2019年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(九)
2019年考研《英语二》翻译答案汇总-考研.doc
2019年考研《英语二》翻译答案汇总-考研经济类联考数学全程规划班掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法，制定全年复习规划1李擂《考研经综数学导学讲义》无逻辑2014真题解析了解2014逻辑真题的主要考查内容，试题结构，预测2016逻辑真题的命题趋向2王晓东《2014年经济类联考综合真题及其答案》高等数学基础班全面学习高等数学的基本知识点，理解基本概念，掌握基本运算方法，为强化提高打下基础。
16李擂《考研经综数学基础讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心教程》高等数学强化课程，依据考试大纲及历年真题介绍分别高等数学、线性代数、概率论主要知识点，归纳总结命题方向和常见的解题思想，结合强化课，帮助考生进一步强化解题思路。
24李擂《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·数学》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·数学》逻辑强化熟悉逻辑各题型的特点和表现形式，能熟练地运用各知识点和相关的逻辑方法解题16饶思中《考研管综逻辑强化讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·逻辑》写作强化通过课程学习巩固考研写作的要点重点难点，并掌握写作的大体思路12王诚《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·写作》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·写作》冲刺串讲各科冲刺串讲，系统串讲各科知识体系，指导考生针对核心考点进行深度学习。
8李擂《考研经综数学冲刺讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心预测4套卷》逻辑冲刺提高运用各种知识点和逻辑方法解答各种类型的逻辑题的综合能力；消灭逻辑理解中的盲点和误区；提高解题的速度和正确率4饶思中《考研经综逻辑冲刺讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人考前8天写作大预测》写作冲刺掌握写作大小作文的模版，能利用模版衍生解决应试模版的能力，规范写作8王诚《考研经综写作冲刺讲义》写作模考通过应试技巧的学习，提供写作的速度，发现考试中的问题，及时解决，提高考试分值4王诚《考研管综写作4套卷》逻辑2014真题解析了解2014逻辑真题的主要考查内容，试题结构，预测2016逻辑真题的命题趋向2王晓东《2014年考研管综真题》数学基础通过学习管理类联考数学的基本概念、基本理论、基本方法，为强化提高打基础20刘京环《考研管综初数基础讲义-刘京环》《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心教程》数学强化依据考试大纲及历年真题介绍管理数学数学主要知识点，归纳总结命题方向和常见的解题思想。
2019考研英语翻译练习【五篇】
2019考研英语翻译练习【五篇】导读：本文2019考研英语翻译练习【五篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
【篇一：世界杯】日历翻到六月，四年一届的世界杯终于来了。
如果你是球迷，不管是凌晨从床上一跃而起，独自面对电视为心爱的球队加油助威;还是约上三五好友，备上饮料啤酒，看着新军豪门在球场上快意恩仇，都是莫大的享受。
如果你不是球迷，绿茵场上也同样帅哥云集，总有一款是你的菜。
下面就给大家科普一下八个小组中备受关注的豪门新贵及其当家球星，还有32支球队的巴士标语。
各位“伪球迷”赶快来学习一下吧!A组埃及丨Egypt世界杯看球（脸）指南：能不能愉快度过这个夏天就靠它了！➤标语When you say Pharaohs, the world must get up and listen 法老发声，世界静听★ 核心球员：“法老王”Mohamed Salah, the Premier League's top player this season. The former Roma star went from a pretty well-known player to a household name with his amazing performances for Liverpool this season, scoring over 40 goals and guiding the team to the Champions League final.穆罕默德·萨拉赫是本赛季英超联赛的球员。
这位前罗马队球员在本赛季转会到利物浦后，凭借其出色的发挥，打进了40余粒联赛进球，从一名知名球员蜕变为家喻户晓的球星。
在他的帮助下，利物浦也进入了本赛季的欧冠决赛。
足球是十一名球员的运动，然而作为埃及现象性的球星，“法老王”萨拉赫的发挥状况会很大程度上决定埃及会在世界杯上走多远，毕竟本赛季他进攻端的表现足以在今年的金球奖评选中与梅西、C罗一较高下。
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版
2019考研英语真题参考答案完整版Section I: Reading ComprehensionPart A1. D2. C3. B4. A5. B6. D7. C8. A9. D 10. CPart B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. DSection II: Use of EnglishPart A21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. BPart B41. interprets 42. considered 43. enhance 44. authorities 45. complex 46. hypothetical 47. obtained 48. influence 49. abstract 50. breakthrough Section III: Listening ComprehensionPart A51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A56. B 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. CPart B61. D 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. D66. A 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. ASection IV: TranslationPart A71. The key to a successful career is continuous learning and self-improvement.Part B72. I will stay up late to finish this project, only if it is absolutely necessary.Section V: WritingPrompt: Discuss the impact of global warming on the environment and propose possible solutions.Global Warming: Impacts and SolutionsIntroduction:In recent years, the issue of global warming has become a major concern for both scientists and the general public. This essay explores the impacts of global warming on the environment and offers possible solutions to tackle this complex problem.Impacts of Global Warming:1. Rising temperatures: Global warming has resulted in a significant increase in average temperatures worldwide. This has led to the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, threatening the habitat of many species and leading to rising sea levels.2. Extreme weather events: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves, have been observed to increase due to global warming. These events have devastating consequences for both human beings and ecosystems.3. Disruption of ecosystems: Global warming has disrupted ecosystems by altering temperature and rainfall patterns, causing shifts in habitats and loss of biodiversity. This can lead to the extinction of vulnerable species and affect the overall balance of ecosystems.Possible Solutions:1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions: Implementing stricter regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is crucial. This can be achieved through promoting renewable energy sources, encouraging energy efficiency, and adopting cleaner transportation methods.2. Afforestation and reforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests is an effective way to mitigate global warming. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, acting as natural carbon sinks. Additionally, forests help regulate local temperatures and support diverse ecosystems.3. Public awareness and education: Educating the public about the impacts of global warming and the importance of sustainable living is essential. This can be done through educational programs, campaigns, and media platforms to raise awareness and promote responsible environmental practices.4. International cooperation: Addressing global warming requires international collaboration. Countries must come together to shareknowledge, resources, and technologies in order to develop innovative solutions and implement effective measures on a global scale.Conclusion:In conclusion, global warming poses significant threats to the environment, including rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and ecosystem disruption. However, by implementing solutions such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, afforestation, raising public awareness, and fostering international cooperation, we can mitigate the impacts of global warming and move towards a more sustainable future for our planet.总结 (Conclusion):在这篇文章中，我们讨论了全球变暖对环境的影响，并提出了可能的解决方案。
2019年翻译资格考试catti三级笔译实务试题九
英译汉Translate the following sentence into Chinese.l. I wanted to be a man, and a man I am.2. Keeping the intricacies and complexities out of the picture, let us take the binary opposites of the rich and the poor in the global system.3. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.4. In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.5. There had been too much publicity about their relationship.6. She was more royal than the royals.7. I've known several people who have overcome nail-biting simply by buying 50 nail files and distributing t:hem everywhere: in their pockets, desks and bedrooms.8. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage.9. Amy settles into her seat, takes out her computer and reads over the agenda for the meeting to which she's traveling.10. Some people accuse me of being rude because I always introduce myself to other people I meet on trains; but I answer by telling them that the reason for my action is not curiosity but friendliness.答案1. 我立志做一个真正的人;我现在终于成了一个真正的人。
2019年考研《英语二》翻译答案(文都版)-考研.doc
2019年考研《英语二》翻译答案（文都版）-考研扫描/长按下面二维码获取2019考研真题及答案扫描/长按下面二维码下载考研万题库估分SectionⅢTranslation 【翻译答案】我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
他的作品秉承一种令人愉快的，易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以模仿。
很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间。
”说来容易，做来难。
与大家所想的相反，早年吉米·哈利发现写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作游戏”。
尽管很显然他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写与阅读的结果。
与大多数作家一样，一路走来，他经历了多次的失望与拒绝，但这一切使他更坚定了获得成功的决心。
他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然。
经济类联考数学全程规划班掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法，制定全年复习规划1李擂《考研经综数学导学讲义》无逻辑2014真题解析了解2014逻辑真题的主要考查内容，试题结构，预测2016逻辑真题的命题趋向2王晓东《2014年经济类联考综合真题及其答案》高等数学基础班全面学习高等数学的基本知识点，理解基本概念，掌握基本运算方法，为强化提高打下基础。
16李擂《考研经综数学基础讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心教程》高等数学强化课程，依据考试大纲及历年真题介绍分别高等数学、线性代数、概率论主要知识点，归纳总结命题方向和常见的解题思想，结合强化课，帮助考生进一步强化解题思路。
24李擂《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·数学》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·数学》逻辑强化熟悉逻辑各题型的特点和表现形式，能熟练地运用各知识点和相关的逻辑方法解题16饶思中《考研管综逻辑强化讲义》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·逻辑》写作强化通过课程学习巩固考研写作的要点重点难点，并掌握写作的大体思路12王诚《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·写作》《经济类联考综合阅卷人核心笔记·写作》冲刺串讲各科冲刺串讲，系统串讲各科知识体系，指导考生针对核心考点进行深度学习。
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语翻译基础B卷试题及参考答案
姓名：报考专业： 准考证号码：密封线内不要写题2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题科目名称：英语翻译基础（□A 卷■B 卷）科目代码：357考试时间：3小时 满分150分可使用的常用工具：√无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
Part One Phrase Translation(30 points)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate 30 expressions, abbreviations or proper names, either from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English.Section A English to Chinese (15 points)1) ASEAN 2) hitch ride3) (UK) Chancellor of the Exchequer 4) e-sports tournament 5) digital strip searches6) Office of the US Trade Representative 7) lunar exploration program 8) tax declaration9) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 10) White House Correspondents Association 11) pseudo base station 12) applets 13) wearable devices 14) zombie policy 15) seagoing airbaseSection B Chinese to English (15 points)1) 家庭收支 2) 收视率造假 3) 刷脸2019年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试答案科目名称：英语翻译基础（□A卷■B卷）科目代码：357考试时间：3小时满分 150 分可使用的常用工具：√□无□计算器□直尺□圆规（请在使用工具前打√）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
大学英语四级改革适用段落翻译模拟题2019年(9)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟题2019年(9)(总分710, 做题时间125分钟)Part Ⅳ Translation1.铜鼓(bronze drum)文化是中国南方地区典型的文化代表。
在古代，铜鼓多用于祭拜、出征仪式(deploy-ing ritual)和庆祝活动。
它是激动人心的打击乐器(percussion instrument)，给人们带来极大的精神鼓舞。
在战场上，铜鼓还被用于传送信号、指挥作战。
直至今日，许多少数民族依然保持着在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合使用铜鼓的习俗。
铜鼓文化极大地丰富了中华民族艺术的宝库。
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 118.4答案:The bronze drum culture is representative of South China's culture. In ancient times, bronze drums were mostly used at the sacrifice ceremonies, deploying rituals and celebrating ceremonies. They belong to exciting percussion instruments which bring people great spiritual inspiration. Bronze drums were also used to transmit signals and direct military operations in battles. Until now, many minority groups still maintain the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions such as traditional festivals, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies. The bronze drum culture greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national art.1．第1句中的“代表”可译为representative，常用短语是be representative of。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(9)
B.whenever
C.wherever
D.however
上一题下一题
(28/30)Vocabulary
第28题
Allowing our cities to be______by cars has progressively affected children´ s independent mobility, for children have lost much of their freedom to explore their own neighborhood or city.
A.definitive
B.optimum
C.implacable
D.righteous
上一题下一题
(9/30)Vocabulary
第Hale Waihona Puke 题My reading in later life has supplied me with some possible explanations of his______.
A.put down
B.put across
C.put away
D.put out
上一题下一题
(20/30)Vocabulary
第20题
The local authorities realized the need to make______for elderly people in their housing programs.
A.let in
B.let out
C.let go of
D.let off
上一题下一题
(26/30)Vocabulary
第26题
The Supreme Court´ s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important ______for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. .
2019考研英语翻译练习【五篇】
【导语】愿你像那⼩⼩的溪流，将那⾼⾼的⼭峰作为⽣命的起点，⼀路跳跃，⼀路奔腾，勇敢地、勇敢地奔向⽣活的⼤海。
⽆忧考中考频道整理了2019考研英语翻译练习【五篇】，具体如下：【篇⼀：世界杯】⽇历翻到六⽉，四年⼀届的世界杯终于来了。
如果你是球迷，不管是凌晨从床上⼀跃⽽起，独⾃⾯对电视为⼼爱的球队加油助威;还是约上三五好友，备上饮料啤酒，看着新军豪门在球场上快意恩仇，都是莫⼤的享受。
如果你不是球迷，绿茵场上也同样帅哥云集，总有⼀款是你的菜。
下⾯就给⼤家科普⼀下⼋个⼩组中备受关注的豪门新贵及其当家球星，还有32⽀球队的巴⼠标语。
各位“伪球迷”赶快来学习⼀下吧! A组 埃及⼁Egypt世界杯看球（脸）指南：能不能愉快度过这个夏天就靠它了！ ➤标语 When you say Pharaohs, the world must get up and listen 法⽼发声，世界静听 ★核⼼球员：“法⽼王” Mohamed Salah, the Premier League's top player this season. The former Roma star went from a pretty well-known player to a household name with his amazing performances for Liverpool this season, scoring over 40 goals and guiding the team to the Champions League final. 穆罕默德·萨拉赫是本赛季英超联赛的球员。
这位前罗马队球员在本赛季转会到利物浦后，凭借其出⾊的发挥，打进了40余粒联赛进球，从⼀名知名球员蜕变为家喻户晓的球星。
在他的帮助下，利物浦也进⼊了本赛季的欧冠决赛。
⾜球是⼗⼀名球员的运动，然⽽作为埃及现象性的球星，“法⽼王”萨拉赫的发挥状况会很⼤程度上决定埃及会在世界杯上⾛多远，毕竟本赛季他进攻端的表现⾜以在今年的⾦球奖评选中与梅西、C罗⼀较⾼下。
考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析（九）
No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’meeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society’s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this. 63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________. （A）its raising of the corporate stock price （B）its self-examination of soul （C）its neglect of social responsibility （D）its emphasis on creative freedom 64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? （A）Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner. （B）Gerald Levin is liable to compromise. （C）Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate. （D）Steve Ross is no longer alive. 65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________. （A）stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression （B）softened his tone and adopted some new policy （C）changed his attitude and yielded to objection （D）received more support from the 15-member board 66. The best title for this passage could be ________. （A）A Company under Fire （B）A Debate on Moral Decline （C）A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture （D）A Form of Creative Freedom 答案及试题解析 63.（C）意为：它对社会责任的忽视。
考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案
考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。
B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。
C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。
D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。
“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。
知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。
B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。
C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。
D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。
【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。
该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。
选项D对句型理解有误。
选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。
知识模块：英译汉3． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。
最新考研英语一翻译模拟试题及答案
考研英语一翻译模拟试题及答案为广大考生整理了考研英语一翻译模拟试题及答案，供广大考生参考：Whether or not animals are due equal consideration is an unresolved issue. 46) I have defended a moral presumption in favour of equal consideration, and it is clear that appeals to species will not overturn that presumption. Almost as certainly, contract theory will not do so either. But, while no published discussions of the appeals to moral agency and to social bonds have carried the burden of proof on the inegalitarian, it may be premature to preclude the possibility that the relevant argument could be developed more successfully. 47) Among the various challenges to equal consideration, the strategy of appealing to the common-sense moral differences regarding assistance and killing seems strongest. Combining this approach with either, or both, of the suitably developed appeals to moral agency and social bonds may offer the most formidable possible challenge to equal consideration. 48) But the very real possibility the our intuitions regarding assistance and killing are shaped by pro-human, anti-animal prejudice justifies a continued presumption in favour of equal consideration. Only a challenge that was explicit, coherent, and more compelling than any produce so far could overturn that presumption.Suppose that the presumption favouring equal consideration foranimals were successfully overturned, how should we understand animal moral status? As we have seen, the view that animals have moral status is not plausible, in view of the arguments we have canvassed. 49) But there is a position that falls in between that extreme one and the equal-consideration approach, a view that is intuitively fairly plausible and no doubt tacitly accepted by many people.To get a handle on this view, one needs to imagine two particular scales and then merge them. The first is the phylogenetic scale, or at least one way of construing it. This scale is an evolutionary hierarchy with animal species that are more biologically and cognitively complex closer to the top. The second scale is a hierarchy of moral status. Being at the very top have the highest moral status and deserve full consideration. Beings somewhat lower deserve very serious consideration but less that what the beings on the top deserve. 50) As one moves down this scale of moral status or moral consideration, the amount of consideration one owes to beings at a particular level decreases. At some point one reaches beings who deserve just a little consideration.答案及译文主要引用了外研社的斑斓阅读系列的《动物权利》中杨通进的译文。
2019年考研英语试题与答案解析(完整版)
2019年考研英语试题与答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. I of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize, 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate_5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9 ,if you head downhill, and follow any H20 you find, you should 10 see signs of peopleIf you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 even in dense fores, you should be ableto 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At might can the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes tire tracks. and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.[A]Some[B]Most[C] Few[D] All2.[A]put[B]take[C] run[D] come3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D] until4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C] gradually[D] literally5.[A] back[B]next[C] around[D] away6.[A] onto[B]off[C]across[D] alone7.[A] unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar8.[A] site[B]point[C]way[D] place9.[A] So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D] Besides10.[A] immediately[B] intentionally[C] unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A] surprised[B] annoyed[C] frightened[D]confused12[A] problem[B]option[C]view[D] result13.[A] Above all[B] In contrast[C]On average[D] For example14.[A]bridge[B] avoid[C]spot[D] separate15.[A]form[B]through[C] beyond[D] Under16.[A] posts[B]links[C] shades[D]breaks17.[A] artificial[B] mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited18.[A] Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D] Generally19.[A] memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C] lead[D] exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this " clawback" rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies.says the Bank of England's top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classical economics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like" Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed "quarterly capitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. " There seems to be a predominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce"short-termism. " In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds that"asubstantial part"of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism, such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the companyand on behalf of all stakeholders, Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is theA. enhance bankers' sense of responsibilityB help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. "short-termism" in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can beA. inditedB. adverseC. minimal D temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing "short-termism.B. the significance or long term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force -a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness"- is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their gradation rates.When this practice fir started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now mostcolleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree programand gradation without incurring a big penalty. "Untimely. "said Jack Mine, Ohio State University's registrar. "we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well. For public institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics suchas graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who, at the end of the day are paying the bill-feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-or at least appear to be. On this, students' and colleges’incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS.C Colleges neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgivenessA. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities’ income from tuition.28. According to Paragraph 5. grade forgiveness enables collegesA. obtain more financial support.B. boost their student enrollments.C. improve their teaching quality.D. meet local governments’needs.29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Line 5. Para. 6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each otherB. To complement each other.C. To be identical with each otherD. To be contradictory to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA assessing its feasibilityB.analyzing the causes behind it.C. comparing different views on it.D. listing its long-run effectsText 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein, or. The Modem Prometheus by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many chical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (An) raises fundamental questions: "What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? what makes humans humans? What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi Tv series such as"Westworld and"Humans".Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist, "We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn't mean crucial ethical issues involving Al aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles. for example poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometime makesplit-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes. input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI "vision"today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data. "you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions, "notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of Al. Along with Singapore, othergovernments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its Al ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to"design or deploy Ar" that would cause"overall harm, "or to develop Al-directed weapons or use Al for surveillance that would violate international norms. It alsopledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point, So does the idea that decisions made by Al systems should be explainable, transparent. and fair. To put it another way. How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned becauseA. fascinates Al scientists all over the worldB.has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. involves some concerns raised by Al todayD.has sparked serious ethical controversies32. In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. can be misleading to robot makingC. inspires popular sci-fi TV seriesD.is too limited for us to reproduce it33.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. is still beyond our capacityC. causes little public concernD.has aroused much curiosity34. The authors attitude toward Google’s pledges is one ofA. AffirmationB. skepticismC. contemptD. respect35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Al’s Future: In the Hands of Tech giantsB. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AC. The Conscience of Al: Complex But InevitableD. AI Shall Be Killers once out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Courts opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficultfor states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customers purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office. the business did 't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generallyresponsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States." he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices, Kennedy wrote that the rule limited states ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before, Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon. com. with its network of warehouses also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don 't have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside thosestates Sellers that use eBay and Etsy. which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also hat collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws out.. state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the staleRetail trade groups praised the ruling. saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailersespecially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement"Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday willA. Dette business relations with statesB. put most online business in a dilemmaC. make more online shoppers pay sules taxD. force some sates to ct sales tax37. It can be learned from paragraph 2 and 3 that the overruled decisionsA. have led to the domainance of e-commerceB. have cost consumers a lot over the yearsC. were widely criticized by online purchaseD. were consider unfavorable by states38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule hasA. hindered economic developmentB. brought prosperity to the countryC. harmed fair market competitionD. Boosted growth in states, revenue39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court rulingA. Internet entrepreneursB. Big- chair ownersB. Third-party sellersD. Small retailers40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday the authorA. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequencesB. describes the long and complicated process of its makingC. presents its main points with conflicting views on themD. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implications Part BDirections.The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling then into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. These tools can help you win every argument- not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our viewof arguments-from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding-then we change the very nature of what it means to"win"an argument.B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to lean how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical tights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions like. Say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments. especially about politics and religion.E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way. to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. " This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems forour personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition. you can win by cheating as long as you don go caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, "Yes, "and I yell. "No, "neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other. and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other's positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41E-42D-F-43G-44B-C-45APart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column aboutthe medical journals, and beg read scientific papers from beginning to end that I realized just how bad much of the medical literature frequency was, I came to recognize various sins of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who est more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. 46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generate both health scores andshort-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely than people do bad science,but than out current system of career advancement positively encourages it.what is important is not truth,but inflationary process at work: (47) Nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers than would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality,then count the number. (48)Attempts have been made to curd this tendency,for example by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted else where in the scientific literature the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientist can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publicat or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable saving in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunate the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible ,we must ensure that our institutions encourage that king of science.46【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。
2019年考研英语真题答案及解析
但又……时，你必须回答两个问题：在这片区域内哪一……是下坡路？最近的水源在哪里？可见，上
段末与本句构成“概说（迷路后的对策） 细说”的语义场，故本句 When you find yourself________a
trail 实际在重申上述假设前提（When 表示“条件”），即“如果迷路”，off 作介词课表“偏离”，由程
表示“（机器/设备依靠某种能源）运转”。
3. [A] Since 自……以来；因为，既然
[B] If 如果；是否；即使
[C] Though 尽管；不过
[D] Until 直到……为止
【答案】B
【考点】句内语义逻辑。
【解析】本题考查句内逻辑，从句、主句大意分别为“在没有导航工具的情况下迷路”、“我们有一
帮助迷路者重返文明社会，one of which 引导定于从句，引出其中一个技巧：沿着陆地走。
6. [A] onto 到……上，朝……上
[B] off 离开；不在（某地）上
[C] across 穿过，越过；朝，向
[D] alone 单独，独自；孤身一人
【答案】B
【考点】介词搭配。
【解析】上段末句指出，迷路后的对策之一是沿着陆地走。本句指出，当发现自己_____小路/路线，
意为“助你找回/明确方向”，故________to civilization 应体现“返回文明社会”之意，[A] back 正确。
词汇注释与难句分析
GPS 全球定位系统（Global Positioning System） die 停止运转
navigation 导航；领航
Straight 径直；笔直地
探索过区域迷路后的对策“寻找熟悉景物”。第四段 1 句冒号后内容“登高并寻找人类居住的迹象”在
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020<原文> Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownorthe wayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlikethebackof yourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytoloseconcentrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentionto thepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyouperceivethatthetri phastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas。
Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakes totravelafamiliarroute。
Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetrave ldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterw ards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.Soweassumeitwasshorter。
<点评>今年英语二的翻译在难度上有所上升。
文中，虽没有出现太多的生词，但整体要从语义上完整通顺地译出来，这就需要考生结合上下文，采用增词，意译的方式来处理。
卓顶精文2019英语考研翻译真题及解析
2019第一段Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledepen dslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.71)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinor dertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,the mayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenter s;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnat uralresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyintheg rowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanyc ase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientifica ndtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.第二段73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, whilegovernments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavast lyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityand consequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologi stsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect .2019一、核心词汇注释acton*1.按……行动，奉行例：acton principles根据原则办事2.对……起作用，影响例：Themusic acted stirringly on theemotionsoftheaudience.音乐使观众情绪激动。
2019年考研《英语》考试试题及答案(卷九)
2019年考研《英语》考试试题及答案（卷九）Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?”before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A.on B.like C.for D.from2. A.faith B.concern C.attention D.interest3. A.benefit B.debt C.hope D.price4. A.Therefore B.Then C.Instead D.Again5. A.Until B.Unless C.Although D.When6. A.selects B.produces C.applies D.maintains7. A.consult pete C.connect pare8. A.at B.by C.of D.to9. A.context B.mood C.period D.circle10. A.counterparts B.substitutes C.colleagues D.supporters11. A.Funny B.Lucky C.Odd D.Ironic12. A.monitor B.protect C.surprise D.delight13. A.between B.within C.toward D.over14. A.transferred B.added C.introduced D.entrusted15. A.out B.back C.around D.inside16. A.discovered B.proved C.insisted D.remembered17. A.betrayed B.wronged C.fooled D.mocked18. A.forced B.willing C.hesitant D.entitled19. A.In contrast B.As a result C.On the whole D.For instance20. A.inflexible B.incapable C.unreliable D.unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。
复盘2019年北外MTI汉英翻译真题（下篇）
复盘2019年北外MTI汉英翻译真题（下篇）近年来，北外在MTI考试中越来越重视对于中国传统⽂化、历史哲学和审美思想的考查，⽆论是先前的“天⼈合⼀”还是“孔⼦⽣平”，都需要同学们对这些“极为简约却⾼度概括”的词汇有清楚的认识，⽐如“天”、“仁”、“道”、“礼”、“德”等等概念，既要知道如何⽤⼀个句⼦充分概述其中的内涵，也要学会使⽤⼀个单词简要地指代对应概念。
2019年12⽉的北外MTI汉英翻译真题就是⼀个很好的例⼦，现在⽼师带⼤家全⾯复盘这篇当时令⽆数考⽣抓狂的⽂本，把原⽂掰开了揉碎了为⼤家分析清楚，并教会⼤家如何处理此类⽂本。
我们接着上期内容，来看朱熹和谭嗣同的部分：“朱熹同意程颐的说法，将仁看作“爱之理，⼼之德”，认为“爱是恻隐，恻隐是情，其理则谓之仁。
⼈之所以为⼈，其理则天地之理，其⽓则天地之⽓”。
1. ⾸先我们讨论“为⼈”和“⾮⼈”的问题，2015年的真题中也出现过“⽆是⾮之⼼，⾮⼈也”这样的句⼦。
许多同学（包括很多参考书）都将其翻译为non-human，这是值得商榷的：儒学讨论的“⾮⼈”并⾮是在强调物种意义上的界限，⽽是“⼈（或君⼦）作为具有精神与⽂明的动物，与寻常动物（或⼩⼈）有着本质的区别”，因此这⾥⽤civility, civilized, educated, well-mannered, well-behaved等强调精神素养（⽽⾮⽣物属性）类的词汇都是可以的。
2. 这句话的另⼀个难点在于处理“爱”、“情”、“理”、“⼼”和“德”这四个概念，可以说，这四个关键词都属于抽象层⾯的形⽽上概念，本⾝就⾮常虚⽆缥缈，还要两两安排修饰关系，难度很⼤。
不过同学们可以采⽤递进式的选词策略处理这⼀难题：3. 在“恻隐”这⼀概念有明确对应词sympathy的基础上，我们将“恻隐”上⾯⼀层的“爱”朝着感性的⽅向翻译，反之，将“恻隐”下层的“情”和“理”逐级朝着理性的⽅向翻译：to love is to sympathize, and sympathy belongs to emotion whose ultimate essence is ren.4. 其次是处理“天地”这样的传统⽂化词汇，⼤家只要挑出字⾯意思，不要机械地翻译成sky and earth这样具体特指之物就好，⽽应选择nature, universe等更具抽象意味的概念参考翻译Zhu Xi, another Confucian philosopher in the Song dynasty, agrees with Cheng Hao and, further, claims that ren is the li (principle) of benevolence and the essence of mental betterment (literally, heart). Zhu Xi thinks to love is to sympathize and sympathy belongs to emotion whose ultimate essence is ren. Human being is different from other creatures because we hold the same li and qi (literally air and breath, meaning spirit and vigor in Chinese) with that of the universe.译⽂备注1. universe的其中⼀个义项就是“a person's life, including all of the people, places, and ideas which affect them”。
2019年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语⼀翻译真题及答案解析 在医学杂志上有很多⽆稽之谈，如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热。
⼩编为⼤家提供2019年考研英语⼀翻译真题及答案解析，⼀起看看吧！ 2019考研英语⼀翻译真题 It wasn’t until after my retirement that I had the time to read scientific papers in medical journals with anything like close attention. Until then, I had, like most doctors, read the authors’ conclusions and assumed that they bore some necessary relation to what had gone before. I had also naively assumed that the editors had done their job and checked the intellectual coherence and probity of the contents of their journals. It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad — inaccurate, misleading, sloppy, illogical — much of the medical literature, even in the best journals, frequently was. My discovery pleased and reassured me in a way: for it showed me that, even in advancing age, I was still capable of being surprised. I came to recognize various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled ‘The Natural Selection of Bad Science’, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. According to the authors, the problem is not merely that people do bad science, as they have always done, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. They quote ananonymous researcher who said pithily: ‘Poor methods get results.’ What is important is not truth, let alone importance, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. It is at least an objective measure. In addition to the pressure to publish, there is a preference in journals for positive rather than negative results. To prove that factor a has no effect whatever on outcome b may be important in the sense that it refutes a hypothesis, but it is not half so captivating as that factor a has some marginally positive statistical association with outcome b. It may be an elementary principle of statistics that association is not causation, but in practice everyone forgets it. The easiest way to generate positive associations is to do bad science, for example by trawling through a whole lot of data without a prior hypothesis. For example, if you took 100 dietary factors and tried to associate them with flat feet, you would find some of them that were associated with that condition, associations so strong that at first sight they would appear not to have arisen by chance. Once it has been shown that the consumption of, shall we say, red cabbage is associated with flat feet, one of two things can happen: someone will try to reproduce the result, or no one will, in which case it will enter scientific mythology. The penalties for having published results which are not reproducible, and prove before long to be misleading, usually do not cancel out the prestige of having published them in the first place: and therefore it is better, from the career point of view, to publish junk than to publish nothing at all. A long list of publications, all of them valueless, is always impressive. 48)Attempts have been made to (control this inflation命题⼈改编为curb this kind tendency),(for example by trying, when it comes to career advancement这部分被出题⼈删除), to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s published papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. 49) This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors. Boiling down an individual’s output to simple, objective metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. 50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science. In other words, what we need is more emphasis on personal contact and even nepotism in the way careers are advanced: but tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice… 46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 2019考研英语⼀翻译答案解析 【解析】 1. 本句主干为There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals(在医学杂志上有很多这样的⽆稽之谈) 2. which引导定语从句，修饰this kind of nonsense，which指代this kind of nonsense，在定语从句中做主语 (1) 则定语从句为“这些⽆稽之谈引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热” (2) when引导状语从句，可以理解为条件，从句省略this kind of nonsense is，则为“如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈” 【参考译⽂】 在医学杂志上有很多这样的⽆稽之谈，如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热。
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2019年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(九)
Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (47)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved
in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha： in Gujuruti, it seem s the word means “firmness in the truth.” (48)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is：“What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them
exterminated?”(50)I must say that I have never heard, from
any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have a roused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”
答案
46.其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它能够产生预期的政治效果。
47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。
48.早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地以前为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。
49.而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。
50.我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。
总体分析
本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。
文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。
接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。
本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句等。