TPO2综合写作听力文本
tpo2综合写作
TPO作文2综合写作The reading material is mainly about the advantage of putting a people into a group of to work. The speaker, however ,totally contradicts with the author’s opinion by providing evidence, efficiency, and personal aptitude.First of all, teamwork does not give everyone in the group the equal right to get recognized. The speaker demonstrates that some people in the group may get “free ride”, although they do not contribute something to the final success, they may also be praised like anyone else. However, the real contributors, would not receive the recognition they deserve because the success is recognized as a whole. The passage asserts that since the group as wider range of knowledge, it would definitely reach success. Therefore , the author is challenged by the speaker.Second, the efficiency of the work would be greatly reduced by the team. According to the lecturer, the members of the team hold different kind of view in many aspects, so it is rather difficult for them to reach an agreement without a lot of meetings, which would take a long time. The reading indicates that teamwork is quicker than individual work.Last but not least, teamwork does not give each member of the team the same opportunity to show their personal aptitude. As the speaker point out, some very important people in the group will cause other people to drop the ideas which they disagree with regardless of the fact that they are actually debatable. On the other hand, they may convince people that plenty of the ideas are perfect and needs to becarried on immediately, regardless of some people’s disagreement. But if the team do not accomplish the work successfully, it would be blamed as a whole. Therefore, the team does not give everyone the chance to show themselves, as it is point out in the passage. In addition, the author’s idea contradicts the professor’s.。
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目问题详解unit14
y, too. They are active, but not as active as the thi nner mice. But they only live about two years, not the three years or more of the thi nner mice.The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups. Most of the day, these mice are eat ing or sleep ing. They ' re n ot very active. These mice are livi ng Ion ger tha n the scientists thought —about a year and a half. But they are not healthy. They ' re sick more ofte n tha n the other two groups.The experiment is still going on. The scientists hope to finish their studies in two years.Task 2【答案】A.1) People keep fish in a certain place just as they keep sheep and cattle.2) By educatio n.3) Waste pollutes the sea, and pla nkton dies. Other sea ani mals that live on pla nkton cannot findeno ugh food.4) They n eeded to kill whales for their meat, their bones and the oil from their fat. But they have othermaterials now.B.People on land'Large fishSmaller fishZoo pla nktonPla nt pla nkton【原文】Mike: Good morning, and welcome to Radio Time. For our mon thly programme, Science Today, rve in vited a group of scie ntists to the studio to talk about sea life —Professor Adams, Dr.Brow n and Dr. Church. It's good to have you with us. Professor Adams, I've read in thepapers that sea life is in dan ger. Is this trueAdams: I'm afraid so, very true. As the world population grows, we need more food, so we catch more fish. We're overfish ing the sea, and soon there won't BE any fish.Brown: The answer is to start more fish farms on land.Church: I agree. We must keep fish, like we keep sheep and cattle.Adams: Fish farms are a good idea, but I don't think they will solve the problem of overfish ing the sea. We have to stop people fishi ng in certa in parts of the ocea n.Church: Yes. We need international rules to protect fish, and all the countries of the world must agree to obey them.Brown: We have rules now, and people don't obey them. I agree that we must stop fishing in certain parts of the ocean...Adams: And we must only allow each country to catch a certain number of fish —but how do we make people obey these rulesChurch: I don't know. By education perhapsMike: You mean, teach people about sea lifeChurch: Exactly. We must explain how everything depends on everything else. If people want to eat fish in the future, then they must stop killing so many fish now.Brown: Waste is another problem. We're filling the oceans of the world with our rubbish. The sea can no longer clean itself. It's not safe to swim near the beaches, and out at sea plankton isstarting to die.Adams: And without plant plankton for the zoo plankton, and zoo plankton for small fish and shellfish, the large fish can't find any food, and so it goes on.Church: One reason why whales are disappearing is that they can't find enough food.Mike: Whales eat plankton, don't theyChurch: Yes. And some people still want to eat whale meat. In the past people needed to kill whales for their meat, their bones and the oil from their fat. But we have other materials now. People must stop killing whales.Brown: I agree. We mustn't lose the largest sea mammal in the world.Adams: Everyone must work to save the whale. It's a wonderful animal, and it has a right to life. Mike; And everyone must try to understand about sea life and protect it. Well, thank you for coming on the program me and I hope our listeners will remember what you said. Don't let our oceans die, and remember, no food for the fish means no fish for food!Task 3【答案】A.1) b2) a3) b4) cB.1) Measure; Mix; Pour; Put on; Pack2) late; sick; vacations; strike; 24 hours; 7 days; 365 daysC.1) A worker will program the robots. She/He will type the orders into a computer, telling the robots what ingredients to use, how long to mix them, and which labels to use.2) A technician from the robot company will come within an hour to fix it.3) No.【原文】Boss: Robots Why are you talking about robots We're a small company, we make cough syrup. We only have twenty workers. Robots are fine for large factories, not small ones like ours. Assistant: Boss, small companies can use robots, too. They're great workers.Boss: I don't know. Talk to me about them ten years from now.Assistant: Boss, listen, this is a simple operation here. We make 10 different kinds of cough syrup.But each operation only has 5 steps, so we'll only need 5 robots. One robot will measurethe ingredients, and a second robot will mix them. A third robot will pour the syrup into thebottles. Then a fourth robot will put the labels on. The last robot will pack the bottles intoboxes. Right now, we have 20 workers doing these jobs.Boss: But each kind of syrup is different. How will these robots know what to doAssistant: We'll tell them. One worker will program the robots. She'll just type the orders into a computer, tell the robots what ingredients to use, how long to mix them, and which labels touse.Boss: And what happens when one of the robots breaks downAssistant: They don't break down very often. And the robot company will have a technician here within an hour.Boss: I just can't picture it. What will we have here A quiet building with robots rolling around doing the workAssistant: That's it! And these robots are great workers. They'll never come to work late, they won't call in sick, they won't take vacations, they won't go on strike, and they'll work 24 hours aday, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.Boss: I don't know. It sounds like a good idea, but I need time to think. What about the men and women who work here now Most of them are good workers. They have families to support. Assistant: Boss, that's the only problem. We won't need them anymore.Task 4【答案】A.inventions; immediate; manufactured goods; growth; farms; grew up; coal; iron; pleasant; over-crowdedB.Part 2FactoryA.1. Long2. LowB. commonC. childrenPart 3women and childrenA. 10 years old; minesB. 10 working hours/day for women and for boys under 18C. form unionsC.1) Socialists demanded complete changes in the system of Government and the way people earned their living.But other social reformers only wanted to achieve their goals by peaceful means, particularly by passing new laws.2) The Consequences of the Industrial Revolution in Britain【原文】Part 1The early inventions and discoveries which began the Industrial Revolution had important consequences. One immediate result was the great increase in the quantity of manufactured goods available. Another important result was the rapid growth of cities. Many country people left their farmsto work in factories. Gradually, new towns grew up around these factories which were built near the sources of coal, iron and waterpower. Some of the great cities of England, such as Manchester, Leeds and Birmingham, started in this way.The industrial towns were not pleasant places to live in. The workers' quarters were over-crowded and the people lived in the midst of filth and disease.Part 2The Industrial Revolution also brought about what was later called the factory system. Working conditions in factories were bad. The people had to work long hours for small wages. Accidents were common and the employer took no responsibility for them. The most unfortunate victims of the factory system were children. Children only four or five years old were employed in factories and mines.Part 3Many influential people began to protest against the terrible conditions under which the people lived and worked. Gradually, the English Parliament made new laws to protect workers, particularly women and children. In 1842, it was made illegal to employ women, and children under ten years old, to work in the mines. Another law was passed in 1847 allowing only ten hours of work per day for women and for boys under eighteen years of age. After 1824, working men were also allowed to form unions to bargain peacefully with their employers for better working conditions and better wages. Strikes were, however, forbidden for many years. Part 4As the factory system grew, a number of men criticized its evils. Some of these men merely wanted new laws to protect the workers. Others, who were later known as Socialists or Communists, demanded complete changes in the system of Government and the way people earned their living.Task 5【答案】A.1) T2) T3) F4) T5) F6) F7) T8) T 【原文】Miranda went to one side of the control room and touched a button. The door of the safety room slid open. Miranda went inside and closed the door. She had a plan of her own.The large blue capsules were on the tray which had come out of the wall. Miranda picked up a capsule and opened it carefully. It was full of white powder. She emptied the white powder into some water. Then she poured the liquid into an injecti on gun.Mira nda put the gun carefully into a pocket i n her overalls. She now had a weap on of her own."Garth will not think of search ing me," Mira nda said to herself. "He does n't know I have a differe nt pla n for the crystals."Miranda went back to the control room. Omega was silently charging the power banks. The visual display showed the sleep ing bodies of Garth and Varon."Whe n will the ship be ready to leave for Zeron" she asked Omega eagerly."I n three and a half hour's time," was Omega's reply."Keep watch ing Garth," Mira nda ordered. "But you can stop watch ing Varon. He is lockedin his cab in. He cannot get out un til I ope n the door.""It will be don e," Omega an swered.He pressed the butt on on the con trol pan el. The picture of Varon disappeared and the picture of the sleep ing body of Garth filled the scree n.Mira nda went out in to the corridor and walked the short dista nce to Varo n's cab in. She touched a butt on in the wall and the door ope ned immediately. Varon was lyi ng asleep on the bunk.Mira nda looked dow n at him."You're a fool," she thought. "How can you lie there sleeping Anyone who trusts Garth is a fool."She shook Varon by the shoulder un til he woke up."What's wrong" he asked sleepily. "Are we ready to leave""Not yet," replied Mira nda. "I have come to talk to you. I want you to help me.""I am going to help you to get the Zeron crystals. What more help do you want" asked Varo n."You know very little about me and Garth," began Miranda."I know eno ugh," in terrupted Varon. "You are thieves. And you are murderers!""I am not a murderer," said Miranda. "I helped Garth on Earth. But I did not kill the owner of this spaceship."Task 6【答案】A.1) c2) b3) cB.【原文】Potts: Now, Mr. Macadam, what makes you so sure that there is a monster in Loch Ness Macadam: I've seen it, Professor Potts! I've seen it with my own eyes, I tell you! I was there byLoch Ness very early one mornin g. I was sta nding by the edge of the lake. Sudde nly Isaw a pair of eyes in the water. They were look ing at me. Then a head came up out of thewater, and this thing bega n to swim towards me. I was really frighte ned, you know!I was holding a bottle in my hand at the time. I threw it at the monster. Then the mon sterdived and swam away un derwater. But I know you don't believe my story, do you,Professor PottsPotts: Well, I believe that you saw something. But are you certain that it was a monster Could you see it clearly Are you sure that it was n't just some kind of ani mal or bird You see, Idon't believe in mon sters. And I don't think there's anything stra nge or unu sual in LochNess. If there are any mon sters there, why has n't anyone caught one yet Why aren'tthere any really clear photos or films of oneMacadam: Ah, well let me expla in. Loch Ness is very deep, you know —more tha n 200 metres deep in some places. And the water's a dark brown colour. These monsters don't come to thesurface of the lake very often. They live in deep water, near the bottom of the lake. Youcan't see much dow n there. So it's very hard to find these mon sters. And it's harder tocatch one. Dr. Hunt knows a lot about Loch Ness. You believe there's a mon ster there,don't you, DoctorDr. Hunt: Well, actually, I used to think that the whole idea of "Nessie" was just a joke. But now rm not so sure. Nowadays we know a lot about land animals, but the underwater world is stillfull of mysteries. I don't like the word "mon ster", but I believe there may be somethingunusual in Loch Ness. It may be a big animal. It may be a fish that scie ntists don't knowabout. It could even be a kind of dino saur that did n't die 65 milli on years ago. Whoknows It's an excit ing idea, but we can't be certa in un til we have some better pictures,or, best of all, un til some one catches one of these thi ngs so that scie ntists can study itproperly.Task 7【答案】A.1) F2) T3) F4) F5) TB.1) Dispute over the gen etically modified crops.2) Biotech foods come from material that has been genetically modified by scientists to resistin-sects or disease.3) European consumers feared possible health risks of these new foods.4) First the foods must be labeled clearly. Second, producers will have to trace GMOs at all stages ofproduction.5) Because the aid contained biotech grain, which Africans feared could be used as seed and therebythreaten future exports to the EU.【原文】The European Parliament on Wednesday passed two laws that could open the way for European Union nations to lift an unofficial ban on genetically modified crops. This is a major trade issue with the United States, whose farmers claim the ban has cost almost $300 million a year in lost corn exports.The new laws, expected to be adopted by EU governments before the end of the year, would allow the distribution of genetically modified foods as long as they are clearly labeled. The rules would also force producers to trace genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, at all stages of production.The new laws require the 15 nations of the EU to establish their own measures to prevent seeds from farms growing genetically modified crops from blowing into fields of conventional farms.European consumers fear possible health risks from genetically modified products, but EU Health Commissioner David Byrne insists this is not a concern."The purpose of this legislation is to inform consumers about the exact nature and characteristics of the food, to enable them to make informed choices. The purpose of labeling is not to inform the consumer about the safety or lack of safety of a food. If a food is unsafe, it cannot be placed on the market at all."The United States has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization in an attempt to have the unofficial EU moratorium on so-called biotech foods lifted.Washington has also said previously it is unhappy with the new labeling rules and other requirements, which it believes are too costly and restrictive.Biotech foods come from material that has been genetically modified by scientists to resist in-sects or disease. Such foods have been widely grown in North America for years.The EU imposed its unofficial moratorium on new biotech foods five years ago because of fears by European consumers about possible health risks.The issue has worldwide implications. Last year, several African nations rejected US food aid because it contained biotech grain, which Africans feared could be used as seed and thereby threaten future exports to the European Union.Task 8【答案】A.1) b2) a3) b4) cB.1) It's the largest anywhere in the world.2) They built two different types of power station side by side. They want to find which is the bestsystem for harn ess ing the power of the sun.3) Water is con verted to steam to drive the turb ines in the usual way.4) The sun ofte n disappears.C.Japan is the land of the rising sun. And by the sea on one of the Japanese islands at the little town of Neo, they're taking the national symbol seriously. The town now has its own power stati on, and it's the largest any where in the world to be powered by the sun.This massive in stallatio n is clear evide nee of the Japa nese commitme nt to solar power. And perhaps only they could have gone this far, to stage what's in effect a solar energy competition.There are, in fact, two totally differe nt types of power stati on here, side by side, and each one of them is capable of generating one megawatt of electricity. And although they began this year feeding electricity into the power network to supply about 2,000 local houses, this is basically just one enormous experiment to find the best way of harnessing the sun.The mirrors here are part of just one of the solar power stations, and each one is made of specially treated glass which reflects 95 perce nt of the sun light falli ng on them. They the n focus that light up to the top of a central tower. Altogether, there are 800 of these mirrors arranged in a circle around the tower, and to make sure they're always reflect ing the sun light onto the collecting surface at the top, a series of computers dotted amongst the mirrors adjusts their positi on so they follow the moveme nt of the sun across the sky.As they heat the collecting surface to over 400~ Centigrade, water in concealed pipes is converted to steam and returns back down the tower to drive a turbine and generator in the usualway.But the obvious problem with solar energy is that the sun often disappears, even here where the site was carefully chosen because it's one of the sunniest spots in Japan. Completely overcast days are a write-off, but this station does cope very well with those days where there are some sunny spells, and that's because enough steam can be stored in these tanks to run the generators for three hours. And they expect the station to be able to operate for more than 200 days a year.So much for system one. It's a Western design, but only the Japanese have completed a station this big. And it's only half of their experiment.Beside it is the other entry in the competition, and this whole concept is completely home-grown. It uses mirrors again--2,500 of them--arranged on vast structures rather like football stands. Each of the stands faces south and every single mirror is individually controlled to track the sun across the sky. But this time there's no central tower.Instead, the mirrors reflect the light onto a second set of parabolic mirrors facing them. These focus the sunlight and its heat onto a water pipe clearly visible in its protective vacuum tube. In the pipe the water is converted to steam and used to generate electricity as before.It's a little early in the two-year test period to be certain yet which of the two designs is most effective. But it does look as though between the autumn and the spring, when the sun's at an angle, this parabolic type is better. But in the summer, when the sun's overhead, that central tower seems to have the advantage.But when they have got the results of the tests, the next stage is to go on and build a power station ten times bigger than either of these. Coming to the right conclusions about solar power is even more important in Japan than it is in most countries. 75 percent of their energy comes from imported oil. They are determined to reduce that to 50 percent. And that will mean building a whole string of solar power stations throughout the country.Task 9【原文】The future will not determine itself. The future is determined by the actions of the present day.Edward Cornish, the editor of The Futurist magazine published by the World Future Society, says:The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future —that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate or other forces beyond our control. We ourselves build the future both through what we do and what we do not do. A novel way of teaching may change the way universities are run. An engineering teacher at the American University of Illinois has had great success without textbooks, without exams and without deadlines. His students won nine of the top ten engineering awards in a university competition.The engineering professor, Ricardo Uribe, let his engineering students express themselves, in-stead of telling them what to do. His students all focused on the problems that interested them, not what their teacher told 'them. They worked their own hours, not hours set by the university. They did not have to sit tests, and they helped each other in open classes.。
托福TPO2听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO2听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO2听力Conversation2文本 Choosing Courses Girl: Did you register already for your classes next semester? Boy: Yes, I did. Girl: What are you taking? Boy: Um…contemporary literature, English style, um… the teaching seminar, and I still have to do my student teaching. I’m gonna help teach a writing class of the junior high. Girl: That’s a heavy schedule. Boy: Yeah, it will be really busy and I’m also taking a theory class. But I have to quit my job a couple of weeks cause it will be just too much. Girl: Where do you work at? Boy: Buster’s coffee shop, but just till the end of the month. What are you doing next semester? Girl: Actually a teaching seminar too. And I will have to start writing my thesis. You know, I’m also going for my master’s degree. Boy: So you are not writing any poetry, I imagine. Girl: No, I was actually thinking about revising some of my poems and sending them into places for publication. Boy: Cool, you should. Um, did you hear about that new poetry club, The Poetry Kitchen? Girl: Yeah, no time. Boy: It’s fun; it’s Sunday night. You don’t do anything at Sunday nights? Girl: I do homework Sunday nights. Boy: Well, it’s only from 7 to 9. Girl: Is it every Sunday? Boy: Last Sunday of every month. I don’t know about this month, cause it’s probably a little too close to Thanksgiving, so they might move it up. I don’t know what they are gonna to do, but it’s a good time, it’s fun, some really impressive readings. Girl: Who? From our class? Boy: Some people from our class are reading. A lot of them go, sometimes even the professor. Girl: Really? I don’t know if I would want to read in front of her. Boy: You wouldn’t have to read, you can just watch. I just watched the first time, but it’s a good environment to read them, I think anyway. Girl: I probably have to write something new, so maybe during the summer, I just can’t now. Boy: Yeah, it wouldn’t be the same just reading old stuff. Are you going to do summer school? Girl: Definitely, otherwise, I will be short 6 credits. I have no choice. Boy: Yeah, me too. This is the second summer. I’ll have to take classes. I gotta go now, my Shakespeare class starts in twenty minutes. 托福TPO2听力Conversation2题目 1.What are the students mainly discussing? a) Their courses for next semester b) Their plans for the weekend c) A poetry club d) A class assignment 2.What does the man plan to do at the end of the month?。
全新版大学英第二版语综合教程2听力原文Unit 4
Unit 4 Today’s TrendsListening and SpeakingAudio Track 2-4-1A: Graph A shows that many married women go out and work today.B: Yes, that’s true. Only 15 percent of them now stay at home.A: Graph D shows that only one-third of children aged 3 to 5 are taken care of at home. It’s unbelievable.B: It’s not uncommon. In today’s society, most mothers and fathers mare busy with work. They have no choice.Audio Track 2-4-2/Audio Track 2-4-3Interview 1Interviewer: So, tell us a little about yourselves.Dan: Well, I’m Dan Preston.Courtney: And I’m Courtney Preston. We live in Phoenix, Arizona.Interviewer: OK, great. Do you have any children? Courtney: Yes, we have a baby. He’s thirteen months old.Interviewer: How nice. … Courtney, you must be busy!Courtne y: It’s not so bad. I’m a manager at a bank. Dan stays at home with the baby. Interviewer: Really?Dan: Yep. I’m a “househusband.” I take care of the kid while Courtney works.Interviewer: That’s unusual!Dan: Well, it’s a growing trend. There are more and more househusbands every year. Interviewer: How interesting!Interview 2Interviewer: Where are you from?Jamal: We live in Toronto, Canada.Interviewer: How big is your family?Jamal: Well, there are four of us. I’m Jamal, my wife is Tia, and we have two girls. Interviewer: Who takes care of them?Tia: We both do. We both stay at home with the girls.Interviewer: Well, who works then?Jamal & Tia: We both do!Interviewer: What do you mean? I don’t understand.Jamal: We’re both writers. We work at home during the day.Interviewer: Oh, I see.Tia: We’re always here when the girls come home from school at 2:30.Interviewer: That’s great.Audio Track 2-4-4/Audio Track 2-4-5Interviewer (Int): Hi. What’s your name?Gio: Gio.Int: Hi, Gio. Where are you from?Gio: Milan, Italy.Int: Welcome to New York, then!Gio: Thank you.Int: Where are your clothes from?Gio: My brother. I’m always borrowing clothes.Int: How would you describe your style?Gio: Casual, I guess. I’m not very innovative. I just wear the same thing all the time. Int.: Good evening. What’s your name?Vicki: Vicki.Int.: You look beautiful.Vicki: Thank you.Int: That dress is very stylish.Vicki: My mother gave it to me. It was tailor-made!Int.: Wonderful. Where are you from, Vicki?Vicki: I’m f rom Hong Kong.Int.: How would you describe your personal sense of style?Vicki: Classic, I suppose. I like to dress up.Int: Hi, there.Elena: Hi!Int: Who are you?Elena: I’m Elena.Int: And where are you from?Elena: I’m from right here in New York.Int: A hometown girl. And your clothes are from …?Elena: A store in my neighborhood. There was a sale.Int.: Great! How would you describe your personal style?Elena: Retro. It’s fashionable now.Int: It looks old-fashioned … in a good way, of course.Audio Track 2-4-6/Audio Track 2-4-71.A: I’m new in town and I’d like to make some friends. What should I do?B: You ought to join a sports club.A: But I don’t like sports.B: You could look for friends on the Internet.2.A: I don’t know what to wear to the party tonight. What should I wear?B: You could wear your new jeans or your black pants.A: It’s a formal dress party.B: Oh, then you shouldn’t wear pants after all. You definitely ought to wear a dress.3.A: I still don’t understand this grammar. What should I do?B: You had better get some help or you will fail the test. It’s on Thursday.A: Maybe I could take the test on Friday. That would give me extra time.B: Well, you had better not delay. There’s not much time!Audio Track 2-4-81. I’m a salesclerk in a woman’s clothing store. My boss is great, but she has a very strict dress code. We have to wear long skirts, black shoes, no jewelry, and on and on. It’s really boring, so I’m planning to dye my hair red. What do you think? — Lana2. I love my gi rlfriend, but she complains a lot about my clothes. She doesn’t want to go anywhere with me because I always wear old jeans and a T-shirt. I don’t care about looking like a fashion magazine. I just want to be comfortable! What’s your advice? — DaveAudio Track 2-4-91. I’m a salesclerk in a woman’s clothing store. My boss is great, but she has a very strict dress code. We have to wear long skirts, black shoes, no jewelry, and on and on. It’s really boring, so I’m planning to dye my hair red. What do you think? — Lana2. I love my girlfriend, but she complains a lot about my clothes. She doesn’t want to go anywhere with me because I always wear old jeans and a T-shirt. I don’t care about looking like a fashion magazine. I just want to be comfortable! What’s your advice? — DaveExpert’s opinion: I think you ought to have a serious talk with your girlfriend and explain how you feel. We all have our own style and taste. In my opinion, she thinks too much about appearances.Audio Track 2-4-10/Audio Track 2-4-11Today I started my new part-time job as a trendspotter. I was nervous and didn’t know what to expect. Well, guess what? It was a lot of fun! I’m telling all my friends, “You should think about becoming a trendspotter, too!” On Saturday morning, we had to report to a recording studio by 10 a.m. The “Trends Coordinator,” Mandy, explained the schedule. Then she gave us a tour. That was really cool!Next we sat around a big table in a room. They gave each person three cards. One card said “Yes — All the way!” Another said, “It’s OK.” The third one said, “No way!” We listened to about 10 different songs. After each song we had to hold up a card. They played some hip hop, rock, heavy metal, and dance music. The heavy metal was “No way” for me!Do you know the rock group called “Gifted”? They’re really popular right now. Well, they have a new CD coming out. We saw six different CD covers. I guess they are trying to choose one. This time, we didn’t have any cards. Instead, we just talked about the covers we liked. Mandy asked us questions: “Which ones do you like?” “Why do you like them?” “Would you buy a CD with this cover?”We finished at 12:30. We will meet again next week at a boutique downtown. We will look at some new fashions. Each week we go to a different location. Oh yes, we also received a free CD for our work. This “job”doesn’t pay, but we get free stuff!Audio Track 2-4-121. All of the families live in big cities.2. None of the students study German.3. Some of the people don’t agree with me.Audio Track 2-4-131. Most of the young children are in day care.2. Some of their parents work two or three jobs.3. All of my friends grew up in the same town.4. None of my classmates like to study.Audio Track 2-4-14Moderator: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our debate. Mr. Taylor, please begin. Mr. Taylor: We have a big problem. Too many children are in day care centers. This is not good. Moderator: Ms. Marin, what do you think?Ms. Marin: I’m a mother and I work. In today’s society, most mot hers and fathers are busy with work.Moderator: So, they don’t have a choice? They need day care?Ms. Marin: Exactly. And it’s very expensive.Moderator: What can we do about this situation?Mr. Taylor: We should encourage mothers and fathers to stay at home with their children.Ms. Marin: I don’t agree. I think we should offer cheaper day care.Audio Track 2-4-15Moderator: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this debate on whether it is better to rent or to own a home. Miss Ying, please begin.Miss Ying: As far as I’m concerned, owning a home is far better than renting one. Actually, I feel quite troubled by the idea of living in a rented apartment.Moderator: Can you further explain that point?Miss Ying: Of course. The sense of security I get from home ownership would not exist in a rented apartment.Moderator: Mr. Chen, what are your thoughts?Mr. Chen: Well, I think it’s better to rent a home than to own one. I just can’t afford to purchase a home, and I don’t know if that will ever change. At the moment, the cost of even a small city center apartment is out of most people’s reach.Miss Ying: I see your point, but I still think, it’s better to own a home than to rent one in the longrun. Although buying a home is expensive, I think most people can apply for a mortgage or join with their families to invest in a home.Mr. Chen: Yes, that’s quite true, but I feel bothered by the idea of owing so much money. I think it’s better to save for a home rather than get a mortgage. I believe people should spend only the money that they have earned or saved.Moderator: Some excellent points. Thank you both for taking part in the debate.Video CourseVideo Track 2-4-1Yelena: In Ukraine people get married very early.Lourdes: In Colombia people usually marry in their late 20s.Paula: In Brazil people get married around 25. Usually husbands and wives both work.Calvin: I guess in a traditional family … traditional Korean family … you know, it is usually the males who work. There are a lot of parents who both have full-time jobs.Kumiko: In Japan, nowadays, people usually get married around 30. Husbands and wives both work until they have babies. And the wife stays at home with her children.Alejandra: Children in Argentina live with their parents until they get married. Usually both the husband and the wife work, but if they have children, then the wife stays at home to take care of the children.Video Track 2-4-2Kumiko: In Japan, nowadays, people usually get married around 30. Husbands and wives both work until they have babies. And the wife stays at home with her children.Alejandra: Children in Argentina live with their parents until they get married. Usually both the husband and the wife work, but if they have children, then the wife stays at home to take care of the children.Video Track 2-4-3Dave: I really admire my sister’s style because she’s very independent.Calum: One person whose fashion I admire is my friend Alex. He wears really nice clothes. Dayanne: I have a friend that always wears cowboy boots to go to work. I think that she should wear something more stylish.Dennis: The person I most admire is Robert Redford. I like the way he moves, the way he stands, the way he carries his clothes … his hair …Woo Sung: I’ve had this hair for a while and I think it’s definitely time for a change. I need a haircut.Dayanne: To improve my appearance, I should have a haircut and lose weight.Calum: I think I could improve my appearance by wearing contact lenses instead of glasses.Video Track 2-4-4Mike: I told you —I don’t like to go running.Roberto: You ought to get more exercise, Mike. It’s good for you. You know, I think there’s a definite trend. More and more people are starting to exercise.Mike: You’re just saying that because you think I should exercise more. The majority of the people I know don’t exercise.Roberto: Well, in my opinion, I really think more people are exercising nowadays.Mike: What makes you say that?Roberto: Well, when I came to New York five years ago, almost no one in my office exercised. Then, a few years ago, some people started going to the gym. And now, I just read in my office newsletter that 28 percent of the people in my office go to the gym three or more times a week. That’s almost one third of the employees.Mike: Just because some of the people in your office go to the gym, doesn’t make it a trend. Maybe 28 percent go, but that means that 72 percent don’t.Roberto: Not necessarily … there’s more ways to get exercise than going to the gym.Mike: Such as?Roberto: Some peo ple walk to work … some people play golf … some people jog in the park . . . Mike: Yeah, that’s true …Roberto: Look around you. Don’t you see all the people exercising?Mike: Well, how many of them are enjoying it? None!Roberto: Oh come on, Mike. All of them are enjoying it.Mike: Not all of them …Roberto: Well, most of them …Mike: Maybe some of them … but not this one. I’m exhausted. I think we ought to go home. Roberto: Yes, I think we’d better. And we’d better get you something to drink, too.Mike: Hey, you know what?Roberto: What?Mike: I think we should get some ice cream, too.Roberto: What?Mike: Yeah! You know, I read somewhere that 33 percent of all famous athletes recommend eating ice cream after a heavy workout.Roberto: Yeah, right.Mike: No, I’m serious. I read it in a magazine!Video Track 2-4-5Mike: I told you —I don’t like to go running.Roberto: You ought to get more exercise, Mike. It’s good for you. You know, I think there’s a definite trend. More and more people are starting to exercise.Mike: You’re just saying that because you think I should exercise more. The majority of the people I know don’t exercise.Roberto: Well, in my opinion, I really think more people are exercising nowadays.Mike: What makes you say that?Roberto: Well, when I came to New York five years ago, almost no one in my office exercised. Then, a few years ago, some people started going to the gym. And now, I just read in my officenewsletter that 28 percent of the people in my office go to the gym three or more times a week. That’s almost one third of the employees.Video Track 2-4-6Mike: Just because some of the people in your office go to the gym, doesn’t make it a trend. Maybe 28 percent go, but that means that 72 percent don’t.Roberto: Not necessarily … there’s more ways to get exercise than going to the gym.Mike: Such as?Roberto: Some people walk to work … some people play golf … some people jog in the park …Mike: Yeah, that’s true …Roberto: Look around you. Don’t you see all the people exercising?Mike: Well, how many of them are enjoying it? None!Roberto: Oh come on, Mike. All of them are enjoying it.Mike: Not all of them …Roberto: Well, most of them …Mike: Maybe some of them … but not this one. I’m exhausted. I think we ought to go home. Roberto: Yes, I think we’d better. And we’d better get you something to drink, too.Video Track 2-4-7Mike: Hey, you know what?Roberto: What?Mike: I think we should get some ice cream, too.Roberto: What?Mike: Yeah! You know, I read somewhere that 33 percent of all famous athletes recommend eating ice cream after a heavy workout.Roberto: Yeah, right.Mike: No, I’m serious. I read it in a magazine!。
tpo2-tpo5综合写作范文
Tpo2The lecturer talks about research conducted by afirm that used the group sy stem to handle theirwork. He says that the theory stated in the passagewas very different and somewhat inaccurate whencompared to what happened in reality.First, some members got free rides. That is, somedidn’t work hard but got re cognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people whow orked hard were not given recognition they shouldhave gotten. In other wor ds, they weren’t given the opportunity to “shine”. This directly contradictswh at the passage indicates.Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are mor e responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and t heir aggregated resources.However, the speaker talks about how the firm fou nd out that groups were slower thanindividuals in decision making. Groups n eeded more time for meetings, which are necessaryprocedures in decision m aking. This was another place where experience contradicted theory.Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory or failure. If theinfluent people are going in the right direction there would be n o problem. But in cases wherethey go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a , with the influential party as the leader, and might become less flexible in its thinking. They might becomeone-sided, and thus fail to succeed.Rating annotation：Once you can read past what seem to be the results of poor typing, this Benc hmark 5 does anexcellent job of presenting the points about the contributio n and recognition of groupmembers as well as about speed of group decisio ns. The final paragraph contains one noticeable error (“influent”), which is th en used correctly two sentences later (“influential”).Overall, this is a success ful response and scored within (though perhaps not at the top of) the5 level.Tpo3The lecture revises the idea presented in the text, that Rembrandt was not the artist who painted the famous painting “Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet”.The inconsistency between the white cap, which identifies the woman as a servant, and the expensive fur collar she wears dissolves as the Professor explains that the fur collar was apparently painted over the original painting to increase its worth by displaying an aristocratic woman.In addition, the assumption that light and shadow in the painting do not fit together is refuted by the fact that in the original painting, the woman wears a light cloth that illuminated her face. Thus the presentation of light and shadow was indeed very realistic and accurate, as it is characteristic of Rembrandt’s paintings.Finally, the mystery of the panel consisting of patches glued together is also solved in the lecture.Actually, the wood panel was later enlarged to make it more grand and valuable, but the original painting was painted on a single panel, as Rembrandt would have done it. Furthermore, the wood is of the same tree used in other Rembrandt paintings, like the“Self-Portrait with a Hat”.All this information points to Rembrandt as the painter of the controversial painting.AnswerThe lecture revises the idea presented in the text, that Rembrandt was not the artist who painted the famous painting “Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet.”The inconsistency between the white cap, which identifies the woman as a servant, and the expensive fur collar she wears dissolves as the professor explains that the fur collar was apparently painted over Rembrandt’s original in order to increase its worth by displaying an aristocratic woman.In addition, the assumption that the light and shadows in the painting do not fit together is refuted by the fact that in the original painting the woman wears a light cloth that illuminated her face. Thus, the presentation of light and shadowwas indeed very realistic and accurate, as it is characteristic of Rembrandt’s paintings.Finally, the mystery of the panel consisting of patches glued together is also solved in the lecture. The wood panel was actually later enlarged to make it more grand in size and hence more valuable, but the original painting was painted on a single panel, as Rembrandt would have done. Furthermore, the wood was found to be made from the same tree Rembrandt used in many of his other paintings, like the “Self-Portrait with a Hat.”All this information serves to support the argument that Rembrandt was the painter of this controversial work.Tpo4The professor actually contradicts the statementsmade in the passage. She is of the view thatdinosaurs are not endotherms i.e. they were not ableto keep t heir body temperature at a constant rate.The professor contradicts the issue of dinosaursbeing endotherms based on t he availability of fossilsbeing available in the polar regions, she say that th epolar regions in those days were not as cold as theyare today i.e at least war m enough for dinosaurs tolive. During harsh winters she says that there is ap ossibility of the dinosaurs actually migrating towarmer regions.The issue of leg position and movement being used as a reason to classify the dinosaurs asendotherms does not please the professor either. She says th at dinosaurs had legs under theirbodies to support their huge bodies i.e the le gs under the body of the dinosaur were actually tosupport the huge weight of the dinosaur and not to provide it with a body stru cture likeendotherms(which is actually suited for running).The professor acknowledges the presence of haversian canals but also points out that that thefossils show the presence of growth rings. These rings occu r due to the thickening of thebone.The thickening indicates that the dinosaurs weren’t actually growing continuo usly but wereexperiencing periods of rapid growth and periods of no growth in succession. This pattern. Shesays is characteristic of non endothermic ani mals.Thus it can be inferred that the professor challenges the passage by giving r easons as to whyshe thinks that the dinosaur is not an endotherm.Tpo5The author of the reading passage proposes threetheories as likely explanatio ns of the primaryfunction of Chaco Canyon houses, grant structuresbuilt in the I2th century. The lecturer, however,points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer argues that the modest number offireplaces in these structures is in contradiction withthe huge size of these houses, indicating that theses tructures could not have been used for Residentialpurposes. The Reading, ho wever, draws comparisonsbetween the Chaco houses and other similar largeR esidential structures in support of the “Residential” theory.The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also reject ed by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing m aize would have manytraces of scattered Maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. Thisproves that the “food storage theory”is unlikely.Finally, regarding the third theory, the “ceremony theory”, the lecturer cont ends that the presence of broken pots close to the great houses does not offe r sufficient proof that thiswas a place for ceremonial activities. He argues th at there are other materials such as pieces ofconstruction trash found along with the broken pots, which suggest that the se pots wereprobably not used for ceremonial purposes but instead were disc arded by construction workers upon completion of the great houses.。
全新版大学英第二版语综合教程2听力原文Unit5
Unit 5 Unsolved MysteriesListening and SpeakingAudio Track 251In the picture on the left, a criminal is breaking a law; he is mitting a crime 、In the picture on the right, the detective is catching and arresting the criminal 、In the picture in the center, the detective is questioning the criminal but he is not making a confession、Audio Track 252/Audio Track 253The greatest detectiveSherlock Holmes is probably the greatest detective ever known —well, at least he 's one of the most famous、But he never actually existed … he ' s an imaginary detective who appears in sixty stories created by the Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 、Doyle was not always a writer 、He started his career as a doctor、Fortunately for us, he did not have many patients、He needed money and so he started to write stories、The first Sherlock Holmes story was published in 1887, and was called A Study in Scarlet 、Later, a magazine published The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and readers loved it!What makes Sherlock Holmes so special? Well, he was very intelligent and successful、He always arrested the criminal —every single time —with the help of his partner, Dr 、Watson、In the stories, Holmes lived at 221B Baker Street in London, England 、Thousands of people visit that address every year、There 's also a Sherlock Holmes Museum in Londo、nAudio Track 254/Audio Track 255/Audio Track 256Mike: … So, we can look forward to warmer temperatures、It ' Ibe a good weekend for thebeach、Over to you, Alexa 、Alexa: Thank you for that weather report, Mike 、And finally, this story just in 、… We have a report that a local man, Nick Brown, saw some strange lights 、He was driving home at about 10 p、m、He said the lights were bright and they moved across the sky、He stopped at a gas station and talked to a police officer about the lights 、The police officer had seen the lights, too、Mike: Hmm … that 's a strange、storWy hat happened next?Alexa: Well, Mr 、Brown took some pictures, but there was no film in his camera 、Finally, he called his wife on his cell phone 、But by that time, the lights were gone 、Mike: Well, I know that there is a legend around here about mysterious lights a lot of local …people have seen the lights、It 's starting to seem like those lights really exi、st What do you think, Alexa? Alexa: I don 't beli、eveIi t hink it 's some kind of hoax!Audio Track 257/Audio Track 258It was raining heavily 、I couldn 't see cle、arlyI drove slowly 、Suddenly, I saw a young girl 、She was dressed neatly and standing in the middle of the road、I was surprised! Somehow, I stopped the car quickly、“What are you doing? ” I ask、edShe looked at me strangely but didn 't a、ns“weArre you OK?”I asked、“I 'f m ine, ”she answered、Then she smiled happily and walked away quietly 、Nervously, I drove to my hotel and checked in 、I told the clerk about the little girl 、“Do you know her? ” I ask、ed “ Oh yes, ” he said ca、lmly“That'sMary Anne、She died five years ago on that road、It was a car accident during a rainstorm 、”Audio Track 259The Tunguska Mystery It was early morning 、June 30, 1908, in eastern Russia、Suddenly, a terrible explosion rocked the forest in Tunguska 、People fell to the ground, and all the trees for 2000 square kilometers were knocked down 、People heard the explosion 800 kilometers away, and the fire burned for many weeks、Audio Track 2510/Audio Track 2511What caused this terrible explosion? A century later, scientists are still trying to find the answer 、Here are some possible explanations、1、An asteroid: Asteroids are very large pieces of rock that go around in space and sometimes hit the planet、They can cause lots of damage、Some of them weigh as much as 100,000 tons、If an asteroid hit the earth, it would cause a huge explosion 、2、 A et: ets are giant balls of gas, ice, and rock with long tails 、They travel through space in aregular pattern 、Encke ' s et was near Earth in 1908, and it 's possible that a part of it broke off andhit the earth 、3、 A UFO accident: Some people believe that a spaceship crashed into the ground in Siberia andits engine exploded 、4、An extraterrestrial attack: Another idea is that extraterrestrials, that is, people from other planets, attacked the earth、Extraterrestrials might have wanted to destroy the earth, so they aimed their weapons at Earth and set fire to the forest 、5、 A scientific experiment: Another idea is that scientists made a mistake during an experiment with electricity 、 A man named Nikola Tesla tried to build a “ supergun ” that u、sed electricity Maybe it was a test of his gun and it didn 't work、correctlyAudio Track 2512/Audio Track 2513Q: Where is Marfa and what exactly is it famous for?A: Marfa is a small town in west Texas in the United States 、It 's famous for the “ Marfa mysterylights 、”Q: What are the mystery lights exactly?A: No one knows for sure 、There are many different ideas about that、Q: Can you describe them?A: That 's a difficult questio、n Different people see different lights 、They are not always the same、I can say that they appear after sunset in the sky 、They dance mysteriously in air and vanish、Then they suddenly reappear、Q: Some people say they are car headlights、Do you think so?A: No, I don 、'A t man first saw the mystery lights over 100 years ago 、The man was RobertEllison and the year was 1883 、Of course we didn ' t have cars in、1883Q: What do you think causes the lights?A: There are many theories 、The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth 、Some peoplethink uranium gas causes the lights 、Other people suggest that ball lightning does it 、Ball lightning is lightning in the shape of circle 、It often appears just after a rainstorm 、Q: What are some of the weirdest ideas about the lights?A: Well, some people call them “ g、h”ostTlhigehytsthink ghosts do it、That 's the strangest id、ea Some say they are UFOs、I don't think s、oQ: What do the experts say?A: They can 't figure it 、out Some engineers even came from Japan one time、They studied the lights, but couldn ' t solve the myste、ryQ: Are the local people scared?A: No, actually, they aren 、They'li t ke the lights 、And every year in early September there ' s abig town festival to celebrate the mystery lights 、Audio Track 2514Q: What do you think causes the lights?A: There are many theories 、The Native Americans thought the lights were stars falling to Earth 、Some people think uranium gas causes the lights 、Other people suggest that ball lightning does it 、Ball lightning is lightning in the shape of circle 、It often appears just after a rainstorm 、Q: What are some of the weirdest ideas about the lights?A: Well, some people call them “ ghos、t”lighTthsey think ghosts do it、That 's the strangest id、ea Some say they are UFOs、I don ' t think、soQ: What do the experts say?A: They can 't figure it 、out Some engineers even came from Japan one time、They studied the lights, but couldn ' t solve the myste、ryQ: Are the local people scared?A: No, actually, they aren 、They'li t ke the lights 、And every year in early September there ' s abig town festival to celebrate the mystery lights 、Audio Track 25151、That man seems angry、2、She speaks French、3、Your sister looks tired 、4、He practices the piano every day 、5、My aunt always watches the news 、6、My friend knows the answer 、Audio Track 2516/Audio Track 2517Stye: Do you know the Dodd Diamond?Frye: Of course! The museum owns it 、Stye: Not anymore! Someone stole it last night!Frye: Really? How did it happen?Stye: Well, it ' s unlikely the criminal walked into the、roomThere ' s an alarm on the flo、orFrye: But there ' s no alarm for the sk、ylightStye: You ' re right! I bet the cmriinal climbed down a rope 、Then he took the diamond without touching the floor! Audio Track 2518A: I love chocolate 、B: There's a good chance that's true、I know you like sweets 、You probably like chocolate, too 、A: My family has moved house six times 、B: It doesn't seem possible 、A: Why do you say that?B: I've known you since we were kids 、Audio Track 2519A: Do you believe that Bruno Hauptmann was the real kidnapper?B: I doubt that he was 、Nobody's likely to be so silly to leave all the evidence there for people to find 、Besides, he never made a confession, did he?A: If it wasn ' t him …it could have been Betty GWOW do you think?B: Well, it ' s unlikely that she、didSithe loved the baby、She even fainted at the trial、A: That ' s t、rueThen it could have been Ernie Brinkert 、B: Why do you think it could be him?A: Well, he ' s Violet Sharpe '、s bHoeyfrkineenwd about the Lindberghs 、It ' s quite possible thathe made a secret plan with his girlfriend to kidnap the baby for money 、B: That ' s nonse、nsHeis girlfriend had an alibi 、She wasn ' t in the house on the day the baby was kidnapped、A: Maybe that was part of the secret plan 、Perhaps she was purposefully out of the house、B: Well, possibly 、But Ernie ' s handwriting didn ' t match the kidnapp、erHow ca'n syonuote explain that?A: I dare say that was also part of the plan、He could have deliberately written the note in a handwriting that is different to normal 、B: It doesn ' t seem po、ssibHlee couldn ' t possibly have fooled the co、urtVideo CourseVideo Track 251Agnes: When I was visiting my grandfather in his village I witnessed a very strange event 、It wasn' t rainingand the women of the village went to a special place to make the rain fall 、And that night it rained 、Dave: There ' s a strange tale in MexicooaubtLa Llorona who is a woman who wanders the streets weeping for her dead sons、When there is a strong wind they say you can hear La Llorona 、Catherine: In New Jersey there ' s a thing or a monster called the 、” They s“ayJiet rsey'Desvvilerybig and hairy but also very sneaky and that it moves from tree to tree 、Lourdes: My favorite mysteries are about UFOs, which means Unidentified Flying Objects 、I ' mnot sure if the UFOs are real or if they are a hoax, but I would like to think that they are real 、Alejandra: One of the mysteries that I find interesting and has not been solved yet is the one of thePyramids 、 How they made them 、How they brought in those very heavy pieces of stone to build the Pyramids 、 Calum: My advisor and my teacher told us that the dorm that we lived in was haunted, and one time late at night all the lights turned off suddenly and it was very strange and quite scary 、Video Track 252Agnes: When I was visiting my grandfather in his village I witnessed a very strange event wasn 't ra in g and the women of the village went to a special place to make the rain fall、 that night it rained 、Calum: My advisor and my teacher told us that the dorm that we lived in was haunted, and one time late at night all the lights turned off suddenly and it was very strange and quite scary 、 Video Track 253Roberto: Does anybody know why Tara asked us to e here today?Takeshi: She said something about solving a crime and arresting a criminal 、Claudia: Arresting a criminal?Tara: Yes, a criminal 、Takeshi: Hey, Tara 、 Nice hat!Tara: Someone in this room has mitted a crime 、All: What? e on 、 What are you talking about?Tara: A theft 、 Someone ate Sunhee 's yogurt!Sunhee: Well, my yogurt is missing 、 But it ' s 、OKIt 's only yogu 、rtTara: It starts with yogurt 、 Next time it ' s your cookies, your ice cream… who knows where it will end?Sunhee: OK 、、、 OK 、 Go on 、Tara: It 's very likely one of you did it because you all have a key to this apartm 、entTakeshi: I only use my key for emergencies And besides, you live here, you have a key … maybe you took it … Tara: I 'm the detective, I didn 、 N o 'w 、t d oT iht e thief worked calmly, quietly, and very neatly 、 Note the weapon 、 (holds up spoon) Clean and dry 、Roberto: I didn '、tdohtave an alibi 、 I was out of town last week ust got-h^me last night 、Tara: I know you didn 't do it, R 、obI earstoked you to e here today because you are a friend of the thief — Claudia! Claudia: What?Tara: Confess! You 're always too busy to go shopping! You didn '、t hYaovuewaenryeyogurt hungry 、 It was late! You waited until everyone went to bed and then you slowly entered the kitchen, you made sure no one was there, then you carefully took this spoon and — very quietly — opened the refrigerator door and ate Sunhee's yogurt! Claudia: (jokingly) No! No! It 's not true!Mike: (enters apartment using key) Hey, everyone! (to Tara while taking spoon and walking towards fridge) Thanks 、 Nice hat! (to all while eating yogurt) What 's up?It AndVideo Track 254Roberto: Does anybody know why Tara asked us to e here today?Takeshi: She said something about solving a crime and arresting a criminal 、Claudia: Arresting a criminal?Tara: Yes, a criminal、Takeshi: Hey, Tara、Nice hat!Tara: Someone in this room has mitted a crime 、All: What? e on 、What are you talking about?Tara: A theft、Someone ate Sunhee 's yogurt!Sunhee: Well, my yogurt is missing 、But it ' s、OKIt 's only yogu、rtTara: It starts with yogurt、Next time it ' s your cookies, your ice cream … who knows where it will end?Sunhee: OK … O、K Go on、Video Track 255Tara: It 's very likely one of you did it because you all have a key to this apartm、entTakeshi: I only use my key for emergencies And besides, you live here, you have a key … maybe you took it …Tara: I 'm the detective, I didn 、N o 'w 、t d oT iht e thief worked calmly, quietly, and very neatly 、Note the weapon、(holds up spoon) Clean and dry、Roberto: I didn '、tdoIhitave an alibi、I was out of town last week … just got home 、last night Tara: I know you didn 't do it, R、obI earstoked you to e here today because you are a friend of the thief —Claudia! Video Track 256Claudia: What?Tara: Confess! You 're always too busy to go shopping! You didn '、t hYaovuewaenryeyogurthungry、It was late! You waited until everyone went to bed and then you slowly entered the kitchen, you made sure no one was there, then you carefully took this spoon and —very quietly —opened the refrigerator door and ate Sunhee 's yogurt!Claudia: (jokingly) No! No! It 's not true!Mike: (enters apartment using key) Hey, everyone! (to Tara while taking spoon and walking towards fridge) Thanks 、Nice hat! (to all while eating yogurt) What's up?Audio Track 2520One day, Tara found that someone had eaten Sunhee's yogurt without notice、So, she asked everyone to help her solve this 、“”crSimh e thought that it was very likely that one of her friendsstole Sunhee 's yobgeucratuse they all had a key to the apartment、While Sunhee the owner was quite calm and generous about the missing yogurt, Tara got serious about the matter、She warned everyone that a misdemeanor might gradually bee a real crime if it were not checked at the start 、She seemed to be determined to solve the crime, though in a humorous way、She accused Takeshi first, but he denied it 、While Tara was showing everyonethe “weapoanc”lean—,dry spoon —Roberto said that he had an alibi and hadn it、Tar'a st adiodnsehe knew he hadn 't done it and thatClaudia had done it! Just as Claudia was protesting that it wasn't true, Mike suddenly walked in、He calmly went to the refrigerator, took out some yogurt, and ate it! Finally everyone came to know who the “thief ” rea、lly was。
【解析】TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
现在大家在进行托福备考时TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
那么，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天三立在线教育托福网在这里整理了TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文分享给大家，希望大家在备考托福时能有所帮助。
TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文文本：First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge，expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong. Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Teammembers who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team’s overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone. TPO2托福综合写作听力原文文本：Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.On virtually every team, some members got almost a "free ride" ... they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well ... the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were askedhow they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along. On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said "That will never work" about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed. And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was "highly creative. " And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.TPO2托福综合写作题目说明及答案要点：Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and theirrelationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made reading passage.TPO2托福综合写作满分范文：The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality. First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who worked hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, they weren’t given the opportunity to "shine". This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed more time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision making. This was another place where experience contradicted theory. Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory or failure. If the influent people are going in the right direction therewould be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might become less flexible in its thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed. 以上就是三立在线教育托福网为大家整理了TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，大家可以边借助TPO模考软件听音频看看自己哪些地方听不懂，然后来看看原文，同时对练习托福听力精听也是很有帮助的。
2019年TPO2托福听力Lecture3原文文本
2019年TPO2托福听力Lecture3原文文本TPO2托福听力Lecture3原文文本AristotleProfessor: OK, another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle—Aristotle’s ethical theory. What Aristotle’s ethical theory is all about is this: he’s trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is. Now, why is he interested in human happiness? It’s not just because it’s something that all people want or aim for. It’s more than that. But to get there we need to first make a very important distinction.Let me introduce a couple of technical terms: extrinsic value and intrinsic value. To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need to understand this distinction. Some things we aim for and value, not for themselves but for what they bring about in addition to themselves. If I value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will call “extrinsic value. ”Other things we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone. If we value something not as a means to something else, but for its own sake, let us say that it has “intrinsic value.”Exercise, there may be some people who value exercise for itself, but I don’t. I value exercise because if I exercise, I tend to stay healthier than I would if I didn’t. So I desire to engage in exercise and I valueexercise extrinsically, not for its own sake, but as a means to something beyond it. It brings me good health.Health, why do I value good health? Well, here it gets a little more complicated for me. Um, health is important for me because I can’t…do other things I want to do—play music, teach philosophy—if I’m ill. So health is important to me—has value to me—as a means to a productive life. But health is also important to me because I just kind of like to be healthy—it feels good. It’s pleasant to be healthy, unpleasant not to be. So to some degree, I value health both for itself and as a means to something else: productivity. It’s got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me.Then there’s some things that are just valued for themselves. I’m a musician, not a professional musician; I just play a musical instrument for fun. Why do I value playing music? Well, like most amateur musicians, I only play because, well, I just enjoy it. It’s something that’s an end in itself.Now, something else I value is teaching. Why? Well, it brings in a modest income, but I could make more money doing other things. I’d do it even if they didn’t pay me. I just enjoy teaching. In that sense it’s an end to itself. But teaching’s not something that has intrinsic value for all people—and that’s true generally.Most things that are enjoyed in and of themselves vary from person to person. Some people value teaching intrinsically, but others don’t. So。
托福TPO2听力原文
TPO2 听力原文备注：TPO2听力来自托福OG，上面附有正确的听力文本。
Conversation 1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.StudentUh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. I know your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something.ProfessorSure, John. What did you want to talk about?StudentWell, I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester—about climate variations.ProfessorOh, yes. You were looking at variations in climate in the Grant City area, right? How far along have you gotten?StudentI’ve got all my data, so I’m starting to summarize it now, preparing graphs and stuff. But I’m just. . . I’m looking at it and I’m afraid that it’s not enough, but I’m not sure what else to put in the report.ProfessorI hear the same thing from every student. You know, you have to remember now that you’re the expert on what you’ve done. So, think about what you’d need to include if you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject, like . . . like your parents. That’s usually my rule of thumb: would my parents understand this?StudentOK. I get it.ProfessorI hope you can recognize by my saying that how much you do know about the subject.StudentRight. I understand. I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journalyou suggested I keep.ProfessorYes, definitely. You should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was through time. So, just set up, you know, what was the purpose of what you were doing—to try to understand the climate variability of this area—and what you did, and what your approach was.StudentOK. So, for example, I studied meteorological records; I looked at climate charts; I used different methods for analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests; and then I discuss the results. Is that what you mean?ProfessorYes, that’s right. You should include all of that. The statistical tests are esp ecially important. And also be sure you include a good reference section where all your published and unpublished data came from, ‘cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data.StudentHmm . . . something just came into my mind and went out the other side.ProfessorThat happens to me a lot, so I’ve come up with a pretty good memory management tool. I carry a little pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget. For example, I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son last week and we knew we wouldn’t remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor, so we actually made a list of five things we wanted answers to.StudentA notepad is a good idea. Since I’m so busy now at the end of the semester, I’m getting pretty forgetful these days. OK. I just remembered what I was trying to say before.ProfessorGood. I was hoping you’d come up with it.StudentYes. It ends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant City area, so I also included some regional data in the report. With everything else it should be a pretty good indicator of the climate in this part of the state.ProfessorSounds good. I’d be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy, if you wish.StudentGre at. I’ll plan to get you a draft of the paper by next Friday. Thanks very much. Well, see ya.ProfessorOK.TPO2 Lecture 1 PsychologyNarratorListen to part of a psychology lecture. The professor is discussing behaviorism. ProfessorNow, many people consider John Watson to be the founder of behaviorism. And like other behaviorists, he believed that psychologists should study only the behaviors they can observe and measure. They’re not interested in mental processes. While a person could describe his thoughts, no one else can see or hear them to verify the accuracy of his report. But one thing you can observe is muscular habits. What Watson did was to observe muscular habits because he viewed them as a manifestation of thinking. One kind of habits that he studied are laryngeal habits.Watson thought laryngeal habits . . . you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box . . . he thought those habits were an expression of thinking. He argued that for very young children, thinking is really talking out loud to oneself because they talk out loud even if they’re not trying to communicate with someone in particular. As the individual matures, that overt talking to oneself becomes covert talking to oneself, but thinking still shows up as a laryngeal habit. One of the bits of evidence that supports this is that when people are trying to solve a problem, they, um, typically have increased muscular activity in the throat region. That is, if you put electrodes on the throat and measure muscle potential—muscle activity—you discover that when people are thinking, like if they’re diligently trying to solve a problem, that there is muscular activity in the throat region.So, Watson made the argument that problem solving, or thinking, can be defined as a set of behaviors—a set of responses—and in this case the response he observed was the throat activity. That’s what he means when he calls it a laryngeal habit. Now, as I。
TPO2-TASK3
(Woman): Well,at least they are adding more parking, it has gotten really tough to find a space.
(Man): That is the other part I do not like, actually.Cutting back the bus service and adding parking just encourage more students to drive oncampus and that just adds to noise around campus and create more traffic. And that 'II increase the need for more parking spaces.
(Woman): Yeah, I guessI can see your point. Maybe it would be better if more students use the buses instead of driving.
考满分出品 TPO 综合写作阅读及听力文本
TPO综合写作阅读及听力文本校对：王子睿杨小飞TPO1[Reading Passage]In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company profits.For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.[Lecture]Professor:Offering employees the option of a four-day workweek won't affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests.First, offering a four-day workweek will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding new workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether an employee works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs would quickly cut into company profits.Second, with respect to overall employment, it doesn't follow that once some employees choose a four-day workweek, many more jobs will become available. Hiring new workers is costly, as I argued a moment ago. And companies have other options. They might just choose to ask theiremployees to work overtime to make up the difference. Worse, companies might raise expectations. They might start to expect that their four-day employees can do the same amount of work they used to do in five days. If this happens, then no additional jobs will be created and current jobs will become more unpleasant.Finally, while a four-day workweek offers employees more free time to invest in their personal lives, it also presents some risks that could end up reducing their quality of life. Working a shorter week can decrease employees' job stability and harm their chances for advancing their careers. Four-day employees are likely to be the first to lose their jobs during an economic downturn. They may also be passed over for promotions because companies might prefer to have five-day employees in management positions to ensure continuous coverage and consistent supervision for the entire workweek.TPO2[Reading Passage]In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge，expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team’s overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone.[Lecture]ProfessorNow I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.On virtually every team, some members got almost a "free ride" . . . they didn't contribute muchat all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well . . . the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along.On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said "That will never work" about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed.And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was "highly creative." And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.TPO3[Reading]Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made ofseveral pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood. For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.[Lecture]ProfessorEverything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original painting could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".TPO4[Reading]Endotherms are animals such as modern birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37°C, no matter whether the environment is warm or cold. Because dinosaurs were reptiles, and modern reptiles are not endotherms, it was long assumed that dinosaurs were not endotherms. However, dinosaurs differ in many ways from modem reptiles, and there is now considerable evidence that dinosaurs were, in fact, endotherms.Polar dinosaursOne reason for believing that dinosaurs were endotherms is that dinosaur fossils have beendiscovered in Polar Regions. Only animals that can maintain a temperature well above that of the surrounding environment could be active in such cold climates.Leg position and movementThere is a connection between endothermy and the position and movement of the legs. The physiology of endothermy allows sustained physical activity, such as running. But running is efficient only if an animal's legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the body's sides, as they are for crocodiles and many lizards. The legs of all modern endotherms are underneath the body, and so were the legs of dinosaurs. This strongly suggests that dinosaurs were endotherms.Haversian canalsThere is also a connection between endothermy and bone structure. The bones of endotherms usually include structures called Haversian canals. These canals house nerves and blood vessels that allow the living animal to grow quickly, and rapid body growth is in fact a characteristic of endothermy. The presence of Haversian canals in bone is a strong indicator that the animal is an endotherm, and fossilized bones of dinosaurs are usually dense with Haversian canals.[Lecture]ProfessorMany scientists have problems with the arguments you read in the passage. They don't think those arguments prove that dinosaurs were endotherms.Take the polar dinosaur argument. When dinosaurs lived, even the Polar Regions, where dinosaur fossils have been found, were much warmer than today, warm enough during part of the year for animals that were not endotherms to live. And during the months when the Polar Regions were cold, the so-called polar dinosaurs could have migrated to warmer areas or hibernated like many modern reptiles do. So the presence of dinosaur fossils in Polar Regions doesn't prove the dinosaurs were endotherms.Well, what about the fact that dinosaurs have their legs placed under their bodies, not out to the side like crocodiles? That doesn't necessarily mean dinosaurs were high-energy endotherms built for running. There is another explanation for having legs under the body. This body structure supports more weight, so with the legs under their bodies, dinosaurs can grow to a very large size. Being large had advantages for dinosaurs, so we don't need the idea of endothermy and running to explain why dinosaurs evolved to have their legs under their bodies.Ok, so how about bone structure? Many dinosaur bones do have Haversian canals, that's true. The dinosaur bones also have growth rings. Growth rings are thickening of the bone that indicates periods of time when the dinosaurs weren't rapidly growing. These growth rings are evidence that dinosaurs stopped growing or grew more slowly during cooler periods. This pattern of periodic growth, you know, rapid growth followed by no growth or slow growth, and then rapid growth again, is characteristic of animals that are not endotherms. Animals that maintain a constant body temperature year-round as true endotherms do grow rapidly even when theenvironment becomes cool.TPO5[Reading]As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses", massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.[Lecture]ProfessorUnfortunately none of the arguments about what the Chaco great houses were used for is convincing.First, sure, from the outside, the great houses look like later and Native American apartment buildings, but the inside of the great houses casts serious doubt on the idea that many people lived there. I'll explain. If hundreds of people were living in the great houses, then there would have to be many fireplaces, where each family did its daily cooking, but there are very few fireplaces. In one of the largest great houses, there were fireplaces for only around ten families. Yet there were enough rooms in the great house for more than a hundred families, so the primary function of the houses couldn't have been residential.Second, the idea that the great houses were used to store grain maize is unsupported by evidence. It may sound plausible that large empty rooms were used for storage, but excavations of the great houses have not uncovered many traces of maize or maize containers. If the great houses were used for storage, why isn't there more spilled maize on the floor? Why aren't there more remains of big containers?Third, the idea that the great houses were ceremonial centers isn't well supported either. You know that mound at Pueblo Alto? It contains lots of other materials besides broken pots, stuff you wouldn't expect from ceremonies. For example, there are large quantities of building materials, sands, stones, even construction tools. This suggests that the mound is just a trash heap of construction material, stuff that was thrown away or not used up when a house was being built. The pots in the pile could be regular trash too, leftover from the meals of the construction workers. So the Pueblo Alto mound is not good evidence that the great houses were used for special ceremonies.TPO 6[Reading]Communal online encyclopedias represent one of the latest resources to be found on the Internet. They are in many respects like traditional printed encyclopedias collections of articles on various subjects. What is specific to these online encyclopedias, however, is that any Internet user can contribute a new article or make an editorial change in an existing one. As a result, the encyclopedia is authored by the whole community of Internet users. The idea might sound attractive, but the communal online encyclopedias have several important problems that make them much less valuable than traditional, printed encyclopedias.First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributions partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. Traditional encyclopedias are written by trained experts who adhere to standards of academic rigor that nonspecialists cannot really achieve.Second, even if the original entry in the online encyclopedia is correct, the communal nature of these online encyclopedias gives unscrupulous users and vandals or hackers the opportunity to fabricate, delete, and corrupt information in the encyclopedia. Once changes have been made to the original text, an unsuspecting user cannot tell the entry has been tampered with. None of this is possible with a traditional encyclopedia.Third, the communal encyclopedias focus too frequently, and in too great a depth, on trivial and popular topics, which creates a false impression of what is important and what is not. A child doing research for a school project may discover that a major historical event receives as much attention in an online encyclopedia as, say, a single long-running television program. The traditional encyclopedia provides a considered view of what topics toinclude or exclude and contains a sense of proportion that online "democratic" communal encyclopedias do not.[Lecture]Professor:The communal online encyclopedia will probably never be perfect, but that's a small price to pay for what it does offer. The criticisms in the reading are largely the result of prejudice against and ignorance about how far online encyclopedias have come.First, errors. It's hardly a fair criticism that encyclopedias online have errors. Traditional encyclopedias have never been close to perfectly accurate. If you are looking for a really comprehensive reference work without any mistakes, you are not going to find it, on or off line. The real point is that it's easy for errors in factual material to be corrected in an online encyclopedia. But with the printed and bound encyclopedia, the errors remain for decades.Second, hacking. Online encyclopedias have recognized the importance of protecting their articles from malicious hackers. One strategy they started using is to put the crucial facts in the articles that nobody disputes in a read-only format, which is a format that no one can make changes to. That way you are making sure that the crucial facts in the articles are reliable. Another strategy that's being used is to have special editors whose job is to monitor all changes made to the articles and eliminate those changes that are clearly malicious.Third, what's worth knowing about? The problem for traditional encyclopedias is that they have limited space, so they have to decide what's important and what's not. And in practice, the judgments of the group of academics that make these decisions don't reflect the great range of interests that people really have. But space is definitely not an issue for online encyclopedias. The academic articles are still represented in online encyclopedias, but there can be a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the great diversity of users' interests. The diversity of use in topics that online encyclopedias offer is one of their strongest advantages.TPO7[Reading]In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their products as eco-certified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive eco-certification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United States will do the same, for several reasons.First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the eco-certification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled 'new" or improved,'' American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.Second, eco-certified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn eco-certification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers. American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain eco-certificationThird, although some people claim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case—American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.[Listening]Well, despite what many people say, there is good reason to think that many American wood companies will eventually seek eco-certification for their wood products.First off, consumers in the United States don't treat all advertising the same. They distinguish between advertising claims that companies make about their own products and claims made by independent certification agencies. Americans have a lot of confidence in independent consumer agencies. Thus, ecologically-minded Americans are likely to react very favorably to wood products ecologically certified by an independent organization with an international reputation for trustworthiness.Second point, of course it’s true that American consumers care a lot about price, who doesn't? But studies of how consumers make decisions show that price alone determines consumers' decisions only when the price of one competing product is much higher or lower than another. When the price difference between two products is small, say, less than 5 percent, as is the case with certified wood, Americans often do choose on factors other than price. And Americans are becoming increasingly convinced of the value of preserving and protecting the environment.And third, US Wood companies should definitely pay attention to what’s going on in the wood business internationally. Not because of foreign consumers but because of foreign competition. As I just told you, there is a good chance that many American consumers will be interested in eco-certified products, and guess what? If American companies are slow capturing those customers, you can be sure that foreign companies will soon start crowding into the American market, offering eco-certified wood that domestic companies don't.TPO8[Reading]Toward the end of his life, the Chevalier de Seingalt (1725-1798) wrote a long memoir recountinghis life and adventures. The Chevalier was a somewhat controversial figure, but since he met many famous people, including kings and writers, his memoir has become a valuable historical source about European society in the eighteenth century. However, some critics have raised doubts about the accuracy of the memoir. They claim that the Chevalier distorted or invented many events in the memoir to make his life seem more exciting and glamorous than it really was.For example, in his memoir the Chevalier claims that while living in Switzerland, he was very wealthy, and it is known that he spent a great deal of money there on parties and gambling. However, evidence has recently surfaced that the Chevalier borrowed considerable sums of money from a Swiss merchant. Critics thus argue that if the Chevalier had really been very rich, he would not have needed to borrow money.Critics are also skeptical about the accuracy of the conversations that the Chevalier records in the memoir between himself and the famous writer Voltaire. No one doubts that the Chevalier and Voltaire met and conversed. However, critics complain that the memoir cannot possibly capture these conversations accurately, because it was written many years after the conversations occurred. Critics point out that it is impossible to remember exact phrases from extended conversations held many years earlier.Critics have also questioned the memoir's account of the Chevalier's escape from a notorious prison in Venice, Italy. He claims to have escaped the Venetian prison by using a piece of metal to make a hole in the ceiling and climbing through the roof. Critics claim that while such a daring escape makes for enjoyable reading, it is more likely that the Chevaliers jailers were bribed to free him. They point out that the Chevalier had a number of politically well-connected friends in Venice who could have offered a bribe.[Listening]Professor:No memoir can possibly be correct in every detail, but still, the Chevalier's memoir is pretty accurate overall, and is, by and large, a reliable historical source. Let's look at the accuracy of the three episodes mentioned in the reading.First, the loan from the merchant. Well, that doesn't mean that the Chevalier was poor. Let me explain. We know that in Switzerland, the Chevalier spent huge amounts of money on parties and gambling, and he had wealth. But it was a kind of property you have to sell first to get money. So it usually took a few days to convert his assets into actual money. So when he ran out of cash, he had to borrow some while he was waiting for his money to arrive, but that's not being poor.Second, the conversations with Voltaire. The Chevalier states in his memoir that each night immediately after conversing with Voltaire, he wrote down everything he could remember about that particular night's conversation. Evidently the Chevalier kept his notes of these conversations for many years and referred to them when writing the memoir. Witnesses who lived with the Chevalier in his later life confirm that he regularly consulted notes and journals when composing。
托福TPO2听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO2听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO2听力Conversation1文本 Discussing Report With Professor Student: Uh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. I know your office hours are tomorrow, but I was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something. Professor: Sure, John. What did you want to talk about? Student: Well, I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester—about climate variations. Professor: Oh, yes, you were looking at variations in climate in the Grant City area, right? How far along have you gotten? Student: I’ve got all my data, so I’m starting to summarize it now, preparing graphs and stuff. But I’m just...I’m looking at it and I’m afraid that it’s not enough, but I’m not sure what else to put in the report. Professor: I hear the same thing from every student. You know, you have to remember now that you’re the expert on what you’ve done. So, think about what you’d need to include if you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject, like ...like your parents. That’s usually my rule of thumb: would my parents understand this? Student: OK, I get it. Professor: I hope you can recognize by my saying that how much you do know about the subject. Student: Right, I understand, I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journal you suggested I keep. Professor: Yes, definitely, you should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was through time. So, just set up, you know, what was the purpose of what you were doing—to try to understand the climate variability of this area—and what you did, and what your approach was. Student: OK, so, for example, I studied meteorological records. I looked at climate charts. I used different methods for analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests, and then I discuss the results. Is that what you mean? Professor: Yes, that’s right. You should include all of that. The statistical tests are especially important. And also be sure you include a good reference section where all your published and unpublished data came from, ‘cause you have a lot of unpublished climate data. Student: Hmm ...something just came into my mind and went out the other side. Professor: That happens to me a lot, so I’ve come up with a pretty good memory management tool. I carry a little pad with me all the time and jot down questions or ideas that I don’t want to forget. For example, I went to the doctor with my daughter and her baby son last week and we knew we wouldn’t remember everything we wanted to ask the doctor, so we actually made a list of five things we wanted answers to. Student: A notepad is a good idea. Since I’m so busy now at the end of the semester, I’m getting pretty forgetful these days. OK, I just remembered what I was trying to say before. Professor: Good, I was hoping you’d come up with it. Student: Yes, it ends up that I have data on more than just the immediate Grant City area, so I also included some regional data in the report. With everything else it should be a pretty good indicator of the climate in this part of the state. Professor: Sounds good. I’d be happy to look over a draft version before you hand in the final copy, if you wish. Student: Great, I’ll plan to get you a draft of the paper by next Friday. Thanks very much, well, see ya. Professor: OK. 托福TPO2听力Conversation1题目 1.Why does the man go to see his professor? a) To borrow some charts and graphs from her b) To ask her to explain some statistical procedures c) To talk about report he is writing d) To discuss a grade he got on a paper。
2019年TPO2托福听力Lecture4原文文本
2019年TPO2托福听力Lecture4原文文本TPO2托福听力Lecture4原文文本Bode’s LawProfessor: OK, let’s get going. Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered. And ...I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, ...6, ...12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.Female student: Multiplying by 2?Professor: Right, I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be…Female student: 48.Professor: 48, then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 …How am I getting this second row?Male Student: Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.Professor: I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.Female Student: Putting in a decimal?Professor: Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury...Venus...Earth...Mars. So, what do the numbersmean? Do you remember from the reading?Male Student: Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?Professor: Right, in astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by ...6 or 7 percent or so. It’s ...but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern is known as Bode’s Law.Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago. Well, you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2. 8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um ...but there wasn’t anything obvious there, in the early telescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of ...?Female Student: Another planet?Professor: The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on。
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit2
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案Unit 2Unit 2Task 1【答案】1) b 2) a 3) d【原文】Texas was the biggest state before Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959. One good way to understand the size of Texas is to learn about its weather. Different parts of the state have very different kinds of weather.Laredo is one of the hottest cities in the United States in summer. The best time to visit Laredo is in winter, when it is pleasantly warm.Amarillo gets very cold in winter. Sometimes there is more snow in Amarillo than in New York, which is a northern city. Summers are better, but sometimes it gets quite hot. The best time to visit Amarillo is in the autumn when it is cool.If anyone asks you about the weather in Texas, ask him, “What part of Texas do you mean？”Task 2【答案】A.1)T 2) F 3) FB.1) d 2) c 3) cC.climate, reputation, extraordinary, unreliable, dry, wet, clear, dull, hot, cold, bad, mild【原文】Our friend, Nick, whose English gets better and better, declared solemnly the other day that he thought that the British climate was wonderful, but the British weather was terrible. He went on to explain by pointing out that the British climate was a temperate one. This meant, he said, "that you could always be certain that the weather would never be extreme — at any rate not for any length of time — never very hot and never very cold." He quite rightly pointed out that the rainfall in Britain, according to the statistics, was not very heavy. "Why then," he asked, "has the British climate such a bad reputation?" He answered by saying it was because of the extraordinary, unreliable weather. There was no part of the year at which you could be certain that the weather would be dry or wet, clear or dull, hot or cold. A bad day in July could be as cold as a mild day in January. Indeed you could feel cold at almost any time of the year. Nick blamed drafty British houses for this, but agreed you could also blame the small amount of sunshine and a great amount of dampness. He advised every student coming to Britain to bring an umbrella and to understand the meaning of that splendid word "drizzle".Task 3【答案】I.the country; Trees, grass, lakes and steamsII.A.1. concrete, iron, steel2. take in the heat during the day and throw off heat into the air at nightB. Warmer winters, car engines; electrical applianceⅢ.A. air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earthB.1. Ice near the North and South poles to melt2. to be slowly flooded and people living in these cities to move to higher land【原文】Cities change the climate around you. In the country, there are trees, grass, lakes, and streams. In hot weather, the trees and grass cool the area around them. Lakes and rivers also cool the area around them.But cities are not cooled in these natural ways. Cities are built of asphalt, concrete, iron, and steel. There are few trees and usually not much grass. Rain falls onto the streets and into the sewers.When the summer sun shines, streets and buildings take in the heat; after the sun sets, the streets and buildings throw off heat into the street. Once the sun sets, the countryside cools off, but a city may stay hot all night.Cities are hotter than the countryside in winter, too. Standing near a car with its motor running, winter or summer, you will feel the heat thrown off by the engine. The heat comes from the gasoline burned by the engine. This heat warms the air and the ground around the car. Thousands of running cars are almost like thousands of small fires burning.Carefully put your hand near a light bulb or television set. As you can see, electricity creates a lot of heat. This heat from electricity warms the house and the outside air.The heat given off by cities can affect the climate. Some experts even believe that cities can change the climate of the whole world. They think that air pollution may stop sunlight from reaching the earth. If less sunshine reaches the earth, the earth may become cooler.Still other experts think the world will get warmer. If the world did get warmer, great changes would occur. Ice near the North and South poles would melt. This would make the oceans rise. Cities near oceans — like Los Angeles, Boston, and Miami — would slowly be flooded. People living in these cities would have to move to higher land.Task 4【答案】A.1) b 2) cB. night, delight; morning, warning; gray, way, red, headC.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】A red sky at either dusk or dawn is one of the spectacular and beautiful weather predictors we have in nature. By closely observing this phenomenon, you can achieve short-range accuracy of the weather as good as, or better than your local weatherman. In the Bible, Jesus in Matthew 16, 2-3 is quoted as saying, “When it is evening, it will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning it will be foul weather today: for the sky is red” when speaking to the Pharisees. An old English weather proverb based on this passage is:Red sky at night, sailors delight.Red sky at morning, sailors take warning.OrEvening red and morning gray,Sends the traveler on his way.Evening gray, morning red,Brings the rain down on his head.At dusk, a red sky indicates that dry weather is on the way. This is due to the sun shining through dust particles being pushed ahead of a high pressure system bringing in dry air. A red sky in the morning is due to the sun again shining through dust. In this case however, the dust is being pushed on by an approaching low reassure system bringing in moisture. Don't confuse a red sky in the morning with a red sun in the morning. If the sun itself is red and the sky is a normal color, the day will be fair.Task 5【答案】1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c【原文】Mark: I am an avid fly fisherman and frequently find myself on the river in a raft during lightning storms. We always have a debate at these times on where weare safest — pulling into shore or staying on the water. Since I have heard oneis safe in a car when lightning strikes I wonder if the raft floating on the wateris insulated, and therefore the safest place to be.Meteorologist A: We spoke with some scientists about your question, and they all agreed that under no circumstances should you remain on the water during a lightningstorm. If your raft is made of rubber, you might feel that you're .well insulated,but don't kid yourself. Typical lightning flashes travel 10 to 15 kilometers andcan deliver as much as 100,000 amps of current. In comparison, a toaster usesabout 10 amps of current. If lightning strikes the water near you, it will have notrouble traveling through a few extra centimeters of rubber.Meteorologist B: So, if you're on the water and a thunderstorm approaches, get to the shore and seek shelter on land. Try a building or car. If neither is available, look for a cave,cliff, wall, or a group of trees. Never take shelter under an isolated tree-it's also agood target for lightning.Task 6【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) TB.Incredible, one minute, one kilometer, destroyed, lifted up, carried away, killed, injured【原文】Every spring and summer many inland areas are hit by tornados. A tornado is a kind of storm. It's a revolving, funnel-shaped column of air that moves through the sky at very high speeds. A tornado looks like a huge, black ice cream cone whirling through the sky. The speed of a tornado is very fast-it is believed to be between 200 and 700 kilometers per hour.Tornados form under very special weather conditions, and these special weather conditions occur most often in inland areas, such as the central United States. A tornado forms when a layer of warm, dry air is on top of a layer of cooler, moist air. This combination of dry, warm air above wet, cool air creates a condition that causes the lower layer of air to lift up. As the lower air rises, both layers of air begin to rotate, to turn around and around. The air begins to rotate faster and faster because of centrifugal force. The tornado has a center called an “eye” and the air rotates quickly around this eye.As the air begins to rotate faster and faster, the tornado cloud begins to grow downward; that is, it begins to form a funnel or cone, and this cone goes down toward the ground.The cone of air is dark because it develops from a dark rain cloud. As the cloud gets longer, as the cloud gets closer to the ground, it begins to pull up dirt from the ground. Then the funnel of rotating air becomes very dark because of the dirt in it. As the tornado funnel gets longer, it begins to drag along the ground.When the tornado touches the ground, it does incredible damage. It usually touches the ground for only about one minute, and it usually travels along the ground for only about one kilometer, but during that one minute, buildings are destroyed, trees are lifted up out of the ground, small objects are carried away, and sometimes people are injured or killed.Task 7【答案】A.1) b 2) a 3) bB.1) It has been nice weather during the day, but it is going to change at night.2) Fine weather in southern Europe and not so nice in northern EuropeFor todaySoutheast England---26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoonSouthern Scotland---Maximum temperatures of around 21 degreesBrighton---15 hours of lovely sunshineMidlands---23 degrees Celsius by early afternoonNorthwest of Scotland---Light showers around middayFor the weekendSpain---34 degrees CelsiusGreece---32 degrees CelsiusFrance---Cloudy with rain, maximum temperatures of 22 degreesNorthern Ireland---Heavy rain, 17 degrees CelsiusMost of England---Cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods, 23 degrees Celsius【原文】Radio Announcer: You’re listening to Radio Metro. It’s two minutes to nine, and time for the latest weather for cast from Dan Francis at the London Weather Centre.Francis: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in southeast England reached 26 degrees Celsius by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had 15 hours of lovely sunshine. Further north it was a little cooler with maximum temperatures of around 21 degrees in southern Scotland, and in the far northwest of Scotland there were some light showers around midday. But the rest of the country, as I said, has been warm and dry with temperatures in theMidlands reaching 23 degrees Celsius by early afternoon though it was a little cooler along the west coast and in Northern Ireland. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than 15 degrees in the south, a little cooler — 11degrees or so — in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly to leave a mild, dry night there too.And now the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will, once again, get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of 34 degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to 32 degrees Celsius in Greece and southeast Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain, and maximum temperatures will be around 22 degrees — very disappointing for this time of the year.Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool 17 degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out, temperatures could rise to a maximum of 23 degrees.Task 8【原文】As the air pressure around you either rises or falls, many changes in nature occur. Most of these are very obvious changes while others are of a more subtle nature.Mountains and other far away objects will appear to be much closer and more sharply focused as wet weather approaches and the air pressure drops. The dust particles in the air begin to settle to the ground and the air clears, allowing you to see more details of faraway objects. As a high pressure front approaches and the air becomes “thicker,” more dust particles become suspended in air and things take on their normal somewhat hazy appearance.“Sharp horns on the moon threaten bad weather.” This and a bright, clear moon are good indicators that wet weather is on the way. As the air clears of dust particles ahead of a low pressuresystem, the moon appears to come closer and be more sharply focused due to the lack of dust.Sound also becomes sharper and more focused prior to stormy weather. Instead of traveling upward and outward into the atmosphere sound waves are bent back to the earth and their range extended. Bird calls sound sharper, and, at my house, we can hear the blowing of the train horn as it rumbles through the valley below.If you find yourself out in a marsh or swamp and the air really seems to stink more than normal, expect rainy weather. This happens when the pressure drops and the methane trapped on the bottom of the swamp is released in greater quantities. In reverse, as fair weather approaches and the pressure rises, things won't smell quite so strong.Birds and bats have a tendency to fly much lower to the ground right before a rain due to the “thinning” of the air. They prefer to fly where the air is the most dense and they can get greater lift with their wings. With high pressure and dry air, the atmosphere becomes denser and they can easily fly at higher altitudes.Smoke rising straight into the air means fair weather and smoke hanging low means rain is on the way. This is pretty much the same as with the birds and methane in the swamp. When high pressure approaches, smoke will rise whereas with low pressure it can't rise and tends to lay low.Remember a grandparent talking about how their corns, bunions, or joints ached right before a rain? Again, this is due to the decreasing atmospheric pressure allowing the gas in our bodies to expand.Task 9【答案】A. Statements 3, 6, 7 are true.B.f—c—a—d—b—eC.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) FD.1) d 2) b【原文】It was 1974. Richard Nixon was still president. Kidnapped heiress Patty Hearst was still missing. In Xenia, a pretty spot of 25,000 people amid fields of soybeans and corn, American Graffiti was held over at the Cinema. The Xenia Hotel offered a chicken and dumpling dinner for $2.25, but everyone flocked to the A&W drive-in for burgers and root beer floats. That's where five of the bodies were found after the storm.In all, 33 people died in Xenia's tornado, the deadliest of 148 storms that raged through 13 states during the infamous "Super Outbreak'' of tornadoes April 3 to 4, 1974. In 16 hours and 10 minutes, 330 people were killed and nearly 5,550 were injured from Illinois to Georgia.Though the Xenia death toll has been matched by other killer storms, the degree of devastation makes the city's tornado among U.S. history's most destructive. The storm still is studied in colleges by aspiring meteorologists, a textbook case of a rare Category F-5, the most intense of tornadoes.On that fateful day, I was a young boy of 8 years old. We lived in the Arrowhead Subdivision. That afternoon I was around the corner playing with some neighbor kids. I thought I could hear my father calling me, so I ran back to the house. Thinking back now, there is no way I would havebeen able to hear him. I was too far away for a voice to have traveled in the afternoon noise. Besides, Dad had a very bad case of tonsillitis that day. Like I was saying, I went back home and got through the door just in time to answer the ringing phone. On the other end of the phone was my Mother. Mom was working. She told me she heard a bad storm was on the way. She told me to make sure the garage door was shut and to stay inside. After I hung up the phone, I settled down to watch The Dennis Show. To this day I can vividly remember the electricity going out. I looked out the large window in the living room and didn't have a clue as to what I was looking at.Dad was asleep on the couch, so I woke him up to look. Dad looked and said to get into the bathroom. We sat on the floor. Dad had his back to the door and his feet pushing against the wall opposite the door. I remember that as soon as we sat down, the windows broke. Glass blew under the door, and the sound was tremendous. I know it really didn’t take too long for the tornado to go past, but I do remember the conversation we had in the process. I could feel the cool air rushing under the floor through the crawlspace vents. I asked if we were flying. He said he wasn't sure, but he didn't think we were. He said the house was tearing apart. I asked him how he knew. He said he just knew it was.When things calmed down, we opened the door. The odd feeling I had, looking up the street from inside what once was my hallway, is still with me today.I think back often to that day. I think back and wonder what would have happened if my Dad hadn't been sick that day. Like a lot of kids, I stayed home by myself after school back then. I seriously doubt I would be able to tell you my story, if I had been alone that day. I still live in Xenia and wouldn’t trade this town for any other.Task 10【原文】Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in winter. In Lhasa, the mildest city temperature may exceed 29C in summer while plummeting to -16C in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunlight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that the temperature extremes can be met in daytime and the same night respectively in Tibet. However it is not impossible to visit the holy snow land. April to October is the best time to visit Tibet, out of the coldest months, which are from December to February usually. The average temperature in north Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperature, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September is the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.。
psychology托福听力原文
psychology托福听力原文TPO2 Lecture 2 PsychologyNarrator : Listen to part of a lecture from a Botany class.Professor : Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I'll do my best to have them finished by the next time we meet.OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers. In particular, we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were very useful, not only in the textile industry, but also in the chemical industry, and in the production of many products, such as plastics, paper, explosives, and so on. Today we'll continue talking aboutuseful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as Manila hemp. Now, for some strange reason, many people believe that Manila hemp is a hemp plant.But Manila hemp is not really hemp. It's actually a member of the banana family- it even bears little banana-shaped fruits. The Manila part of the name makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, of course, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila. Now, as fibers go, Manila hemp fibers are very long. They can easily be several feet in length and they're also very strong, very flexible. They have one more characteristic that's very important, and that is that they are exceptionally resistant to salt water.And this combination of characteristics-long, strong, flexible, resistant to salt water-makes Manila hemp a great material for ropes, especially for ropes that are gonna be used on ocean-going ships. In fact, by the early 1940's, even though steel cables were available, most ships in the United States Navy were not moored with steel cables; they were moored with Manila hemp ropes. Now, why was that?Well, the main reason was that steel cables degrade very, very quickly in contact with salt water. If you've ever been to San Francisco, you know that the Golden Gate Bridge is red. And it's red because of the zinc paint that goes on those stainless steel cables. That, if they start at one end of the bridge and they work to the other end, by the time they finish, it's already time to go back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again, because the bridge was built with steel cables, and steel cables can't take the salt air unless they're treated repeatedly with a zinc-based paint. On the other hand, plant products like Manila hemp, you can drag through the ocean for weeks on end. If you wanna tie your anchor to it and drop it right into the ocean, that's no problem, because plant fibers can stand up for months, even years, in direct contact with salt water.OK. So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your hands and turn them into a rope that's strong enough to moor a ship that weighs thousands of tons? Well, what you do is you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant, and then you take several of these fibers, and you group them into a bundle, because by grouping the fibers you greatly increase theirbreaking strength-that bundle of fibers is much stronger than any of the individual fibers that compose it. And then you take that bundle of fibers and you twist it a little bit, because by twisting it, you increase its breaking strength even more. And then you take several of these little bundles, and you group and twist them into bigger bundles, which you then group and twist into even bigger bundles, and so on, until eventually, you end up with a very, very strong rope.。
tpo2综合写作听力文本
TPO2先来看看托福综合写作的阅读材料：In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.中文：在很多机构里，恰当完成一个新项目的最好方法可能是把一组人组织成一个团队。
一个团队来完成一个项目有几个优势。
First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues.翻译：首先，一组人员意味着有比任何一个个体拥有更为广泛的知识、技能以及技巧。
同时，因为有更多数量人员的介入和更多资源的占有，团队工作可以以更快的速度对任务作出反应。
同时，也能创造性地解决遇到的问题和争议。
Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.中文：由于在团队工作中个体无需承担风险，所以会倾向于作出冒险的决定。
《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案unit15
orts from the United Nations.It was the eighth straight year that the General Assembly's passed a resolution calling on the United States to lift its trade sanctions against Cuba, and as in past years, it was approved overwhelmingly. This year's vote was 155 to 2, with always the United States and Israel voting "No", and 8 nations abstaining. Ricardo Alacon, President of the Cuban National Assembly and formerly this nation's ambassador to the United Nations, repeatedly referred to "genocide" in arguing in favor of the resolution. Mr. Alacon also said Cuba will file a 100-billion-dollar lawsuit against the United States because of the embargo, but he did not say where such a lawsuit would be filed. The United States representative Peter Burly said the US embargo against Cuba is a matter of bilateral trade policy, and has no place in the UN General Assembly.Task 3【答案】A.1) T2) F3) T4) FB.1) Shelter for the Homeless2) a set of stamps/six stamps3) building homes4) information; the UN; government; institutions; worldwide【原文】Narrator: Since 1946, when the United Nations General Assembly recommended that inter-national arrangements be set up to promote and coordinate research and theex-change of information on housing, the United Nations has given increasingattention to the subject of human settlements. This year, the United Nationsobserves the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless. In commemoration ofthe year, the UN Postal Administration has released a special stamp issue. I recentlyspoke with Gisela Grunewald, Chief of the Postal Administration, who described theset and explained its significance.Grunewald: We issued six stamps in honor of the Intemational Year for Shelter for the Homeless, and these six stamps should really show the positive efforts that are being donearound the world to help the homeless and to find shelter for them. So what we areshowing on these six stamps are six different scenes that are aspects of buildinghomes. You have surveying the terrain; you have putting windows in a house; youhave the actual building of the walls and a number of steps in between, and the laststamp in this set actually shows one family that happily and proudly stands in frontof its new home. So, as I said initially, we like to portray the positive side and thesolutions that are proposed by the Organization when it is tackling a problem. Narrator: So, in a sense, it's a progression as seen from beginning to end.Grunewald: That is right. We know that the subject is shelter for the homeless, so the homelessness as such is not shown but the solutions to the problem of thehomelessness.Narrator: And what is the impact of such a stamp issue How can it really influence people's livesGrunewald: Well, one of the functions that United Nations stamps have is to inform the public about what the Organization is doing. So, the impact of these stamps will certainly beone of spreading information about the International Year. We have more than100,000 collectors throughout the world who will receive these stamps and they willget the information about this International Year with our stamps. Also, all thestamps which are going to be used to mail out mail from the three UN offices in NewYork, Geneva and Vienna will again send out the message that this is theInternational Year for Shelter for the Homeless, and will show that the UN is workingon this problem. As far as the homeless people themselves are concerned, I think theimpact of the stamps will be, again, by way of sensitizing and informing people aboutthe problem that this is something that has to be tackled by governments and byother institutions and that it is a worldwide problem.Task 4【答案】B.News Item 11) T2) FNews Item 23) F4) F【原文】News Item 1Tens of thousands of demonstrators in France have been taking part in marches in Paris and several other cities, protesting the level of unemployment and calling for higher welfare payments. The march is a part of the campaign that began last year with the occupation of Welfare Offices by the long-term unemployed. But as Steven Jasol, our Paris correspondent, explains, the marches may indicate that the protest movement is losing momentum.News Item 2Here in Britain about a quarter of a million people have taken part in a march through central London to demand more government action to deal with the problems of the countryside.A number of rural interest groups have been taking part--farmers, agriculture workers, hunters and village dwellers: The movement grew out of opposition to a proposal to ban fox hunting, a traditional rural sport. But it expanded to take in a number of issues.Task 5【答案】B.1) F2) T3) F4) T5) F6) F【原文】The United States won only one of the 24 gold medals awarded here on the final day, but still led all nations after 16 days of sporting events with 39 gold, 25 silver and 33 bronze medals for a total of 97. It's the first time outside of home soil since 1968 that the USA has topped the Olympic medals table. Russia was second with 32 gold, 28 silver and 28 bronze for a total of 88. China was third with 59, including 28 gold, 16 silver and 15 bronze. In all, 80 nations won at least one medal. The United States won medals in 22 sports led by the swimmers with 33, and the track-and-field team with 20. The US men's basketball team of NBA stars beat the French in the gold medal match on the final day 85 to 75, but the Americans know, after barely getting into the final with a 2-point win over Lithuania, the Olympic gold medal is no longer a guarantee. The final day of the Olympics was not without controversy: three athletes were disqualified by the IOC for positive drug tests; only one was a medalist, Armenian Arshed Danianian, who was stripped of his bronze in weight lifting.Task 6【答案】A.1) A strategic partnership agreement.2) It strengthens ties between the two countries in a variety of areas including security cooperation, diplomatic activity at the UN and trade and finance.3) A package of arms deals.4) First, they have agreed to an accord that will allow India to buy more diamonds from Russia. Second, India will get some advanced nuclear technology from Russia for its nuclear powerprojects.5) India hopes to reduce its dependence on imported oil.B.1) tanks; fighter bombers; aircraft carrier2) military hardware; three billion dollars3) low; longstanding ties4) importer; cutter; producer【原文】On the second day of Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to New Delhi, India and Russia have signed a strategic partnership agreement. VOA's Jim Teeple reports the object of the agreement is to seek peace, and failing that, sell guns.The strategic partnership agreement signed in New Delhi significantly strengthens ties between New Delhi and Moscow in a variety of areas, including security cooperation, diplomatic activity at the United Nations and trade and finance. Officials close to the talks say discussions are ongoing about a package of arms deals, which include T-90 tanks, Sukhoi fighter bombers and the acquisition of a Russian aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy. India buys more than 70 percent of its military hardware from Russia, and this year New Delhi increased its defense budget by an estimated three billion dollars. While arms deals will dominate the discussions, Indian officials also say they want to increase commercial trade with Russia. India's Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee says trade between the two countries is too low, considering their long-standing ties. Towards that end, Russia and India have agreed to an accord that will allow India, the world's largest importer and cutter of diamonds, to buy more diamonds from Russia, the world's largest producer. Indian officials are also eager to acquire — and Russia has reportedly agreed to supply — advanced nuclear technology to be used in the production of nuclear power for commercial purposes. India currently has 12 nuclear reactors and plans to build 16 more to lessen its dependence on imported oil.Task 7【答案】high; downturn; investment; reforms; terrorism; slowdown; percent; 8; similar; cars; houses; tours; internal; money; market; barriers; domestic【原文】China's government says its economy will continue growing briskly this year, even though much of the rest of the world is in an economic downturn. Chinese officials say they will boost internal demand, encourage investment, and push reforms to help sustain growth. In a meeting with reporters, China's top economic planner says the world's "complicated and volatile" economic problems could make growth more difficult for China. He says the war on terrorism and a slowdown in trade make it harder for China's manufacturers to export their goods.Speaking through a translator, Mr. Zeng says China's economy grew at about percent last year and will grow at a similar pace this year. "Facing this situation, I think, some friends may ask, 'When the world economic situation is not very good, can China still maintain the last year's growth' And I think, my answer is that we can continue to do so in the new year." China's growth rate slowed for much of the last year, but Mr. Zeng says he is "full of confidence" that China can continue the economic growth that has transformed much of the country.He says internal demand was up about 10 percent last year and urban incomes grew morethan 8 percent. Mr. Zeng also says foreign trade and foreign capital utilized both hit record highs for China. Mr. Zeng says this year China will encourage consumers to buy cars, build houses, go to school and take tours to boost internal demand. He says the government will further stimulate the economy by issuing bonds to raise money to bring paved roads, electricity and other services to poverty-stricken areas in China's West. Many economists have noted in the past that government spending has been responsible for most of China's growth in the past few years.Mr. Zeng says China's new membership in the World Trade Organization will afford exporters new access to other markets, and clear away tariff and other obstacles to China's market. He says the result will be an increase in foreign and domestic investment in China, which will help growth, Twenty years of economic reform and opening up to the outside world have more than doubled the size of China's economy and greatly increased the incomes of urban residents. Scholars say continued economic growth is important because it is a key to social stability in China by absorbing some of the country's millions of unemployed workers.Task 8【答案】1) invaluable; evolution; The Origin of the Species2) biological evolution; natural selection3) split; Soviet forces; Americans4) manned spacecraft; orbit【原文】Well, today is Wednesday, December 27, and on this day in history in 1831, British naturalist Charles Darwin set out from Plymouth, England, for a 5-year surveying expedition of the southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Visiting such diverse places as Brazil, the Galapagos Islands and New Zealand, Darwin acquired an intimate knowledge of the flora, fauna, wildlife and geology of many lands. The information proved invaluable in the development of his theory of evolution first put forth in his book The Origin of the Species. Darwin's theory of natural selection argues the species are the result of a gradual biological evolution of living organisms through natural selection.On this day in 1945, in the aftermath of WWⅡ, foreign ministers from the former Allied Nations of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain agreed to divide Korea into two separate occupation zones and govern the nation for five years. The country was split along the 38th Parallel with Soviet forces occupying the northern zone and Americans stationed to the South. During WWⅡ, the Allies promised independence to Korea, and in 1948, self-rule was granted with the establishment of two separate regimes in North and South Korea.On this day in 1968, the first manned mission to the moon returned safely to earth after a historic 6-day journey. Apollo 8, with astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, Jr., and WilliamAnders aboard, became the first manned spacecraft ever to enter an orbit around the moon.Task 9【答案】1) He was a suspect in connection with the "I Love You" computer virus that has damaged millions of computers worldwide.2) They seized the telephone, computer magazines and wiring.3) No.4) A Swedish teenager who was a computer whiz.【原文】The Philippine authorities have arrested a suspect in connection with the "I Love You" computer virus that's damaged millions of computers worldwide. Reomo Remonus was led away in handcuffs Monday following a raid in his Manila home. Criminal investigators seized the telephone, computer magazines and wiring from the residence. Police say his live-in girlfriend has agreed to mm herself in by Tuesday. The two suspects have not been charged with any crimes. In Stockholm, Swedish authorities said Mr. Remonus was caught after a tip from a Swedish teenager, who is a computer whiz.Task 10【答案】A.1) d)2) a)3) c)4) b)B.1) c2) b3) d4) aC.1) fallen; criticise; sensitive; confidence2) probe; question3) independent; so; forward; principal; broadcaster; envied; cherishedD.1) After the Kelly affair, the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned. The British government has the right to appoint the new leaders for the BBC. Moreover, although the BBC is funded by the payments from people who have TVs, The government is beginning a charter review of the system. Thus some people fear the BBC could try to please the government because it relies on the renewal of the charter for its funding.2) Alex Salmond questions the government's role in appointing senior executives for the BBC. He doubts whether the government can be impartial on this matter when the chairman and director general of the BBC resigned after the affair. Tony Blair says the BBC should be independent and impartial by questioning and probing the government in every proper way. Tessa Jowell insists that the BBC be constitutionally independent and continue to be so. For her,what is the most important is that the BBC, as the major public service broadcaster, continues moving forward after the affair.【原文】The BBC now finds two seats empty at its most senior managerial level —those of its chairman and its director general. Even though the resignations resulted from a conflict between the government and the corporation — it is now the government which will appoint a new BBC chairman. And it is that new chairman who will help appoint a new BBC director general. The Scottish National politician, Alex Salmond, is among those who question the government's role in filling the posts."Who on earth under the current circumstances is going to trust the Prime Minister to appoint a chairman of the board of governors, who'll then appoint the next director general Are we really to believe with the two top men at the BBC fallen because basically they'd dared to criticise the government on a sensitive issue, then this is going to be an appointment that's going to inspire public confidence"The BBC is funded by a fee paid by each household in the UK that has a television. The government is just beginning a review of that system —as it does once every ten years. The charter review, as it's called. Some fear the BBC could go too far in trying to please the government following the Kelly affair, because it relies upon the renewal of the charter for its funding.Following its battle with the BBC, the government knows it must avoid any perception that it's interfering with the corporation. In accepting the corporation's apology on Thursday, the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, made reference to the broadcaster's impartiality. He said the BBC should probe and question the government in every proper way. His Culture Minister, Tessa Jowell, who is overseeing the review of the BBC's charter, says it's impossible for the government to threaten the corporation's independence."The BBC is constitutionally independent and will continue to be so, and what is important now is that, in the wake of Gavin Davies's and Greg Dyke's resignations — honourable resignations —that the BBC moves forward and does so because it is the principal, most important, public service broadcaster in the country. It is envied around the world and it is cherished by the people of this country."Task 11【原文】Newspapers are one of the main sources from which we learn what is going on--in world politics, science, local government, the arts, fashion, food, education and sports. The papers we choose show our interests and usually the politics which we believe in. There are nine national daily newspapers in Britain, of which five are tabloids and four are quality papers. Do these newspapers realty serve the people they are written for Many people question the objectivity of newspapers. How objective are they We might be better able to judge if we understand how a newspaper is produced. Reporters, of course, are the source from which the facts must come, but there are many other people who are involved in and influence newspapers.。
tpo2综合写作
TPO 作文 2综合写作The reading material is mainly about the advantage of putting a people into a group of to work. The speaker, however ,totally contradicts with the author ’s opinion by providing evidence, efficiency, and personal aptitude.First of all, teamwork does not give everyone inthe group the equal right toget recognized.The speaker demonstrates that some people inthe groupmay get“free ride ”, although they do not contribute something to the final success, they may also be praised like anyone else. However, the real contributors, would not receive the recognitionthey deserve because the success is recognizedas a whole.The passage asserts that since the group as wider range of knowledge, it would definitely reach success. Therefore , the author is challenged by the speaker.Second, the efficiency of the work would be greatly reduced by the team. According to the lecturer, the members of the team hold different kind of view in many aspects, so it is rather difficult for them to reach an agreement without a lot of meetings, whichwouldtake a longtime. The readingindicates that teamwork isquicker than individual work.Lastbutnotleast, teamwork does notgiveeachmember of theteamthesameopportunity to show their personal aptitude. As the speaker point out, some very important people in the group will cause other people to drop the ideas whichthey disagree withregardless of the fact that they are actually debatable. Ontheother hand,they may convince people that plenty of the ideas are perfect and needs to be carried on immediately, regardless of some people ’s disagreement. But if the team do not accomplish the work successfully, it would be blamed as a whole. Therefore, the teamdoes notgive everyone the chance toshow themselves,as it is point out in the passage. Inaddition, the author ’s idea contradicts the professor ’s.。
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先来看看托福综合写作地阅读材料：
, . .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
中文：在很多机构里，恰当完成一个新项目地最好方法可能是把一组人组织成一个团队.一个团队来完成一个项目有几个优势.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
, , , . , , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
翻译：首先，一组人员意味着有比任何一个个体拥有更为广泛地知识、技能以及技巧.同时，因为有更多数量人员地介入和更多资源地占有，团队工作可以以更快地速度对任务作出反应.同时，也能创造性地解决遇到地问题和争议.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
. .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习中文：由于在团队工作中个体无需承担风险，所以会倾向于作出冒险地决定.这就导致了团队工作有时候可以创造性地解决问题.这是因为团队把团队决策地责任分摊给所有地成员了，这样地话，即使决策最后证明是错地，也不会有任何个体需要对此负责.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
. . , “”, , ’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习翻译：加入一个团队对于个体成员来说是一个非常荣耀地.对于那些能够影响决策地成员来说，毫无疑问，他们在团队行为中得来地决策快感要优于他们被动地接受别人指派任务时候地感受.同时，团队中地个人有更多“闪耀”地机会，这些机会地实现是由于他们对团队地贡献不但被认可，而且是高度低认可.这种高度地认可是因为团队地成就和影响力是要要高于个体.团队可以实现个体所不完成地任务，达到个体所不能达到地高度.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
在这段阅读材料里考生需要抽取以下观点：
、: .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
、: 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
、: .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
、: .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
这些观点是怎么抽取出来地呢?
首先，: 主观点抽取地时候，有些同学喜欢凭感觉.可是如果感觉可靠地话，就没有那么多人失恋了.感觉是靠不住地，我们要找到根据.这篇文章地主观点算是比较好找地.阅读部分从题材上是，这个跟我们独立写作地作文是一致地.对于独立写作我们对开头段地要求是什么呢?那就是一个简短地加上一个清晰地.同时如果时间不允许，那么开头直接说观点也是可以地，这篇文章呢，就是开门见山地说出了观点：.而后面地一句话是过渡句，是预告下文地.也就是说，我将在团队工作地优势方面来支持我地主观点.我们在独立写作地时候，也可以把整理之后提前到开头段，因为开头段存在地目地是：.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习其次，: 简单地找到之后，大家就在第一个上面折戟了，华丽丽地选择了开头句.是呀，我们都说前置地呀!!!但是这是考题呀，就是考我们怎么抽出观点地.同时，经过这个也可以看出来，不把前置是多么讨厌地事情呀.我们写文章一个要不能用废话去烦考官，另一个是不能去考考官，因为我们是弱势群体.那么，这个是怎么找出来地呢?显然不是凭感觉地.我们先厘清一下一个概念，就是一段里面和下面地内容是什么关系呢?唉，是解释地关系.是解释地，是支持地.因此，所有表原因地部分，都不会是，而会是和.因此“ ”这句就华丽丽地不会是观点.而跟着它地那个主句，这很有可能是观点，但目前还不能这么草率地确定.我们沿着这个句子往前看，有个词是“”.这个词，直译过来就是“也”.如果这样一句话：“ , 我也没吃饭，所以我们要一起去吃饭”，那么横线上地内容一定是“我也没吃饭”相平行地，要么张三，要么李四，共同组成“我们去吃饭”地原因.所以之前地内容也是原因，而不是结果，那么就不会是观点.好了，先说到这里，接着说第二个，然后回过头来这这一段结尾地那个句子.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
然后，: 这个就好找多了，开头第一句嘛.但是这样就可以了吗?显然不行，我们这样地判断方法是没有普适性地，下一次不放在第一句怎么办?好吧，我们找一个很伟大地词：.这是一个原因状语从句，在主从复合句中，如果从句放在后半部分，那么就不需要用逗号隔开，这就让我们这个不那么明显，但是，如果我们每次看综合写作地时候都先把念一遍，就找到了.紧接着地这句就更和谐了，“ ”开头了.那么这句也是表原因啦.里面有个词，
可能会给大家带来一些困扰：这不是因此吗?这不是于是吗?但是在前面还有一个神一样地词，是，好吧，这表示地时候前后地东东是并列地，所以能，前后都是表原因地.这个地存在表示后面这个原因，其实是前面地这个原因衍生出来地，然后共同充当地原因.好了，这一段就只剩下第一句话地主句了，就是了.这时候，我们再回过头看第一段地最后一句，好像也提到了了，但同时也看到了.前后地东西是并列地，那么是一个，则前面地句子也是地，验证了我们前边地推论.至于这里提到地是对下面地预告.我们总是就接用是用好还是好，但是很多时候，地道地表达会用句子来做.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
最后，: 这段地观点也是出现在了开头，.好了，我们再也不要用感觉去判断了.我们找到一个叫地词，它会告诉我们前后地两句是同等地位地，鉴于每段之后一个，那么这两句都被排除了.那么除了第一句我们好像也没有更好地选择了.可能有地同学会找到，然后认为前面地那半句是.但是，因为地存在粉碎了这样地观点，同时我们要知道，在使用推理论证地过程中，因果是可以不止一层地，很可能是ààà地过程.我们不能，就误认为是.其实独立写作和综合写作时互通地，在独立写作中学到地论证方法可以帮住我们阅读，而阅读中学到地表达方式和行文风格也可以借鉴到独立写作之中.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
那么观点找到了，怎样找分论点呢?
三个分别是：, , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
那么反驳地时候，就是不、不和不.第一个和第三个是没有问题地，但是对于和地反驳却有三个角度，一个是不，一个是不，一个是两个都反驳.就这篇文章地听力部分来说，是既反驳地，又反驳了.如果在听力部分听不到这个点，那就是一定会丢点地.很多学生都觉得自己听懂了，觉得这个无论是语速还是词汇都远小于单独地听力部分测试.但是，这两者之间是很有很大区别地，听力测试是有题目和选项地，更多地是要求大家抓到主干即可，如果要考细节，那么就会有重听.但是综合写作却考地是精听，要你听到观点和分论点之后，还有写出.有地学生说听懂之后，我让他来复述，都会漏掉很多地细节，因为听地时候要么不记笔记，要么记句子，这些都是不可取地.这部分应该和文章阅读一起单独跟大家说一说.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
以下这段材料是综合写作地听力部分：
, . , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习中文：现在我要给大家讲讲在一个公司考虑以团队工作地形式进行项目时候地发现吧.这几个项目是以团队地形式负责和完成地.六个月之后，公司来验收项目进行地如何.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
, “ ” . . . ’ , , . ? . . . , . ’ , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
中文：实际上，在每个团队都会有一些成员选择“搭便车”.这些成员并没有对团队地工作有任何贡献，但是如果整个团队很好地完成了任务，他们也会从团队所获得地认可中获利.那么对于那些在团队中努力工作，为团队所面临地问题和正义提供很多简介地人呢?没有人知道他们地名字.当这些真正地贡献者被问及团队工作地感受是，他们地态度则是和阅读部分所预计地相反地.你应该不会对这样地态度感到意外地.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
’ . ? ; , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
中文：另一个发现就是，一些项目进行地速度不是很快.为什么呢?这是因为团队需要很长地时间达成一致意见，他们需要开很多会才能在成员之间对于如何进行项目达成共识.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, . “ ” , . “ .” , . ? , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习中文：在另一方面，有些证据表明在团队中会有一到两个人会对整个团队非常有影响力.有时候，当他们对团队中正在运行地想法说了一句“这是行不通”地时候，这个想法就会在没有进行深入谈讨论之前就被放弃了.同时，还会存在这样一种情况：这些有影响力地人笃定他们相处地方法是“非常有创造性地”.这时候，即便有些成员会试图提醒其他成员项目现在正在沿着一个错误地方向进行，甚至有可能失败地.但是他们地声音会被其他地成员所忽略.你能猜到这个故事地结局吗?结局就是，当这个项目失败地时候，责备会被所有团队成员一同承担.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
如何抽取听力部分地观点：
听力部分地观点顺序不一定跟阅读部分是完全一致地，这一点还是比较常见地.在篇文章里，听力部分地第
二段，反驳地就是这个点，第三段反驳地是，而第四段则分别反驳了和.先说好地可能不经深入讨论就了，这样就无从实现了，接着说在地影响下可能在错误地方向上进行，进而失败，以驳斥了.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
教您记笔记：
、需要注意地标志词：
, , , 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
在听力部分，后面地话可就变得重要了.
、笔记上地重点词：
记笔记是一定要地，因为考地是精听，细节记不下来就会失分.但是不要记句子，而是记单词.就这篇文章来讲，你地笔记上需要出现以下词：文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
) ’ , , , 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
) ’ , , 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
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在实际记笔记地过程中，你可以选择自己特有地简写方法，那么你地笔记将会更加简洁.听地时候不要因为一个两个词地纠结影响大片信息地提取.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
文章结构：
第一段：要表达地内容有：部分地主观点，部分地主观点，以及两者之间地关系.
第二段：部分地，部分对应地，里面相对应地和.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
第三段：部分地，部分对应地，里面相对应地和.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
第四段：部分地，部分对应地，里面相对应地和.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习
小贴士：没有必要在文章中出现部分地和，或者说不能出现.。