齿式联轴器不对中动力学特性研究

工学硕士学位论文

齿式联轴器不对中动力学特性研究

龙鑫

哈尔滨工业大学

2006年6月

国内图书分类号：TK263.6+5

国际图书分类号: 62-233.3

工学硕士学位论文

齿式联轴器不对中动力学特性研究

硕士研究生：龙鑫

导师：刘占生教授

申请学位：工学硕士

学科、专业：动力机械及工程

所在单位：能源科学与工程学院

答辩日期：2006年6月

授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学

Classified Index：TK263.6+5

U.D.C.: 62-233.3

A Dissertation for the Degree of M. Eng.

ANALASIS OF DYNAMIC CHARACTORISTICS OF GEAR

COUPLING WITH MISALIGNMENT

Candidate：Long Xin

Supervisor：Prof. Liu Zhansheng

Academic Degree Applied for：Master of Engineering

Specialty：Power Machinery & Engineering Affiliation：School of Energy Science and

Engineering

Date of Defence：June, 2006

Degree-Conferring-Institution：Harbin Institute of Technology

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文

摘要

联轴器不对中是转子系统在运行过程中比较常见的故障之一。齿式联轴器是联轴器中最为常见的一种，由于它有传递扭矩大、制造加工相对简单，具有较好的补偿能力等优点，被广泛地运用于现代大型转子系统中。本文以齿式联轴器为对象，研究了这种联轴器不对中的动态特性。

本文对不对中的齿式联轴器连接的轴承—转子系统进行了动力学分析，首先从研究齿式联轴器内部齿轮的啮合入手，讨论了齿式联轴器不对中力的组成，推导了不对中量与径向力之间的关系式。研究表明：在齿轮润滑良好的情况下，联轴器受到由于各齿传递扭矩不同引起的径向力和由于齿套偏心引起的离心力的共同作用。

研究了不对中的齿式联轴器在旋转过程中的运动规律，得出不对中力的数学模型，建立了转子—不对中齿式联轴器—轴承系统的运动微分方程。

运用newmark数值积分方法对微分方程进行仿真，结果表明：转子系统在运行过程中的弯曲振动呈现出多种倍频分量的振动，其中以1和2倍频振动分量为主，不对中引起转子系统2、4、6、8等偶数倍频振动，2倍频振动最大，其他偶数倍频振动依次递减，这些倍频分量在齿式联轴器处表现得比较明显。联轴器的啮合刚度、传递的扭矩、结构尺寸、放置位置、以及转速等都对转子系统的振动具有较大的影响。

关键词 不对中；径向力；转子—齿式联轴器—轴承系统

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哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文

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Abstract

The misalignment of coupling in the multi-rotor system is a simple problem. Gear coupling is one of the most common couplings. Because of advantages such as high moment of torque transfer, easy making relatively, ability of compensation, it is used widely in modern rotor system. Based on gear coupling, the paper presents the effects of coupling misalignment on vibration of rotating machinery.

In this work, the dynamics of bearing rotor system connected with a misaligned gear coupling and the dynamic forces generated by the coupling due to misalignment are analyzed. Beginning with engagement condition of gear coupling, the paper derives the expression that disclosure the relationship between misalignment and radial force. The result shows that the misalignment forces are from the radial force between the teeth and the centrifugal force based on the condition of well greasing.

The paper also make research on the law of rotary motion and deduces the mathematical model of misalignment. finally, the vibration differential equation is derived. T he equation is solved numerically by means of Newmark method. The numerical results show that integer multiples of lateral vibration occurrs in the misaligned system,×1and ×2vibration are dominating components. The even integer multiples of lateral vibration is caused by misalignment,×2vibration is the dominating component, other even component are secondary and those integer multiples of vibration are apparent around the gear coupling. The amplitudes of the steady state vibration of system are related to the engaged rigidity ，moment of torque ，the structural parameters of the coupling ,location, the rotating speed and so on.

The misalignment of coupling in the multi-rotor system is a simple problem. Gear coupling is one of the most common couplings. Because of advantages such as high moment of torque transfer, easy making relatively, ability of compensation, it is used widely in modern rotor system. Based on gear coupling, the paper presents the effects of coupling misalignment on vibration of rotating machinery.

Keywords misalignment; radial force; rotor-gear coupling-bearing system