南师附中江宁校第三次单元检测
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案解析
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji, according to researchers from Adobe (ADBE) who surveyed 7,000 users across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji. The flirtatious “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emojis respectively rounded out the top five.The software maker on Thursday released the findings from its 2021 Global Emoji Trend Report ahead of World Emoji Day on Saturday.Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. And 67% said they think people who use emojis are friendlier, funnier and cooler than those who don’t. A slight majority of respondents said they are more comfortable expressing emotions through emojis than talking on the phone or in —person. More than half of global emoji users (55%) said using emojis in communications has positively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent of those surveyed said emojis are an important communication tool for creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel more empathetic toward people who use emojis.1.What are the three most popular emojis according to the passage?A.clown thumbs up laugh out loudugh out loud thumbs up wink and kissugh out loud thumbs up red heartD.thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear2.Which emoji is the most confusing one for users?A.Peach.B.Eggplant.C.Clown.D.Wink and kiss.3.Which of the following best describes the attitude of most people surveyed to emojis?A.Favorable.B.Passive.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.BA year ago I received a full scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco. All of my hard work paid off. My mom had spent a lot on my attending a private high school, so I made sure to push myself: I volunteered, took part in various clubs, and graduated with honors. I was so excited to start a new part of my life.Soon enough, the big day came, but it wasn't like what I had thought. The first two weeks were the most difficult days of my entire life. Every night I would cry myself to sleep. I was missing my family, my home and everything in my hometown so much and I didn’t know how to deal with my broken heart.To distract myself, I threw myself into my studies. I also found a ton of jobs. In any free time, I started forcing myself to go to the gym. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy so I wouldn’t think about how lonely I felt. Soon after, I began to control my eating, considering it another solution to my homesickness. But soon there was something wrong with me.Finally, I went to see a doctor. When the doctor told me I had no choice but to take time away from school, I started to fear. How could I stop? School was what I was best at. “I’m not so bad,” I thought in my head. But the result was that I was taken to hospital again a month later and my mother camewoefully. I had to take a semester off from school, and go to the treatment center near my home.If there are girls who are suffering similarly, I hope you know that there is hope and that you should have a positive attitude towards life. Though you may feel alone, there are so many people who can understand your struggle. That’s why I want to share my story.4. Why did the author push herself during high school?A. She wanted to attend the University of San Francisco.B. It cost too much to study in a private school.C. Her parents controlled much of her life.D. Her family put her under pressure,5. What can we know about the author in the first two weeks?A. She couldn't fall asleep because of pressure.B. She couldn't pay attention to her study.C. She couldn't deal with her homesickness.D. She couldn't catch up with others.6. What does the underlined word “woefully” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Sadly.B. Surprisingly.C. Curiously.D. Happily.7. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?A. To look back on her past life.B. To increase her own confidence.C. To express appreciation to her mother.D. To encourage other girls like her to be positive.CPlease take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. This goes againstthe traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a Professor of Psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.8. What do the words “social reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Completion of the goal.B. Necessary hard work.C. People's acknowledgement.D. A sense of satisfaction.9. What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?A. Writing down the goal is very helpful.B. Achieving personal goal needs more time.C. Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.D. Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.10. How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?A. By giving figures.B. By giving examples.C. By making a survey.D. By making comparison tests.11. What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?A. You will be more confident.B. You will not gain satisfaction.C. You are less likely to realize it.D. You’ll be much moremotivated.DThe Rise of Voice TechnologyVoice technology has come a long way. Just a few years ago, it would have been unusable. But now, those who follow the technology know that it has got considerably better.Writing with your voice raises several interesting questions. How difficult is it actually? Human speech involves a lot more starting and stopping with errors and the need for repairing broken sentences than you may think. Even gifted speakers make mistakes. To turn the spoken word into reasonable writing requires lots of planning. You’ll need some kinds of notes or other organisers to make it work.Another question turning speech into writing raises is the style. How would writing make the change that people speak their writing rather than type? Chances are that it would come up with many more short sentences and more concrete language, which is good. It would probably also rely on prepared phrases a lot more often, which is not available when you are speaking quickly.To confirm this, a column was not written, but dictated (听写). It was composed from brief notes written down for structure only, and it was edited for length, with all of the original errors kept in. Here were the results. The first was that the literal accuracy was extremely high. There weren’t many cases wherethe software had heard one word incorrectly and written down another. But the other result was that the readability of this column was rather bad. Obviously, the blame is not with the technology at all, which turns out to be rather good. Speaking into writing relies on a better human brain than the one we currently possess. Writing is hard. There’s a reason it can’t be done at the speed of speech, in real time.To clarify the matter, this time paragraph breaks were added after the whole writing. Punctuations (标点) had to be spoken aloud, and after a full stop, the first word in the new sentence was capitalized automatically. Some minor punctuation marks were added to make it clearer. To improve accuracy, people “trained” the software beforehand, reading a prewritten passage aloud. Actually it turns out to be more effective. All of these ensure the satisfactory completion of turning speech into writing.Language is the most important tool for human interaction, and voice is one beautiful part of language. With the maturity of modern technology, it has given birth to a great change in the human-computer voice interaction.12. According to the passage, which helps to turn speech into writing in terms of style?A. There is careful planning in advance.B. Errors and broken sentences are avoided.C. People type words as fast as they say them.D. The writing contains more prepared phrases.13. To achieve better results, the author mentions some changes for ______.A. processing errors in a column.B. adding minor punctuation marks.C. increasing the number of brief notes.D. integrating short paragraphs in writing.14. The author suggests that ______.A. human brains are responsible for poor dictated writing.B. writing with voice promises to improve the quality of writing.C. writing is an unnatural act that can hardly be learned and improved.D. technology has a long way to go in the human-computer voice interaction.15. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why people fully intend to turn speech into writing.B. What role voice technology plays in improving readability.C. Where the human-computer voice interaction is at an advantage.D. How voice technology enables the change from speech into writing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2024届江苏省南京市江宁区高级中学高三“三诊”模拟考试生物试题试卷含解析
2024届江苏省南京市江宁区高级中学高三“三诊”模拟考试生物试题试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题：（共6小题，每小题6分，共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．下列关于真核细胞的结构和功能的叙述，正确的是（）A．生物膜是由“脂质一蛋白质一脂质”组成的统一结构B．细胞核由核糖体、中心体、染色体、纺锤体等结构组成C．伞藻嫁接实验的结果精确地说明了细胞核是系统的控制中心D．细胞的生物膜在结构和功能上紧密联系，构成了细胞的生物膜系统2．公羊基因型AA、Aa表现为有角，aa表现为无角；母羊基因型AA表现为有角，Aa、aa表现为无角。
两只羊繁殖多次，子代数量足够多，子代中有角：无角=3：1，有关叙述不正确的是（）A．子代无角基因型可能是AaB．子代无角基因型可能是aaC．可能是父本有角，母本无角D．亲本可能都有角3．下列有关细胞中部分化合物的叙述，错误的是（）A．高等动物细胞主要的遗传物质是DNAB．纤维素是构成植物细胞壁的主要成分C．磷脂是构成细胞中生物膜的重要成分D．蛋白质是人体生命活动的主要承担者4．下列关于种群和群落的叙述，正确的是（）A．群落的水平结构只是由于土壤、地形、风和火等环境条件引起的B．群落的演替总是朝着物种多样化、结构复杂化和功能完善化方向发展C．引入到塔斯马尼亚岛的绵羊种群，其环境容纳量是由该岛有效资源决定的D．在实验室内把果蝇饲养在瓶内并喂养酵母菌，其种群按J形曲线增长5．果蝇的体色、翅型、眼色分别受一对等位基因控制。
用一只灰身长翅红眼雌果蝇与一只黑身长翅白眼雄果蝇杂交，子代表现型及比例如下表所示。
2021年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试题及答案解析
2021年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：“云教育”是指基于云计算应用的教育平台服务。
集教学、管理、学习等于一体，它搭建了一个可供教育主管部门、学校、教师及学生分工协作的在线平台，从而共同达成教学目标，完成育人任务。
近年来，“云教育”受到国内外众多教育界人士关注，此次疫情的发生让“云教育”在我国得以大面积推广。
有关“云教育”的诸多尝试都是一次次“破冰”之旅，正在改变着当下的教育生态。
不可否认，在实践过程中，“云教育”在新技术的运用、教学内容的设计、教育质量的保证等方面还存在一些问题。
目前，“云教育”不可能完全代替线下教育，传统课堂仍具有无可取代的重要作用。
当正常的教育教学秩序逐渐恢复,相信有关“云教育”的探索不会也不应停滞。
如何推进线上线下教育更好地融合，“云教育”如何继续发挥应有作用、扮演好恰当角色，给大中小学各学段的教育注入新活力，助力教育教学质量全面提升,是下一阶段需要继续探索的课题。
随着教育改革创新的不断深入，“云教育”带给我们的有关未来教育的诸多绚丽想象，有望逐步成为更加鲜活的现实。
（摘编自杨国营《云教育拓展未来教育想象空间》）材料二：教育部会同工信部开通了国家中小学网络云平台，能满足5000万学生同时在线学习。
自2月17日开通以来，该平台已开设119门学科课程。
截至3月24号，共播出小学、初中、普通高中课程1917节，浏览量累计达到了9.94 亿次，通过平台进行在线学习的学生累计超过了1.95亿人次。
据统计，目前全国教学数字教育资源全覆盖项目惠及边远贫困地区400 多万名学生，国家数字教育资源公共服务体系基本建立，超过60%的教师和近50%的络学习空间，逐步实现“校校用平台、班班用资源、人人用空间”。
中国教育部部长陈宝生说：“新一代信息技术的发展为中国教育带来了新的发展契机。
2020届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试卷及答案
2020届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的小说，完成下列小题。
云中的红围巾郝明连长放下手中的高倍军用望远镜，揉了揉眼睛。
瞭望塔外漫长的边境线上，除了铁丝网和柱桩上还能看到些许黑色，剩下就是满眼的雪白，刺得眼睛生疼。
“报告连长，军区正午时分将有物资抵达！”连长转过身，接过通信员手里的电报本，签上字，回敬了军礼。
“这几场暴风雪呀!”连长心里有些感慨。
在内蒙古二连浩特驻守了快二十年了，这是他见过的最大的几场雪了。
运输道路都被齐人深的积雪填埋，推雪机没日没夜地在抢挖，但等挖到这里，估计要年后了。
往年军区都是提前几天就把慰问物资运到，今年也不知为什么耽误了。
看着瞭望塔外的天空，灰蒙蒙的阴云像一群无人看管的野马，又在慢慢地压低地面并随风移动着，“做好接收准备。
”“是!”通信员答道，“连长，班里的战士们还有一个特殊的准备呢。
”通信员有些神秘的笑。
“什么准备？要注意安全，年三十了，可以搞点创新。
”连长有些心疼地望着通信员。
这帮二十出头的小伙子，来自全国的各个省市，头一次在最前沿的萨麦哨所过年，他希望新兵们能过好头一个春节。
在回营房的路上，连长几次从军大衣兜里拿出手机，又几次放回去。
过年的这个电话怎么打呢？他是亏欠这个家的，平时照顾不到，就连过年，他不是有任务在身，就是把回家的机会让给下级，今年又不能好好陪家人了。
连长此刻的心，就像是自己脚底下踩着的莹白积雪，正发出嘎吱嘎吱的断裂声。
正午时分，连长站在营房前，他望着草原异常寒冷的天空，乌云黑压压堆成整坨厚铁，正准备压向地面，压向屋顶，仿佛所到之处，一切都会被碾压成扁扁的形状。
“通信员，停机坪提前做好准备！”“是!”通信员接到命令，快步跑向指挥中心，他隐隐约约看到远处天空中一架军用直升机像只小蜻蜓般往这里飞来。
“报告机长，目前积云层覆盖严重，地面风速50km/h，顶风25km/h……”副驾拿着记录本，神色凝重地望着机长，并且偷偷瞄了一眼后排坐着的霞姐和孩子，两人正一无所知地望着窗外飞来飞去的云彩在指指点点。
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe 2021 Weibo Movie Night—an award ceremony jointly organized by Sina Weibo and China Movie Channel—was held on June 12, gathering around 100 filmmakers and A-list stars. Following are some upcoming films.BipolarCast: Dou Jingtong, Tian Zhuangzhuang and Wang ZhiwenDirector: Li MengqiaoAudience will follow a young woman’s unusual trip across China,who wishes to send a stolen lobster (龙虾) back to the sea. Li said that it’s a sort of experiment, examining the line between dreams and reality. Andthis is singer-actress Dou Jingtong’s first leading role.On Your MarkCast: Wang Yanhui and Zhang YouhaoDirector: Chiu Keng Gua (Malaysia)Inspired from a true story,On Your Markis about a taxi driver and his son, a marathon enthusiast who’s struggling with a visually-impaired disease. In order to help his son to realize his dream, the father joins a marathon training group to serve as his son’s personal “competition assistant”. This film is expected to tug the heartstrings of moviegoers near Father’s Day.TheBattleatLakeChangjinCast: Wu Jing, Hu Jun, Li Chen and Zhang HanyuDirector: Chen Kaige, Tsui Hark and Dante LamThe film centers on how the Chinese People’s Volunteers fearlessly fought against foreign invaders during an extremely cold winter. The battle destroyed around 13,000 enemies of US troops, becoming a turning point to lay the foundation for the final victory.Chinese DoctorsCast: Zhang Hanyu, Yuan Quan, Zhu Yawen and Li ChenDirector: Liu WeiqiangAdapted from true stories, it is about Chinese medical staff’s battle to rescue lives during the COVID-19 outbreak last year inWuhanJinyintanHospital.1. Who plays the leading role inBipolar?A. Dou Jingtong.B. Yuan Quan.C. Li Mengqiao.D. Zhang Hanyu.2. Which film focuses on the war betweenChinaand theU.S.?A.Bipolar.B.On Your Mark.C.Chinese Doctors.D.TheBattleatLakeChangjin.3. What doOn Your MarkandChinese Doctorshave in common?A. They both star Zhang Hanyu.B. They are based on true stories.C. They reflect the efforts to rescue lives.D. They are directed by Chinese directors.BIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries.“You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”4. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to5. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully6. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.7. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was madeCCuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birdsand take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.8. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.A. science surveyB. nature magazineC. zoo advertisementD. travel journal9. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A. Animals that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.10. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.11. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.DChinese paleontologists (古生物学家) have determined that, about 47 million years ago, subtropical forests once existed on the high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The conclusion, which appears in a paper published on Tuesday, was drawn based on the large number of fossils found in theBaingoinBasinat an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters during the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the plateau.A joint team from theXishuangbannaTropicalBotanical Gardenconducted the research on the fossils. By combining the findings and models, the team recreated the climate and altitude that existed 47 million years ago, showing that the central plateau had an altitude of just 1,500 meters and an annual average temperature of 19℃, says Su Tao, a researcher from the tropical botanical garden and first author of the paper.“It was covered by thick forest and was rich in water and grass. It is fair tocall it the ‘ShangriLa’ of ancient times,” Su adds.The researchers have also found over 70 plant fossils, the majority of which are most closely related to plant life in today's subtropical or tropical regions.“This is enough to show that the central part of the now high-altitude, freezing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had flourishing subtropical plants 47 million years ago,” Su says.The findings provide new evidence for the study of the evolutionary history of biodiversity and the evolutionof the plateau's landscape, according to Zhou Zhekun, the paper's corresponding author and a researcher at the tropical botanical garden.Chinalaunched the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in June 2017, 40 years after the first. Lasting up to 10 years, the expedition will conduct a series of studies focusing on the plateau's glaciers, its biodiversity and ecological changes, and will also monitor the changes in climate.12. How did the paper come to the conclusion?A. Through the observation of the Baingoin basin.B. Through the fossils found in scientific expedition.C. Through the drawing of a large number of fossils.D. Through the adventure on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.13. What can be inferred according to Su Tao?A. The average altitude of the plateau was 1,500 meters.B. “Shangrila”means a place with abundant water and grass.C. The flourishing subtropical plants have covered the plateau.D. The fossils found by researchers are tropical or subtropical plants now.14. Where might the passage come from?A. The Times.B. The Wall Street Journal.C. Chinese National Geography.D. The Economist.15. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To instruct.B. To educate.C. To persuade.D. To inform.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及参考答案
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOur Teen Summer Spanish Program is two weeks of fun, educational excitement that helps students learn Spanish fast. Our Spanish summer program allows our students to learn from highly trained, certified teachers and be absorbed in the language and theculture of Costa Rica.Features include:* Intensive(强化的) daily Spanish classes* Extracurricular classes in dance, cooking, music, and handiwork* Outdoor activities including hiking, camping, rafting, and ziplining(高空滑索)* Homestay with a local Costa Rican family* Volunteer work in needy neighborhoodsOur Teaching Methods:We are proud to use TPRS---Total Physical Response Storytelling---in our curriculum. This innovative method uses strange and amusing stories to teach new vocabulary, increase fluency, and get students involved by giving them the opportunity to alter the details themselves. Because of the silliness, creativity, and repetition involved, TPRS allows students to learn easily and remember information effortlesslyMemorizing vocabulary and listening to lectures on grammar are slow, inefficient ways to learn a new language. The best way to truly learn and commit new material to memory is through conversation. In our Spanish classes, students can expect to speak up to 80% of each class. By speaking in the new language freely and consistently, students can see progress faster because they are using the new grammar and vocabulary that they have learned at the same time. This helps the brain remember the new words and grammar structures for future use, making it much easier to progress.1.What does the program do?A.It offers weekly Spanish classesB.It focuses more on outdoor activitiesC.It gives teachers a chance to receive trainingD.It provides activities about the Spanish culture2.What is the best way to learn a language according to the text?A.Memorizing a larger vocabularyB.Speaking more in the new language.C.Mastering more grammar structuresD.Writing stories to share with others3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To employexperienced Spanish teacherB.To hire foreign volunteers for a programC.To attract teen foreigners to a programD.To introduce language learning methodsBThe race skywards began inAmerica. In the late1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective, according to Carol Willis, director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York, “The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force, piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient, ”she says.Like all major changes in architecture, the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering. The development of steel framework, which could be used instead of load-bearing stones, made it easier and cheaper to build tall. The coming of the elevator, meanwhile, made living on higher floors far more convenient.Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers (摩天大楼) look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury. This is mostly thanks to architecture's next major technological shift：the curtain wall.Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass exteriors (外部) help. buildings resist greater windloads.There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture, ”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling (无序扩张), ”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their constructionaccount for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions(排放), there are new costs to consider.Whether it's employing more energy-efficient materials, encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy, reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.4. What does the underlined word“underpinned” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Created.B. Prepared.C. Suggested.D. Supported.5. What made living on higher floors much more convenient?A. The development of steel framework.B. Load-bearing stones.C. The use of the elevator.D. The curtain wall.6. What can we know from paragraph 5?A. Our cities will grow taller definitely.B. All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall.C. Construction cost rises as the stories increase.D. The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.7. What's the next big challenge facing architects?A. How to build the greenest building.B. How to build the strongest building.C. How to build the tallest building in the world.D. How to build the most comfortable building.CIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds ofgympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.8. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.9. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.10. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.11. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging TreeDAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceshiptheory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.12. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.13. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.14. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.15. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文字，完成下面小题。
乡村教师（节选）刘慈欣他知道，这最后一课要提前讲了。
他忍住几乎使他晕厥过去的剧痛，艰难地移近床边的窗口，看着远处的村庄。
从自己的老师为救自己被狼咬死的那一刻起，他这一生就属于黄土高原上这个偏远的小山村了。
窗外的田垅上，娃们在为他烧香和烧纸了。
半年前，他拿起扁担和想从校舍取椽子去修村头老君庙的几个人拼命，被人打断了两根肋骨。
送到镇医院，竟又发现他患了食道癌，但他没有去管，实在没钱管。
从镇医院出来，他把身上所有的钱都买了书。
在距地球五万光年的银河系的中心，一场延续了两万年的星际战争已接近尾声。
碳基联邦舰队将完成碳硅战争中最后一项使命：摧毁大部分恒星，建立一条五百光年宽的隔离带，免除硅基帝国对银河系中心区域的碳基文明的任何威胁。
隔离带中只有形成3C级以上文明的恒星系才会被保护。
夜深了，烛光中，娃们围在老师的病床前。
他把剩下的12片止疼药一把吞了下去，他知道以后再也用不着了。
他挣扎着想在黑板上写字，但头突然偏向一边，一个娃赶紧把盆接到他嘴边，他吐出了一口黑红的血，然后虚弱地靠在枕头上喘息着。
娃们中有了低低的抽泣声。
他让他们记住牛顿第一定律，记住牛顿第三定律，最后才让他们去记最难懂的牛顿第二定律。
孩子们哭着记住了，他们知道记不下来，老师是不会放心的。
“发射奇点炸弹！”一团团似乎吞没整个宇宙的强光又闪起，然后慢慢消失……隔离带在快速推进。
直到他们遇到太阳系的三号行星。
3号行星检测，检测30个随机点。
这所山村小学，正好位于检测波束圆形覆盖区的圆心上。
“1号随机点检测。
”结果……绿色结果，绿色生命信号！“开始3C级文明测试。
1号测试未通过，2号测试未通过……10号测试未通过。
“发射奇点炸弹！”最高执政官突然想起什么：“继续测试。
”11号测试题未通过！12号测试题未通过！“3C文明测试试题13号：当一个物体没有受到外力作用时，它的运行状态如何？”数字宇宙广漠的蓝色空间中突然响起了孩子们清脆的声音：“当一个物体没有受到外力作用时，它将保持静止或匀速直线运动不变。
2021年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案解析
2021年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语三模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the sun shines brightly, it provides a great chance to get outdoor things done. Like making hay! At least, that is what farmers from the past would say. ―Make hay while the sun shines.This idiom is very old, dating back to Medieval times. Rain would often ruin the process of making hay. So, farmers had no choice but to make hay when the sun was shining.Today, we all use this expression, not just farmers. When conditions are perfect to get something done, we can say, ―It’s a good idea to make hay while the sun shines.In other words, you are taking advantage of a good situation or of good conditions. You are making the most of your opportunities. These all mean ―making hay while the sun shines.And sometimes we use this expression to mean we beat someone to the punch, or we got ahead of someone else. And other times you make hay while the sun shines to make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts. You are being opportunistic – taking advantage of a good opportunity. For example, my friend Ozzy was sick for a week and could not go to work. So, his co-worker Sarah -- who doesn’t like him -- took advantage of his illness and stole his project! Talk about making hay while the sun shines.Sometimes when you make hay while the sun shines you are staying ahead of a problem – like in this example:Hey, do you want to go hiking with me and my friends this weekend? The weather is going to be beautiful! I wish I could. But I have to finish my taxes. It’s the last weekend before they’re due.Oh, that’s too bad.Wait. What about your taxes?My taxes are done. I was off from work a couple of weeks ago and made hay while the sun shined. I got all of it done!I wish I would have taken advantage of my time off last week___1___All I did was lay around thehouse.And that’s all the time we have for these Words and Their Stories. But join us again next week. You can listen while you’re making dinner or riding to work. Yeah, make hay while the sun shines.1.Which of the following best matches ―make hay whilethe sun shines in paragraph 2?A.Sow nothing, reap nothing.B.Sharp tools make good work.C.Strike while the iron is hot.D.One swallow doesn’t make a summer.2.According to the underlined sentence, what feeling does the speaker express?A.AdmirableB.RegretfulC.AnnoyedD.Indifferent3.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A radio programB.A magazineC.A brochureD.A novelBAccording to the study posted onScienceDirect, gardening just two to three times a week increase the benefits of better well-being as much as possible and lower stress levels.The research explored why residents engaged with gardening and the extent to which they recognized any health benefits from the activity.A questionnaire was handed out electronically within theUK, with 5,766 gardeners and 249 non-gardeners responding. Data was collected on factors including garden typology（类型学）, frequency of gardening and individual awareness of health and well-being."This is the first time the dose response（剂量效应）to gardening has been tested and the evidence from the survey strongly suggests that the more frequently you garden, the greaterthe health benefits," said Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) lead author Dr Lauriane Chalmin-Pui. In fact, gardening every day has the same positive impact on well-being than undertaking regular and powerful exercise like cycling or running.When gardening, our brains are pleasantly entertained by nature around us. Gardening takes our attention away from ourselves and our stresses, therefore, it helps restore our minds and reduce unfavorable feelings.Improving health, however, was not the main motive power to garden, but rather the direct pleasure gardening brought to the participants."Gardening is like effortless exercise because it doesn't feel as exhausting and hard as going to the gym, for example, but we canexpendsimilar amounts of energy," Chalmin-Pui added.Most people say they garden for pleasure and enjoyment, so people who like gardening may be easy to be addicted to it. However, this sometimes may become a piece of good news, from the aspect of mental health. "We hope all the millions of new gardeners will be getting their daily gardening and feeling all the better for it. " Chalmin-Pui said in the interview.4. What can be inferred about gardening from the survey?A. Improving health is the aim of the participants.BGardening makes no difference to health.C. Health benefits from frequent gardening.D. Too much gardening always does harm to health.5. What does the underlined word "expend" mean in paragraph 7?A. Consume.B. Make use of.C. Increase.D. Save.6. Why do so many participantslike gardening?A. It isn't exhausting.B. It is good for health.C. It brings pleasure.D. It is like going to the gym.7. What is Chalmin-Pui's attitude to the new gardeners' gardening?A. Carefree.B. SupportiveC. Tolerant.D. Indifferent.CNot long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment. This tradition has continued, with the implied message: usethisand exercise willbe yours.And that's part of the problem, says Dr. Lieberman, a professor of Harvard University. There isn't one “best” anything to achieve fitness. Besides, people understand exercise is good for them. Knowledge about exercise still doesn't motivate.Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. “It's a fundamental instinct to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding,” he says.It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise “can make it like taking cod liver oil,” Lieberman says. “Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't. And it's still coming across as an order, and “not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward,” says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition ofwhat counts as exercise, and an injection of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.8. What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. The magazine.B. The tradition.C. The equipment.D. The message.9. What can we infer about technology?A. It improves life quality.B. It saves people's time.C. It drives social progress.D. It makes exercise less likely.10. Why does the author mention “cod liver oil” in paragraph 4?A. To attach importance to health.B. To present a doctor's prescription.C. To explain exercise is considered inessential.D. To introduce the latest medical application.11. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Exercise should be made more joyful.B. It's more fun to work out with others.C. We may encounter bad workout experiences.D. Orders work well to motivate people to exercise.DBy mid-century there will likely be 9 billion people on the planet, using ever more resources and leading ever more technologically complex lives. What will our cities be like? How much will artificialintelligence (AI) advance? Will global warming cause disastrous changes, or will we be able to engineer our way out of the climate change issues? Recently, the magazineBig Thinkasked top minds from a variety of fields to weigh in on what the future holds 40 years from now. The result is as follows.It's likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas and will have a much higher average age than people today. Cities theorist Richard thinks urbanization will transform the education system of, making our economy less houses driven and removing the divisions between home and work.And rapidly advancing technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won't look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but it's likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster transports. A largerversion of driverless cars-driverless trucks — may make long-distance drivers out of date.Some long view predictions are completelydire. Environmentalist Bill says that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we could see out-of- control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls and wars over limited freshwater resources.In terms of how we will eat, green markets founder and “real food" supporter Nina believes that there will be more small milk processing plants and more regional food operations and we'll be healthier as a result.New York Timeswriter Mark thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods and eat foods grown closer to where they live. And more people will be aware of the ethical responsibility" to grow foods.12. What may happen by 2050 based on the magazineBig Think ?A. Education will be driven by economy.B. The majority of people will be taller.C. AI will cause disastrous changes.D. Most people will live in big cities.13. What do we know about technology in the future according to Paragraph 3?A. It will make people live in science-fiction fantasy.B. It will ensure safer transports due to faster cars.C. It will greatly change the way in which people live.D. It will increase the number of long-distance drivers.14. What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Magical.B. Terrible.C. Ridiculous.D. Meaningful.15. What does Nina think of foods in the future?A. People will eat healthier and fresher foods.B. Land-raised farm systems will be improved.C. There will be smaller regional food operations,D. Food supplies will become much more limited.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2024年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校中考数学三模试题(含解析)
2024年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校中考数学三模试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________题号一二三总分得分注意事项：1．全卷满分120分．考试时间为120分钟．考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效．2．请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上．3．答选择题必须用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效．4．作图必须用2B 铅笔作答，并请加黑加粗，描写清楚．一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分．在每小题所给出的四个选项中，恰有一项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上）1．有理数的相反数是（ ）A ．B ．3C ．D ．2．下列运算正确的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．3．中国象棋是中华民族的文化瑰宝，因趣味性强，深受大众喜爱．如图，在象棋棋盘上建立平面直角坐标系，若“馬”的坐标为，“車”的坐标为，则“炮”的坐标为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．4．某中学个班参加春季植树活动，具体植树情况统计如下表13133-13-4312⋅=a a a 22321a a -=33422a a a ÷=()33327a a -=-()1,2()2,2-()2,1()2,2()3,1()4,020植树数目班级数目142571则该校班级种植树木的中位数和众数分别为（ ）A ．，7B ．，7C ．，D ．，5．如图是凸透镜成像示意图，是蜡烛通过凸透镜所成的虚像．已知蜡烛的高为，蜡烛与凸透镜的水平距离为，该凸透镜的焦距为，，则像的高为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．6．如图，直线交坐标轴于点，，交反比例函数于点，，若，则的值为（ ）A ．6B．C ．9D ．12二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．请把答案填写在答题卡相应位置上）7．今年春节黄金周上海共接待游客约16750000人，16750000这个数用科学记数法表示为 ．8．因式分解： ．30404550607047.55047.5605060CD AB MN AB 5.2cm AB MN OB 6cm OF 8cm //AE OF CD 15.6cm 17.5cm 18.4cm 20.8cm364y x =-+A B k y x=M N MN AM BN =+k 214231827a a -+=9．不等式组的解集为，则的取值范围 ．10．如图，在平行四边形中，，，，点M 在上，且，点N 在上．若平分四边形的面积，则的长度为 ．11．月日是世界读书日，某校为了解该校名六年级学生每周阅读课外书籍的时间，随机抽取了该校名六年级学生，调查了他们每周阅读课外书籍的时间，并制作成如图所示的频数分布直方图，那么估计该校六年级学生每周阅读课外书籍的时间不少于小时的学生约有 名．12．如图，在中，，D 为边上一动点（不与点B 重合），以为边作正方形，连接，则当的面积最大时，的长为 ．13．已知，是方程的两个实数根，则代数式的值为 ．14．初三（1）班同学在“2024义卖”活动中表现特别突出，他们设计了甲乙两款纪念品．销112x a x x >⎧⎪⎨+-<⎪⎩1x >-a ABCD 8AB =10BC ==60B ∠︒AD 8AM =BC MN ABCD MN 423210305ABC AB AC ==4BC =AB CD CDEF BE BDE AD 1x 2x 220240x x --=321122024x x x -+售一件甲纪念品可获利：销售一件乙纪念品可获利；当销售量的比为时，总获利为．当销售量的比为时，总获利为 ．15．如图，在中，，．以为直径的交于点D ，过点D 作的切线交于点E ．若的半径为2，则阴影部分的面积为 ．16．如图，（n 为正整数）均为等边三角形，它们的边长依次是2，4，6，…，，顶点均在y 轴上，点O 是所有等边三角形的中心，点的坐标为 ．三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共88分．请在答题卡指定区域内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17．计算：16%24%3:218%1:3ABC 90ABC ∠=︒AB BC =AB O AC O BC O 12345678932313,,,-- △△△△n n n A A A A A A A A A A A A 2n 3693,,, n A A A A 2024A 23|3|2tan 30---︒18．解方程：.19．解不等式组：．20．先化简，然后在中选一个你喜欢的值，代入求值．32133x x x --=+-37111122x x ->-⎧⎪⎨+>⎪⎩22121124x x x x ++⎛⎫-÷ ⎪+-⎝⎭1,0,2-x21．为响应习总书记“扶贫先扶志，扶贫必扶智”的号召，攀枝花市教体局向木里县中小学捐赠一批书籍和实验器材共360套，其中书籍比实验器材多120套(1)求书籍和实验器材各有多少套？(2)现计划租用甲、乙两种型号的货车共8辆，一次性将这批书籍和实验器材运往该县，已知每辆甲种货车最多可装书籍40套和实验器材10套，每辆乙种货车最多可装书籍30套和实验器材20套，运输部门安排甲、乙两种型号的货车时，有几种方案？请你帮助设计出来22．某超市以元每件的价格购进了一批玩具，并以每件不低于进货价且利润率不高于的价格进行销售．设售价为元/件，每天销售量为件，与满足一次函数关系，部分数据如下表所示．销售单价（元/件）……每天销售数量（件）……(1)设每天销售利润为元，求与的函数表达式并写出的取值范围；(2)当这种玩具每天销售利润为元时，求这种玩具的售价；(3)当这种玩具的售价定为多少时，每天销售利润最大？最大利润是多少？2045%x y y x x 212223y 380360340w w x x 150023．为促进学生身心全面健康发展，进一步推广“阳光体育”大课间活动，某校就学生对：A ．实心球；B ．立定跳远；C ．跑步；D ．跳绳，四种体育活动项目最喜欢的情况进行调查，随机抽取了部分学生，并将调查结果绘制成如图1，图2的统计图，请结合图中的信息，解答下列问题：(1)本次被抽取的学生总人数是______，将条形统计图补充完整．(2)随机抽取了4名喜欢“跑步”的学生，其中有2名女生，2名男生，现从这4名学生中再任意抽取2名学生，请用画树状图或列表的方法，求出刚好抽到2名女生的概率．24．小杰在学习了“仰角、俯角、坡比”后，他在自己居住的小区设计了如下测量方案：小杰利用小区中的一个斜坡，首先在斜坡的底端测得高楼顶端的仰角是，然后沿斜坡向上走到处，再测得高楼顶端的仰角是，已知斜坡的坡比是，斜坡的底端到高楼底端的距离是、、三点在一直线上如图所CD CD C A 60︒CD D A 37︒CD 1:6i =CD C AB B B C E (示．假设测角仪器的高度忽略不计，求点离地面的距离结果精确到米．(参考数据：，，)25．如图，是的外接三角形，点D 在上，，AD 交BC 于点E ，交AC 延长线于点F ．(1)求证：DF 是的切线；(2)若，BD 的长；(3)若BC 是直径，如（3）题图，动点D 运动到与点A 在直径BC 同侧，且．求证：．)D (0.1)sin 370.60︒≈cos370.80︒≈tan 370.75︒≈ 1.73≈O ABC O BDCD =DF BC ∥O 6AB =:AE EC =O AB AC >AB AC -26．如图1，正方形中，点E 是上一点，连接交正方形对角线于点F ，连接．(1)求证：；(2)如图2，连接交于点O ，点M 是上一点，连接交于点G ，，延长交的延长线于点N ．①求证：；②若，，求的长．27．如图，某课外小组利用几何画板来研究二次函数的图象，给出二次函数解析式（b ，c 为常数），通过输入不同的b 、c 的值，在几何画板的展示区得到对应的抛物线．若所得抛物线恰好经过和两点，解决下列问题．ABCD BC DE AC BF BF DF =BD AC AB MF BD BMF DEC ∠=∠MF BC FB FN =12OF OD =2OG =CN 2y x bx c =++1L ()0,0O ()2,0A(1)求与抛物线相对应的b 、c 的值；(2)若把抛物线相对应的b 、c 的值交换后，再次输入得到新的抛物线，求抛物线与x 轴交点的坐标，并说明抛物线是否经过的顶点；(3)另有直线l ：与抛物线交于点P ，Q ，与抛物线交于点M ，N，若的值是整数，请直接写出n 的最大值．1L 1L 2L 2L 2L 1L y n 1L 2L MN PQ参考答案：1．D【分析】本题主要考查了求一个数的相反数，根据只有符号不同的两个数互为相反数进行求解即可．【详解】解：有理数的相反数是，故选：D ．2．D【分析】本题主要考查了同底数幂乘除法计算，积的乘方计算和合并同类项，熟知相关计算法则是解题的关键．【详解】解：A 、，原式计算错误，不符合题意；B 、，原式计算错误，不符合题意；C 、，原式计算错误，不符合题意；D 、，原式计算正确，符合题意；故选：D ．3．C【分析】本题主要考查了实际问题中用坐标表示位置，根据“馬”和“車”的坐标建立坐标系，进而得到“炮”的坐标即可．【详解】解：根据题意可建立如下坐标系，∴炮”的坐标为，故选：C ．4．D【分析】本题考查了中位数，众数．熟练掌握中位数，众数是解题的关键．根据中位数，众数的定义求解作答即可．【详解】解：由题意知，中位数为第位数的平均数即，1313-437a a a ⋅=22232a a a -=33422a a ÷=()33327a a -=-()3,11011、5050502+=众数为，故选：D ．5．D【分析】本题考查了相似三角形的应用，熟练掌握相似三角形的判定和性质是解题的关键．先证得出，再证，根据相似三角形的对应边成比例得出，即可求出的长．【详解】解：由题意得，，，，四边形是平行四边形．．，，，．，，，．，故选：D6．C 【分析】本题考查的是一次函数与反比例函数的综合应用，平行线分线段成比例，一元二次方程根与系数的关系，先根据，可得，过点作轴的垂线，垂足分别为，可得，根据，联立直线与反比例函数解析式，根据一元二次方程根与系数的关系，即可求解．【详解】解：∵∴如图所示，过点作轴的垂线，垂足分别为，60CAE COF ∽34OA OC =OAB OCD ∽△△AB OA CD OC=CD AB MN ∥AE OF ∥AB CD ∴ABOE 6cm AE OB ∴==AE OF ∥CAE COF ∴ ∽∴AC AE OC OF =∴6384AC OC ==∥ AB CD OAB OCD ∴∽△△∴AB OA CD OC =∴5.214CD =20.8CD ∴=MN AM BN =+12MN AB =,M N x ,C D 12CD OB =214x x -=MN AM BN=+12MN AB=,M N x ,C D∴∴，即∵∴设的横坐标为∴联立即∴∴解得：故选：C ．7．【分析】此题考查了正整数指数科学记数法，对于一个绝对值大于10的数，科学记数法的表示形式为的形式，其中，n为比原数的整数位数少1的正整数，表示时关键要正确确定a 的值以及n 的值．【详解】解：．故答案为：．8．【分析】本题考查因式分解，先提取公因式，再利用完全平方公式进行因式分解即可．AO MC ND∥∥AM MN NB OC CD DB ==MN CD AB OB=12MN AB =12CD OB=,M N 12,x x 214x x -=364y x ky x ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩23604x x k -+-=121248,3k x x x x +==214x x -===9k =71.67510⨯10n a ⨯1||10a ≤<711.760705650010⨯=71.67510⨯()233a -【详解】解：．故答案为：．9．【分析】本题考查根据不等式组的解集的情况求参数的范围，先解不等式组，根据不等式组的解集，得到关于的不等式，求解即可．【详解】解不等式组，得：，∵不等式组的解集为，∴．故答案为：．10．【分析】本题考查了平行四边形的性质、勾股定理、直角三角形的性质、全等三角形的判定及性质，先作出辅助线，根据平行四边形的性质以及边长得到的长，再根据面积平分可得到，再根据证明出平行四边形以及直角三角形的勾股定理可得到结果，数形结合，作辅助线是解题的关键．【详解】解：如图，取中点O ，连接并延长交于点N ，过A 作于点G ，过M 作于点H ，如图所示：，∵，∴，∴，∴∵平分四边形的面积，∴经过平分四边形的中心O ，∵在平行四边形中，，，∴，()()2223182736933a a a a a -+=-+=-()233a -1a ≤-a 112x a x x >⎧⎪⎨+-<⎪⎩1x a x >⎧⎨>-⎩1x >-1a ≤-1a ≤-AG AOM CON △≌△AC MO BC AG BC ⊥MH BC ⊥=60B ∠︒9030BAG B ∠=︒-∠=︒142BG AB ==AG ===MN ABCD MN ABCD ABCD 8AB =10BC =10,AD BC AD BC ==∥∴，又∵，∴，∴，∵，∴，∴，∵，∴，又∵，∴四边形是平行四边形，∴∴，∴即的长为故答案为：．11．【分析】本题考查频数分布直方图，样本估计总体．用乘被抽取的名六年级学生中每周阅读课外书籍的时间不少于小时所占的比例即可．解题的关键是正确理解题意并从频数分布直方图中获取相关信息．【详解】解：由频数分布直方图可知：每周阅读课外书籍的时间在至小时的学生约有：（名），∴在被抽取的名六年级学生中每周阅读课外书籍的时间不少于小时的学生约有：（名），∴（名）∴估计该校六年级学生每周阅读课外书籍的时间不少于小时的学生约有名．故答案为：．,AMO CNO MAO NCO ∠=∠∠=∠AO CO =()AOM CON AAS ≌AM CN =8AM =8CN =2BN BC CN =-=,AG BC MH BC ⊥⊥AG MH ∥AM GH AGHM 8,GH AM MH AG ====48210NH BG GH BN =+-=+-=MN ===MN 982103051541216+=305301614-=142109830⨯=5989812【分析】作于H ，于 G ，作于M ，由等腰三角形三线合一可得，再证，计算出，通过证明，可得，从而用含x 的二次函数表示出，化为顶点式即可求解．【详解】解：作于H ，于 G ，作于M，如图：∵，∴，，∵ ，，∴，∴，即∴设，，∵四边形是正方形，∴，，又∵，∴，∴，∴ ，EH AB ⊥CG AB ⊥AM BC ⊥122BM CM BC ===CBG ABM ∽CG =GB BD x =()AAS EDG DCG ≌EH DG x ==BDE S △EH AB ⊥CG AB ⊥AM BC ⊥AB AC ==4BC =122BM CM BC ===1AM ===CBG ABM ∠=∠90CGB AMB ∠=∠=︒CBG ABM ∽CG GB CB AM MB AB ==12CG GB ==CG =GB BD x =DG GB BD x =-=CDEF DE DC =90G EHA ∠=∠=︒90EDG GDC GDC DCG ∠+∠=∠+∠=︒EDG DCG ∠=∠()AAS EDG DCG ≌EH DG x =-∴，∵ ∴当最大，此时【点睛】本题考查全等三角形、等腰三角形、相似三角形、正方形、二次函数求最值综合，寻找线段与角度之间的等量关系是解题关键，二次函数求最值通常化为顶点式求解．13．【分析】本题主要考查了一元二次方程根的定义和根与系数的关系，解题的关键是掌握，．把代入原方程得 ，根据一元二次方程根与系数的关系得出，，整理，即可求解．【详解】解：把代入原方程得：，∴，∵，是方程的两个实数根，∴，，∴；故答案为：4049．14．【分析】本题考查了分式方程，利润、成本及利润率的关系，设一件甲纪念品的成本为a 元，211182225BDES BD EH x x x ⎫⎛=⋅=⋅-=-+⎪ ⎪ ⎭⎝ 102a =-<x =BDE S △AD AB BD =-==404912b x x a+=-12c x x a ⋅=1x 2112024x x -=121b x x a +=-=212024c x a x ⋅==-()322112112220242024x x x x x x +-+-=2221x x =+()221212x x x x -⋅=+1x 21120240x x --=2112024x x -=1x 2x 220240x x --=121b x x a +=-=212024c x ax ⋅==-()322112112220242024x x x x x x +-+-=2221x x =+()221212x x x x -⋅=+()2122024-⨯-=4049=20.8%一件乙纪念品的成本为b 元，由“销售量的比为时，总获利为”及利润率公式，可求得a 与b 的关系，则可求得销售量的比为时的总获利．【详解】解：设一件甲纪念品的成本为a 元，一件乙纪念品的成本为b 元，则，解得，当销售量的比为时，总获利为：，故答案为：．15．/【分析】连接，求出，得出，证明四边形为矩形，根据，得出四边形为正方形，根据求出结果即可．【详解】解：连接，如图所示：∵为的切线，∴，∴，∵在中，，，∴，∵，∴，∴，∴，3:218%1:316%324%218%32a b a b⨯⨯+⨯⨯=+2a b =1:316%124%3216%124%3104%20.8%3235a b b b b a b b b b⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯===++20.8%4π-4π-+OD 180454590AOD ∠=︒-︒-︒=︒90ODE DOB OBE ∠=∠=∠=︒DOBE OD OB =DOBE DOBE OBD S S S =-阴影正方形扇形OD DE O OD DE ⊥90ODE ∠=︒ABC 90ABC ∠=︒AB BC =190452A C ∠=∠=⨯︒=︒OA OD =45ADO A ∠=∠=︒180454590AOD ∠=︒-︒-︒=︒90DOB ∠=︒∵，∴四边形为矩形，∵，∴四边形为正方形，∴．故答案为：．【点睛】本题主要考查了切线的性质，正方形的判定，扇形面积计算，等腰三角形的性质，解题的关键在作出辅助线，证明四边形四边形为正方形．16．【分析】此题考查了点的变化规律，主要利用了等边三角形的性质和解直角三角形求出点、、的坐标，找到点的变化规律，求出点的坐标，再利用轴对称的性质可得．【详解】解：∵，，，…，（为正整数）均为等边三角形，它们的边长依次是，顶点均在轴上，过点作轴于点B ，连接，∵点O 是所有等边三角形的中心，∴，∵，90ODE DOB OBE ∠=∠=∠=︒DOBE OD OB =DOBE DOBE OBDS S S =-阴影正方形扇形290222360p ⨯⨯=⨯-4π=-4π-DOBE 675,⎛ ⎝1A 4A 7A 2023A 2024A 123A A A △456A A A △789A A A △32313n n n A A A --△n 2,4,6,,2n ⋅⋅⋅3693,,,n A A A A ⋅⋅⋅y 1A 1A B x ⊥1OA 130A OB ∠=︒122A A =∴，∴∴的坐标为，同理可得，，则第二个三角形的顶点的坐标为，则第三个三角形的顶点的坐标为，∵，∴是第个等边三角形的第1个顶点，位于第三象限，∴点的坐标是，由与关于轴对称，∴点的坐标是故答案为：17．【分析】本题考查特殊三角函数值和实数的混合运算，解题的关键是掌握实数的混合运算法则．先计算负整数指数幂，绝对值，二实数乘法，特殊三角函数值，再合并即可；【详解】解：原式18．12112OB A A ==1tan 301A B OB =︒==1A 1,⎛- ⎝454A A =4A 2,⎛- ⎝7A 3,⎛- ⎝202336741÷=⋯2023A 6752023A 675,⎛- ⎝2023A 2024A y 2024A 675,⎛ ⎝675,⎛ ⎝289-+1(329=--+-139=--289=-32x =【分析】本题考查解分式方程，熟练掌握解方程的方法是解题的关键．利用去分母将原方程化为整式方程，解得x 的值后进行检验即可．【详解】解：经检验为原方程的根19．【分析】本题主要考查了解一元一次不等式组，先求出每个不等式的解集，再根据 “同大取大，同小取小，大小小大中间找，大大小小找不到（无解）”求出不等式组的解集即可．【详解】解：解不等式①得：，解不等式②得：，∴不等式组的解集为．20．，【分析】本题考查分式化简求值，熟练掌握分式运算法则是解题的关键．先将原式小括号内的式子进行通分计算，然后再算括号外面的除法，最后根据分式有意义的条件选取合适的x 的值代入求值．【详解】解：原式，当时，原式．21．(1)书籍和实验器材各有240套，120套；(2)有5种方案：①运输部门安排甲种型号的货车0辆，乙种型号的货车8辆；②运输部门安排甲种型号的货车1辆，乙种型号的货车7辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车2辆，乙种型号的货车6辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车3辆，乙种型号的货车5辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车4辆，乙种型号的货车4辆．【分析】本题考查了二元一次方程组的应用、一元一次不等式组的应用，正确建立方程组和()()223239x x x --+=-2269269x x x x -+--=-812x -=-32x =32x =2x >37111122x x ->-⎧⎪⎨+>⎪⎩①②2x >1x >2x >21x x -+2-21(2)(2)22(1)1x x x x x x x ++--=⋅=+++0x =2=-不等式组是解题关键．（1）设书籍有x 套，实验器材有y 套，根据书籍和实验器材共360套，其中书籍比实验器材多120套建立方程组，解方程组即可得；（2）设运输部门安排甲种型号的货车m 辆，乙种型号的货车辆，根据两种型号的货车运输量建立不等式组，解不等式组即可得．【详解】（1）解：设书籍和实验器材各有x 套，y 套，由题意得，，解得，答：书籍和实验器材各有240套，120套；（2）解：设运输部门安排甲种型号货车m 辆，则运输部门安排乙种型号货车辆，由题意得，，解得，∴有5种方案：①运输部门安排甲种型号的货车0辆，乙种型号的货车8辆；②运输部门安排甲种型号的货车1辆，乙种型号的货车7辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车2辆，乙种型号的货车6辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车3辆，乙种型号的货车5辆；③运输部门安排甲种型号的货车4辆，乙种型号的货车4辆．22．(1)(2)这种玩具的售价元/件(3)当售价应定为元/件时，可获得最大利润，最大利润是元【分析】（）依据题意，设y 与x 满足一次函数关系式为，再结合表格数据可得一次函数过(21,380), (22,360), 从而列方程组计算求出，即可得销量与售价的关系，再结合利润每件利润销量，即可得解析式，然后根据售价每件不低于进货价且利润率不高于，可得自变量的范围；（）依据题意，令，从而，求出后，再结合自变量的范围即可得解；()8m -360120x y x y +=⎧⎨-=⎩240120x y =⎧⎨=⎩()8m -()()4030824010208120m m m m ⎧+-≥⎪⎨+-≥⎪⎩04m ≤≤()2201200160002029w x x x =-+-≤≤252919801,y kx b =+k b =⨯45%21500w =2150020120016000=-+-x x x（）依据题意，由利润，再由 ，，然后根据二次函数的性质即可判断得解；本题主要考查了一次函数的应用、二次函数的应用，解题的关键是熟练掌握知识的灵活运用．【详解】（1）设关于的表达式为，将，代入，得， 解得，∴，，∵利润率不高于的价格进行销售，∴∴与的函数表达式；（2）∵每天销售利润为元，∴，解得，，∵，∴，答：这种玩具的售价元/件；（3）∵，∴，，∴当时，取得最大值，此时，答：当售价应定为元/件时，可获得最大利润，最大利润是元．23．(1)150，图见解析(2)3()222012001600020302000w x x x =-+-=--+200-<2029x ≤≤y x y kx b =+()21,380()22,3602138022360k b k b +=⎧⎨+=⎩20800k b =-⎧⎨=⎩20800y x =-+()()()220208002020120016000w x y x x x x =-=--=-+-45%29x ≤w x ()2201200160002029w x x x =-+-≤≤15002201200160001500x x -+-=125x =235x =2029x ≤≤25x =25()222012001600020302000w x x x =-+-=--+200-<2029x ≤≤29x =w 1980w =29198016【分析】本题考查条形图和扇形图的综合应用，树状图法求概率：（1）用的人数除以所占的比例求出总人数，进而求出的人数，补全条形图即可；（2）画出树状图，利用概率公式进行求解即可．【详解】（1）解：，∴的人数为：，补全条形图如图：（2）画出树状图如图：共有12种等可能的结果，其中抽中2名女生的结果有2种，∴．24．6.2米【分析】本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题、坡度坡角问题；过点作于点，于点，先根据正切的定义求出，设米，根据坡度的概念用表示出，根据正切的定义列出方程，解方程得到答案．【详解】解：在中，，， 米，过点作于点，于点，A C 1510%150÷=C 150********---=21126P ==D DG BE ⊥G DH AB ⊥H AB DG x =x DH Rt ABC △BC =60ACB ∠=︒ tan ∠=AB ACB BC∴tan 60AB BC ACB =∠==()D DG BE ⊥G DH AB ⊥H则四边形为矩形，，，设米，米，斜坡的坡比是：，米，米，在中，解得：，经检验是原方程的解，答：点离地面的距离约为米．25．(1)见解析(2)(3)见解析【分析】本题考查了圆的切线的判定、相似三角形的判定和性质及全等三角形的判定和性质等知识点，熟练掌握相关性质及定理是解题的关键．（1）连接，、，、，根据等弧所对弦相等得，在证是线段的中垂线，得，根据平行线的性质得，证，且是半径，再根据切线的判定定理可得答案；（2）连接，证，即可得出结论；（3）过点D 作于点E ，根据直径所对圆周角是直角得，，在证为等腰直角三角形，得，在证，依据HBGD BH DG ∴=DH BG =DGx =()60AH AB BH x ∴=-=- CD 1i =66CG x ∴=()6BG x ∴=+Rt AHD △tan AH ADH DH∠=0.75≈ 6.2x =≈D 6.2BD =OD BD CD OB OC BD CD =OD BC 90BMD ∠=︒90BMD FDM ∠=∠=︒OD DF ⊥OD BD ABD AEC ∽△△AB AE BD CE=DE AD ⊥90BAC ∠=︒=90BDC ∠︒ADE V AE =BDE CDA △≌△，得出结论；【详解】（1）证明：连接，、，、；是线段的中垂线，，又，，，且是半径，是的切线 ，（2）连接．，，又，，，，．AB BE AE AC =+=OD BD CDOB OC BDCD = BD CD∴=OB OC= OD ∴BC 90BMD ∴∠=︒DF BC ∥ 90BMD FDM ∴∠=∠=︒OD DF ∴⊥OD DF ∴O BD BDCD = BAD CAD ∴∠=∠ADB C ∠=∠ ABD AEC ∴∽△△AB AE BD CE ∴=6BD∴=BD ∴=（3）过点D 作于点E ，是直径，，，又在等腰直角三角形中，即，在和中又DE AD ⊥∴90EDA ∠=︒BC O 90BAC ∴∠=︒=90BDC ∠︒BDCD = 45DBC DCB ∴∠=∠=︒45DAB DCB ∠=∠=︒90EDA ∠=︒45DEA ∴∠=︒DE DA∴=∴ADE AE =90BDC EDA ∠=∠=︒Q BDC EDC EDA EDC∴∠-∠=∠-∠12∠=∠BDE △CDA 12BD CD DE DA =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩(SAS)BDE CDA ∴≌ BE AC∴=AB BE AE AC =+=AB AC ∴-=26．(1)见解析(2)①见解析；②【分析】本题主要考查了正方形的性质，全等三角形的性质与判定，相似三角形的性质与判定，勾股定理等等：（1）只需要证明，即可证明．（2）①先证明．再由全等三角形的性质得到，则，即可证明．②作于点H ．证明，得到．求出，，进而得到，得到，则【详解】（1）证明：∵四边形是正方形，∴，．在和中，，∴，∴．（2）①证明：∵四边形为正方形，∴，∴，．∵，∴．由（1）知，()SAS CBF CDF ≌BF DF =N CDE ∠=∠CBF CDE ∠=∠CBF N ∠=∠FB FN =FH BN ⊥OGF OFD ∽△△12OG OF OF OD ==4OF =8OD =CH ==BH BC CH =-=BF NF =NH BH ==CN NH CH =-=ABCD CB CD =45BCF DCF ∠=∠=︒CBF V CDF CB CD BCF DCF CF CF =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩()SAS CBF CDF ≌BF DF =ABCD 90ABC BCD ∠=∠=︒90N BMF ∠+∠=︒90CDE DEC ∠+∠=︒BMF DEC ∠=∠N CDE ∠=∠CBF CDF ≌∴，∴，∴．②解：如图，作于点H ．∵，，∴，∴，∴．∵四边形为正方形，∴，∴，∴，∴．∵，∴，，∴，，，∴∴．∵，∴，∴27．(1)，(2)；经过的顶点CBF CDE ∠=∠CBF N ∠=∠FB FN =FH BN ⊥BMF DEC ∠=∠90BMFN ∠+∠=︒90DEN N ∠+∠=︒DE MN ⊥90DFM ∠=︒ABCD 90DOF FOG ∠=∠=︒OGF OFD ∠=∠OGF OFD ∽△△12OG OF OF OD ==2OG =4OF =8OD =8OC OB OD ===BC =4CF OC OF =-=CH ==BH BC CH =-=BF NF =NH BH ==CN NH CH =-==2b =-0c =)(),2L 1L(3)n 的最大值为【分析】（1）把和代入抛物线中解答即可；（2）确定抛物线的顶点坐标，确定物线的解析式，令，解方程的根即可求抛物线与x 轴交点的坐标，把抛物线的顶点坐标代入抛物线的解析式，验证说明即可；（3）当时，得，，解得,,计算，得，令，根据反比例函数性质解答即可．本题考查了待定系数法，抛物线与x 轴的交点，解方程，反比例函数的性质，熟练掌握待定系数法，反比例函数的性质是解题的关键．【详解】（1）把和代入抛物线，得，解得．（2）∵,∴的解析式为，故抛物线的顶点坐标为；根据题意，得抛物线的解析式，令，得，解得故抛物线与x 轴交点的坐标为；当，23-()0,0O ()2,0A 2y x bx c =++1L 2L 0y =2L 1L 2L y n =22x n -=22x x n -=12x x ==3411x x ==12MN x x =-=34PQ x x =-=MN PQ ===11y n =+()0,0O ()2,0A 2y x bx c =++4200b c c ++=⎧⎨=⎩20b c =-⎧⎨=⎩20b c =-⎧⎨=⎩1L ()22211y x x x =-=--()1,1-2L 22y x =-0y =220x -=x =2L )(),1x =，故抛物线经过的顶点．（3）∵直线l ：与抛物线交于点P ，Q ，与抛物线交于点M ，N ，∴,∴,当时，得，，解得,∴，∴，令，根据反比例函数的性质，得当越小时，越大，∵的值是整数，∴y当当当是整数，符合题意；∴的最小值是3，此时最大，此时，故n 的最大值为．故n 的最大值是．221y x =-=-2L 1L y n =1L 2L >1n -21>n +y n =22x n -=22x x n -=12x x =3411x x =+=12MN x x =-=34PQ x x =-=MN PQ ==11y n =+y 1n +MN PQ1y =2y =3y =2=y 1n +113n +=12133n =-+=-23-。
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三生物第三次联考试题及答案
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三生物第三次联考试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下图①～①分别表示不同的变异类型。
下列有关分析正确的是（）A. ①①都表示易位，发生在减数第一次分裂的前期B. ①表示染色体结构变异中的缺失C. ①一定是由于染色体结构变异中的重复导致的D 四种变异都能够遗传2. 染色质（体）、DNA和基因三者之间有着千丝万缕的联系，但又有较大区别。
下列相关说法错误的是（）A. 染色质存在于真核细胞的细胞核内，DNA和基因还可存在于细胞质内B. 基因可以是DNA片段，但DNA片段不一定是基因C. 摩尔根通过白眼果蝇和红眼果蝇杂交实验证明了基因在染色体上呈线性排列D. 基因和染色体在杂交过程中保持完整性和独立性3. 下列关于酶和ATP的叙述，正确的是（）A. 能产生A TP的细胞结构都属于生物膜系统B. 酶都是在核糖体上合成的C.ATP和脱氧核苷酸的组成元素相同D. 酶和ATP都可以重复使用4. 下图所示为苹果果实在一段时间内，随着环境中O2浓度的提高，其O2吸收量和CO2释放量的曲线，结合此图分析下列说法错误的是（）A.O2浓度达到b以后，果实基本上靠有氧呼吸提供能量B. 根据放出的气体使溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液由蓝变绿再变黄，无法确定苹果果实的呼吸方式C.O2浓度为a时，若cd=ca，则无氧呼吸与有氧呼吸消耗的葡萄糖量相等D.O2浓度为a时，若da与ca的比值为x，当1<x<4/3时，有氧呼吸消耗葡萄糖的速率大于无氧呼吸5. 下列有关物质跨膜运输的叙述，错误的是（）A. 果脯在腌制中慢慢变甜，是细胞主动吸收糖分的结果B. 脂溶性物质较易通过自由扩散进出细胞C. 葡萄糖进入红细胞需借助转运蛋白，但不耗能量，属于协助扩散D. 细菌吸收K+既消耗能量，又需要载体蛋白，属于主动运输6. 下列有关物质鉴定、染色、分离和实验方法的叙述，正确的是（）A. 还原糖的检测和观察实验现象是溶液由无色变为棕色再变为砖红色沉淀B. 观察DNA和RNA分布时，需要先加入甲基绿，再加入吡罗红C. 观察植物细胞有丝分裂时，漂洗的目的是洗去多余的染色剂D. 基因分离定律的发现和果蝇白眼基因位于X染色体上的发现用了假说—演绎法7. 下图为某家族的遗传系谱图，在该地区的人群中，甲病基因携带者占健康者的30%，则甲病的遗传特点及S同时患两种病的概率是（）A. 伴X染色体隐性遗传；0.625%B. 常染色体隐性遗传；0.25%C. 常染色体隐性遗传；0.625%D. 伴X染色体隐性遗传；1.25%8. 抗维生素D佝偻病是伴X显性遗传（D、d表示等位基因）。
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BHoneybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings toproduce little waves and slide toward land-like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.As with many scientific advances-IsaacNewton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt-Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect localPasadenahoneybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs forpropulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they-predicted.Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use theirobservations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.4. What does the author intend to show by mentioningNewtonandFranklin?A. Roh’s admiration for them.B. Roh’s chance discovery about bees.C. Their outstanding talent for science.D. Their similar achievements in discovery.5. What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?A. The air weight.B. Its leg extension.C. The water movement.D. Its continuous wingbeat.6. What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Fast flightB. Driving force.C. Pulling speed.D. Explosive power.7. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Honeybees can surf to safety.B. Bees help scientists make inventions.C. Insects can adapt to the environment.D. Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.CFirst grader Gavin Clampett was diagnosed(诊断) with Tourette’s Syndrome at the age of five. Due to the neurological(神经的) disorder, he always experiences a variety of sudden uncontrolled movements and sounds.The uncontrollable actions mean that he often gets dirty looks from strangers in public and kids make cruel comments on the school bus and in class. In an effort to prevent the unkind comments, Gavin’s mother, 32yearold Rebecca Clampett helped him make a video with his sister Brynn, nine, and played it to pupils at his school to help them understand the condition.In the video, which Rebecca also shared on YouTube, Gavin’s sister Brynn starts by answering the question “What is Tourette’s Syndrome?” She explains, “It is a neurological disorder, which means it affects the brain so that a person makes unwanted movements. These are called tics(抽搐), but not like a tic that is found outside. These tics can be very noticeable or not very noticeable, quiet or loud.”School can be hard for all kids. That canbe even harder for children like Gavin because they have to face people who laugh at them every single day. “I feel like my brother and every other kid who has Tourette’s Syndrome are brave. So be kind to them and don’t treat them differently because they are just like you”, Brynn says in the video.Gavin concludes, “Everyone could play with someone. Some people think I can’t because I’m different but actually I can. Some are afraid that I will say dirty words, but actually I won’t. The disease bothers me a little, butI’m OK.”8. What can we know about Tourette’s Syndrome?A. It can be treated with drugs.B. It is usually found at an early age.C. People with it will say dirty words.D. People with it can make uncontrolled sounds.9. Because of the disease, others often _________.A. take pity on GavinB. give a hand to GavinC. keep away from GavinD. look down upon Gavin10. In the video, Gavin’s sister __________.A. explains her brother’s diseaseB. expresses her love for her brotherC. complains about unkind commentsD. encourages others to donate money11. What can be used to best describe Gavin?A. Lucky.B. Helpless.C. Optimistic.D. Stubborn.DYour house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the color1 s. Research suggests warm color1 s fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm color1 s like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold color1 s make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn onrelaxing music. It makesyou less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.12. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____________.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD.healthy diets13. A home environment in blue can help people ______________.A. digest food betterB. reduce food intakeC. burn more caloriesD. regain their appetites14. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is Your House Making You Fat?B. Waysof Serving DinnerC. Effects of SelfConsciousnessD. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试题及答案
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat to Eat—and What to Skip—When It Comes to Takeout FoodIf the burden on your wallet doesn't bother you much, the effect your takeout habit can have on your waistline just might arouse your attention. Here's the best and worst of the lot for your belly.Steamed Vegetable Dumplings: Order This.When she orders Chinese, registered dietitian nutritionist Elisa Zied gets an order of steamed vegetable dumplings. "I often pair them with either chicken and broccoli in brown sauce（I ask for a little saucemade without sugar）or steamed shrimp dumplings," she tells us.Crab Wontons: Not That!When you deconstruct crab wontons, it's easy to see why they're a "Not That!" The inside is filled with crabmeat and cream cheese（which is just a fancy, spreadable fat）.The wonton is made of refined flour, egg and salt and the crispy（脆的）coating is a result of a deep oil bath.Peking Duck: Order This.Most of the fat from the skin flows out of the duck over the course of cooking, making this a healthier choice than most of the stir-fry dishes available. Order a side of steamed vegetables and serve it with a small scoop of brown rice. Done and done!Sweet and Sour Anything: Not That!Anything with “sweet and sour” in its title is a powerful cue that something has been deep-fried and covered in a sickly-sweet pink sauce. If you pair your selection with a side of rice, you're looking at a 1,000-calorie meal.Summer Roll: Order This.Summer rolls are steamed instead of fried—and typically filled with lean proteins and vegetables, making them a winning appetizer in our book. Pair them with an order of edamame（毛豆）and a broth-based soup for a satisfying, filling meal.Spring Roll: Not That!Spring=deep-fried, which is why we say to skip them! They're filled with fat and calories your belly doesn'tneed.1.What kind of cooking method should be skipped according to the text?A.Steaming.B.Stir-frying.C.Deep-frying.D.Boiling.2.Which of the following suits as a good starter for a meal?A.Chicken and broccoli.B.Steamed vegetable dumplings.C.Peking duck.D.Summer rolls.3.Where can the text be found?A.In a recipe.B.In a guidebook.C.In a science fiction.D.In a health magazine.BThe English language is changing, and you are responsible! Whether we consider changes in grammar, spelling, pronunciation, or the very vocabulary of the language, you have played your part and continue to do so.When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred. The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable. While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate.The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving thing. Like it or not, you are involved in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this. While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English, most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language.The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words. Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words. In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them. For example, consider the word "err." The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word "her." Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation. However, in recent years, more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like "air." Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words. The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language. Through the centuries, many words have come from other languages. In fact, English has probably done this more than any other language in the world, which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have somany exceptions.Of course, many slang words have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly. Others, though, have been adopted by mainstream society and become respectable, as have many technical terms. So then remember, the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street, or make up your own words, you may be contributing to the future of the English language.4. When we begin to learn English, we think _________.A. it is interesting to pick up a new languageB. English rules are wrongly presented in factC. grammar and spelling rules are unchangeableD. only adults have the ability to affect a language5. From paragraph 3 we can know that_________.A. we can change the English languageB. many languages are changing over yearsC. English has changed little in the past 1,000 yearsD. there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation6. Why is the pronunciation of words changing?A. people speak in different waysB. people have adopted foreign wordsC. it has been affected by American EnglishD. makers of dictionaries often change them7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Foreign words involved in English.B. The British speaks differently from Americans.C. English language is changing over years.D. You can change the English language.CMedha Gupta sometimes felt worried about making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon -especially during the colder months in winter.Her mother, Divya Gupta had a suggestion: write an app. Shewas half-kidding,but Medha didn't take the challenge lightly. So she set out to work.The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha to help walkers feel more secure when travelling alone. Using the iPhone, a person can program it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she fails to arrive at a destination within a certain time.It was the first iOS app that Medha had created. While she didn't think much would come from the project, her effort caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App. Challenge, who selected her as the winner for Virginia's 10th District.The App Challenge is designed to encourage students to consider careers in science, technology, engineering, and math by experimenting with coding and computer science. Winning students are invited lo attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also received $250 in Amazon Web Service credits.Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design, program and test the app. As for her next app? Medha's not certain. She temporarily has her app-development ambitionson holdbecause she's busy teaching herself artificial intelligence to help deal with improper words on Facebook. Yes,she knows that there are teams of engineers probably doing the same thing. But she figures it can't hurt her own part, too.“If we see something wrong with the world, we should do something about it,” she said. “After all, the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves. ”8. Why did Medha Gupta feel worried?A. It took a long time to walk home.B. It was difficult to write an app.C. It was colder than ever in winter.D. It was unsafe to walk home alone.9. What is Medha's attitude to her mother's challenge?A. Serious.B. Casual.C. Uncertain.D. Indifferent.10. What does the underlined phrase “on hold” in Paragraph 6 mean?A. Developed.B. Delayed.C. Achieved.D. Satisfied.11. What's the main idea of the text?A. Medha signed up for the App Challenge.B. Medha designed Safe Travel successfully.C. An app Safe Travel guides walkers home.D. The App Challenge directs students to choose careers.DJennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's(学士) degree.Jennifer grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose theUW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) a lot to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned animportant lesson, witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.12. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She taught her sisters and brothers.D. She supported herself through college.13. Why did she choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital?A. To learn from the best nurses.B. To take care of her kids easily at night.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.14. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her chance of promotion.C Her reputation. D. Her time with family.15. What can we learn from Jennifer's story?A. Hard work pays off.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Time is money.D. Education is the key to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三生物第三次联考试卷及答案解析
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三生物第三次联考试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 盐碱地中生活的某种植物，其细胞的液泡膜上有一种载体蛋白，能将细胞质基质中的Na＋逆浓度梯度运入液泡，降低Na＋对细胞质基质中酶的伤害。
下列有关叙述不正确的是（）A.Na＋进入液泡的方式属于主动运输B.Na＋进入液泡的过程体现了液泡膜的选择透过性C.该载体蛋白作用的结果提高了细胞的吸水能力D.该载体蛋白作用的结果降低了植物的耐盐性2. 吃过山楂的人再次看到山楂时唾液分泌大量增加。
对该反射的叙述，错误的是（）A. 唾液腺是效应器的一部分B. 感受器是眼睛C. 属于条件反射D. 不需要大脑皮层的参与3. 健康人受到惊吓后收缩压通常会急剧上升，此时会引起降压反射。
关于该反射的描述正确的是（）A.压力感受器传入冲动频率降低B.副交感神经兴奋性增强C.反射弧的神经中枢位于小脑D.心排血量增大，外周阻力降低4. 模型主要包括物理模型、概念模型和数学模型三种。
下列说法错误的是（）A.真核细胞的三维结构模型和拍摄的细胞亚显微结构照片均是物理模型B.根据章节中知识之间的联系构建的知识体系属于概念模型C.根据有丝分裂过程中染色体的形态变化构建的模型属于物理模型D.酶活性受温度和pH影响的曲线图属于数学模型5. 下列关于生态系统结构的说法不正确的是（）A.生态系统的结构包括非生物的物质和能量、生产者、消费者、分解者B.土壤中的硝化细菌是化能自养生物，因而属于生产者C.植食性昆虫属于农田生态系统中的消费者，可加快物质循环D.生态系统的物质循环和能量流动是沿着食物链和食物网进行的6. 下列高科技成果中，根据基因重组原理进行的是（）①我国科学家袁隆平利用杂交技术培育出超级水稻①我国科学家将苏云金杆菌的某些基因移植到棉花体内，培育出抗虫棉①我国科学家通过返回式卫星搭载种子培育出太空椒①我国科学家通过体细胞克隆技术培养出克隆牛A．① B．①① C．①①① D．①①①7. 某实验小组为了探究乙烯对淀粉酶活性的影响，向多支试管加入等量的磷酸缓冲液、淀粉溶液和淀粉酶后分为实验组和对照组。
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案
2020年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A. Because they often fail in exams.B. Because they lack time and money.C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.A. parents should stop buying anything for their kidsB. parents should develop a good relationship with their kidsC. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kidsD. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Hard Life of College FreshmenB. Approaches to Trouble in CollegeC. Freshmen’s Adaptation ProblemsD. A Strange Phenomenon in CollegeBMost children who have suffered from ADHD still have it as teens. During teen years, especially as the hormonal changes of teenagers are going on and the demands of school and extra-curricular activities are increasing, ADHD may get worse.Because of problems with getting unfocused and poor concentration, many teens with ADHD have problems in school. Grades may fall, especially if the teen is not getting ADHD treatment. It’s not uncommon for teens with ADHD to forget their homework, lose textbooks, and become bored with their daily class work. Teens may become inattentive or extremely attentive, not waiting for their turn before blurting out answers. They may cut in on their teacher and classmates. Teens with ADHD may also befidgetyand find it hard to sit still in class.Often, teens with ADHD are so busy focusing on other things that they forget about the task at hand. This can be seen especially with homework and athletic skills and in relationships with their schoolmates. This lack of attention to what they’re doing often leads to bad grades on tests and being passed over for sports teams, after-school activities, and learning teams. Kids with ADHD can be targets for bullying, too. But, not all children with ADHD have trouble getting along with others. If your child does, you can take measures to help improve their social skills and relationships.ADHD affects all parts of a teenager’s life. As a parent you should discover your teen’s troubles as early as possible. The earlier your child’s troubles are discovered, the more successful the following steps can be.4. What does the author plan to do in paragraph 1?A. To list the types of ADHD.B. To introduce the main topic.C. To show the author’s opinion.D. To explain the causes of ADHD.5. What does the underlined word “fidgety” probably mean in paragraph 2?A. Clever.B. Noisy.C. Restless.D. Lazy.6. What is the text mainly about?A. Ways to deal with ADHD.B. Effects of ADHD on teens.C. Teens’ school performances.D. Demands of school work.7. What may the following paragraph talk about?A. How parents can help a teen with ADHD.B. The importance of healthy peer relationships.C. How many children are suffering from ADHD. D. Different opinions about treating ADHD in teens.CSam, I say to myself as I start across the bridge, you must stop these thoughts and start thinking about what to do now that you have lost your falcon, Frightful.Life, my friend Ban do once said, is meeting problems and solving them whether you are an amoeba or a space traveller. I have a problem. I have to provide my younger sister Alice and myself with meat. Fish, nuts, and vegetables are good and necessary, but they don't provide enough fuel for the hard physical work we do. Although we have venison now, I can't always count on getting it. So far this year, our venison has been only road kill from in front of Mrs Strawberry's farm.I decide to take the longest way home, down the flood plain of the West Branch of Delaware to Spillkill, my own name for a fast stream that cascades down the south face of the mountain range I'm on. I need time to think. Perhaps Alice and I should be like the early Eskimos. We should walk, camp and hunt, and when the seasons change, walk on to new food sources. But I love my tree and my mountaintop.Another solution would be to become farmers, like the people of the Iroquois Confederacy who once lived here. They settled in villages and planted corm and squash, bush beans and berries. We already grow groundnuts in the damp soil and squash in the poor land. But the Iroquois also hunted game. I can't do that anymore.I'm back where I started from.Slowly I climb the Spillkill. As I hop from rock to rock beneath shady basswoods and hemlocks, I hear the cry of the red-tailed hawk who nests on the mountain crest. I am reminded of Frightful and my heart aches. I can almost hear her call my name, Cree, Cree, Cree, Car-ree.Maybe I can get her back if I beg the man who is in charge of the peregrines at the university. “But it's the law,” he would say. I could write to the president of the United States and ask him to make an exception of Alice and me. That won't work. The president swore to uphold the Constitution and laws of the United States when he took office.I climb on. I must stop thinking about the impossible and solve the problem of what to do now. I must find anew way to provide for us. Frightful is going to be in good hands at the university, and she will have young.I smile at the thought of little Frightfuls and lift my reluctant feet.When I am far above the river, I take off my clothes and moccasins and bathe in a deep, clear pool until I am refreshed and thinking more clearly. Climbing up the bank, I dress and sit down. I breathe deeply of the mountain air and try to solve my problem more realistically.8. What does this excerpt main describe?A. Delicate mental activities.B. Unique story environment.C. Everchanging story events.D. Complicated character relationship.9. What is Sam's first worry?A. How to get back quicklyB. How to get enough venison.C. How to ensure the safety of Frightful.D. How to provide meat for Alice and himself.10. What do we know about Frightful?A. He left Sam and Alice due to lack of food.B. He helped Sam hunt before being taken away.C. He is living with the red-tailed hawk happily.D. He has given birth to babies in the university.11. Which of the following can best describe Sam?A. Humorous.B. Aggressive.C. Responsible.D. Unrealistic.DFrom skateboarding to Fleetwood Mac, TikTok users got creative in a pandemic (流行病) year with new songs, dances and shows in 60 seconds or less.The social mediavideo app on Wednesday shared its list of top 100 videos, creators and trends in America during 2020. “These videos brought joy and inspiration to millions of Americans in the rough year,” said Kudzi Chikumbu, director of creator community at TikTok.The platform has been widely associated with Generation Z (people born after 1996), millennials (people born in the 1980s or 1990s) and influencers who have started careers based on the shared videos.The Weeknd'sBlinding Lightsand Jason Derulo's Savage Loveinspired TikTok dance challenges that made them among the top songs used on the app.For some TikTok creators, the pandemic itself became inspiration to create a connection with other users. Comedian Caitlin Reilly used the app during quarantine (隔离) to make fun of those annoying coworkers for one of the top liked videos. And singer Curtis Roach made an song for the endless days at home with his song Bored inthe House.The second most popular video was an Idaho man named Nathan Apodaca who shot to fame after coolly singing Dreams by Fleetwood Mac, while skateboarding on a highway.But the most liked TikTok video was awarded to Bella Poarch with 45 million followers, who created a simple but interesting video with a few seconds of well-timed head nods and eye rolls.While the app might be designed for youth, Chikumbu said that the growth of TikTok this year has pushed it more into mainstream culture. “You're seeing everyone from the teenager to the college students with their parents and then their grandparents all making videos,” said Chikumbu. “And now TikTok trulytranscendsgenerations, particularly in this year when people had a lot of time to dig in and not only watch, but try.”12. What do we know about The Weeknd?A. He created the famous song Dreams.B. He started a career based on shared videos.C. He is probably a popular singer on TikTok.D. He organized the TikTok dance challenges.13. What did Curtis Roach think of his life during quarantine?A. Meaningful.B. Peaceful.C. Content.D. Uninteresting.14. The most popular TikTok video in 2020 was created by ______.A. Caitlin ReillyB. Curtis RoachC. Nathan ApodacaD. Bella Poarch15. What does the underlined word “transcends” in the last paragraph mean?A. Makes use of.B. Goes beyond.C. Calls on.D. Takes charge of.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试题及参考答案
2021届南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三语文三模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
隆隆炮声中传来一曲《高山流水》【注】徐怀中一个花季少女怀抱古琴，突然出现在队列前，齐竞简直不敢相信自己的眼睛了。
陪同女孩子的地方干部上前说明，她是从北平来的女学生，要报考边区政府开办的太行第二中学，路经此地，正好赶上“虎团”在开晚会。
齐竞脸上顿时感觉热辣辣的，这一下，让沦陷区来的女学生看笑话了！女学生自告奋勇，由她来演奏一曲古琴，让“一号”首长颇费斟酌。
应该欣然接受，还是婉言谢绝呢？齐竞已经下令部队解散，并且也已经在队前宣布，要用一段时间来整顿纪律，否则这个部队今后可怎么带？“厚而不能使，爱而不能令”，考虑到古代兵法有这句格言，齐竞实难接受这位古琴姑娘的提议。
可是，他又不能不暗自警告自己，一个似懂事又不懂事的女学生，心里怎么想的？立即付诸行动，并无任何顾忌。
作为现场的最高指挥员，决不可冷冰冰地板起面孔，对待如此天真烂漫的一种想法，劈头一瓢冷水浇下来。
“欢迎欢迎！请到台上来！请到台上来！”齐竞正式发出邀请。
汪可逾登上舞台，她已经迫不及待地解开琴囊，取出了古琴。
“啊哟天哪！这不是一张宋代古琴吗？”齐竞惊呼。
夜老虎团团长，带兵打仗的一位老总，凭什么他一眼就认出了这是一张宋琴呢？愈加令北平女孩惊奇不已的是，团长一边爱不释手地鉴赏这张千年老琴，一边随口吟诵出了白居易《废琴》诗句：“丝桐合为琴，中有太古声。
古声淡无味，不称今人情。
”女学生也来了兴致，以白居易的另一首诗作回应：“七弦为益友，两耳是知音。
心静即声淡，其间无古今。
”齐竞忽然意识到，自顾和北平女学生吟诗论琴，把部队扔在那里不管了，他连忙示意让部队坐下。
现场指挥立即发出口令：“请注意！全体——坐下！”老乡们也都重新围拢上来，等待恢复演出。
姑娘席地坐在台口，盘起双腿，将古琴平平架在大腿上。
自古便是这样盘腿抚琴的，她取的是最为标准的一种弹奏姿势。
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校高三英语第三次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure. It's our pleasure to confirm this year’s Category Winners.First Novel Award WinnerBook: Eleanor Oliphant is Completely FineAuthor: Gail HoneymanEleanor is 31 years old; work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday. Between, her only company will be two bottles of vodka and her own solitary, unique wit (机智). It is contentment, of a kind, but an unexpected shared experience suddenly opens the door to possibility. Challenging reader expectations with a living, breathing character, Gail Honeyman’s debut (初次登台、开张)is a funny and moving diamond.Biography Award WinnerBook: In the Days of RainAuthor: Rebecca StottThe Exclusive Brethren were aclosed community who believed the world is ruled by Satan. Into this is born Rebecca. Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister. As her father lay dying, he begged her to help him write the memoir. He wanted to tell the story of their family who for generations had all been members of a fundamentalist Christian sect.Poetry Award WinnerBook: Inside the WaveAuthor: Helen DunmoreTo be alive is to be inside the wave, always travelling until it breaks and is gone. These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead — the underworld and the human living world – and the acutely intense being of both.Children's Award WinnerBook:The ExplorerAuthor: Katherine Rundell, Hannah HornFour children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle, but for Fred and his friends it’s only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival. Brimming with adventure and a real command of character and incident, Rundell has few peers in superb children's fiction.1.What kind of life does Eleanor lead?A.boring and lonely.B.funny and touching.C.exciting and complex.D.ordinary and happy.2.Why did Rebecca Stott writeIn the Days of Rain?A.To introduce beliefs of the Exclusive Brethren.B.To help her father fulfill his last wish.CTo share the life of fundamentalist Christians.D.To pass on her family traditions.3.For a young adventurous soul, which book seems more appealing?A.Eleanor Oliphant is Completely FineB.In the Days of RainC.Inside the WaveD.The ExplorerBExperts are warning about the risks of extremely picky(挑剔的)eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors inBristolcared for the 17-year-old after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency(缺乏). Dr. Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.”The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to theBristolEyeHospitalbecause of progressive sight loss.He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight,” said Dr Denize Atan, “That means he can’t drive and would find it reallyarduousto read, watch TV or recognize faces.”Dr Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned , she advised, “It’s best not to be anxious about picky eating , andinstead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement(补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet,” she said, adding that too manycertain vitamins , including vitamin A, can be harmful ,“so you don’t want to overdo it.”4. What does Dr Denize Atan imply in paragraph 1?A. The diet of the boy is not balanced.B. Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins.C. Picky eating is common among teenagers.D. The cause of the boy’s disease is unknown.5. Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14?A. To improve his poor diet.B. To get some help to lose weight.C. To be treated for his discomfort.D. To slow down his progressive sight loss.6. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Important.B. Easy.C. Necessary.D. Difficult.7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Reasons why the boy is seriously ill.B.Suggestions for the boy’s family to care for him.C. Advice for parents worried about picky eating.D. Waysof taking in enough vitamins and minerals.CIt’s a little before8 a.m. when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side door at Chicago’s Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts. He walks down the hall toward the office to sign in. It’s the same routine he’s had as Jenner’s art teacher for nearly a quarter century. “It’s going to be a good day,” a colleague calls out. “It’s a good day.” They hug. It seems like a typical Friday. Except it’s not. After 23 years at Jenner Elementary, Schergen is retiring. Even on his last day, there are still art projects to finish.Schergen leaves behind a richlegacyat this school. He’s won grants (拨款) for art projects. He turned an empty classroom into a museum. He’s pushed his students to make art about their lives. And he was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in Chicago. But it wasn’t always easy. For years, Schergentaught in one of the city’s toughest neighborhoods. “When I first got my room, I noticed there were bullet holes in the window. That made me nervous,” he says. So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of funny”. “I didn’t even tell my wife for a whole year,” he says. “I didn’t want her to know.”With one hour to go, Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the floor. He cleans out the sink for the last time. Fifth-grader Deontae Barnes, one of his best helpers, has watched him say goodbye all day. He wanders in the doorway. “Ah, come here, son,” Schergen says, signaling him over. He bends down for a hug. “Thank you for making these last days special and being a help to me.”When Deontae leaves, a reporter asks Schergen: When your kids ask why you’re retiring, what do you tell them? “I just tell them that grown people have dreams too,” he says. “I have other things in my life I have to do. It’s time. It’s just time.”8. Why is it a special Friday for Schergen?A. He was retiring on that day.B. He won an honor for his school.C. He was interviewed by a reporter.D. He received a Golden Apple award.9. What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Art projects.B. Great achievements.C. Respect from students.D. Change in teaching.10. What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school?A. Safety concerns in the school.B. The poorly-equipped classroom.C. Being misunderstood by his family.D. Students’ poor academic performance.11. What is the best title for the text?A.A Typical Day for an Art TeacherB. Time for Art ProjectsC. A Teacher’s Final Day at SchoolD. The Last Art ClassDIf our kids don’t fall, they don’t learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and it’d slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she’d forgotten me.Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight-A student ready to startcollege applications, being late wasn’t an option (选择). In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom. I told her she was ruining my future and everything I’d worked for. But sheheld her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.My mom didn’t rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic. Falling down makes us better because we learn how to get up.12. What is one of the reasons that the author got angry that day?A. She was tired.B. She failed in a test.C. She was late for school.D. She had to walk home by herself.13. How does the author feel about her childhood experience?A. Terrible.B. Meaningful.C. Embarrassing.D. Colorful.14. The underlined phrase “held her ground” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.A. gave in to meB. said yes to meC. stayed in the placeD. kept to her idea15. What is the best title for the text?A. My Way of GrowingB. The Value of FailureC. My Love for MotherD. Failure in My Life第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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南师附中江宁分校第三次单元检测 光合作用和生物固氮命题：高树春一、选择题：本题包括25小题。
每小题2分，共52分。
每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。
1 •下列过程能使ADP 含量增加的是A •消化道内蛋白质的消化B •线粒体内的［H ］与02结合C .叶绿体中的叶绿素 a 失去电子D •细胞分裂时纺锤丝的收缩2 •下列有关根瘤菌及其生物固氮方面的叙述，正确的是A •制备根瘤菌DNA 时需用纤维素酶处理细胞壁B •根瘤菌的固氮基因编码区含有内含子和外显子C •大豆种子用其破碎的根瘤拌种，不能提高固氮量D .根瘤菌固氮量与其侵人植物的生长状况有关3 •在新开垦的土地上，种植用蚕豆根瘤菌拌种的豇豆、菜豆、大豆和小麦，能提高其产量的一组作物是A •菜豆和豇豆B •豇豆和小麦C •菜豆和大豆D •大豆和豇豆4•下图表示在适宜的温度、水分和C02条件下，两种植物光合作用强度的变化情况。
下列说法错误的是A •当光照强度增加到一定程度时，光合作用强度不再增加，即达 到饱和B •C 3植物比C 4植物光合作用强度更容易达到饱和 C . C 4植物比C 4植物光能利用率高D .水稻是阴生植物，玉米是阳生植物5•为确定生物固氮的最终产物，做了如下两个实验：（1）把固氮菌培养在含…N 。
的空气中,细菌固定氮素，短期内细菌中出现大量含… N 的谷氨酸。
⑵把细菌培养在含有…NH 。
的培养基中，固氮能力立刻停止，但吸人的氨态氮迅速转入谷氨酸中。
由此可以推断； 该微生物固氮的最终产物是A. NH3 B . NOz C . NO 。
D .谷氨酸6•下图是一晴朗夏日某植物光合作用强度随时间变化的曲线图,胞内的C3、C 5、ATP 和［H ］的含量发生的变化 依次是7 •下列对于固氮微生物的描述正确的是A •自生的圆褐固氮菌是生态系统中的生产者B •与蕨类满江红共生的固氮蓝藻属于生产者C •引起豆科植物根部长根瘤的细菌是分解者D •代谢类型为自养需氧型的固氮菌是消费者8 •光合作用过程中，能在叶绿体的类囊体薄膜上完成的能量转换过程是A •光能一电能一稳定的化学能B •光能一电能一活跃的化学能C •活跃的化学能一稳定的化学能D •光能一活跃的化学能一稳定的化学能A •升升升升B •降降降降C •降升升升D •升升降降尢金恨阳AX9 •下列关于白杨树光合作用曲线的说法正确的是C点与B点比较，叶肉细A .画虚线部分表示植物在光照强度大于 a 时，植物积累有机物B •光照强度小于 a 时，植物只进行呼吸作用C .整条曲线说明植物的光合作用强度随着光照强度的增强而逐渐增强D •整条曲线说明随着光照的增强，呼吸作用越来越弱 10•下列措施中，对于提高光合作用效率没有作用的是A •在苹果树周围地面上铺上反光膜B .向种植反季节蔬菜的温室内输入一定浓度的二氧化碳C .深层土壤；固体培养基D .表层土壤；含氮培养基 11、下列有关生物固氮的叙述错误的是（ ）A .大气中的氮必须经过生物固氮喜爱能被植物利用B .土壤中的反硝化细菌在氧气不足的条件下，讲硝酸盐转化为亚硝酸盐，并最终转化 为氮气。
C .根瘤菌在豆科植物的根外不能固氮D •圆褐固氮菌不仅有固氮能力，还能分泌生长素酶12、 在光合作用过程中，随着光能转化成电能，NADP ++2e+H + NADPH ，该反应式中电子的最终来源是（ ）A •特殊状态的叶绿素 a 分子B •吸收和传递光能的色素分子C .参与光反应的水分子D . ATP13、在环境相同的条件时，影响图中各组作物产量的高低主要因素是（）A. 光合作用时间B. 光合作用面积C. 光照强度D .必需矿质元素的供应14、植物的光合作用受温度（）和光照强度（）影响。
右图表明植物在三种不同光照强度下A.深层土壤；液体培养基 B .表层土壤；无氮培养基 C.深层土壤；固体培养基D.表层土壤；含氮培养基17.在适宜的温度、水和 CO 2条件下，分别测定强光和弱光时不同 植物的净光合作用量，如右图所示。
请据此判断，下列叙述Mtt rift rant消耗CO 2的情况。
请分析在-50和2030的温度范围内，光合作用的限制因素分别是（）-5C 〜0C20 C 〜30 C A . rT 和L 都是限制因素T 和L 都不是限制因素B . T 是限制因素，而L 不 是限制因素 T 不是限制因素，而 L 是限制因素 C . T 是限制因素，而L 不 是限制因素 T 是限制因素，而L 不 是限制因素 D .T 不是限制因素，而 L 是限制因素T 是限制因素，而L 不 是限制因素C . 02和C 5化合物D . 02、ATP 和 NADPH16、若想从土壤中分离出自生固氮菌，应选用哪层土壤以及选用何种培养基（ 15、连接光反应河岸反映的关键物质是（）A . 02 和 NADPHB . ATP 和 NADPH 禺誕斗复玉兴阳生開生不正确的A •该条件下，使植物吸收C02量增加或减少的主要生态因素B. 植物在强光下的净光合作用量一定比弱光下高C. 同等光照条件下，玉米比小麦的净光合作用量高D. 大多数农作物都是阳植物18•右图是光合作用过程中光能转换成电能的示意图，有关该图的叙述错误的是A •图中A的主要功能是吸收光能和B将光能转换成电能B •图中B的主要功能是吸收和传递能C .图中C、D代表传递电子的物质，E代表H20D .图中F代表NADPH , G代表NADP +19 •豆科植物与根瘤菌互利共生关系主要体现在A .豆科植物从根瘤菌获得含氮无机物，根瘤菌从豆科植物获得糖类B .豆科植物从根瘤菌获得含氮有机物，根瘤菌从豆科植物获得含氮无机物C.豆科植物从根瘤菌获得N2根瘤菌从豆科植物获得有机物D •豆科植物从根瘤菌获得NO 3，根瘤菌从豆科植物获得NH320. 科学家发现C4和C3植物光合作用的叶片中，合成淀粉等有机物的具体部位是A •前者只在维管束鞘细胞，后者只在叶肉细胞B •前者只在叶肉细胞；后者只在维管束鞘细胞C・前者在维管束鞘细胞和叶肉细胞；后者只在叶肉细胞D .前者只在维管束鞘细胞；后者在叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞21. 下列关于C3植物和C4植物的描述，不正确的是A . C3植物在光合作用暗反应阶段，固定一分子二氧化碳形成两分子三碳化合物B .玉米和甘蔗是常见的C4植物C. C3植物叶片的维管束鞘细胞不含叶绿体D . C4植物叶片的维管束鞘细胞含有正常的叶绿体22. 关于固氮生物的正确说法是A .固氮生物都是异养的B .固氮生物都是共生的C.固氮生物都是细菌或放线菌D.根瘤菌固定的氮素占生物固氮的绝大部分23. 经常松土能提高农作物的产量。
这是因为①增强植物的细胞呼吸，为矿质离子的吸收提供更多的能量②有利于分解者的活动，提高光合作用效率③有利于圆褐固氮菌的活动，增加土壤的肥力，促进植物果实的成熟④促进硝化细菌将氨态氮转化为硝态氮，提高氮肥的利用率⑤促进根系吸收有机肥料，实现物质和能量的多级利用A .①②④B .①②④⑤C.①②③④ D .①③④24 .在一般情况下，光照增强，光合作用增强，但在炎热的中午光照过强，叶片气孔关闭，光合作用反而降低，其主要原因是：A. 水的光解产生的M减少B. 光合磷酸化产生的ATP减少C. 暗反应中NADPH减少D. 暗反应中酶由于温度过高，活性下降，再加上气孔关闭，导致CO的固定减少25、在油菜上选取健壮且叶龄相似的叶片数片，用直径为1cm的打孔器避开叶脉，打下小圆片60片放入水中，采取措施将叶片内的空气逐出，代之以水，充满水的叶子圆片沉入水中。
把下沉的叶子圆片连同水放置在黑暗处备用。
取6只编号烧杯，各倒入20mL 凉开水，用玻璃管向3、4、5、6号烧杯内的凉开水各吹气数分钟，再向6只烧杯各放人叶圆片10片，分别置于不同光照和温度条件下，作如下表所示的处理：①向3、4、5、6号烧杯中的凉开水吹气，目的是增加水中的CO2含量；②叶圆片最先上浮的烧杯应是5号；③本实验证明了光合作用速率受光照强度、温度、C02含量等外界因素的影响；④实验中3号与5号烧杯比较，可说明光合作用速率受光照强度的影响A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②③④26、绿色植物在暗室中生长不会消耗的物质是A . ATPB .葡萄糖C . CO2D . O2二、不定项选择题27、下列在光反应阶段发生的是（ABD )A、NADP J NADPHB、ADP T ATPC、CO2T C6H12O6D、少数叶绿素激发的叶绿素a28、德国科学家恩格尔曼利用一极细小的光束，照在丝藻上，结果发现经细光束照射的叶绿体部位有大量的好氧性细菌聚集，在下列光合作用的叙述中，该实验能证明的有：A. 光合作用的过程是在叶绿体上进行的B. 光合作用的过程中有氧气释放出来C. 光合作用的过程中，二氧化碳是必需的原料D. 光合作用的过程需要光29、能使ADP+Pi+能量-：==：ATP反应式向右侧进行的过程是（BC）A、水分在植物体内的运输B、光反应C、有氧呼吸的第三阶段D、海带从海水中吸收碘30、在光照条件下，小麦叶肉细胞能形成ATP的场所是A .核糖体B .线粒体C .叶绿体基质D .细胞质基质31、经常松土能提高农作物的产量，其原因包括（）A •增强根细胞的呼吸作用，为吸收矿质离子提供更多的能量B .促进硝化细菌将氨态氨转化为硝态氮，提高氮肥的利用率C.有利于微生物分解腐殖质，提高光合作用效率D •促进根系吸收有机肥料，多级利用能量32、农业生产中有很多手段具有科学道理。
下列有关手段及对应的生物学原理叙述正确的是（）A .一年一熟改为一年二熟或两年三熟，延长光合作用时间B .栽培植株型为矮杆、叶小、叶厚并直立的作物新类型，增大光合面积C.移栽较大型作物时去除部分枝叶，降低植物的呼吸作用减少有机物消耗D .农田轮作减少病虫害发生、充分利用土壤矿质营养1 2345678910111213141516 17181920212223242526、不定项选择题272829303132三、非选择题：本题包括10小题，共80分。
33、(5分)右图是光合作用过程中形成 NADPH 和ATP 的图解，请 回答：(1) 虚线框部分表示叶绿体内 ________________ 结构。
(2) 光反应阶段， _______________ 变成强的氧化剂， _____________ 很强的还原剂。
(3) _____________ 和 _______________ 富含有活跃的化学能， 很容易分解并释放出能量，供暗反应阶段中合成有机物利用。
34、(4分)右图表示夏天光照强度与 C02吸收量的关系。
请分析回答: (1) ________________________________ 关于该图的下列说法正确的是 。