张同德大学英语语法培训：三、完全及物动词(第二版)
《张道真英语语法珍藏系列》
《张道真英语语法珍藏系列》《张道真英语语法》（大众珍藏版•第二版）《张道真英语用法》（大众珍藏版•第二版）《张道真英语语法》（中学生珍藏版•第二版）《张道真英语用法》（中学生珍藏版•第二版）著名语言学家、北京外国语大学博士生导师刘润清教授清华大学外国语学院院长、博士生导师刘世生教授北京理工大学外国语学院副院长、英语语言学博士李京廉教授清华大学外国语学院英语系主任、英语语言学博士何宏华教授北京市海淀区教委英语教研员、特级英语教师聂成军倾力推荐◎作者简介张道真我国著名英语教授，权威的英语语法专家。
1926年出生于湖北沙市，1947年毕业于（南京）国立中央大学外语系。
次年赴美留学，获华盛顿大学英语硕士学位后转入哈佛大学比较文学系。
1950年回国后一直任教于北京外国语大学（原北京外国语学院）。
1996年应邀担任深圳大学校长顾问。
几十年来张道真教授潜心向学，硕果累累，先后出书十余种。
此次出版的《张道真英语语法》（大众珍藏版•第二版）、《张道真英语用法》（大众珍藏版•第二版）、《张道真英语语法》（中学生珍藏版•第二版）、张道真英语用法》（中学生珍藏版•第二版）是对张道真教授一生研究成果的一次集中总结和整理，旨在将张道真教授的经典之作发扬光大，使更多的英语语言学习者从中受益，少走弯路。
◎内容简介《张道真英语语法系列》（第二版）在第一版《张道真英语语法系列》（商务印书馆2002 年出版）的基础上修订出版。
本书修订的原则是，保持原书的编写理念、框架结构和体例格式基本不变，但版式重新设计，保留原书的精华，适当增添新内容。
主要解决了以下问题：第一，对第一版中一些过时、不妥、不确切的语法术语和中英文表达进行了全面修正和规范。
如：“主语是句子的中心”的表述目前学界并不太接受，在第二版中就不再提这一说法；I am expecting a telegram 中的电报（telegram）当今已不复存在，因此改为I am expecting a letter。
张道真英语语法大全(全两册)
张道真英语语法大全(全两册)As a document creator, my role is to provide a comprehensive guide on English grammar based on the content of "The Complete Guide to English Grammar by Zhang Daozhen" (in two volumes). In this article, I will present the essential aspects of English grammar, focusing on accuracy, clarity, and coherence. Without further ado, let's delve into the world of English grammar.Grammar is the backbone of any language, and English is no exception. It encompasses the rules and structures that govern how words are formed, combined, and used to convey meaning. Understanding English grammar is crucial for effective communication, whether it be in speaking, writing, or even understanding others.1. Parts of Speech:The first fundamental aspect of English grammar is the classification of words into different parts of speech. These include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech has its unique role and function within a sentence.2. Sentence Structure:The next important aspect is sentence structure. English sentences are typically composed of a subject, a verb, and an object. However, variations exist, such as sentences with compound subjects or objects, as well as sentences with different types of clauses, including independent, dependent, and relative clauses.3. Tenses:Tenses play a vital role in indicating the time of an action or event. English has twelve tenses, including present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. Each tense has specific rules for formation and usage.4. Verb Forms:Verbs have different forms to indicate tense, aspect, mood, and voice. These forms include the base form, infinitive, gerund, present participle, past simple, past participle, and various auxiliary verbs like "be," "have," and "do." Understanding verb forms is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences.5. Sentence Types:English sentences can be classified into four main types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Declarative sentences make statements, interrogative sentences ask questions, imperative sentences give commands or instructions, and exclamatory sentences express strong emotions or surprise.6. Agreement:Subject-verb agreement and pronoun-antecedent agreement are crucial aspects of grammar. Subject-verb agreement ensures that the verb agrees with the subject in terms of number and person. Pronoun-antecedent agreement ensures that pronouns agree with their antecedents in terms of gender, number, and person.7. Modifiers:Modifiers, including adjectives and adverbs, provide additional information and enhance the meaning of nouns, pronouns, verbs, and other adjectives or adverbs. Proper placement and usage of modifiers are essential for clear and precise communication.8. Sentence Connectors:Sentence connectors, such as conjunctions and transitional phrases, help establish logical connections between sentences and paragraphs. They enable smooth transitions and coherent flow in writing, making the text more cohesive and understandable.9. Punctuation:Punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, colons, and semicolons, are essential for conveying meaning and clarifying the structure of sentences. Proper punctuation usage enhances readability and prevents ambiguity.10. Word Choice and Usage:The choice and usage of words significantly impact the clarity and effectiveness of communication. Understanding synonyms, antonyms, idioms, collocations, and phrasal verbs can enrich vocabulary and improve language proficiency.In conclusion, a solid understanding of English grammar is indispensable for effective communication in both spoken and written forms. By grasping the essential aspects discussed in this article, you can enhance your language skills and express yourself accurately and confidently. Remember, practice and continuous learning are key to mastering English grammar.。
李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程(3)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
李荫华《全新版大学英语综合教程（3）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 2 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 3 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 4 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 5 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 6 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 7 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 8 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《全新版大学英语综合教程（3）》（第2版）的配套辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、全文翻译以及练习答案内容。
词汇短语中精选每单元的重、难点词汇，每个词后除了释义，还给出了相应的例句，及一些常用的搭配、词组、助记方法等。
课文精解从文中选出重点句子及难以理解的句子加以讲解，其中包括对句子结构分析、相关知识点讲解和延伸。
全文翻译是在参阅了大量与教材相关用书的基础上总结编写而成的。
练习答案提供每单元习题的参考答案。
本书旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教程中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语学习者的喜爱和认可。
弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Aget by通过；过得去；过活；获得认可【例句】No one is able to get by without oxygen. 没有氧气人不能维持生命。
frustration [frQs5treiFEn] n. 挫败；挫折；受挫【例句】He ground his teeth （together） in frustration. 他因失败而把牙咬得咯咯响。
全新版大学英语(第二版)第二册第三单元短语总结
Useful Expressions in Unit 3，Book 2 (by Mr. Hu )1. “Father knows better.” or “Father, you know better than that.” literally means Father was wise enough not to do something. Actually it does not have this meaning. It means Father was not wise when he meddled with his children’s affairs.This sentence occurs six times in the text. The children said it satirically to show their disapproval of Father’s meddling with their affairs.2. location: n. a place or positionThis is a suitable location for a camp.目击者向警察指出事故发生的确切地点。
Witnesses showed the police the exact location of the accident.3. know better: behave in a more sensible and acceptable way4. He is old enough to know better.5. 他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。
He knows better than to judge by appearances.Pattern: know better than sb.know better than to do sth.7. embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamed8. It embarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people.9. I don’t like making speeches in public. It’s so embarrassing.10. I was really embarrassed when I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.11. dumb: adj. 1) foolish eg. He was so dumb that he left his keys at home again.2) unable to speak eg. The terrible news struck us all dumb.他生来不能说话，但是他设法找到一个好工作。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-unit3-unit-test
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2-u n i t3-u n i t-t e s t -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.custodydestinyanonymouscommonplacedeceptionstaunchestvicinityblessingwitsexclaimed1. The investigators searched her house after they received a(n)anonymoustip over the phone.2. There were a hundred or so hotels in the vicinity of therailway station.3. He was accused of obtaining money by deception.4. Tony was caught shoplifting and has been in policecustodysince last night.5. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have ourdestinyworked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.6.She exclaimed in horror when she saw a snake in the grass.7. He always was the truest, staunchest old chap in theworld. I will never forget him.8. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.9. Unfortunately, pickpockets are incredibly commonplace inmany large cities.10. Controlled drinking can dramatically help people keep theirwitsas they age.Section B: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.11. The police presence at airports seemed to double _______after the bomb threat.A. overageB. overdueC. overnightD. overall12. In order to _______ information from people, investigatorssometimes use questionable methods.A. extortB. extractC. exchangeD. exert13. It is a federal crime to _______ a lawyer in a courtroom.A. impersonateB. personifyC. personalizeD. identify14. After the September 11 _______ attacks in the UnitedStates, the government took extreme measures to make sureit wouldn't happen again.A. radicalB.C. terroristD. activist15. The new measures they have taken, though _____ effective,have been praised by the manager.A. completelyB. moderatelyC. doubtfullyD.inbox are terribly _______ — so much so that it might bean invasion of privacy.A. offensiveB. effectiveC. defensiveD. interactive17. Online retailers such as Amazon and iTunes are sosuccessful that they have become _______ names.A. obviousB. householdC.D. offensive18. The new facial recognition security system _______ knowswho you are and if you have access to the building.A. anonymouslyB. obviouslyC.D.developments and recorded every detail.A. artfulB. watchfulC. doubtfulD. eventual20. After my store was broken into, the police officer drove mehome as a _______.A.B. preventionC. pretensionD. precautionSection C: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. We never do anything exciting any more — we seem to be stuckina groove.22. The other spectator, submerged in his overcoat, listenedwith interest.23. Excuse me. Do you have any information on file about theFrank Spacey case24. You can usually count on the police to help you outwhen you're in trouble.25. As she went past there was a gust of strong perfume.26. I know the security guards need to ask for identification, butI was very unhappy with the way he went to(about)it.27. After you check your bank balance online, remember to logoffso no one else can steal your information.28.I would have helped out last weekend if only I hadknown you were moving.29. We need to take precaution against fire as a way toprotect property or even our lives.30. In such a heavy traffic jam, it's impossible to reverse ataxi, let(let alone) the bus.Part II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Last summer, I went on vacation to Spain. On only the second day, my wallet was stolen. It was a very (31)time, and I was (32) frustrated and angered. At first, I wasangry I had lost the cash in my wallet. Then, I realized that the thief now had my credit cards and ID card! With only a littlepractice, he or she could easily (33) my signature and makehundreds of (34) purchases.I immediately called the credit card companies to cancel my cards.The more I thought about it, the angrier I got. How could someone commit such (35)The (36) deceitfulness in stealing other people's wallets really made me wonder how someone could be completely without (37) standards or morals.Thankfully, I still had traveler's checks — which are (38) accepted in Spain — at my hotel. However, I was no longer in agood (39) to enjoy my vacation. In my opinion, the authorities must attack this problem (40); it's not enough to just focus on pickpockets or identify theft that happens locally. With the Internet, there's no such thing as "local" anymore.Part III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Many people often wonder about the terms "blue-collar crime" and"white-collar crime". What's the difference Is one worse than theother Are they committed by different kinds of people What does crime have to do with the color of your shirtFirst, it is helpful to understand that blue-collar workers are those people employed in jobs that require manual labor, and white-collar workers perform non-manual labor in an office setting. The terms can be dated back to the 19th century, when industrial workers and manual laborers were required to wear clothing suitable to the difficult work — which was typically a blue work shirt or blue coveralls. In contrast, professional workers in offices generally wore white dress shirts.Today, the primary distinctions between white-collar and blue-collar crime are the social class to which the suspect belongs and the type of crime committed. Blue-collar crimes are committed by individuals from lower social classes (ie, less privileged backgrounds with fewer professional and societal opportunities), and white-collar crimes, conversely, are committed by individuals from higher, more affluent social classes.The exact nature of the crime is also a defining factor of blue-collar versus white-collar crime. Blue-collar crimes tend to be relatively obvious (eg, vandalism, robbery, and shoplifting) or violent (eg, assault, arson, and murder) crimes that are committed out of desperation. White-collar crimes, however, are "quieter" crimes (eg, bribery, embezzlement, and computer crime) committed by people who have the means and opportunity to exploit professional situations.It is impossible to say that one type of crime is worse than the other, for both have serious and lasting effects for the victims. Blue-collar crime gets more consistent exposure in the media, so we usually hear more about it on a regular basis. However, even though we might not hear many news stories about white-collar crime, itstill occurs every day. The increase in computer crime and rising instances of identify theft are testament to that.41. Which of the following would make the best title for thisarticleA. White-Collar Crime: A Victimless Crime.B. A History of Blue-Collar and White-CollarC. Blue-Collar Crime Versus White-CollarD. An Examination into Blue-Collar Crime.42. With which of the following statements would the authorlikely agreeA. Identity theft is an example of blue-B. All crime is equally bad for the victims.C. Many white-collar criminals have goodD. Incidents of blue-collar crime are43. The writer suggests that _______.A. blue-collar crime is heavily covered byB. white-collar crime is heavily covered byC. both types of crime are heavily covered byD. crime is not heavily covered by the news44. Which paragraph provides a historical context for modern-day blue-collar and white-collarA. Paragraph 2.B. Paragraph 3.C. Paragraph 4.D. Paragraph 5.45. Which of the following would be an example of white-collarcrimeA. Burglary.B. Rape.C. Kidnapping.D. Forgery.。
1张道真英语语法全新版.ppt
0.2 Words
is composed of one or more than one morpheme.
can be classified in two ways: in terms of word-formation
grammatical function
1. In terms of Wordformation
上海外语教育出版社
About the suggestions:
• A note book strongly needed • Pre-reading being extremely essential • Homework being finished in time • Come up with your own problems
2. In terms of grammatical function
Closed-class words Open-class words
Closed-class words
Definition: Closed-class words refer to those sets of words whose items are closed or limited in number and are only exceptionally extended by the creation of additional members.
Diagram of the five ranks:
Each rank is composed of one or more than one grammatical unit of the immediate lower rank:
Sentence Clause Phrase Word Morpheme
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit3
Unit 3 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. (Para. 2)Why is this sentence reversed?(The word “nor” here appears at the beginning of the sentence to give force to the negation.- Nor will I deny that.)2.The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed. (Para. 2) 1) What is the grammatical function of the first “that”?(Here “that” brings about an attributive clause.)2) What does the structure “such that” here mean?(The structure is used to give an explanation for something.- His manner was such that he would offend everyone he met. )3) What can we infer from this sentence?(No way can suppress anything new, as human initiative and inventiveness do exist.)3.All it would do is slow down the rate of change. (Para. 2)Why is there no “to” between “is” and “slow”?(When “do” appears in the subject of a sentence, the sign“to” of an infinitive which is used as the predicative can be omitted.- The first thing he did was (to) look for a guide.- All we could do now is (to) remain cool-headed.)4.At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. (Para. 3)1) What does “in two minds about” mean?(Unable to decide whether or not you want sth. or want to do sth.- I think she’s in two minds about whether to accept his present or not.)2) What can we learn from the sentence?(The public finds itself holding two contradictory viewpoints about science. On the one hand, it expects the improvement in the standard of living that has been brought by science; on the other hand, it also distrusts science because it does not understand it.)5.It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. (Para. 3)1) What does “it” refer to?(The public’s distrust of science)2) What part of speech is “support” here?(It is a noun.)6.But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner. (Para. 4) Paraphrase the sentence.(But in schools science is often taught in a dull and boring way.)7.Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it. (Para. 4)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(如果不用这个公式的话，也许我能多卖出一倍的书。
现代大学英语(第二版) 精读2 第1单元知识点
Unit 1Text A Another School Year—What For?Part 1 BackgroundⅠ. About the author: John Ciardi (1916-1986)A. His life:◆a child of Italian immigrants, Boston◆Began his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City◆Joined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planes◆went on to teach at Harvard University in 1946◆in 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers University◆in 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to his own literary endeavorsB. His influence:◆Poet, translator, etymologist◆Major works:➢First book of poems, Homeward to America, 1940➢Other Skies, focusing on his war-time experience, 1947➢How Does a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry courses ➢Translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy (The Inferno, 1954; The Purgatorio, 1961; The Paradiso, 1970)◆Influence:➢ A very popular poet➢Poetry editor of Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972➢Fellow of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member and former president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersII. Genre◆Orientation speechperiod of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce themselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university.◆Audience: College freshmen◆Style: colloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and earnestPart 2 Word Study1．accomplishment n.①achievement 成就；成绩Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. (para.12) 书本是人类特有的成就。
薄冰英语语法指引
• 第一辑9个系列，共44本 • 第二辑补充4个系列，新
增4个系列，共46本
教师指导与评估手册（16开） 定价：每本￥9.90 每个系列1本
精英对话
央视国际频道知名主持 人杨锐访谈精选
透过名人视角看世界， 透过“对话”视角看名 人
留学
汇集英语经典名著，版本精挑 细选，装帧用心打造，既宜阅 读，更宜收藏
外国文学经典
艰难时世 哈克贝利·费恩历险记 呼啸山庄 红字 小公主 名利场 远离尘嚣 傲慢与偏见 绿野仙踪
二十世纪外国文学精选
占有 简·萨默斯的日记 宠儿 看不见的人 城堡 洛丽塔 走出非洲 日瓦戈医生 纯真年代 霍华德庄园 夜色温柔
Class Audio Cassettes 课堂用音带
Student’s Audio Cassettes 学生用音带
VCD
录像
CD-ROM
多媒体光盘
Teacher’s Resource Pack 教师资源包
学生用书和练习册还有A、B分册形式，适合短期培训使用。
剑桥国际英语教程（CD版）
入门级－三级
实用辩论技巧
帮助你发现并感受英文 辩论的乐趣，使你在说 英语时更加充满自信！
作者简介：Sue Kay 康 苏珊，中国社会科学院 研究生院外语教研室文 教专家，曾多次任“外 研社杯”全国英语辩论 赛总决赛评委。
定价：￥12.9
实务谈判丛书
哈佛大学谈判专家教你 掌握谈判的艺术
《寸土必争》：无须让 步的说服艺术
上下册各配有VCD光盘10张
启扬英语口语集训营
作者张启扬先生被称为“英语教 学摇滚明星”
全新版大学英语(第二版) 综合教程1 各单元词汇及惯用语
Words and expressions in each unit各单元生词及习惯用语注：黑正体表示“一般要求”（四级）的词汇；黑正体后加★表示“较高要求”（六级）的词汇；黑正体后加▲表示“更高要求”的词汇；白斜体表示超纲词汇。
Unit 1 Text Aoff and on断断续续地，有时take hold生根，确立associate vt.使联系起来，使联想assignment n.（分配的）工作，任务，作业turn out编写，制作paragraph n.段落agony n.(身心的)极度痛苦assign vt.分配，分派anticipate vt.预期，期望cheerless a.阴郁的，沉闷的tedious a.乏味的，冗长的reputation n.名声，名誉inability n.无能，无力inspire vt.激励，鼓舞formal a.刻板的，拘谨的，正式的，正规的rigid a.一成不变的，严格的out of date过时的excessively ad.过分地excessive a.prim a.古板的，拘谨的，循规蹈矩的，整洁的primly ad.severe a.朴素的，严重的，剧烈的wavy a.波形的，波浪形的necktie n.领带pointed a.有尖的，尖的jaw n.颌，颚comic a.滑稽的，喜剧的，连环漫画（册）antique n.古物，古玩tackle vt.处理，应付informal a.（指讲话，文字）口语体的，非正式的essay n.散文，小品文，论说文distribute vt.分发，分配，分送finally ad.最终，终于face up to勇敢地接受或对付scan v.浏览，粗略地看spaghetti▲ n.意大利式细面条title n.标题，题目，给...加标题，加题目于extraordinary a.不同寻常的，奇特的sequence n.一连串相关的事物，次序，顺序image n.形象，印象，（图）像vivid a.生动的，逼真的adult n.成年人，成年动物recall vt.回想起，回忆起socially ad.social a.社会的，社交的，交谊的respectable★ a.可敬的，体面的，文雅的put down写下recapture vt.再现，再次经历relive vt.再体验，重温violate vt.违背，违反compose vt.创作turn in交（作业）command n.命令，指令discipline n.,v.惩罚，处分，纪律what’s more而且，此外，更有甚者contempt★ n.轻视，轻蔑ridicule n.嘲笑，嘲弄，被戏弄open-hearted a.诚挚的enjoyment n.愉快，欢乐，满意hold back控制（感情，眼泪等）avoid vt.避免demonstration n.表明，证明calling n.职业，使命career n.生涯，事业，职业seal n.印章，图章essence★ n.本质，精髓Unit 1 Text BTradition n. 传统award vt. 授予，给予valedictorian n. 致告别词的毕业生代表maintain vt. 保持，维持look forward to 盼望participate in 参加registration n.登记，注册fee n. 费（如会费等）gym n. 健身房，体育馆compare to相比，比得上falsify vt. 窜改，歪曲plus a.（常置于被修饰词后面）比...略好（或略高）一些的，加，加上tie n.平手，不分胜负drown out（指声音）淹没here and there各处filter v.渗过，渗透resign v.顺从，听任，辞职make it办成，做到，赶上principal n.校长，院长policy n.方针，政策regarding prep.关于，至于dignity n.尊严muster v. 激起，聚集represent vt. 代表，象征expectation n. 期待，预期clasp★ n. 紧抓，紧握significance n. 意义，意思hoe▲vt. 用锄除（草），用锄整（地）spring up迅速生长或出现delicate a.脆弱的，柔软的withdrawn a. 沉默寡言的，不善交际的drag vi.拖着脚步走exception n.例外tremble vi.颤抖，哆嗦yell v.叫喊innocent a.天真无邪的，清白的hug vt. 拥抱pat n. 轻拍Unit 2 Test Acabbie n. a taxi driverbe lost in（lose oneself in）专心致志于windshield n.（汽车的）挡风玻璃cab n. 出租车available a. 可用的，可得到的apologetically ad.道歉的，带有歉意的apologetic a.or something 诸如此类的事go ahead继续，开始know/learn by heart记住，能背出on the road在旅途中estimate vt.估计might/may (just)as well 不妨，（也）无妨not much of a 不太好的keep up 保持correspondence n. 通信（联系），信件practically ad. almostall the way 自始至终，一直neighborhood n. 街坊，四邻kind/sort of有几分，有点儿lose touch（with sb）失去联系guy n. 家伙，伙计a couple of几个，一对，一双tough a.不幸的，困难的，坚固的，坚强的on one’s mind记挂在心头keep in touch（with）（与...）保持联系，保持接触come up (尤指意想不到地)发生，出现shrug v.耸（肩）urge v.力劝，催促postpone vt.推迟，使延期reference n. 提及，谈到，参考，查阅Halloween n.(基督教)万圣节前夕absolutely ad .完全地，极其absolute a.reunion n.（家人，朋友，同事等久别后的）重聚go by（时间）逝去hang out闲荡，徘徊every now and then有时mostly ad.几乎全部，多半，大体awful a.非常的，极大的，可怕的，糟糕的choke v.（使）窒息，堵塞choke up (因激动等)哽得说不出话，堵塞 destination n. 目的地 skip ★ v. 略过，跳过，跳跃 sorrowful a. 伤心的，悲伤的 sorrow n..in the distance 在(相当)远处 unpack v. 打开right away 立刻，马上Unit 2 Test Blet down 使失望，不帮助 burn off 烧掉 peer vi. 仔细看uneasy a. 不安的，担心的 bump vi. 颠簸着前进 get rid of 消灭，除去 stuff n. 东西，原料 tow ★ n. 拖，拉，牵引 soak v. （使）浸透 pitch vi. 颠簸swing v.（使）突然转向burst into 突然（烧，哭等）起来 flame n. 火焰，火舌 spin v.（使）旋转 fling vt. 抛，扔，掷 roar n.,vi.轰鸣（声），吼叫（声） crash v. 撞，撞坏，坠毁 steer v. 驾驶 bare a. 赤裸的 grip n. 紧握explosion n. 爆炸 extent n. 程度，范围 injury n. 伤害，损伤 worse still 更糟糕的是in bad/good shape 身体状况差（好） despair n. 绝望 hang on 坚持permanently ad. 永久地，固定地 principle n. 信条，原则，原理 draw on 利用，动用，靠character n. 品德，品质，性格 lean vi. 倚，靠exclaim v. 惊叫，呼喊 grab vt. 一把抓住 slide vi. （使）滑动ease vt. 减轻（痛苦，负担等） grin ★ vi.,n. 咧嘴笑medal n. 奖章，奖牌，勋章 courageous ★ a. 勇敢的，无畏的 rescue n.,vt. 援救，营救highlight n. 最重要的事件，最精彩的部分Unit 3 Test Alikely a.可能的, ad.可能 privileged ★ a. 有特权的 privilege n. 特权 minority n. 少数do without 没有...而设法对付过去 highly ad. 很，非常risky a. 危险的，有风险的 nasty a. 令人难受的brutish a. 野兽般的，野蛮的 anyway ad. 不管怎么说put/turn the clock back 倒退，开倒车 cut off 切断，中断，切下，剪下 competition n. 竞争，比赛 bring about 引起，导致 moreover ad. 而且，再者inquiring a. 好问的，爱探索的 inquire n. 询问global a. 世界的，全球的 suppress ★ vt. 抑制，压制 initiative n. 首创精神，主动inventiveness n. 发明才能，创造力 slow down 减慢 rate n. 速度，比率 ensure vt. 保证，确保 democratic a. 民主的informed a.有知识的，了解情况的，明智的 inform vt. 告诉，通知 at the moment 此刻，目前in two minds犹豫不决，三心二意steady a.平稳的，稳定的evident n. 明显的cartoon n. 漫画，动画片element n. 成分，元素astronomy★ n. 天文学series n. 连续，系列，系列节目fiction n. 小说，虚构harness vt.驾驭，利用background n. 背景acid a.,n. 酸（性的），酸味的（物质）greenhouse n. 温室nuclear a. 原子核的，核心的weapon n. 武器genetic a. 基因的，遗传（学）的engineering n. 工程，工程学basis n. 基础lie in在于rote n. 死记硬背learn by rote 死记硬背地学习relevance n. 相关，关联in terms of从...方面（或角度）来说，按照，根据equation n. 等式，方程（式）brief a.简洁的，短暂的mathematical a.数学的halve vt. 将...减半tend vi.倾向，趋向in the form of呈...的形状，以...形式precise a.精确的qualitative★ a.定性的，性质上的grasp n. 掌握，了解concept n. 概念sufficient a.充分的，足够的convey vt.传达，表达diagram n. 图表，图解framework n. 框架，结构molecular a. 分子的transistor★n. 晶体管，晶体管收音机put across 解释清楚，使被理解proportion n. 比例，部分truly ad.真正地，确实地magic n. 魔术，魔力fit into 适合，符合，属于producer n.（电影，电视片等的）制片人，生产者，制造人responsibility n. 责任educate vt.教育entertain vt. 给...以欢乐，招待hence ad. 因此，从此contact vt. 与...接触alien★ a.外国的，陌生的civilization n. 文明Unit 3 Test Bdeadline n. 最后期限headline n. （报纸上新闻报导等的）标题immediately ad.直接地，贴近地victim n.受害者，罹难者frustrate vt.使沮丧，使灰心yield vt.泄露，产生step by step逐步地，稳定地outcome n.结果result in导致，结果是gradual a.逐渐的，渐变的process n.过程conclusion n. 结论propose vt.提出，建议random★ a.任意的，随机的compare with 与...比较evaluate vt.评估，评价characterize vt.成为...的特征bulk n.大部分，（巨大的）体积submit vt.提交，呈递publish vt.发表，出版professional a.专业的，职业的press release n. (通讯社或政府机构等发布的）新闻稿challenge n.,vt. 挑战amount n. 数量，总数wear down(使）变小，变少，变弱organic a. 有机（体）的，只施用有机肥料trumpet vt. 大肆宣扬reverse n. 挫折，逆境somehow ad.以某种方式Unit 4 Test ADriveway ★ n. 宅旁私家车道 mow ▲ v. 修剪（草坪），刈（草） lawn n. 草地，草坪comprehend ▲ vt. 理解,了解,领会 turn away 拒绝帮忙，不让...进入weed v. 除去...的杂草，除草，杂草，野草 assume vt. 假设，以为compliment ★ vt. 赞扬，赞美的言辞或行为 work out 制定出，解决，算出 weekly a. 每周的，一周一次的 clean up 打扫，清除 do with 对待，处理determination n. 决心，决定personnel n. 人事部门，全体人员，全体职员apprentice ▲ n. 学徒 capacity n. 能力，才能blueprint ★ n. 蓝图micrometer n. 测微计，千分尺 precision n. 精密，精确（性） turn down 拒绝skilled a. 熟练的，有技巧的，技术性的 grinde r n. 磨工grind vt. 磨，磨碎，碾碎instrument n. 工具，器械，仪器 for sale 待售wreck n. 残破物，（尤指失事船只，飞机等的）残骸 call on 拜访banker n. 银行家，银行高级职员 loan vt. 借，贷，贷款character n.（人的）品德，品质，性格 damn a.,n .丝毫reluctantly ad. 勉强地 reluctant a.mortgage ★ n. 抵押借款，按揭 down payment 定金，（分期付款的）初付款额discard vt. 抛弃odds and ends 零星杂物，琐碎物品 screen n. 纱门，纱窗，屏，荧屏 hardware n. 五金器具，（计算机的）硬件spot n. 地点，斑点confidence n. 信心amaze vt. 使惊愕，使诧异 amazement n. 惊愕，诧异 diet n. 日常饮食send for 派人去叫，召唤，派人去取 hunt v. 寻找，打猎，猎取 abandon vt. 抛弃，放弃property n.（房）地产，财产 shed v. 小屋，棚sometime ad. 某个时候sponsor vt. 为...做保证人，主办，发起，保证人，主办人，发起人amuse vt. 逗乐，给...提供娱乐 approach v. 接近millionaire n. 百万富翁 pass away 去世check on 检查，调查，察看 handle vt. 管理，处理，操纵 livable a. 适于居住的homey a. 舒适的，像家一样的 stature ▲ n. 身材，身高，境界 industrialist n. 工业家，实业家 route n. 路线，路程principle n. 信条，原则，原理 vision n. 远见，视觉，视力 optimism ★ n.. 乐观，乐观主义 above all 最重要的是 integrity ▲ n. 正直，完整rung n. （梯子的）横档，梯级 basement n. 地下室giant a. 巨大的，n. 巨人 balance n. 平衡，余额 balance sheet 资产负债表 decimal ★ n. 小数Unit 4 Test Billegal a. 不合法的，违法的immigrant n. （外来）移民，移民的，移入的taco stand 卖玉米面卷的摊子keep up with schoolconnection n.连接，联系，（可资利用的）熟人，关系put up with忍受，容忍in search of寻找head for向...行进supervise vt. 监督，指导land vt. 赢得，得到temporary a.暂时的，临时的response n.回答，反应risk v.冒...的危险，（使）遭受危险，危险，风险acquire vt.（靠自己的能力，努力等）取得，获得，学到make（both）ends meet 勉强维持生计，使收支相抵associate’s degree 准学士学位environment n.环境，周围状况on the side 作为兼职stand a chance of 有...的希望，有...的可能prospect n.前景，预期，展望reserve vt.保留，储备，预订rare a.稀有的，罕见的，不寻常的look right through himformer a.以前的，早先的，旧时的quit v.停止，放弃deserve vt.应受，应得，值得impress vt.给...深刻的印象，使钦佩show up来到，露面flip★vt.转动，使翻转humanistic★a.人道主义的，人本主义的Unit 5 Test AObituary n. 讣告die of死于coronary a. 冠状动脉的thrombosis n. 血栓（形成）acquaintance n.相识的人，（略微的)了解instantly ad.立刻，马上instant a.workaholic a. 工作狂classic n.典范，典型，典型的day off 休息日conceivably ad. 可想到的，可想象的retire vi.退休executive n.（企业等中的）行政领导，管理人员extracurricular a. 课外的monthly a.每月的，每月一次的golf n.高尔夫球运动salad n.色拉，凉拌蔬菜overweight a. 肥胖的，超重的，过重的survivor n.遗留的家属，幸存者，生还者survive v.比...活得长，经历...后幸存marketable a. 适合市场需求的，可出售的mother v. 抚育（孩子）give up 放弃compete vi.竞争，对抗compete against/with 与...竞争，与...对抗care for 照看，照顾dearly ad. 非常地beloved a.深爱的，亲爱的eldest a. 第一个出生的，年龄最大的manufacturer vt.（尤指用机器）大量制造funeral n.葬礼embarrass vt.使尴尬，使局促不安newly ad. 新近地married a.结婚的，已婚的odd a.临时的，不固定的grass n. 大麻grab at 抓住，夺得favorite n.特别受喜爱的人（或物），a.最喜欢的stay up 醒着，不去睡board v. 为...提供膳宿，搭伙，寄宿widow n.寡妇deceased a.死的the deceased n. 已死的人replace vt.代替，取代look sb. in the eye 直视某人bitter a.愤怒的，委屈的，怨恨的straighten out 解决finance n.财政，金融，财源，财力stock n.股票，证券，公债option n.期权，选择stock option n. 股票期权，优价认股权 and all that 诸如此类的 heart-attack n. 心脏病发作 natural n. .非常适合的人 pick out 辨认出，分辨出lineup n. （为接受检查等而排列的）一行人，一排人discreet ★ a. 谨慎的，（言行）审慎的 inquiry n. 打听，询问replacement n. 接替者，替代物 ask around 四处打听Unit 5 Test Bpop up 出现，发生enthusiastic ★ a. 极感兴趣的，热心的 among others （除列举到的之外）还有许多distract vt. 使分心relationship n. 关系，关联，亲属关系 socialize ★ vi. 交往，交际 delegate v. 授（权），把...委托给下级 input n. 投入（物），输入 typically ad.通常，典型地 disarray n. 混乱，紊乱intimacy n. 亲昵关系，亲密 divorce n. 离婚 focus on 集中depression n. 忧愁，沮丧 link n. 连接，联系concern n. 担心，忧虑，关心的事 extreme a. 极度的 in short 总之，简言之well-being ★ n. 康乐，安乐solution n. 解决，解决方法，解答 addition n. 瘾，沉溺 survey n. 调查priority n. 优先考虑的事 relax v. 松弛，放松 detail n. 细节oriented ★ n. 以...为方向的，重视...的 schedule vt. 将...列为计划表overall a. 包括一切的，总的 fulfilling a. 令人心满意足的 reliable a. 可信赖的，可靠的 diversion ★ n. 转向，转移 productive a. 多产的on one’s own 独自地，独立地 staff n. 全体雇员 let go 松开，释放Unit 6 Test AValentine n. 情人make one’s way 走去 grand a. 宏伟的，壮丽的absorb vt. 完全吸收住...的注意，吸收 margin n. 页边空白 reflect vt. 反映，显示thoughtful a. 深思的，体贴的 insightful a. 具有洞察力的 insight n. 洞察力previous a. 早先的，先前的locate vt. 找到...的位置，使坐落于 correspond vi. 通信ship vt. （尤指用船）运送overseas ad.,a.去（在）国外（的），去（在）海外（的）fertile a. 肥沃的，富饶的romance ★ n. 爱情故事，风流韵事bud v.发芽，萌芽，n.（枝叶的）芽，花蕾 haunt ★ vt. 使担忧，使苦恼，（鬼魂）常出没于take a chance (on sth) 碰运气，冒险 disgust vt. 使厌烦，使反感whichever pron. 无论哪个或哪些 lapel n. （西服上衣的）翻领sustain vt. 支持，使（努力等）持续下去，保持unfailing ad. 永恒的，无穷的 slim a. 苗条的，细小的，微小的 curl n. 鬈发chin n. 下巴，颏provocative ★ a. 挑逗的，挑衅的curve v.（使）弯曲go sb’s way 与某人同路murmur★v.轻声说，咕哝more than a little 很，非常ankle n.踝，踝节部thrust v.挤入，插入，猛推heel n.（鞋，袜等的）后跟，脚后跟，踵split v. （使）裂开，破裂keen a.强烈的，热切的longing n. 渴望companion vt. 陪伴uphold★vt. 支持，维护sensible a.通情达理的，理智的kindly a. 亲切的，和蔼的，仁慈的glow n.光亮，光辉hesitate vi.踌躇，犹豫grip v.握紧，紧握leather n.（动物的）皮，皮革identify vt.识别grateful a.感激的be grateful to(sb.)for(sth.)为某事感激某人square vt. 挺直（肩膀）salute★v.（向...)行举手礼lieutenant★n.海军上尉，陆军中尉broaden v.（使）变宽，（使）扩大wisdom n.智慧，明智in response to作为对...的回应Unit 6 Test Bcome across 偶然遇见，碰上make out 辨认出hope for 希望，期待clue n.线索identify n.身份other than 除了nursing home （尤指接纳老年人的）私人疗养院exchange vt.交换，互换match up to 与...一样好，比得上lead n.线索for sure 毫无疑问security n.治安保卫，安全，安全感goodness int.天哪relief n.轻松，宽慰be in love with (sb)热恋着（某人）come to an end 结束adjust vt.校准，调准catch up on (sth.)事后了解关于...的情况，弥补（耽搁下来的工作等）knot n.（绳等的）结tie the knot结婚erect a.挺直的，直立的Unit 7 Test Aextensively ad. 广泛地，大量地extensive a.intelligence n.智力intelligent a.聪明的，有才智的controversy n.争论，争议surround vt.围绕，包围consciousness n. 意识explore vt.探究，探索obvious a.明显的vet a. 兽医keeper a. （动物园的）饲养员encounter vt.遇到，遭遇reveal vt.展示，揭露convince vt. 使确信，使信服feat★n. 技艺，业绩，功绩captivity n. 被俘，监禁，束缚dominant a.统治的，占优势的species n.物种planet n.行星make a deal 达成交易conservationist n. 自然资源保护论者gorilla▲n.大猩猩suspicious★ a.可疑的，猜疑的peanut★n.花生only to 结果却，不料blank a.有表情的，空白的negotiate vi.谈判，协商stake n.奖品，奖金，赌注pineapple▲n.凤梨，菠萝relieve vt.使减轻痛苦或焦虑等，减轻（痛苦或焦虑等）orangutan n.猩猩undertake vt.从事，承担（任务等）anthropologist▲n.人类学者figure out 理解，推断出extend v.延伸，伸展，扩大，加长dealing n. 交易，买卖chip n.薄片，碎片，集成电路片expand v.扩大，扩展switch v.转换，变换foil★n.金属薄片，箔virtuous★a.有道德的，善良的promptly ad. 立即地prompt a.stem n.茎，（树）干，（叶）梗whale n.鲸cooperate vi.合作，协作behaviorist n. 行为主义者in sb’s interest(s) 为了某人的利益go far 帮助很大，很有成效consultant n.顾问behavior n.举止，行为assess vt.评估，估量judgment n.判断，意见，看法mate n.配偶，伙伴，同事thrive vi.茁壮成长，兴旺at first 起先stretcher n. 担架emergency n.紧急情况，突然事件go wrong 有毛病的，出故障halt v.停住，停止throw up 呕吐apparently ad. 明显地apparent a.size up 估量，判断release vt.释放slide v.（使）滑动primate n. 灵长目动物evidence n.证据，迹象deceive v.欺骗inaccessible a. 达不到的，难得到的original a.最初的，原始的colony n.（生长在同一地方的动物或植物）群，群体，殖民地gaze凝视，注视give in 让步，屈服，投降underneath prep.,ad. 在（...）下面，在（...）底下pea-brained a. 笨的turtle▲n.（海）龟survival n.生存，幸存disaster灾难wipe out 消灭，消除dinosaur▲n.恐龙horizon n.眼界，见识，地平线Unit 7 Test Bvalue v. consider as importantcautious a.谨慎的display vt.流露，显示，展示adequate vt.充分的，足够的accompany vt.陪伴，陪同exhibit vt.展示nest n.巢，窝vacant a.无表情的，空着的not have the heart（to do sth) 不愿，不忍心（做某事）status n.地位，身份flock n.（鸟，兽等）一群pull oneself together 振作起来at first sight乍一看，一见之下instinct n.本能，生性purchase vt.买，购买nevertheless ad.然而，虽然如此twist v.转动，（使）扭曲，扭伤pair off （使）成对，成双decline v.谢绝take to 喜欢上reproduce v.生殖，繁育advanced age old agemagnificent a.宏大的，壮观的，出色的shed light on 阐明tolerance n.容忍，宽容，忍耐heap（sth.）on（sb.）大量地给予（某人）（某物）marital a.婚姻的，夫妻的field biologist 野外生物学家coyote n. （北美草原的）郊狼indicate vt.表明observe v.观察，注意lick vt.舔tell of 讲述otter n.獭，水獭get around 各处走动make a habit of 形成...的习惯alarm vt.使惊慌，使恐慌by any chance 或许，可能in the world 竟然，到底，究竟reject vt.拒绝接受Unit 8 Test AFable n.寓言teenager n.青少年run out of 用完，耗尽file n.档案，卷宗folder n. 文件夹drugstore n. （兼营杂货的）药房handful n.一把，少量modestly ad. 不太多，不太大，适中modest a.upset vt.使苦恼，使心烦意乱ignorant a.无知的，不知道的ignorance n.无知，愚昧senior n.（大学或中学）毕业班的学生private a.私人的，私有的slice n.部分，（薄薄的）一片calculation★n.计算nonexistent a. 不存在的chill v.（使）变冷，（使）不寒而栗indifference n. 漠不关心sum vt.总结，概述，合计sum up总结，概括financial a.财政的，金融的accumulate v.积累，积聚ancestor v.祖先，祖宗intellectual v.智力的affect vt.影响industrial a. 工业的function vi.运作，起作用，作用，功能idle a.懒散的，空闲的jam vi.发生故障，卡住，堵塞break down 停止运转，失败，垮了drive（sth.）home(to sb.) 使清楚无误地理解humble a.谦卑的，卑微的dramatize vt. 将...改编为剧本，将...戏剧化headphone n.头戴式受话器，耳机portable a.便携（式）的，手提（式）的peasant n.农民，雇农county n.（英国的）郡，（美国的）县hut n.小屋，棚屋search for 寻找poverty n.贫穷，贫困leisure n. 空闲，闲暇luxury n. 奢侈品，奢华，奢侈mill n. 工厂，制造厂subway n. 地铁better off 更富有，更舒服foe★n.敌人scare v.（使）惊慌，（使）恐惧foxhole n. 散兵坑（小型掩体）wake up 醒了porter n.（旅馆，火车站等的）搬行李工人，搬运工人complex a.复杂的manual a.体力的，手工做的slum★n.贫民窟plumbing n. （水，煤气等）管道设施privacy★n.（不受干扰的）独处，隐私，隐秘trash n.垃圾，废物befriend vt. 帮助，以朋友态度对待swear vt.发誓，宣誓make a living by 靠...维持生计miracle n. 奇迹faculty n. 官能contemptible a. 令人鄙视的，可轻蔑的coward n.懦夫11全新版大学英语（第二版） 综合教程1 各单元词汇及习惯用语Unit 8 Test BDitch vt. 抛弃，丢弃Multiplication n. 乘法，倍增off-limits a. 禁止使用的access n.接近，进入，享用seminar n. 研讨会benefit n. 好处，利益，vt.有益于device n. 装置，设备call for 要求discourage vt.使灰心，使泄气in the first place 首先proceed vi.继续进行competent a.有能力的，能胜任的essential a.必要的，最重要的adolescent★ n. 青少年concentrate on集中（注意力，精力等）于solve vt.解决（问题，困难等）appropriate a.适当的，得体的cut down 减少reflect on 思考，沉思effective a.有效的confuse vt.使困惑what if 如果...怎么样communicate vi.交流，交际strategy n. 策略，战略at hand 在手边，临近bat vt.眨（眼睛）claim vt.声称，断言commonplace★a.普通的，平凡的section n.（事物的）一部分circumference n. 圆周factor vt.将...分解因子，因素quadratic a. 二次的sole a.唯一的contribute v.作出贡献，贡献出ultimate a.最终的，根本的。
张道真全范围英语语法之4：代词
张道真全范围英语语法之·代词担纲指导张道真执行主编席玉虎编著陈静赵淑文山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社2013年6月第2版2014年2月第5次印刷出版人雷俊林出版策划苗补坤责任编辑王爱仙ISBN 978-7-5440-6436-1学习探讨英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。
语法，顾名思义，乃是语言的法则和规律。
学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：第一可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从头摸索。
第二可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而且可以知其所以然。
第三可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。
第四语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：第一基本概念最重要。
在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢记在心。
第二要大量地实践，大量地练习。
实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，练习要着重说和写。
第三学习语法时，应多用比较法。
如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。
第四要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。
碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，进行徒劳的分析。
而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。
但最好将它作为工具书，像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。
英语达到一定水平之后，就应将它扔掉。
起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的流利性。
最后可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。
全新版大学英语2(第二版) UNIT1 语言点
全新版大学英语2(第二版)U N I T1语言点------------------------------------------作者xxxx------------------------------------------日期xxxxUnit 1 Ways of LearningDetailed Reading for Text A and BThere is no end to learning.学无止境。
I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I have learned.-- Patrick White, British novelist我忘了别人教我的东西，我只记得我自己学的东西。
英国小说家 P. 怀特TEXTＡⅠ. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 13~15) Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail.Paraphrase the sentence.(= Because he was so young and didn’t quite know that h e should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.)2. (L. 15) Benjamin was not bothered in the least.1. Paraphrase the sentence.(= Benjamin was not bothered at all.)2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=本杰明一点也不在意。
张道真大学英语语法
精彩摘录
宾语主要指动作的对象或动作的承受者。有些动词后要带宾语，我们叫它及物动词 同位语（appositive），加在一个名词后面以说明它指谁或指什么事物： 祈使句（imperatives）—提出命令、请求等；形式是动词原形先行，主语省略： 表语可由名词、代词、形容词等表示，作用是补足动词be和系动词（link verbs）： 只有在上下文中才能决定一个词的词类。 反义疑问句（disjunctive questions），由两部分组成，前面是一个陈述句，后面为一个简短问句： 主语是句子的中心，谓语是说明主语的动作或状态的 状语一般按方式—地点—时间这个顺序排列。 特殊疑问句（special questions），多以who, where, when, which, whose, why这类疑问词开头： 感叹句（exclamations）—表示赞美、惊讶等情绪；形式是由what或how引导的修饰性短语，后接主语及be （可省略）：
三、定语从句 四、同位语
0 1
一、状语表 示法
0 2
二、副词作 状语
0 3
三、介词短 语和相关副 词作状语
0 4
四、形容词 及分词（短 语）作状语
0 6
六、状语从 句
0 5
五、复合结 构及词组作 状语
一、自然语序和倒装 语序
二、宾语的位置
三、定语的位置 四、状语的位置
一、概说 二、简单句中的省略
目录分析
一、词类 二、句子
三、单词、短语和从 句
四、简单句、并列句 及复合句
二、名词的复数
一、名词的种类
三、名词所有格
1
四、名词的性
五、名词在句 2
子中的作用
3 六、冠词的基
本用法
《致用英语(第二版)》语法教程1教学课件Unit 2
4.2.1 流体/烟雾、冰雪等物质 （物质名词）
air
water
oil
soup juice ice snow
tea
coffee
wine smoke vapor steam hydrogen
oxygen nitrogen (氮) exhaust (废气) smog (烟雾)
4.2.2 光、电、热、能等自然现象（抽象名词）
3.14.3 单复数同形 Japanese—Japanese Swiss—Swiss Chinese—Chinese
3.15 复合名词的复数
3.15.1 复数体现在主体词上
9
3 不规则名词的复数形式
brother-in-law—brother-in-laws editor-in-chief—editor-in-chiefs
fungus (真菌)—fungi nucleus (核)—nuclei radius (半径)—radii
6
3 不规则名词的复数形式
3.8 以um/on 结尾→-a
medium—media phenomenon—phenomena stadium—stadia maximum—maxima criterion—criteria gymnasium—gymnasia
light sunlight energy weather
sunshine darkness
thunder heat
power electricity
14
4 不可数名词
4.2.3 微粒、碎屑等物质（物质/材料名词）
sugar salt grass hair
rice flour
corn cotton dust dirt garbage sand powder waste fertiliser
人民大张道真英语语法(第三版)(精华版)课件lecture2英语句子成分
定语(The Attribute)
• 定语用来说明名词的性质特点，分为前置定 语和后置定语。
1. The black bike is mine. 形容词
2. She is a chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] teacher. 名词
3.Help yourself to some fish. 代词
Lecture Two
Members of the Sentence 英语句子成分
1
“就句子的结构而论， 西洋语言是法治的， 中国语言是人治的。”
--王力
英语重结构，汉语重语义。
单词 词组 句子 段落 文章
句子
句子 句子 句子 成分 结构 种类
Members of the Sentence 英语句子成分
9
主语在哪里
Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. Seeing is believing.
谓语
（英语句子的灵魂）
说明主语“做什么” 或“怎么样”, 谓语
通常是动词。
He has a bad cold.
We love China.
主谓要一致
• 谓语必须由动词构成，有时只包含一个动 词，有时候可包含几个词（如情态动词+动 词，助动词+动词），并且有时态和语态的 变化。
1. She runs fast. 2. He can speak English. 3.We have finished reading this book. 4.The game has been cancelled.
训诂语法知识点总结大全
训诂语法知识点总结大全概述语法是指语言的结构和规则的学科。
它涵盖了语言中单词、短语和句子的结构和用法。
掌握语法知识对于正确理解和使用语言非常重要。
本文将介绍英语语法中的一些重要知识点，希望对读者有所帮助。
名词名词是指代事物的词语。
它包括专有名词和普通名词。
名词有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式的构成有规则可循。
名词还有所有格形式，在英语中通常在名词后加上撇号加s来表示所有格。
如：Tom's book。
代词代词用来代替名词，可以指人、事、物。
代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词等。
在使用代词时需要注意其格的问题，包括主格、宾格、所有格和反身格等。
例如：he, she, it, they等。
动词动词是语言中最基本的词类之一，它用来表示动作或状态。
动词有时态、语态和语气的变化。
动词的不同时态表示的是不同的时间概念，在英语中，动词的过去式和过去分词的构成有规则可循。
例如：talk-talked-talked。
形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词语，用来描述事物的性质或特征。
形容词有三个级别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成有规则可循。
例如：happy-happier-happiest。
副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句的词语。
副词有很多种用法，包括表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
副词也有比较级和最高级的形式。
例如：good-better-best。
介词介词是用来表示词与词之间的关系的词语，通常用来连接名词或代词与其他词语。
介词有很多种，常见的有in, on, at, by, for, with等。
介词短语可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。
连词连词是用来连接句子、短语或词语的词语。
连词可以分为并列连词、从属连词和关系连词。
并列连词用来连接并列的成分，从属连词用来引导从句，关系连词用来连接主句和从句。
冠词冠词是用来限定名词的词语，包括定冠词和不定冠词两种。
定冠词有the一种，用来表示特指，不定冠词包括a和an两种，用来表示泛指。
世纪应用英语 语法教程 第二版 第1章 句子成分和基本句型
主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或物。主语通常是由名词、代词、数 词、动词不定式、动名词或主语从句等来充当。其位置一般是在陈述句基本结构的 前部。如：
Bill Gates is the richest private citizen in the world. 比尔·盖茨是世界 上最富有的公民。
一 句子成分
4. 表语(Predicative)
表语是在连系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。通常由名 词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从 句担任。如：
They are from Nanjing. 他们来自南京。 He is a student. 他是一名学生。 The weather is fine. 天气很好。 The film is charming. 电影很迷人。
一 句子成分
通常说来，句子是由两个部分组成的。 即：主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)。这两个部分是句子的直接成分，也 是不可缺少的成分（除祈使句和感叹句外）。句子成分是句子中起一定作用的一 个组成部分。句子成分共有八种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、 同位语。
一 句子成分
一 句子成分
2. 谓语(Predicate)
谓语是用来说明主语的动作或状态的部分，由动词或动词短语来充当。谓语位 于主语之后。如：
Adults enjoy antique cars and sidewalk cafés. 成人喜欢老式车和路边咖 啡馆。
The knowledge will help you enlarge your vocabulary. 这一知识将有 助于你扩大词汇量。
一 句子成分
张同德大学英语语法培训系列讲座：一、完全不及物动词共35页文档
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29、在一切能够接受法律支配的人类 的状态 中，哪 里没有 法律， 那里就 没有自 由。— —洛克
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30、风俗可以造就法律，也可以废除 法律。 ——塞·约翰逊
一、完全不及物动词
46、我们若已接受最坏的，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特
张同德大学英语语法培训系列讲座：
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26、我们像鹰一样，生来就是自由的 ，但是 为了生 存，我 们不得 不为自 己编织 一个笼 子，然 后把自 己关在 里面。 ——博 莱索
•Hale Waihona Puke 27、法律如果不讲道理，即使延续时 间再长 ，也还 是没有 制约力 的。— —爱·科 克
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28、好法律是由坏风俗创造出来的。 ——马 克罗维 乌斯
张同德大学英语语法培训系列讲座：四、授予动词PPT课件
Hale Waihona Puke 2012-11-26-
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句型2：主语+授予动词+直接宾语+介词 （to/for）+间接宾语
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着， 对着某人。
用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人， 替某人。
English? 6.The little boy wanted to have a book at his
birthday present, but the cruel stepmother ____ him his request. A. refused B. answered C. gave D. promised
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Exercises
请您告诉我去车站的路好吗？ Would you show me the way to the station? Would you tell me how I can get to the station? Would you kindly direct me the way to the station? 爸爸答应我努力戒烟。 Father promised me that he would try to quit
（需借助for的)：build, buy, change, cook, choose, do, draw, fetch, find, forgive, get, make, order, play(演奏), sing, save, win等。
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Exercises
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读书的习惯使我不再耽于幻想了。 The habit of reading books cured me of my old fancies. 国王剥夺了他的所有荣誉。 The king stripped him of all his honors. 她生病之后便给解除了许多职责。 After her illness, she was divested of much of her responsibility.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
二、具有“供给”意义的动词搭配 Supply him with money给他钱 Load a cart with straw车上载草 Fill the glass with water杯中装水 Provide a school with facilities为学校提供设备 Furnish the house with furniture给房子添加家具 Favor me with an interview赐予接见 I’ve trusted him with my life.他是我托付终身的人。 On his retirement, his co-workers presented him with a set of golf clubs.退休时，同事送他一套球杆。
制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
句型2：以动名词作宾语
有的“完全及物动词”如果接某个动作当“宾语”， 则必须用“动名词”，需要掌握的这类动词有： Admit, avoid, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, quit, finish, imagine, involve, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, stop (后接动名词和不定式，意义不同), recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, suggest I have the power to suggest books for my students.
三、完全及物动词
使用“完全及物动词”的句子，“主语”是发 出该动作的人或物，必须要有另一人或物来接 受此动作，也就是要有“宾语”，才能使句意 完整。通用句型为： 主语+完全及物动词+宾语
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制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
句型1. 以名词/代词作宾语 句型2. 以动名词作宾语 句型3. 以不定式作宾语 句型4. 以名词性短语（wh-疑问词+不定式） 作宾语 句型5. 以名词性从句作宾语
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
及物动词所接的宾语结构分类
一、具有“夺取”“剥夺”意义的动词 此类结构为“夺取性动词+夺取的范围+of+被夺取 的事物” 路人甲抢走了他的钱包。 A stranger robbed him of his wallet. 他把海上的强盗一扫而光。 He cleared the sea of pirates. 对生活前景的悲观使我们丧失了祥和与安逸。 Being gloomy about our life prospects deprived us of peace and comfort.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
短文翻译练习
天下事有难易乎？为之，则难者亦易矣；不为，则易者亦难矣。 人之为学，有难易乎？学之，则难者亦易矣；不学，则易者亦 难矣。 蜀之鄙有二僧：其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰：“吾欲之 南海，何如？” 富者曰：“子何恃而往？” 曰：“吾一瓶一钵足矣。” 富者曰：“吾数年来欲买舟而下，犹未能也。子何恃而往！” 越明年，贫者自南海还，以告富者，富者有惭色。 西蜀之去南海，不知几千里也。僧富者不能至，而贫者至焉。 人之立志，顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉！
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
句型5：以名词从句作宾语
主要有三种形式 1、宾语从句 2、wh-疑问词引导的从句 3、if/whether+陈述句 No one would ever imagine that he resigned his job. Tell me what happened last night. She asked whether we would attend the meeting. I doubt whether he will succeed.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
5.try to do sth.努力，试图去做某事 try doing sth.尝tree， but he failed. 他试图爬上树，可爬不上去。 She tried cooking the meat in wine instead of water.她曾试验把肉用酒煮而不用水煮。
2013-11-24
制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
注意两点：
1、以疑问代词who/what/which引导的名词短语， 这些疑问词本身就是作不定式意义上的宾语，因此 该不定式中动词应该是及物性的或不及物性+介词。 I don’t know whom to rely on. He couldn’t decide which to choose. 2、以疑问副词when/where/how引导的名词短语， 这些疑问词本身是副词，因此该不定式中的动词若 是及物动词，需有宾语，否则就应该用不及物动词。 I don’t know where to enjoy myself. I don’t remember how to do it.
制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
2013-11-24
三、不把直接接受动作的人身上某一部分作为宾语 而是把整个人当作受动对象，从大处着眼。 他轻拍我的背。 He patted me on the back. 他抓住我的胳膊。 He seized me by the arm. 他命在旦夕。Death stared him in the face. 她吻了他的面颊。 She kissed him on his cheek. Remember, Son, don’t let other people lead you around by the nose. You’ll get along a lot better in life if you use your own judgment.
2013-11-24
制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
6.mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 I don’t mean to be rude, but could you stop smoking？ Jumping from job to job means losing some benefit. 7.regret to do sth.对某事感到遗憾 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 I regret to tell you that you failed the test. I regret lending him so much money. He never paid me back.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
他忘不了过去痛苦的回忆。 He could not rid himself of the painful memories. 你来了就省得我去麻烦写一封信了。 Your coming relieves me of the bother of writing a letter. Economically/emotionally/socially deprived 经济困难的/情感失落的/社会遗弃的
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
3. stop/cease to do sth.停止手中的事去做另一件事 Stop/cease doing sth.停止正在做的事情 We stopped to have a rest. I really must stop smoking. 4. go on to do sth.继续做另一件事情 go on doing sth.继续作正在做的事 The president welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the college regulations. Peter went on sleeping despite the noise outside.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
句型4： 以名词短语（WH疑问词+不定式短语）作宾语
WH疑问词（who, what, which, where, how, when等，一般不用why）后接不定式构成名 词短语，可以充作完全及物动词的宾语。例 Can you tell me where to find him? I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
2013-11-24 制作/主讲：张同德 东华理工大学
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但表示的 意义不同。不定式一般表示事情尚未发生；而动名 词则表示事情已经发生于这些动词之前。 1. remember to do sth.记得将要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得已经做过某事 Please remember to take the medicine.（还没吃） I remember taking the medicine.（已经吃过） 2. forget to do sth.忘记了该做的事情 forget doing sth.忘记了已经做过了的事情 I forgot to mail the letter. （没有发信） I forgot mailing the letter. （忘记曾经发过信）