必修3 第四单元 第三讲 课时活页作业doc
人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT4 Section Ⅲ 练习含答案
SectionⅢUsing Language,Assessing Your Progress&Video Time课后·训练提升一、单词拼写.John stood out among the c and was chosen as chairman of the committee..It makes you read the next e to find out what’s going to happen in the novel..His sole m was to make her happy..She got into the car and started the m and set off for home.is one of the major sources of the Chinese culture..A fishing boat sank because of the r sea waves.skilfully guided the ship over the dangerous part of the sea..He made a c to pay the rent on time.1.万一她有个三长两短怎么办?anything should happen to her?2.这种化学变化能放出热和光。
by this chemical change.3.要是没有水,植物就无法生长。
water,no plant could grow.’t for4.作为保持健康的方式,没有什么比得上游泳。
swimming as a means of keeping fit.5.我必须做点什么去报答他的帮助。
.ALike many American people,I have a “bucket list”.It’s something along the lines of the “top-10-things-to-see-or-do-before-you-die” lists published on travel web sites.“Set foot on all seven continents” has always been on my list.This past February,after nearly six months of planning,I was fortunate to be able to knock off two—the most amazing being Antarctica,the other South America.I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere(半球)—and found a tour company online that was able to accommodate my needs.It is a costly adventure,especially when travelling solo,but the company put together a package for me that was perfect.The company not only got me to the continent,but allowed me the opportunity to set foot on it.Many tour companies will put you on a ship that sails through the area,weaving between islands and giving views of the shore.But to actually set foot on the continent is a rare and impressive treat.One of the tour leaders on our boat estimated that the total number of people who have actually set foot on this land—tourists,scientists and explorers—would only fill a very large football stadium.This is because tourism to Antarctica didn’t really exist until roughly 15 years ago and has only recently taken off in popularity.There are also rules and restrictions for visiting set up by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators.Take nothing away,and leave nothing behind.My plan was simple.Arrive in Ushuaia,Argentina,and get on the M/V Orlova,an ice-strengthened Russian ship,to spend 10 days exploring Antarctica.We saw paradise in a frozen form.No traffic noise,no pollution,no road rage—just clear skies,fresh air and undisturbed beauty for miles.Months later,I still wish I could be there sitting with the penguins,taking it all in,smile firmly frozen in place.1.When the author started his travel,what season was it in America?A.Spring.B.Summer.D.Winter.“I chose an optimal time to go—summer in the southern hemisphere...”可知,作者是在美国是冬季的时候出发的。
高中生物必修2 第四单元 第三讲 课时活页作业doc
[课时活页作业](限时30分钟满分100分)一、选择题(每小题5分，共60分)1．现代生物进化理论是在达尔文自然选择学说的基础上发展起来的。
现代生物进化理论对自然选择学说的完善和发展表现在()①突变和基因重组产生进化的原材料②种群是进化的单位③自然选择是通过生存斗争实现的④自然选择决定生物进化的方向⑤生物进化的实质是基因频率的改变⑥隔离导致物种形成⑦适者生存，不适者被淘汰A．②④⑤⑥⑦B．②③④⑥C．①②⑤⑥D．①②③⑤⑦解析：③④是现代生物进化理论对自然选择学说内容的继承。
⑦是自然选择学说的观点。
答案：C2．(2012·南京模拟)根据现代生物进化理论判断，下列叙述正确的是() A．环境改变使生物产生定向变异B．物种是生物进化的基本单位C．生物多样性是共同进化的结果D．隔离决定了生物进化的方向解析：生物的变异是不定向的，环境改变对生物进行定向选择。
种群是生物进化的基本单位。
自然选择决定了生物进化的方向。
答案：C3．(2012·合肥质检)1980年在安徽宣城建立了世界上第一个扬子鳄自然保护区，并于当年人工繁育出第一批幼鳄，成为人工饲养条件下繁殖成功的先例。
扬子鳄由80年代初的几百条增加到一万多条，该保护区扬子鳄数量上升一定会导致() A．种群基因库增大B．基因突变频率提高C．种群基因频率定向改变D．基因产生定向突变解析：一个种群全部个体所携带的全部基因的总和就是一个基因库。
扬子鳄种群在繁殖过程中，种群内个体在增多，致使基因库增大；随机交配的种群内，如不发生进化，基因频率一般是不变的；基因突变是不定向的，并且其频率不会随种群个体数量的变化而变化。
答案：A4．下列关于隔离的叙述正确的是()A．只有生殖隔离能阻止种群间的基因交流B．所有物种的形成都要经过长期的地理隔离C．长期的地理隔离必然导致生殖隔离D．种群基因库的差异是产生生殖隔离的根本原因解析：地理隔离和生殖隔离都可以阻止种群间的基因交流。
Unit4 Using Language 课时作业-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册
选择性必修三3 Unit4 Using Language第三课时作业一、完成单词默写并选词填空1.adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→v. 取得资格，有资格→ n.资格，条件；合格证书2.adj. 热情的；热心的→ adv.热心地；满腔热情地→ n. 热心；热忱；热情→ n.热心者；爱好者3.v.忍耐，忍受，持续→ n. 忍耐力；耐久力4.adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的→ adv. 合适地；正派地5.adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→ adv. 真诚地；诚实地6.n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→ vi. 坚持；孜孜以求7.vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→ adj. 下定决心的，坚决的→ n. 决议；解决；坚定8.adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→ adv. 残酷地→n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为9.adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的→ adv. 非常，极其；仔细，缜密；彻底10.adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→ adv. 幸运地1．Dottie hasn’t graduated from college, so she is not (qualify) for a surgeon.2．The audience cheered him (enthusiastic).3．I envy his (endure),perseverance and resolution shown in his work. 4．People dressed themselves (decent) and flocked to the square for the celebration.5．This lady was (genuine) surprised at what happened to her decent banjo.6．He has never stopped trying and showed great (persevere). 7．The lawyer’s advice led to the (resolve) of this difficult problem. 8．It was the most extreme example of (cruel) to animals I had ever seen.9．They discuss issues (thorough).10．(fortunately),I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.二、完成短语默写并选词填空1.turn down2.throw away3.hold on4.go from bad to worse5.set off1. to your dream and you will succeed.2.They are all great offers from large companies，and I couldn’t any of them.3.Under the new management things have .4.It was raining hard when we .5.You’d better not those books.三、课文语法填空Although not 1.________ (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2.________ (go) aboard the Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn't go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship was crushed and 3.________ (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship with only essential 4.________ (supply). The crew had to camp on ice, but with spring coming, 5.________ was dangerous to stay there.They then sailed to Elephant Island. Things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek for help. They were cold and hungry. To keep 6.________ his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories 7.________ (interrupt) by a sudden cold rush of air.Perce lost his patience 8. (gradual) but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank's concern. He thought he should be 9.________ (grate) to Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was theirresolve 10.________ filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!四、短文语法填空As a young man full of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackborow had long been 1. (dream) of decent adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 2. (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only3. (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home.It turned4. to be a tough journey. The ship got5. (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.6. the guidance of Sir Ernest, they7. (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo,8. kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine9. (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest's resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 10. adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined.五、阅读理解A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. Thejourney was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey，completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world's imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.1．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A．They were made last week.B．They showed undersea sceneries.C．They were found by a cameraman.D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.2．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A．Frank Hurley.B．Ernest Shackleton. C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.3．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research. C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.六、完形填空I suffered a serious head injury as a kid. It led to a constant(1)even in a special reading class. When I met my teacher, Jill Kinmont, for the first time, I felt(2)because I'd never known anyone who was(3). She was young but was ina wheelchair. She(4)during a race as a skier and injured her spinal cord(脊椎). She never acted like she felt(5)for herself. Instead, she(6)at us at the beginning of every class.She taught us(7)through reading cards, spelling lessons and writing practices. I was a slow reader, but she showed me it was okay to take my(8). I remember the day when I was ready to(9). To other teachers, spelling the word "furniture" might be a(10)thing, but my teacher treated it as a great(11). "You did it, Sandy!" she smiled. "You spelled a difficult word and(12)the tests. Now you can return to a regular classroom!"She(13) a ten-year-old girl who was hardly able to read and write and changed her world forever. Looking back, I wish I'd thanked her for making such a big(14)in my life. I'll always remember what she(15)me: with patience and love, no mountain is too high to climb.1. A. joy B. advance C. struggle D. danger2. A. shocked B. excited C. worried D. stressed3. A. flexible B. selfless C. determined D. disabled4. A. fell B. won C. quit D. escaped5. A. responsible B. secure C. sorry D. confident6. A. smiled B. looked C. shouted D. laughed7. A. generously B. eagerly C. anxiously D.patiently8. A. advice B. time C. place D. course9. A. begin B. change C. leave D. stay10. A. small B. tough C. serious D. personal11. A. reflection B. judgment C. shadow D. achievement12. A. respected B. passed C. missed D. valued13. A. saved B. met C. reminded D. harmed14. A. decision B. choice C. difference D. treatment15. A. bought B. taught C. warned D. tricked11.qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v. 取得资格，有资格→ qualification n.资格，条件；合格证书12.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→ enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地→ enthusiasm n. 热心；热忱；热情→enthusiast n.热心者；爱好者13.endure v.忍耐，忍受，持续→endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力14.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的→decently adv. 合适地；正派地15.genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地16.perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求17.resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→resolvedadj. 下定决心的，坚决的→resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定18.cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv. 残酷地→cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为19.thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv. 非常，极其；仔细，缜密；彻底20.unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv. 幸运地1.qualified2.enthusiastically3.endurance4.decently5.genuinely6.perseverance7.resolution8.cruelty9.thoroughly 10.Unfortunately二、1.拒绝； 2.扔掉，丢弃 3.固定；停住；坚持住；(电话用语)别挂断4.每况愈下；越来越糟出发；引起；动身；使爆炸【答案】1.Hold on2.turn down3.gone from bad to worse4.se off5.throw away三、课文语法填空1．allowed 2.to go 3.sank 4.supplies 5.it 6.up7.were interrupted8.gradually9.grateful10.that四、短文语法填空1.【答案】1.dreaming2.secretly3.to be found4.out5.stuck6.Under7.threw8.which9.encouragement10.the【解析】1.分析句子可知，此处表示Perce Blackborow一直梦想着有一次像样的历险，应用过去完成进行时。
人教活页 必修3
爪子和牙齿。比喻得力的助手。 古义： _______________________________________________ 今义：坏人的党羽、帮凶。 (7)非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托 者 ．．
寄身、托身、容身。 古义： ________________________________________________ 今义：托付；把感情、理想、希望等放在某人身上或某种事物上。 (8)蟹六跪 而二螯 ． 文中指蟹腿。 古义： _________________________________________________ 今义：双膝弯曲，使一个或两个膝盖着地。
必修 3 ——《寡人之于国也》、《劝学》、《过秦论》、《师说》
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
《劝学》 (8)君子博学而日参省 乎己： ___________________________ 验、检查；省察 ．．
磨刀石 (9)金就砺 则利： ______________________________________ ．
《师说》 (13)古之学者 必有师 ．． 古义： _____________________________________________ 泛指求学的人，读书人。 今义：指在学术上有一定成就的人。 (14)小学 而大遗 ．．
小的方面学习。 古义： _____________________________________________
(10)故不积跬步 ：古代半步____________________ ,跨两脚为“步” ．． 《过秦论》 (11)于是秦人拱手 而取西河之外：两手合抱，形容毫不费力 ________________________ ．．
必修3第四单元第三讲课时活页作业doc.
[课时活页作业](限时30分钟满分100分)一、选择题(每小题5分，共50分)1．建国以来，我国政府共组织进行了六次人口普查，关于我国人口增长对生态环境影响的叙述中，错误的是() A．人均耕地面积减少B．环境污染治理的难度增加C．淡水资源的危机将日趋严重D．促进了人与环境和谐发展解析：人口增长过快会破坏人与环境的和谐发展。
答案：D2．(2012·徐州质检)有关生物多样性叙述错误的是() A．生物多样性包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性B．建立自然保护区和进行迁地保护是保护生物多样性的有效方法C．生物多样性保护就是要保护所有的野生动物和所有的野生植物D．保护生物多样性需要现代科学技术解析：生物多样性的保护是保护基因多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性；建立自然保护区是对生物进行就地保护，其与迁地保护都是保护生物多样性的有效方法。
答案：C3．下列关于生态系统稳态与保护的描述中，错误的是()A．生物多样性是保持生态系统稳态的重要条件B．保护生物多样性，关键是协调好人与生态环境的关系C．保护大熊猫的根本措施是建立自然保护区，提高环境容纳量D．在草原生态系统中，生物群落与无机环境之间不存在负反馈调节解析：生物多样性越高，生态系统的自我调节能力就越强，稳定性就越高；生物多样性受到威胁，与人类的活动有明显的关系，因此保护生物多样性，关键是协调好人与生态环境的关系；在任何生态系统中都存在负反馈调节，负反馈调节是生态系统自我调节能力的基础。
答案：D4．下列措施中符合生态学原理的是() A．只要保护好生态系统的多样性，就可以全面实现生物多样性的保护B．设法提高以虫治虫、以菌治虫的效率，尽量减少甚至不使用有害农药C．为控制外来物种入侵造成的严重灾害，也应将其天敌共同引入D．人类可以改造环境，从而使人口数量超越环境容纳量，以缓解人口压力解析：应从基因、物种和生态系统三个水平上实现生物多样性的保护；控制外来物种入侵不能盲目引入其天敌，引种不当会造成新的生态灾难；人口数量超越环境容纳量会对环境造成较大的压力，甚至引起环境的恶化。
高中英语人教版必修3课时作业：Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 13含答案
课时作业(十三) Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsSection ⅠWarming Up & Reading－PrereadingⅠ.阅读理解AYou'd like to employ a person to help take your business to the next level, but you may find that there are a large number of employment websites on the Internet. Which one is your best choice? Here are four websites (in no particular order) that can help you get into a pool of job applicants (申请人)．LinkedInAs you probably already know, LinkedIn is a site where job applicants post resumes (简历) and exchange ideas. The site has more than 135 million members, many of whom may be looking for a new position. The cost to post a job opening on LinkedIn depends on the geographic location of the position. For example, in the Greater Pittsburgh area, a 30day job posting costs $195.CraigslistCraigslist isn't just a place for finding an apartment or selling your old couch. The website has an area devoted to employment in big cities. Employers can post jobs to find suitable employees. Posting in some markets is free, but in others, it costs $25 to $75.MonsterFounded in 1994, Monster has grown to one of the most popular employment websites. It offers pages of advice about career management and employment searches. Monster also provides apps for mobile phones, making it more convenient for people to post their job openings. Job postings on Monster cost from $210 to $395.JobsterJobster users can create interesting online profiles (简介) containing information about employment and educational history. The site uses an active method in which employers can contact interested applicants. Employers can post as many jobs as they want for only $75 per month.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了四个可靠的招聘网站。
中华活页文选试卷必修3,4人教版参考答案
人教版必修三参考答案第一单元检测1.C(A伺cì怯qiâ；B谬miù忖cǔn；D戳chuō烙luò)2.D(A文采；B盛装丽服；C寒暄)3.D（朝思暮想：朝,早晨；暮，晚上。
从早到晚思念不已。
多用于男女恋情。
）4.B（A“是一条南北宽夹道”换了主语；C关联词位置不当，“虽然脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的”；D错误不在“在水里”一词，它起强调作用，不可以省去；关联词使用不当，“虽然”改成“即使”表意就更准确了。
）5.B（贾宝玉）6.A（解析：B项“引去：退去”；C项“莫对：不能回答”；D项“寻：不久”。
）7.C（解析：句①“明月”指“卢明月”所以此句讲的不是秦琼所为。
⑤句虽然能够表明秦琼英勇善战，但“在介休击退宋金刚”是秦琼跟随高祖时立下的战功，并不是跟随张须陀。
①⑤两句都不符合题干要求。
用排除法即可选出答案C。
）8.C（解析：A项，赏赐给他黄金瓶，慰劳他的是高祖李渊而不是王世充。
B项，推测“撤兵时敌兵会倾巢追击，此时是偷袭敌营的良机”的是“张须陀”，并不是“秦琼”。
D项，“李密中箭落马身亡”错，文中“滨死”指接近（几乎）死亡。
C项推断的与原文“须陀死，率残兵附裴仁基”相符，所以C项正确。
）9.仁基投降了李密，李密得到叔宝后很高兴，将他封为帐内骠骑，待他很好。
10.你不体恤妻室儿女而来归降我，并且又立功，如果我的肉可以吃，定当割下来给你吃，何况是子女玉帛（这些身外之物）？11.(5分)杨朱过于宋东之逆旅/有妾二人/其恶者贵/美者贱/杨子问其故/逆旅之父答曰/美者自美/吾不知其美也/恶者自恶/吾不知其恶也/杨子谓弟子曰12.（10分）（1）（2分）（五言）律诗、送别诗（2）（3分）C（映衬手法的运用，暗示离情，渲染了离情，不是正面直接抒写离情）（3）（5分）“隐”字在诗中是“隐没（于）”之意，写出高高的树阴遮住了西沉的明月；“没”字在诗中是“淹没（于）”之意，写出了银河淹没在破晓的曙光中，衬托出诗人感受时光催人离别与难舍难分的心绪。
高中政治必修3课时作业4：3.1 世界文化的多样性练习题
基础自测知识点一民族节日和文化遗产1．每年的五月初五是中华民族的重要传统节日——端午节。
2014年围绕端午节，各地举办了一系列丰富多彩的民俗文化活动。
关于民族节日的说法正确的是()①民族节日是一个民族历史文化的长期积淀②民族节日是一个民族历史文化成就的重要标志③只有民族节日可以展现世界文化的多样性④庆祝民族节日是民族文化的集中展示A．①③④B．①②④C．①④D．②④答案 C解析文化遗产是一个民族历史文化成就的重要标志，②不选；民族节日和文化遗产是世界文化多样性的重要体现，③错误。
①④是对民族节日的正确阐述，故选C。
2．中国和韩国都在农历新年这一天过春节，但两国的标志性习俗各不相同。
中国是对联、爆竹、饺子，韩国是祭拜祖先、米糕汤。
这表明()①文化具有多样性②庆祝民族节日是民族文化的集中展示③各国都重视对非物质文化遗产的保护④文化包括精神活动及其产品A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④答案 A解析中韩两国春节文化各具特色，这表明文化具有多样性，庆祝民族节日是民族文化的集中展示，故①②符合题意；③④在材料中未体现，故选A项。
3．每到春节，我们贴对联、拜年、吃饺子；提起西方的圣诞节，我们会想到圣诞老人，想到圣诞树下亲朋好友互换礼物的美好场景；说起巴西的狂欢节，我们又会联想到狂欢的人群、鲜艳的服装、奔放的舞蹈……由此可见()①民族节日是民族文化的集中展示②世界文化具有多样性和丰富性③透过传统节日及习俗，我们可以领略不同民族文化的韵味④各民族传统节日形式不同，但表达的情感和体现的风土人情相同A．①②④B．①③④C．②③④D．①②③答案 D解析各民族传统节日形式不同，表达的情感和体现的风土人情也各不相同，通过各异的民族节日，可以领略世界文化的不同韵味，故①②③符合题意；④说法错误，故选D项。
4．随着中国传统桑蚕丝织技艺、宣纸传统制作技艺、侗族大歌、中国书法、中国篆刻、中国剪纸、端午节等22个项目成功入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，我国成为世界上拥有联合国教科文组织“非遗名录”项目最多的国家。
人教版高中英语必修第三册UNIT 4 Period 3课时作业含答案
UNIT 4Period Three基础练Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch). 2．We came home after our holiday, only ________ (find) our house stolen.3．The airport ____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 4．________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March. 5．Tu Youyou became the first Chinese scientist ________ (win) the Nobel Prize in Medicine. 6．Women and children were the first _______ (get) into the lifeboats.【答案】1．to catch2．to find3．to be completed4．To save5．to win6．to get Ⅱ．短语填空stay healthy，so as to，under control，can’t wait to, figure out，give up 1．Have you____________ why she didn’t invite you to her birthday party?2．Doctors examine their patients thoroughly ____________ make a correct diagnosis. 3．The driver tried to keep the car________, but he failed and it crashed into a tree.4．We cannot work all the time if we are going to__________ and enjoy life.5．The doctor told him to ____________ smoking for the sake of his health.6．We ____________ share what we have learned with you!【答案】1．figured out2．so as to3．under control4．stay healthy5．give up6．can’t wait toⅢ．对话填空J＝Jennifer A＝AronA: I have something good 1. ________ (tell) you, Jennifer.J: What’s it?A: After trying my best, I get a chance 2. __________ (have) a ten-day paid leave!J: Wow! How I envy you! Do you have any plans?A: Paris is a good place 3. __________ (go) sightseeing.J: You can take the chance 4. __________ (travel) around Europe. After traveling to France,you can have a tour of Switzerland by train.A: It’s a good idea, but I think the best way 5. __________ (get) there is by plane.【答案】1．to tell2．to have3．to go4．to travel5．to get提升练Ⅰ．语法填空(2023河北承德高一下学期期末)The three astronauts, 1. ________ played a key role in completing the Tiangong space station, shared their experiences and feelings with 2. ________ public on Friday in the first news conference after their orbital journey.3. ________ (speak) at the meeting with reporters, the mission commander Chen Dong said that every day they4. ________ (arrange) for a lot of work by the authority to prepare for and monitor the5. ________ (arrive) of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules(舱), and conducting a science lecture for students.Chen recalled that he and his teammates met their fellow astronauts in the Shenzhou XV flight inside the Tiangong station. “We had paid much attention 6. ________ the news about the Shenzhou XV mission and the astronauts several days before they set out. When their spacecraft was 7. ________ (actual) launched, we were watching the live broadcast and we were so happy that we kept clapping our 8. ________ (hand) for a long time. ”In the hours before their spacecraft arrived at the station, Chen and his teammates were supposed to have a sleep but none of them really went to bed because they were too 9. ________ (excite) to feel sleepy. The moment Chen was about 10. ________ (open) the hatch(舱门) after their spacecraft connected with the space station, he saw them through the window and he waved his hand to welcome them back. It was the first time that six Chinese had been in a space station at the same time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了天宫空间站的三名宇航员召开了新闻发布会，指令长陈冬回忆了他们在空间站的日常工作以及神州十五号飞船与空间站接轨的过程。
必修3 第四单元 第一讲 课时活页作业doc
[课时活页作业](限时30分钟满分100分)一、选择题(每小题5分，共60分)1．下列有关生态系统结构的叙述，正确的是()A．每种生物在生态系统中只能处在一个营养级上B．动物都属于消费者，其中食草动物处于第二营养级C．自养生物都是生产者，是生态系统的主要成分D．细菌都属于分解者，其异化作用类型有需氧型和厌氧型两类解析：动物可作为消费者和分解者，细菌可作为生产者、消费者和分解者。
生产者都是自养生物。
答案：C2．(2019·豫南九校联考)根据下图下列说法正确的是()A．图示的各种成分在生态学上可以构成一个生态系统B．图示的各种成分在生态学上可以构成一个生物群落C．细菌与蝉之间的关系属于竞争D．蛇属于三级消费者解析：图中既有生产者、消费者、分解者，又有光、CO2、H2O、N2等组成的无机环境，它们共同构成了一个生态系统。
答案：A3．在某草原生态系统能量流动过程中，假设羊摄入的能量为n，羊粪便中的能量为36%n，呼吸作用散失的能量为48%n，则() A．羊同化的能量为64%nB．贮存在羊体内的能量为52%nC．由羊流向分解者的能量为16%nD．由羊流向下一营养级的能量为64%n解析：生态系统某营养级生物摄入的能量＝同化的总能量＋没有吸收利用的能量(存在于该动物粪便、食物残渣等中的能量)；生物同化的能量＝呼吸消耗的能量＋流入下一营养级生物的能量＋流向分解者的能量。
答案：A4.(2019·广东六校联考)右图为生态系统能量流动的部分图解，①代表一定的能量值。
下列相关叙述中，正确的是()A．生态系统的能量流动是循环进行的B．能量在沿食物链流动时逐级递减C．次级消费者属于第二营养级D．图中①代表呼吸作用所消耗的能量解析：生态系统能量流动是单向的、逐级递减的；次级消费者属于第三营养级；图中①代表流向分解者的能量。
答案：B5．下图表示某生态系统的能量锥体图，P为生产者，Q1为初级消费者，Q2为次级消费者。
人教版高中英语必修第三册UNIT 4课时作业含答案
UNIT 4SPACE EXPLORATION(满分：100分建议用时：90分钟)第一部分语言知识(15分)第一节单句语法填空(10分)1．A plane crashed on the sea and all 269 people ________ board the plane were killed.2．Jack is the only student ________ (have) a car of his own in our class.3．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ (like) collecting data about satellites.4．He launched the campaign ________ (succeed), as had been expected.5．________ (determine) to keep up with others, the girl is working hard.6．Hand ________ (signal) made by the policeman show the passers-by which way they will return.7．One by one, the applicants left the agency with ________ (disappoint) looks on their faces.8．Stress and tiredness often result in a lack ________ concentration.9．At that time, mankind survived on a very ________ (limit) diet.10．We ran ________ of the coal, and we had to burn wood to warm us.【答案】1．on2．to have3．likes4．successfully5．Determined6．signals7．disappointed8．of9．limited10．out第二节选词填空(5分)11．Both sides have agreed to meet，________________ arriving at a compromise.12．Today, we’re going to ________________ the question of homeless people.13．Good habits always ________________ high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite.14．The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others ________________.15．Can the human race ________________ expanding and growing the same way that it is now?【答案】11．in the hope of12．focus on13．lead to14．on board15．carry on 第二部分阅读(30分)第一节阅读理解(20分)AInstant Expert: Wonders of SpaceSaturday 17th July，10 a. m. — 5 p. m. | Cavendish Conference Centre, LondonJoin us for a day of exploring the wonders of outer space with six leading scientists. You will start where everything began, at the Big Bang. Throughout the day, you will hear about everything from the exploration to find life on Mars to the discovery of liveable planets outside our solar system.Who should attend?Anyone interested in the mysteries of space, whatever your age or background. Whether you’re a scientist, a student or simply an attracted human being, our event offers the chance to learn directly from the experts at our one-day masterclass.Benefits of attending：·Open your mind and be inspired.·Talk with like-minded people through informal set-up.·Meet our six speakers and ask your burning questions.What’s included in your ticket：·In-depth and interesting talks from six leading scientists.·Buffet lunch, plus morning and afternoon drinks and snacks.·An Instant Expert certificate provided by event organizers.Booking information：We will email you your ticket immediately after purchase. Please remember to bring your ticket with you as you’ll need it to gain entry. We can scan tickets from a printout, or off the screen of a phone.A limited number of discounted early bird tickets priced at ￡129 will be offered, saving ￡20．These tickets can be bought by clicking the following green “Buy” button if still available.()16．Who is the event intended for?A．Science students. B．Space fans.C．Leading scientists. D．Research experts.()17．What can participants expect from the event?A．Free meals throughout the day. B．Certificates from famous schools.C．Gatherings with event organizers. D．Face-to-face meetings with scientists.()18．What should people do if they want to save money?A．Buy tickets quickly. B．Choose digital tickets.C．Reserve tickets online. D．Print tickets in advance.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。
人教英语必修3新课标Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsSectionⅢ课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解AHas been a dream for 30 years but now the world’s first flying car is set to hit the roads this year.Ever since the “Back to the Future”movies lit up our screens in the 1980s，designers have dreamt of cars that could take to the sky at the push of a button.And now pilots can order their own “roadable”plane for just ￡127，000.The plane，which has fold-out wings that span(翼展)17.5 ft，can be up to 115 mph.Back on the land，it can also travel at “highway speeds”in car mode.Fuelling the 19 ft long plane couldn’t be simpler—you just drive it into a petrol station and fill it up.A spokeswoman said，“You can keep you ‘lightsport airplane’ in your garage.But because it needs a short runway to take to the air，you will have to drive to your local airport，fly up to 460 miles，land and drive directly to your destination.You will always be ready to drive or fly.”The spokeswoman added，“Never let bad weather change your trip.You can simply divert(改道)and continue on the ground until the weather clears.”There’s no risk to you—This is only the chance for you to be the first at your home field to unfold your wings and fly into the future.【解题导语】本文介绍了一种新的飞机。
高中政治 第四单元4123 第三框 价值的创造与实现活页
第三框价值的创造与实现【考查清单】考查知识点对应题号启发基础题能力题在劳动和奉献中创造价值1、4 6个人与社会的统一 2 5、9在砥砺自我中走向成功 3 7、8A级基础达标1．马克思说：“我们的生产同样是反映我们本质的镜子。
”这句话直接表明 ( )。
A．劳动着的人是幸福的B．人只有在劳动中才能创造价值C．人的本质力量是在劳动中表现出来的D．劳动促进人的全面发展解析本题考查学生对劳动是人的存在方式的理解。
劳动是一种“对象化”的活动，也就是说，人在劳动中把自己内在的智力、情感、意志等本质力量表现出来，使之成为外在“可见”的。
没有劳动，这些内在的本质力量就无法表现，人也就无法理解自己和肯定自己。
答案 C2．易卜生在给朋友的信中说：“你要想有益于社会，最好的办法莫如把你自己这块材料铸造成器。
”这表明 ( )。
①人生价值的实现必须有良好的社会环境②人生价值的实现有赖于人自身素质的全面提高③要实现社会价值最好先实现自我价值④人的自我价值和社会价值是统一的A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④解析本题考查学生对人生价值的内容和实现条件的理解。
①不准确，良好的社会条件是实现人生价值的有利条件，但也有很多人在艰苦的社会环境中实现人生价值。
③不正确，它割裂了自我价值与社会价值的统一。
答案 D3．一位教育家曾经指出：在每一位教师身上，都有一种创造性的“思想火花，它能熊熊燃烧起来，而在一些人身上，却是奄奄一息，就要熄灭了”。
上述材料说明 ( )。
①实现人生价值必须具备一定的客观条件②实现人生价值需要自己的主观努力③具备了主观条件就能实现人生价值④人生价值的实现离不开努力奋斗A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④解析本题考查学生对实现人生价值的主观条件的理解。
①不是本题想要表达的内容。
③不正确，实现人生价值同样要具备一定的客观条件。
答案 D4．2011年1月14日，2010年度国家科学技术奖励大会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。
2021年高一人教版英语必修三课时作业：Unit4Astronomythescienceofthes
2021年高一人教版英语必修三课时作业：Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars（3）含答案I．语法 (60分)1. was regarded as impossible has now bee a reality.A. WhatB. ItC. ThatD. Whoever2. They lost their way in the forest, and made matters worse was that nightbegan to fall.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which3. It is a rule in his family that es home earlier should cook the dinner for thefamily.A. anybodyB. whoC. those whoD.whoever4. e into leaves or bloom is obviously a sign of spring.A. TreesB. The treesC. That treesD. Whattrees5. In some countries, are called "public schools", are not owned by the state.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what6. Professor Lee's book will show you ________can be used in other fields.A. that you have observedB. how that you have observedC. how you have observedD. how what you have observed7. you can pass the exam or not depends on yourself.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD.Whether8. Yang Liwei was trained for the travel is what I want to know.A. HowB. WhoC. ThatD. When9. will win the game has nothing to do with me.A. ThatB. AnyoneC. WhoD. When10. It is hoped you will have a chance to go abroad next month.A. thatB. whenC. howD. why11. It is you can't join in the evening party this weekend.A. a pity thatB. a shame howC. a pity whenD.whoever12.________the final exam will be given is still unknown.A. HoweverB. ThatC. WhyD. When13. Is it true ________the sun is shining. it rains here in summer.A. that howB. whenC. that even ifD. thatwhen14. Has it been reported ________the next manned spacecraft is to be launched.A. ifB. whichC. whatD. when15.________our hope________ the world is in peace for ever.A. This is; thatB. There is; whenC. That is; thatD. It is; thatⅡ．单词拼写(10分)16. To his parents' (失望), their son didn't pass the college examination.17. Through________(望远镜) ,you can watch changes in the moon clearly.18. He is the boss of the________(出版公司).19. The________ phone (移动电话)is used widely in the world.20. He said he saw a huge (彗星)last night, but I didn't believe it.Ⅲ．用适当的介词填空(10分)21. Good measures must be taken by the government to stop some panies harming the environment.22. There are a lot of ways make friends.23. At that time life was not known ________scientists.24. While in class, please fix your attention ________the book.25. I paid 300 yuan ________the coat.Ⅳ．单句改错(20分)26. Is it true when it rains tomorrow?27. He covered the TV set as a piece of cloth.28. Under his help, I finished the task in time.29. He tried his best to earn as many as 100 yuan a day.30. Father said he would e back as early as possible.31. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how32. The Foreign Minister said "_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is34520 86D8 蛘33096 8148 腈23720 5CA8 岨#7x/ ]29524 7354 獔27823 6CAF 沯JvO。
高中英语人教版必修3课时作业：Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 16含答案
课时作业(十六) Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsSection ⅣGrammar—主语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．What is more important in life is to have a great goal and the determination to achieve it.2．Why he failed in the exam is still a mystery and his parents want to find out the reason.3．It's known that knowledge is treasure and practice is the key to success.4．Happiness doesn't depend on who you are or what you have; it only depends on what you think of your life.5．When you are in love with a person, you will feel that you are the happiest person in the world.6．It's expected that you will spread love wherever you go.7．I'm not interested in what you have to do; I just need the result.8．Whether we will go sightseeing this weekend depends on the weather.9．What I wanted to find out first was how long it would take to finish the task.10．When they will have the sports meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to do.Ⅱ.阅读理解Your math teacher wears clothes made in 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with quick quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies and enjoy sports on weekends, just like you. So how can you get along well with your teachers?You can do lots of things to develop a good relationship with your teacher. First, do the obvious things: Show up in class on time with all tasks completed. Stay focused, be respectful and ask questions. Second, show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects, or they wouldn't have decided to teach them! Show the teacher that you care about the subject－even if you're not a math talent or fluent in French－and send t he message that you are a hardworkingstudent.You can also schedule a private meeting in a teacher's free time. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, ask for information about a career (职业) in the subject or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed when only facing you than when teaching in front of the whole class.What if you just don't like the teacher? When it comes to working with teachers, one's characteristics can come into play just as they can in any other relationships. People just naturally get along better with some people than with others; it's impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don't like is a good interpersonal (人际的) skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.Teachers are there for more than just homework; they know about more than their subject matters. They can help you learn how to behave as an adult and a lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you'll always remember－and who might change your life forever.【文章大意】在求学的过程中，作为学生我们每天都会和老师接触与交流，那么你知道如何与老师们相处吗？1．How can students develop a good relationship with their teachers?A．By learning as many subjects as possible.B．By respecting other students in class.C．By finishing their homework on time.D．By developing personal interests.解析：C 细节理解题。
高中英语(人教版,必修三)课时作业：Unit 4Period Three
Period Three Using LanguageⅠ.语境填词1．He looks scary(可怕的)，but he’s really a ________(温和的) giant.2．My dream is to become a ________(生物学家)．3．We could feel the earth’s ________(重力) everywhere.4．The moon is a ________ (卫星) of the earth.5．The changeable global ________(气候) is one of the hot topics.6．Every air ________(碰撞) is indeed a disaster.7．The audience ________(欢呼) him as he walked on the stage.8．Hawking is recognized as one of the world’s leading theoretical(理论的) ________(物理学家)．9．The tides depend on the ________(牵引力) of the moon.10．There was something ________(漂浮) near the bank of the river.Ⅱ.选词填空watch out，cheer up，break out，now that，block out1．The tall building in front ________________ the light.2．All of the audience ________________when they saw the famous film star.3．________________ you like the book so much，I’d like to give it to you as a present.4．Do you know when the World War Ⅱ________________？5．Do ________________ for some pocket pickers when you are traveling.Ⅲ.翻译句子1．As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.单项填空1．The doctor had almost lost hope at that point，but the patient finally________.A．pulled out B．pulled throughC．pulled up D．pulled down2．Going on a trip into ________space must be quite________exciting experience.A．/；the B．the；theC．the；an D．/；an3．—Can you give me a chair________？—Sorry，Jack has taken away my chair________it.A．to sit；repairing B．to sit；to repairC．to sit on；repairing D．to sit on；to repair4．—What’s the________like when you were in Shanghai that day?—It was sunny，and you know the________there is warm and wet all the year round.A．climate；weather B．weather；climateC．climate；climate D．weather；weather5．Since taxi fare in the city may run________twenty dollars，I suggest that you take a bus.A．as high as B．as expensive asC．so high as D．so expensive as6．News reports say peace talks between the two countries ________ with no agreement reached.A．have broken down B．have broken outC．have broken in D．have broken up7．________ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise ________ he would give each of us a small gift.A．As；which B．What；thatC．It；that D．It；which8．________you are interested in astronomy，you can read the book.A．Even if B．Now thatC．Unless D．As soon as9．—What happened to you just now，Daisy?—My key was missing.I had to________the door open.A．force B．keepC．break D．leave10．________the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A．Having searched B．To searchC．Searching D．SearchⅤ.阅读理解At first sight the planet Mars(火星) does not appear very welcoming to any kind of life.It has very little oxygen and water；the temperature at night is below 50 degrees and winds of 100 miles(161 kilometres) per hour cause severe dust storms.However，the surface of the planet seems to show that water flowed across it at some time in the past，and it is believed that there is enough ice at the poles to cover the planet with water if it melted，although there is no life on Mars now，some scientists think that there may have been some form of life a long time ago.At that time，the planet had active volcanoes(火山)；the atmosphere was thicker and warmer；and there was water.In fact，in some ways Mars may have been similar to Earth，where life exists.Some people believe that Mars could support life in the future if right conditions were produced.The first step would be to warm the planet using certain gases which trap the sun’s heat in the planet’s atmosphere.With warmth，water and carbon dioxide，simple plants could begin to grow.These plants could slowly make Mars fit to live on.It is judged that the whole process might take between 100,000 and 200,000 years.In the meantime，people could begin to live on the planet in special closed environments.They would provide a lot of useful information about conditions on Mars and the problems connected with living there.1．According to the passage，the planet Mars has no________on it.A．wind B．dustC．mountains D．animals2．It is believed that on Mars now________.A．there is a large amount of ice at the polesB．there is a thicker and warmer atmosphereC ．there are some kinds of simple plantsD ．there are so many active volcanoes3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A ．Certain gases should be used to warm Mars.B ．Plants should be grown to make Mars fit to live on.C ．Mars could support life on right conditions in the future.D ．People could live on Mars in special closed environments.4．The most suitable title for the passage is________.A ．No Life on MarsB ．Study of MarsC ．The Possibility of Life on MarsD ．The Future Conditions on Mars5．According to the text ，the possibility of living on Mars is________.A ．very smallB ．very bigC ．noD ．absoluteas...as...意为“像……一样……”，第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连词。
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[课时活页作业](限时30分钟满分100分)一、选择题(每小题5分，共50分)1．建国以来，我国政府共组织进行了六次人口普查，关于我国人口增长对生态环境影响的叙述中，错误的是() A．人均耕地面积减少B．环境污染治理的难度增加C．淡水资源的危机将日趋严重D．促进了人与环境和谐发展解析：人口增长过快会破坏人与环境的和谐发展。
答案：D2．(2019·徐州质检)有关生物多样性叙述错误的是() A．生物多样性包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性B．建立自然保护区和进行迁地保护是保护生物多样性的有效方法C．生物多样性保护就是要保护所有的野生动物和所有的野生植物D．保护生物多样性需要现代科学技术解析：生物多样性的保护是保护基因多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性；建立自然保护区是对生物进行就地保护，其与迁地保护都是保护生物多样性的有效方法。
答案：C3．下列关于生态系统稳态与保护的描述中，错误的是()A．生物多样性是保持生态系统稳态的重要条件B．保护生物多样性，关键是协调好人与生态环境的关系C．保护大熊猫的根本措施是建立自然保护区，提高环境容纳量D．在草原生态系统中，生物群落与无机环境之间不存在负反馈调节解析：生物多样性越高，生态系统的自我调节能力就越强，稳定性就越高；生物多样性受到威胁，与人类的活动有明显的关系，因此保护生物多样性，关键是协调好人与生态环境的关系；在任何生态系统中都存在负反馈调节，负反馈调节是生态系统自我调节能力的基础。
答案：D4．下列措施中符合生态学原理的是() A．只要保护好生态系统的多样性，就可以全面实现生物多样性的保护B．设法提高以虫治虫、以菌治虫的效率，尽量减少甚至不使用有害农药C．为控制外来物种入侵造成的严重灾害，也应将其天敌共同引入D．人类可以改造环境，从而使人口数量超越环境容纳量，以缓解人口压力解析：应从基因、物种和生态系统三个水平上实现生物多样性的保护；控制外来物种入侵不能盲目引入其天敌，引种不当会造成新的生态灾难；人口数量超越环境容纳量会对环境造成较大的压力，甚至引起环境的恶化。
答案：B5．人类活动会对生物多样性产生影响。
以下措施中，有利于保护生物多样性的是() A．大量引进外来物种，使当地生物群落中的物种更多样化B．禁止游人进入自然保护区的核心地区，让生物自然繁衍C．把沼泽地改造成农田，种植多种农作物，增加经济收入D．在亚热带林区大面积种植速生桉树，以增加林木生长量解析：大量引进外来物种到新地区，可能会因为其缺少天敌，大量繁殖对当地物种构成危害，造成外来物种入侵；也可能会因为不适应环境而被淘汰。
禁止游人进入自然保护区的核心地区，避免人类活动对保护区物种造成不良影响，让生物自然繁衍，有利于保护生物多样性。
沼泽地改造成农田，在亚热带林区大面积种植速生桉树，都属于人为地破坏生态系统的稳定性，破坏了生物多样性。
答案：B6．生态入侵是指由于人类有意或无意地把某种生物带入适宜它栖息和繁衍的地区后，其种群不断扩大，分布区域稳定扩展的现象。
例如，紫茎泽兰原产于墨西哥，解放前由缅甸、越南进入我国云南，并由此扩展到广西、贵州等地区，连接成片，成为当地的“害草”。
紫茎泽兰“入侵”到一个新环境的初期，可能会()①其种群数量在一段时间内呈“J”型增长②其种群数量增长不受天敌制约③其种群可能会威胁到新环境内的物种多样性④其种群会使生态系统的营养结构趋于复杂A．②③④B．①③④C．①②③D．①②④解析：外来物种入侵到新环境的初期，由于没有天敌，环境条件适宜，种群数量呈“J”型增长，与原环境中同一营养级生物进行竞争，而导致原有物种的生存受到威胁并被淘汰，从而减少当地的物种，破坏当地的生物多样性，使生态系统的营养结构趋于简单。
答案：C7．微山湖是山东境内的一个面积较大的湖泊，二十年前这里是碧波万顷、鱼儿满湖、野鸭成群，还有“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”的美丽景象。
二十年来，湖区四周县市的工业快速发展，城市居民急增，因而大量的工业废水、生活废水、垃圾涌入该湖。
湖水变得不仅很浑浊，而且腥臭难闻。
据有关专家说，近几年来，微山湖中已消失了一些物种，例如，四鼻孔鲤鱼、野鸭、水螅等，上述的现象说明的道理主要是() A．环境污染是破坏生物的多样性的重要原因B．掠夺式的开发是破坏生物多样性的主要原因C．外来物种入侵破坏了生物的多样性D．环境教育缺乏是破坏生物多样性的根本原因解析：抓住题干信息中湖泊的前后变化及经济发展变化，比较二者，不难发现环境污染的同时，生物种类减少，生物的减少，导致污染物净化的减慢，二者形成恶性循环，最终造成生物多样性的破坏。
答案：A8．梅托斯于1970年提出的一个“人口膨胀——自然资源耗竭——环境污染”模型(如右图)。
根据模型分析，人口激增不会导致发生的是()A．土地资源利用过度，因而不能继续加以使用，导致粮食产量下降B．自然资源因世界人口激增而发生严重枯竭，工业产品的产量也随之下降C．环境污染严重，进一步加速了作物的减产，人口大量死亡乃至停止增长D．人口膨胀、自然资源耗竭和环境污染呈现恶性循环，最后导致地球毁灭解析：虽然人口膨胀、自然资源耗竭和环境污染呈现恶性循环，但是由于人类可以认识自然，改造自然，地球不可能最终毁灭。
答案：D9．英国著名经济学家K·E·博尔丁把对自然界进行掠夺，破坏式开发利用的经济模式称为“牧童经济”，下列现象不是由“牧童经济”模式造成的是() A．沙尘暴频发B．火山爆发C．温室效应加剧D．湿地内物种减少解析：“牧童经济”模式是对自然界进行掠夺、破坏式开发利用的经济模式，是人类的行为对生态的破坏。
答案：B10．某同学设计了如下三个实验装置，在适宜的温度、光照条件下放置一段时间，可得到的结论是()①甲、乙对照可验证水体富营养化与水体中含大量的N、P等矿质元素有关②甲、丙对照可验证生活污水导致水体富营养化③乙、丙对照可验证生活污水中的有机质被微生物降解后，产生大量的N、P等矿质元素④甲、乙、丙对照可验证水体富营养化与水体中含大量的N、P等矿质元素有关，同理可推出②③正确。
甲、乙、丙对照可知，生活污水的排放是水体富营养化的唯一因素A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④解析：由图示信息可以看出，甲与乙、甲与丙、乙与丙的自变量分别为N、P等矿质元素，生活污水和污染物的种类，所以甲、乙对照可验证水体富营养化与水体中含大量的N、P等矿质元素有关，同理可推出②③正确。
甲、乙、丙对照，可知生活污水的排放和水体中含大量的N、P等矿质元素都是富营养化的因素。
答案：A二、非选择题(共50分)11．(16分)奶牛场每天排放大量的粪便、饲料残渣，如不处理会严重影响周边人、畜的饮水安全等。
下图是某奶牛场废水处理流程图，请回答：(1)输入此氧化塘的能量有______________。
氧化塘中的风车草、圆田螺、细菌等生物共同构成________。
(2)植物细胞吸收的磷酸根离子用于合成的生物大分子主要是________。
氧化塘后部的溶解氧含量比前部的________。
(3)废水流入厌氧池前，需经稀释处理，是为了防止______________________________。
(4)氧化塘后部种植莲等挺水植物，有利于减少出水口处水中的浮游藻类，原因是________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。
(5)控制废水流入氧化塘的速率，除有利于氧化塘中有机物被充分分解外，还有利于______________________，使出水口处的水质达到排放要求。
废水不能过量流入氧化塘，说明生态系统的_______________________________________________________________。
解析：(1)输入池塘的能量有光能和厌氧池中的未彻底分解产物中的化学能。
(2)植物细胞中含P的生物大分子主要是核酸。
因氧化塘前部微生物分解厌氧池输入的有机物而消耗溶解氧，在后部植物光合作用释放氧，故后部溶氧量较高。
(3)若废水中的有机物含量过高，则厌氧池中的微生物就会因渗透作用大量失水而死亡。
(4)挺水植物通过与藻类竞争矿质元素和光而有效地限制了藻类的生长。
(5)因生态系统具有一定的自我调节能力，故一次性注入氧化塘的废水不能过多，控制废水进入氧化塘的流速还可以使植物充分利用其中的矿质元素，使出水口的水质达标。
答案：(1)太阳能和化学能生物群落(2)核酸高(多)(3)微生物失水过多死亡(4)挺水植物起遮光作用，影响浮游藻类进行光合作用(5)无机盐被充分吸收自我调节能力有限12．(14分)(2019·嘉兴二模)由于经济发展和人口增长，污水排放量增加。
为解决嘉兴市区生活饮用水问题，某水厂建设了水源生态湿地。
下面为人工湿地群落组成简图，请据图回答问题：(1)湿地中芦苇、绿藻和黑藻等植物的分层配置，体现了群落的________结构。
(2)某化工厂违规排放大量污水，引起部分浮游动物死亡，进一步加重了污染，进而导致更多生物死亡，该过程属于________调节。
(3)在人工干预下，湿地物种逐渐丰富，这属于群落的________演替。
若没有人工干预，该湿地最终将发育成亚热带常绿阔叶林，这主要是由当地的____________________决定。
(4)在下图中，用箭头和必要的文字表示能量的流向。
浮游植物浮游动物细菌真菌解析：群落的垂直结构具有明显的分层现象。
环境污染引起生物死亡后，会加重环境污染，这属于正反馈调节。
答案：(1)垂直(2)正反馈(3)次生平均温度和年降水量(4)如下图所示13．(20分)(2019·济南一模)由于人类的活动，云南滇池多次在夏季出现由蓝藻爆发引起的水体富营养化，请回答下列问题：(1)滇池蓝藻爆发时湖面漂浮着一层绿膜，有人认为这是绿藻而不是蓝藻。
对此，可以通过显微镜观察细胞是否具有____________来判断。
如果比较滇池水体的pH，则早上比傍晚要________。
(2)夏季气温偏高是滇池蓝藻爆发的原因之一，从本质上看这是人为污染超过了滇池生态系统的________，而温度是通过影响细胞内________来影响蓝藻的生长的。
(3)环保部门怀疑某工厂是污染源之一，并对其排污口进行了检测。
检验员沿河顺流每隔100 m取水样一次，依次编号为①～⑨(已知⑤号水样正对工厂排水口)，对各水样进行了如下处理：首先，检测水样中的蓝藻数量(A组)；然后，滤除水样中全部蓝藻后，每份水样分为三等份，编号B、C、D，其中B、C组分别添加适量的N和P，D组不添加；再在各组中加入等量的蓝藻，放置在阳光下若干天，最后检测水样中蓝藻数量，统计数据如下表(蓝藻数量单位：百万细胞/mm3)。