(整理)the nineth chapter saccharide metabolize
坎贝奇三部曲的英文内容
坎贝奇三部曲的英文内容The Cambrian Trilogy is a series of novels that delves into the intricacies of the Cambrian period, a time of significant evolutionary change on Earth. The story is woven with a blend of scientific exploration and imaginative fiction, taking readers on a journey through the ancient seas and the complex ecosystems that thrived during this era.The first book in the trilogy, "The Early Sea," introduces us to a world teeming with new life forms. It describes the emergence of the first multicellular organisms and the birth of complex ecosystems. The narrative is rich with descriptions of the environment, from the depths of the ocean to the shallow waters where life first began to flourish."The Diverse Depths," the second installment, expands on the diversity of life that has begun to take root. It explores the intricate relationships between different species and the challenges they face as they adapt to their surroundings. The book delves into the fascinating world of symbiosis and the beginnings of predator-prey dynamics.The final book, "The Age of Wonders," brings the series to a close with a look at the culmination of the Cambrian explosion. It showcases the incredible variety of life that has developed and the complex interactions that have formed the basis of the ecosystems we know today. The story is atestament to the resilience and adaptability of life on Earth, and it leaves readers with a sense of awe at the wonders of nature.Throughout the trilogy, the author masterfullyintertwines scientific facts with a vivid imagination,creating a world that is both educational and captivating.The Cambrian Trilogy is a celebration of the natural worldand a reminder of the incredible journey life has taken fromits earliest beginnings to the diverse planet we inhabit today.。
The Chrysanthemums(课件)
Rising action
(para.93-94, 99-104, 106)
In the bathroom, Elisa gives herself a good washing and stood in front of the mirror to appreciate herself. Then
The Chrysanthemums
By John Steinbeck
Characters
Elisa Allen (para.4)
Henry Allen (para.4) The unnamed tinker（补锅匠）(para.28)
Setting
Time: (para.1)
a winter day with the high gray-flannel fog 一个冬天的早晨，空中呈现出灰法兰绒色冬雾
II. Biography of John Steinbeck
1. Born in Salinas, California.
2. Read widely especially in English classical literature under the influence of his schoolmaster mother. 3. Supporting himself from childhood, working at a variety of manual jobs: ranch hand, trainee carpenter, painter, laborer and chemist, which provided first –hand materials. observations of the attitudes, manners and language of the
文学常识知识竞赛300题
1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧是哪些？-哈姆雷特（Hamlet）-麦克白（Macbeth）-奥赛罗（Othello）-李尔王（King Lear）2. 《红楼梦》是中国古代小说中的一部巅峰之作，请问它的作者是谁？-曹雪芹3. 著名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》讲述了一个人在荒岛上生活的故事，请问作者是谁？-丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe）4. 以下哪位作家被誉为美国现代派文学的奠基人？-欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）5. 以下哪本书是弗朗茨·卡夫卡的代表作之一？-《变形记》6. 下列作品中，哪一部不是莫言的作品？- a）《红高粱家族》- b）《丰乳肥臀》- c）《檀香刑》- d）《围城》答案：d）《围城》7. 著名作家雨果的代表作是哪本小说？-《悲惨世界》8. 以下哪个奖项被视为英语文学领域最高荣誉？-诺贝尔文学奖9. 以下哪位作家是美国南方文学的代表人物？-威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）10. 著名作家杜拉斯的代表作之一是哪本？-《情人》11. 下列哪部作品不属于塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》系列？- a）《堂吉诃德前传》- b）《堂吉诃德续篇》- c）《堂吉诃德后传》- d）《堂吉诃德全集》答案：d）《堂吉诃德全集》12. 以下哪本书是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一？-《雾都孤儿》13. 著名作家奥威尔的小说《1984》描写了一个极权主义社会，请问这个社会的名称是什么？-大哥（Big Brother）14. 以下哪位作家是19世纪英国的浪漫主义代表人物？-简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）15. 下列哪部作品不是陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品？- a）《罪与罚》- b）《白痴》- c）《安娜·卡列尼娜》- d）《地下室手记》答案：c）《安娜·卡列尼娜》16. 著名小说《麦田里的守望者》的作者是谁？- J.D.塞林格（J.D. Salinger）17. 哪位作家获得了两次普利策奖并且被授予了诺贝尔文学奖？-埃尔南多·加西亚·马尔克斯（Gabriel García Márquez）18. 著名小说《傲慢与偏见》的作者是谁？-简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）19. 下列哪本书不是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的作品？- a）《到灯塔去》- b）《向导星》- c）《城堡》- d）《Mrs.达洛威和她的一家人》答案：c）《城堡》20. 以下哪部作品不是叔本华的代表作之一？- a）《论人性的哲学》- b）《悲观论》- c）《随笔集》- d）《伦理学基础》答案：c）《随笔集》21. 著名小说《飘》的作者是谁？-玛格丽特·米切尔（Margaret Mitchell）22. 以下哪本书是托尔斯泰的代表作之一？-《战争与和平》23. 著名小说《哈利·波特》系列的作者是谁？- J.K.罗琳（J.K. Rowling）24. 下列哪位作家被誉为美国南方文学的女王？-埃伦·吉尔克里斯特（Ellen Gilchrist）25. 著名小说《追风筝的人》的作者是谁？-卡勒德·胡赛尼（Khaled Hosseini）26. 以下哪位作家是法国浪漫主义文学的代表人物？-维克多·雨果（Victor Hugo）27. 著名小说《傲慢与偏见》中的女主角叫什么名字？-伊丽莎白·班内特（Elizabeth Bennet）28. 下列哪本书是乔治·奥威尔的代表作之一？-《动物农庄》29. 著名小说《福尔摩斯探案集》的作者是谁？-阿瑟·柯南·道尔（Arthur Conan Doyle）30. 以下哪部作品不是马克·吐温（塞缪尔·克莱门斯）的作品？- a）《汤姆·索亚历险记》- b）《百万富翁的遗产》- c）《杀死一只知更鸟》- d）《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》答案：c）《杀死一只知更鸟》31. 著名小说《悲惨世界》中的主人公叫什么名字？-让·瓦尔真（Jean Valjean）32. 以下哪位作家是英国维多利亚时代文学的代表人物？-查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）33. 著名小说《钢铁是怎样炼成的》的作者是谁？-尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基（Nikolai Ostrovsky）34. 下列哪本书是加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作之一？-《百年孤独》35. 著名小说《1984》中的主人公叫什么名字？-温斯顿·史密斯（Winston Smith）36. 以下哪位作家是美国现代派文学的代表人物？- F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）37. 著名小说《雾中风景》的作者是谁？-查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）38. 女作家哈珀·李的代表作是哪本？-《杀死一只知更鸟》39. 著名小说《百年孤独》的作者是谁？-加西亚·马尔克斯（Gabriel García Márquez）40. 下列哪部作品不是威廉·莎士比亚的作品？- a）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》- b）《哈姆雷特》- c）《奥赛罗》- d）《战争与和平》答案：d）《战争与和平》41. 著名小说《老人与海》的作者是谁？-海明威（Ernest Hemingway）42. 下列哪位作家被誉为美国南方文学的奇才？-埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）43. 著名小说《1984》的故事发生在一个虚构的国家，请问这个国家的名称是什么？-奥斯特拉利亚（Oceania）44. 以下哪本书不是简·奥斯汀的代表作之一？- a）《傲慢与偏见》- b）《爱玛》- c）《呼啸山庄》- d）《理智与情感》答案：c）《呼啸山庄》45. 著名小说《唐吉可德》的作者是谁？-米格尔·德·塞万提斯（Miguel de Cervantes）46. 下列哪位作家被誉为美国现代派文学的女巫？-西尔维娅·普拉斯（Sylvia Plath）47. 著名小说《白鲸记》的作者是谁？-赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（Herman Melville）48. 下列哪本书是约翰·斯坦贝克的代表作之一？-《愤怒的葡萄》49. 著名小说《魔戒》的作者是谁？- J.R.R.托尔金（J.R.R. Tolkien）50. 以下哪位作家是法国自然主义文学的代表人物？-埃米尔·左拉（Émile Zola）51. 著名小说《儿子与情人》的作者是谁？- D·H·劳伦斯（D.H. Lawrence）52. 下列哪本书不是海明威的代表作之一？- a）《老人与海》- b）《太阳照常升起》- c）《钢铁是怎样炼成的》- d）《丧钟为谁而鸣》答案：c）《钢铁是怎样炼成的》53. 著名小说《雾都孤儿》的作者是谁？-查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）54. 下列哪位作家被誉为美国现代派文学的巨匠？-威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）55. 著名小说《无人生还》是阿加莎·克里斯蒂的代表作之一，请问这本小说中发生了什么？-十个陌生人相聚在一个偏远的岛屿上，然后逐一被谋杀。
the_chaser_译文
the_chaser_译文《追逐者》一文讲述了一位年轻男子为了追逐爱情，不惜去寻求春药，以求获得其可望而不可得的爱情的故事。
作者约翰·柯里尔，1901年生于英国，后移居美国，从未上过大学，十八九岁时就立志要成为诗人，以短篇小说著名，也著有大量成功的戏剧作品。
艾伦·奥斯丁，紧张得像只小猫，心里七上八下、忐忑不安的进了裴尔街区的一个楼道，黑乎乎的楼梯咯吱咯吱直响。
他在昏暗的平台上停了下来，仔细张望了许久，才看到了那扇门，门上那个模糊不清的名字正是他要找的。
按别人说的，他推开了门，门里面是一间很小的屋子，屋里几乎没什么家具，除了一张餐桌，一把摇椅，还有一把普普通通的椅子。
一面脏乎乎的暗黄色的墙上搁着两个架子，架子上陈列着十几个瓶瓶罐罐。
一位老人正坐在摇椅上，看着报纸。
艾伦一声不吭把别人给的那张卡片递给了老人。
“请坐，奥斯丁先生，”老人礼貌地说。
“很高兴认识你。
”“是真的吗？”艾伦问，“你真有那种药吗，有--嗯—很神奇效果的哪种药吗？”“我亲爱的先生，”老人回答到，“我这儿的货不是很多，不过，我的东西虽不多，品种可也不少。
而且我的这些药，它的药效，严格来说，可没一样可以说是普普通通的。
”“嗯，实际上…….”艾伦开口说。
“像这一瓶，” 老人打断艾伦，指着架子上的一瓶药水说，“这瓶药水跟水一样没颜色，也几乎没有味道，掺在水，葡萄酒，或者其它饮料中很难被察觉。
就算是进行尸体解剖，就现在所知的方法来说，要发现也很难。
”“你的意思，它是毒药吗？”艾伦惊恐的喊道。
“你要是愿意，称它手套清除剂也可，”老人漠然回答，“也许它可以清洗手套，我没试过。
或者称它生命清除剂也未尝不可，生命有时也需要清除，人类才能得以净化。
”“这东西我可一点都不想要，”艾伦说。
“不要更好，”老人说，“你可知道这东西的价格？一茶匙的量，也够用了，我卖五千美元，绝对不能少，一分也不能少。
”“你的药不会都这么贵吧，”艾伦忧心忡忡。
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎以下是《了不起的盖茨比》第七章中出现的一些单词及其用法解释：1. Debauch: (verb) to corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality.Example: The wild party in Gatsby's mansion was filled with debauchery and excess.2. Sotto voce: (adverb) in a low voice, or in an undertone.Example: Jordan spoke to Nick sotto voce, revealing a secret that nobody else could hear.3. Affront: (verb) to insult intentionally.Example: Tom felt affronted when Gatsby openly declared his love for Daisy.4. Elude: (verb) to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill.Example: Despite all efforts, the truth about Gatsby's past eluded everyone.5. Nebulous: (adjective) hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused.Example: Gatsby's actual identity remained nebulous to many of his party guests.6. Meretricious: (adjective) alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions, but often without real value.Example: Daisy was not impressed by the meretricious displays of wealth at Gatsby's parties.7. Contemptuous: (adjective) showing or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful.Example: Tom looked at Gatsby with a contemptuous expression, as he considered him a social climber.8. Ineffable: (adjective) incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible.Example: Daisy experienced an ineffable sense of longing when Gatsby took her for a drive in his fancy car.9. Ramification: (noun) a consequence or implication; a branching out.Example: The ramification of Gatsby's obsession with Daisy was the destruction of his own life.10. Libertine: (noun) a person who is morally or sexually unrestrained, especially a dissolute man.Example: Gatsby was often seen as a libertine, indulging in extravagant parties and relationships.11. Sluggish: (adjective) displaying slow or lazy movements or responses.Example: The sluggish summer heat made everyone at the party feel lethargic and unmotivated.12. Pander: (verb) to cater to the lower tastes or base desires of others.Example: Gatsby's extravagant parties were seen by some as an attempt to pander to the desires of the wealthy elite.13. Incarnation: (noun) a particular physical form or state; a concrete or actual form of a quality or concept.Example: Gatsby believed that he could recreate himself into an incarnation of the man Daisy truly desired.14. Inexplicable: (adjective) unable to be explained or accounted for.Example: Daisy's sudden attraction towards Gatsby seemed inexplicable to many, considering their past.15. Insidious: (adjective) proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.Example: Tom warned Daisy about Gatsby's insidious intentions, accusing him of trying to steal her away.16. Supercilious: (adjective) behaving or looking as though one thinks they are superior to others; arrogant.Example: Tom's supercilious attitude towards Gatsby was evident in his condescending mannerisms.17. Saunter: (verb) to walk in a slow, relaxed, and confident manner.Example: Gatsby sauntered across the lawn towards Daisy, trying to appear nonchalant.18. Harrowed: (adjective) distressed or disturbed.Example: Gatsby's harrowed expression revealed the emotional turmoil he was experiencing.19. Truculent: (adjective) eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant.Example: Tom showed his truculent nature when he confronted Gatsby about his relationship with Daisy.20. Portentous: (adjective) of or like a portent; foreboding; full of unspecified meaning.Example: The dark clouds and thunderous sky seemed portentous, as if something significant was about to happen.21. Gaudiness: (noun) the quality of being tastelessly showy or overly ornate.Example: Despite the gaudiness of Gatsby's mansion, the guests were drawn to its opulence.22. Indiscernible: (adjective) impossible to see or clearly distinguish.Example: In the chaos of the party, individual voices became indiscernible and blended into a cacophony.23. Intermittent: (adjective) occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.Example: The intermittent rain throughout the night dampened the enthusiasm of the party guests.24. Stratum: (noun) a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground.Example: Gatsby tried to climb the social stratum, hoping to be accepted by the upper class.25. Harlequin: (noun) a character in traditional pantomime; a buffoon.Example: Gatsby's harlequin smile hid the sadness and longing he felt for Daisy.26. Disconcerting: (adjective) causing one to feel unsettled or disturbed.Example: Daisy's disconcerting confession about her true feelings left Gatsby feeling disoriented and hurt.请注意，以上的双语例句是根据所给的单词和上下文进行编写的，但并非《了不起的盖茨比》中的原文。
九十五条论纲英语
九十五条论纲英语The 95 Theses, penned by Martin Luther in 1517, marked a seismic shift in the history of Christianity and Western civilization. These theses, posted on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church, challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation, a movement that led to the establishment of multiple denominations within Christianity. In this essay, we delve into the significance of the 95 Theses, Luther's motivations behind them, and their lasting impact on the religious landscape.**Background and Context**The 95 Theses were written in response to the sale of indulgences by the Roman Catholic Church. Indulgences were certificates that offered remission of temporal punishment for sins, allowing believers to purchase their way out of purgatory. Luther's outrage stemmed from the abuse of this practice, which he saw as a money-making scheme rather than a spiritual one. His theses, written in Latin, were a call for reform within the Church, arguing against the sale of indulgences and challenging the Church's authority.**The Main Arguments of the 95 Theses**Luther's theses are a collection of statements that challenge the traditional Catholic doctrines and practices. Among them are assertions that the Bible is the sole source of authority in matters of faith, that salvation comes through faith alone and not through good works, and that the pope and other church leaders are not infallible. Luther also questioned the sale of indulgences, arguingthat such practices were not biblical and did not lead to true repentance.**The Impact of the 95 Theses**The posting of the 95 Theses had a profound impact on the Church and society. Luther's criticisms resonated with many, sparking a movement that led to the establishment of Protestant denominations. The Reformation challenged the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church, leading to the split of Western Christianity into Protestant and Catholic branches. This divide had far-reaching consequences, shaping the religious, political, andcultural landscapes of Europe and beyond.**Critical Analysis**Luther's 95 Theses are a landmark in the history of Christianity. They represent a bold challenge to the established order, a call for reform in the face of abuse and corruption. Luther's arguments, while controversial, were rooted in his deep faith and concern for the spiritual well-being of his fellow believers. His insistence on the primacy of the Bible and the role of faith in salvation marked a significant departure from traditional Catholic teaching.However, it is important to note that Luther's reform movement was not without its flaws. The Protestant denominations that emerged during the Reformation often splintered into factions, leading to division and conflict within Christianity. Luther's own views on certain issues, such as his rejection of the authority of the pope, were also controversial and led to conflicts within the Protestant movement.**Conclusion**The 95 Theses remain a pivotal document in the history of Christianity. Luther's challenge to the Church and his assertions about the role of faith and scripture inspiritual life continue to resonate today. While the Reformation brought about many positive changes, it also created new challenges and divisions within Christianity. In纪念九十五条论纲的发布，我们不仅要庆祝这一历史事件，还要深入反思其背后的深层次含义和影响，以期在今天的宗教和社会生活中找到启示和指引。
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Vocabulary of Chapter 7 in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott FitzgeraldWhat's up, guys? It's your boi here with another round of vocab from the literary classic The Great Gatsby. This time we're diving into Chapter 7, so get ready for some wild times!Let's kick things off with "feign" (v.). In the chapter, Tom feigns drunkenness to provoke a reaction from the others. To feign means to pretend or put on an act. Like when your buddy feigns interest in that boring history lecture just to impress the cute girl in the front row. We've all been there, am I right?Next up is "reproach" (n.). Gatsby reproaches Tom for his unpardonable behavior, meaning he expresses criticism or censure. When your mom gives you that look of reproach after you failed another math test, you know you're in trouble!Get ready for some fancy vocabulary with "obsequious" (adj.). The butler shows an obsequious manner, so he's extremely respectful and compliant, almost to an excessive degree. Kindalike how we all act obsequious around our crushes, trying so hard to impress them. Smooth moves, my friends.Ooh, here's a good one: "little-tarnished" (adj.). Daisy's voice is described as "little-tarnished" by the dust of living. In other words, her voice has lost some of its shine or luster due to the challenges of life. Like when your brand new sneakers get a little tarnished after a few months of wear and tear. But hey, that's just character, right?Moving on to "indefensibly" (adv.). Tom's behavior is described as indefensibly, meaning it cannot be justified or excused. Like when you indefensibly ditch your study group to go party, and then bomb the final exam. Oops!Now, let's talk "disconcert" (v.). Gatsby's words disconcert Daisy, meaning they confuse or unsettle her. You know that feeling when your professor asks you a question in class, and you're just utterly disconcerted? Yeah, been there, done that.Ooh, here's a juicy one: "contralto" (n.). Daisy's voice is described as a contralto, which is the lowest female voice range. Think of those rich, sultry singers who just ooze confidence and charisma. Contralto voices are like vocal catnip for music lovers everywhere.Get ready for some high-level vocab with "sumptuous" (adj.). The rooms in Gatsby's mansion are described as sumptuous, meaning they're extremely luxurious and opulent. Kinda like how we all dream of living in a sumptuous penthouse suite with a killer view and a private jacuzzi. A guy can dream, right?Alright, let's keep it moving with "ineffable" (adj.). Daisy's voice is described as having an "ineffable charm," meaning its appeal or attractiveness is too great to be described or expressed in words. Like when you try to explain to your friends why you're so smitten with your latest crush, but the charm is just ineffable, you know?Last but not least, we've got "imputation" (n.). Gatsby makes an imputation on Tom's character, meaning he implies or suggests something negative about Tom's integrity or principles. Kinda like when your lab partner makes an imputation about your work ethic after you slacked off on that group project. Ouch, that stings!Well, there you have it, folks – a rundown of some of the most interesting and challenging vocabulary from Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby. I hope this helps you not only understand the text better but also expand your own linguistic repertoire. Because let's be real, having a killer vocab is like having a secretweapon in your back pocket. It'll help you slay those essays, impress your professors, and maybe even catch the eye of that special someone. Just saying.Anyway, that's all for now. Stay classy, my friends, and keep those vocab skills sharp!篇2Title: The Vocabulary of Chapter 7 in The Great Gatsby ExploredChapter 7 of The Great Gatsby is an intense and pivotal chapter, filled with drama, conflict, and profound realizations. As a student deeply engaged with this literary masterpiece, I found the vocabulary used in this chapter to be particularly impactful and worth exploring in depth.One word that immediately caught my attention was "inexplicable" (adj.), used when Nick describes Gatsby's inexplicable conviction that Daisy would leave Tom for him. This word conveys a sense of mystery and perplexity, reflecting the enigmatic nature of Gatsby's unwavering belief in his romantic vision.The word "colossal" (adj.) is used to describe the magnitude of Gatsby's dreams and aspirations. It paints a picture ofsomething massive, grandiose, and awe-inspiring – a fitting description for the larger-than-life ambitions that drive Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy.When Gatsby's world comes crashing down, Nick describes it as a "grotesque" (adj.) situation, emphasizing the distorted and unnatural nature of the events unfolding. This word carries a sense of ugliness and distortion, perfectly capturing the jarring reality that contrasts with Gatsby's idealized dreams.As tensions escalate, Nick observes Tom's "supercilious" (adj.) manner, suggesting an air of arrogant superiority and disdain. This word effectively conveys Tom's haughty and condescending attitude, which serves as a catalyst for the brewing conflict.In a poignant moment, Nick remarks on Gatsby's "gorgeous" (adj.) imagination, celebrating the beauty and vividness of his romantic vision. This word not only highlights the allure of Gatsby's dreams but also underscores the contrast between his idealized world and the harsh realities he faces.When Gatsby's illusions are shattered, Nick describes him as being "stunned" (adj.), conveying a state of utter disbelief and shock. This word effectively captures the profound impact of Gatsby's disillusionment, as his carefully constructed dreams crumble around him.As the chapter reaches its climax, Nick notes the "desolate" (adj.) yards surrounding the scene, painting a picture of utter desolation and abandonment. This word reinforces the sense of isolation and emptiness that pervades the aftermath of the tragic events.Another powerful word used is "appalling" (adj.), employed when Nick condemns the careless behavior of Tom and Daisy. This word conveys a sense of shock, horror, and ethical outrage, underscoring the gravity of their actions and the moral implications they carry.Throughout the chapter, Nick's narration is punctuated by the word "incredulous" (adj.), describing his disbelief at the unfolding events. This word effectively captures the sense of astonishment and incredulity that permeates Nick's perspective as he witnesses the dramatic and unexpected turn of events.Finally, the word "immolate" (v.) is used when Nick describes Gatsby's dreams being immolated, evoking a sense of complete destruction and sacrifice. This powerful word not only emphasizes the finality of Gatsby's shattered illusions but also suggests a sense of ritual and martyrdom, elevating his romantic pursuit to a tragic and heroic level.These carefully chosen words by F. Scott Fitzgerald not only enrich the narrative but also serve to convey the depth of emotions, the complexity of characters, and the profound themes explored in this pivotal chapter. As a student, analyzing the vocabulary has deepened my appreciation for the author's masterful command of language and has heightened my understanding of the novel's resonant messages.篇3Title: Mind-Blowing Vocab from The Great Gatsby Chapter 7Yo wassup fam! It's your boy here dropping some serious knowledge about the fire vocab from Chapter 7 of the classic novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. This chapter is an absolute linguistic goldmine, so strap yourselves in for a wild ride through some of the most lit words and phrases.Let's start with "reverberated" – this bad boy describes how the sound of taxi horns kept echoing off the walls, making mad noise pollution. It just reverberates in your brain, you know? Then we've got "stentorian" which means loud and powerful, like how that annoying guy at parties always tries to be the center of attention with his stentorian voice. Cringe.Moving on, "rareties" refers to rare and valuable things, like those limited edition kicks you waited months in line to cop. The "oblivious" seascape is how the ocean view is just chilling, not paying any attention to the drama going down. It's oblivious to the tea being spilled left and right, you feel me?Then we get hit with some deep words like "colossal" and "impending." Colossal means massively huge, like the finale battle in Avengers: Endgame was just colossal. And impending is something that's about to happen, that you can see coming from a mile away. Like when you know you're about to get roasted by your boys for stuttering in front of your crush. The humiliation is impending."Apprehensive" is a great word for feeling anxious and worried, especially about the future. I'm sure we all get apprehensive af thinking about our next calc test, am I right? "Grotesque" means something is ugly or distorted in an unnatural way. Like those grotesque faced water bottle lip fillers, sis needs to chill on that.I can't forget to shoutout "reproachful" which is when you're making someone feel guilty or remorseful for their actions. Your mom's reproachful look when you failed another class is just too much. Moving on to "disconcerted" which captures beingknocked off balance emotionally, like how I felt disconcerted after my boy snitched about my secret glo-up routine. Not cool bro.Okay, one of my absolute favorites is "ineffable" which refers to something being indescribable or too great to be expressed in words. Like the ineffable feeling of pure bliss when your Uber Eats finally arrives after a hollow two hour wait. Ineffable satisfaction.This next one is a wild flex - "preternatural" means something is beyond what is normal or natural. Like when you see someone's preternatural ability to sleep through their 8am lectures every single day without fail. Sh*t's not normal fam.I could go on and on, but I'll leave you with one last juicy vocab gem: "pathological" means related to or showing evidence of a mental or psychological disorder. Like your friend's pathological need to take a pic for the 'Gram every time y'all go out. Get some help sis, that ain't healthy.So there you have it people, a taste of the exotic af vocab flavors that Chapter 7 has to offer. If you haven't already read this book for your English class, I highly recommend you do. The writing may be from ages ago, but the wordplay is as current as Drake's latest album. Catch y'all on the flip!。
hatchet每章中文概括
hatchet每章中文概括Hatchet是加里·保罗森所写的一本冒险小说，讲述了一位名叫布莱恩的13岁男孩在加拿大荒野生存的故事。
以下是每一章的中文概括：第一章：飞机失事布莱恩和父母离婚，他乘坐小型飞机前往加拿大探望父亲。
然而，飞机却在空中发生故障，坠入野外。
布莱恩是唯一的幸存者。
第二章：荒野求生在飞机坠毁的冲击中幸存后，布莱恩想办法逃出機尾残骸，开始在荒野中寻找食物和水源。
他制造了简陋的弓箭，并学会了抓鱼来解决自己的食物问题。
第三章：简陋庇护所为了避免野兽的袭击，布莱恩建立了一个简陋的庇护所，使用大树的根部和树枝来搭建。
这个庇护所为他提供了暂时的安全和遮风挡雨的地方。
第四章：失望与希望过了一段时间后，布莱恩感到自己的生存希望渐渐消失，他意识到自己需要找到一种更加有效的方式来引起搜救队的注意。
于是，他开始在河边搭建一个信号塔，希望能够引起飞机的注意。
第五章：熊的威胁在探索附近的时候，布莱恩遭遇了一只食肉动物，一只黑熊。
他使用火构筑了一个交战的阵地，并成功地吓走了黑熊。
这次经历使他更加清醒地认识到了野外的危险。
第六章：自我怀疑布莱恩开始怀疑自己的能力，他觉得自己无法继续在这个荒野中生存下去。
然而，他保持着一丝希望，努力寻找食物和建造更加坚固的庇护所。
第七章：飞行训练布莱恩发现一只鸟的蛋，他将它孵化并养大，希望鸟可以成为他的朋友。
他观察并模仿鸟儿的飞行动作，通过这种方式来学习如何在野外存活。
第八章：重获自由最终，布莱恩成功地搭建了一个简易筏子，并决定离开这个地方，回到文明社会。
他驶离了这个野外的寄宿之地，开始了他向着救援的旅程。
第九章：重生在皮艇上漂流的过程中，布莱恩发现了几个渔民，并最终被他们救起。
他成功地从野外归来，不再是一个孤独无助的男孩，而是一个充满了勇气和坚韧意志的生存者。
霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne 个人简介
分析胡珀教长带黑面纱的原因： 1. 始终是个迷,也许像故事暗示的那样，他曾经犯下某 种罪孽，为给自己赎罪而带上黑面纱。 2. 为芸芸教众们赎罪。世间所有的人都带有与生俱来 的罪孽，而且每个人都设法隐藏它，因此是不可饶恕 的。 3. 他的清教主义的罪恶观使他的双眼蒙上一层黑纱。 4. 以一种似乎自相矛盾的方式抗议人们缺乏坦率、存 有隔膜、缺乏同情心及友爱之心。
Masterpiece The Scarlet Letter
1850 《红字》 Novel The House of the Seven Gables 1851 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》 Novel The Blithedale Romance 1852 《福谷传奇》
Children’s book True Stories from History and Biography 1851 《真实的历史和人物传奇故事》 Wonder Book for Girls and Boys 1851 《奇异的书》 Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys 1853《丛林传说》 Collection of short stories The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales 《雪影和其它重讲一遍故事》 1852 Novel The Marble Faun 1860《玉石雕像》 Novel Our Old Home 1863《我们的老家》
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE
(1804-1864)
纳撒尼尔· 霍桑
Nathaniel Hawthorne
A 19th century American
novelist and short story writer.
了不起的盖茨比第四章英语单词知乎
了不起的盖茨比第四章英语单词知乎The Great Gatsby is a classic novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald that tells the story of Jay Gatsby, a wealthy man living in Long Island during the Roaring Twenties. The novel is known for its vivid descriptions of the Jazz Age, as well as its exploration of themes such as love, wealth, and the American Dream.In the fourth chapter of The Great Gatsby, we see the narrator, Nick Carraway, attending one of Gatsby's lavish parties. The chapter provides insight into Gatsby's mysterious past and the extravagant lifestyle he leads. Through Nick's observant eyes, we get a glimpse of the opulence and wealth that define Gatsby's world.One of the key themes explored in this chapter is the idea of perception versus reality. Gatsby is portrayed as a wealthy and successful man, but as the chapter progresses, we begin to see cracks in this facade. Gatsby's parties are a spectacle of excess and indulgence, but underneath it all, there is a sense of loneliness and longing. This contrast between appearances and truth adds depth to Gatsby's character and highlights the complexities of human nature.Another important aspect of the fourth chapter is the introduction of the character Jordan Baker. Jordan is a beautiful and charming woman who captures Nick's attention. She is depicted as confident and self-assured, but there is a sense of detachment in her demeanor. Jordan's presence adds a new dynamic to the story and hints at the complicated relationships that will unfold later in the novel.Overall, the fourth chapter of The Great Gatsby is a pivotal moment in the story. It sets the stage for the drama and intrigue that will unfold in the following chapters, while also delving deeper into the characters and themes that define the novel. Fitzgerald's elegant prose and vivid imagery make this chapter a captivating read, drawing readers into the glamorous and tumultuous world of Jay Gatsby.。
克苏鲁神话书名对照表
The Tree on the Hill Two Black Bottles Under the Pyramids The Unnamable The Very Old Folk What the Moon Brings The Whisperer in Darkness The White Ship Winged Death 文章 Notes on Writing Weird Fiction Supernatural Horror in Literature
制表：玖羽
较短
1925.09.18 1936.01 1927 1897 1923 1922.11 1932 1930 1919 1921.05 1929-1930 1921.12 1902 1898 1921.01 1936.秋 1920.12 1919 1921.08.14 1933 1921 1926 1920.12.12 1920 1918.05 1921.02.28 1923.08-09 1917 1898 1934.11-1935.05 1931.11-12.03 1924.10.16-19 1926 1933 1919.12 1926.11.09 1920 1917 1920 1920.01.28 1927.11.25(托名) 1933.08.21-24 1932.10-1933.04 1935.01.01 1917.06 1919.09.16 1931 1920
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
山上的树 两只黑瓶 金字塔下 不可名状 远古的民族 月光下 暗夜呢喃 白船 有翼死神 怪奇小说创作笔记 文学中的超自然恐怖
创作时间 1908 1923 1931.02-03.23 1922.06 1934.06 1905.04.21 1919 1933 1926.夏 1927.01-05.01 1920.06.15 1920.11 1935.08 1935.06 1927.05 1926.05 1920/21 1928 1917.07 1924 1926 1935.10 1935.09 1919.12.03 1926.秋-1927.01.22 1932.01-02.28 1928.夏 1929 1933.10 1920/21 1920 1923.10 1920.11.16 1923 1918/19 1935.11 1925.08.11 1921-1922 1927 1933 1922.06 1925.08.01-02 1933/35 1932.10 1922.09 1922.03 1928
了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The-Great-Gatsby-Chapter-3
Chapter 3THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors−d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。
英语名著怦然心动第九章梗概
英语名著怦然心动第九章梗概Chapter 9 Summary of the English Novel "Flipped"In Chapter 9 of the English novel "Flipped" by Wendelin Van Draanen, the story takes an unexpected turn as we witness the growing maturity and understanding between the two main characters, Bryce and Juli.The chapter begins with Bryce's family hosting a neighborhood gathering. Juli, who has always been drawn to Bryce's house, takes this opportunity to get closer to him. As she walks towards the gathering, Juli overhears part of a conversation between Bryce's grandfather, Chet, and a man named Lewellen. The discussion revolves around the complexities of selling the land that Juli's family owns.Filled with curiosity, Juli confronts Chet about his intentions to buy her family's land. Chet, unfazed by Juli's direct approach, admits that he wants to buy the land to expand his own property. He reassures her that the decision to sell lies with Juli's parents and informs her about an upcoming meeting with them.Feeling overwhelmed, Juli rushes home and explains the situation to her father. Her father, who is emotionally connected to their land, expresses his concerns about selling it. The debate between Juli's parents intensifies, and they are torn between their love for the land and the practicality of the situation.Meanwhile, Bryce continues to struggle with his feelings towards Juli. He finds himself genuinely appreciating her for the first time, noticing her independent and caring nature, and realizing that there is more to her than heinitially thought. This newfound understanding leads Bryce to question his own actions and the influence of his friends who have always taunted Juli.In an attempt to apologize and make amends for his past behavior, Bryce seeks out Juli and finds her sitting alone on her favorite sycamore tree. He confesses his realization that he misjudged her and acknowledges the importance of her family's land to her. Juli, taken aback by Bryce's sincerity, accepts his apology but remains cautious.The chapter ends with Juli's parents making a decision about selling the property. Juli overhears her parents discussing the financial difficulties they face and their willingness to consider Chet's offer. This revelation pushes Juli to take matters into her own hands as she decides to confront Chet and Bryce, demanding fair treatment and an opportunity to voice her own opinion.Chapter 9 of "Flipped" exemplifies the transformative power of empathy and understanding. Both Bryce and Juli undergo significant personal growth, challenging their preconceived notions about each other and the world around them. The story takes a deeper dive into themes of family, identity, and the importance of actively listening to one another's perspectives.Through the skillful narration of Wendelin Van Draanen, Chapter 9 captures the essence of an evolving relationship and sets the stage for the next chapter, leaving readers eagerly anticipating the resolution of the land dispute and the potential blossoming of a genuine connection between Bryce and Juli.。
坟场之书中英对照
坟场之书The Cemetery BookChapter 1: The Cemetery of DreamsThe cemetery is a place of dreams and memories. It is a place where people come to pay tribute to their loved ones and to leave behind a lasting legacy. But what happens when the dead come back to life?Chapter 2: The HauntingThe cemetery is suddenly overrun by spirits. Ghosts and spectres roam the grounds, disturbing the peace and causing a stir among the living. Everyone is trying to figure out what is happening and why.Chapter 3: The MysteryInvestigations begin into the supernatural occurrences at the cemetery. Who or what is causing these disturbances? Is it something from beyond the grave or something more sinister?Chapter 4: The Truth RevealedAs the investigation progresses, the truth about the haunting is revealed. It turns out that there is a much more sinister force at work here than anyone could have imagined. But who or what is behind it all?Chapter 5: The End of the HauntingWith the help of a group of brave individuals, the cemetery is finally rid of the haunting. But what happens when the dead are laid to rest? Will they truly be at peace or will they return again and again?Chapter 6: The Legacy of FearThe cemetery has been changed forever by the haunting. Now, visitors to the cemetery are hesitant and fearful. Will this change how they view the place? Or will it just create a new type of fear for future generations?Chapter 7: A New DawnAs time passes, the cemetery slowly returns to normal. But will it ever truly be the same again? Will the events of the past haunt the cemetery forever, or will it eventually become a place of peace and tranquility once more?Chapter 8: The Final TributeIn the end, it is only with love and respect that we can truly pay tribute to those who have passed on. Whether it be with flowers, candles, or just a quiet moment of reflection, we must remember that death is not the end. It is just a transition into a new phase of life.。
弗兰肯斯坦典范英语第九章
弗兰肯斯坦典范英语第九章In the ninth chapter of Frankenstein, the story reaches a pivotal point where the monster, having escaped from his creator's lair, embarks on a journey of self-discovery and vengeance. This chapter, titled "The Visionary," is notjust about the monster's internal monologue but also a profound commentary on the ethics of scientific experimentation and the consequences of playing God.Victor Frankenstein, a brilliant but unhinged scientist, has created a being that he cannot control. The monster, ugly and deformed, is rejected by society and seeks revenge on his creator for the suffering he has endured. Themonster's narrative in this chapter is a profoundexploration of loneliness, hatred, and the quest for acceptance.As the monster wanders through the countryside, he reflects on his existence and the cruelty he has encountered. He laments the fact that he was created to be alone, without family or friends, and cursed with a hideous appearance. His anger and loneliness grow as he realizesthat he will never be accepted by society.The monster's journey also serves as a commentary on the dangers of unchecked scientific ambition.Frankenstein's quest to play God and create life has led to catastrophic consequences. His lack of foresight and morality has resulted in the creation of a monster that threatens not only his own life but also the lives of others.The monster's narrative also raises questions about the nature of humanity and morality. Is the monster truly evil, or is he a victim of his circumstances? Should he be held accountable for his actions, or should society bear some responsibility for its treatment of him?The answers to these questions are not clear, but Frankenstein's story serves as a warning about the dangers of scientific experimentation without proper ethics and morality. It reminds us that we must always consider the consequences of our actions and be responsible for our creations.In the end, the monster's journey leads him to a realization that he cannot change his past, but he can choose a different path for the future. He decides to seekrevenge on Frankenstein, but not through violence. Instead, he plans to destroy the notebook that contains the secrets of his creation, ensuring that no other monster will be created in his image.The ninth chapter of Frankenstein is a profound exploration of the consequences of scientific experimentation, the nature of humanity, and the importance of morality. It serves as a stark reminder of the dangers of playing God and the need for responsible scientific research.**弗兰肯斯坦的启示：科学与道德的边缘**在《弗兰肯斯坦》的第九章中，故事达到了一个转折点，怪物从创造者的藏身之处逃脱，开始了一段自我发现和复仇的旅程。
阿加莎克里斯蒂作品书目(各出版社发行情况)
H庄园的一次午餐（吉林人民出版社）
42
One, Two, Buckle My Shoe/ The Patriotic Murders; An Overdose of death
1940
PJ
牙医谋杀案
牙医谋杀案
43
Evil Under the Sun
1941
P
艳阳下的谋杀案（43、36、30合集）
1946
P
空幻之屋（33、52、93合集）
空幻之屋
空谷幽魂
空幻之屋
53
Come Tell Me How You Live
1946
--
情牵叙利亚（游记）
告诉我.你怎样去生活（上海译文出版社）
54
The Labours of Hercules/ The Labors of Hercules
1947
P
赫尔克里的丰功伟绩（短篇集）
1937
P
幽巷谋杀案（中篇集）
幽巷谋杀案（中篇集）
36
Appointment with Death
1938
P
死亡约会（43、36、30合集）
死亡约会
死亡约会
死亡约会
37
Hercule Poirot's Christmas/ Murder for Christmas; A Holliday for Murder
1955
PL
国际学舍谋杀案（71、50、91合集）
外国学生宿舍谋杀案
山核桃大街谋杀案（上海译文出版社）
72
Dead Man's Folly
1956
POL
假戏成真（22、90、72合集）
古宅迷踪
纳撒尼尔·霍桑作品《拉帕齐尼的女儿》与圣经的联系
纳撒尼尔·霍桑作品《拉帕齐尼的女儿》与圣经的联系发布时间：2021-04-22T10:36:23.800Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2021年第3期作者：卿瑜[导读] 纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国文学史上具有代表性的浪漫主义小说家卿瑜重庆工业职业技术学院ABSTRACT: Nathaniel Hawthorne was a representative romantic writer in the 19th century American literature, who was praised as “the first great novelist of American nation.” He was greatly affected by Calvinism believed that the “ Original Sin” was the source of evil. In his story Rappaccini’s Daughter, he exquisitely displayed his idea about evil in human nature. Also, many Biblical Similarities can be found in the story. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, compare, and discuss the story in order to find its close ties with the Holy Bible.KEY WORDS: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Original Sin, evil, Holy Bible摘要: 纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国文学史上具有代表性的浪漫主义小说家。
人们称赞他为“美国第一位伟大的小说家。
” 霍桑深受加尔文主义的影响认为“原罪”是人类恶性的根源。
黑布林金银岛英语全文
黑布林金银岛英语全文Blackbeard’s Treasure IslandChapter 1: The LegendLong ago, on a small and remote island named Blackbeard’s Treasure Island, there was a legend that whispered of great riches hidden deep underground. The island was said to be cursed, as no one who had embarked on a journey to find the treasure had ever returned. Yet, this did not deter adventurers and treasure hunters from setting sail in search of the fabled Blackbeard’s treasure.Chapter 2: The VoyageOne sunny morning, a brave and deter mined young pirate named Jack set sail towards Blackbeard’s Treasure Island. He had heard tales of the island's treacherous waters, haunted woods, and deadly traps, but Jack was undeterred. He had studied maps and gathered every bit of information about the island, determined to unravel its secrets.Chapter 3: The ArrivalAfter days of battling rough seas, Jack’s ship arrived at the shores of Blackbeard’s Treasure Island. The island loomed ahead, covered in dense forests and surrounded by jagged cliffs. As the crew stepped onto land, they felt an eerie presence that sent chills down their spines. The legends seemed to come alive as strange noises echoed through the thick fog that covered the island.Chapter 4: The DiscoveryUndeterred by the haunting atmosphere, Jack and his crew ventured into the depths of the island. Armed with torches, they explored the ancient ruins and decaying pirate ships that littered the landscape. Days turned into weeks as they searched for clues that would lead them closer to the hidden treasure.Chapter 5: The ObstaclesBlackbeard’s Treasure Island was not easily conquered. Jack’s crew encountered dangerous creatures, deadly traps, and treacherous terrain. But their determination pushed them forward. They navigated through dense jungles, crossed raging rivers, and climbed towering mountains, all in pursuit of the legendary treasure.Chapter 6: The Final TestAfter months of tireless searching, Jack and his crew stumbled upon a massive cave hidden beneath a waterfall. Inside, they found an ancient chamber adorned with intricate carvings and booby traps. It was clear that reaching the treasure would not be easy. Overcoming each trap required intelligence, bravery, and teamwork.Chapter 7: The TreasureFinally, after passing through the treacherous chamber, Jack and his crew arrived in a hidden underground cavern. Their eyes widened in awe as they laid eyes on the immense treasure that gleamed beneath the flickering torchlight. Gold, silver, and jewels filled the room. Blackbea rd’s long-lost treasure had been found.Chapter 8: The CurseAs Jack and his crew loaded the treasure onto their ship, a sudden storm brewed overhead. Thunder roared, and lightning cracked across the darkened sky. The whispers of a ancient curse grew louder as they hastily sailed away from the cursed island. The storm raged on until they were safely back on the open seas.Chapter 9: The LegacyWith Blackbeard’s treasure safely in their possession, Jack and his crew returned to their homeland as heroes. They shared the bounty with their fellow pirates, and the legend of Blackbeard’s Treasure Island lived on. However, the memories of the cursed island and the lingering whispers of the curse would forever haunt their dreams.Chapter 10: The EndBlackbeard’s Treasure Island remained a tale of mystery and adventure, passed down through generations. Many attempted to follow in Jack’s footsteps, but none ever matched his bravery and determination. The island continued to hold its secrets, waiting for another brave soul to embark on the perilous quest for Blackbeard’s treasure.。
the death of socrates 英语课文
the death of socrates 英语课文以下是《The Death of Socrates》的英文课文：The day before Socrates died, he was in his usual mood of cheerful philosophizing. He entered his prison cell and told his disciple, Crito, that he had been dreaming of a blacksmith who had fashioned a pair of shoes for him. Socrates said that the shoes were so beautiful that he had to put them on and wear them, even though they were still hot. He then added that the dream reminded him of a promise he had made to Apollo a few years ago: to offer a prize for the best definition of "goodness."The next day, Socrates was given a lethal dose of hemlock. As the poison took effect, he was asked if he had any final words or requests. He turned to his disciples and said, "Crito, we owe a cock to Asclepius. Make sure it is sacrificed." Then he lay down and soon stopped breathing.His death was sudden and unexpected, but it was also a relief to his friends and family who hadwitnessed his decline in health over the past few years. Socrates had always been a strong and healthy man, but his imprisonment and trial had taken a toll on his physical and mental well-being.Socrates's death marked the end of an era in Greek philosophy. His influence on Western thought andculture is immeasurable, and his legacy will forever be remembered in the works of Plato and other great thinkers who followed in his footsteps.以上是关于苏格拉底之死的英文课文，供您参考。
律经 英文版
律经英文版The Sutras: A Journey of EnlightenmentThe Sutras, a timeless collection of teachings and wisdom, have captivated the hearts and minds of countless individuals throughout the ages. These sacred texts, originating from the East, have transcended cultural boundaries and have become a universal language of enlightenment, guiding seekers on a transformative journey towards inner peace and self-discovery.At the heart of the Sutras lies a profound understanding of the human condition and the innuendo of the universe. These ancient scriptures delve into the complexities of the mind, the nature of existence, and the path to liberation from the shackles of suffering. Through their poetic and profound insights, the Sutras invite us to embark on a voyage of self-exploration, challenging us to confront our deepest fears, biases, and preconceptions.One of the most striking aspects of the Sutras is their timelessness. Though they were composed centuries ago, their relevance and applicability to the modern world are undeniable. The teachings they impart are not bound by the constraints of time or geography, butrather, they speak to the universal human experience, transcending the boundaries of culture and tradition.At the core of the Sutras lies the concept of Dharma, a multifaceted term that encompasses the fundamental principles of the universe, the natural order of things, and the ethical and moral framework that guides human behavior. The Sutras encourage us to align our actions, thoughts, and beliefs with the Dharma, recognizing that in doing so, we can find harmony, balance, and ultimately, a deeper sense of purpose and fulfillment.The Sutras are not merely a collection of abstract ideas and philosophical musings; they are a practical guide to living a life of wisdom, compassion, and inner transformation. Through their teachings, we are invited to cultivate mindfulness, to embrace the present moment, and to let go of the attachments and aversions that often keep us trapped in cycles of suffering.One of the most profound aspects of the Sutras is their emphasis on the interconnectedness of all things. They remind us that we are not isolated individuals, but rather, we are part of a vast and intricate web of relationships, both visible and invisible. By recognizing this interconnectedness, we can begin to see the world through a lens of empathy, kindness, and a deep reverence for all life.As we delve deeper into the Sutras, we are confronted with the paradoxical nature of existence. They teach us that the path to enlightenment is not one of rigid dogma or absolute certainty, but rather, a journey of constant exploration, questioning, and the willingness to embrace the unknown. The Sutras encourage us to cultivate a beginner's mind, to approach life with a sense of wonder and curiosity, and to remain open to the endless possibilities that unfold before us.The Sutras are not merely a collection of ancient texts; they are a living, breathing tradition that continues to shape and inspire the lives of countless individuals around the world. Through their timeless wisdom, they offer us a roadmap to navigate the complexities of the human experience, guiding us towards a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the grand tapestry of existence.As we engage with the Sutras, we are invited to let go of our preconceptions and to embrace a new way of seeing, a new way of being. We are challenged to confront our fears, our biases, and our limitations, and to step into a realm of infinite possibility, where the boundaries between the self and the other dissolve, and we are reborn into a state of profound interconnectedness and compassion.In the end, the Sutras are not just a collection of teachings; they are acall to action, a invitation to embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery and spiritual growth. By embracing the wisdom of the Sutras, we can cultivate a deeper sense of purpose, a greater appreciation for the beauty and complexity of the world around us, and a newfound sense of connection to the fabric of the universe.As we continue to explore and engage with the Sutras, may we be inspired to live with greater mindfulness, compassion, and a deep reverence for the mystery and wonder of existence. For in doing so, we may just unlock the secrets to a life of true fulfillment, harmony, and lasting peace.。
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第九章糖代谢一、填空题1．生物体内的物质代谢包括＿＿＿作用和＿＿＿作用，一般前者＿＿＿＿能量，后者＿＿＿＿能量。
2．在酵解途径的第一阶段，6-磷酸葡萄糖经过＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的作用而产生一个能被分解成两个＿＿＿＿＿＿的磷酸丙糖的糖分子。
3．在磷酸戊糖途径的氧化阶段，＿＿＿＿被＿＿＿＿脱羧和脱氢氧化产生＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿和＿＿＿。
4．分解代谢提供给细胞的三个主要产物是＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿．例如葡萄糖分解成乳酸的主要产物是＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿。
（建议换题目）5．TCA 循环中整个系统的底物只有＿＿＿＿一种。
三羧酸循环每循环一次，总共生成＿＿＿分子ATP，其中＿＿＿分子ATP是由于氧化磷酸化生成的，＿＿＿＿分子ATP是由于底物水平磷酸化生成的。
TCA 中有＿＿＿次脱氢作用。
6．在糖酵解和糖原异生作用中都起作用的酶有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
（建议换题目）7．糖酵解是在细胞的＿＿＿＿＿＿中进行，其过程是将葡萄糖变为＿＿＿＿＿＿，同时生成＿＿＿＿的一系列酶促反应。
8．琥珀酰CoA 在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿作用下，形成琥珀酸，同时生成＿＿＿＿，该酶属于＿＿＿＿酶类。
9．在无氧条件下，1 mol葡萄糖经EMP途径可净生成＿＿＿mol ATP；如在有氧条件下，经EMP途径可净生成＿＿＿mol ATP。
10．在葡萄糖的彻底氧化过程中，1分子葡萄糖经底物水平磷酸化可形成＿＿＿＿＿个ATP，糖活化时用去＿＿＿＿molATP，包括氧化磷酸化在内，总计净产生＿＿＿＿个ATP。
二、判断题11．由于生物进化的结果，与EMP途径不同，TCA循环只能在有氧条件下进行。
12．联系三大物质代谢的中间产物是乙酰CoA。
13．肌肉细胞中，如果有足够氧能使NADH进行有氧氧化，那么酵解途径中的最后一步（乳酸脱氢酶）是不起作用的。
14．在己糖中只有葡萄糖才能沿EMP 途径被降解。
15．就光合作用总反应而言，生产的葡萄糖分子中的氧原子最终来源于水分子。
16．α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶系的功能是催化α-酮戊二酸的脱氢氧化。
17．在TCA 循环中，琥珀酸脱氢生成的NADH 在线粒体中进行氧化磷酸化时其P/O为3.0。
18．酵母细胞在进行有氧氧化时，一分子葡萄糖彻底氧化将产生38个ATP。
19．葡萄糖经TCA 循环后，仅产生比糖酵解多2分子的ATP，大量的能量被贮存在还原型辅酶中。
20．TCA 循环上脱掉的2分子CO2 均来自草酰乙酸而不是来源于进入TCA 循环的乙酰CoA。
21．TCA 循环可以产生NADH和FADH2，但不能产生高能磷酸化合物。
22．无氧糖酵解中生成ATP的机制是底物水平的磷酸化。
23．暗反应只能在没有光照的条件下进行。
24．在有氧条件下，柠檬酸能变构抑制磷酸果糖激酶。
25．糖酵解反应在有氧或无氧条件下都能进行。
三、选择题26．饥饿能诱导肝脏下述哪条代谢途径的酶活性增高？（）A 磷酸戊糖途径B．脂肪合成D．糖酵解D．糖异生27．糖异生作用可出现的组织细胞是：（）A．红细胞B．肾C．骨骼肌D．肝28．将体内糖、脂、蛋白质三大物质代谢联系起来的是：（）A．糖酵解B．TCA 循环C．乙醛酸循环D．β-氧化29．糖酵解的特征为：（）A．在厌氧条件下，哺乳动物肌肉中葡萄糖变为乳酸B．在需氧条件下，在酵母中葡萄糖转变为CO2 和乙醇C．不需要氧但有氧化还原反应D．在需氧条件下，每摩尔葡萄糖经此途径代谢只生成1 摩尔ATP。
30．柠檬酸要通过几次三羧酸循环才能彻底氧化成CO2 和水？（）A．2 B．3 C．4 D．131．与能量有关的反应不在线粒体中进行的是：（）A 三羧酸循环B．电子传递C．糖酵解D．氧化磷酸化32．下列各种酶所催比的化学反应中，由底物水平磷酸化形成ATP的是：（）A．琥珀酰CoA合成酶（琥珀酸硫激酶）B．琥珀酸脱氢酶C．延胡索酸酶D．异柠檬酸脱氢酶33．糖原中一个葡萄糖单位转变成2分子乳酸时，净生成ATP分子的数是：（）A．1ATP B．2ATP C．3ATP D．4ATP34．糖酵解中，下列哪一种酶不参加？（）A．丙酮酸激酶B．磷酸果糖激酶C．葡萄糖激酶D．丙酮酸脱氢酶35．促使三羧酸循环向一个方向进行的酶主要是：（）A．柠檬酸合成酶B．苹果酸脱氢酶C．琥珀酸脱氢酶D．琥珀酸硫激酶36．参加戊糖磷酸途径的酶有：（）A．延胡索酸酶B．α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶C．己糖激酶D．6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶37．下列因素中，不影响三羧酸循环运转的是：（）A．草酰乙酸的水平B．NAD+的水平C．ADP/ATP 的浓度比值D．每个细胞中线粒体的数目38．下述有关糖原代谢叙述中，不正确的是：（）A．cAMP 激活的蛋白激酶促进糖原合成；B．磷酸化酶激酶由磷酸化作用被活化C．磷酸化酶b 由磷酸化作用被活化D．肾上腺素和胰高血糖素活化腺苷酸环化酶从而使cAMP水平升高39．在哺乳动物中，两分子乳酸转变成葡萄糖需几摩尔ATP？（）A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5 E．640．糖酵解中对氟离子的抑制作用最敏感的酶是：（）A．己糖激酶B．醛缩酶C．丙酮酸激酶D．烯醇化酶四、名词解释41、酵解（glycolysis）与柠檬酸循环（citric acid cycle）42、底物水平磷酸化（substrate phosphorylation）与光合磷酸化（photophosphorylation）43、糖异生作用（gluconenogenesis）：44、戊糖磷酸途径（pentose phosphare parhway）：45、碳三途径与碳四途径：五、计算及解答题46．存在二硝基酚的情况下，计算α-酮戊二酸转变为琥珀酸的P／O 理论值（把GTP 和ATP 等同看待）。
47．酵母抽提液和100 mmol葡萄糖，200 mmolADP，20 mmol磷酸盐及少量的ATP 和NAD+一起培养，达到平衡时，问；（1）葡萄糖、乙醇的浓度各是多少？（2）怎样才能将所有的葡萄糖都转化为乙醇？48．列出葡萄糖分解代谢的三个阶段。
49、蔗糖经磷酸化酶催化产生G-1-P和F，假定它们进而代谢成乳酸，试问需要消耗多少ATP和该产生多少ATP？50、在“搏斗或逃逸”时，肾上腺素的释放促进肝、心肌和骨骼肌中的糖原降解，在肝脏中糖原降解的终产物是葡萄糖，而在骨骼肌中的终产物是丙酮酸。
(a) 为什么糖原在这两种组织中会生成不同的终产物？(b) 有机体在“搏斗或逃逸”时，具有这两种不同的糖原降解途径的优越性是什么？六、翻译下列学习摘要：Chapter 9.CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISMPolysaccharides and oligopolysaccharides can transfer to monosaccharides by hydrolysis (extracelluar degradation) or phosphorolysis (intracellular degradation). Monosaccharides which are absorbed into blood are named blood glucoses. The component of blood glucose. Glucose supply ATP for cell by oxidation-decomposition in cell; Blood glucose can be used to synthesis glycogen and store in liver, muscle and kidney. Gluconeogenesis refer to that some non-saccharides substance can transfer carbohydrate by the way of carbohydrate metabolism.1. The way of degradation of carbohydrate include aerobic decomposition and anaerobic decomposition. Anaerobic decomposition is the process that glucose transfer to lactic acid (glycolysis) or alcohol (fermentation) without oxygen. It is a kind of incomplete decomposition. Aerobic and anaerobic decomposition have a same stage which named EMP (Emoden—Meyerbof—Parnas pathway) refers to the tentage reactions that glucose transfer to pyruvatic acid. The terminal hydrogen receptors of aerobic and anaerobic decomposition are different: the terminal hydrogen receptor of glycolysis is pyruvatic acid; the terminal hydrogen of fermentation is ethyl aldehyde but oxygen is the terminal hydrogen receptor of aerobic decomposition.The major way of aerobic decomposition is tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). The secondary ways of it are hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and glyoxylate cycle.2. EMP and HMS of eukaryotic cell exist in cytoplasm, TCA exists in stromas of mitochondrion. Glyoxylate cycle exists in glyoxysome of some mincroorganisms and plants. No mailer eukaryote and prokaryote, 1 moleglucose can produce 2 mole ATP by fermentation and glycolysis. Eukaryotic cell produce 38 or 36 mole A TP by aerobic decomposition. Prokaryotic cell produce 38 mole ATP by aerobic decomposition.EMP and TCA are pivot of mass metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. They also provide carbon source and energy source for protein, nucleic acid and some active substance synthesis.The main physiology meaning of HMS is that NADPH can provide reducing power for many substance synthesis and transformation. It can keep the reducing state of protein (enzyme) with sulfhydryl group. It can contact pentose metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and photosynthesis. It also can provide energy for cells.3. The adverse pathway of glycolysis is the basic pathway of carbohydrate synthesis. Glycogenesis is that glycogen is compounded by glucose; Glyconeogenesis is that carbohydrate is synthesis by lactic acid, glycerol and alanine. When the blood sugar of mankind and animal is higher than 6.7m mol/l (such as after meal), glycogen is compounded and stored by glycogenesis. When blood sugar is lower than4.4m mol/l (such as hunger), it can adopt glycogen decomposition and glyconeogenesis to keep the normal level of blood sugar.4. Carbohydrate metabolism is regulated by some key enzymes (rate—determining enzyme). The basic regulation element is energy state of call .It is depended on the ratio of ATP/AMP (or ATP/ADP) and NADH/NAD+. The key enzymes of EMP are phosphofruectokinase-1, pyruvate kinase and hexokinase; The key enzymes of TCA are isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutamate dehydrogenase system and citrate synthase; The key enzyme of HMS is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; The key enzyme of glycogen synthesis is glycogen synthetase; Thy key enzymes of glyconeogenesis are diphosphofructose phosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase.七、英文习题选摘The first step in the detoxification of ethanol in the liver is its oxidation to formacetaldehyde. This reaction, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, produces large amounts of NADH. One common effect of alcohol intoxication is the accumulation of lactate in the blood. Can you explain why this effect occurs?2.Catabolism consists of three steps. Describe what is accomplished in each step.3.4.An individual has a genetic deficiency that prevents the production of hexokinase D. Following a carbohydratemeal, would you expect blood glucose levels to be higher, lower, or about normal? What organ would accumulate glycogen under these circumstances?5.Why is fructose metabolized more rapidly than glucose?6.。