Towards Performance Monitoring of an Intelligent Lower Leg Orthosis

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英语作文新学期在学习方面提高自己的打算

英语作文新学期在学习方面提高自己的打算全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Improving Myself in Studies in the New SemesterAs a new semester begins, I am determined to improve myself in various aspects of my studies. In the previous semester, I had some setbacks and challenges that hindered my academic progress. However, I believe that with the right mindset and strategies, I can overcome these obstacles and achieve my academic goals in the new semester.One of the key areas I want to focus on is time management.I realize that I often procrastinate and leave things until the last minute, which leads to rushed work and poor grades. To address this issue, I plan to create a detailed study schedule that allocates time for each subject and assignment. By prioritizing my tasks and breaking them down into smaller, manageable chunks, I can ensure that I stay on track and complete my work in a timely manner.Additionally, I aim to improve my study habits and techniques. Instead of simply reading through my notespassively, I want to engage with the material actively by asking questions, making connections, and practicing problem-solving.I also plan to seek help from my teachers and classmates whenever I encounter difficulties, as collaboration and feedback are essential for learning and growth.Furthermore, I want to set specific academic goals for the new semester. By defining clear objectives and milestones, I can stay motivated and focused on my studies. Whether it's improving my grades in a particular subject or mastering a new skill, having a target to work towards will drive me to push myself and strive for excellence.In conclusion, the new semester presents an opportunity for me to enhance my academic performance and reach my full potential. By prioritizing time management, refining my study habits, and setting clear goals, I am confident that I can overcome any challenges and make significant progress in my studies. I am excited for the journey ahead and look forward to seeing the positive impact of my efforts on my academic success.篇2Improving My Study Plan for the New SemesterAs a new semester begins, I have taken it upon myself to make some changes in my study habits in order to achieve better results. I have identified some key areas where I can improve and have come up with a plan to help me reach my academic goals.First and foremost, I plan to establish a consistent study routine. This means setting aside dedicated time each day to focus on my studies, whether it be reviewing class notes, completing assignments, or preparing for exams. By creating a study schedule and sticking to it, I am confident that I can better manage my time and stay on top of my coursework.In addition to a regular study routine, I have also decided to adopt more effective study strategies. This includes actively engaging with the material by asking questions, participating in class discussions, and seeking help from teachers or peers when needed. I also plan to make use of resources such as textbooks, online tutorials, and study groups to deepen my understanding of the subjects I am studying.Furthermore, I aim to improve my learning environment by minimizing distractions and creating a space conducive to studying. This means turning off my phone, finding a quiet place to work, and organizing my study materials in a way that is efficient and organized. By eliminating distractions andoptimizing my study environment, I believe that I can maximize my focus and productivity.Another important aspect of my study plan is setting specific, achievable goals for each subject or course. By breaking down my academic objectives into smaller, manageable tasks, I can track my progress and stay motivated to continue working towards my goals. I also plan to regularly assess my performance and adjust my study plan as needed to ensure that I am on track to achieve the results I desire.In conclusion, I am committed to improving my study habits and enhancing my academic performance in the new semester. By implementing a consistent study routine, adopting effective study strategies, creating a conducive learning environment, setting specific goals, and monitoring my progress, I am confident that I can achieve success in my studies. I am excited to begin this new chapter and look forward to seeing the positive impact of my efforts on my academic performance.篇3Improving Myself in Studies in the New SemesterAs a new semester begins, it is important for me to set goals and make plans on how to improve myself in studies. There areseveral strategies that I will implement to enhance my learning experience and achieve academic success.Firstly, I will prioritize my time and manage it effectively. I will create a study schedule that includes specific times for studying different subjects, completing assignments, and reviewing materials. By organizing my time efficiently, I will be able to balance my academic work with other responsibilities and still have time for leisure activities.Secondly, I will actively participate in class discussions and ask questions when I do not understand a concept. By engaging with the material and seeking clarification when needed, I will have a better understanding of the topics covered in class. Additionally, I will take thorough notes during lectures and review them regularly to reinforce my learning.Furthermore, I will make use of various resources to supplement my studies. I will utilize textbooks, online resources, and study guides to deepen my understanding of the subject matter. I will also form study groups with classmates to collaborate on assignments and prepare for exams together.Moreover, I will set specific academic goals for myself and track my progress throughout the semester. By setting achievable goals, such as improving my grades in a particularsubject or mastering a challenging topic, I will stay motivated and focused on my studies.In conclusion, by implementing these strategies and being proactive in my approach to learning, I am confident that I will improve myself in studies and achieve academic success in the new semester. I am excited to embark on this journey of growth and look forward to the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.。

小学上册第七次英语第五单元自测题

小学上册英语第五单元自测题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A pulley can help lift heavy ______.2.The _____ (sun/cloud) is shining.3.My favorite game is ________ (捉迷藏) with my friends in the ________ (操场).4.What is the primary color of the ocean?A. BlueB. GreenC. BrownD. YellowA5.I help my sister with her ____.6. A _____ (植物研究合作) can lead to groundbreaking discoveries.7.I enjoy playing _____ (桌面游戏) with friends.8.In geography, __________ refers to the study of maps and locations. (制图)9.My dad enjoys going to the ____ (gym).10.The bumblebee makes _____.11.She has a ___ (happy/sad) expression.12.The Earth's surface is home to diverse ecosystems, including ______ and wetlands.13.The __________ (历史的回响) lingers in memory.14.The ancient Greeks held festivals to honor their _____.15.The ______ helps with the sense of touch.16.What is the capital of the Solomon Islands?A. HoniaraB. GizoC. MalaitaD. MakiraA Honiara17.What do we call the time of year when it rains the most?A. SummerB. SpringC. AutumnD. Winter18.The __________ (旅游业) boosts the local economy.19.She is _____ (coloring/drawing) a picture.20.The pelican's beak is designed to catch ______ (鱼).21.My favorite animal at the zoo is a _______ (大象).22.The ant is very ________________ (勤劳).23.What is the name of the famous statue in Rio de Janeiro?A. Christ the RedeemerB. Statue of LibertyC. DavidD. Venus de MiloA24.Iron reacts with oxygen to form _______.25.The _____ (train/bike) is coming.26.My sister loves to __________ (进行科学实验).27.Where do penguins live?A. DesertB. ForestC. ArcticD. AntarcticaD28. A __________ can lead to the extinction of species.29.The clock ticks ______ (loudly).30.What is the opposite of 'big'?A. LargeB. SmallC. HeavyD. LightB31.Fossils are often found in sedimentary ______ that formed over millions of years.32.The concept of climate adaptation focuses on preparing for the impacts of ______ change.33.I am inspired by __________ because he/she achieved so much. His/Her story motivates me to work hard and follow my dreams. I hope to be like him/her one day.34.I like to ______ my grandparents during holidays. (visit)35.My cousin loves to __________. (唱歌)36.I love to play ______ (乐器) like the guitar and piano. Music is a big part of my life.37.What is the biggest ocean in the world?A. AtlanticB. IndianC. ArcticD. Pacific38. A ______ is a type of chemical analysis.39.What is the name of the famous English playwright?A. Charles DickensB. George Bernard ShawC. William ShakespeareD. J.K. RowlingC40.The __________ (历史的交织) fosters collaboration.41. A ______ is a type of animal that can run very fast.42.What is the name of the popular series about a boy who attends a school for wizards?A. Harry PotterB. Percy JacksonC. NarniaD. Lord of the RingsA43.I have a ___ (big) imagination.44.I love spending time outdoors, especially at the __________.45. A turtle can live both in ______ (水) and on land.46.The boiling point of ethanol is ______ degrees Celsius.47.In the winter, I love to go __________. (滑雪)48.My dad enjoys helping me with ____.49.What is the largest planet in our solar system?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Saturn50. A ____(sustainability partnership) works towards shared environmental goals.51. A ______ (植物园) is a great place to learn about different species.52.The capital of Pakistan is _______.53.I need to ________ my homework.54.What do we call the science of studying the Eart h’s physical features?A. GeologyB. GeographyC. CartographyD. OceanographyB55. A _______ reaction occurs when substances combine to form a new substance.56.What do we call the process of monitoring and managing natural resources?A. Resource managementB. ConservationC. SustainabilityD. PreservationA57. A __________ (元素周期表) helps classify elements based on their properties.58. A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons is called an ______ bond.59.I take _____ (照片) of my friends.60. A simple machine helps us do _______.61.The train is ______ (fast) and convenient.62.What do we use to write on paper?A. CrayonB. BrushC. SpoonD. Shoe63.The __________ (历史的传承机制) ensures continuity.64.Sound waves can be ______ by different materials.65.We are going to the ___. (fair) this weekend.66.She likes to eat ______ (pizza).67.I want to _____ (understand) plant biology.68.What do you call the study of living things?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. GeographyC69.What is the capital of Brazil?A. Rio de JaneiroB. BrasíliaC. São PauloD. Salvador70.They are playing _____ the park. (in)71.The _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) sought to end racial segregation and discrimination.72.Did you see the _______ (小变色龙) change colors?73.What do we call the study of plant life?A. BotanyB. ZoologyC. EcologyD. Agriculture74.The rainbow is _____ in the sky. (bright)75.What is the capital of Myanmar?A. NaypyidawB. YangonC. MandalayD. BaganA76. A walrus has long ________________ (象牙).posting can provide ______ (天然肥料) for gardens.78.I want to learn how to ________ (做蛋糕).79.What is the opposite of 'old'?A. AncientB. YoungC. AdultD. Elderly80.The chemical formula for sodium thiosulfate is ______.81.What is the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. DolphinC. WhaleD. OctopusC82.What do we call the process of converting light into energy in plants?A. RespirationB. PhotosynthesisC. DigestionD. Fermentation83.The chemical formula for ammonium nitrate is _______.84.The bear catches _____ in the stream.85._____ (城市花园) can help improve air quality.86.My sister is very ________.87.What do we call a place where you can buy books?A. LibraryB. BookstoreC. MarketD. SchoolB88.The concept of a multiverse suggests the existence of _______ universes.89.The tortoise can pull its head into its _________ (壳).90.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. MoonB. StarsC. SunD. WindC91.The __________ can show the effects of erosion and sedimentation.92.What do you call a place where animals are kept?A. ZooB. FarmC. BarnD. ForestA93.What do you call a group of stars?A. PlanetB. GalaxyC. Solar SystemD. ConstellationD94.The eagle's eyesight allows it to see ______ (远).95.What is the opposite of 'big'?A. LargeB. HugeC. SmallD. TallC96.The bear forages for food in the dense ____.97. A _______ is a mixture of two or more elements where the composition is uniform.98.What is the primary ingredient in pancakes?A. RiceB. FlourC. CornD. Oats99.Did you see a _______ (小蜈蚣) crawling on the ground?100.In which country is the Eiffel Tower located?A. ItalyB. GermanyC. FranceD. Spain。

百米赢起点,马拉松跑耐力的英语作文

百米赢起点,马拉松跑耐力的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Running the Good Race: The Importance of Explosive Starts and Lasting EnduranceAs a young track athlete, I've learned that success in different racing events requires cultivating distinct physical and mental qualities. While short sprints like the 100-meter dash call for an incredibly explosive start and raw speed, longer endurance events like the marathon demand a remarkable ability to maintain a strong, steady pace over an extended period of time. Developing both of these divergent skills is key to becoming a versatile, well-rounded runner.The Explosive Start: Attacking the 100mWhen it comes to the 100-meter sprint, getting out of the blocks with incredible force and acceleration is absolutely critical. The opening steps quite literally set the tone for the entire race. With races often being decided by margins as small as hundredths of a second, any sluggishness or hesitation off theline can completely derail one's chances of victory before you've even really begun.Proper starting technique involves driving powerfully out of the blocks while leaning at around a 45-degree angle, utilizing an aggressive forward knee drive to rapidly build momentum. But perhaps even more important than pure technique is the ferocious mentality required. Sprinters need an unrelenting competitive fire, a willingness to be first out of the blocks and attack the race with everything they've got from that opening gun. There's no time for uncertainties or holding back in a furious 100m dash.Of course, raw physical abilities like stride power, stride frequency, and fast-twitch muscle composition play major roles too. But I've seen many naturally gifted sprinters get beaten by those with more controlled, composed starting approaches and hunger to get out and simply seize control of the race early on. Remaining calm yet aggressive, narrowly focused yet aware of opponents' positioning—it's an incredibly delicate balance to strike when the marginfor error is so slim.Ultimately, while sprinters need to be explosive from start to finish, hitting top speeds as efficiently as possible, the first 10-20 meters of storing and unleashing energy from the blocks isperhaps the most crucial, defined segment. Getting out with incredible drive and power puts competitors on their heels immediately and sets the stage for a blazing finish. It's the key initial strike that the whole race hinges upon.The Lasting Endurance: Conquering the MarathonWhile elite sprinters are wired for neuromuscular explosiveness above all else, the world's greatest marathoners are crafted from a distinctly different cloth. Yes, they need to be swift, lightweight, and incredibly strong to sustain grueling paces for such ludicrously long distances. But perhaps their most remarkable asset is an unshakable mental fortitude and tolerance for arduous physical strain.Training for the marathon tests the extreme limits of human endurance capacity. During the height of training cycles, these endurance monsters will routinely clock 100-mile weeks while hardly batting an eye. They'll pound out 20-mile long runs and follow them up just a day or two later with incredibly difficult intense workouts like 10-mile reps at race pace or severe hill repeats. Their bodies must become extraordinarily durable and efficient machines, capable of putting in massive volumes of work without breaking down.But even more impressive is the mental toughness and resilience required. At the end of a 20-plus mile marathon, runners will inevitably encounter incredible surges of fatigue, pain, nausea, dehydration, and an overwhelming desire to simply stop and rest. Every natural instinct will scream at them to ease off the torturous pace. It's in these darkest depths, however, that truly great marathoners are able to maintain laser focus, embrace and push through the agony, and continue drilling out mile after grueling mile.It's an astonishingly difficult test of sheer mental grit and willpower over the limits of physical endurance. The best marathoners don't just tolerate discomfort, they actively seek it out and develop a stubborn resistance to succumbing to that burning desire to quit when their bodies beg for mercy. They treat these abusive distances as powerful mental forgers, callousing their minds against any urge to slow or surrender.In stark opposition to explosive sprinters who gain huge advantages by going all-out early, elite marathoners must embrace an opposite mindset of patient, controlled aggression. Every step of those 26.2 miles must be treated as just another single stride in a much larger journey. Getting out too quickly or losing form could be disastrous, resulting in a dramatic burnoutor breakdown down the road. Constant mental discipline, focus, and restraint is needed to attack the distance in efficient, metroded fashion.The yin and yang between 100m and marathon running is clear. Sprinters are pushed to their absolute physical limits for around 10 seconds or less, making power development and pure speed key factors. Marathoners are pushed far past perceived limits of human endurance for over 2 hours, requiring tremendous aerobic conditioning but also remarkably strong mental grit and resilience. One prizes furious explosiveness while the other values steady, controlled aggression.Yet, at their core, both sprinters and marathoners are simply pursuing the same competitive desire -- to cover a set distance faster than anyone else. And whether that's an all-out 100m blitz or an arduous 26.2-mile grind, developing the key physical and mental skills required is of paramount importance. As a young runner, I've still got lots to learn in mastering both the explosive start and lasting endurance needed to find success across disciplines. But that variety is part of what makes the sport so compelling and rewarding to pursue. The journey of developing the speed, strength, and iron will to be a true student of running in all its forms is an incredibly fulfilling one.篇2The 100m Dash: The Starting Point for Marathon EnduranceAs a student, my passion for running has grown exponentially over the years. What started as a mere physical education requirement in elementary school has blossomed into an all-consuming love affair with the art of endurance running. However, the journey to becoming a seasoned marathoner began with the seemingly simple yet deceptively complex 100m dash.The 100m dash, often referred to as the "shortest forever," is a test of pure speed, explosive power, and unwavering focus. It is a discipline that demands every fiber of your being to be in perfect harmony, propelling you forward with reckless abandon towards the finish line. The mere thought of lining up on those starting blocks, coiled like a spring, sends a surge of adrenaline coursing through my veins.Yet, it was in mastering this fleeting burst of velocity that I discovered the foundational principles of endurance running. The 100m taught me the importance of technique, the necessity of meticulous preparation, and the unyielding determination required to push beyond perceived limits.Technique, in the world of sprinting, is paramount. Every minute adjustment of the body, from the positioning of the hands to the angle of the torso, can mean the difference between victory and defeat. It was through endless hours of drilling, analyzing video footage, and refining my form that I learned the value of precision and attention to detail – lessons that would prove invaluable in the grueling miles of a marathon.Preparation, too, played a crucial role in my development as a sprinter. The hours spent in the weight room, meticulously crafting a training regimen, and adhering to a strict diet were not merely physical endeavors but exercises in discipline and commitment. These habits, ingrained during my sprinting days, would later become the bedrock upon which my endurance training would be built.However, it was the indomitable will to succeed, forged in the crucible of the 100m dash, that truly set me on the path to marathoning. The sheer audacity of hurling oneself down the track, every muscle screaming in protest, every breath a desperate gasp for oxygen, was a testament to the inextinguishable flame of human determination. This uncompromising drive, honed through countless races andcountless failures, would become the fuel that propelled me through the darkest miles of a 26.2-mile odyssey.As I transitioned from the world of sprinting to that of endurance running, the lessons learned on the track remained indelibly etched into my being. The attention to form, the meticulous preparation, and the unwavering determination all coalesced into a potent arsenal, equipping me to tackle the seemingly insurmountable challenges that lay ahead.The marathon, a test of endurance and mental fortitude unlike any other, revealed itself to be a canvas upon which the principles of sprinting could be painted on a grander scale. The precision of footstrike, the economy of movement, and the unwavering focus – all hallmarks of a successful sprinter –became the brush strokes that carried me through the agonizing miles.Yet, it was in the realm of preparation that the true synthesis of sprinting and marathoning occurred. The hours spent meticulously crafting training plans, monitoring nutrition, and analyzing performance data were not dissimilar to the rigorous regimens of my sprinting days. The only difference lay in the scale – instead of mere seconds, I was now preparing for hours upon hours of relentless forward motion.And then, there was the indomitable will – the unbreakable spirit that refused to be cowed by the searing pain and overwhelming fatigue. This unyielding determination, forged in the crucible of the 100m dash, became the bedrock upon which my marathon performances were built. Each step, each mile, was a testament to the unquenchable fire that burned within, a fire ignited by countless battles on the track.As I crossed the finish line of my first marathon, the culmination of years of training and countless sacrifices, I could not help but reflect on the unlikely path that had led me to this moment. The 100m dash, once a fleeting burst of speed and power, had become the foundation upon which my endurance was built. The lessons learned on that short, unforgiving stretch of track had become the guiding principles that carried me through the darkest valleys and highest peaks of the marathon journey.In that moment, I realized that the 100m dash and the marathon were not disparate disciplines, but rather two sides of the same coin – a coin forged in the fires of human determination and resilience. The sprinter's explosive power and the marathoner's unwavering endurance were merely different manifestations of the same indomitable spirit.And so, as I lace up my shoes for yet another training session, I do so with a profound appreciation for the journey that has brought me to this point. The 100m dash, once a mere fleeting moment in time, has become the starting point for a lifetime of endurance, a lifetime of pushing boundaries and defying limitations.For in the end, the true victory lies not in the fleeting moments of glory, but in the relentless pursuit of greatness – a pursuit that begins with the first explosive step off the starting blocks and culminates in the inextinguishable flame of endurance that burns within us all.篇3Starting Out as a Sprinter: My Love for the 100m DashAs a young kid, I was always drawn to the thrill and excitement of the 100m sprint. There was something exhilarating about digging my feet into the starting blocks, tensing every muscle in my body, and exploding out of those blocks with every ounce of power and speed I could muster. Those few blistering seconds where I propelled myself down the straightaway, legs churning and arms pumping, heart pounding out of my chest, were absolute bliss.I loved the simplicity and purity of the 100m dash. It was just me against the clock and the runners in the other lanes. No strategies to employ, no equipment needed beyond some spikes and a desire to be the fastest human being over that one blazing stretch of track. While other kids dreamed of being firefighters or astronauts, I fantasized about launching out of those blocks and blowing away the competition with my blistering speed.Through hard work and an intense training regime of weights, plyometrics, and burnout sprints, I became pretty darn good at the 100m by the time I reached high school. I won city and regional championships, lowered my personal best time over and over, and even set a new state record my senior year. The 100m was my baby, my first true love in the sport of track and field.However, my high school coach, a grizzled old-timer named Coach Hendricks, kept encouraging me to venture out and try some longer distances. "With your speed and growing endurance, you could be one hell of a quarter-miler or even an 800m runner," he'd tell me. But I always resisted, content to revel in my speciality of those furious 100m sprints.The College Transition: Developing EnduranceWhen I went off to university, everything changed. I joined the track team, eager to continue dominating the 100m at the collegiate level. But the team's head coach, Coach Franklin, had different ideas for my future as a runner."Son, you've got a huge engine burning inside you," he said in his distinctive Southern drawl after watching me practice some 100m reps. "But you're just using premium high-octane gas to power a lawnmower engine right now. You need to start tapping into that fuel to run a bigger, longer race. You were born to be a mid-distance or distance runner."At first, I just laughed off Coach Franklin's suggestions that I move up to the 800m or beyond. How could this guy not recognize my world-class 100m speed? Why would I want to turn into some plodding distance runner?But Franklin was persuasive and he was the coach, so I agreed to at least work on building my endurance in parallel with my speed work. We kept doing sprints and blocks to maintain my explosive start, but we started adding longer tempo runs, fartlek workouts, and even threw in some Sunday morning long runs of 10-12 miles.Gradually, almost imperceptibly at first, I started to develop a entire new dimension to my running ability. My stops and popsover 100m were as electric as ever, but now I could continue surging well past that point and maintain my speed for200m...400m...800m. A completely new world of running possibilities opened up before me.The 800m became my new passion. I loved the balance and contrasts: the need for explosive speed out of the blocks and on that initial lap, coupled with the endurance and controlled burn required to power through that brutal second lap. By my sophomore year of college, I was not only winning 800m races pretty consistently, but I was setting new personal bests of breaking long-standing school records."Told you so," a grinning Coach Franklin would saw after each new 800m triumph. "You're just scratching the surface of your potential as a runner right now."Becoming a Miler and Then...A Marathoner?As a junior, I began doubling in the 800m and 1500m events, using my newfound endurance to power through the four laps of the metric mile. While others would die on that final lap, struggling just to maintain their form, I would surge past the fading field with a convicinting kick, rekindling the speed from my sprinting days. The mile became my new sweet spot, my newspecialty in which I could hang with the frontrunners through three laps before outkicking them in that final 400m lap.But true to his wisdom, Coach Franklin kept nudging me towards even greater distances. "You've got the endurance and the speed to be a great 5k runner. You might even have what it takes to be a marathoner someday if you really put in the training."A marathoner? Me?? The kid who had always just loved that furious 100m sprint? It seemed laughable at the time. A 5k race of 3.1 miles was about my limit in terms of mental and physical endurance.Yet Coach Franklin kept pushing me out the door for those Sunday morning long runs, slowly increasing the mileage. 10 miles. 12 miles. 15 miles. I started to feel a strange new sense of exhilaration and freedom in those long road runs, just me and the pounding rhythm of my footsteps for 2-3 hours in my own head.When I toed the line for local 10k and then evenhalf-marathon road races, I stunned myself by not only completing them, but placing well thanks to my turnover speed that guys struggled to match. Maybe...just maybe...CoachFranklin was right. Maybe the marathon was a viable possibility after all.The 26.2 Mile DreamNow as my senior year is winding down, I've gone "all in" on Franklin's marathon dream for me. When I'm not studying or in class, I'm out on the roads running miles and miles, building up that endurance engine for the big 26.2 mile test that awaits me at the local marathon in a few months' time.I'll never abandon or forget my roots as a 100m sprinting specialist. There's still a rushwhen I uncoil out of the blocks and open up my stride to stride like a gazelle in those hard speed sessions.But increasingly, my true love in running has evolved into a desire to see just how far, how outrageously long of a distance, this body can propel itself when trained for endurance rather than pure speed. There's a raw, almost spiritual simplicity to the marathon that appeals to me: Just me and my shoes...and 26.2 miles of road stretching out before me.I want to know what lies at the farthest limits of my physical and mental stamina. I want to experience the pain cave that marathon runners speak of, that point about 20 miles in whereyour body starts crying "Uncle!" but your spirit and will refuse to quit. I want to feel that tremendous rush of accomplishment when I finally turn that last corner and catch sight of the finish line after racing for 2-3 hours straight.Who would have thought that a kid who used to just glory in those furious 100m sprints would now be attacking the marathon, that iconic challenge most runners spend their whole careers shying away from? My old friend, the 100m dash, will always hold a special place in my heart. But 26.2 miles is my new obsession, my ultimate test.I'll always thank Coach Franklin for having the wisdom and vision to tap into my full endurance potential beyond just a blazing quarter of a lap around the track. Without his guidance, I might have plateaued as "just" a great high school level 100m runner instead of transforming into the long-hauler I've now become.So as I lace up my shoes for another 20-miler on this warm spring morning, I feel that same rush of adrenaline as when I used to dig my feet into the blocks. It's just a different kind of rush now. One for the journey and the conquest of distances that used to seem impossible rather than blitzing one mad, glorious short sprint.Marathoners are known for taking it one step, one mile at a time. So here's to the first step of mile one...and to the sweet, sweet pride of one day crossing that fabled marathon finish line with this same body and Spirit that first fell in love with just running fast and free.。

IEEETransactionsonSmartGrid

MARCH2012VOLUME3NUMBER1ITSGBQ(ISSN1949-3053)REGULAR PAPERSHierarchical Fuzzy Logic System for Implementing Maintenance Schedules of Offshore Power Systems................. .................................................................................C.S.Chang,Z.Wang,F.Yang,and W.W.Tan3 Investigation of Economic and Environmental-Driven Demand Response Measures Incorporating UC.................... ......................................A.Abdollahi,M.Parsa Moghaddam,M.Rashidinejad,and M.K.Sheikh-El-Eslami12 Flexible Charging Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Grid Constraints........................... ....................................................................................................O.Sundström and C.Binding26 A Controlled Filtering Method for Estimating Harmonics of Off-Nominal Frequencies..................................... ........................................ C.A.G.Marques,M.V.Ribeiro,C.A.Duque,P.F.Ribeiro,and E.A.B.da Silva38 Coordinated Energy Cost Management of Distributed Internet Data Centers in Smart Grid................................. ...............................................................................................L.Rao,X.Liu,L.Xie,and W.Liu50 Wide-Area Measurement Based Dynamic Stochastic Optimal Power Flow Control for Smart Grids With High Variabilityand Uncertainty.......................................................J.Liang,G.K.Venayagamoorthy,and R.G.Harley59 Optimal Combined Bidding of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Services...................E.Sortomme and M.A.El-Sharkawi70 Residential Appliances Identiﬁcation and Monitoring by a Nonintrusive Method..................Z.Wang and G.Zheng80(Contents Continued on page1)(Contents Continued from Front Cover)Modes of Operation and System-Level Control of Single-Phase Bidirectional PWM Converter for Microgrid Systems.. ...................................D.Dong,T.Thacker,I.Cvetkovic,R.Burgos,D.Boroyevich,F.F.Wang,and G.Skutt93 Generation-Load Mismatch Detection and Analysis...............................................R.M.Gardner and Y.Liu105 A Fault Location Technique for Two-Terminal Multisection Compound Transmission Lines Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements................................................................C.-W.Liu,T.-C.Lin,C.-S.Yu,and J.-Z.Yang113 Modeling and Control System Design of a Grid Connected VSC Considering the Effect of the Interface Transformer Type.................................................................................................H.Mahmood and J.Jiang122 Proﬁle of Charging Load on the Grid Due to Plug-in Vehicles................S.Shahidinejad,S.Filizadeh,and E.Bibeau135 Sizing of Energy Storage for Microgrids...........................................S.X.Chen,H.B.Gooi,and M.Q.Wang142 On the Accuracy Versus Transparency Trade-Off of Data-Mining Models for Fast-Response PMU-Based Catastrophe Predictors.........................................................................I.Kamwa,S.R.Samantaray,and G.Joós152 Optimal Power Allocation Under Communication Network Externalities..................................................... ..........................................................................M.G.Kallitsis,G.Michailidis,and M.Devetsikiotis162 Optimal PMU Placement by an Equivalent Linear Formulation for Exhaustive Search...................................... ......................................................S.Azizi,A.S.Dobakhshari,S.A.Nezam Sarmadi,and A.M.Ranjbar174 Towards Optimal Electric Demand Management for Internet Data Centers................J.Li,Z.Li,K.Ren,and X.Liu183 High Level Event Ontology for Multiarea Power System....................Y.Pradeep,S.A.Khaparde,and R.K.Joshi193 Linear Active Stabilization of Converter-Dominated DC Microgrids..........A.A.A.Radwan and Y.A.-R.I.Mohamed203 Analysis and Methodology to Segregate Residential Electricity Consumption in Different Taxonomies................... ...............................................................................J.D.Hobby,A.Shoshitaishvili,and G.H.Tucci217 Quality of Optical Channels in Wireless SCADA for Offshore Wind Farms..........................................X.Liu225 Calculating Frequency at Loads in Simulations of Electro-Mechanical Transients........J.Nutaro and V.Protopopescu233 Smart“Stick-on”Sensors for the Smart Grid........................................R.Moghe,mbert,and D.Divan241 The Load as an Energy Asset in a Distributed DC SmartGrid Architecture....R.S.Balog,W.W.Weaver,and P.T.Krein253 A Network Decoupling Transform for Phasor Data Based V oltage Stability Analysis and Monitoring..................... .............................................................................W.Xu,I.R.Pordanjani,Y.Wang,and E.Vaahedi261 A Two Ways Communication-Based Distributed Control for V oltage Regulation in Smart Distribution Feeders.......... ........................................................................H.E.Z.Farag,E.F.El-Saadany,and R.Seethapathy271 Investigation of Domestic Load Control to Provide Primary Frequency Response Using Smart Meters.................... .................................................................................K.Samarakoon,J.Ekanayake,and N.Jenkins282 SPECIAL SECTION ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION AND VEHICLE-TO-GRID APPLICATIONS GUEST EDITORIALSpecial Section on Transportation Electriﬁcation and Vehicle-to-Grid Applications................................A.Emadi295SPECIAL SECTION PAPERSA Novel Integrated Magnetic Structure Based DC/DC Converter for Hybrid Battery/Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Systems.............................................................................................O.C.Onar and A.Khaligh296 Performance Evaluation of an EDA-Based Large-Scale Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Algorithm............ ............................................................................................................W.Su and M.-Y.Chow308 Source-to-Wheel(STW)Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles....S.G.Wirasingha,R.Gremban,and A.Emadi316 Prototype Design and Controller Implementation for a Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System..........................................................................................Z.Amjadi and S.S.Williamson332 PEV Charging Proﬁle Prediction and Analysis Based on Vehicle Usage Data................................................ ......................................................................A.Ashtari,E.Bibeau,S.Shahidinejad,and T.Molinski341 Optimal Scheduling of Vehicle-to-Grid Energy and Ancillary Services..............E.Sortomme and M.A.El-Sharkawi351 Online Estimation of State of Charge in Li-Ion Batteries Using Impulse Response Concept................................ .......................................................................A.H.Ranjbar,A.Banaei,A.Khoobroo,and B.Fahimi360 Load Scheduling and Dispatch for Aggregators of Plug-In Electric Vehicles........D.Wu,D.C.Aliprantis,and L.Ying368 Catenary V oltage Support:Adopting Modern Locomotives With Active Line-Side Converters............................. ........................................................................................B.Bahrani,A.Rufer,and M.Aeberhard377 An Optimized EV Charging Model Considering TOU Price and SOC Curve................................................. ..................................................................Y.Cao,S.Tang,C.Li,P.Zhang,Y.Tan,Z.Zhang,and J.Li388(Contents Continued on page2)(Contents Continued from page1)Spatial and Temporal Model of Electric Vehicle Charging Demand...............................S.Bae and A.Kwasinski394 Study of PEV Charging on Residential Distribution Transformer Life......................................................... ......................................................................Q.Gong,S.Midlam-Mohler,V.Marano,and G.Rizzoni404 Evaluation and Efﬁciency Comparison of Front End AC-DC Plug-in Hybrid Charger Topologies.......................... .......................................................................F.Musavi,M.Edington,W.Eberle,and W.G.Dunford413 Design of a Novel Wavelet Based Transient Detection Unit for In-Vehicle Fault Determination and Hybrid Energy Storage Utilization.........................................................C.Sen,ama,T.Carciumaru,X.Lu,and N.C.Kar422 Vehicle-to-Aggregator Interaction Game..........................................C.Wu,H.Mohsenian-Rad,and J.Huang434 Optimized Bidding of a EV Aggregation Agent in the Electricity Market..................................................... .....................................................................R.J.Bessa,M.A.Matos,F.J.Soares,and J.A.P.Lopes443 Coordinating Vehicle-to-Grid Services With Energy Trading..............................A.T.Al-Awami and E.Sortomme453 Energy Management Optimization in a Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System............................ ...........................................................................................M.-E.Choi,S.-W.Kim,and S.-W.Seo463 BEVs/PHEVs as Dispersed Energy Storage for V2B Uses in the Smart Grid......C.Pang,P.Dutta,and M.Kezunovic473 An Evaluation of State-of-Charge Limitations and Actuation Signal Energy Content on Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Grid Reliability,and Economics...................................C.Quinn,D.Zimmerle,and T.H.Bradley483 Modeling of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Demand in Probabilistic Power Flow Calculations................ ............................................................................................................G.Li and X.-P.Zhang492 The Evolution of Plug-In Electric Vehicle-Grid Interactions......................................D.P.Tuttle and R.Baldick500 Methodology to Analyze the Economic Effects of Electric Cars as Energy Storages......................................... ssila,J.Haakana,V.Tikka,and J.Partanen506 An Economic Analysis of Used Electric Vehicle Batteries Integrated Into Commercial Building Microgrids............. .............................................S.Beer,T.Gómez,D.Dallinger,I.Momber,C.Marnay,M.Stadler,and i517 Transport-Based Load Modeling and Sliding Mode Control of Plug-In Electric Vehicles for Robust Renewable Power Tracking............................................................................................S.Bashash and H.K.Fathy526 Intelligent Energy Resource Management Considering Vehicle-to-Grid:A Simulated Annealing Approach.............. ..........................................................................T.Sousa,H.Morais,Z.Vale,P.Faria,and J.Soares535 Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles and Demand Response With Customer Choice........................................ ...............................................................................S.Shao,M.Pipattanasomporn,and S.Rahman543 Analysis of the Filters Installed in the Interconnection Points Between Different Railway Supply Systems............... ......................................................................................................M.Brenna and F.Foiadelli551 Autonomous Distributed V2G(Vehicle-to-Grid)Satisfying Scheduled Charging............................................. ............................................Y.Ota,H.Taniguchi,T.Nakajima,K.M.Liyanage,J.Baba,and A.Yokoyama559 Implementation of Vehicle to Grid Infrastructure Using Fuzzy Logic Controller.........M.Singh,P.Kumar,and I.Kar565。

Intel Corporation

Impact of JIT JVM Optimizations on Java Application Performance¢K. Shiv , R. Iyer , C. Newburn , J. Dahlstedt , M. Lagergren and O. Lindholm Intel Corporation BEA Systems¢ ¢ ¢ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡AbstractWith the promise of machine independence and efﬁcient portability, JAVA has gained widespread popularity in the industry. Along with this promise comes the need for designing an efﬁcient runtime environment that can provide high-end performance for Java-based applications. In other words, the performance of Java applications depends heavily on the design and optimization of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). In this paper, we start by evaluating the performance of a Java server application (SPECjbb2000 ) on an Intel platform running a rudimentary JVM. We present a measurement-based methodology for identifying areas of potential improvement and subsequently evaluating the effect of JVM optimizations and other platform optimizations. The compiler optimizations presented and discussed in this paper include peephole optimizations and Java speciﬁc optimizations. In addition, we also study the effect of optimizing the garbage collection mechanism and the effect of improved locking strategies. The identiﬁcation and analysis of these optimizations are guided by the detailed knowledge of the micro-architecture and the use of performance measurement and proﬁling tools (EMON and VTune) on Intel platforms.1 IntroductionThe performance of Java client/server applications has been the topic of signiﬁcant interest in the recent years. The attraction that Java offers is the promise of portability across all hardware platforms. This is accomplished by using a managed runtime engine called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that runs a machine-independent representation of Java applications called bytecodes. The most common mode of application execution is based on a Just-InTime (JIT) compiler that compiles the bytecodes into native machine instructions. These native machine instructions are also cached in order to allow for fast re-use of the frequently executed code sequences. Apart from the JIT compilation, the JVM also performs several functions including thread management and garbage collection. This brings us to the reason for our study i.e. Java application performance depends very heavily on the efﬁcient execution of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Our goal in this paper is to characterize, optimize and evaluate a JVM while running a representative Java application. Over the last few years, several projects (from academia as well as in the industry) [1,2,4,7,8,9,10,15,16,21] have studied various aspects of Java applications, compilers and interpreters. We found that R. Radhakrishnan et al. [16] cover a brief description of much of the recent work on this subject. In addition, they also provide insights on architectural implications of Java client workloads based on SPECjvm98 [18]. Overall, the published work can be classiﬁed into the following general areas of focus: (1) presenting the design of a compiler, JVM or interpreter, (2) optimizing a certain aspect of Java code execution, and (3) discussing the application performance and architectural characterization. In this paper, we take a somewhat different approach touching upon all the three aspects listed above. We present the software architecture of a commercial JVM, identify several optimizations and characterize the performance of a representative Java server benchmark through several phases of code generation optimizations carried out on a JVM. Our contributions in this paper are as follows. We start by characterizing SPECjbb2000 [17] performance on Intel platforms running an early version of BEA’s JRockit JVM [3]. We then identify various possible optimizations (borrowing ideas from literature wherever possible), present the implementation details of these optimizations in the JVM and analyze the effect of each optimization on the execution characteristics and overall performance. Our performance characterization and evaluation methodology is based on hardware measurements on Intel platforms - using performance counters (EMON) and a sophisticated proﬁler (VTune [11]) that allows us to characterize various regions of software execution. The code generation enhancements that we implement and evaluate include (1) code quality improvements such as peephole optimizations, (2) dynamic code optimizations, (3) parallel garbage collection and (4) ﬁne-grained locks. The outcome of our work is the detailed analysis and breakdown of beneﬁts based on these individual optimizations added to the JVM. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 covers a detailed overview of the BEA JRockit JVM, the measurement-based characterization methodology and the SPECjbb2000 benchmark. Section 3 discusses the opti-¤ ¥£2 Background and MethodologyIn this section, we present a detailed overview of JRockit (the commercial JVM used) [3], SPECjbb2000 (the Java server benchmark) [17] and the optimization and performance evaluation methodology and tools.Figure 1. The SPECjbb2000 Benchmark Process2.1 Architecture of the JRockit JVMThe goal of the JRockit project is to build a fast and efﬁcient JVM for server applications. The virtual machine should be made as platform independent as possible without sacriﬁcing platform speciﬁc advantages. Some of the considerations included reliability, scalability, nondisruptiveness and of course, high performance. JRockit starts up differently from most ordinary Java JVMs by ﬁrst JIT-compiling the methods it encounters during startup. When the Java application is running, JRockit has a bottleneck detector active in the background to collect runtime statistics. If a method is executed frequently and found to be a bottleneck, it is sent to the Optimization Manager subsystem for aggressive optimization. The old method is replaced by the optimized one while the program is running. In this way, JRockit is using adaptive optimization to improve code performance. JRockit relies upon a fast JIT-compiler for unoptimized methods, as opposed to interpretative byte-code execution. Other JVMs such as Jalapeno/Jikes [23] have used similar approaches. It is important to optimize the garbage collection mechanism in any JVM in order to avoid disruption and provide maximum performance to the Java application. JRockit provides several alternatives for garbage collection. The ”parallel collector” utilizes all available processors on the host computer when doing a garbage collection. This means that the garbage collector runs on all processors, but not concurrently with the Java program. JRockit also has a concurrent collector which is designed to run without ”stopping the world”, if non-disruptiveness is the most important factor. To complete the server side design, JRockit also contains an advanced thread model, that makes it possible to run several thousands of Java threads as light weight tasks in a very scalable fashion.The database component requirement common to three-tier workloads is emulated using binary trees of objects. The clients are similarly replaced by driver threads. Thus, the whole benchmark runs on a single computer system, and all the three tiers run within the same JVM. The benchmark process is illustrated in Figure 1. The SPECjbb2000 application is somewhat loosely based on the TPC-C [20] speciﬁcation for its schema, input generation, and operation proﬁle. However, the SPECjbb2000 benchmark only stresses the server-side Java execution of incoming requests and replaces all database tables with Java classes and all data records with Java objects. Unlike TPC-C where the database execution requires disk I/O to retrieve tables, in SPECjbb2000 disk I/O is completely avoided by holding the objects in memory. Since users do not reside on external client systems, there is no network IO in SPECjbb2000 [17]. SPECjbb2000 measures the throughput of the underlying Java platform, which is the rate at which business operations are performed per second. A full benchmark run consists of a sequence of measurement points with an increasing number of warehouses (and thus an increasing number of threads), and each measurement point is work done during a 2-minute run at a given number of warehouses. The number of warehouses is increased from 1 until at least 8. The throughputs for all the points from N warehouses to 2*N inclusive warehouses are averaged, where N is the number of warehouses with best performance. This average is the SPECjbb2000 metric.2.3 Performance Optimization and Evaluation MethodologyThe approach that we have taken is evolutionary. Beginning with an early version of JRockit, performance was analyzed and potential improvements were identiﬁed. Appropriate changes were made to the JVM and the new version of the JVM was then tested to verify that the modiﬁcations did deliver the expected improvements. The new version of the JVM was then analyzed in its turn for the next stage of performance optimizations. The types of performance optimizations that we investigated were two-fold. Changes were made to the JIT so that the quality of the generated code was superior, and changes were made to other parts of the JVM, particularly to the Garbage Collector, Object Allo-2.2 Overview of the SPECjbb2000 BenchmarkSPECjbb2000 is Java Business Benchmark from SPEC that evaluates the performance of Server Side Java. It emulates a three-tier system, with business logic and object manipulation, the work of the middle layer predominating.$ ' i7 f 8"" h g`e V (d"cb #! '6 § a X & !! ' § $ '$1 Y "! (#© W" %$V T S RE BIHG FE D A U(QP 3(#3 BC 3 9@ &! ¦ &6 4 $ $© #! (87 #(¨5$ #! 321 " # 0 $ ' ' ' "#) ( & $ #! %© $ #" ! © § ¨¦mizations - how they were identiﬁed, implemented and their performance evaluation. Section 4 summarizes the breakdown of the performance beneﬁts and where they came from. Section 5 concludes this paper with some direction on future work in this area.Figure 2. Processor Scaling on an early JRockit JVM version2.4.2 VTune Performance Monitoring Tool Intel’s VTune performance tools provide a rich set of features to aid in performance analysis and tuning: (1) Timebased and event-based sampling, (2) Attribution of events to code locations, viewed in source and/or assembly, (3) Call graph analysis and (4) Hot spot analysis with the AHA tool, which indicates how the measured ranges of event count values compare with other applications, and which provides some guidance on what other events to collect and how to address common performance issues. One of the key tools provides the means for providing the percentage contribution of a small instruction address range to the overall program performance, and for highlighting differences in performance among versions of applications and different hardware platforms.2.4 Overview of Performance Tools - EMON and VTuneThis section describes the rich set of event monitoring facilities available in many of Intel’s processors, commonly called EMON, and a powerful performance analysis tool based on those facilities, called VTune [11].2.4.1 EMON Hardware and Events Used The event monitoring hardware provides several facilities including simple event counting, time-based sampling, event sampling and branch tracing. A detailed explanation of these techniques is not within the scope of this paper. Some of th key EMON events leveraged in our performance analysis include (1) Instructions – the number of instructions architecturally retired, (2) Unhalted cycles – the number of processor cycles that the application took to execute, not counting when that processor was halted, (3) Branches – the number of branches architecturally retired which are useful for noting reductions in branches due to optimizations, (4) Branch Mispredictions – the number of branches that experienced a performance penalty on the order of 50 clocks, due to a misprediction, (5)Locks – the number of locked cmpxchg instructions, or instructions with a lock preﬁx and (6) Cache misses – the number of misses and its breakdown at each level of the cache hierarchy. The reader is referred to the Pentium 4 Processor Optimization Guide [24] for more details on these events.3 JVM Optimizations and Performance ImpactIn this section we describe the various JVM improvements that we studied and document their impact on performance. We also show the analysis of JVM behavior and the identiﬁcation of performance inhibitors that informed the improvements that were made.3.1 Performance Characteristics of an early JVMThe version of JRockit with which we began our experiments was a complete JVM in the sense that all of the required JVM components were functional. Unlike several other commercial JVMs though, JRockit does not include an interpreter. Instead, all application code is compiled before execution. This could slow down the start of an application slightly, but this approach enables greater performance. JRockit also included a selection of Garbage Collectors and two threading models. Figure 3 shows the performance for increasing numbers of warehouses for a 1-processor and a 4-processor system.d q y y t w q s v v u t sq cY¨ u ¥Y xYdg"rp d d ( Q Q Q Q hf ge kf ij fm l f hqr omp ncator and synchronization, to enhance the processor scaling of the system. Our experiments were conducted on a 4 processor, 1.6 GHz, Xeon platform with 4GB of memory. The processors had a 1M level-3 cache along with a 256K level-2 cache. The processors accessed memory through a shared 100 MHz, quad-pumped, front side bus. The network and disk I/O components of our system were not relevant to studying the performance of SPECjbb2000, since this benchmark does not require any I/O. Several performance tools assisted us in our experiments. Perfmon, a tool supplied with Microsoft’s operating systems, was useful in identifying problems at a higher level, and allowed us to look at processor utilization patterns, context switch rates, frequency of system calls and so on. EMON gave us insight into the impact of the workload on the underlying micro-architecture and into the types of processor stalls that were occurring, and that we could target for optimizations. VTune permitted us to dig deeper by identifying precisely the regions of the code where various processor micro-architecture events were happening. This tool was also used to study the generated assembly code. The next section describes the performance tools – EMON and VTune – in some more detail.Table 1. System Performance Characteristics for early JVMFigure 3. Performance Scaling with Increasing WarehousesThere is a marked roll-off in performance from the peak at 3 warehouses in the 4-processor case. The JVM can thus be seen to be having some difﬁculty with increasing numbers of threads. Data obtained using Perfmon is shown in Table 1. While the utilization of the 1 processor is quite good at 94%, the processor utilization in the 4-processor case is only 56%. It is clear that improvements are needed to increase the processor utilization. The context switch and system call rates are two orders of magnitude larger in the 4P than in the 1P. The small processor queue length indicates the absence of work in the system. These aspects along with the sharp performance roll-off with increased threads, all point to a probable issue related to synchronization. It appears likely that one or more locks are being highly contended, resulting in a large number of the threads being in a state of suspension waiting for the lock. While being fully functional, this version of JRockit (we call it early JVM) had not been optimized for performance. It thus served as an excellent test-bed for our studies. The processor scaling seen with the initial, nonoptimized early JVM is shown in Figure 2. It is obvious that we can do much better on scaling. Many other statically compiled workloads exhibit scaling of 3X or better from 1 processor to 4 processors, for instance. Q 8 ¥ ww¦ ¦ 53wQ ¦ wQQ3 ¥ w 8w ¥ Q 8 w 8w s 3u Ö º w QQ 8QwQ w8w ¥ ¦ 5 ¨w w 8¦ 5 ¨w ¨Î Í Ì Ë Ê ÈÄ Å Ç À Æ Å Ä Ã¿ ¼ Á ¿ ¾ ¼ u8É ½ W½ Y"ÂÀ 8 ¼½ g»â ÛâØ Ýá Ü à ß ÞÝ Ü ÛÚ ÙØ Q"#¨3¨Û ¨ÂQ38¨¤w× Õ Ñ w ¨ ¨# ¥ Qw¦ ¥ wQQ ¥ Q 8Q# ¦ w 8 Q 8Q# s wuw 5 8 ¦ Q ¥ Q 53¦ ¥ ¦ w¥ 8w Q¥ 8 8 ¨gw Ô¯ 3¢#¨##8xQ83#Q(w ©¹ ªª ¸ µ « 5# # #w ª 8 ( ¨© µ¯ · ¶ © Q (Q#w ¨± #3 #5° µ ° ³ ² w ( 5´5 ( ± (Qª5|35 QgQ 33wgQ¬ © ° £ ¯ ® 3 ª ¨ (© 8 « ¨ § 5¨#8 £¢ ¤wQw Q¡ #8 853#w#w #8 v x v ~}{ vt wwt 8t w Y5| xyz wus Ò Ï ÒÑ ÐwÏ Ò Ó ä Ñ QÓ Ð æä åã éä çè äë ê ÐÑ æïðíëî ì3.2 Granularity of Heap LocksThe early version of JRockit performed almost all object allocation globally with all allocating threads increasing a pointer atomically to allocate. In order to avoid this contention, thread local allocation and Thread Local Areas (TLAs) were introduced. In that scheme, each thread has its own TLA to allocate from and the atomic operation for increasing the current pointer could be removed, only the allocation of TLAs required synchronizations. A chain is never stronger than its weakest link, once a contention on a lock or an atomic operation is removed, the problem usually pops up somewhere else. The next problem to solve was the allocation of the TLAs. For each TLA that was allocated, the allocating thread had to take a ”heap lock”, ﬁnd a large enough block on a free list and release the lock. The phase of object allocation that requires space to be allocated from a free list requires a lock. This lock acquisition and release showed up on all our measurements with VTune as a hot spot, marking it as a highly contended lock. One attempt was made to reduce the contention of this lock by letting the allocating thread allocate a couple of TLAs and putting them in a smaller temporary storage where they could be allocated using only atomic operations by other threads. This attempt was a dead end. Even if the thread that had the heap lock put a large amount of TLAs in the temporary storage, all threads still ended up waiting most of the time, either for the heap lock or that the holder of the heap lock would give away TLAs. The ﬁnal solution was to create several TLA free lists. Each thread has a randomly allotted ”home” free list from which to allocate the TLAs it needs. If the chosen list was empty, the allocating thread tried to take the heap lock and ﬁll that particular free list with several TLAs. After this, the thread would choose another ”home” free list randomly to allocate from. By having several lists, usually only one thread would try to take the heap lock at the same time and the contention of the heap lock was reduced dramatically. Contention was further reduced by providing a TLA cache; the thread that acquires the heap lock moves 1MB of memory into the cache. A thread that ﬁnds its TLA free list empty checks for TLAs in the cache before taking the heap lock. Figure 4 shows the marked improvement in processor scaling in the modiﬁed JVM, the JVM with the heap lock contention reduction. Scaling at 2 processors has increased from 1.08X to 1.70X, and the scaling at 4 processors has improved to 2.46X from 1.29X. The perfmon data with these changes is interesting, and is shown in Table 2. The increase in processor utilization and the decrease in system calls and context switches are all very dramatic.3.3 Garbage Collection OptimizationsThe early version of JRockit included both a single and multi generational concurrent garbage collector, designed toFigure 4. Improvement of Processor Scaling with Heap Lock contention scaling ¦ S¡ S¡ ¡¦© ¡ ¡ ¦ ¡ ¡ c h ` FHg Y 9 X W i @ f¡pF¦R y F ¦¡ ¦ ¡ F FS ¡ ¡ FS c b a dSF` Y 9 X W i @ f¡pF¦R ¡ F¡ ¡¦ ¡¡¦F © ¦ ¡ ¡ ¦ ¡ c h ` FHg Y 9 X W T f¦HV eG y F ¦¦ S¦¡¦ ¡S¡ © S¡ ¡ S¡ c b a dSF` Y 9 X W T 4¡HV UGFigure 5. Impact of Parallel Garbage Collection on Processor Scalinghave really short pause times and fair throughput. Throughput in a concurrent collector is usually not a problem since a full collection is rarely noticed, even less on a multiprocessor system. The problem occurs when objects are allocated in such a fast rate that even if the garbage collector collects all the time on one processor and lets the other processors run the program, the collector still doesn’t manage to keep up the pace. This problem started to hurt performance badly in JRockit when running 8 warehouses on 8-way systems. To solve this, the so-called ”parallel collector” was developed. The base was a normal Mark and Sweep [13] collector with one marking thread per processor. Each thread had its own marking stack, and if a stack is empty the thread could work-steal references from other stacks [5]. Normal pushing and popping required no synchronization or atomic operations, only the work-stealing required one atomic operation. Each thread also had an expandable local stack to handle overﬂow in the exposed marking stack. Sweeping is also done in parallel by splitting the heap in N sections and letting each thread allocate a section, sweep it, allocate a new section and so forth until all sections were swept. The sweeping algorithm focused on performance more than accuracy, creating room for fragmentation if we were unlucky. A partial compaction scheme was employed to reduce this fragmentation. These GC optimizations resulted in an increase in the re-Figure 6. Impact of Parallel Garbage Collection on SPECjbb2000 Performanceported SPECjbb2000 result in a 4P system, and improved processor scaling from 2.46 to 2.92, as illustrated in Figure 5. The beneﬁts of this were more noticeable at higher numbers of warehouses and therefore lead to a much ﬂatter roll-off from the peak, as shown in Figure 6.3.4 Code Quality ImprovementsSeveral code quality improvements were made during the benchmarking process. A new code generation pipeline was developed and merged into the product. This enabled us to do a lot more versatile and low-level optimizations on code than previously was possible. Based on the SPECjbb2000 characteristics measured and analyzed in the previous section, we were able to identify several patterns at the native code level that were suboptimal. The JRockit team replaced these with better code through peephole optimizations (commonly used for compiler optimizations as in [6, 14]) or more efﬁcient code generation methodologies. While the compiler optimizations listed below are well-known and understood, the requirement here is¾ ÀÃ ¿Ð É Ð Æ Ë Ï Ê Î Í Ì Ë Ê É È Ç Æ ¦¦¡edÉ d8U¦ed¦½S4Å¾ ©¿Ã¾Table 2. System Performance Characteristics after Heap Lock Improvements S¼ » º º ¹ ¸ · ² ¶ µ ´ ³ ² ½S³ º ¸ |QSe2² f± ~ { } ~ { Q fdm4eUU} |z S °¤ £ ¦¡ ¡ ¯ £ £ ¢ ®y¡¬Fm¦F ¨ « ª © ¡ § ¦ ¥ ¢ ¡ 4y| £¤ ¡ ¦ ¦ © ¿ Ã Á ¾ Ä À Â × ÕÖ Ò Ù ØÒ ÞÒ ÜÔÝ Ù ÚÛ ÓÔ ÑÒ 3428¤©5 1) 7 6 3 1) ' 420( ¦& ¨ þ ûúõùòôøø÷õ ò Y üý YuóYöô óñ¨ ¥ k s¡©S©x©Sv¦S¡¤¡r ev e y w y f y f u w r y x w x y r s g w s ¦© © ¡f w dy ©e d x y r y k ¤ ©¡©¡x s dn Fy ©4l t s s s e r x y r u t l p s o ¦ ¤ u 4qy © dn s©e¡fS4mFy ¦Q¡s FF¡Q¦h r l t w k q j x r i ¡f w Sy ©e ©t ¡Uq s g w s d u s r w y u s r SSe©t ¡Uq y w v u s r ¡¡¡ uy ¦ e©t ¡Uq w r y x w v u s r S¡©¡r e©t ¡Uq A E B A P I G E A @ ¡¡@ S@ ¡R QHFD C B ¡09 ¨ ©£ £ §ÿ¥ ¢¡ ¢ ¤£ ¢ ¦¥ ÿ $% # !"Figure 8. An Example of Copy PropagationP £b`I00D qik jbD ih IiUtiqQ(V @ H 8 k 8 m A l G A @ A 8 H 8 X 8 h DFigure 7. A Simple Example of Peep-Hole Optimization 5Ii U5y d "y u y w v u s %iixItr @ P A @ RQ8 I8 0H G F D B A @ 8 0EC 097that the compile time overhead be kept to a minimum since it is a part of the execution time; and as such, not all known optimizations and techniques could be added. These are by no means a complete list of improvements, but give some perspective on things that were done to enhance code quality. 1. Peephole Optimizations: The new JRockit code generator made it possible to work with native code just before emission, i.e. there would be IR operations for each native code operation. Several small peephole optimizations were implemented on this. We present one example of this kind of pattern matching here: Java contains a lot of load/store patterns, where a ﬁeld is loaded from memory, modiﬁed and then rewritten. Literal translation of a Java getﬁeld/putﬁeld sequence would result in three instructions on IA32 as shown in Figure 7(left). IA32 allows most operations to operate directly on addresses, so the above sequence could be collapsed to a single instruction as shown in Figure 7(right). 2. Better use of IA32 FPU instructions: Java has precise ﬂoating-point semantics, and works either in 32bit or 64-bit precision. This is usually a problem if one wants to use fast 80-bit ﬂoating points that there is hardware support for on IA32, but in some cases we don’t need fp-strict calculations and can use built in FPU instructions. JRockit was modiﬁed to determine when this is possible. 3. Better SSA reverse transform: Most code optimizations take place in SSA form. There were some problems with artifacts in the form of useless copies not being removed from the code when transforming back to normal form. The transform was modiﬁed to get rid of these, with good results. Register pressure dropped signiﬁcantly for optimized code. 4. Faster checks: The implementation of several Java runtime checks was speeded up. Some Java runtime checks are quite complicated, such as the non-trivial case of an array store check. These were treated as special native calls, but without using all available registers. Special interference information for these simpliﬁed methods was passed to the register allocator, enabling less saves and restores of volatile registers.Table 3. Impact of Better Code Generation on Application Performance5. Specializations for common operations: Array allocation was re-implemented with specialized allocation policies for individual array element sizes. The Java ”arraycopy” function was also specialized, depending on if it was operating on primitives or references and on elements of speciﬁc sizes. Other common operations were also specialized. 6. Better Copy Propagation: The copy propagation algorithm was improved and also changed to work on the new low level IR, with all its addressing modes and operations. An example of better copy propagation is shown in Figure 8. These improvements to the JIT were undertaken to reduce the code required to execute an application. It is possible that the techniques used to lower the path length could increase the CPI of the workload, and end up hurting throughput. One example of this would be the usage of a complex instruction to replace a set of simpler instructions. However, Table 3 shows that while the efforts to reduce the path length were well rewarded with a 27% improvement for SPECjbb2000, these optimizations did not hurt the CPI in any signiﬁcant way. The path length improvement resulted in a 34% boost to the reported SPECjbb2000 result.3.5 Dynamic OptimizationThe initial compile time that is tolerable limits the extent to which compiler optimizations can be applied. This implies that while JRockit provides better code in general than an interpreter, for the few functions that other JITs do choose to compile, there is a risk of under-performance. JRockit has chosen to handle this issue by providing a secondary compilation phase that can include more sophisticated optimizations, and using this secondary compilation during the application run to compile a few frequently used hot functions.© 3 § 1 ' ) ' ! © $ # ! § ¥ 24 6% ¡0%("&%"¡© ¨5¤ § ¥ © 2© ¨5¤ 8 p H h g V q0IiYfe e e ¡ e i G X V A F dcbI8 @ 5a gU q £ QG X V A DF `YW8 UT08 SfI0qQ e U § ¥ © © ¨¦¤ © 3 § 1 ' ) ' ! © $ # ! § ¥ 4 2 ¡&0("&%"¡© ¨¦¤ § ¥ © © ¨¦¤ü ¢ ÿ ú ô ó þ ý û úù ÷ õ ô 0£¡U0F|ü 2øöóë ð ï î é ä à å ä 4S©Qíß ã Qà ä ì ê è æ å ä fë dé yç pß ã áß â à ä òß ã ©fë dé yç ñáß å ì ê è æ â à。

操作系统概念第六版重点部分中文答案

1.1 What are the three main purposes of an operat ing system?1 To provide an en vir onment for a computer user to execute programs on computerhardware in a convenient and ef ?cie nt manner.2 To allocate the separate resources of the computer as n eeded to solve the problemgive n. The allocati on process should be as fair and ef ?cie nt as possible.3 As a control program it serves two major functions: (1) supervision of the execution of user programs to preve nt errors and improper use of the computer, and (2) man age- ment of the operati on and con trol of I/O devices.环境提供者，为计算机用户提供一个环境，使得能够在计算机硬件上方便、高效的执行程序资源分配者，为解决问题按需分配计算机的资源，资源分配需尽可能公平、高效控制程序监控用户程序的执行，防止岀错和对计算机的不正当使用管理I/O设备的运行和控制1.2 List the four steps that are n ecessary to run a program on a completely dedicatedmachi ne.An swer: Gen erally, operati ng systems for batch systems have simpler requireme nts tha n for pers onal computers. Batch systems do not have to be con cer ned with in teract ing with a useras much as a personal computer. As a result, an operating system for a PC must be concernedwith resp onse time for an in teractive user. Batch systems do not have such requireme nts.A pure batch system also may have not to handle time sharing,whereas an operating systemmust switch rapidly betwee n differe nt jobs.木有找到中文答案1.6 Define the esse ntial properties of the follow ing types of operat ing systems:a. Batchb. In teractivec. Time shar ingd. Real timee. Networkf. Distributeda. Batch. Jobs with similar n eeds are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job seque ncer. Performa nee is in creased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off-line operati on, spooli ng, and multiprogram ming. Batch is good for executi ng large jobs that need little interaction; it can be submitted and picked up later.b. In teractive. This system is composed of many short tran sacti ons where the results of the n ext tran sacti onmay be un predictable. Resp onse time n eeds to be short (sec on ds) since the user submits and waits for the result.c. Time shar in g.Thissystemsuses CPU scheduli ng and multiprogram ming to provide econo mical in teractive use of a system. The CPU switches rapidly from one user toano ther. In stead of hav ing a job de? ned by spooled card images, each program readsits next control card from the terminal, and output is normally printed immediately to the scree n.d. Real time. Often used in a dedicated application, this system reads information fromsen sors and must resp ond with in a ?xed amou nt of time to en sure correct perfor-man ce.e. Network.f. Distributed.This system distributes computati on among several physical processors.The processors do not share memory or a clock. In stead, each processor has its own local memory. They commu ni cate with each other through various commu ni cati on lin es, such as a high-speed bus or teleph one line.a. Batch相似需求的Job分批、成组的在计算机上执行，Job由操作员或自动Job程序装置装载；可以通过采用buffering, off-line operation, spooling, multiprogramming 等技术使CPU 禾口I/O不停忙来提高性能批处理适合于需要极少用户交互的Job。

国家开放大学电大《管理英语2》2020期末试题及答案

国家开放大学电大《管理英语2》2020期末试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The purpose of management is to make sure that an organization achieves its goals by efficiently and effectively utilizing its resources. The word "efficiently" means ________.A. in a timely mannerB. at a low costC. in an effective wayD. with high efficiency答案：D2. A manager needs to possess certain skills to be effective. Which of the following is NOT one of the key management skills?A. Conceptual skillsB. Technical skillsC. Interpersonal skillsD. Financial skills答案：D3. Which of the following is NOT a function of management?A. PlanningB. OrganizingC. LeadingD. Marketing答案：D4. A company's mission statement defines its________.A. goalsB. visionC. valuesD. strategy答案：C5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good leader?A. Micro-managementB. Lack of communicationC. Inspiring and motivatingD. Autocratic decision-making答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）6. Management is the process of coordinating and________ the work of a group of people to achieve organizational goals.答案：directing7. A manager's decision-making process includes identifying the problem, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and ________.答案：making a decision8. A company's culture is the set of values, beliefs, and norms that guide the behavior of its________.答案：employees9. In the context of management, the term "span of control" refers to the number of employees a manager can effectively ________.答案：supervise10. The ________ function of management involves determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is responsible for doing it.答案：organizing三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. What are the four functions of management? Briefly describe each function.答案：The four functions of management are:1. Planning: Determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who is responsible for doing it. This involves setting goals and objectives, developing strategies, and creating action plans.2. Organizing: Establishing the structure of the organization, assigning tasks, and allocating resources to achieve the goals set in the planning stage.3. Leading: Directing, guiding, and motivating employees to work towards achieving the organization's goals. This function includes communication, leadership styles, and conflict resolution.4. Controlling: Monitoring and evaluating the organization's performance against the goals and objectives set in the planning stage. This function involves measuring performance, comparing it to the standards, and taking corrective action if necessary.12. Explain the difference between leadership and management.答案：Leadership and management are closely related concepts but have distinct differences. Management is the process of coordinating and directing the work of a group of people to achieve organizational goals. It focuses on planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.Leadership, on the other hand, is the ability to influence and inspire others to work towards a common goal. It is about motivating, guiding, and empowering employees to achieve their full potential. While management is more about processes and systems, leadership is more about people and relationships.13. Discuss the importance of organizational culture in the management of a company.答案：Organizational culture plays a crucial role in the management of a company. It is the set of values, beliefs, and norms that guide the behavior of its employees. A strong organizational culture can have several benefits:1. Employee engagement: A positive culture fostersa sense of belonging and commitment among employees, leading to higher engagement and productivity.2. Employee retention: A strong culture canattract and retain talented employees who share the company's values and vision.3. Consistency: Organizational culture ensures consistency in decision-making, communication, and customer service.4. Innovation: A culture that encouragescreativity and risk-taking can drive innovation and growth.5. Adaptability: A strong culture can help a company adapt to changes and challenges by promoting unity and resilience.四、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）14. Read the following case study and answer the questions below.Case Study: XYZ CompanyXYZ Company is a medium-sized manufacturing firm that has been experiencing rapid growth in recent years. However, the company's management team has been struggling to keep up with the increased demand fortheir products. The company's employees are working long hours, and customer satisfaction has been declining.Question 1: Identify potential management issues that XYZ Company may be facing based on the case study.答案：Based on the case study, XYZ Company may be facing the following management issues:1. Inadequate planning: The management team may not have effective plans in place to handle the increased demand for their products.2. Poor organization: The company may lack a clear structure and roles, leading to confusion and inefficiency.3. Insufficient leadership: The management team may not be providing the necessary guidance and motivation to employees, resulting in low morale and productivity.4. Inadequate control: The company may not be monitoring and evaluating its performance against the standards set in the planning stage.Question 2: Provide recommendations to address the management issues identified in the case study.答案：To address the management issues identified in the case study, XYZ Company can consider the following recommendations:1. Develop a comprehensive plan: The management team should create a detailed plan that outlines how to handle the increased demand for their products, including production schedules, resource allocation, and employee workload.2. Streamline organization: The company should establish a clear organizational structure and define roles and responsibilities to improve efficiency.3. Enhance leadership: The management team should focus on developing their leadership skills to provide better guidance, motivation, and communication to employees.4. Implement control measures: The company should implement a system to monitor and evaluate its performance, identify areas for improvement, and take corrective action as needed.。

2024年体育单招英语作文题目

2024年体育单招英语作文题目The year 2024 marks a significant milestone for the world of sports as the landscape of talent recruitment undergoes a transformative shift. In this dynamic landscape, the sports recruitment process has evolved to encompass a more comprehensive evaluation of an athlete's potential, moving beyond the traditional emphasis on physical prowess alone. The 2024 sports recruitment English essay delves into this multifaceted approach, highlighting the key considerations and emerging trends that are shaping the future of talent identification and development.One of the primary focal points of the 2024 sports recruitment process is the recognition of the importance of holistic athlete development. Coaches and scouts have come to understand that true excellence in sports extends far beyond mere physical abilities. The 2024 sports recruitment model places equal emphasis on an athlete's mental resilience, emotional intelligence, and adaptability –attributes that are crucial in navigating the high-pressure and constantly evolving world of competitive sports.In this regard, the 2024 sports recruitment process places a strong emphasis on the evaluation of an athlete's cognitive skills. Assessments designed to measure decision-making abilities, problem-solving aptitude, and strategic thinking have become integral components of the recruitment process. Coaches and scouts recognize that the ability to make split-second decisions, anticipate opponent's moves, and adapt to changing game situations are essential for success at the highest levels of competition.Alongside cognitive skills, the 2024 sports recruitment model also places a significant emphasis on an athlete's emotional intelligence. The ability to manage stress, maintain composure under pressure, and effectively communicate with teammates and coaches has become increasingly important. Recruiters now employ specialized assessments and interviews to gauge an athlete's emotional resilience, empathy, and leadership qualities – attributes that can often make the difference between success and failure on the field of play.Furthermore, the 2024 sports recruitment process has also embraced the importance of an athlete's adaptability and versatility. In an era of rapidly evolving sports technologies, training methodologies, and tactical approaches, the ability to adapt to change has become a critical factor in talent identification. Recruiters now seek out athletes who demonstrate a willingness to embrace new challenges, learnnew skills, and seamlessly transition between different roles or positions within their respective sports.The shift towards a more holistic approach to sports recruitment has also led to the increased integration of sports science and technology. Cutting-edge performance analysis tools, biometric monitoring systems, and data-driven insights have become essential components of the 2024 sports recruitment process. Coaches and scouts now rely on a wealth of objective data to complement their subjective assessments, ensuring a more comprehensive and informed evaluation of an athlete's potential.Another key aspect of the 2024 sports recruitment model is the emphasis on athlete development and long-term potential. Recruiters have recognized that the true value of a talented athlete lies not only in their immediate performance but also in their ability to grow, adapt, and reach new heights over the course of their career. This has led to the implementation of comprehensive player development programs and the fostering of collaborative relationships between coaches, sports scientists, and athlete support staff.The 2024 sports recruitment process also reflects a growing awareness of the importance of diversity and inclusivity within the world of sports. Recruiters now actively seek to identify and nurturetalent from underrepresented communities, ensuring that the sports landscape reflects the rich tapestry of human diversity. This commitment to inclusivity has led to the development of specialized outreach programs, mentorship initiatives, and the implementation of equitable recruitment practices that prioritize talent over traditional biases.Furthermore, the 2024 sports recruitment model has also embraced the significance of athlete well-being and holistic development. Recruiters now place a greater emphasis on an athlete's overall health, both physical and mental, recognizing that the long-term success of an athlete is intrinsically linked to their ability to maintain optimal well-being. This has led to the integration of comprehensive sports medicine and mental health support services within the recruitment and development process, ensuring that athletes are equipped with the resources they need to thrive both on and off the field.The 2024 sports recruitment English essay highlights the transformative changes that have reshaped the talent identification and development landscape. By placing a greater emphasis on cognitive abilities, emotional intelligence, adaptability, and long-term potential, the 2024 sports recruitment model has evolved to better identify and nurture the next generation of athletic superstars. This holistic approach, combined with the integration of sports science,technology, and a commitment to diversity and athlete well-being, sets the stage for a future where the true essence of athletic excellence is celebrated and cultivated to its fullest potential.。

关于监控的作文400字

关于监控的作文400字英文回答：Monitoring.Monitoring is the systematic and regular collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to track progress towards predefined goals and objectives. It involves identifying key indicators, setting performance targets, and developing mechanisms to collect and analyze data. Monitoring is essential for effective management, decision-making, and accountability.The primary purpose of monitoring is to provide timely and accurate information on performance, progress, and potential issues. It allows managers and stakeholders to track the implementation of plans, identify deviations from expectations, and make necessary adjustments. Monitoring enables organizations to stay on track, achieve their objectives, and respond proactively to emerging risks andopportunities.Monitoring is especially crucial in dynamic and complex environments, where factors can change rapidly and decisions need to be informed by real-time data. It helps organizations adapt to changing conditions, identify areas for improvement, and ensure that resources are allocated effectively.Effective monitoring requires a well-defined framework that includes clear goals, performance indicators, data collection methods, and analysis procedures. Data should be reliable, timely, and relevant to the objectives being monitored. The frequency and intensity of monitoring will vary depending on the nature of the project or initiative being monitored.Overall, monitoring is a fundamental aspect of successful management and governance. It provides organizations with the necessary insights to make informed decisions, adjust strategies, and ensure that objectives are met. By enabling organizations to proactively monitortheir performance and identify areas for improvement, monitoring contributes significantly to organizational effectiveness and long-term success.中文回答：监控。

请简述计划的作用管理学

请简述计划的作用管理学Planning plays a crucial role in the field of management as it provides a roadmap for accomplishing organizational goals. 计划在管理领域中起着至关重要的作用，它为实现组织目标提供了一条路线。

Without a well-thought-out plan, businesses may struggle to stay competitive and achieve sustainable growth. 没有经过深思熟虑的计划，企业可能会难以保持竞争力和实现可持续增长。

Thus, planning helps to align resources, people, and processes to work towards a common purpose. 因此，计划有助于调整资源、人员和流程，以便共同努力实现统一目标。

It also enables managers to anticipate potential challenges and develop contingency strategies to mitigate risks. 它还使管理者能够预见潜在挑战，并制定应对风险的备用策略。

In addition, planning facilitates decision-making by providing a framework for evaluating options and selecting the most appropriate course of action. 此外，计划通过提供评估选项和选择最合适行动方案的框架，促进决策。

By setting clear objectives and defining specific tasks, managers can effectively allocate resources and monitor progress towards achieving goals. 通过设定清晰的目标并明确定义具体任务，管理者可以有效分配资源并监督实现目标的进展。

卓越绩效标准综述

卓越绩效标准综述Performance excellence standards are vital in organizations to ensure employees are meeting and exceeding expectations. 卓越绩效标准在组织中至关重要，可以确保员工达到甚至超越预期。

Setting clear and achievable performance standards helps employees understand what is expected of them and provides a roadmap for success. 设定明确可实现的绩效标准有助于员工了解预期目标，并为成功铺平道路。

Performance excellence standards can also foster a culture of continuous improvement and accountability within an organization. 卓越绩效标准还可以在组织内培养持续改进和问责制的文化。

By aligning individual goals with organizational objectives, performance excellence standards can drive employee engagement and motivation. 通过将个人目标与组织目标保持一致，卓越绩效标准可以推动员工的积极参与和动力。

Regular feedback and performance evaluations based on established standards can help identify areas for improvement and create opportunities for professional growth. 根据确立的标准进行定期反馈和绩效评估，可以帮助识别改进的领域，并创造专业发展的机会。

小学下册O卷英语第6单元期中试卷

小学下册英语第6单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Nikola TeslaB2.What do we call the process of changing from a solid to a liquid?A. FreezingB. MeltingC. BoilingD. EvaporatingB Melting3.What is the capital of Singapore?A. Singapore CityB. Marina BayC. Orchard RoadD. SentosaA Singapore City4.The _____ (rhubarb) needs special care.5.The playground is _______ (full) of kids.6.I saw a ______ (小鸟) build a nest in the tree. It was very ______ (专注).7.In science class, we learn about the ________ (宇宙) and the ________ (星星).8.Did you see a _______ (小轮虫) swimming in the pond?9.What do we call the main character in a story?A. ProtagonistB. AntagonistC. Supporting CharacterD. NarratorA10.sustainable transit) options encourage eco-friendly travel. The ____11.The __________ is a major shipping route in the world. (苏伊士运河)12.What is the capital of India?A. MumbaiB. DelhiC. KolkataD. Chennai13.Where does the president live?A. White HouseB. Buckingham PalaceC. KremlinD. Eiffel Tower14.Many _______ are used in traditional medicine.15.Every year, I participate in a ________ (艺术比赛) at school to showcase my creativity.16.The turtle can survive for long periods without ______ (水).17. A frog can jump very _________. (高)18.What do we call the part of the plant that absorbs water and nutrients?A. StemB. LeafC. RootD. FlowerC19.I like to swim in the ___. (pool)20.The ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean are known for their ________.21.I love to grow _____ (花) in my garden.22.He is _______ at playing soccer.23.What color do you get when you mix blue and yellow?A. GreenB. OrangeC. PurpleD. Brown24. A wallaby can jump high like a ______ (袋鼠).25.Which season is typically the warmest?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. FallC26.My brother is a ______. He enjoys playing the keyboard.27.What do we call a person who sings?A. SingerB. MusicianC. PerformerD. All of the above28. A lemur is native to ______ (马达加斯加).29.s always turn towards the ________. Sunflowe30.The children are ______ a game of tag. (playing)31.My mom loves to __________. (旅行)32.The capital of Guyana is __________.33.What do you call the study of weather?A. BiologyB. MeteorologyC. AstronomyD. GeologyB34.The _____ (candle) is lit.35. A ______ is a geographical area defined by its unique characteristics.36.The ________ (历史遗迹) tell stories of the past.37.The __________ can be affected by natural disasters.38.What is the capital of Australia?A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Brisbane39.What do you call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. HutC. CabinD. CastleA40. A solution that does not conduct electricity is called a ______ solution.41.I like to listen to ______ music.42.What is the capital of South Korea?A. SeoulB. TokyoC. BeijingD. Manila43.The chemical formula for lead(II) sulfide is _______.44.I love to ride my ______ around the neighborhood.45.My dog enjoys going for _______ (散步) with me.46.There are _____ states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.47.The chemical formula for chromium(III) oxide is __________.48. A _______ is an example of a flowering plant.49.The ________ (农田) produces lots of food.50.What do you call a house for birds?A. DenB. NestC. HiveD. BurrowB51.My friend is very ________.52.They are _____ (playing) outside.53.__________ are used to represent elements in the periodic table.54.How many hours are in a day?A. 12B. 24C. 36D. 4855.Changes in the Earth's atmosphere can affect ______ patterns.56. A suspension is a mixture where particles settle ______.57.The ancient Egyptians practiced elaborate ________ (葬礼).58. A ____ is a funny animal often seen wearing colorful costumes.59.My dad loves to play ____ (cricket) with friends.60. A solution that has a high concentration of solute is called a ______ solution.61.An example of a noble gas is ______.62.Plants are essential for __________ (生态平衡).63.What do we call the time when the sun is highest in the sky?A. MorningB. NoonC. EveningD. MidnightB64.The flowers in the _______ attract many bees.65. A ______ is a small creature that can be found in gardens.66. A solution that can conduct electricity is called an ______ solution.67.What do we call the act of observing something carefully?A. WatchingB. MonitoringC. ScrutinizingD. All of the AboveD68.An endothermic reaction absorbs ______.69.The weather is ______ (cold) in winter.70.We need to _______ (培养) a sense of responsibility.71.What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost a glass slipper?A. Sleeping BeautyB. CinderellaC. BelleD. Ariel72.The capital of Malaysia is _______.73.What is the capital city of Japan?A. BeijingB. SeoulC. TokyoD. BangkokC74.The tree is ______ (full) of ripe apples.75. A _____ is a group of stars that forms a pattern.76.The capital of Kenya is _______.77.What is the capital city of Slovenia?A. LjubljanaB. MariborC. CeljeD. Kranj78.The _______ (青蛙) lays eggs in water.79.The __________ is a famous region for wine production in France. (波尔多)80.The _____ (tangerine) tree produces citrus fruit.81.My teacher gives us ____.82.The river is ___. (flowing)83. A chemical bond is the force that holds ______ together.84.The chemical process of photosynthesis converts sunlight into _____.85.Certain plants provide ______ (天然栖息地) for wildlife.86.My friends and I play ______ together. (我和我的朋友一起玩______。

sensor词根词缀

sensor词根词缀1. 单词概述单词：sensor含义：“sensor”是名词，意思是传感器、探测设备。

它在科技领域，特别是涉及到自动检测、监控环境变化等场景中经常被用到。

比如说，在智能家居系统里，各种各样的传感器可以检测温度、湿度、光线等情况，然后根据检测结果做出相应的反应。

2. 词根词缀解析词根：sens - 来源于拉丁语，在拉丁语里表示“感觉、感知”的意思。

这个词根很关键，就像一把钥匙，能帮我们打开理解好多单词的大门。

3. 应用短文与场景应用短文1：英文：You know what? My friend Tom is a real tech - geek. He's got this amazing home automation system that's full of sensors. One day, I went to his place. As soon as I walked in, the lights automatically adjusted to a warm, cozy brightness. "How does this happen?" I asked,pletely amazed. Tom just grinned and said, "It's all thanks to the sensors, man. They can sense when someone enters the room and adjust the lighting accordingly." I was like, "Wow, that's so cool!" It felt like I had stepped into some kind of high - tech wonderland. The sensors were like little invisible elves, constantly monitoring the environment and making everything work so smoothly. I mean, who wouldn't want such a smart system in their home? It's not just about convenience, it's also about that feeling of living in the future. And those sensors are the unsung heroes that make it all possible. Without them, Tom's high - tech home would be just an ordinary place.中文翻译：你知道吗？我的朋友汤姆是个十足的科技迷。

以my progress为题的英语作文

以my progress为题的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My ProgressIntroduction:Everyone strives to make progress in different aspects of their lives, whether it be academically, professionally, personally, or mentally. Over the years, I have realized the importance of setting goals, working hard, and monitoring my progress in order to achieve success and growth.Academic Progress:Academically, my progress has been one of my top priorities.I have always set high standards for myself and pushed myself to excel in my studies. Through consistent dedication and hard work, I have been able to maintain high grades and challenge myself with advanced courses. Monitoring my progress through regular assessments and feedback has helped me identify areas for improvement and set new goals for academic success.Professional Progress:In terms of professional progress, I have taken proactive steps to develop my skills and advance my career. I have sought out opportunities for internships, networking, and professional development to gain valuable experience and knowledge in my field. By setting clear career goals and monitoring my progress through performance evaluations and feedback from supervisors, I have been able to track my development and take steps towards achieving my professional aspirations.Personal Progress:On a personal level, I have also made significant progress in terms of self-improvement and personal growth. Throughself-reflection and self-improvement activities such as meditation, reading, and journaling, I have been able to cultivate self-awareness, expand my knowledge, and enhance my overall well-being. By setting personal goals and monitoring my progress through self-assessment, I have been able to make positive changes in my habits, mindset, and attitude towards life.Mental Progress:Lastly, mental progress has been a key aspect of my overall growth and development. Through practicing mindfulness, positive thinking, and stress management techniques, I have been able to strengthen my mental resilience and emotionalintelligence. By monitoring my progress in terms of mental health and well-being, I have become more self-aware, balanced, and focused in both my personal and professional life.Conclusion:In conclusion, progress is a continuous journey that requires dedication, perseverance, and self-discipline. By setting goals, working hard, and monitoring my progress in various aspects of my life, I have been able to achieve success, growth, and fulfillment. Moving forward, I will continue to strive for progress in all areas of my life and embrace the opportunities for growth and learning that come my way.篇2Title: My ProgressProgress is a journey, not a destination. Throughout my life, I have experienced various kinds of progress in different aspects of my life. Whether it is academic achievements, personal growth, or professional development, progress plays a significant role in shaping who I am today. In this essay, I would like to share my thoughts and experiences on the topic of progress.Academic Progress:One of the most important areas where I have made significant progress is in my academic pursuits. As a young student, I struggled to keep up with my classmates and often found myself falling behind in my studies. However, through hard work, dedication, and the support of my teachers and mentors, I was able to improve my grades and excel in my academic endeavors. I learned the importance of setting goals, staying focused, and never giving up, even in the face of challenges. This progress not only boosted my confidence but also opened up new opportunities for me in terms of scholarships, internships, and academic achievements.Personal Growth:In addition to academic progress, I have also experienced personal growth in various aspects of my life. I have learned to be more compassionate, empathetic, and understanding towards others. I have also developed a stronger sense ofself-awareness and self-confidence, which has helped me navigate through the ups and downs of life with resilience and grace. By stepping out of my comfort zone, trying new things, and embracing new experiences, I have been able to expand my horizons, broaden my perspectives, and become a morewell-rounded individual. This personal growth has not onlyenriched my life but also strengthened my relationships with others.Professional Development:Lastly, I have made significant progress in my professional development as well. Through internships, part-time jobs, and volunteer opportunities, I have gained valuable hands-on experience, developed essential skills, and built a strong network of professional contacts. I have learned the importance of hard work, professionalism, and integrity in the workplace, which has helped me secure job offers, advance my career, and achieve success in my chosen field. By setting career goals, seeking mentorship, and continuously improving my skills, I have been able to make meaningful contributions to my organization and position myself for future growth and advancement.In conclusion, progress is a continuous journey that requires perseverance, dedication, and a positive mindset. By embracing challenges, pushing boundaries, and striving for excellence, I have been able to make significant progress in my academic, personal, and professional life. I believe that progress is not just about achieving goals or reaching milestones; it is also about the personal growth, learning experiences, and valuable lessons that we gain along the way. As I continue on my journey of progress, Iam excited to see what the future holds and look forward to making even greater strides towards realizing my full potential.篇3My ProgressProgress is a journey, a continuous effort to improve oneself and achieve personal goals. Throughout my life, I have made significant progress in various aspects of my life, including academics, personal growth, and relationships. It has been a challenging but rewarding journey, and I am proud of the progress I have made so far.One of the areas where I have made noticeable progress is in academics. As a student, I have always strived to excel in my studies and push myself to learn new things. Over the years, I have developed strong study habits, time management skills, and critical thinking abilities that have helped me succeed in my academic pursuits. I have worked hard to overcome challenges and obstacles, such as difficult courses or tough exams, and through perseverance and dedication, I have achieved high grades and academic recognition.Another area where I have made progress is in my personal growth. I have worked on developing my self-confidence,self-esteem, and emotional intelligence, which has helped me become a more resilient and self-aware individual. I have learned to manage my emotions, cope with stress, and communicate effectively with others. I have also set personal goals for myself, such as improving my physical fitness, learning a new skill, or volunteering in my community, and have taken steps to achieve them. Through self-reflection and self-improvement, I have become a better version of myself.In addition to academic and personal growth, I have also made progress in my relationships with others. I have learned to be more empathetic, understanding, and compassionate towards others, which has strengthened my relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. I have worked on my communication skills, conflict resolution abilities, and teamwork skills, which have helped me build positive and supportive relationships with others. I have also learned to set boundaries, assert my needs, and respect the boundaries of others, which has led to healthier and more fulfilling relationships.Overall, my progress has been a result of hard work, dedication, and a growth mindset. I have faced numerous challenges and obstacles along the way, but I have persevered and continued to strive for excellence. I have set high standardsfor myself and have not been afraid to push myself out of my comfort zone in order to grow and develop. I have learned from my successes and failures, and have used them as opportunities for growth and self-improvement.As I continue on my journey of progress, I am excited to see where it will take me and what I will achieve in the future. I am committed to continuing to work hard, learn new things, and improve myself in all areas of my life. I believe that progress is a lifelong journey, and I am grateful for the opportunities I have had to grow and develop as a person. I look forward to the challenges and successes that lie ahead, and am confident that I will continue to make progress and achieve my goals.。

绩效管理制度培训英文

IntroductionWelcome to the Performance Management System Training Program. This session is designed to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of our organization's performance management framework. Effective performance management is crucial for the success of our team and the achievement of our strategic goals. By the end of this training, youwill be equipped with the knowledge and tools to effectively implement and utilize our performance management system.ObjectivesBy the end of this training, participants will be able to:1. Understand the purpose and benefits of our performance management system.2. Describe the key components of the performance management process.3. Identify how to set clear, achievable, and measurable performance objectives.4. Learn how to conduct meaningful performance reviews and provide constructive feedback.5. Recognize the importance of continuous improvement and development within the organization.Module 1: Introduction to Performance ManagementPerformance management is a systematic process that aligns individual and team goals with organizational objectives. It involves setting clear expectations, monitoring progress, providing feedback, and recognizing achievements. The primary benefits of a robust performance management system include improved productivity, increased employee engagement, and enhanced overall organizational performance.Module 2: Key Components of the Performance Management ProcessThe performance management process typically consists of the following key components:1. Goal Setting: Establishing clear, achievable, and measurable objectives that align with both individual and organizational goals.2. Performance Monitoring: Regularly assessing progress towards these objectives and providing ongoing feedback.3. Performance Review: Conducting formal reviews at predetermined intervals to evaluate performance, discuss achievements, and identify areas for improvement.4. Feedback and Development: Providing constructive feedback,identifying developmental needs, and creating action plans to address performance gaps.5. Recognition and Rewards: Acknowledging and rewarding high performance to motivate and retain top talent.Module 3: Setting Clear Performance ObjectivesTo set effective performance objectives, follow these steps:1. Align with Organizational Goals: Ensure that objectives are aligned with the overall strategic direction of the organization.2. Be Specific and Measurable: Use clear and quantifiable criteria to define success.3. Ensure Objectives are Achievable: Make sure objectives are realistic and attainable within the given timeframe.4. Involve the Employee: Engage employees in the goal-setting process to increase commitment and accountability.Module 4: Conducting Performance ReviewsPerformance reviews should be conducted in a structured and consistent manner. Here are some tips for effective performance reviews:1. Prepare in Advance: Gather relevant data and prepare feedback on the employee’s performance.2. Focus on Both Strengths and Weaknesses: Provide a balanced view of the employee’s performance, highlighting both achievements and areasfor improvement.3. Use a Constructive Approach: Offer feedback in a supportive and encouraging manner.4. Develop an Action Plan: Identify specific steps the employee can take to improve performance.Module 5: Continuous Improvement and DevelopmentContinuous improvement and development are essential for personal and organizational growth. Here’s how you can foster a culture of continuous improvement:1. Encourage Learning: Provide opportunities for employees to acquire new skills and knowledge.2. Offer Developmental Resources: Access to training, coaching, and mentoring programs.3. Celebrate Successes: Recognize and reward employees for their contributions and achievements.4. Create a Feedback Loop: Encourage open communication and feedback from all levels of the organization.ConclusionThe performance management system is a dynamic tool that can help drive our organization’s success. By u nderstanding and effectively implementing this system, we can ensure that our team is aligned, engaged, and focused on achieving our strategic goals. Thank you for participating in this training program, and we look forward to seeing the positive impact of our performance management system on our organization’s future.。

后面我发现坏习惯会影响我的生活英语作文

后面我发现坏习惯会影响我的生活英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Bad Habits: The Hidden Saboteurs of My LifeAs a student, I was always told that developing good habits was the key to success. Teachers, parents, and mentors constantly emphasized the importance of discipline, routine, and healthy practices. However, like many teenagers, I brushed off their advice, thinking I knew better. Little did I realize that the small, seemingly insignificant bad habits I had accumulated were slowly but surely sabotaging my life.The first bad habit that crept into my routine was procrastination. I convinced myself that I worked better under pressure and that leaving assignments until the last minute would help me focus. This mindset quickly became a dangerous trap. Instead of being productive, I found myself constantly stressed and rushing to meet deadlines. The quality of my work suffered, and I was always sleep-deprived from pullingall-nighters.Closely linked to procrastination was my addiction to social media and video games. I justified these habits as harmless forms of entertainment and stress relief. However, they quickly spiraled out of control, consuming hours of my day that should have been dedicated to more productive pursuits. The constant notifications and virtual distractions made it nearly impossible to concentrate on schoolwork or engage in meaningful activities.Another insidious habit that plagued me was poor time management. I had a terrible tendency to overcommit myself, saying yes to every opportunity and activity that came my way. This left me stretched thin, constantly running from one obligation to the next without ever truly being present or giving my full attention to any one task. My inability to prioritize and manage my time effectively led to a constant state of anxiety and overwhelm.Unhealthy eating habits also took a toll on my well-being. I had a weakness for junk food and sugary snacks, convincing myself that they were harmless indulgences. However, these empty calories left me feeling sluggish and lacking in energy, negatively impacting my focus and concentration in class. I also neglected to stay properly hydrated, which only exacerbated the negative effects of my poor diet.Perhaps the most damaging habit of all was my tendency to engage in negative self-talk and self-doubt. Whenever I faced a challenge or setback, I would berate myself with harsh criticism, convincing myself that I wasn't good enough or smart enough to succeed. This negative mindset became a self-fulfilling prophecy, undermining my confidence and motivation, and making it even harder to break free from my other bad habits.It wasn't until the end of my junior year of high school that I had a wake-up call. My grades had slipped, my relationships with friends and family were strained, and I was constantly exhausted and stressed. It was then that I realized I had to make a change, or risk jeopardizing my future aspirations and overall well-being.The first step was acknowledging the existence and impact of my bad habits. This self-awareness was crucial, as it allowed me to take ownership of the problem and recognize that these habits were not serving me in any positive way. I knew that breaking these ingrained patterns would be a challenge, but I was determined to take back control of my life.I started small, tackling one habit at a time. For procrastination, I implemented the Pomodoro technique, breaking my work into focused 25-minute intervals with short breaks in between. This helped me stay on task and avoid thetemptation to constantly switch between activities or get distracted.To curb my social media and gaming addiction, I installed app blockers on my devices and set strict time limits for myself. I also made a conscious effort to engage in more fulfilling hobbies and activities, such as reading, exercising, and pursuing creative projects.Improving my time management skills was a ongoing process. I learned to prioritize my commitments, say no tonon-essential activities, and create a realistic schedule that allowed for ample study time and rest. I also started using a planner to help me stay organized and accountable.Adopting a healthier diet was one of the most challenging but rewarding changes I made. I gradually replaced junk food with nutritious snacks like fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. I also made a point to drink more water throughout the day, which helped boost my energy levels and mental clarity.Perhaps the most crucial change, however, was shifting my mindset and combatting my negative self-talk. I started practicing affirmations and surrounding myself with positive influences,篇2Later I Discovered Bad Habits Affect My LifeWhen I was younger, I had a pretty carefree attitude towards life. I didn't really think too much about the future or consequences of my actions. I just lived in the moment and did what felt good at the time. Little did I know, the bad habits I was developing would go on to negatively impact so many areas of my life in profound ways.One of the worst habits I picked up was staying up late into the night. As a kid, my parents had a pretty strict bedtime routine for me. But once I got to middle school and high school, that structure went out the window. I started staying up watching TV, playing video games, browsing the internet, or just hanging out with friends way past any reasonable hour on school nights.At first, I didn't think it was a big deal. I figured I was a teenager and could get away with less sleep. But over time, that habit started taking a serious toll. I was consistently exhausted and struggled to focus during classes. My grades slowly started slipping as a result. Not only that, but my chronic sleep deprivation made me irritable, short-tempered, and just generally unpleasant to be around at times. It was a vicious cyclewhere the less I slept, the worse I did in school and the worse my attitude became.Another unhealthy habit I developed was a terrible diet. With my parents no longer strictly monitoring my food intake, I fell into a pattern of eating nothing but junk - chips, candy, fast food, sugary drinks, you name it. I loaded up on all the salty, fatty, sugary foods that tasted delicious in the moment but provided virtually no nutritional value. Not surprisingly, my energy levels tanked and I started gaining weight at an unhealthy rate from all the empty calories.The impact on my physical health was obvious, but my poor diet also started to affect other areas like my performance in athletics and my self-confidence. I went from being a pretty active kid to feeling sluggish and out of shape. I didn't have the endurance or stamina I once did. Excess weight made meself-conscious about my appearance too. Ultimately, I dreaded having to change for gym class and make failed attempts to slim down through intense calorie restriction and over-exercising rather than developing sustainable, moderate eating habits.As if those bad habits weren't enough, I also developed an unhealthy dependence on my digital devices and social media during those years. Smartphones and tablets were still relativelynew when I was in high school, but I became absolutely obsessed and couldn't seem to put them down, even during times I really should have been focused on other priorities.I remember sitting in classes, mindlessly scrolling through my Facebook feed and Snapchat stories instead of paying attention to the teacher's lessons. Or walking around in between periods with my head constantly buried in my phone rather than being present and aware of my surroundings. Even at home, I'd spend hours bingeing shows and content online when I could have been studying, reading, or pursuing more productive hobbies.My digital addictions made it extremely difficult to live in the moment or retain focus on any one thing for an extended period of time. My mind was constantly craving new bits of information and stimuli. I started developing anxiety if I didn't have constant access to my devices too. It became a real problem that disrupted my sleep, strained my relationships with friends and family, and severely impacted my academic performance. Simply put, I had no self-discipline or willpower when it came to putting down those devices and being still with my own thoughts.Looking back now, it's pretty astonishing to me just how much of a negative impact all those bad habits had on my life asa student. My struggles with sleep, diet, and digital addiction created this perfect storm of issues - I was unfocused, unmotivated, and lacked the mental and physical energy to perform at my full potential. My grades suffered, myself-confidence plummeted, and I just generally felt run down all the time as a result.The crazy thing is that at the time, none of those habits seemed that detrimental in the moment. Staying up late, eating junk food, and being glued to my devices were just what teens did. I didn't fully grasp the way all those behaviors were compounding over time to take such a massive toll in basically every area of my life. Bad habits are called "bad" for a reason - they chip away at your health, your productivity, your sense of well-being. I wish I would have woken up to that reality sooner.It wasn't until my first year of college that I really started piecing together how my lifestyle up until that point had been so self-destructive. I hit a breaking point where I knew something had to change in order for me to turn things around academically and personally. That's when I committed to cleaning up my act and breaking those unhealthy cycles one habit at a time.For the sleep issues, I implemented nightly routines to wind down without screens before bedtime. I cut out caffeine later in the day and started exercising more regularly, which helped me sleep more soundly. For my diet, I slowly started cutting out processed junk foods and cooked more meals using whole, nutrient-dense ingredients. Preparing my own meals made me value my food more. As for my digital addictions, I deleted apps that were big time wasters, put my devices on time limits, and forced myself to be more present during activities that required my full focus.The first few weeks of developing better habits were honestly pretty brutal and difficult for me. I craved junk food, got irritable when I couldn't use my devices, and felt sluggish going to bed earlier. But I kept reminding myself of how much my bad habits had derailed me up until that point. If I wanted to get my life back on track, overhauling my lifestyle was a necessity, not an option.It took many months of consistency, determination and discipline, but eventually, those healthier habits started sticking. As a result, I felt sharper mentally, had more consistent energy throughout the day, and just generally felt good about the direction I was heading. Most importantly, my grades andacademic performance turned around in a big way once I developed healthier routines around sleep, diet and focus. That willingness to make difficult changes quite literally saved my college education and put my life on a better trajectory.These days, I'm hypervigilant about maintaining healthy habits across all areas of my life. I make sure to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. I plan out balanced meals using nutritious whole foods. While I still use devices for certain productive tasks, I'm very cognizant about limiting my leisure screen time and practicing mindfulness. Making self-care and healthy routines a priority has been a real game-changer for me.I realize now just how slippery of a slope bad habits can be, especially for teenagers and young adults. What starts as small, seemingly innocent indulgences like losing a little sleep, eating some extra junk food, or playing too many video games can snowball into much bigger issues that profoundly disrupt your life across multiple dimensions. Bad habits are insidious - they don't feel that detrimental in the moment, but their impacts quietly compound over time in really unhealthy ways.Looking ahead, I know maintaining discipline with my habits will only become more important as I get older and take on more responsibilities with career, finances, relationships and perhaps afamily one day. Practicing self-control, delaying gratification, and checking impulsive behaviors is how I'll be able to live with intention and integrity. No more allowing bad habits to take the wheel and steer me off course from becoming the best version of myself I can possibly be.My experiences have taught me that the small, daily disciplines around sleep, diet, mental health, and productivity ARE the big things in life when it comes to reaching your fullest potential. Letting any one of those areas slip by giving in to momentary cravings and lazy habits can be immensely detrimental over the long run. Success, happiness, andwell-being isn't achieved through grand, heroic actions but rather the continual practice of good, sustainable habits that compound over months and years. I understand that reality now after making the mistake of neglecting those small disciplines for many years to my detriment.Moving forward, I'm committed to being more proactive and disciplined with my lifestyle choices. I know those small habits might not seem important in the heat of any given moment. But I've learned the hard way that it's those seemingly incidental daily decisions about what I put in my body, how I spend my time, how much rest I get, and so on that ultimately shape thebigger outcomes of my life in monumental ways. Bad habits die hard, but I'm so glad I re-dedicated myself to breaking their insidious chains before they took me even further off course. Here's to lifelong positive habits and self-discipline. It's through those small daily practices that lives are ultimately won or lost.篇3Later I Found Bad Habits Affecting My LifeIt's crazy how quickly bad habits can sneak up on you and start impacting your life in really negative ways. I used to think that I was immune to developing bad habits - after all, I was a smart kid who got good grades and was always being told how much potential I had. But man, was I wrong about that.It started innocently enough with little things like staying up too late browsing social media or watching YouTube videos instead of getting enough sleep. At first it wasn't a huge deal - I could still drag myself to class and pay just enough attention to get by. But over time, the bad habits piled up.Before I knew it, I was skipping classes entirely if I was feeling even a little bit tired that day. My grades started slipping as I fell behind and had trouble catching up. I put off assignments until the last minute, pulling frequent all-nighters and churning outsloppy, half-baked work. The vicious cycle just kept feeding itself - the worse I did in classes, the more stressed and anxious I became, which made me want to tune out and escape even more through my bad habits.My eating habits also went down the tubes. When I was burning the midnight oil trying to cram for a test or finish a paper, it was just so easy and convenient to order a giant greasy pizza or inhale a few bags of chips while I worked. Proper meals with fruits and veggies went out the window in favor of a diet comprised mostly of junk food, energy drinks, and coffee.Looking back, it's no surprise that I started packing on some extra weight and feeling sluggish all the time given how poorly I was treating my body. My skin broke out, I had trouble concentrating, and I was irritable and snapped at my friends over little things. It was like my bad habits were this dark cloud hanging over me, dragging me down.The low point came when I failed a couple of midterm exams that I really should have aced if I had been on top of my game. That's when it hit me - I was seriously jeopardizing my future over some dumb bad habits that had spun out of control. The scary thing was, these habits had become so ingrained that Icouldn't seem to break the cycle no matter how hard I tried using willpower alone.That's when I knew I needed to make some serious changes, but in a sustainable way. I started by analyzing my typical daily and weekly routines to identify all the little bad habits I had fallen into, writing them all down, and highlighting the ones that were causing me the most problems. Things like inconsistent sleep schedule, excessive social media/YouTube/streaming, junk food binges, procrastinating on assignments, and so on.Next, I made a plan to systematically root out those habits one-by-one and replace them with good habits. For example:I deleted apps that were big time-sucks off my phone during certain study hoursI started meal prepping healthy food options to avoid ordering outI built a strict sleep schedule into my calendar and set recurring remindersI found an accountability partner to check in with on assignment progressI started scheduling breaks between tasks so I didn't feel deprivedThe first few weeks of rewiring my routines were really tough, not going to lie. There were so many times when I caught myself mindlessly pulling up Instagram or feeling the urge to blow off my responsibilities in favor of lying in bed watching TV. But anytime I felt tempted to fall back into my old ways, I reminded myself of how bad things had gotten and how I felt when I failed those midterms. I also gave myself little rewards when I successfully stuck to my healthier new habits.Slowly but surely, the new habits started taking root and becoming the new normal for me. It got easier to wake up early feeling refreshed. I had so much more energy and mental clarity from eating better and sleeping properly. My skin cleared up, I shed some weight, and I just overall felt better about myself.Most importantly, I stopped falling hopelessly behind in classes. My grades gradually improved as I got back on top of assignments and studying. I still let myself have fun and goof off sometimes, but in a much more balanced way. The relief I felt at finally being back in the driver's seat of my own life was immense.These days, I'm hyper-aware of anything that even hints at becoming a bad habit for me. Anytime I catch myself slipping, I course correct immediately before it can turn into a pattern. I'velearned that taking care of myself - mind, body, and spirit - needs to be the top priority, because when I neglect self-care, that's when everything else starts falling apart.Looking ahead, I know there will always be tempting bad habits trying to lure me off course. But now I have the skills and discipline to resist and re-commit to living my best life. These past few months have taught me that our habits quite literally shape our lives and futures. Choosing good habits leads to growth, success, and flourishing. Bad habits hold you back and prevent you from reaching your full potential.So I'm making a vow to my present and future self - never again will I let bad habits take over and derail me from being who I want to become. I've got this! And if you're struggling with bad habits too, know that you have the power to overcome, one small positive change at a time. Our habits may shape us, but we can also shape our habits. How amazing is that?。

行政管理制度的英文

行政管理制度的英文IntroductionAdministrative management is an essential part of any organization, as it involves the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the resources required to achieve the organizational objectives. An effective administrative management system ensures the smooth functioning of the organization and helps in achieving its goals in an efficient and effective manner. In this article, we will discuss the various aspects of administrative management, including the principles, functions, and challenges of administrative management, as well as the key components of an administrative management system.Principles of Administrative ManagementAdministrative management is guided by certain principles that help in governing the various processes and functions of the organization. These principles include:1. Unity of Command: This principle states that each employee should receive instructions from only one superior to avoid confusion and conflicts.2. Scalar Chain: According to this principle, there should be a clear and unbroken line of authority from the top to the bottom of the organization.3. Division of Work: The work should be divided among employees based on their specialization and expertise to ensure efficiency and productivity.4. Authority and Responsibility: Employees should be given the necessary authority to carry out their responsibilities, and they should be held accountable for their actions.5. Discipline: This principle emphasizes the importance of maintaining discipline and obedience within the organization to ensure smooth operations.6. Remuneration: Fair and equitable compensation should be provided to employees based on their performance and contribution to the organization.7. Centralization and Decentralization: The degree of centralization and decentralization should be balanced to ensure effective decision-making and operations.Functions of Administrative ManagementAdministrative management involves several key functions that are essential for the smooth functioning of the organization. These functions include:1. Planning: The process of setting organizational goals, objectives, and strategies, and developing plans to achieve them.2. Organizing: The process of arranging resources, allocating responsibilities, and creating a structure to achieve the organizational goals.3. Directing: The process of guiding, supervising, and motivating employees to perform their tasks effectively and achieve the desired results.4. Controlling: The process of monitoring, measuring, and correcting the performance of the organization to ensure that it is in line with the plans and objectives.Challenges of Administrative ManagementAdministrative management faces several challenges in today's dynamic and complex business environment. Some of the key challenges include:1. Globalization: Managing administrative functions in a global context presents challenges related to cultural differences, diverse regulations, and varying business practices.2. Technological Changes: Rapid advancements in technology require administrative managers to adapt to new tools and systems to enhance efficiency and productivity.3. Regulatory Compliance: Keeping up with changing laws and regulations in different jurisdictions is a significant challenge for administrative management.4. Talent Management: Attracting, retaining, and developing a skilled workforce is critical for administrative management, especially in the face of a competitive labor market.Key Components of an Administrative Management SystemAn effective administrative management system comprises several key components that are essential for the smooth functioning of the organization. These components include:1. Human Resources Management: This component involves the recruitment, training, and development of employees, as well as managing employee relations and performance.2. Financial Management: This component involves the planning, budgeting, and monitoring of the organization's financial resources to ensure financial stability and growth.3. Information Management: This component involves the collection, storage, and dissemination of information to support decision-making and operational efficiency.4. Communication Management: This component involves the establishment of effective communication channels within the organization to ensure the smooth flow of information.5. Decision Making: This component involves the process of making informed and timely decisions to drive the organization towards its goals and objectives.ConclusionAdministrative management is a critical aspect of organizational success, as it involves the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the resources required to achieve the organizational objectives. The principles, functions, and challenges of administrative management, as well as the key components of an administrative management system, areessential for understanding and implementing effective administrative management practices. By focusing on these aspects, organizations can enhance their administrative management capabilities and achieve their goals in an efficient and effective manner.。

五项管理原则英语作文高中

In the realm of management,there are five fundamental principles that are widely recognized and applied across various industries and organizations.These principles form the backbone of effective management practices and are essential for the success of any enterprise.Here is a detailed exploration of these five management principles in the context of a high school English composition.1.Planning:The first principle is planning,which involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.In a high school setting,this could mean planning for the academic year,setting goals for student achievement,and devising strategies for curriculum development and extracurricular activities.anizing:The second principle is organizing,which is the process of structuring resources and activities systematically to achieve the goals set during the planning phase. For a high school,this includes organizing the schools administration,faculty,and staff, as well as the physical layout of the school to facilitate learning and daily operations.3.Leading:The third principle is leading,which involves guiding and influencing individuals towards the achievement of organizational goals.In a high school,this principle is embodied by the principal,teachers,and other leaders who inspire and motivate students to learn and grow.Leadership also involves decisionmaking and problemsolving,which are critical for navigating the challenges that arise in an educational environment.4.Controlling:The fourth principle is controlling,which is the process of monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure that the organization is on track to meet its goals.In the context of a high school,controlling involves assessing student performance through exams and assignments,evaluating the effectiveness of teaching methods,and making adjustments as necessary to improve outcomes.5.Coordinating:The final principle is coordinating,which is the act of harmonizing the various activities and elements within an organization to work together efficiently.For a high school,this means ensuring that different departments such as the academic, administrative,and extracurricular departments are working in sync to provide a cohesive educational experience for students.In conclusion,these five management principlesplanning,organizing,leading,controlling, and coordinatingare interrelated and collectively contribute to the smooth functioning and success of a high school.By understanding and applying these principles,educational institutions can create an environment that fosters learning,growth,and achievement for all students.。

生意的英文

生意的英文Title: The Business World: Common English Terms and PhrasesIntroduction:Business is an essential part of our daily lives. Whether you are an aspiring entrepreneur, an employee, or someone who simply wants to understand the global business landscape, having a good command of English business terms and phrases is crucial. In this document, we will explore and explain a variety of commonly used English terms and phrases related to the business world.1. Industry-specific Terms:1.1. Marketing:Marketing: The process of promoting, selling, and distributing products or services.Market research: Gathering and analyzing data about a specific market to guide marketing strategies.Digital marketing: Promoting products or services through digital platforms, such as social media, websites, or email campaigns.Target audience: A specific group of consumers to whom a product or service is marketed.Brand awareness: The extent to which consumers recognize and associate a brand with its products or services.1.2. Finance:Assets: Anything of value owned by a business, such as cash, property, or equipment.Liabilities: Debts or obligations owed by a business to creditors.Balance sheet: A financial statement that shows a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.Profit margin: The percentage of revenue that remains as profit after deducting expenses.Cash flow: The movement of money in and out of a business.1.3. Human Resources:Recruitment: The process of attracting and hiring qualified candidates for job vacancies.Performance appraisal: Evaluation of an employee's job performance.Employee engagement: The level of emotional commitment and dedication an employee has toward their work.Workplace diversity: The inclusion of people from different demographics, backgrounds, and cultures in the workplace.Training and development: Programs designed to enhance employees' skills, knowledge, and capabilities.2. General Business Terms:2.1. Negotiation:Win-win: An outcome that benefits all parties involved in a negotiation.Bargaining power: The ability of a party to influence the outcome of a negotiation.Deadlock: A situation where an agreement cannot be reached.Deal breaker: An issue or condition that makes an agreement unacceptable.2.2. Management:Leadership: The ability to guide and inspire a team or organization towards a common goal.Teamwork: Collaboration between individuals to achieve a common objective.Delegation: Assigning tasks and responsibilities to others.Performance management: The process of planning, monitoring, and reviewing an employee's performance.2.3. Communication:Business proposal: A formal document that outlines a suggested project or idea to potential clients.Negotiation skills: The ability to effectively communicate and reach mutually satisfying agreements.Networking: Building social and professional connections for career advancement or business opportunities.Effective presentation: Delivering information in a clear, persuasive, and engaging manner.3. Business Phrases:3.1. Common Expressions:Bottom line: The final result or main point of a business decision or activity.In the black: A business that is financially profitable.Cutting-edge: Being at the forefront of innovation or technology.Thinking outside the box: Approaching a problem or situation in an unconventional or creative way.3.2. Formal Expressions:Please find attached: Used when sending an email with an attached document.I look forward to hearing from you: Polite closing statement in a business communication.Thank you in advance: Expressing gratitude for anticipated assistance or cooperation.Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns: Inviting the recipient to seek further clarification or assistance.Conclusion:A solid understanding of business terms and phrases is crucial for effective communication in the global business world. In this document, we have covered a range of industry-specific terms, general business terms, and common business phrases. By familiarizing yourself with these terms and phrases, you will be better equipped to navigate the complexities of the business landscape and succeed in various business endeavors.。

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Book Title1 Book EditorsIOS Press,2003Towards Performance Monitoring of an Intelligent Lower Leg OrthosisJuan C.Moreno a,1,Fernando J.Brunetti a and JoséL.Pons aa Instituto de Automática Industrial.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíﬁcasAbstract.An intelligent orthosis for knee and ankle joints functional compensationduring walking and daily activities is developed in the frame of the Gait project.Such a device can be worn by patients with an abnormal gait caused by muscleweakness at neurological and muscular diseases,to provide safety and walking pat-tern improvement,while providing a means for biomechanical monitoring duringactivities of daily living.The paper presents the approach towards data monitoring for biomechanicalevaluation at different scenarios and for a variety of applications.Keywords.Gait,patient monitoring,orthosis,wireless,biomechanics1.IntroductionIt is frequent toﬁnd during rehabilitation medicine practice patients who present muscu-lar weakness of the lower limb.The percentage of persons suffering from these diseases can oscillate between0.05%and1%of the total European population.Aetiology could be very diverse,including neurological and muscular disorders,sequels of trauma,spina biﬁda,and others.Knee ankle foot orthoses are prescribed to treat these disorders while providing stability and keeping joints at their functional position.Conventional passive lower leg orthoses allow stability during stance but result in unnatural gait patterns:An active solution for compensation of joint disorders associated to muscle weakness dur-ing cyclic walking is developed[1],aiming at patients with neuromuscular disease(post polio syndrome),cerebral palsy and cerebrovascular accident.Common gait analysis techniques(video based systems,force platforms,etc)impose mobility restrictions and in many cases tend to reproduce unnatural conditions due to spatial constraints.Besides,traditionally these techniques have been restricted to the lab-oratory context and this results in a lack of objective information from patients perfor-mance outside a controlled environment.Aﬁrst stage study[2],which considered feed-back from all actors involved in leg orthosis prescription,evaluation and manufacturing, deﬁned a goal:to provide new means for orthosis users monitoring both at the lab and at real world conditions,by incorporation of embedded processing,telemetry and data logging,in order to provide the patient,physicians,orthotists and physical therapists with objective information about the performance with a new generation of intelligent orthoses.1Correspondence to:Juan C.Moreno,Carretera Campo Real Km0,200Arganda del Rey,28500España. Tel.:(34)918711900;Fax:(34)918717050;E-mail:moreno@iai.cis.es.2J.Moreno et al./Towards Performance Monitoring of an Intelligent Lower Leg OrthosisFigure1.System concept2.Monitoring System ApproachThe technical approach presented inﬁgure1,is proposed to allow recording and display-ing of data about the use of the intelligent orthosis.For this,the ambulatory unit that con-trols the intelligent orthosis is equipped with a Data Logging unit dedicated to storage in removable Secure Digital Card media and a Bluetooth wireless communication module linked through a serial protocol,for data streaming to a base PC located at the clinic or rehabilitation center.2.1.Sensor fusionA high number of sensory signals are combined to allow estimation/extraction of useful parameters related with gait biomechanics,patient/orthosis interface status,rate of use and also,for a posteriori discrimination of activities.Inertial sensing at shank and foot is used to supply basic gait phase detection and joints kinematics[3],in combination with contact sensors at the orthosis insole.Measurement of parameters related to comfort is performed by pressure sensors and strain gages at the pelotte carriers.2.2.ScenariosThe system is conceived for two modes of operation which involve different applica-tions:real time and off-line monitoring modes.In the real-time mode,data(sampled at 100Hz)is streamed through the bluetooth link to the base Unit and presented on screen for direct objective feedback to the clinician about theﬁtting of the orthosis and the most critical biomechanical aspects.During the off-line monitoring mode,which is active dur-ing common use by the patient,all data preprocessed by the ambulatory unit is recorded in the SD card-up to1GB-running at50Hz.After this daily process,the information is imported to the base unit,for interpretation and analysis.Within both operation modes the intelligent information that can be extracted from the system is summarized in Table 1.2.3.Real world data loggingInformation collected during the off-line mode is processed in the ambulatory unit under aﬁnite state machine model,which includes rule-based algorithms for detection of theJ.Moreno et al./Towards Performance Monitoring of an Intelligent Lower Leg Orthosis3Table1.Intelligent InformationReal timeKnee joint Status(Feedback to the patient),hinge angle(sagital),Flexionmoment(sagital)Ankle joint Hinge angleInterface aspects Pressure at pelotte carrier,migration of pelotte carriersOff-lineRate of use Average forces,number of knee bends,time usedActivity monitor Sitting,standing,walking,stairs and slopes up/downGait cycle phasesStanding up Sitting downFigure2.State transitionsdifferent transitions between the possible activities that can be performed with the ortho-sis(Seeﬁgure1).Hence,statistics about rate of use,mean biomechanicalﬁgures like knee angle values,peak moments and risk situations,are calculated and presented to the clinician.2.4.Preliminary resultsAn example of biomechanical data acquired with the system in the off-line mode is pre-sented inﬁgure3.Thigh,shank and foot(orthosis)kinematics are measured and calcu-lated based on calibration values.Peak values,zero cross points and correlations between signals constitute some of the criteria for extraction of the intelligent information(gait phases,rate of use,etc).3.ApplicationsAlthough this system has been conceived initially for application on orthoprosthetics,its functionality can be extended to a wide range of applications were human body kinemat-ics and kinetics are to be measured at real world conditions for health monitoring.Cur-rently we explore at IAI-CSIC the application of the developed system,complemented by physiological signals(EMG/EEG),in worksite ergonomics assesment,fall prevention and detection in elderly and sports.4J.Moreno et al./Towards Performance Monitoring of an Intelligent Lower Leg OrthosisShankFootFigure3.Example of motion data:Segments angular velocities and accelerations during walking AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the European Commission,IST programme,that par-tially founded the work presented in this paper through grant IST-2001-37751. References[1]J.C.Moreno,Rationale for Multiple Compensation of Muscle Weakness Walking witha Wearable Robotic Orthosis,International Conference on Robotics and Automation,Barcelona,2005.[2]Gait Project,Product requirement document,2003.[3]C.Baten et.al,Use of inertial sensing in intelligent orthosis ESMAC Conference,Warsaw,2004.。