环境科学与工程_专业英语词汇必备

环境科学与工程专业词汇

包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论

原生环境primary environment

次生环境secondary environment

生态示范区ecological demonstrate area 环境地质学environmental geology

环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry

环境土壤学environmental soil science 环境微生物学environmental microbiology 环境危机environmental crisis

环境保护environmental protection

环境预测environmental forecasting

环境自净environmental self-purification

环境效应environmental effect

环境容量environmental capacity

环境演化evolution of environment

环境舒适度environmental comfort

环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value

环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry

环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier

绿色革命green revolution

可持续发展sustainable development

第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem

悬浮物suspended solids

一次污染物primary pollutant

二次污染物secondary pollutant

全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge

可更新资源renewable resources

不可更新资源non-renewable resources

自然保护区natural reserve area

防护林protection forest

公害public nuisance

矿山公害mining nuisance

工业废水industrial waste water

矿山废水mining drainage

生活饮用水domestic potable water

草原退化grassland degeneration

沙漠化desertification

人口压力population pressure

人口净增率rate of population

全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS

中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection

“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”

二噁英公害dioxine nuisance

马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley

多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora

伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London

水俣病事件minamata disease incident

骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode

四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode 米糠油事件Yusho disease incident

环境地学

水圈hydrosphere

水循环water circulation

地面水（地表水）surface water 水位water level

下渗（入渗）sinking

蒸发evaporation

最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity

流量discharge

洪水期flood season

枯水期low-water season

参考学习

冲刷washout

含水层aquifer

隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude

透水层permeable stratum

层间水interlayer water

承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water

孔隙水void water

岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water

径流runoff flow

地表径流runoff

地下水ground water

流域保护water basin protection

淡水fresh water

咸水saltwater

降水precipitation沉淀

降水量amount of precipitation

降水强度intensity of precipitation

水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment

水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution

面源污染non-point source pollution

扩散diffusion

涡流eddy current

涡流扩散eddy diffusion

富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water

污水sewage

漫灌flood irritation

水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids

悬浮固体suspended solids

总溶解固体total dissolved solids

河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation

湖泊酸化lake acidification

富营养化eutrophication

富营养湖eutrophic lake

中营养湖mesotrophic lake

贫营养湖oligotrophic lake

水库reservoir

海洋处置sea disposal

海底采样sea floor sample

赤潮（红潮）red tide

海水淡化desalination of seawater

海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping

水质water quality

水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization

水土保持soil and water conservation

河道整治channel improvement

水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity 水利工程hydro-engineering

水体自净self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment

土地处理系统land treatment system

土地沙漠化land desertification

土壤肥力soil fertility

土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution

土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination 土壤酸化soil acidification

母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material

土壤剖面soil profile

腐殖质化humification

淋溶作用leaching

土壤改良soil improvement

土壤粒级soil separate

土壤质地soil texture

缓冲作用buffering/buffer action

缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer

缓冲容量buffer capacity

盐基饱和度base saturation percentage 灌溉irrigation

富里酸fuvic acid

胡敏素humin

土壤团聚体soil aggregate

土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality

污水灌溉wastewater irrigation

臭氧层ozone layer

降水precipitation

降水量rainfall

降水强度p recipitation intensity

大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity

参考学习