过阅读加深了对这些知识的掌握和理解。
4. 写作技能学习了用英语如何正确描述自己的身体部位和健康状况，提高了描述自己和他人的能力，了解了一般现在时句型的使用。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料了解日常对话中关于身体部位和健康状况的内容，提高了日常交际和应对紧急情况的能力。
三、单元三：Unit 31. 词汇知识学习了有关学校生活的词汇，包括学校设施、课程安排、学习用品等。
综合英语二 课文总结
综合英语二课文总结上册Lesson One: Twelve Things I wish they taught at schoolOutline:The author attended junior and senior high school in New York and New Jersey. Sometimes he think how grateful he would be today if he had learned more back then about what really matters.List of the things that school should teach:-Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure you learn a great deal about one or two.-Don’t be afraid to ask “stupid” questions.Many apparently naive questions are really deep questions.-Listen carefully.Try to understand what they are saying, what experience is behind their remarks.-Everybody makes mistakes.The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.-Know your planet.-Science and technology.The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit.-Don't spend your life watching TV.-CultureDon’t restrict to American or Western culture.-CompassionOur passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.Lesson Two: IconsOutline:Heroes and cultural iconsPeople today choose media icons for their “most admired” list.Definition:Heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made often for the benefit of others.Cultural icons are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic.Being somebodyOne hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.Boorstin: “The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.”Heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it” in America.Lesson Three: Go-go AmericansOutline:Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. Americans seem to be always in a hurry. For example, they elbow their way when they try to complete errands. They eat in a hurry in order to make room for others. When talking business, they will not waste time on dinners and golf course.Americans always have strict schedule. They will have one appointment following hard on the heel of another and live according to it.Americans produce a lot of labor-saving devices ad prefer telecommunication.Lesson Four: Take Over, Bos’n!Outline:There was a shipwreck and the survivors have been floating on a lifeboat for 20 days. Snyder kept his gun aimed at others in order to keep them away from the water they craved. Snyder knew that once the water was gone they’d have nothing to look forward to but death. Jeff Barrett was the nearest one and a constant threat. He was ready to jump at the last canteen of water. Snyder was in command and he had to think of them all. Snyder couldn’t hold on anymore and the instant he fell asleep he whispered “Take Over, Bos’n.” In the end, they were rescued, and Barrett knew he couldn’t afford to think only of himself as the man in command.Lesson Five: Are you giving your kids too much?Outline:The tendency to give children an overabundance of toys and clothes is quite common in American families. In far too many families not only do children come to take their parents’generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges-for example, when parents send a child to an expensive summer camp that the parents can’t really afford.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their children out of a sense of guilt.Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didn’t get.Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children’s unreasonable demands.Children may become greedy, self-centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of others. When children are given too much, it undermines their respect for their parents.Overindulged children are not as creative in their play as other children.Lesson Six: Culture shockOutline:Definition:An occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Cause:Anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Symptoms:1.They will reject the host environment and grumble about the difficulties.2.Regression: home environment suddenly took on tremendous importance and it usually takea trip home to bring them back into reality.3.Some specific indicators of culture shock include: washing hands excessively, fits of angerover minor frustration and terrible longing to go back home and so on.Phases:1.Honeymoon phase: everything is perceived to be charming and interesting.2.Crisis stage: fresh appeal wears off and everyday reality sinks in. You begin to sense thedifficulties in learning language and establishing social relationship.3.Recovery stage: You can cope with the host environment on the basis of some mastery,competence and comfort.4.Adjustment: You function automatically in the new culture. You regain the initial positiveregard you had in the honeymoon stage.Lesson Seven: The Model Millionaire 1Outline:Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the unemployed. Hughie was wonderfully good-looking, and popular with men as well as women. He had gone on Stock exchange, had been a tea merchant and had tried selling dry sherry. At last he became nothing, a delightful, useless young man with a perfect face and no profession.To make matters worse, he was in love with Laura Merton, the daughter of a former army officer who was bad-tempered. Laura’s father would not hear of any engagement unless Hughie had ten thousand pounds.One morning, he went to see his friend, Alan Trevor, who was a painter. He slipped all he had (a pound) to a miserable-looking beggar model in his friend’s studio.Lesson Eight: The Model Millionaire 2Outline:That night Hughie met his friend Trevor again at a club, Trevor told him that he told the old beggar all about Hughie’s private affairs, including the cruel father, the lovely Laura and the ten thousand pounds. He also told Hughie that painters’ business is to show the world as they see it, not to make it better. Trevor also told Hughie that the old beggar called Baron Hausberg was one of the richest men in Europe. Hughie regretted having given Baron Hausberg a pound, but Trevor thought it showed his kindness of spirit. However, it turns out that Baron gave Hughie a cheque for ten thousand pounds as a wedding present to Hughie and Laura!Lesson Nine: Only Three More DaysOutline:William, an American reporter, intended to take Berlin diaries out of the city, but there was enough in them to get him hanged, if the Gestapo ever discovered them. He put diaries at the bottom of the suitcase ad put broadcast scripts and General Staff maps above. He then phoned Gestapo and asked to be inspected. At the critical moment, he mentioned he reported on the great success of German army, and that settled everything. At the airport, due to dozens of seals from Gestapo, he successfully flew off.Lesson Ten: The WashwomanOutline:This is a story about one Gentile washwoman who came to the house to fetch the author’s family’s laundry. She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. She was already past seventy. She possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Every piece of laundry was as clean as polished silver. Every piece was neatly ironed, and she charged no more than others. She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the poor and aged. But there was a certain pride and love of labor in her that kept her from doing so. In spite that her son treated her cruelly, she never complained. She returned the laundry to its rightful owners even when she was severely ill.Lesson Eleven: How I served my apprenticeshipOutline:-Father: Used to be a well-to-do master weaver . He owned no fewer than four handlooms and employed apprentices. When the steam engine came, handloom weaving naturally declined and the father was out of work.-Carnegie: Soon followed his father to work in a cotton factory as a “bobbin-boy” He felt very proud when he received his first week’s earnings because it was given to him because he had been of some use. He then became a contributing member of his family. He thought this made a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. He was filled with a feeling of satisfaction because the money was the hard-earned reward of honest work. He believed that he would get into a better position some day.-Poverty: poverty is not an evil, on the contrary, it is upon which certain virtues are produced.These virtues have enabled the human race to reach a high-level of civilization. Poverty enables children of the poor to grow up in the genuine loving care of their parents. At an early age, children of the poor family began to share their parents’responsibility of supporting the family. This helps to develop a sense of responsibility in them, this is why many outstanding people come from poor families.Lesson Twelve: A Friend of the EnvironmentOutline:When she was a little girl, Rachel Carson liked birds, plants and other animals. When she was a sophomore, she was even keen on nature. The biology course she took widened her horizon, and made her discover the wonder and excitement of scientific study of the animals. After graduation, she was engaged in research, researching the sea animals, and she published articles about it. In 1951, The Sea Around Us, a popular scientific book, was published and it was on the best-seller list for more than eighty consecutive weeks. In another book Silent Spring(1962), Carson sounded a startling warning to mankind; if human beings keep using the poisonous chemical pesticides indiscriminately, all the birds and other animals and plants would be destroyed. And then there might come a springtime that would indeed be silent. The book, for the first time, made the public aware of an important issue-environmental protection, hence it became a landmark of human beings’ efforts to save the earth, the common home of human beings and their friends.Lesson Thirteen: Who shall dwell?Outline:1.Stage One(the getting ready)When the bomb alert was announced by the announcer, the father and the mother responded to it differently. Father was shocked and puzzled. He could not quite believe it.Then he jumped to his feet to take his children to the shelter. The mother’s first response to it was to get her children.2.Stage Two(the waiting)While in the shelter the man and his wife knew that others would come soon, begging and crying to be taken in now that the time was here. They had argued about this when the shelter was being built. But they didn’t have similar views. The mother wanted to share their refuge with their neighbors, while the father though a man’s primary duty is to protect his family.3.Stage Three(the last three minutes)Before the first bomb struck the mother stepped out and gave her place to a little girl. There were two minutes left, and the father made his decision. He stepped out and snatched up the two children nearest him, and shoved them into the shelter. He asked his elder son to take care of the children.4.ConclusionThe husband and wife had much in common in that they were both kind and unselfish people.Lesson Fourteen: Cipher in the SnowOutline:1.What happened that morning on the author’s way to school?- A boy died on the way to school; the students and the staff were shocked at the news; they didn’t know who he was.-Since the author was listed as the boy’s favorite teacher, he was sent to the boy’s home by the principal.2.What did the author learn about Cliff later?-His mother was very sad at hearing the news; his stepfather was indifferent to it; he has never been adopted by his stepfather.-From his records, the author knew that education and his teachers made him become nobody.-The author was very angry at the result.3.How did this incident influence the author?-She has never forgotten Cliff Evans.-She decided to fight to the bitter end doing battle with society and the school board.-She will not make every student a nobody.Lesson Fifteen: Bribery- An inevitable Evil?Outline:-What are the major forms of bribery?Bribery can be classified into three broad categories.1.The first category consists of large amount of money paid for political purposes or to securemajor contracts. For example, a certain American company offered big sums of money to support a U.S. presidential candidate when it was under investigation. Also in order to get big contracts, such payments are often made to ruling families or their close advisers.2.The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of someproject, to speed up the wheels of bureaucracy. In such cases, the money is often paid to key-government officials concerned.3.The third category involves payments made in certain countries where it is traditional topay people to facilitate the passage of a business deal. For instance, a foreign company may pay to get permission to import equipment. A common type of this category is the"facilitating payment" to clear cargoes. These are smaller sums of money paid to customs officials.-Is bribery an inevitable evil?It is true that bribery in business is still pervasive today. But that does not mean bribery should be eternally inevitable. All countries should take measures to fight bribery. National and international laws should be formulated to ban bribery. Political reforms should be carried outto minimize the necessity, possibility and feasibility of bribery. With the ceaseless efforts of the entire world, bribery in business can be conquered.Lesson Sixteen: A Social EventOutline:Randy and Carole are a young promising Hollywood couple. They want to attend the famous star Scotty Woodrow’s funeral to promote their prestige. They are worried because they are notinvited. They call their agent to help, but to no avail. Then they want to crash or find the excuse of food poisoning for not attending the funeral, but neither way is feasible. They finally make it as family members of their cook, Muriel, who worked previously for Mr. Woodrow. They feel somewhat uneasy, but they find themselves an excuse.下册Lesson One: Courtesy: Key to a Happier WorldOutline:The basic ingredients of good manners:1. A strong sense of justice.2.Empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, tounderstand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it.3.The capacity to treat all people alike.Anyone can improve his or her manners by doing three things:1.Practicing courtesy.2.Thinking in a courteous way.3.Being able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way.Lesson Two: The Man who could work Miracles 1Outline:Mr. Fotheringay didn’t believe in miracle until he was thirty years old. But one day when he experienced the fact that the lamp hung upside down in the air, burning quietly with its flame pointing down by his will, he feared , and wondered. So he went home with face red and hot. Alone in his little bedroom, he asked himself:”What on earth happened?”After he tried a series of experiments, his perception of possibilities of miracles enlarged. For a time he stared at the miracle he worked and looked up and met his own gaze in the looking glass. He wondered whether his experiences might not be a dream. Then he made another series of experiments to will things such as turning a glass of water pink and then green increasing his personal properties, etc. Finally, he reached the fact that his will power must be unusual and strong, so the fears of his first discovery were mixed with pride, ideas of advantage and delight.Lesson Three: The man who could work miracles 2Outline:On Sunday, Mr. Fotheringay confided his extraordinary power to the clergyman, Mr. Maydig, and performed some miracles for him. Mr. Maydig felt surprised at this, and urged on Mr. Fotheringay to make one miracle after another. Their ambitions became larger and larger, finally at the request of the clergyman, Mr. Fotheringay stopped rotation of the earth. The earth did stop, however, the movables upon its surface did not stop and go on moving, and made serious damages. Mr. Fotheringay perceived his miracles had been miscarried, so he ordered that everything be as it was, with that, he willed the loss of his odd power.Lesson Four: Zero Hour: Forty-Three Seconds over HiroshimaOutline:1.When Kaz saw a B-29 approaching, it didn’t frighten her, because she thought Hiroshima wasthe only peaceful city during the war.2.Kaz saw the bomb falling away from the plane and drifting down towards her. The journeytook 43 seconds. A loud explosion reverberated in the air. A mushroom cloud rose over the remains of the city. Kaz was flung to the ground so violently that her two front teeth broke off.She sunk into unconsciousness.3.When Kaz came to herself, she found there was a dead silence around, broken only by thecries of the dying. Their house crashed down. The father had the front of his body burnt.When her brother came back, she could barely recognize him through his wounds.4.Kaz had fallen ill with all the symptoms of radiation sickness, the disease was one of thefrightening aftershocks of the bomb, Kaz fell as if she was dying. She run a fever. She felt sick and dizzy, almost drunk. Her gums and her bowels were bleeding. She looked like a ghost.Finally she recovered, but the illness had not really left her, it had gone into hiding.Lesson Five: First PrinciplesOutline:The wades were a middle-class family of five, Henry, Emily, their 14-year-old daughter Lauraand their two younger sons. They lived in New York City.A month before Christmas, Henry, the breadwinner of the family, lost his job. He and his wife decided to spend Christmas on their farm, where they had a simple but memorable celebration. They gave Laura as gifts a picture and a small brooch that had belonged to her grandmother,and the boy’s balls and story books. The family had a turkey and a tree from their own woods. They had a lot of fresh air and exercise. The children were more than satisfied. Emily thoughtno other family had a nicer Christmas than they did.Christmas should be an occasion to express one’s love for one’s family and Christmas gifts should gifts should be what one can afford and what is worth remembering.Lesson Six: The Beauty of BritainOutline:Britain is a small land, but it is very beautiful. One of its charms lies in its variety. Like any other big countries, it has mountains, plains, rivers, and lakes within its land of 240500 square kilometers. Someone may say that mountains there are only mountains in miniature. However, they possess the air of high mountains though they are small. Another characteristic of Britain is its pleasant surprises. A traveler will be constantly surprised at what he sees. On the rolling plains, he may suddenly find high mountains with steep slopes in the front. In a highly industrialized area, he will find a rough plain unexpectedly. But what touches the traveler most is the compromise between Nature and Man, villages and cities. This characteristic is the most evident in the suburbs, where the inhabitants can not only enjoy the civilization of the city, but can also live an easy life like a country gentleman.Lesson Seven: Some Meanings of Authentic LoveOutline:1. Love means I know the person I love.2. Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love.3. Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love.4. Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love.5. Love means growth for both myself and the person I love.6. Love can tolerate imperfection.7. Love is freeing.8. Love is expansive.9. Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete.10. Love means identifying with the person I love.11. Love is selfish.12. Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love.Lesson Eight: How I Designed an A-Bomb in my junior year at PrincetonOutline:Phillips was a below-average physics student. He decided to design an A-bomb to prove that a terrorist group could easily make an A-bomb with the information and materials available. He chose Freeman Dyson as his adviser, who actually gave little help. He first mastered basic principles and theories. In Washington D. C. he got some valuable documents from the records of the Los Alamos Project declassified between 1954 and 1964. An atomic bomb is like a marble inside a grapefruit inside a basketball inside a beach ball. At the center of the bomb is the initiator, a marble-size piece of mental. Around the initiator is a grapefruit-size ball of plutonium-239. Wrapped around the plutonium is a three-inch reflector shield made of beryllium. High explosives are placed symmetrically around the beryllium shield. Most of the supplies are legally available at hardware stores and chemical-supply houses. Plutonium would be the most difficult supply. Phillips scanned government documents and put together a huge jigsaw puzzle. He ran through a series of new calculations, mathematically figuring the arrangement of the explosives around the plutonium. He called the DuPont Company about the explosives he would use. In less than three months’ time, he succeeded in designing an A-bomb.Lesson Nine: Forty Years OnOutline:Aunt Carrie was the aunt to both John Bullyer and me. John and I did not meet each other until 50 years later when they were In their early sixties. During the forty years, they were compelled to compete with each other. Both of them achieved success in their life. And only when the moment they met each other did they realize that it was their aunt who helped them a lot.Lesson Ten: On FriendshipOutline:Four different-kinds of friendship：1.AmericanFew American stay put for a lifetime. To Americans, “friend”is applied to a wide range of relationships.2.FrenchIn France，as in many European countries，friends generally are of the same sex，and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. For the French，friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person‘s intellect，temperament and particular interests. French friendships are divided into categories,. These friendships are not made part of family life.3.GermanCommon feelings lies at the core of friendships for Germans. Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother. Deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both can destroy a German friendship.4.EnglishThe basis of English friendship is shared activity.Lesson Eleven: Selling the Post 1Outline:-Mother’s Character:1.Self-reliant: she brought two children up all by herself and made something of Russell.2.Strict: She always cited maxims to goad her son when he complained about difficulties.3.Considerate: When she found Russell couldn’t make a success in the world of business,she didn’t stick to it but rather encouraged Russell to do something he was good at.Russell began working in journalism when he was eight years old. The flaw in his character which his mother had already spotted was lack of gumption. In contrast, Doris liked activity. When she was only seven, she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P, threaten the manager with legal action and come back triumphantly with the full quarter pound they'd paid for and a new extra thrown in for forgiveness .One afternoon, his mother arranged Russell to see an executive of Curtis Publishing Company. The man did an interview with Russell and assigned Russell to sell the newspaper and made the him a representative of the company. The following Tuesday Russell embarked on the highway of journalism.Lesson Twelve: Selling the Post 2Outline:Russell failed in his first day selling. He told his mother he’d changed his mind about wanting to succeed in the magazine business. After hearing those words his mother forced him to continue even though he hated it. Afterwards, she instructed him in salesmanship. But finally his mother concluded that he would never make something of himself by pursuing a life in business and started considering careers that demanded less competitive zeal. After reading a short composition of her son she decided to make him become a writer.Lesson Thirteen: How to grow oldOutline :-The recipe for keeping youth is to develop wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be affective.-What’s more, you have to avoid two things.1.Too great an absorption in the past2.Clinging to your children. If you stay with your child too close, they might consider you aburden.-Old man shouldn’t be afraid of death. If they have finished everything that is in them to do, the fear of death might be ignoble.Three passions Russell has lived for:1.The longing for love.2.The search for knowledge.3.Unbearable pity for suffering of mankind.Lesson Fourteen: The ListenerOutline:1.In my opinion, the major characters of the lighthouse keeper are listed as follows:2.First of all, he was very brave.3.We learn from the essay that in the face of the violent storm, he remains equable, seeminglytook it as the involuntary movement of his body.4.Next, he was hospitable.5.Although he had never met the fiddler before in his life, the lighthouse keeper took him inand offered him food and drinks.st but not the least, he was a considerable listener.7.Ignorant as he was about violin, when the fiddler played a piece of passionate music, helistened massively, and conferred upon him greatest importance.8.In conclusion, the lighthouse keeper was courageous, kind and willing to identify with theinner world of a stranger as well.Lesson Fifteen: Edison: Inventor of InventionOutline:Edison is the greatest inventor of the world. His inventions include the incandescent lamp, the photograph and innumerable other devices. But the total effect of his career surpasses the sum of all of them. His greatest contribution to mankind is that is that he altered the mentality of mankind and established the place of scientific research in human society.People in the previous ages viewed the world as unchangeable and beyond man’s control. Edison and his inventions demonstrated and helped people accept the idea that the world could be changed, things could be invented and life could be made better. Largely because of his success, there came into wide acceptance the revolutionary conception that man could by the use of his intelligence invent a new mode of living on this planet.Edison was the supreme propagandist of science and his name the great symbol of an almost blind faith in its possibilities. He was not only the symbol but the creator of a new age.。
自考英语二
自考英语二自考英语二：学习方法与技巧引言自考英语二是许多自考生必须面对的一门考试科目。
对于许多自考生来说，学习英语是一项具有挑战性的任务。
然而，只要掌握一些有效的学习方法和技巧，就能更加轻松地应对这门考试。
一、合理规划学习时间自考生在备考过程中应当充分利用自己的时间，并制定一份合理的学习计划。
学习计划应当包括每天的学习时间、学习目标以及学习内容。
合理规划学习时间，可以避免学习内容的堆积，提高学习效率。
二、积累词汇量词汇的掌握是英语学习的基础。
自考生应当注重词汇的积累和记忆。
可以通过背单词卡、多读多写等方式进行词汇记忆。
此外，可以尝试使用一些在线词汇学习工具，比如Quizlet、Memrise等。
三、多做真题做真题是提高自考英语二成绩的有效方法。
可以通过购买一些自考英语二的真题辅导书籍，或者下载一些模拟试卷进行练习。
在做真题的过程中，要注意审题、理解题意，培养解题思路和技巧。
四、听力技巧自考英语二中的听力部分是较为关键的一部分。
在备考过程中，可以经常进行听力练习，提高听力理解能力。
可以通过听英语新闻、英文歌曲等提高自己的听力水平。
同时，注意记笔记、掌握常见的听力技巧，比如预测、划重点等。
五、阅读技巧自考英语二的阅读部分需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力。
在备考过程中，可以选择一些英文新闻、杂志等阅读材料进行练习。
同时，注重培养阅读速度和理解能力，学会运用一些阅读技巧，比如略读、扫读等。
六、写作技巧自考英语二的写作部分要求考生能够用英语进行写作，并表达清晰准确的意思。
在备考过程中，可以选择一些英文写作素材，进行写作练习。
同时，注重阅读一些范文，学习范文的语言表达方式和写作结构。
七、口语训练自考英语二的口语部分要求考生具备基本的口语表达能力。
在备考过程中，可以通过与他人进行英语对话，或者参加一些英语角等活动，提高口语交际能力。
同时，可以尝试模仿一些英语口语录音，学习正确的发音和语音语调。
结语通过合理规划学习时间、积累词汇量、多做真题、提高听力、阅读和写作技巧以及进行口语训练，自考生可以更加有效地准备自考英语二。
自考综合英语二作文整理
1, why does the author tell us not to be afraid to ask stupid” questions?The author thinks that many apparently naïve inquiries like why grass is green, or why the sun is round, or why we need 55,000 unclear weapons in the world- are really deep questions. He says when you try to get the answers; you will gain deep understanding of the things. It’s also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you don’t know, and asking question like the way, he also tells us to ask “stupid”questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer, and don’t confine you learning to schoolwork. Discuss ideas in depth with friends, it’s much braver to ask questions even when there’s a prospect of ridicule than to suppress you questions and become deadened to the world around you.2What are the factors to shift the hero-worship to the celebrity worship?The new forms of media-photography, moving pictures, radio and television are the main factors.The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly the focus of public attentionbegan to shift away fromknowing what such peopledid to knowing what theylooked like.The shift was acceleratedby the arrival of movingpictures. Between 1901 and1974, 74percent of themagazine articles aboutfamous people were aboutpolitical leaders, inventors,professionals, andbusinessmen. After 1922,however, most articles wereabout movie starsWith the arrival oftelevision, the faces of thestars became as familiar asthose we saw across thebreakfast table. We came toknow more about the livesof the celebrities than wedid about most of thepeople we know personally.Less than seventy yearsafter the appearance of thefirst moving pictures, theshift from hero-worship tocelebrity- worship wascomplete.3 what is the Americans’attitude towards time? Givenecessary examples.In the United States, manypeople keenly feel theshortness of each life-time.They are aware that once aday in their life is gone, itwill never come back. AndAmericans believe no onestands still. If you are notmoving ahead, you arefalling behind. So theyvalue time and want everyminute to count.This attitude towards timeis shown in the fast pace oflife in thecountry .whatever they dothey always seem to be in arush. You find peoplehurrying to get where theyare going. They hurry toeating places for a meal andfinish it as quickly aspossible.Also Americans do whatthey can to save time. Theyproduce a lot oflabor=saving devices suchas clothes-and dish-washers.They rapidly communicatethrough phone calls.Telex-and email and cutdown on personal contacts.4can you imagine what didbarrette think of when heheard Snyder’s whisper“take over ,bos’n?Because of thirst, barrettewas almost out of mind. Herose several times and wasa constant threat. But heheard Snyder said “takeover, bos’n ,he had astrange feeling suddenly.He came to realize hewould and must take overthe task and be responsiblefor the rest. As long as hestopped others from thelittle water, they wouldalways have hopes andwouldn’t die soon. So hepicked Snyder’s gun up anddecided to hold off theother from the water untilnight when a ship savedthem.5why parents overindulgetheir children?There are several reasons toexplain why parentsoverindulge their children.One fairly common reasonis that parents who bothhold down full-time jobsmay feel guilty about theamount of time they spendaway from their childrenand may attempt tocompensate by showeringthem with materialpossessions. Other parentsoverindulge, because theywant their children to haveeverything they had whilegrowing up, along withthose things the parentsyearned for but didn’t get.Still others are afraid of sayno to their children’sendless requests for toys forfear that their children willfell unloved or will beridiculed if they don’t havethe same playthings theirfriends have.6what are four stages thatpeople go through whenthey experience situationsthat are very different fromthose to which they areaccustomed?Stage one is a honeymoonphase, which the newexperience is perceived tobe interesting, picturesque,entertaining ,and charming.You may notice severalsuperficial differences suchas music, food and clothing,and the fresh appeal of thenew experience keeps youfeeling interested andpositive. When you stay ina new environment for awhile, you move to stagetwo-the crisis stage- inwhich the shine wears offday to day realities sink in.in relationship, you noticeannoying habits in a newcountry , you few politephrase. If you stick with theexperience and try to dealwith it realistically you will probably move to the third phase: recovery. In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. Finally, when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture, you will move to the fourth phase: adjustment.7suppose you are the millionaire. Explain how you get to know Hughie Erskine and what you do in return for the pound he gave you when you first met.I’m baron hausberg. I have enough money to buy the whole of London. One day, on a whim I asked my artist friend Alan Trevor to paint me as beggar. Alan had almost finished the picture when a very charming young man walked into his studio. I suppose he must have been very sympathetic with me. For when Alan was away a minute, the young man quickly put a pound into my hat. I was startled for a moment, but I was please when I realized that he took me for a real beggar.Later I learned from Alan all about this young man: he was poor, and could not marry the girl he loved because her father wouldn’t let them unless he had 10,000pounds. Touched by the young man’s spirit ofkindness, I decided to helphim. The next day I had acheque for 10000poundsdelivered to him as awedding gift.8retell the story “the modelmillionaire in about 150words, concluding yourretelling with aone-sentence comment.Hughie Erskine was acharming young man whowas in love with a nice girlcalled Laura Merton.Laura’s father made it clearto Hughie that he would notmarry his daughter to himuntil Hughie had thethousand pounds.One day, Hughie went tosee his artist friend AlanTrevor in his studio. Therehe found his friend paintinga beggar, who was an oldman in rags, Hughie felt sosorry for the poor modelthat he gave him the onlypound he had.The old model was actuallya millionaire, when heheard all about Hughie andLaura, and their problem,he had a cheque for tenthousand pounds deliveredto him the very nextDay. The couple washappily married, and the“beggar” attended theirwedding.The story shows that agenuine millionaire is notwho has, but who gives.9the author got a solutionfinally. What was thesolution? Was it risky?He laid out the diaries intwo big steel suitcases, overthem he placed a number ofhis broadcast scripts, eachpage of which had beenstamped by the military andcivilian censors as passedfor broadcast. On top he puta few general staff maps hehad pick up from friends.then he phoned the Gestapoheadquarters to say he hada couple of suitcases full ofhis dispatches, broadcastsand notes that he wanted totake out of the country. Ashe was flying off early thenext day, there would be notime for Gestapo officials atthe airfield to go over thecontents, could they take alook now, if he broughtthem over, and if theyapproved, put a Gestaposeal on the suitcases so hewouldn’t be held up at theairport? Yes it was risky. Hethought life in the thirdReich had always beenrisky. It was worth a try.10decribe the situation that“I saw the old washwomanfor last time.One evening ,while motherwas sitting near the oillamp mending a shirt, thedoor opened and a smallpuff of steam, followed bya gigantic bag, entered theroom. I ran toward the oldwoman and helped herunload her bag, she waseven thinner now, morebent, her head shook fromside to side as though shewere saying no. she couldnot utter a clear word, butmumbled something withher sunken mouth and palelips.After the old woman hadrecovered somewhat, shetold us that she had been illbadly. But as soon as shewas able to stand on herfeet once more, she beganhe washing. She said Icould not rest easy in mybed because of the wash.the wash would not let medie. I don’t want to be aburden on anyone!11why was AndrewCarnegie so proud of theone dollar and twentycents- the first pay hebrought home?Carnegie was very proud ofthe one dollar and twentycents he earned for the firsttime in his life when he wasonly twelve, the money,though small inamount ,meant a great deal.First ,when he got his firstpay he felt that he hadgrown up. He way nolonger a boy who had todepend on his parents; hehad become a man who wasable to help support thefamily. A contributingmember. This wasimportant because at thattime life was hard for thefamily and it was difficultfor his parents to managealone.Also he thought the moneywas the direct reward ofhonest manual labor. Itrepresented a week of veryhard work. This moneygave him the greatestsatisfaction of beingrewarded for what he haddone.12why did Rachel Carsonwrite the “silent spring“what’s the conent of it?Because she felt that thewonders of nature are precious and permanent, and much of nature was forever beyond the destruction of man. But then she discovered she was wrong. She learned with sadness that little in nature is truly beyond the “tampering reach of man”then, she wrote the book silent spring to sound a startling warning to mankind and the book showed quite clearly that man was endangering himself and everything else on this planet by his indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. As her title suggests, miss Carson was saying that there might come a springtime that would indeed be silent because the birds. As well as other creatures, and plants would have been destroyed by the man-made poisons used to kill crop-threatening insects.13in the story “who shall dwell? How did the father’s attitude towards the neighbors change? What brought about the change. When the bomb alert came, the father was clear that he had built the shelter for his own family, and that he would not le anybody else in. so when his neighbours came and asked to share the shelter he rejected them flatly. When a mother begged him to take her little girl in, he did not know what to do. At that moment his wife dashed outside and pushed the girl in. her act set him thinking hard. Just amoment before the firstbomb struck he made a bigdecision. After giving hiselder son a few instructions,he stepped out and shovedtwo children into the shelter.He stood beside his wife,ready to spend the lastminute with her.His change seemed sudden,but was actually quitenatural. He loved hischildren, so he was greatlyaffected by the mother’splea and gave the chance ofsurvival to the two children.Also his love for his wifeled him to follow herexample.14describe cliff evans’lifebefore his sudden deathCliff evans lived with hismother, stepfather and fiveyounger half brothers andsisters.His stepfather had neverlegally adopted him,nor didhe show any affection forhim. At home cliff didn’ttalk much and had nevertold his family about hisproblems.When he began school, hewas timid but eager to learn.And his iq was pretty good.Then in the third grade ateacher worte in the schoolrecord that he wasuncooperative and slow.Since then he had never gotany encouragement fromhis teachers, gradually, thechild had no moreconfidence left. He neversmiled nor talked much. Hehad no friends:he had neverbelonged to a club, neverplayed on a team and neverheld an office. He came toschool by himself and leftby himself. In class, hewould sit back in the lastseat. Finally he becamesilent and lonely. Hebecame nothing.15what are the major formsof bribery?Bribery can be classifiedinto three broad categories.The first category consistsof large amounts of moneypaid for political purposesor to secure major contracts.For example, a certainAmerican company offeredbig sums of money tosupport a us presidentialcandidate when it wasunder investigation. Also inorder to get big contracts,such payments are oftenmade to ruling families ortheir close advisers.The second categorycovers payments made tobotain quicker officialapproval of some project.In such cases, the money isoften paid to keygovernment officialsconcerned.The third category involvespayments made in certaincountries to make abusiness deal easy to getapproved, for instance, aforeign company may payto get permission to importequipment. A common typeof this category is the“facilitating payment”toclear cargoes. These aresmaller sums of money paidto customs officials.16what do you know aboutrandy ad carole in “a socialevent? Why are theyanxious to get invited toscotty’s funeral.Randy and carole are ayoung Hollywood couple.They have been marriedonly a short time. Bothhave achieved a certaindegree of success inpictures, but their careers inthe snow business are stillin the promising stage.Scotty Woodrow, aworld-famous moive starhas just died, and randy andcarole are anxious to go tohis funeral, which will be agathering of celbrities andis regarded as a big socialevent. It is said that flowershave come from the uspresident and the birtishqueenRandy and carole think it isextremely important fortheir career to be seen therewith a lot of big shots. Butthey haven’t got aninvitation while some oftheir Hollywood friends,actors and actress liketheselves, have been invited.That’s why they are worriedand are trying hard to findways of getting themselvesinvited in the last minute.1illustrate with examplesthe basic ingredients ofgood manners Dr . pealementions in his article”courtesy”Dr. peale lists three thingsas the basic ingredient ofgood manners: a strongsense of justice, the ablityto share another person’sinner feelings and thecapacity to treat all peoplealike.Once a man was drivingalong, narrow and dusty road ahead of another car. Suddenly he stopped off the road and told the driver of the car behind to get ahead of him. He did not want the other person to put up with hid dust all the way. This is a man with a strong sense of justice.A courteous person can also understand the pain or unhappiness of others. He\she offers help without hurting the feeling of the other person because he\she shares their emotions as if they were his\he own. Finally , a person with good manners treats all people alike, whether they are plain citizens or big shots. He\she never asks whether the other person deserves their good manners.2how did mr. fotheringay discover his unusual powers and how did he take advantage of them?It was while he was trying to prove the impossibility of miracles that mr. fotheringay discover his extraordinary powers.He was having a drink in a bar, a person called toddy opposed everything he said, this made him very angry. He wanted to show toddy that the lamp there couldn’t burn upside down without breaking no matter how he wished it to do so. But as soon as he said”turn upside down without breaking, the lamp did as fotheringay had just said.Back at home he experimented with his magical powers and cameto see that he could withthings. The next day hebegan to take advantage ofthis unusual power. By hiswill he first got a freshgooes-egg for breakfast. Inthe same day he got thewhole day’s work done in10 minutesHe also created a number ofuseful things and increasedhis personal property.3how did mr. fotheringay’sattitude towards changes?Mr.fotheringay didn’tbelieve In miracles until hewas thirty years old. It waswhile he was assertiong theimpossiblity of miraclesthat he discovered hisextraordinary powers. Oneday ,when he was having adrink in a bar, toddybeamish opposedeverything he said, so hedecided to make an unusualeffort.he tried to illustratewhat was a miracle bygiving a special example,that is, to make a lampupside down and go onburning steadily withoutfalling. To his great surprise,what he said came ture.Everyone was astonished atit. They all didn’t believe it,after going back home, hetried his will power. Hesucceeded in getting amatch and lighting thecandle with his will power.He wondered at his willpower. Then he tried to gethimself a nightshirt. Layand cook a goose-egg,Do one day’s work in tenminutes, make walkingstick blossom, and sent thepoliceman to hades, then tosan franciso by using hiswill power. In the end heleft delighted even thouthhe understood that the giftrequired caution andwatchfulness.4what did kaz see on thatday?When she saw a b-29bomber approaching, itdidn’t frighten her, becauseshe thought Hiroshima wasthe only peaceful cityduring the war.but, then,kaz saw the bomb fallingaway from the plane anddrifting down towards her.The journery took 43seconds. A loud explosionreverberated in the air. Amushroom cloud rose overthe remains of the city. Kazwas thrown to the groundso wiolently that her twofront teeth broke off. Shelost consciousness. Whenshe came to herself. Shefound there was a deadsilence around, broken onlyby the cries of the dying.Their house crashed down.Her father had the front ofhis body burnt. When herbrother came back.shecould barely recongnizehim through his wounds. Asnight fell, she and hebrother made for themountains to look for afriend of kaz’s who offeredto take them in. there kazlooked back and saw thecity on fire. She left hebrother behind and randown the hillside towardsthe flames for her parents.The streets were filled withthe dead and the barelyliving.5how did the wadescelebrate the Christmas?Several days beforeChristmas, they’d gongdown to their ouw littlefarm. They had cut a tree intheir own woods. They hadeaten and slept, and read bythe light of oil lamps. Thechildren had been morethan satisfied with theirpresents, there had beenballs, erector sets, a numberof story books, and a lot ofjunk from the five-and –tenfor the boys, and for laura,a picture Emily had foundcheap in a second-hand artshop and small brooch thathad brightenedeverything.whether she waschopping wood, or rompingwith her brothers,Or basting the turkey, ortalking politics verysensibly with her father,she’d seemed to radiatehappiness. On new year’seve , they had given her aweak highball, the firstshe’d ever had, and she hadgong to sleep sitting on thefloor with her rosycheek against henr’s knee.The family all had a verywonderful time!6what is the characteristicsof Britan’s landscape thatgoes with variety?With variety goes surprise.Ours is the country ofhappy surprise. You havenever to travel long withoutbeing pleasantly astonished.It would not be difficult tocompile a list of suchsurprises that would fill thenext fifty pages. But I willcontent myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me. If go down into the west country, among rounded hills and soft pastures, you suddenly arrive at the bleak tabelands as if the north had left a piece of itself down ther. But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by the queer bit of marshland, as if a former inhabitant had been sent to Cambridge and had brought his favorite marshland walk back from college with him into the west.7 in the author’s opinion, what does love mean? Love means that I know the person I love. Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love. Love means having respect fro the dignity of the person I love. Love means having responsibility toward the person I love. Love means growth for both myself and the person I love. Love can tolerate imperfection. Love is freeing. Love is expansive. Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete. Love means identifying with the person I love. Love is selfish. Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love.8how did Phillips design an atomic bomb in his junior year at Princeton?Phillips read over the books on nvclear-reactortechnology, general nuclearphysics, and current atomictheory. Besides, he listenedto dyson’s explanations ofthe basic principles ofnvclear physics. Thatwasn’t enough.In order to find more usefulinformation, Phillips wentto Washington. D. c tosearch for records of the losAlamos oproject that weredeclassified fully outlinedall the details of atomicfissioning known to theworld’s most advancedscientists in the early1940s.The biggest probleminvolved in the explosion ofan atomic bomb was how toarrange the explosivesaround the plutonium.Another problem he wasfaced with was whichexplosives around theplutonium, if his equationsWere correct, his atomicbomb would explodeeffectively as expected. Buthe should know the exactnature of the explosivesfrom du pont company.Now ,so to speak, healready succeeded indesigning an atomic bombon paper.9 what do you think are theadvantages anddisadvantages of goading?I think goading is a goodway to prod the children tobehave well.In a way, goading ispositive. As human beings,we all have the sense ofself-respect and will beproud of our littleachievement. If there areoccasious prods in the rear,we will in tim be consciousof our inefficiency, and thenpress ourselves to achievehigher aims. Just as itaffected john and his cousin,goading from time to timecan prevent children frombeing proud of their littleachievement, it can makethem more modest andprudent. The modestreceive bendfit, while theconceited reap failure.However, we could not sayit is without any harm.Sometimes it might beharmful. It may disappointchildren and cause them tolose heart. Perhaps theywill collapse after onesetback. Therefore, onlygoading itself is not enough:it must be combined withthe proper method to carryit out.10what is your idea about atrue friend?In my view, a true shouldbe honest, loyal and willingto help.Honesty in friendshipmeans that we should besincere and frank. Weshould not hesitate to pointout our friends’shortcomings and shouldnever try to cover up theirerrors. What we should dois to encourage and helpthem in improve.Loyalty is important if wewant the relationship to last.We have confidence in oneanother in fine weather andin rainy days. We don’tdesert our friends whenthey run into trouble. Notdo we cling to them in theirsuccess. We share with ourfriends both joy and sorrow.True friends are the peoplewe can turn to in allcircumstances, as thesaying goes,”a friend inneed is a friend indeed.They are always read tolend a helping hand to pullus out of tight corner.I believe in true friendshipthough true friends are noteasy to find.11was there differencebetween baker and doris?What were their mother’sexpectations of them?Doris was quite differentfrom baker in character.Take the example of“gumption”, baker lacked itbut enough of it for a dozenpeople. What baker liked todo most was lying in frontof the radio rereading hisfavorite big little book, dicktracy meets stooge viler. Incontrast, doris like activity.When she was only seven,she could carry a piece ofshort-weighted cheese backto the A &p, threaten themanager with legal actiongand come backtriumphantly with the fullquarter pound they’d paidfor and a new extra thrownin for forgiveness.Mrs. Baker expected herson to make something ofhimself.She did not expect doris todo the same only becausedoris was a girl. The best acapable girl could hope forwas to become a nurse orschool teacher.12describ the baker’sfamily background and their life thenIt was in 1932.The great depression, the worst time before the wolrd war two, broke out, which lasted from 1929-1933. the year 1932 was the bleakest time in ghe great depression. The great depression began in America and spread all over the European countries quickly. Also, it was the great depression that led to the second world war. Millions of peole were out of work. Many factories and landlords went bankrupt. The year 1932 was the climax of the depression. The author’s father had died two years before. Leaving them with a few pieces of sears, roebuck furniture and not much else. His family was poor so that his mother had to take his sister, doris, and him to live with one of her younger brothers, uncle allen, who had made something of himself by 1932 as a salesman for a soft-drink bottler and had an income of $30a week.13what are the two dangers to be guarded against in old age?One of these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: one’s own past is a graduallyincreasing weight. It is easyto think to oneself thatone’s emotions used to bemore vivid than they are ,and one’s mind more keen.If this is true, it should beforgotten, and if it isforgotten it will probablynot be true.The other thing to beavoided is clinging to youthin the hope of findingstrength in its vitality.When your children aregrown ups they want to livetheir own lives, and if youcontinue to be as interestedin them as you were whenthey were young, you arelikely to become a burdento them, unless they areunusually insensible.14what kind of person wasthe lighthouse keeper?I think the lighthousekeeper was a person thatdeserves our respect andadmiration.Life in the lighthouseseemed very simple anddull, but he had no desirefor anything that he did notneed or anything that he didnot need or anything thatwas beyong his power toobtain. For this reason hedelined the tobacco Rudolfoffered.Though his world waslimited, his mind was asspacious as the ocean helived close to. He was kindand generous to Rudolf astranger who had come tothe lighthouse to seekshelter from the storm. Hedid not know what a violinwas ad had never heardmusic before, but he couldunderstand Beethoven’swork Rudolf played forhim.He was a man of few words,and did not show muchwarmth towards Rudolf, butdeep down he was greatlyattached to his guest. Tohim the violin was part ofthe man he wanted to knowmore about, not somethinghe was interested inbecause he had never seenit before.15why the author mentionsthat it is impossible tomeasure the importance ofEdison by adding up thespecific inventions withwhich his name isassociated?Because he thinks thatalthough many inventionsof Edison have been intheir effect upon moderncivilization, the total ofeffect of ediso’s careersurpasses the sum of allthem. He did not merelymake the lamp and thephonograph andinnumerable other devicespracticable for general use:it was given to him todemonstrate the power ofapplied science soconcretely, sounderstandably, soconvincingly that he alteredthe mentality of mankind,.In his lifetime, largelybecause of his success,there came into widestacceptance therevolutionary conceptionthat man could by the useof his intelligence invent anew mode of living on thisplanet; the human spirit,which in all previous ageshad regarded the conditionsof life as essentiallyunchanging and beyondman’s control, confidently,and perhaps somewhatnaively, abopted theconviction that anythingcould be changed andeverything could becontrolled.。
自考综合英语(二) 重点语法(结合考题讲解)二
自考综合英语(二) 重点语法(结合考题讲解)二形容词和副词以下情况形容词常用于后置定语:1) 一些表语性形容词要后置，如:present (到场的，出席的) ，available ，involved ，concerned ，etc 。
2) 形容词修饰不定代词something ，anything ，everything 时要后置。
例如:There was something wrong with her.I came across a tricky question hard to answer.I wondered if there was a room available.注意enough的位置：enough 修饰名词时放在名词前后均可，修饰形容词或副词时要放在后面。
如：enough water /water enoughcareful enough/ well enough形容词和副词的原级比力由“as + 形容词或副词原级( 或后跟名词或短语)+as” 构成，“as…as” 前可加not ，just ，almost ，nearly ，quite ，twice ，several times 等词修饰。
否定式中not 后面的as 可改为so 。
如：He is as tall as I.He is not as/as careful as his brother.形容词与副词的比力级形式为:“ 形容词( 副词) 比力级+than+…” ，应注意than 前后比拟较的人或物要一致(不然没有可比性)。
比力级前可以跟even ，much ，stilI, far, a lot 等副词修饰比力级，表示强调。
You voice is more beautiful than your classmates’/that of your classmates.The population in China is much larger than that in America.The values of the young differ from those of their elders. 不成数名词或名词单数，后面用that代替，可数名词复数后面用those代替。
自学考试综合英语二lesson2(上册)
◆ Yet, some people say that we are living in a new age .In this age heroes and heroines are rare, and heroism is only something people admire but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past.
◆ Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons — media superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celebrities, television personalities,
Heroes and Cultural Icons
Lesson Two
contents
◆ 1 Words & Expressions ◆ 2 Text Focuses & Difficulties ◆ 3 Exercises ◆ 4 Review & Homework
◆ If you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines, you would probably name some or all of the following: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks.
自考综合英语二复习资料
自考综合英语二复习资料自考综合英语二作为一门基础型课程，要求掌握较广泛的词汇、语法和阅读技巧，因此复习过程需要有系统性和全面性。
本文将从以下几个方面为大家介绍自考综合英语二的复习资料。
一、词汇资料词汇是语言的基础和核心，只有掌握了足够的词汇量，才能更好地理解和运用语言。
针对自考综合英语二的词汇，建议可以使用牛津和长难句词典进行查找和学习。
同时，也可以通过各类英语学习app，如扇贝、Quizlet等软件进行在线学习和记忆。
二、语法资料语法知识是英语学习不可或缺的部分。
在复习自考综合英语二的语法知识时，可以参考《英语语法大全》或《英语语法基础教程》，这些教材详细地介绍了英语语法的各个方面，能够帮助学习者掌握语法结构并学会正确使用它们。
此外，也可以寻找一些关于英语语法的博客或者YouTube频道进行观看学习，比如名校公开课等。
三、阅读资料阅读能帮助学习者提高词汇量、语法结构和阅读理解能力。
在阅读自考综合英语二时，除了需要掌握基本的阅读策略，还需要熟悉一些常用的阅读技巧。
可以参考市面上的英语阅读教材，如《英语阅读课堂》、《英语阅读理解快速提高教程》等进行阅读练习。
此外，可以通过阅读英语原版小说、新闻等英语资料进行语感培养。
四、模拟试题模拟试题具有考试的实际性和实用性，能够帮助学习者熟悉考试的形式和要求，提高应对考试的能力。
可以在市面上购买自考综合英语二的模拟试题，如《自考综合英语二模拟试卷》等进行训练。
同时，也可以通过网络搜索自考综合英语二试题，进行自己的模拟考试。
综上，自考综合英语二的复习需要综合运用多种复习资料，注重词汇和语法，同时加强阅读和试题训练。
复习的过程也需要注意形成自己的学习计划和方法，在日常生活中多练习、多实践，不断地提高英语水平和技能。
自考综合英语(二)复习总结lesson4-6
自考综合英语（二）复习总结lesson4－6Book 1 lesson 4 1 text1 I could keep them all covered2 But in the way they all glared I could see how they’d come to hate my guts.3 very soon now I’d doze off，and instant that happened they’d jump on the little water that was left.4 I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.5 once the water was gone we’d have nothing to look forward to but death.6 Well，there was nothing more I could do about it.7 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage.2 phrase1 hour after hour 说话者已经感到厌烦，或是坚持不住了day after day2 keep sb covered：（用枪）一直瞄准某人3 at/from close quarters/range：很近These boys love to watch the aircraft take off and land at close quarters.The birds were photographed at closed range.4 hate sb’s guts5 hold out （在危险或宽难的情况下）抵抗，坚持The city held out until the last man.The refugees held out against the severe cold that winter.6 the instant/moment（that）一……。
自考综合英语(二) 重点语法(结合考题讲解)十七
自考综合英语(二) 重点语法(结合考题讲解)十七主谓一致1. many a, more than one +单数名词，谓语仍然用单数.Many a soldier has sacrificed his life for the revolution.2. either of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数.Has either of your parents visited you?3. and; both and 连接两个单数形式的名词词组，谓语动词用复数.当主语在意义上指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语用单数.A boy and a girl want to go.A cart and horse is what he needs now.在英语中，有不少像a cart and horse这种表示单数概念的短语，如：a needle and thread a knife and forka watch and chain a cup and saucer即使这种表示单数概念的短语中有复数名词，谓语动词仍然用单数形式，如：Danish bacon and eggs makes a good solid English breakfast.More examples: bread and butter, trial and error, law and order, toast and marmalade, fish and chips4. each and each; every and every 等结构后，谓语用单数.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.5.主语后面有as well as; together with; along with; rather than等词组，谓语的单复数有主语来决定.6. one of+复数名词+关系分句结构，如先行词为复数名词，谓语则为复数.当前面有the only/very等限定词修饰，谓语用单数.Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.7.靠近原则：由not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor 或or 连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。
自考综合英语(二)复习总结lesson7-9
自考综合英语（二）复习总结lesson7－9Book 1 lesson 7 1 text1 Romance is the privilege of the rich，not the profession of the unemployed.2 The poor should be practical and ordinary.3 Intellectually，we must admit，he was not of much importance.4 He was as popular with men as he was with women，and he had every quality except that of making money.5 He had gone on the Stock exchange for six months；but what was a butterfly to do among bulls and bears？6 Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.7 Trevor was a painter. Indeed，few people are not nowadays. But he was also an artist，and artists are rather rare.8 When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man.9 Unless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow.10 He never said a clever or even an ill-natured thing in his life.11 That did not answer.12 ………was charmingly blamed for giving away a pound，2 phrase1 there/it is no use /good （in）doing sthUnless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow.2 popular with/among：liked，admired or enjoyed byThis young teacher is very popular with the students.He is very competent lawyer，but not very popular with his fellows.3 live on4 go on5 tire ofHis interest in the stock exchange soon wore off，and tired of the business.The old man never tires of teaching others what they don’t know.6 make matters/things worseThe earthquake left half the villagers homeless；the storm that followed made tings worse.7 lose one’s temper，lose one’s health，keep one’s temper8 betweenThey opened a small bookstore between them.This couple has quite a lot in common between them.9 not hear of ：not permit10 see about ：deal withThe tap is leaking；we must find a plumber to see about it.11 drop inDrop in whenever you come to see your parents.12 personally ：as a personPersonally she is a very charming girl，but intellectually she is below average.Personally还常常在句首表示as far as I am concerned，就我个人而言Personally，I don’t like the film.13 seek（after）14 put/add the finishing touches（to sth）She got a few buttons and added the finishing touches to dress.She went over what she had written and put the finishing touches to the essay.15 make a picture of sb16 fell（about/around）（for sb/sth）He felt in his briefcase for a pen.In the dark，he felt around for the switch.The blind man felt along the wall for the staircase.17 slip ：put sth somewhere3 interpretations1 The Legend washing machine has a great sale on account of its after-sale service.2 George like s blaming others for anything he himself has done wrong.3 My professor would not hear of my working in the laboratory during Christmas.4 I cannot give any commitment at he moment，but I will see about it.5 He went bankrupt and had to got his friends for financial help.Book 1 lesson 81 text1 “Finished and framed，my boy！”2 I think it is terrible that any one should be so miserable.3 What you call rags I call romance. What seems poverty to you is charm to me.4 “An artist’s heart is his head，”5 ………，our business is to show the world as we see it，not to make it better.6 He has a house in every capital，has his dinner off gold plate，and can prevent Russia going to war when he wishes.7 …and he sank into an arm-chair the picture of dismay.8 “I think you ought to have told me，Alan，” said Hughie in a bad temper，“and not have let me make such a fool of myself.”9 “Millionaire models，” remarked Alan，“are rare enough；but model millionaires are rarer still！”2 phrase1 all right ：in a satisfactory manner；satisfactorilyAre you getting along all right with your college friends？I think her performance is quite all right.2 care for/ care to do sthWould you care for some more coffee？If you’d care to go on a trip to Hawaii，I’ll arrange everything for you.3 fall ：begin to be sth. Fall asleep，fall ill，fall silent，fall victim.4 to bits ：into small pieces5 not/never………for anythingThe old man wouldn’t leave his home village for anything.This time I wouldn’t give in for anything.The man said that he would never sell that picture for anything.6 lotThe Grounds were a handsome lot.My father held out against the lot of them.7 heart，head8 mean to say ：admit readily9 as you call himThe situation in the country，as the president has pointed out，is improving.10 on earth/in the world11 that sort/kind of thing12 the picture of health/ innocence/ despairWearing rags and holding out his hat for money，the old model was the picture of misery.13 burst into14 make a fool of oneself15 to begin with16 it never entered my mind/head thatIt never entered my mind that the much admired TV star was a secret agent.17 go about sth/doing sthIt’s a difficult job. I don’t know how to go about it.18 give sth awayHe gave a lot of his books away to people who need but cannot afford them.19 in full dress20 in high spirits21 laughing to oneself，talk to oneself ，think to oneself22 helpless with ：unable to control a strong feeling one has23 for sb ：on behalf of sbLet me say a few words for my school.24 have the honor of doing sth3 interpretations1 It is generally believed that the greatest shortcoming of many unemployed women is the lack of confidence.2 This is what I saw and heard in Tibet，and it’s very inspiring.3 Christ’s mother firmly believed that her son was born disabled，but not an idiot.Book 1 lesson 91 text1 There was enough in them to get me hanged-if the Gestapo ever discovered them.2 It was risky，but life in the Third Reich had always been risky. It was worth a try.3 Wasn’t I tempting fate；how could these hard-nose Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my broadcasts？4 Customs officials always felt better if they found something in your bags to seize，and so would these Gestapo officials.5 That would make a Gestapo official sit up and take notice. It would give me prestige in his eyes，or at least make me less suspect，foreigner though I was.6 Everything a Gestapo headquarters worked out as I had planned.7 I had deliberately got myself into this jam. What a fool！8 It will go down in history！9 I started to glance at the morning papers I had bought automatically on arriving at the airport.10 I wouldn’t have to put up with anything anymore in the great Third Reich.2 phrase1 be limited toHis stay in the city is limited to 4 day a month.Their reading is limited to computer science and telecommunications.2 hold upThe storm held up our flight for 40 minutes.They had been held up on the road by an accident so they were late.I do hope my application for leave won’t hold up too long.3 关系代词which 代表整个主句的意思He said he was busy，which was true.4 think sth over/think over that，when ，how，etc.5 get（sth/sb）out of ：move（sth/sb）out ofThe fire brigade managed to get all the children out of the burning building.We must get these rare animals out of the place before the flood.6 tempt fate/providence ：take a risk7 can’t help but do sthHe can’t help but reject the offer if there are strings attached.8 smell sth/sb outThe dog smelt our drugs in the suitcase.9 make sb sit up （and take notice）The strange nose made all of us sit up and take notice.A few strange personal ads in the paper made Bob Sugg sit up and take notice，and he helped smell out a series of burglaries.Gamble on sth/doing sthHe called for another vote，gambling on getting more support.10 work out ：develop in a specific wayTheir experiment worked out differently.Things did not work out as well as we expected.11 be/get（oneself）into a jam12 all the way/the whole way ：during the entire journey；during the whole period of a time13 make/go down in history14 be free to do sth15 the （very）thought of （doing）sthThe very thought of going home fill ed him with warmth.16 beyond the reach of sb/sthAll dangerous things should be placed beyond children’s reach.Finally he found salesmanship was beyond his reach.17 glance at/over/through ：read sth quickly or not thorough18 on and on ：without stoppingThe rain went on and on，as it would never stop.3 interpretations1 The traffic to the city had been held up for nearly one week by a big tunnel fire.2 The collapse of a bridge made the local government officials sit up and take notice. It also urged them to make the decision to inspect all the bridges being built.3 Everyone is concerned with the situation in that area，expecting to see how it will work out.4 The workers could hardly put up with the terrible management and the low efficiency in that factory.5 We are proud of the achievements we have made in our country in the past fifty years.6 Students good at thinking independently are difficult to teach but usually promising.7 It is indeed hard for a young man to be responsible for this big profect.。
00795自学考试综合英语二语法知识点汇总
系动词系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。
作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn,fall, run, become, go, 等。
1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。
E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible.E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation.注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。
Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand.非人称代词it做句子的形式主语1. 代表不定式E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances.2. 代表动名词E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones.3. 代表that 引导的从句E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended.4. 代表wh- 引导的从句E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office.做句子的形式宾语1. 代表不定式E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him.2. 代表从句E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me.E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference.用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调1. 强调主语E.g. It was she who put forward the suggestion.2. 强调宾语E.g. it is that painting that he has sold at a good profit.3. 强调状语E.g. it was through me that he has got the present job.强调用so 表示强调用so 强调听者同意说者所言，这种用法只将so 提到句首，其他成分位置不变。
英语综合教程二知识点归纳总结
英语综合教程二知识点归纳总结### English Comprehensive Course II: Key Points Summary#### Introduction to the CourseThe English Comprehensive Course II is designed to further enhance students' language proficiency by focusing on advanced grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. It builds upon the foundation laid by the first course, aiming to prepare students for more complex language challenges.#### Grammar1. Complex Sentences: Understanding and constructing complex sentences with multiple clauses.2. Subjunctive Mood: Usage of the subjunctive mood in hypothetical and contrary-to-fact situations.3. Non-finite Verbs: Mastery of gerunds, infinitives, and participles in various grammatical roles.4. Emphasis Constructions: Techniques to emphasize parts of a sentence for rhetorical effect.5. Conditional Sentences: Advanced use of first, second, and third conditionals for different scenarios.#### Vocabulary1. Academic Vocabulary: Expansion of vocabulary relevant to academic writing and discussions.2. Idiomatic Expressions: Learning and using common idiomatic expressions for natural language use.3. Phrasal Verbs: Understanding and using phrasal verbs in different contexts.4. Collocations: Recognition of common word combinations that are frequently used together.#### Reading1. Skimming and Scanning: Techniques for quickly identifying main ideas and specific information in texts.2. Critical Reading: Analyzing texts for deeper understanding, including author's purpose and argument structure.3. Literary Analysis: Introduction to analyzing literary texts, including themes, motifs, and character analysis.#### Writing1. Expository Writing: Writing to explain, describe, or inform, focusing on clarity and organization.2. Argumentative Writing: Constructing and supporting an argument with evidence and logical reasoning.3. Descriptive Writing: Techniques for vividly describing people, places, or things.4. Academic Writing: Formatting and structuring academic papers, including essays and research papers.#### Listening1. Listening for Detail: Developing the ability to catch specific information from spoken English.2. Listening for Main Ideas: Identifying the central themes and messages of spoken passages.3. Listening Comprehension: Understanding complex lectures, discussions, and narratives.#### Speaking1. Fluency: Improving the natural flow of speech and reducing hesitations.2. Accuracy: Correct usage of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation in speech.3. Presentation Skills: Delivering clear and engaging presentations with confidence.#### Cultural Notes1. Understanding Cultural References: Recognizing and interpreting cultural references in English texts and conversations.2. Cross-Cultural Communication: Awareness of cultural differences and their impact on communication.#### Assessment1. Quizzes and Tests: Regular assessments to gauge understanding of course material.2. Project Work: Group or individual projects that apply language skills in practical scenarios.3. Peer Review: Opportunities for students to provide and receive feedback on written and oral work.#### ConclusionThe English Comprehensive Course II is a pivotal step in the journey to fluency, offering a well-rounded approach to language learning that prepares students for academic and professional success. By focusing on advanced language skills and cultural understanding, students are equipped to navigate complex linguistic and social environments with confidence.This summary encapsulates the key components of the English Comprehensive Course II, providing a structured overview of the skills and knowledge areas covered in the curriculum.。
高等教育自学考试《英语(二)》重点小结
你的对手在看书，你的仇人在磨刀，你的闺蜜在减肥，隔壁老王在练腰--你必须不断地努力，才能不让你的对手有可乘之机。 今天 给大家带来了自考英语（二）考试重点小结，我们现在一起来学习一下吧！ 1.主谓一致的三条原则 (1)语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。 Humanbeingsenjoylearning. Everybody’sunderstandingisincomplete. (2)意义一致，即根据意义来处理一致关系。 Thepeopletherearefightingfortheindependenceoftheircountry. Tendollarswasalotofmoneyatthattime. (3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 Thereisapen,twopencilsandaneraserinthepencilbox. Neithertheboynorhisteachersknowtheanswer. 2.集体名词作主语时与动词的一致 (1)当主语为 furniture,equipment,machinery 等词时，谓语动词通常用单数。 ThefurnitureinthatshopisallmadeinChina. Officeequipmentisveryexpensivenowadays. (2)集体名词如 people,cattle,police,poultry 等往往作复数用。 Somepeopledrivemadlyinthiscountry.
1
Manycattlehavediedbecauseoftheflood. (3)family,government,class,committee,audience,team,public 等词被视作一个整体时，其后的动词用单数;被视为构成整体的个体 时，其后的动词则为复数。 Hisfamilyisahappyone. Hisfamilyareallinterestedinstampcollecting 3.并列主语与动词的一致 (1)当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时，用单数形式。 BaconandeggsisaverypopularBritishbreakfast. (2)当主语是由 and,both...and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语所指的不是一种事物，动词则用复数形式。 JackandMaryareinlovewitheachother. BothTomandJohnareabsenttoday. (3)在由 or 或 nor 连接的并列结构中，动词单、复数形式一般与 or 或 nor 后面的名词或代词保持一致。 Heorhisbrothersaretoblameforthis. Neithershenoryouaremistaken. (4)notonly...butalso 连接的结构作主语时，动词的单、复数形式依据 butalso 后的名词或代词。 NotonlyFredbutalsohisparentslovethissmallpetdog. Notonlytheboysbutalsotheirmotherisveryill. SubjectVerbAgreement(Ⅱ) 4.带确定数量词的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致 (1)当主语是表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词时，如果该名词所表示的数量看作一个整体，其后的动词用单数。
综合英语教程2总结
综合英语教程2总结《综合英语教程2》是一本适用于高级水平英语学习者的教材。
该教材分为11个单元，每个单元都围绕着一个特定的主题展开教学，涵盖了语音、词汇、语法、阅读、听力、口语和写作等各个方面的内容。
首先，这本教材在语音教学上非常重要。
每个单元都有专门的语音练习，帮助学生提高发音的准确性和流利度。
例如，在第一单元中，教材教授了元音音标和辅音音标，并提供大量的练习题目，让学生通过实践掌握正确的发音方法。
其次，该教材在词汇教学方面也做得非常出色。
每个单元都有词汇表和练习题，帮助学生扩大词汇量。
此外，在一些难点词汇上，教材还提供了详细的释义和例句，帮助学生更好地理解和应用这些单词。
例如，在第五单元中，教材介绍了一些常用的短语和表达方式，学生可以通过练习更好地掌握这些词组的用法。
除了语音和词汇，该教材还注重语法教学。
每个单元都有相应的语法练习，帮助学生理解和掌握不同语法结构。
例如，在第六单元中，教材讲解了虚拟语气的用法，并提供了一些实例和练习题，帮助学生熟练运用虚拟语气，并确保语法的准确性。
此外，该教材在阅读和听力方面也提供了大量的练习。
每个单元都有相关的阅读材料和听力材料，让学生通过阅读和听力来提高自己的理解能力。
例如，在第九单元中，教材通过一篇关于文化差异的短文来帮助学生理解不同文化背景下的交流方式，同时提供相关的听力材料来帮助学生进一步加深理解。
此外，该教材还注重口语和写作能力的培养。
每个单元都有相应的口语练习和写作任务，帮助学生提高自己的口语表达和写作能力。
例如，在第十单元中，教材提供了一些关于环境问题的写作任务，让学生通过写作来表达自己的观点和看法。
综合来说，《综合英语教程2》是一本内容丰富、全面系统的教材。
它通过语音、词汇、语法、阅读、听力、口语和写作等各个方面的练习，帮助学生全面提高英语能力。
无论是高级水平的学习者还是初级水平的学习者，都可以从中获益良多。
然而，这本教材的一些练习题较为简单，可能对一些高级学习者来说不够有挑战性。
自学考试中《综合英语二》考试技巧探究
自学考试中《综合英语二》考试技巧探究自学考试中《综合英语二》考试技巧探究摘要：《综合英语二》是自学考试英语专业专科段的必考课程之一，也是过关难度比较大的一门课。
本文作者通过对考试题进行分析，探讨做题的技巧，从而使学生正确地运用所学的知识，提高做题的准确率，达到顺利通过考试的目的。
关键词：自学考试《综合英语二》考试技巧《综合英语二》是自学考试英语专业专科段的必考课程之一，也是过关难度比较大的一门课。
该课程考试共有七道大题。
下面通过对考试题进行分析，探讨做题的技巧，从而使学生正确地运用所学的知识，提高做题的准确率，达到顺利通过考试的目的。
第一题语法、词汇的单项选择题这道题考查学生对语法和词汇的掌握程度，词汇是语言的基本单位，正确地掌握和运用词汇对于英语学习者至关重要。
词汇的辨析和搭配占相当大的比例。
如何应对这道题，对于通过本门课程考试起着很大的作用。
近义词含义的比较与辨析，这是词汇中常考的形式，也是词汇中比较难的部分，要选对答案，要求学生不但要认识每个选项，而且要知道它们的搭配。
因此，在日常的学习中，要注意分辨这些易混淆的词。
易混淆不等于同义词，其范围显然大于同义词。
许多不认为是同义词的词，虽然词义有各种关联，但使用场合不同，故而产生混淆。
以lie，lay为例，两个词的混淆主要来自它们相似的时态曲折（如lie，lay，lain，lying，［躺卧］及lay，laid，laid，laying［下蛋，摆放］）lay除了本身含义外，又是lie的过去式；混淆还来自lie本身是多义词，可作“躺卧”讲，也可以作“说谎”讲，这时它的时态曲折是lie，lied，lied，lying。
此外，除了作动词还可作名词。
例如在20XX年4月的考试题中：12.He had____on the floor and wailed he wanted to go home.yidinD.lied【C】这是课文里的原句子，“他躺在地上哭着要回家。
自考综合英语(二)复习总结lesson10-13
自考综合英语（二）复习总结lesson10－13Book 1 lesson 10 1 text1 ………，small and thin as she was，，possessed a strength that ………2 She was a real find.3 It seemed that he had made a good match.4 The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding，but she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the “young lady” to the altar………5 “Does it pay to make sacrifices for children？The mother uses up her last strength，and he does not even know the meaning of loyalty.6 The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking，………7 These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind，of the will to work not only as one’s strength permits but beyond the limits of one’s power.8 She had been driven by an indomitable will to return the property to its rightful owners，to fulfill the task she had undertaken.9 Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet，regardless of the roles they played on this earth，in whatever tongue，of whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort.2 phrase1 sickly ：often ill2 broken in body3 come from（sth）This story comes from The Arabian Nights.His love of math came from his grandfather’s influence.4 count out ：count things（one by one）He counted out a thousand dollars in hundred-dollar bills and put them on the table.5 findShe is a real find in the theatre.6 the poor and aged，the poor and the aged7 be blessed with sth/sb ：be fortunate in having sth./sb.We’re blessed with very loving and understanding parents.8 payIt pays to invest in education.It never pays to overindulge children.Lying doesn’t pay.9 use upWe must not use up all our natural resources in our time，leaving nothing for the future generations.10 not know the meaning ofHe is a brave policeman，and never knows the meaning of fear.This boy doesn’t know the meaning of courtesy.11 fromShe was suffering form cold and hunger.He knew from experience that she wasn’t telling the truth.I guessed from his name that he was Japanese.12 speak ofBarrett’s scarred face spoke of the fierce fights he had been in.The man’s eyes spoke of great suffering.13 tell of14 a wave of ，a wave of anger ，a wave of protest，a wave of violence，a crime wave15 stand on one’s own（two）feet ：be independent and able to look after oneself16 live to be…17 god/heaven forbid18 Wha t good is………？/what is the good of………？19 cross oneself20 be driven by………to doIt was the life in him，unwilling to die，that drove him on.21 rightful3 interpretations1 The rare kindness and generosity with which my grandmother has been blessed make her respected by those who know her.2 I’m afraid your request is beyond the limits of his power.3 She had cancer when she was young，but recovered later and lived to be an advanced age.4 She decided to go to the evening school regardless of her parents’strong objection.5 This is the book published in 1880s，which greatly influenced people’s view about the world.6 China expressed the hope that the talks about nuclear weapons control should be held recently.7 There is no denying the fact that he is guilty of murder.Book 1 lesson 111 text1 The eldest son of parents who were themselves poor，I had，fortunately，to begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn an living and therefore came to understand even in early boyhood that my duty was to assist my parents and become，as soon as possible，a breadwinner in the family.2 What I could get to do，not what I desired，was the question.3 I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.4 I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. It is everything to feel that you are useful5 The responsibility of keeping the water right and of running the engine，and the danger of my mistaking a mistake and blowing the whole factory to pieces，caused too great a strain，andI often awoke and found myself sitting up in bed through the night，trying the steam-gauges.6 ………，and get more out of life.7 It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty is，how free it is from perplexing care，from social envy and emulations，how loving and how united itsmembers my be in the common interest of supporting the family，…2 phrase1 serve ：spend a period of time learning a trade/in a post/ in prisonFranklin Roosevelt served 4 terms as U.S President.The man is serving a three-year sentence for bribery.2 helpXiao Li helped Professor Chen to carry those books to his office.3 The question is = The problem is4 no fewer thanThat cool summer，they sold no fewer than 70 air-conditioners.5 keep the wolf from the door6 that is/was how/why/whatThat’s why I’d left my mum and dad in the North，and came to London.7 I cannot/can’t tell you how/whatI just can’t tell you how I felt when I heard the news.8 be of use ：be useful9 everything ：the most important thing10 outweigh ：be greater or more important thanMany people believe that the benefits of TV far outweigh the harm it might do to children.11 describe sth/sb asI wouldn’t describe the meeting as successful.12 aim and end，fair and square13 something within always told me that this would not，could not，should not last.14 be set to do sthbe set to sthShe was set to win the championship.15 a point/matter/question of honor ：something you feel you must do because of your moral principlesIt was a point of honor with the washwoman to return the wash to its rightful owner.16 relieve sb ofThe university assigned a part-time secretary to relieve Professor Smith’s assistant of some of his work.17 make out18 add（sth）upAdd all the items up and see how much we have to pay.19 get sth out of sthShe got a lot out of reading.I don’t understand what you’ve got out to this trash.He seems to have got a lot out of the course.20 as a rule21 in sbWe’ve all found a good friend in Xiao Liu.We have a good centre forward in Xiao Wang.22 all in oneTo me，he is brother，friend and guardian all in one.In those days，that cave dwelling served as a study，a clinic and a conference room all in one.23 count for much/little ：of much/little value or importanceEmpty promises count for little.Do diplomas count for anything on the job market？24 free fromHe wants to live in a small town free from noise pollution.Now that he’s retired he’s free from all responsibilities.25 sympathize with（sb/sth）I must tell you how much we sympathize with you on your loss.We always sympathize with just causes.26 spring fromWhere did your sister spring from？I thought she was in Europe.27 were not born to die28 be born to/into/of3 interpretations1 He has leant from his life time experience that friendship and love count for much more than money.2 In the common interest of protecting the nature，a lot of governments have been united to abolish the poisonous pollution caused by chemical industry.3 With the coming of the College Entrance Examination，the parents of the examinees are trying their best to relieve their children of the mental burden.4 Every student who wants to get a certificate must pass the exam.5 You spend too much time watching TV and too little time doing exercises.6 In England，the changeable weather is a topic which is much talked about.7 I agree with much of what he said，but not all.Book 1 lesson 121 text1 Rachel Carson continued to feel that way for much of her life. “It was pleasant to believe，” she wrote later，“that much of Nature was forever beyond the tampering reach of man.2 It was comforting to suppose that the stream of life would flow on through time in whatever course God had given it-without interference by one of the drops in that stream-man.3 She wrote about it not only in formal academic reports but also in a book that informed and thrilled laymen around the world. The Sea Around Us，published in 1951，has been translated into more than thirty languages and was on the best-seller list for more than eighty consecutive weeks.4 The Sea Around Us was a delightful antidote to our ignorance.5 One might guess that at this time Carson the reader might have reminded Carson the scientist of some passages in Shakespeare’s most famous play.6 As a scientist，she learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the “tampering reach of man”2 phrase1 be/feel at（one’s）ease ：be completely relaxedHans felt most at ease with children.2 in a way3 aware of ：realizing thatWhen she became aware of the danger，she left the house immediately.Aware thatFrom the way they talked，she became aware that they were keeping something from her.4 concerning prep：in connection withEven in dying，however，we still have choices concerning how we handle what is happening to us.5 stir upHis speech stirred up racial hatred.6 fire sb ：stimulate sb’s imagination；fill sb with a strong emotion7 be acquainted with/ acquaint sb/oneself with sth8 magic touch ：excellent style9 share sth with sb ：tell sb about sthShe wouldn’t share her worries with anybody.I would like to share with you my experiences in the Middle East.10 awareMy sister is politically very aware.He is an artistically aware person.Be/become aware thatThen I looked up and became aware that everyone was staring at me silently.11 tend to do/be ：be likely to do/beOverindulged children tend to be less creative than other children.In primary and secondary school，girls tend to work harder than boys.12 be recycledIt’s more expensive to recycle used bottles than to make new ones. But it’s worthwhile for the protection of the environment.13 be dependent on14 know of15 pass on（from…。
高等教育自学考试综合英语2上总结.doc
高等教育自学考试综合英语2上总结高等教育自学考试综合英语二上册短语总结lead to 导致Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. The collapse 坍塌of the big newly-built bridge led to a criminal procesution/civil case刑事起诉against an engineer and two local government officials. leave sth untouched 没有动过leave宾语宾补形容词、分词使之处于某种状态。
例leaveopen ,etc. Leaving the major insights almost untouched. He worked all day,leaving his lunch untouched. fa from 并非、并不是The result of the match is far from being satisfactory. Far from being a waste of time,regular sports activities makes students physically strong and deal with their study better. be capable of sth/doing sth 有能力做某事In times of crisis,man is capable of doing things that seem beyond his strength. take delight in sth/doing sth乐于，嗜好，以为乐He never takes delight in other people’s failures. Those who take delight in other people’s pain will suffer retribution 报应sooner or later. in some respects 在一些方面in some respects,that new dictionary has much to be improved. confineto 把限制在之内They managed to confine the disease to a small area. get trapped 陷于，被困when that bus rushed out of theroad and turned over翻车,many children got trapped in it. no more than 仅仅He went to New York with no more than 2 dollars in his pocket. provide for 为提供at the opening ceremony,开幕式the municipal government市政府will provid food and drink for more than 1,000guests. on the part of sb/on sb’s part 就某人而言，在某人方面There must be some misunderstanding on their part/on the part of them. be restricted to 仅限于Don’t restrict your attention to American or Western culture. In China,every urban family城市家庭is restricted to only one child. no matter how/where/who.etc没有关系as long as we can get a little rest,it doesn’t matter where we go. on one’s way to 在去什么的路上on our way to Zhengzhou,we passed through a village which had destroyed by the flood. turn sb into 把变成that unusual experience has turned Bob into a patient and tolerant宽容person. show up 出现plainclothes policemen were waiting in the dark for the burglars to show up. measureagainst 对照来评价He constantly总是measures his performance表现against that of the best goalkeeper in the country. come by 找到how did you come by that rare book comment on/upon 报道评论the private lives of thoses superstars are often commented on by tabl be distinguished fromby 不同于He is distinguished from histwin brother by a mole on his back. shift from to由转移到The focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like. come up with 提出，想出The scientist came up with a good plan for using solar energy.一个利用太阳能的好计划go to 颁发be know for come to realize move ahead 进行，进展account to for 向交代make room for 腾出地方attach importance to 重视in terms of 就而言seek out 找到be worthy of 值得take over 兼并，接管fall behind 落后take sth seriously/personally 认真对待/认为是自己的carry on 经营pick up on instinct 本能run for 赶往，跑向hold out坚持give in to 屈服于in command ；领导afford to （有条件）做all the more 更加hold off 使难接近takefor granted be harmful to hold down feel guilty about shower with yearn for stand up to give in keep at be bound to suffer from 患有，苦于take on 呈现now that it is remodelled ,经过改建the house has taken on a new look.焕然一新wear off 逐渐消失the child’s interest in the game soon wore off. try out sth on sb 试验they tried out the new medicine on dogs. stick with sb/sth 继续做；继续支持I ll stick with my idea no matter what you say. familiar with 熟悉adjust to 适应become adjusted to new conditions 适应了adapt oneself to 适应The old lady quickly adapted herself to life inthe city. It took him half a year to become adapted to woking at night. be limitedto 仅限于，限制在范围内his stay in the city is limited to 4 days a month. The interior finishing 内装修of this building is limited to daytime only. hold up 使延误，阻止I do hope my application for leave won’t be held up too long. figure out 搞清楚，想清楚lay out 摊开I laid out the map on the ground to find out the route to Lhasa拉萨。
自考“综合英语(二)”笔记
自考“综合英语（二）”笔记Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at School 1.I attended junior and senior high school，public institution in New York and New Jersey，just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago.The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then，i’’ve learned a great deal. One of the most important thing i’’ve learned is how much there is to learn，and how much I don’’t yet know. Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matter. In some respects educations is terribly narrow；the only thing I ever learned in school about Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him（On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans，the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.）In spelling，grammar，the fundamentals of math，and other vital subjects，my teachers did a pretty good job.But there’’s no much else I wish they’’d taught u s.2.Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.It seems to me there are many things （often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts）that the schools should teach——things that truly would be useful in later life，useful in making a stronger country and a better world，but useful also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. That’’s one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should regulary experi ence the “Aha！”——when something you never understood，or something you never knew was mystery becomes clear.3.So here’’s my list：Pick a difficult thing and learn it well4.The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest of human joys，and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects，make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is，as long as it deeply interests you，and you place it in its broader human context. After you teach yourself one subject，you become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find you’’ve acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But don’’t get trappe d by the first subject that interests you，or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full of wonders，and some of them we don’‘t discover until we’’re all grow up. Most of them. sadly，we never discover.Don’’t be afraid to ask “stupid” qu estions.5.Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green，or why the Sun is round，or why we need 55.000 nuclear weapons in the world ——are really deep questions. The answers can be a gateway to real insights. It’’s also important to know，as well as you can，what it is that you don’’t know，and asking questions is the way. To ask “stupid” questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answerer. And don’’t confine your learning to schoolwork. Discus s ideas in depth with friends. It’’s much braver to ask questions even when there’’s a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.Listen carefully.6.Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. When people are talking，don’’t spend the time thinking about what you’’re going to say next. Instead，try to understand what they’’re saying，what experience is behind their remarks，what you can learn from or about them. Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours，one you may not know very well. They. and people from other parts of the country and from other nations，have important perspectives that can enrich your life.Everybody makes mistakes7.Everybody’’s understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction，and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.Know your planet8.It’’s the only one we have. Learn how it works. We’’re changing the atmosphere，the surface，the waters of the Earth，often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implications are unknow. The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which we’’re going. If we don’’t understand the issues，we abandon the future.Science and technology.9.You can’’t know your planet unless you know something about science and technology. School science courses，I remember，concentrated on the unimportant parts of science，leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example，Copernicus showed that ——far frombeing the center of the universe，about which the Sun，the Moon，the planets，and the stars revolved in clockwise homage——the Earth is just one of many small worlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions，to be sure，but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus，Newton，Darwin，Freud，and Einstein. （Einstein’’s special theory of relativity，far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult，can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algebra，and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream.）Don’’t spend your life watching TV.10.You know what I’’m Talking about.Culture.11.Gain some exposure to the great works of liturature，art and music. If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired，there is probably something to it. Like all deep experiences，it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort，your life has changed；you’’ve acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. In a world as tightly connected as ours is，don’’t restrict your attention to American or western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn something of their history，their religion，their viewpoints.Compassion12.Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is a hollowness，a loneliness that comes from living only for yourself. Humans are capable of great mutual compassion，love and tenderness. These feelings，however，need encouragement to grow.13.Look at the delight a one-or two- year old takes in learning，and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.Lesson two IconsHeros and Cultural IconsGray GoshgarianIf you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines，you would probably name some or all of the following ：George Washington，Abraham Lincoln，Daniel Boone，Martin LutherKing Jr.，Amelia Earhart，Susan B. Anthony，Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis，Helen Keller，Elizabeth Cady Stanton，and Rosa Parks. If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society，who somehow seem bigger than life，you might come up with an entirely different list. You might，in fact，name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character. And you would not be alone，because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired” list，but rather movie and television celebrities，fashion models，professional athletes，and even comic book and cartoon characters. In short media icons.By definition，heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage，achievements，and self-sacrifice made most oftern for the benefit of others——then are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation’s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet，some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by，where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us——an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially and unheroic one. Furthermore，the overall crime rate is down，poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy，and advances continue to be made in medical science. Consequently，bereft of cultural heroes，we have latched onto cultural icons-media superstars such as actors，actresses，sports celebrities，television personalities，and people who are simply famous for being famous.Cultural icons are harder to define，but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity，who are legendary，who somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities？That’s hard to answer. In part，their lives have the quality of a story. For instance，the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince，bore a king，renounced marriage and the throne，and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charisma，with the help of the media. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death——such as Martin Luther King Jr.，John F. Kennedy，and Princess Diana.Being SomebodyDonna Woolfolk CrossOne hundred years ago，people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J.P. Morgan，E.H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So were Thomas Edison，Mark Twain，and Susan B. Anthony.Their accomplishments are still evident i n our own day. Today’s celebrities，however，often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.In 1981，a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the na tion’s “most admired woman”。
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高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)上册短语总结
lead to 导致 Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side.
The collapse 坍塌of the big newly-built bridge led to a criminal procesution/civil case刑事起诉against an engineer and two local government officials.
leave sth untouched 没有动过 leave+宾语+宾补(形容词、分词)：使之处于某种状态。
例：leave…open ,etc. Leaving the major insights almost untouched.
He worked all day,leaving his lunch untouched.
fa from 并非、并不是The result of the match is far from (being) satisfactory.
Far from being a waste of time,regular sports activities makes students physically strong and deal with their study better.
be capable of sth/doing sth 有能力做某事
In times of crisis,man is capable of doing things that seem beyond his strength.
take delight in sth/doing sth乐于，嗜好，以…为乐
He never takes delight in other people’s failures.
Those who take delight in other people’s pain will suffer retribution 报应sooner or later.
in some respects 在一些方面in some respects,that new dictionary has much to be improved. confine…to 把…限制在…之内 They managed to confine the disease to a small area.
get trapped 陷于，被困when that bus rushed out of the road and turned over翻车,many children got trapped in it.
no more than 仅仅 He went to New York with no more than 2 dollars in his pocket.
provide for 为…提供at the opening ceremony,开幕式the municipal government市政府will provid food and drink for more than 1,000guests.
on the part of sb/on sb’s part 就某人而言，在某人方面
There must be some misunderstanding on their part/on the part of them.
be restricted to 仅限于Don’t restrict your attention to American or Western culture.
In China,every urban family城市家庭is restricted to only one child.
no matter how/where/who.etc没有关系as long as we can get a little rest,it doesn’t ma tter where we go.
on one’s way to 在去什么的路上on our way to Zhengzhou,we passed through a village which had destroyed by the flood.
turn sb into 把…变成that unusual experience has turned Bob into a patient and tolerant宽容person. show up 出现plainclothes policemen were waiting in the dark for the burglars to show up. measure…against 对照…来评价…
He constantly总是measures his performance表现against that of the best goalkeeper in the country. come by 找到how did you come by that rare book?
comment on/upon 报道评论the private lives of thoses superstars are often commented on by tabl
be distinguished (from…)by 不同于He is distinguished from his twin brother by a mole on his back.
shift from …to…由…转移到…The focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.
come up with 提出，想出The scientist came up with a good plan for using solar energy.一个利用太阳能的好计划
go to 颁发
be know for
come to realize
move ahead 进行，进展
account to …for 向…交代
make room for 腾出地方
attach importance to 重视
in terms of 就…而言
seek out 找到
be worthy of 值得
take over 兼并，接管
fall behind 落后
take sth seriously/personally 认真对待/认为是自己的carry on 经营
pick up
on instinct 本能
run for 赶往，跑向
hold out坚持
give in to 屈服于
in command ；领导
afford to （有条件）做
all the more 更加
hold off 使…难接近
take…for granted
be harmful to
hold down
feel guilty about
shower with
yearn for
stand up to。