DOI10.1068a35295a 20 years after

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当代研究生英语原文及翻译(下册)

UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I)1 A person‟s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I‟ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it‟s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.3 During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time—do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.4 The work of adult life is not easy. As in childhood, each step presents not only new tasks of development but requiresa letting go of the techniques that worked before. With each passage some magic must be given up, some cherished illusion of safety and comfortably familiar sense of self must be cast off, to allow for the greater expansion of our own distinctiveness.Pulling Up Roots5 Before 18, the m otto is loud and clear: “I have to get away from my parents.” But the words are seldom connected to action. Generally still safely part of our families, even if away at school, we feel our autonomy to be subject to erosion from moment to moment.寻求自立6 After 18, we begin Pulling Up Roots in earnest. College, military service, and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of one‟s own. In the attempt to separate our view of the wo rld from our family‟s view, despite vigorous protestations to the contrary—“I know exactly what I want!”—we cast about for any beliefs we can call our own. And in the process of testing those beliefs we are often drawn to fads, preferably those most mysterious and inaccessible to our parents.7 Whatever tentative memberships we try out in the world, the fear haunts us that we are really kids who cannot take care of ourselves. We cover that fear with acts of defiance and mimicked confidence. For allies to replace our parents, we turn to our contemporaries. They become conspirators. So long as their perspective meshes with our own, they are able to substitute fo r the sanctuary of the family. But that doesn‟t last very long. And the instant they diverge from the shaky ideals of “our group”, they are seen as betrayers. Rebounds to the family are common between the ages of 18 and 22.8 The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role, a sex role, an anticipated occupation,an ideology or world view. As a result, we gather the impetus to leave home physically and the identity to begin leaving home emotionally.9 Even as one part of us seeks to be an individual, another part longs to restore the safety and comfort of merging with another. Thus one of the most popular myths of this passage is: We can piggyback our development by attaching to a Stronger One. But people who marry during this time often prolong financial and emotional ties to the family and relatives that impede them from becoming self-sufficient.10 A stormy passage through the Pulling Up Roots years will probably facilitate the normal progression of the adult life cycle. If one doesn‟t have an identity crisis at this point, it will erupt during a later transition, when the penalties may be harder to bear.The Trying Twenties11 The Trying Twenties confront us with the question of how to take hold in the adult world. Our focus shifts from the interior turmoils of late adolescence—“Who am I?” “What is truth?”—and we become almost totally preoccupied with working out the externals. “How do I put my aspirations into effect?” “What is the best way to start?” “Where do I go?” “Who can help me?” “How did you do it?”迷惘求索的二十几岁11．到了二十几岁，我们面临的难题是如何在这成年人的世界中生存（自立）。

N原文AfterTwentyYears

After Twenty YearsO·HenryThe policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. The impressiveness was habitual and not for show, for spectators were few. The time was barely 10 o'clock at night, but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh depeopled the streets.Trying doors as he went, twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye adown the pacific thoroughfare, the officer, with his stalwart form and slight swagger, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. The vicinity was one that kept early hours. Now and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all-night lunch counter; but the majority of the doors belonged to business places that had long since been closed.When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly.“It's all right, officer, ” he said, reassuringly. “I'm just waiting for a friend. It's an appointment made twenty years ago. Sounds a little funny to you，doesn't it? Well，I'll explain if you'd like to make certain it's all straight. About that long ago there used to be a restaurant where this store stands——'Big Joe' Brady's restaurant.”“Until five years ago,” said the policeman. “It was torn down then.”The man in the doorway struck a match and lit his cigar. The light showed a pale, square-jawed face with keen eyes, and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. His scarfpin was a large diamond, oddly set.“Twenty years ago to-night,” said the man,“I dined here at 'Big Joe' Brady's with Jimmy Wells, my best chum, and the finest chap in the world. He and I were raised here in New Y ork, just like two brothers, together. I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. Y ou couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of New Y ork; he thought it was the only place on earth. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.”“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman. “Rather a long time between meets, though, it seems to me. Haven't you heard from your friend since you left?”“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded,” said the other. “But after a year or two we lost track of each other. Y ou see, the West is a pretty big proposition, and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively. But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest, stanchest old chap in the world. He'll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door to-night, and it's worth it if my old partner turns up.”The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch, the lids of it set with smalldiamonds.“Three minutes to ten,” he announced. “It was exactly ten o'clock when we parted here at the restaurant door.”“Did pretty well out West, didn't you?” asked the policeman.“Y ou bet! I hope Jimmy has done half as well. He was a kind of plodder, though，good fellow as he was. I've had to compete with some of the sharpest wits going to get my pile. A man gets in a groove in New Y ork. It takes the West to put a razor-edge on him.”The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two.“I'll be on my way. Hope your friend comes around all right. Going to call time on him sharp?”“I should say not!” said the other. “I'll give him half an hour at least. If Jimmy is alive on earth he'll be here by that time. So long, officer.”“Good-night, sir, ” said the policeman, passing on along his beat, trying doors as he went.There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling,and the wind had risen from its uncertain puffs into a steady blow. The few foot passengers astir in that quarter hurried dismally and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands. And in the door of the hardware store the man who had come a thousand miles to fill an appointment,uncertain almost to absurdity,with the friend of his youth,smoked his cigar and waited.About twenty minutes he waited, and then a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried across from the opposite side of the street. He went directly to the waiting man.“Is that you, Bob?” he asked, doubtfully.“Is that y ou, Jimmy Wells？” cried the man in the door.“Bless my heart!” exclaimed the new arrival, grasping both the other's hands with his own. “It's Bob, sure as fate. I was certain I'd find you here if you were still in existence. Well, well, well! ——twenty years is a long time. The old gone, Bob; I wish it had lasted, so we could have had another dinner there. How has the West treated you, old man?”“Bully; it has given me everything I asked it for. Y ou've changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were so tal l by two or three inches.”“Oh, I grew a bit after I was twenty.”“Doing well in New Y ork, Jimmy?”“Moderately. I have a position in one of the city departments. Come on, Bob; we'll go around to a place I know of, and have a good long talk about old times.”The two men started up the street, arm in arm. The man from the West, his egotism enlarged by success, was beginning to outline the history of his career. The other, submerged in his overcoat, listened with interest.At the corner stood a drug store, brilliant with electric lights. When they came into this glare each of them turned simultaneously to gaze upon the other's face.The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.“Y ou're not Jimmy Wells,” he snapped. “Twenty years is a long time,but not long enough to change a man's nose from a Roman to a pug.”“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,said the tall man. ”Y ou've been under arrest for ten minutes, 'Silky' Bob. Chicago thinks you may have dropped over our way and wires us she wants to have a chat with you. Going quietly, are you? That's sensible. Now, before we go on to the station here's a note I was asked to hand you. Y ou may read it here at the window. It's from Patrolman Wells."The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper handed him. His hand was steady when he began to read, but it trembled a little by the time he had finished. The note was rather short.“Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago. Somehow I couldn't do it myself, so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”译文：二十年以后纽约的一条大街上，一位值勤的警察正沿街走着。

英文作文20年之后

英文作文20年之后英文：Twenty years from now, I believe the world will be a very different place. Technology will have advanced even further, and we will see new innovations that we can't even imagine today. People will be more connected than ever before, with social media and other forms of communication allowing us to stay in touch with friends and family all over the world.In terms of the environment, I hope that we will have made significant progress in addressing climate change. We will have transitioned to renewable energy sources and made major strides in reducing our carbon footprint. I also hope that we will have found new ways to protect endangered species and preserve our natural habitats.On a personal level, I hope to have achieved many of my goals and aspirations. I hope to have traveled to newplaces, learned new skills, and made meaningful connections with people from all walks of life. I also hope to have found a career that I am passionate about and that allows me to make a positive impact on the world.中文：二十年后，我相信世界将会是一个非常不同的地方。

20年之后英文作文

20年之后英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!In 20 years, I think the world will be very different. There will be more advanced technologies. Maybe we can travel to space easily.Twenty years later, I hope I will be healthy and still enjoy life. I might have a lot of interesting experiences.In 20 years, the environment might change a lot. There could be more efforts to protect our planet.Twenty years from now, I believe people will be more connected. We might communicate in ways we can't even imagine now.。

20年后小树长大了作文

20年后小树长大了作文英文回答：20 years later, the small tree has grown into a majestic oak, its branches reaching high into the sky and its roots firmly planted in the earth. It has weathered many storms and witnessed the changing seasons, but through it all, it has continued to grow and thrive.The once tiny sapling is now a symbol of strength and resilience, standing tall and proud in the forest. Its leaves provide shade and shelter for the creatures that inhabit the woods, and its presence brings a sense of peace and tranquility to all who encounter it.As I gaze upon the now towering tree, I am filled with a sense of awe and wonder at the passage of time and the power of nature. It reminds me that growth is a gradual process, requiring patience and perseverance. Just as the small tree has transformed into a mighty oak, so too can weevolve and grow into our fullest potential.中文回答：20年后，小树已经长成了一棵雄伟的橡树，它的树枝高高地伸向天空，根系深深地扎在土地里。

二十年之后的环境英语作文

二十年之后的环境英语作文Twenty years from now, the environment will have undergone significant changes. With the advancement of technology and the increasing awareness of environmental issues, there will be both positive and negative impacts on the environment.On the positive side, there will likely be a significant increase in the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This will lead to a reduction in the use of fossil fuels, resulting in lower levels of air pollution and carbon emissions. Additionally, there will be a greater emphasis on sustainability and conservation, leading to the protection of more natural habitats and the preservation of biodiversity.However, there will also be challenges that the environment will face in the next twenty years. The continued growth of the global population will put further strain on natural resources, leading to increased deforestation, habitat destruction, and overconsumption. This will result in a loss of biodiversity and thedegradation of ecosystems, leading to long-term negative impacts on the environment.Overall, it is essential that we take proactive measures to address these challenges and work towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. This will require a collective effort from governments, businesses, and individuals to implement policies and practices that prioritize the protection and preservation of the environment.二十年后的环境将会发生重大变化。

关于20年后的英语作文

关于20年后的英语作文20 Years Later。

It's hard to believe that 20 years have passed since I first started my journey into adulthood. Looking back, Ican't help but marvel at how much has changed and how farI've come. The world around me has evolved in countless ways, and I have grown and adapted along with it.One of the most significant changes I've witnessed over the past two decades is the rapid advancement of technology. When I was a teenager, smartphones were just starting to become popular, and social media was in its infancy. Now, technology is integrated into nearly every aspect of our lives, from the way we communicate and work to the way we entertain ourselves. Artificial intelligence and virtual reality have become commonplace, and the possibilities for innovation seem endless.In addition to technological advancements, the worldhas also seen great strides in addressing environmental issues. Climate change has become a central focus, and renewable energy sources have become more accessible and affordable. People are more conscious of their impact on the planet, and efforts to reduce waste and pollution have gained momentum. It's inspiring to see the global community come together to protect our environment for future generations.On a personal level, I have experienced my own share of growth and change over the past 20 years. I have pursued my passions, traveled to new places, and forged meaningful connections with people from diverse backgrounds. I have faced challenges and setbacks, but I have also celebrated successes and milestones. Through it all, I have learned valuable lessons about resilience, empathy, and the importance of living in the present moment.Looking ahead to the next 20 years, I am filled with a sense of optimism and excitement. I believe that technology will continue to revolutionize the way we live and work, opening up new opportunities for creativity and innovation.I hope to contribute to positive change in my community and beyond, whether through advocacy, volunteer work, or simply leading by example. And I look forward to deepening my relationships with loved ones and exploring new experiences that enrich my life.In conclusion, the past 20 years have been a time of profound transformation and growth, both for the world and for myself. As I reflect on the changes that have taken place and the lessons I have learned, I am filled with gratitude for the opportunities I have had and the people who have supported me along the way. I am eager to see what the future holds and to continue evolving as a person, making a positive impact on the world around me. Here's to the next 20 years of growth, discovery, and endless possibilities.。

20年后的祖国英文作文

20年后的祖国英文作文英文：It's hard to believe that 20 years have passed since I last wrote about my motherland. As I look back on the changes that have taken place, I am filled with a sense of pride and hope for the future.In the past two decades, China has undergone tremendous transformation and development. The country has made remarkable progress in various fields, including technology, infrastructure, and education. The rapid economic growthhas lifted millions of people out of poverty and improved their quality of life.One of the most striking changes is the advancement of technology. Twenty years ago, the internet was still in its infancy in China. Now, it has become an integral part of people's daily lives. WeChat, Alipay, and other digital platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, shop,and conduct business. The rise of e-commerce has also transformed the retail industry, making it more convenient for consumers to purchase goods and services.Another significant change is the improvement of infrastructure. High-speed railways, modern airports, and state-of-the-art highways have connected cities and regions, making travel more efficient and convenient. The development of smart cities has also enhanced urban living, with the integration of technology to improve public services and transportation.In terms of education, China has made great strides in providing access to quality education for all. The government has invested heavily in building schools and improving the curriculum. As a result, the literacy ratehas increased, and more students have the opportunity to pursue higher education and achieve their dreams.Despite these remarkable achievements, there are still challenges that the country faces. Environmental pollution, income inequality, and social issues continue to posesignificant obstacles to sustainable development. However, the Chinese government has taken proactive measures to address these issues, such as implementing environmental protection policies and promoting social welfare programs.Looking ahead, I am optimistic about the future of my motherland. With the government's commitment to innovation and sustainable development, I believe that China will continue to thrive and become a global leader in various fields.中文：难以置信，20年过去了，自从我上次写关于我的祖国以来。

在20年后的英语作文

在20年后的英语作文20 years from now, I envision a world that has undergone significant changes in technology, society, and the environment. As I look into the future, I see a world that is more interconnected, sustainable, and advanced than ever before.Technology has played a pivotal role in shaping the future, and I believe that it will continue to do so in the next 20 years. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and quantum computing, our lives will be transformed in ways we can't even imagine today. From self-driving cars to smart cities, technology will revolutionize the way we live, work, and interact with one another. The internet of things will be seamlessly integrated into our daily lives, making our homes, workplaces, and cities more efficient and responsive to our needs. Moreover, the rise of renewable energy and sustainable technologies will help us combat climate change and create a more environmentally friendly world.In addition to technological advancements, I foresee significant changes in society and culture. With the increasing globalization and interconnectedness of the world, cultural boundaries will continue to blur, and people from different backgrounds will have more opportunities to connect and collaborate. This will lead to a more diverse and inclusive society, where people are more accepting of one another's differences. Furthermore, I believe that the future will bring about a greater emphasis on mental health and well-being, as people recognize the importance of taking care of their mental and emotional health. This shift in mindset will lead to a more compassionate and supportive society, where people are more understanding and empathetic towards one another.As we look ahead to the future, it's essential to consider the impact of these changes on the environment. Climate change will continue to be a pressing issue, but I am hopeful that we will make significant strides in addressing it. With the widespread adoption of renewable energy and sustainable practices, we will be able tomitigate the effects of climate change and create a more sustainable world for future generations. Additionally, I believe that there will be a greater emphasis on conservation and preservation of natural resources, as people recognize the importance of protecting the environment for the long-term well-being of our planet.In conclusion, the future holds a world that is more technologically advanced, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable. While there are undoubtedly challenges that lie ahead, I am optimistic that we willrise to the occasion and create a better world forourselves and future generations. With continued innovation, collaboration, and dedication, we can build a future thatis brighter and more promising than ever before.。

20年之后读后感英文作文

20年之后读后感英文作文It's been 20 years since I first read this book, and I can't believe how much it still resonates with me. The characters and their struggles are so real, and I find myself thinking about them long after I've put the book down.The themes in this book are timeless. Love, loss, and the search for identity are all explored in such a raw and honest way. It's a reminder that no matter how much time passes, these are the things that connect us all as human beings.I remember feeling so inspired after reading this book for the first time. It made me want to be a better person and to live my life with more compassion and understanding. Even now, 20 years later, it still has that same effect on me.The writing style is so beautiful and lyrical. It's thekind of book that you can get lost in, and every time you read it, you discover something new. The author has a way of capturing the smallest moments and turning them into something profound.I think what strikes me the most about this book is how relevant it still is. The issues it addresses – social justice, mental health, family dynamics – are still so prevalent today. It's a reminder that we still have a long way to go, but also that there is always hope for a better future.Overall, I'm grateful that I read this book 20 years ago, and I'm grateful for the ways in which it has shaped my perspective on the world. It's a book that I will continue to revisit, and I know that it will always hold a special place in my heart.。

20年以后英语作文八年级上册

Twenty Years from Now: A Vision of theFutureTwenty years from now, the world will have transformed in ways we cannot even imagine. Technology will have made leaps and bounds, and the society we know will be a mere shadow of what it will become. Let's take a peek into the future and envision what life might be like in 20 years.Firstly, the most significant change we will witness is in the field of technology. The internet of today will pale in comparison to what it will be in the future. With the advent of 5G and beyond, communication will become instantaneous, and the boundaries of the digital world will merge with our physical reality. Augmented reality and virtual reality will be commonplace, allowing us to experience the world in a completely new way.Moreover, artificial intelligence will have made remarkable progress. AI-powered robots will perform tasks that were once considered exclusive to humans, such as driving, cooking, and even complex decision-making processes. This will free up humans to focus on more creative and innovative tasks.In the realm of healthcare, advances in biotechnology and nanotechnology will lead to revolutionary treatmentsfor diseases that were once considered incurable. Genetic engineering will allow us to tailor-make treatments for individual patients, leading to more personalized and effective healthcare.Environmentally, the world will be striving towards a more sustainable future. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power will be widely adopted, and carbon emissions will be significantly reduced. Electric vehicles will become the norm, and cities will be designed to be more eco-friendly and resilient to climate change.Education will also undergo significant changes. Online learning will become the norm, allowing students to access resources from anywhere in the world. Adaptive learning algorithms will personalize the learning experience for each student, ensuring that they learn in a way that is most effective for them.Finally, the world will become more interconnected and globalized. Nations will collaborate more closely to solve global problems such as climate change and poverty.Cultural exchange will become more frequent, leading to a more tolerant and understanding society.In conclusion, the future twenty years promise to be a time of remarkable change and progress. Technology will continue to evolve, leading to advancements in variousfields such as healthcare, education, and environmental sustainability. The world will become more interconnected and globalized, and we will witness the emergence of a new era where humans and machines coexist harmoniously. Whilethe future may be uncertain, one thing is for sure: it will be an exciting time to be alive.**二十年后的未来展望**二十年后的世界将发生我们难以想象的巨大变化。

20年之后英文作文

20年之后英文作文英文，。

It's hard to imagine what life will be like 20 years from now. So much can change in such a short amount of time. However, I do have some predictions for what the future may hold.Firstly, I believe that technology will continue to advance at an exponential rate. We will have even more advanced smartphones, virtual reality will be commonplace, and self-driving cars will be the norm. This will changethe way we live our lives and interact with each other.Secondly, I think that climate change will become even more of a pressing issue. We will see more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and a greater need for sustainable living. Governments and individuals alike will need to take action to combat this issue.Lastly, I predict that the world will become even more interconnected. Globalization will continue to bring people and cultures together, and we will see an even greater exchange of ideas and goods between countries.中文：难以想象20年后的生活会是什么样子。

英语作文20年后的我

英语作文20年后的我In the year 2043, I stand at the threshold of a new era, reflecting on the journey that has led me here. Twenty years have passed since I was a student, and now I find myself in a position I could only dream of back then. I am a renowned environmental scientist, dedicated to the preservation and restoration of our planet's ecosystems.My days are filled with research and innovation, working alongside a team of brilliant minds to develop sustainable technologies that can combat climate change and protect biodiversity. We have made significant strides in clean energy, with solar and wind power becoming the norm rather than the exception. Our lab has also pioneered a breakthrough in carbon capture technology, which has helped to reverse some of the damage done to our atmosphere.Beyond the lab, I am an advocate for environmental education.I believe that the key to a sustainable future lies in empowering the next generation with knowledge and skills. I frequently visit schools and universities, giving lectures and workshops on the importance of environmental stewardship. It is heartening to see the enthusiasm and commitment of young students, who are eager to make a difference.In my personal life, I have embraced a minimalist lifestyle, reducing my carbon footprint and living in harmony with nature. My home is a model of sustainable living, powered byrenewable energy and designed to minimize waste. I grow my own vegetables in a rooftop garden and have adopted a plant-based diet to reduce my impact on the environment.Despite the progress we have made, there is still much work to be done. The challenges of climate change and environmental degradation are complex and require a global effort. But I am optimistic about the future. With the right combination of technology, education, and commitment, I believe we can build a world that is cleaner, greener, and more sustainable for all.Looking back, I am proud of the path I have chosen and the contributions I have made. The journey has not been easy, but every step has been worth it. As I look to the next twenty years, I am excited about the possibilities and the role I will continue to play in shaping a better world for generations to come.。

After20yearsasaf...

After 20 years as a full-time wife and mother, I decided to be a school bus driver for I loved kids. After hard practice, by the time school started that year I’d gotten the hang of it. I was happy in my new work. I became a combination of chauffeur, nurse and friend. And if the kids needed it, I’d put on my “Tough Big Sister” act. It was a lot like my previous job---being a mom.When I think about my years of bus driving, many things crowded in, but mostly, I remember Charlie.Charlie, eight years old, with blond hair and crystalline gray eyes, began riding my bus in September of my fourth year driving. They all had stories to tell me about their summers. Charlie, though, ignored me. He didn’t even answer when I asked his name.From that day on, Charlie was a trial. If a fight broke out I didn’t have to turn my head to know who had started it. If someone was throwing spitballs I could guess the culprit’s name. If a girl was crying, chances were Charlie had pulled her hair. No matter how I spoke to him, gently or firmly, he wouldn’t say a word. He’d just stare at me with those big gray eyes of his.I asked around some, and found out Charlie’s father was dead and he didn’t live with his mother. He deserves my patience, I thought. So I practiced every bit of patience I could muster. To my cheery “Good Morning”, he was silent. When I wished him a happy Halloween, he sneered. Many, many times I asked God how I could reach Charlie. “I’m at my wit’s end.” I’d say. Still I was sure that this child needed to feel some warmth from me. So, when he’d pass by, I’d ruffle his hair or pat him on the arm. Toward the end of that year, the kids on my bus gave me a small trophy inscribed “To the Best Bus Driver Ever”. I propped it up on the dashboard. On top I hung a small tin heart that a little girl had given me. In red paint she had written, “I love Polly and Polly loves me.”On the next-to-last day of school I was delayed a few minutes talking to the principal. When I got on the bus I realized that the tin heart was gone. “Does anyone know what happened to the little heart that was up here?” I asked. For once with 39 children, there was silence.One boy piped up, “Charlie was the first one on the bus. I bet（打赌） he took it.” Other children joined the chorus, “Yeah! Charlie did it! Search him!” I asked Charlie, “Have you seen the heart?”“I don’t know what you’re talking about,” he protested（抗议）. Standing up, he took a few pennies and a small ball out of his pockets. “See, I don’t have it.”“I bet he does!” insisted the girl who had given me the heart. “Check his pockets.”Charlie glowered when I asked him to come forward. His gaze burned into mine. I stuck my hand into one pocket. Nothing. I reached into the other pocket. Then I felt it ---the familiar outline of the small tin heart. Charlie stared at me for a long time. There were no tears in those big gray eyes, no plea(乞求) for mercy. He seemed to be waiting for what he’d come to expect from the world. I was about to pull the tin heart out of Charlie’s pocket when I stopped myself. Let him keep it, a voice seemed to whisper.“It must have fallen off before I got here,” I said to the kids. “I’ll probably find it back at the depot.” Without a word, Charlie returned to his seat. When he got off at his stop, he didn’t so much as glance at me.That summer Charlie moved away.Eventually I retired. And there my story as a school bus driver ends, except for one more incident. A dozen years after retirement I was in a department store in Kansas City, when someone said tentatively, “Polly?”I turned to see a balding（在脱发的） man who was approaching middle age. “Yes?”His face didn’t look familiar until I noticed his big gray eyes. There was no doubt. It was Charlie.He told me he was living in Montana and doing well. Then, to my surprise, he hugged me. After he let go, he pulled something from his pocket and held it up for me to see. An old key chain….bent out of shape, the lettering faded. You can probably guess what it was---the little tin heart that said, “I love Polly and Polly loves me.”“You were the only one who kept trying,” he explained. We hugged again, and went our separate ways. That night I thought over his words. You were the only one who kept trying. Before I fell asleep I thanked the Lord for the reassurance that I’d done a good job and for all the qualifications he’d given me to do it with.1.From whose point of view is the story told?A. a mother’sB. Polly’sC. Charlie’sD. Tough Big Sister’s2.From the passage, we learn that Charlie was _______ .A. gentle and smartB.cold and firmC.naughty and lazyD. tough and lonely3.The sentence “He seemed to be waiting for what he’d come to expect from the world.”suggests that Charlie __________.A. felt ashamed of what he had doneB. felt Polly had done wrong to himC. expected to get away with what he had doneD. expected to get punished for what he had done4. Charlie kept the tin heart all the time because it reminded him __________.A. it was a Christmas gift from PollyB. it once gave him warmthC. someone there cared himD. it was once a shame to him5.What do you think is the best reward to Polly’s love for Charlie?A. His doing well in his life.B. People’s appreciation for her kindness.C. His thanks to her love.D. Charlie’s recognition of Polly after many years.6.Which detail from the story best shows Polly’s love for Charlie?A. She wished him a happy Halloween.B. She ruffled his hair when he passed her.C. She greeted him with cheery “Good Morning”.D. She lied to the other kids about what happened to the tin heart.。

20年以后英语作文

20年以后英语作文英文回答：It's hard to believe that 20 years have passed since I first started learning English. Looking back, I can see how much I've grown and improved in the language. When I first started, I struggled with basic grammar and vocabulary, but with consistent practice and determination, I was able to overcome these challenges.One of the biggest turning points in my English learning journey was when I spent a year studying abroad in an English-speaking country. Being immersed in the language and culture really helped me to improve my speaking and listening skills. I remember feeling frustrated at times, but I also experienced many breakthrough moments when I was able to communicate effectively with native speakers.As I continued to study and practice English, I also discovered the importance of using idioms and expressionsin my speech. These colorful phrases not only make my language more natural and fluent, but they also help me to connect with others on a deeper level. For example, I often use the phrase "it's raining cats and dogs" to describe heavy rain, and my friends always find it amusing.Now, 20 years later, I can confidently say that English has become an integral part of my life. I use it in my professional career, when traveling, and even when communicating with friends from different parts of the world. It's amazing to see how far I've come, and I'mexcited to see where my English skills will take me in the future.中文回答：难以置信，20年过去了，我第一次开始学习英语。

新标准大学英语综合教程智慧版Unit4二十年后After Twenty Years教学PPT

depict subjects truthfully.
Railroads made it easy and cheap for people to make their way to the West Coast, other booms were taking place in California, notably oil and real estate booms.
appointment with Bob― excitement
night.
and exchange of news.
2. Bob is arrested by the plain-clothes ︾ 5. A man in the darkened doorway of a
man who was disguised as Jimmy
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
background information about the structure of fiction
01. SETTING physical setting (where)
chronological (when)
02. CONFLICT external conflict internal conflict
03. CHARACTER flat/static character round/dynamic character
protagonist antagonist
SETTIN G
PLOT
CHARA CTER
CONFLI CT
04. POINT OF VIEW first person narrator • protagonist • observer third person narrator • ominiscient • dramatic

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This paper was written in the early 1980s.Various circumstances prevented its publication back then.Stan's current circumstances require its publication in its original form.I feel I must provide some information on its background.Stan (with A Gillard)was supervising my 1984PhD at the University of Newcastle upon T yne.He was researching (among one million other things)empirical aspects of spatial interaction (SI)models,including zoning systems (Openshaw,1977a)and distance deterrence function performance (Openshaw,1977b).He was also developing a `suite'of related programs in FORTRAN-IV ,extending his 1976work.He had also produced several other works (Openshaw,1975;1977c;1978).I had just completed research for my 1980work on spatial models of retailing and I was working on systems evolution (for example,from Christaller to Lo sch),parametric stability under system change (partly included in Veneris,1980;1984)and the modelling of new or theoretical situations,which could give some social gendanken experiments (see Veneris,1984;1990;1993).Central place theory (CPT)was one such theoretical system I was exploring.Stan became very enthusiastic when he saw my first (``empirical ^theoretical'',he called them)data (trip and distance)calculated from a Christallerian K 3system.We agreed that the cross-examination of CPT and SI was a common area into which our other research endeavours could contribute.After all,it concerned two fundamental streams of spatial theory and practice,while an increasing number of researchers have been speculating on their positive relationship.They had even suggested the values the model's parameters would take (see the paper for discussion and references).We decided to continue on the K 3,because it is the most widely quoted part of Christaller's work;it proved also the most difficult one,while it is implicit in planning practice.Soon various obscure points of the original Christallerian scheme were encountered.One of them is `closure'.I had already applied `closure structures'in the dynamic urban model DYMUST (see Veneris,1984;1990),so I devised a variant for the Christallerian system.Another is road systems versus the underlying isotropic assumptions.We decided to run both the K 3road system,which I calculated,and the `air line'distances,which Stan measured on the drawings by means of a digitiser.We also needed a computational notation for the urban centres.I devised one based on prime numbers,which was conceptually pleasing but computationally inconvenient,and then the IJKL which was finally adopted.While Stan was busy configuring the models,I wrote the FORTRAN-IV routines which iterate the IJKL .Our colleague Dr Colin Wymer calculated the intrazonal trip,complementing the Euclidean geometry with Newtonian calculus.After several months of intensive,yet nonexclusive work,we were inspecting the first computer printouts.Stan's arsenal of deterrence functions and all sorts of variants of the SI model kept producing hundreds of pages full of numbers.Stan's brain would process the results at high speed...and then he would set off on more and more runs.20years afterYannis Veneris School of Architecture,Department of Language,Communication and Design,Informatics Section,National Technical University of Athens,42Patission Avenue,Athens,Greece;e-mail:yven@central.ntua.grEnvironment and Planning A 2003,volume 35,pages 1385^1403DOI:10.1068/a35295a1386Y VenerisWe were satisfied that we managed to treat a theoretical CP system as a real one and that the SI models could be applied on it,although the results were running contrary to the expectations of concerned researchers.My own conjecture that the SI model's assumed generalised interaction could not accommodate the zero trips inherent in hierarchical systems was validated,but not my favourable expectations for the Reilly model.My other conjecture,namely that the SI would perform better in Lo schian systems was left for future research.Stan had no conjectures and no expectations:as a convinced empiricist,he was expecting the data to speak for themselves,even for such a theoretical experiment.We selected the material,summarised results in tables and wrote the paper.In the meantime I had finished my PhD Thesis,so I left for Greece to do my military service. Stan kept everything but my original manuscripts.He eventually submitted the paper to Environment and Planning A,choosing also to put the words``Numerical experiments'' in its title.Then the fireworks started.In the beginning,an anonymous referee expressed some concern about a possible numerical error.Stan never told me what it was,but he believed that there was no error and he was going to reconfirm the results.Time passed,and one day he informed me that he had lost the paper(both in its electronic and its printed forms)as well as some of the programs!His move to Leeds seems to have made things worse,if worse was possible(I now know it was possible...). Rewriting the paper was not an option.Some years(!)later Stan found a hard copy of the original paper,stored by Ros Whitehead in her immaculate archive. Fortunately,it included all the calculated data and the drawings.By then we were full of new ideas as to how we could extend this research,as well as link it with our newer research interests.Stan even wanted to produce a package in the SimCity fashion,for educational purposes.We kept exchanging e-mail messages,taking about``Christ(aller)'s resurrection''or ``Defrosting C(h)ristal(ler)'',until Stan's illness.Some further comments on the paperSo far as the paper is concerned and after some thoughtful comments by an anonymous referee,I feel certain further points are worth making:1.We selected K 3,as noted already,because it is the most widely known Christallerian system;probably it is also the most complex one.The techniques developed in this paper are applicable in other Christallerian systems(K 4,7,9, mixed-K varying with level of good),or further in Lo schian,linear(such as Hotelling's) and other systems.2.The theoretically infinite CPT system should be made finite in order for it to be conceptually and computationally tractable.The closure principles devised resolve this and are applicable in many other cases,even in non-CPT ones(Veneris,1984;1990). Territorial and functional principles are also used in nonformalised regional studies,so they are not arbitrary theoretical constructs.Closure is a general systems research problem:what is the system,what is the environment?``Determinatio est negatio'' wrote Spinoza I think,meaning that every time we define something as a system,we exclude something else,which is becoming part of the system's environment.3.Since our concern was spatial interaction,we focused naturally on shopping trips, not on sales volume,or other aspects of the CP system.However,one should be always aware of the vast abstractions present in CPT:for instance,no class differences,or consumer preferences exist.CP economic ideology is considered neo-classical(which I have questioned in Veneris,1984;1992),but the assumed society is perfectly egalitarian.So spending is proportional to the population size,which may trivialise some considerations.20years after13874.CPT does not take into account all sorts of serious issues.For instance,what is called`intervening opportunities':originating from zone i and on his or her way to zone m,a consumer crossing zones j,k,l may decide to stop for shopping because something drew his or her attention.This effect is stronger when the intervening centre is of higher level than the presumed destination.However,both the CPT and the SI theories ignore this effect and assume`determined'consumers,who start from i and go to m without second thoughts;SI takes into account the overall effect of all centres. Other models(reviewed and extended in Veneris,1980)cope with this issue.Another issue is`joint'or`external'economies.For instance,a level-4centre is at the same time a level-3centre and a level-2and a level-1centre.This means that going to the level-4 centre renders unnecessary travelling to centres in other levels of the hierarchy.Also, living near the level-4centre has advantages over living near lower level centres, because of the wider variety of goods provided by this centre.In the same time,the level-4centre is more centrally located,so it has clear advantages over the lower level centres.Y et,the level-4centre appears as just another level-3centre,along with the other level-3centres,which are less centrally located,provide a weaker mix of services,etc; it appears also as a level-2centre,along with the other level-2centres,and as a level-1 centre,along with the other level-1centres.It is assumed thus that it competes in equal terms with the other centres in each hierarchical level,although it has clear competitive advantages over them exactly because of the way this hierarchy is constructed.The same is true for each higher order centre when it appears in the lower level CP networks.This appears to be a fundamental antinomy,which is built into the priors,I would think,of CPT.5.The data generated could be fed into other simulation models,in addition to the SI ones.6.Multipurpose shopping trips also present a challenge,for SI theory this time.The CP consumer(and a real consumer nevertheless)may visit a higher order centre and purchase in one shot all goods supplied,thus reducing trip frequency.In other words,the variety of goods provided by shopping centres is an`attraction factor'.Various shopping model studies would use the goods variety and/or other similar`physical'factors,such as shopping floor space,shopping centre revenues,etc as attraction factors.However, with the entropy derivation of the shopping model,emphasis shifted on trips aggregated per origin as well as per destination,thus giving them the role of attraction factors as well. Variety indices,or floor space can be derived from CPT.7.This research could be extended in various ways:(a)Include more levels.Then perhaps some algorithms should be devised in order to automate calculations.(b)Explore other K systems,including systems in which K varies with the hierarchical level.(c)Devise other road schemes.(d)Extend to Lo schian landscapes.(e)Use other types of model:intervening opportunities would be a good candidate.(f)Use the approach in order to create virtual city systems,which could be used for educational or recreational simulation games.(g)Explore dynamics:fit a model on an existing city system,then add centres(`new town'),add roads,etc.Realistic scenarios could be outlined,controlled data could be derived and then research could explore these new situations.Empirical data have always been a limitation for modelling studies.The CP system can be used as a data generator.References Openshaw S,1975Some Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Spatial Interaction Shopping Models CATMOG 4(Geo Abstracts,Norwich)Openshaw S,1976,``An empirical study of some spatial interaction models''Environment and Planning A 823^41Openshaw S,1977a,``Alternative methods of estimating spatial interaction models and their performance in short-term forecasting'',Department of Town and Country Planning,University of Newcastle,Newcastle upon Tyne Openshaw S,1977b,``Optimal zoning systems for spatial interaction models''Environment and Planning A 9169^184Openshaw S,1977c,``Models in planning:a state of the art review''Planing Outlook 2020^34Openshaw S,1978,``Using models in planning'',Retail and Planning Associates,Newcastle upon Tyne Veneris Y ,1980Spatial Models of Retailing unpublished PhD thesis,Department of Architecture,Aristotle University of Thessalonica,Greece Veneris Y ,1984Informational Revolution,Cybernetics and Urban Modelling unpublished PhD thesis,Department of Town and Country Planning,University of Newcastle,Newcastle upon Tyne Veneris Y ,1990,``Modelling the transition from the industrial to the informational revolution''Environment and Planning A 22399^416Veneris Y ,1992The Cities of Tomorrow:Spatial Restructuring in the Era of the Informal Revolution (Nea Synora A-A Livanis,Athens)(in Greek)Veneris Y ,1993,``Reliable design under conflicting social values''Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design 20145^1621388Y Veneris。

DOI10.1068a35295a 20 years after

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新标准大学英语综合教程智慧版Unit4二十年后After Twenty Years教学PPT