Living_on_Mars解读
九年级英语下册Unit4LifeonMars讲义(新版)牛津版
Life on Mars（一）重难点精讲—How do you like life on Mars？—I hate it.句中How do you like...? 意为“你觉得……怎么样？”主要用来询问对方对某事的印象，也可以改为“What do you think of ...?”。
hate “讨厌、不喜欢”，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。
题一：翻译：1.—你到目前为止觉得中国怎么样？—目前为止，我觉得很好。
2.我不喜欢周一。
3.我不喜欢看电视，我喜欢阅读。
4.我喜欢游泳，但是不喜欢现在去。
hate 的同义词是________, 反义词是_________。
I thought you liked Mars. 我原以为你喜欢火星。
I thought ...“我原以为……”，是指过去曾有这样的想法，但事实却不是这样。
I think ...是指现在这样认为，往往与事实是相符的。
Help Daniel compare living on Mars to living to Earth at present.句中compare “比为、比作”，常与to连用，意为“比喻、把……比作”，有时也表示“将……同……作比较”。
题二：翻译：1.我认为他是个贼。
2.我还以为他是个贼呢。
3.我们把老师比喻成蜡烛。
4.生活经常被比喻成一盒巧克力。
We will be cared for by robots.我们将由机器人来照顾。
句中care for意为“照顾、照料”，相当于look aft er / take care of。
care for 还可表示“喜欢、愿意”。
题三：翻译：1.我在妈妈不在家的时候经常照顾我的小妹妹。
2.你想喝杯咖啡吗？Food will be in the form of pills.食物将是药丸的形状。
句中in the form of ...的意思是“呈现……形状，处于某种形式”，form意为“形状，形态”。
牛津译林版英语九下Unit 4《Life on Mars》(Reading B、C)教学设计
牛津译林版英语九下Unit 4《Life on Mars》（Reading B、C）教学设计一. 教材分析《Life on Mars》是一篇关于科学家对火星上是否存在生命的研究的文章。
文章介绍了火星探测的历史，火星的环境以及科学家对火星生命的探索。
通过阅读文章，学生可以了解火星探测的科学知识，同时提高阅读理解能力。
二. 学情分析学生在学习本课时已经掌握了基本的英语语法和词汇，具备一定的阅读理解能力。
但部分学生对科学知识了解不多，可能对文章中的专业术语感到困难。
因此，在教学过程中需要帮助学生理解文章内容，掌握相关科学词汇。
三. 教学目标1.了解火星探测的历史，火星的环境以及科学家对火星生命的探索。
2.提高阅读理解能力，能够理解并概括文章的主要内容。
3.掌握相关科学词汇和表达方式。
四. 教学重难点1.理解文章中的科学知识，特别是火星探测的专业术语。
2.运用阅读策略，概括文章的主要内容。
五. 教学方法采用任务型教学法，让学生在完成任务的过程中提高阅读理解能力。
同时，运用合作学习法，让学生分组讨论，共同解决问题。
此外，运用启发式教学法，引导学生思考和探讨，激发学生的学习兴趣。
六. 教学准备1.制作多媒体课件，展示火星探测的图片和视频。
2.准备相关科学词汇的卡片。
3.准备文章的阅读材料。
七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）利用多媒体课件，展示火星探测的图片和视频，引导学生关注火星，激发学生的学习兴趣。
同时，简要介绍火星探测的历史，为阅读文章做好铺垫。
2.呈现（10分钟）分发文章，让学生独立阅读。
在阅读过程中，鼓励学生遇到生词和难点时，借助文章下面的注释和词汇卡片进行理解。
教师巡视课堂，解答学生的疑问。
3.操练（10分钟）学生分组讨论，共同解答以下问题：a.What is the mn idea of the passage?b.Can you summarize the key points of the passage?c.What do you think about the possibility of life on Mars?教师参与讨论，引导学生运用文章中的信息进行回答。
火星上的生活指南英语
火星上的生活指南英语Living on Mars: A Guidebook.Orientation.Mars, the Red Planet, is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in our solar system. It is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere and a surfacethat is covered in craters, volcanoes, and canyons. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos.Humans have been fascinated with Mars for centuries. In the 19th century, astronomer Percival Lowell claimed to have seen canals on Mars, which led many people to believe that the planet was inhabited by intelligent beings. However, further exploration has shown that there are no canals on Mars and that the planet is not inhabited by any known life forms.Despite the lack of life on Mars, it is still afascinating planet that is worthy of exploration. Mars has a number of features that make it a potential candidate for human habitation. These features include its proximity to Earth, its relatively stable climate, and its abundance of water ice.Climate.Mars has a thin atmosphere that is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. The average temperature on Mars is -62 degrees Celsius (-80 degrees Fahrenheit). However, the temperature can vary greatly from day to night and from season to season. The summer temperature on Mars can reach up to 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit), while the winter temperature can drop to -153 degrees Celsius (-243 degrees Fahrenheit).Mars has a polar ice cap that is made up of water ice and carbon dioxide ice. The polar ice cap is about 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) thick and contains about 25% of the planet's water. Mars also has a number of glaciers and ice caps that are located in the planet's mid-latitudes.Water.Water is essential for life. Mars has a number of water resources that could be used to support human life. These resources include the polar ice caps, the glaciers, and the ice caps that are located in the planet's mid-latitudes.The polar ice caps are the largest water resource on Mars. The polar ice caps contain about 25% of the planet's water. However, the polar ice caps are located in the planet's polar regions, which are very cold and difficult to access.The glaciers and ice caps that are located in the planet's mid-latitudes are more accessible than the polar ice caps. However, these glaciers and ice caps are smaller than the polar ice caps and they contain less water.In addition to the polar ice caps and the glaciers, Mars also has a number of underground aquifers. These aquifers are located in the planet's crust and they containwater that is liquid or frozen.Atmosphere.Mars has a thin atmosphere that is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. The atmospheric pressure on Mars is about 1% of the atmospheric pressure on Earth. The thin atmosphereon Mars provides little protection from radiation and it does not trap heat very well.The thin atmosphere on Mars also makes it difficult to breathe. Humans would need to wear spacesuits or live in pressurized habitats in order to survive on Mars.Radiation.Mars is exposed to more radiation than Earth. This is because Mars has a thinner atmosphere and a weaker magnetic field than Earth. The radiation on Mars can damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer.Humans would need to be protected from the radiation onMars. This could be done by wearing spacesuits, living in pressurized habitats, or by using radiation shielding.Food.Humans would need to find a way to grow food on Mars. This could be done by using greenhouses or by using hydroponics. Greenhouses are enclosed structures that are used to grow plants in controlled environments. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in water that contains dissolved nutrients.Shelter.Humans would need to find a way to build shelters on Mars. These shelters would need to be able to protect humans from the radiation, the cold, and the dust. The shelters could be built using materials that are found on Mars, such as regolith and ice.Transportation.Humans would need to find a way to travel around on Mars. This could be done by using rovers, landers, or airplanes. Rovers are vehicles that are used to explore the surface of Mars. Landers are vehicles that are used to land on Mars. Airplanes are vehicles that are used to fly in the Martian atmosphere.Challenges.There are a number of challenges that would need to be overcome in order to live on Mars. These challenges include the thin atmosphere, the cold temperatures, the radiation, the lack of water, and the lack of food. However, these challenges are not insurmountable. With careful planning and technological development, it is possible to overcome these challenges and establish a human presence on Mars.中文回答：火星生活指南。
牛津译林版九年级下册Unit4《LifeonMars》说课稿2
牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 4《Life on Mars》说课稿2一. 教材分析《Life on Mars》是人教版牛津译林英语九年级下册的一篇阅读文章，主要介绍了科学家对火星上是否存在生命的探索和研究。
文章内容丰富，语言优美，难度适中，能够激发学生对科学的兴趣和探究欲望。
通过本篇文章的学习，学生可以进一步了解火星的相关知识，提高阅读理解能力，同时培养合作和探究的精神。
二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，对阅读理解也有一定的掌握。
但是，由于文章涉及到一些科学知识，学生可能对部分内容感到陌生。
因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的个体差异，充分调动学生的积极性，引导他们通过阅读和讨论来掌握文章内容。
三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握文章中涉及的主要词汇和短语，理解文章大意，了解火星的相关知识。
2.能力目标：学生能够运用所学词汇和短语进行口头和书面表达，提高阅读理解能力和合作探究能力。
3.情感目标：培养学生对科学的热爱和好奇心，增强环保意识。
四. 说教学重难点1.教学重点：学生能够掌握文章中涉及的主要词汇和短语，理解文章大意，了解火星的相关知识。
2.教学难点：学生能够运用所学词汇和短语进行口头和书面表达，提高阅读理解能力和合作探究能力。
五. 说教学方法与手段在本节课中，我将采用任务型教学法、合作学习法和探究学习法。
通过设计各种任务和活动，引导学生积极参与，提高他们的阅读理解能力和合作探究能力。
同时，利用多媒体教学手段，为学生提供丰富的教学资源，增强课堂趣味性。
六. 说教学过程1.Pre-reading：引导学生关注火星，激发学生对文章的兴趣。
2.While-reading：学生自主阅读文章，完成相关任务，教师给予指导。
3.Post-reading：学生进行讨论和表达，教师进行评价和反馈。
七. 说板书设计板书设计要简洁明了，突出文章主题。
可以设计一个火星的图案，周围列出文章中涉及的主要词汇和短语，方便学生复习和记忆。
九年级英语下册《Unit 1 Living on Mars Reading 1》教案 牛津版
Listen to teacher and answer the questions.
Familiar with today`s topic.
Step 2:Reading
1. Ask students to skim the passage quickly, then answer the questions..
Read the text if necessary.
Make sure Ss understand the text.
Step 5 Discusion
Advantagnes and disadvantages of living on Mars
Discuss and take notes
More understanding of the text.
Do the exercises.
Understand the text better by doing the exercises.
Step 4 : consolidation
Ask students to fill in the blanks, then ask them to read the text together.
Aims of abilities:
To infer meaning from key words and context.
To identify some details and do some exercises to check comprehension.
Aims of emotion:
To imagine the life in the future.
牛津译林版英语九下Unit 4《Life on Mars》(Grammar B、C)说课稿
牛津译林版英语九下Unit 4《Life on Mars》（Grammar B、C）说课稿一. 教材分析《Life on Mars》是牛津译林版英语九下Unit 4的一篇文章，主要介绍了人类对火星生命的探索和火星环境的描述。
文章以科学家们对火星的研究为基础，向读者展示了火星上的生活可能性。
本节课的重点是让学生通过阅读理解文章内容，掌握一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态，并能够运用这两种时态进行口语表达和写作。
二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经掌握了英语学习的基本语法和词汇，对阅读理解的能力也有一定的提升。
然而，对于一些专业的科学知识，可能需要通过教师的引导和帮助才能更好地理解和掌握。
在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的学习兴趣，激发他们的学习热情，并通过有效的教学手段帮助他们巩固所学知识。
三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够理解文章内容，掌握一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法。
2.能力目标：学生能够运用这两种时态进行口语表达和写作。
3.情感目标：学生能够培养对科学探索的兴趣，提高他们的阅读理解能力。
四. 说教学重难点1.教学重点：学生能够掌握一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法。
2.教学难点：学生能够运用这两种时态进行口语表达和写作，以及对于一些专业科学知识的理解。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法：采用任务型教学法，让学生在完成任务的过程中，自然地学习和掌握语法知识。
2.教学手段：利用多媒体课件和网络资源，为学生提供丰富的学习材料，提高他们的学习兴趣和效果。
六. 说教学过程1.导入：教师通过提问方式引导学生思考火星上是否有生命存在，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2.阅读理解：学生阅读文章，回答相关问题，理解文章内容，掌握一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态。
3.任务型教学：学生分组讨论，根据文章内容，完成相关的任务，运用所学语法知识。
4.口语表达：学生进行小组讨论，用所学的被动语态进行口语表达，教师进行指导和纠正。
译林牛津版九年级下册Unit4LifeonMars知识点总结详细梳理(无答案)
9B Unit 4知识点梳理一、词汇句型类1. --I’ve never thought about travelling into space. 我从没想过到太空旅行。
--Me neither. 我也是。
=(Neither have I.)think about 思考，考虑2. How do you like life on Mars? 你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？=What do you think of/about life on Mars?3. I thought you liked Mars. 我原以为你喜欢火星呢。
我拿不到我的食物。
4. I can’t get to my food.5. dream about/ of sth./doing sth. 梦想…dream—dreamed/dreamt-- dreamed/dreamt6. What should he take with him? 他应该随身带什么呢？take sth. with sb. 随身携带某物7. What would it be like to live on Mars? 住在火星会是什么样呢？be like 像…，…怎么样昨天南京的天气怎样？___________________________________________8. I hope so. 我希望如此表示肯定的希望(其中so代表上文所提到的事情)。
--Will it be fine tomorrow? 明天会天晴吗？--I hope so. 希望如此。
I hope not. 希望不会这样。
表示否定的希望，not代表上文所提到的事情。
--Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗？--I hope not. 希望不要下雨。
9. by the next century. 到下个世纪为止by the year 2100 到2100年by+ 将来时间将来时最迟五点我一定回来。
九年级英语下册 Unit 1 Life on Mars重难点归纳2 牛津版
Unit 1 Life on Mars一. 教学内容：Unit 1 Life on MarsMain task:Write your own guide to living on Mars.Tasks:1. Object clauses introduced by ‘that’.2. Object clause introduced by ‘if’ or ‘whether’.3. Write your own guide to living on Mars.二. 重点、难点：Grammar B CB Object clauses introduced by ‘that’ 由“that”引导的宾语从句用一个句子来作一个动词的宾语，叫宾语从句。
陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that不在从句中担任成份，只起连接作用，有时可省略。
Eg. We all know （that） Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.He said （that） he would help me with English.若主句的谓语动词是find, make, think 等，其后又带有复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把实际的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后。
Eg. Do you think it necessary that we’ll have a meeting tomorrow?C if / whether 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if / whether引导，宾语从句语序是陈述句语序。
Eg. I don’t know if / whether he will come tomorrow.We are wondering whether we can grow plants on Mars.注意：在动词wonder 后面的宾语从句常用 if / whether 引导。
火星不适合居住的条件 英语作文
火星不适合居住的条件英语作文英文回答：Living on Mars is a dream for many people, but the reality is that Mars is not a suitable place for human habitation. There are several reasons why Mars is not a hospitable environment for humans.Firstly, the atmosphere on Mars is very thin, with only about 1% of the density of Earth's atmosphere. This means that there is not enough oxygen for humans to breathe, making it impossible to survive without a spacesuit or some form of life support. In addition, the lack of a strong magnetic field on Mars means that the planet is exposed to harmful cosmic radiation, which can be damaging to human health.Secondly, Mars is a very cold planet, with average temperatures of around -80 degrees Fahrenheit. This extreme cold would make it very difficult for humans to survivewithout adequate shelter and heating. In addition, the lack of liquid water on Mars means that it would be difficult to grow crops or sustain any form of agriculture, making it hard to produce food for a potential human colony.Finally, the surface of Mars is covered in toxic chemicals and dust, which could be harmful to human health if inhaled or ingested. The harsh conditions on Mars would make it a very challenging environment for humans to live in, with limited resources and little room for error.In conclusion, while the idea of living on Mars may be appealing, the reality is that Mars is not a suitable place for human habitation due to its thin atmosphere, extreme cold temperatures, lack of liquid water, and toxic surface conditions.中文回答：生活在火星上是许多人的梦想，但现实是火星并不适合人类居住。
火星生活英语作文初中
火星生活英语作文初中English:Living on Mars would present numerous challenges but also exciting opportunities. The harsh environment with extremely cold temperatures, thin atmosphere, and lack of liquid water would require advanced technology and innovation to sustain human life. However, the red planet offers vast possibilities for scientific research, exploration, and potentially even colonization. With appropriate infrastructure in place, humans could establish habitats, grow food, and conduct experiments to unlock the mysteries of the universe. Despite the difficulties, the thought of being among the first residents of Mars and paving the way for future generations is a thrilling prospect that ignites the imagination and pushes the boundaries of our understanding of the cosmos.中文翻译:生活在火星上将会面临许多挑战，但也有令人兴奋的机会。
在火星上生活,科幻作文提纲
在火星上生活,科幻作文提纲英文版Living on Mars: Science Fiction Essay OutlineAs humans continue to explore the vast universe, the idea of living on Mars has captured the imagination of many. The red planet, with its barren landscape and harsh conditions, presents a unique challenge for those who dream of making it their home. In this science fiction essay, we will explore the possibilities and challenges of living on Mars.Introduction:- Introduce the concept of living on Mars- Discuss the current efforts and plans for Mars colonizationBody:1. The environment of Mars- Describe the landscape and climate of Mars- Discuss the challenges of living in a low-gravity environment- Explore the potential for terraforming Mars to make it more habitable2. The technology needed for Mars colonization- Discuss the transportation required to travel to and from Mars- Explore the construction of habitats and infrastructure on Mars- Consider the development of sustainable food and water sources on Mars3. The psychological and social implications of living on Mars- Discuss the isolation and confinement that colonists may face on Mars- Explore the potential for conflict and cooperation among colonists- Consider the impact of living on Mars on individual mental health and well-being Conclusion:- Summarize the challenges and possibilities of living on Mars- Reflect on the implications of Mars colonization for the future of humanity中文版在火星上生活: 科幻作文提纲随着人类继续探索浩瀚的宇宙，生活在火星上的想法已经吸引了许多人的想象力。
live on mars作文
live on mars作文Title: Living on Mars - A Dream or a Reality?Title: 火星生活- 梦想还是现实？Text:Text:Ever since humans first gazed up at the night sky, the red planet Mars has captivated our imagination.The idea of living on Mars has gone from 科幻小说to a potential reality that may soon become a possibility.With advancements in technology and space exploration, the dream of setting foot on Mars is closer than ever before.自从人类首次仰望夜空，红色的星球火星就俘获了我们的想象力。
生活在火星上的想法从科幻小说变成了可能很快成为现实的潜在可能性。
随着科技和太空探索的发展，踏上火星的梦想比以往任何时候都更接近了。
However, living on Mars is not an easy task.The planet is known for its extreme temperatures, lack of breathable air, and high radiation levels.Despite these challenges, scientists and engineers around the world are working tirelessly to make Mars a habitable place for humans.然而，生活在火星上并非易事。
这个星球以其极端的温度、无法呼吸的空气和高辐射水平而闻名。
火星上面的生活英语作文
火星上面的生活英语作文Living on Mars is a challenging and exciting prospect for humanity. From the barren landscapes to the extreme weather conditions, there are many obstacles to overcome in order to establish a sustainable life on the red planet.火星上的生活对人类来说既是一个挑战，也是一个令人激动的前景。
从贫瘠的景观到极端的天气条件，要在这个红色星球上建立一个可持续的生活是需要克服许多障碍的。
One of the biggest challenges of living on Mars is the lack of a breathable atmosphere. Unlike Earth, Mars has a very thin atmosphere that is mostly carbon dioxide, making it impossible for humans to breathe without the aid of technology. This means that any human settlement on Mars would need to rely on artificial life support systems to provide a breathable atmosphere for its inhabitants.生活在火星上最大的挑战之一是缺乏可呼吸的大气层。
与地球不同，火星的大气非常稀薄，大部分是二氧化碳，这使得人类无法在没有技术支持的情况下呼吸。
这意味着在火星上的任何人类居民点都需要依靠人造生命支持系统为其居民提供可呼吸的大气层。
人类在火星上生活英语作文
人类在火星上生活英语作文英文回答：Living on Mars is an exciting and challenging experience. The red planet's harsh environment presents many obstacles for human survival, but with the right technology and determination, we have managed to establish a thriving community here.For example, we have built pressurized domes to protect us from the extreme temperatures and radiation. We also use advanced hydroponic systems to grow our own food, and we have developed new ways to generate oxygen for breathing. Despite the difficulties, living on Mars has opened up a world of possibilities for scientific research and exploration.中文回答：在火星上生活是一种令人兴奋和具有挑战性的经历。
这颗红色星球的恶劣环境对人类的生存提出了许多障碍，但凭借着正确的技术和决心，我们已经设法在这里建立起了一个蓬勃发展的社区。
例如，我们已经建造了加压的圆顶建筑，以保护我们免受极端温度和辐射的影响。
我们还使用先进的水培系统种植自己的食物，并且我们已经开发出了新的方法来产生呼吸所需的氧气。
尽管困难重重，但在火星上生活已经为科学研究和探索打开了一扇全新的大门。
想象未来在火星上生活的样子英语作文
想象未来在火星上生活的样子英语作文Living on Mars: A Glimpse into the Future。
As we look towards the future of space exploration, the idea of living on Mars has captured the imagination of scientists, engineers, and the general public alike. The prospect of establishing a human presence on the red planet presents a myriad of challenges, but also holds the promise of groundbreaking discoveries and new opportunities for humanity. In this article, we will explore what life on Mars might look like in the not-so-distant future.First and foremost, the journey to Mars itself will be an incredible feat of engineering and logistics. The distance between Earth and Mars means that a trip to the red planet will take several months, and astronauts will need to be prepared for the physical and psychological challenges of long-duration space travel. Once they arrive, they will need to contend with the harsh Martian environment, including extreme temperatures, radiation, and the lack of a breathable atmosphere. However, with advances in technology and our understanding of space travel, these obstacles are not insurmountable.One of the key aspects of living on Mars will be the need for self-sufficiency. Unlike the International Space Station, which is regularly resupplied from Earth, a Martian colony will need to produce its own food, water, and oxygen. This will likely involve the use of advanced hydroponic and aeroponic systems to grow crops, as well as the extraction of water from the Martian soil or atmosphere. Additionally, renewable energy sources such as solar power will be crucial for meeting the energy needs of the colony.In terms of habitation, the first Martian habitats will likely be built using materials that are available on the planet itself, such as regolith (Martian soil) and ice. These structures will need to provide a safe and comfortable living environment for the inhabitants, while also protecting them from the harsh external conditions. Over time, as the colony grows and develops, more advanced habitats and infrastructure could be constructed, potentially even using 3D printing technology to create buildings from local materials.The daily lives of Martian colonists will be vastly different from those on Earth. For one, the lower gravity on Mars will present both challenges and opportunities for human health and mobility. Scientists are still studying the long-term effects of living in reduced gravity, but it is likely that exercise and physical therapy will be important components of daily life on Mars. Furthermore, the isolation and confinement of living in a small, enclosed environment will require careful management of the psychological well-being of the inhabitants.Despite these challenges, life on Mars will also offer unique experiences and opportunities. The stunning Martian landscape, with its towering volcanoes, deep canyons, and vast deserts, will be a constant source of wonder and inspiration for the colonists. Scientific research on Mars will also be a major focus, as the planet's geology and history could hold clues to the origins of our solar system and the potential for past or present life on Mars.In conclusion, the prospect of living on Mars presents a host of challenges, but also holds the promise of new discoveries and opportunities for humanity. As we continue to advance our understanding of space travel and develop the necessary technologies, the dream of a human presence on Mars is becoming increasingly achievable. It is an exciting and awe-inspiring vision of the future, one that will push the boundaries of human exploration and expand our horizons beyond the confines of Earth.。
Unit+4+Life+on+Mars+Reading+1知识点 牛津译林版九年级下+册
Unit 4 Life on MarsReading1.原文呈现：Our own planet,the Earth,is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population.(P52)①crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满的;充满的; be crowded with... 挤满...②crowd n.人群，群众in the crowd 在人群中the crowd 人群 a crowd of... 一群...③crowd v.挤，靠近，涌入crowd into 涌入crowd out 挤出crowd around 围拢The store was crowded with shoppersHe pushed his way through the crowd.Long long ago,there was a crowd of antelopes in the forest.Thousands of people crowded the narrow street.【牛刀小试】1.The shop _________with old people on weekends，but children _________in the interesting places.A.crowds；crowdedB.crowded；crowdsC.crowded；crowdD.is crowded；crowd2.My father warned me against going to Beijing during May Day because it was_________（crowd）with tourists．3.Today，as the world's urban population explodes，and cities become _______ (crowd) than ever.4.每天早上鲁迅公园挤满了锻炼的老人．（crowd）________________________________________________________.【答案】1.D 2.crowded 3.more crowded4.Every morning Lu Xun Park is crowd ed with old people who exercise2.原文呈现：It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars.(P52)①It is hoped that... 希望... It is+done+that...(人们...，大家...)It's reported that... 据报道... It’s believed that... 相信...It's known that... 众所周知... It’s said that ... 据说...It’s thought that... 人们都认为... It is estimated that... 据估计...①all over again 再；重新all over 到处，遍及；浑身all over the world 全世界spread all over 遍及；遍布各地all over the place 到处, 各处all over the lot 混乱地；无条理地After drinking some wine, I feel warm all over.The box burst open and its contents flew all over the place.【牛刀小试】1.据说,一个新的建筑即将在此地建成。
疯狂英语阅读：LIVINGONMARS？
Astronaut: Light gray, material on either side. Oh man that's incredible...It seemed to back in the late 60s and early 70s as if America would be a space bearing nation. Plans were big, first the moon, then Mars.Instead man has been stuck making circles around the earth while robots go explore new worlds. Bases on Mars and other planets were designed on computer and forgotten.Dr. Chris McKay (NASA): Certainly the case that we don't have as an aggressive a program of exploration as we had during Apollo. Humans now barely get beyond earth's lower orbit. But I think a day will come when humans will go to Mars and we will establish first research bases there and ultimately permanent settlements there.Scientists already suspect the red planet has water. Making oxygen and giving Mars a breathable atmosphere is at least theoretically possible. Something scientists are seriously talking about at NASA's Aims Research Center. It's a symposium called “The Physics and Biology ofMaking Mars Habitable.” They're looking at ways Mars might be terra-formed and asking important questions not just, can we? but “hould we?” Is Mars ours to mess with? Is it ethical to bring life to Mars?Chris: I come down squarely on the side of life. I think Mars without life is a great place. It’s very interesting but Mars with life is even more interesting, more fascinating. And in a philosophical sense, more valuable.Now scientists first have to figure out if there is life on Mars or perhaps there was some time before. If that's true, that would add a whole new ethical quandary. Some of the ideas for terra forming perhaps sending atomic bombs to Mars and exploding them in the atmosphere. That would cause the greenhouse effect and begin the terra forming. Now there are no specific plans to do that. NASA is just studying the idea.移居⽕星？宇航员：两边都是浅灰⾊⼀⽚。
九年级英语下册Unit4 Life on Mars 内容精讲素材牛津版
Unit 4 Life on Mars课时内容精讲Unit4❶It’s hoped that...的用法It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars.人It is hoped that we can finish the project before this weekend.我们有望在本周末前完成此项目。
常见的“It is+过去分词+that”句型At present,our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars—large numbers of 意为“大量的”,也可以说 a larger number of,只可修饰可数名词。
量词与名词的搭配However,the spacecraft would travel so fast that the journey to Mars might be quite1.表示人的动作的迅速,三者都可用,有时可换用。
例如:a fast/rapid/quick worker 一个做事手脚快的工人2.fast 表示“快”,侧重指速度方面。
例如:She ran as fast as she could.她能跑多快就跑多快。
注意:询问速度或表示钟表走得快等,通常用 fast。
例如:My watch is 5 minutes fast.我的表快了5 分钟。
3.quick 通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短,有时还含有匆忙之意(但通常不指动作的频率)。
例如:He gave her a quick kiss.他突然吻了她一下。
注意:催人快做或快走等,通常用 quick。
例如:Be quick!快点!4.rapid 比另外两个词要稍正式些,通常指突然或急速(且连续不断)的动作。
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Air
Earth: 20% O2, 80% N2 Can make air like this on Mars! N2 from Mars’ atmo O2 from:
CO2 H2O Fe2O3, SiO2, etc.
Recycle using plants (photosynthesis)
Food
Living on Mars
Shaun Moss shaunmoss@.au Mars Society Australia .au
Living on Mars
1. Earth and Mars 2. Why would we want to live on Mars? 3. The challenges of living on Mars 4. What will we need, and how can we get all these things? 5. Health & Fitness 6. Terraforming
Terraforming
Making Mars’ environment hospitable to organisms from Earth.
Warming Mars
Create global warming using PFCs (perfluorocarbons) – a powerful greenhouse gas. Use mirrors in space to reflect more sunlight onto Mars. Heating Mars causes frozen CO2 to sublime, thickening atmo and causing more warming – a runaway greenhouse.
Vehicles & Fuel
What sort of vehicles?
Pressurized rovers ATVs (quad bikes) Gliders, planes, balloons Rockets, spaceships Walking rovers Good fuel: methane (CH4) & oxygen (O2) – easy to make from Mars atmo and water.
Making fertile dirt
Process Mars dirt to make it less toxic Add some nutrients Recycle food scraps & manure (human, chook) Use earthworms (they’re also good food for fish and chooks)
Many other metals available on Mars. Can also make bricks, concrete, glass and plastics from local resources.
Electricity
Nuclear: problematic on Earth, even worse on Mars. Also, would have to find uranium. Solar: possible, but less sunlight on Mars. Wind! Lots of wind on Mars; the air is thin, but highspeed.
The challenges of living on Mars
Cold! Very thin and toxic atmo. Water frozen solid. High radiation. Low gravity. Long way from home. No shops!
What will we need to live on Mars?
Mars’ dirt is not suited for life (yet). Food grown in sealed greenhouses. Hydroponics – growing plants without dirt. Aquaponics – fish farming combined with hydroponics. Chickens & eggsLeabharlann Clothing, etc.
Hemp – ultra-useful plant
Cloth Canvas for shoes, bags, etc. Rope Lubricants, paint, plastics Hemp oil – nutritional supplement, skin cream
Earth and Mars
Deimos Luna Phobos
Radius: Gravity:
12746km 1g
6805km 0.38g
Earth and Mars
Earth
Distance from Sun Atmosphere 150Gm (1AU) 101.3kPa 78% N2 21% O2 1% Ar 185 – 331K Mean: 287K (14°C) 24h 365.25d 23.4° 0.6kPa 95% CO2 3% N2 2% Ar 133 – 293K Mean: 210K (-63°C) 1 sol = 24h 40m 668.6 sols (1.88y = 687d) 25.2°
What will we need to bring from Earth?
Life support equipment Electronics, computers & communications gear Robots, machinery, motors, tools Solar panels, windmills Seeds, animals Cooking equipment Games, books, musical instruments
Why would we want to live on other worlds?
Survive asteroid impacts. Population growth. Develop many new technologies & systems. Develop a global view of Earth. For the challenge and adventure! Why not?
Air, food & water probably better than Earth! Build parks to play in, and to provide sunshine (artificial or real)
Sport on Mars!
Rock-climbing, abseiling Hang-gliding Rover racing Gliding, ballooning Flying with wings! Snow sports
Robots
Will play a big part in colonising Mars. Digging, mining, construction, exploration, transportation. Electronics from Earth. Bodies could be imported from Earth, or made on Mars from steel and other metals. Software – Earth or Mars.
Materials
Iron & steel
Need for many things: buildings, tools, kitchen items, furniture, vehicles, robots, etc. Mars is covered in iron! (rust) Make steel using carbon from atmo.
Adding Nitrogen
To make a thick atmosphere like Earth, need lots of nitrogen. Some on Mars, but probably not enough. Can get more N2 from Venus or Titan. Venus closer, but Titan easier.
Later: cotton, synthetics Eventually: wool & leather
Buildings
Low grav & thin air means less material. Biggest problem – radiation. Surface structures – pile dirt on the roof. Underground – protection from radiation, and easier to keep warm (but need big machines to dig). Domes – Glass or plastic, maybe inflatable.
Health & Fitness
Low gravity means loss of bone and muscle.
Need lots of strength training.
High radiation increases risk of cancer & genetic mutation.
Stay inside during solar flares.
Water
Plenty of water, frozen. But: Very cold ice is harder than rock – very hard to dig. Solution: Heat up the ground, cause ice to sublimate, and capture the steam. Also: Recycle.