牛津译林版英语必修二Unit3Grammarandusage教案
牛津译林版英语必修二Unit3Grammarandusage教案
牛津高中英语教学设计单元：Unit 3 Amazing people板块：Grammar and usageThoughts on the design:本节课是语法教学课。
以观察——发现——讨论——归纳——运用为主要教学模式，充分利用本单元语言素材，通过多种图示和语法规则的呈现，让学生比较全面系统地掌握过去完成时（Past perfect tense）的用法、一般过去时（Simple past tense）与过去完成时的用法区别及现在完成时（Present perfect tense）与过去完成时的用法区别。
语法规则的归纳与讲解所选用的语言材料和所涉及的练习与本单元话题（Amazing people）相联系。
力求让学生在语篇中灵活运用所掌握的语法规则，避免学生死抠语法，生搬硬套。
Teaching aims:After learning this lesson, the students will be able to understand sentences in which the past perfect tense is used. They are also expected to distinguish the past perfect tense from the simple past and the past perfect tense from the present perfect tense. At the same time, they will read some passages in which the simple past tense, the past perfect tense or the present perfect tense is used.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead in (PPT4-5)1.What’s the topic of Unit3? (Amazing people)2.How many amazing people have we read about in this unit? Who are they? (Mother Teresa, Bill Gates,Beethoven, Zhang Heng, Howard Carter.)3.Can you tell me something about Howard Carter? (Howard Cater is one of the most famous explorersthe world has ever known. He was brave and adventurous. …Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely.)4.What verb tenses are used in the sentence? (the simple past tense and the past perfect tense) [Explanation]教师充分利用教材中的语言素材，既引导学生温习已学的内容，又激起学生对已学内容中出现的语法现象（the past perfect）的关注。
【学无止境】高中英语(译林牛津版)必修二教案 Unit3 Grammar教案(共两课时)
模块二Unit3：Grammar教案（共两课时）Unit3 Grammar and usage Period One Present perfecttenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect tenseA We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.B We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.C We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yetWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.D We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.)We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isn’t here now.I have just heard the news.(Now I know the news.)E We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times…F Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning /afternoon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.Tom has rung up three times this morning.(Now it is still in the morning.)Tom rang up three times this morning.(Now it is not still in the morning.)Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.A We have studied (study) English for about five years.B They have lived (live) in the south since their daughter was born.C I have read (read) your article three times. It’s well written.D The student has finished (finish) her homework already.E Eric has gone (go) back to his hometown today.F The police have just finished (finish)searching the area.4 Compare the simple past tense and the present perfect tenseLook at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.A We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago .B They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.C Eric left home last year and has just come back.E Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.F They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.G my brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.Complete the following sentences :a ‘Have you seen my pen?’ ‘Yes, I saw it on your desk just now.’b ‘Have you had dinner?’ ‘Yes, I had it with Mary.’C Has the postman come yet/this morning?D Did the postman come this morning?E I have known him for a long time.F Hello! I didn’t know you were h ere in Nanjing. How long have you been here?Notes:1)The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.c.f.We h aven’t seen Justin for a week.(He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week.(It may mean that this week Justin is here.)He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.2) Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking.It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer.3)On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages.(But I see you now.)4) For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.Tom has had a bad car crash.(He’s probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But he’s probably out of hospital now.)The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But it’s probably working again now.)5 Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Answers:(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) h as found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been6 AssignmentPeriod Two Present perfect continuous tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect continuous tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect continuous tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect continuous tenseWe sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tenseto talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.A I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.B I’m so sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.4 Exercises on page 9Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching(5) have seen (6) have been writing5 Compare the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tenseLi Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.In the first sentence, it means the action read isn’t still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing.c.f. I’ve cleaned the house.I’ve been cleaning the house.Read Point 1 on page 10.Notes:1)I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.2)How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.3) I’ve never visited Paris.I’ve already been to Paris.always, never, yet, already and ever can’t be used in a continuous tense.4)I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.I’ve been wait ing for an hour.We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.5)Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tenseAn action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.How long have you learnt English? OrHow long have you been learning English?It has snowed for a long time.It has been snowing for a long time.6 A state verb or an action verbI have had this camera for five years.(state verb)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.A stat e verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.They’ve always had a big garden.How long have you known each other?He’s been in hospital since his accident.7 Exercises on page 11:Answers on page 11A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been makingSample answersB 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.8 Assignment。
2018-2019学年高中英语(译林牛津版)必修二教案 Unit3 Amazing people-grammar and usage
● Grammar and UsageHere we will learn to recognize situations where the past perfect tense is used and the time expressions used together with the tense. We will also see how the tense is formed. You will read two stories and complete them using the correct verb forms. Pay attention to the differences between the past perfect tense and the simple past tense.Step 1: Past perfect tensePast perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions.Form of Past Perfect[had] + [past participle]Examples:I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S.They had never met an American until they met John.The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before anotherpast action.happen beforeI had done my homework thismorning before I went to themuseum.used with time expressions suchas when, after, before, as soon as,until, by, for and alreadyCarter opened KingTutankhamun ’stomb Then a few months after Carter had openedthe tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a feverand died.Lord Carnarvon diedPast PresentNote : When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had never met).USE 1Completed Action Before Something in Past The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.Examples:I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992?Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988.USE 2Duration Before Something in the Past(Non-continuous Verbs)With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples:We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past PerfectUnlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first so the Past Perfect is optional. Both sentences below are correct.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVERIf the Past Perfect action did not happen at a specific time, Past Perfect MUST be used at all times. Compare the two sentences below.EXAMPLE:She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. CorrectShe never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not CorrectACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS of Past PerfectEXAMPLESGeorge had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVEMany cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVEStep 2: Practice1. Read Point 1 on page 48 to see which action happens first in the sentence given. Note that the past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. So these two tenses are often used together.Look at the diagram in Point 1 first, and then read the example sentence. Note how the past perfect tense is used with the simple past tense.2. Read the following two sentences to see how the predicate is changed when the sentence is turned from the direct speech into the indirect speech.Toby said, “I will/shall not be in London next week.”Toby said that he would not be in London the next week.Next let’s look at another two sentences:Toby said, “I went to Africa a month ago.”Toby said that he had gone to Africa a month before.So you see if a sentence which uses the simple past tense in the direct speech is changed into the indirect speech, it will use the past perfect tense. Now go over Point 2 on page 48.3. Go over Point 3 to see in what situation the past perfect tense can be used.4. Please talk about what time expressions can be used with the past perfect tense and how the tense is formed. Then we’ll go over Points 4 and 5 on page 48.Step 3:Present perfect or past perfect?We’ve learned both the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense, but do you know when to use the present perfect and when the past perfect.1. Please go over the guidelines and the example sentences on page 51 and identify the differences between the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense.Look at the examples:Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fal l ill and die strangely.Now from the following diagrams you can see the different times of each example sentence given.Howard Carter became famousFuturePresentPastThe tomb had People began to fallbeen opened. ill and die strangely.2. Please read the following two sentences and identify the differences between them:Toby said, “I have stayed in Africa for more than a month.”Toby said that he had stayed in Africa for more than a month.Note that when we change a sentence from the direct speech into the indirect speech like this, the tense will be changed from the present perfect tense to the past perfect tense.Step 4: Consolidation1. Go over the notes about Amelia Earhart on Page 49 to see who she was and what happened to her2.Look at the four pictures with sentences in the direct speech. Then complete the article using the4. To know more clearly about the differences between the simple past and the past perfect, do Part5. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the verbs.(1)I asked him to let me drive as he ___________ for hours. (drive)(2) Since you ________ the rules, you can correct these grammatical mistakes by yourselves. (learn)(3) They _______ because their schoolbags are still in their desk. (not leave)(4) Mr Bell,, who I ___________ to London, still lives in Liverpool. (think, move)(5) When the noise _______ down, the schoolmaster began his speech. (die)(6) It _________ cold this year, I wonder when it is going to get warmer. (be)(7) I _________ cakes. That’s why my hands are all covered with flour. (make)(8) When I got back, they _______ down most of the houses in the street. (pull)(9) It was not until I _________ your letter that I knew the truth. (read)(10)The lady has been to the shop several times, but she ___________ anything. (buy, never)I. Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examinations:1.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown2.The news came as no surprise to me. I _______ for some time that the factory was going to shutdown.A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know3.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _______ it.A. doesn’t mentionB. hadn’t mentionedC. didn’t mentionD. hasn’t mentioned4.I arrived late; I ______ the road to be so icy.A. wouldn’t expectB. haven’t expectedC. hadn’t expectedD. wasn’t expecting5.My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ______ half of it.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed6.The crazy fans _______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait7.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ______ her somewhere.A. sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen8.---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?---No. I _______. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn’t been invitedD. didn’t invite9. I ______ Bill this morning, but I ______ him since.A. have seen; haven’t seenB. saw; haven’t seenB. saw; didn’t see D. had seen; haven’t seen10. ---Dad, do you know I had long been looking forward to your staying with me for the lastweekend?---Sorry, son. I ______, but I was just too busy.A. had really wanted toB. have planned toC. have intended toD. had hoped me to11. He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned12. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain.A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hiddenC．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid13. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She before.A. hasn't flownB. didn't flyC. hadn't flownD. wasn't flying14. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I_______ to a dozen other groups.A. was givingB. am givingC. had givenD. have given15. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding.A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had plannedII. Filling the blanks with proper tense.（Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect）1. When I (arrive) ______home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) ______a beautiful candle-lit dinner.2. Since I began acting, I (perform) ______in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) _______publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) ______without me. My boss (be)_____furious with me and I (be) ______fired.4. When I (turn) _____the radio on yesterday, I (hear) ______a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) ______the song in years, and it (bring) _____back some great memories.5. When Jack (enter) ______the room, I (recognize, not) ______him because he (lose) ______so much weight He looked totally different!6. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually) _____by the time Europeans first (arrive) ______in the New World.7. I (visit) ______so many beautiful places since I (come) ______to Utah. Before moving here, I。
高中英语 Unit 2 Lesson3 Grammar and usage教案 牛津译林版必修第一册
Unit 2 Let’s talk teensGrammar and usageI. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. know the characteristics of a simple sentence, a compound sentence and a complex sentence;2. make a distinction between simple sentences and compound/complex sentences;3. ease parent-child tensions and improve their relationship with parents.II. Key competence focus1. Learn about the characteristics of a simple sentence, a compound sentence anda complex sentence.2. Grasp the ways to ease parent-child tensions.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. How to distinguish between simple sentences and compound/complex sentences correctly.2. How to improve parent-child relationship efficiently.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-in1.Appreciation of two sentences about “family”·Family is the kingdom of father, the world of mother and the paradise of children. ·Family should be the palace of love, joy and laughter.2.Raising questionsT: What is a happy family like? In a happy family, parents and the child love each other. In other words, the parent-child relationship is good and harmonious.T: What’s your relationship between you and your parents?T: What causes the tension between you and your parents?T: You experience physical and mental changes as you become a teenager. These physical changes may result in such family tensions. What’s more, it can be a headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult. In general, the physical changes and the developing mental needs will cause family tensions.T: What’s the consequence once you and your parents’ relationship become tense? T: Yes. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.T: What’s your suggestions on helping the teenagers solve their problem?T: With the development of science and technology, webs designed for the teenagers to improve their well-being have sprung up. Not only can they seek practical advice for themselves but also they can help others in these webs. Besides visiting these webs, the teenagers can talk to their friends to get some advice. Last but not least, communication with parents is of great importance to parent-child relationship. 【设计意图：欣赏“家”的美句，引导学生探讨家庭亲子关系，挖掘亲子关系紧张的原因，并鼓励学生分享改善亲子关系的方法。
高中英语牛津译林版 必修第二册 Unit 3 Grammar and usage 课件
1. ----Lily is in hospital. ---- Really? I didn’t know. I ___B______ go and visit
her.
A. am to B. shall C. am going to D. am about to
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或成为的状态。 即“立足过去,着眼未来”, 常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句 和间接引语中。
Future in the past 过去将来时
1. shall/will do 2. be going to do 3. be to do 4. be about to do 5. be doing
Future in the past 过去将来时
• We use future in the past to describe an action _i_n__th_e__fu_t_u_r_e__ (in the future/in the past) from the perspective of some point ___in__th_e__p_a_s_t__ (in the future/in the past).
一般将来时
4. is /am /are doing 基本用法：1）表示正计划要做的事情；2)非
延续性动作表示即将要发生的事情 1. I ’m having porridge for supper. 2. -- Supper is ready, baby!
-- OK, I ’m coming.
5) __b_e__a_b_o_u__t_t_o_d__o__: “马上要做某事/正要做某
译林版高中英语必修二Uint3 Grammar and usage (I) 教案(雅礼版)
Used to refer to arranged actions that are going to happen in the immediate future, often used with “just”.
Practice
1. Li Ming said he _____________ (be) happy if Brian __________ (come) to China next month.
2. Indicate a past intention
e.g. (1) I was going to leave, but then it rained.
(2) I was meeting him in town the next day. (indicate a past arrangement)
3.write an ending for the story using future in the past.
教学重难点：
1. understand the usage of future in the past;
2. write an ending for the story using future in the past.
(3)后来真实发生的事情。如:
That journey was to change Toby’s life.
过去将来时的构成有以下几种形式：
(1) would do
They said they would meet us at 9:30 at the airport.
(2) was/were going to do
Suggested answers:
高中英语：unit3 amazing people-grammar and usage学案(牛津译林版必修2)
Unit3 Grammar and usage Period One Present perfect tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect tenseA We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.B We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.C We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yetWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.D We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.)We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isn’t here now.I have just heard the news.(Now I know the news.)E We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times…F Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning /afternoon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.Tom has rung up three times this morning.(Now it is still in the morning.) Tom rang up three times this morning.(Now it is not still in the morning.)Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.A We have studied (study) English for about five years.B They have lived (live) in the south since their daughter was born.C I have read (read) your article three times. It’s well written.D The student has finished (finish) her homework already.E Eric has gone (go) back to his hometown today.F The police have just finished (finish)searching the area.4 Compare the simple past tense and the present perfect tenseLook at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.A We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago .B They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.C Eric left home last year and has just come back.E Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.F They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.G my brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.Complete the following sentences :a ‘Have you seen my pen?’ ‘Yes, I saw it on your desk just now.’b ‘Have you had dinner?’ ‘Yes, I had it with Mary.’C Has the postman come yet/this morning?D Did the postman come this morning?E I have known him for a long time.F Hello! I didn’t know you were here in Nanjing. How long have you been here?Notes:1)The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.c.f.We haven’t seen Justin for a week.(He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week.(It may mean that this week Justin is here.) He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.2) Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking.It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer.3)On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages.(But I see you now.)4) For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.Tom has had a bad car crash.(He’s probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But he’s probably out of hospital now.)The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But it’s probably working again now.)5 Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Answers:(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been6 AssignmentPeriod Two Present perfect continuous tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect continuous tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect continuous tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect continuous tenseWe sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tenseto talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.A I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.B I’m so sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.4 Exercises on page 9Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing5 Compare the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tenseLi Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.In the first sentence, it means the action read isn’t still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing.c.f. I’ve cleaned the house.I’ve been cleaning the house.Read Point 1 on page 10.Notes:1)I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.2)How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with howmany/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.3) I’ve never visited Paris.I’ve already been to Paris.always, never, yet, already and ever can’t be used in a continuous tense.4)I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.I’ve been waiting for an hour.We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.5)Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tenseAn action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc. How long have you learnt English? OrHow long have you been learning English?It has snowed for a long time.It has been snowing for a long time.6 A state verb or an action verbI have had this camera for five years.(state verb)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.They’ve always had a big garden.How long have you known each other?He’s been in hospital since his accident.7 Exercises on page 11:Answers on page 11A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7)read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been makingSample answersB 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.8 AssignmentGrammar and usage一、单项选择 (共20分，每小题1分)1. She said that she ________ much progress since she came here.A. makesB. madeC. have made D had made2. I _________ there for five years when the new leader came.A. had workedB. workedC. was workingD. haveworked3. Oh, you have bought a new bicycle. Where _________ it?A. had you boughtB. have you boughtC. did you buyD. to buy it4. --- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.--- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too bu sy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend5. --- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.--- Really? Where ______?A. has she beenB. had she beenC. has she goneD. had she gone6. --- Where do you think ______ he ______ the computer?--- Sorry. I have no idea.A. has; boughtB. 不填; boughtC. did; buyD. 不填; buys7. --- ______ Betty this morning?--- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seenB. Will you seeC. Do you seeD. Did you see8. --- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book. --- So have I.A. is readingB. readsC. readingD. has read9. The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in theoffice.A. had written; leftB. were writing; has leftC. had written; had leftD. were writing; had left10. His brother is an actor. He _________ in several film so far.A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing11. She ________ more than 4,000English words when she entered the university at the age of 18.A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned12. ---Hurry up! Alice and Kate are waiting for you at the school gate. ---Oh! I thought they _________ without me.A. wentB. had goneC. have goneD. are going.13. When his grandmother _______ to walk back to his house, the sun _______itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. has started; was hidingD. was starting; hid14. ---Who is Jerry Cooper?--- ______ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet15. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home．A. has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. had left; would come16. ---Oh, it’s you! I ______ you.---I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.A. didn’t recognizeB. hadn’t recognizedC. haven’t recognizedD. don’t recognize17. ---How long ______ each other before they ______ married?---For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; are going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got18. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he ______.A. had long been expectedB. had long expectedC. has long expectedD. was long expected19. When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ allexcept a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgotten20. By the time he was twelve, Edison__________ to make a living by himself.A. would beginB. has begunC. had begunD. was begun二、句型转换（共10分，每小题1分）1. We started dinner at seven. The phone rang a few minutes later. (just) When the phone rang, ____________________________.2. The bank closed at three o’clock. Janet got there at three-thirty. (already)By the time Janet got there, _______________________________.3. I went to bed at seven o’clock last night. Right after that you called me.(just)When you called me last night, _______________________________.4. Janet didn’t finish the report. She went home at five o’clock. (still) When Janet went home at five o’clock, __________________________.5. We left for the beach at ten. It started to rain at once. (not yet) When we left for the beach, _____________________________________.6. We waited twenty minutes. The waiter finally brought our food. (already) By the time the waiter finally brought the food, ________________________.7. Roger returned from lunch at two o’clock. Martin got back at two-fifteen. (already)When Martin got back from lunch, ___________________________________. 8. He went to play football with his classmates. He finished his homework. (after)_________________________________, he went to play football with his classmates.9. “I have emptied the box.” The boy said. (that)The boy said ______________________________________________.10. His father took driving lessons. He bought his first car. (before) _________________________________ he bought his first car.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空（共15分，每个动词1分）1. By the time he came, I ___________ (complete) the work.2. I felt much better after I _________ (take) the medicine.3. Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ (leave) him by then.4. The little girl _________ (cry) her heart out because she _________ (lose)her toy bear and believed that she wasn’t going to find it.5. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847~1931) _______ (be) theworld leading inventor for sixty years.6. ---I hear Jane _________ (go) to the Holy Island for her holiday.---Oh, how nice! Do you know when she __________ (leave).7. The students ________ (do) their exercises busily when Miss Smith wentto get a book she ________(leave) in the office.8. I wonder why Jenny ________ (not write) to us recently. We should haveheard from her by now.9. I thought he would say something about his school report, but he _________(not mention) it.10. Although she has lived with us for three years, she _________ (not leave)us much impression.11. ---Tom came back home the day before yesterday.---Really? Where _______he ________ (be) at all?12. ---What were you doing when the thief broke in?---I ___________ (turn) off the TV and was going to bed.四、改正下列句中的错误 (共10分，每小题1分)1. I had known him since I was a student.2. By six o’clock, I finished my experiment.3. I have worked here for ten years ago.4. ---Where are the boy students?---They have been to the school factory.5. He asked me if I have been to Hangzhou before.6. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I have never been to that city before.7. He has joined the Army by the end of 1989. He has been in the army since then.8. Before the news reached him, he has got to know about it.9. He got angry because he has waited for a long time.10. Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago.His children left him by then.五、根据短文内容，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空(共10分，每小题1 分)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she 1 (leave) Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her height-meter failed and she didn’t know how high she 2(fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without a height-meter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before daylight, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames 3 (come) from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except 4 (keep) going and hope.In the end, Amelia Earhart did 5 (reach) Ireland and for the courage she 6 (show), she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. Amelia Earhart was the first woman 7 (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone. When she8 (return) to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover ata special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous. In the years that 9 (follow), Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States 10 (show) the women had a place in aviation and that our travel is useful.六、完成下列句子翻译 (共15分，每小题1.5分)1. 她来我们医院之前，就当了护士。
牛津译林版必修二U1L3 Grammar and usage 教案
《英语》（必修·第二册）Unit 1 Lights, camera, action!Grammar and usage湖南省株洲市第二中学伍荣玲I. Teaching objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. grasp the basic rules of 3 types of subject-verb agreement, namely, grammatical concord, notional concord and principle of proximity;2. perceive the rules in context and use them correctly and properly in new situations.II. Key competence focusGain the competence to study grammatical items by perceiving, exploring and summarizing the rules in context.III. Predicted area of difficultyGrasp the rules of subject-verb agreement.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT asks Ss the following questions about The Jungle Book after they watched it the previous day. Ss are required to answer them in full sentences.•Who is the main character of the film?A boy named Mowgli is the main character of the film.•How long does the film last?The film lasts nearly two hours.•Can you give a brief introduction to it?Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title, the film describes the story of Mowgli. Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day Shere Khan the tiger returns.•Which version do you prefer, the 2-D version or the 3-D version? Why?【设计意图：本堂课用迪士尼经典电影The Jungle Book导入，这样不仅能激发学生的学习兴趣，而且通过回答与这部动画片相关的问题，让学生初步感知主谓一致的语法现象，这样就为第二步的规则探索以及后面的规则应用做好情感和背景知识上的铺垫。
译林版高中英语选必二Unit3 Grammar and usage 教案
《英语》（选择性必修·第二册）Unit 3 Fit for lifeGrammar and usageI. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. learn about the definition and verb form of the present perfect continuous tense;2. summarize the general rules of present perfect continuous tense;3. apply the rules in new situations appropriately.II. Key competence focusDevelop the thinking ability by analyzing and summarizing the general rules of present perfect continuous tense.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use present perfect continuous tense freely and properly in their writing and speaking.2. Explore the rules of present perfect continuous tense.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Warming upT asks Ss to read part A on page 34 and answer the following questions.(1) How did the girl feel at the beginning when she was equipped with an artificial hand? Suggested answer: She felt it did not feel like part of her.(2) What has the girl been doing since she got her new hand?Suggested answer: She has been cooking for her family again.(3) What does the girl feel about the robotic hand in the end?Suggested answer: She is so grateful for all the new possibilities her robotic hand has opened up. 【设计意图: 老师首先通过分享一位佩戴机械手的残疾女孩的自述，设置回答问题的练习，让学生在具体的情境中提前感知本节课的语法知识，很自然地引入本堂课的语法内容，同时引入了话题，也为本堂课的终极任务做好了铺垫。
Unit 3 Grammar and usage学案-牛津版高中英语选择性必修第二册
1). What was the change in the girl's personality after the car accident? Why?
(1)A private detective has been (ailing him for several weeks.
(2)John loves outdoor activities- he skis in winter and has been fishing since he was a child.
(the past/the present/the future) in some way.
The verb form of the present perfect continuous tense is (2).
装订线
5.The usage of the present perfect continuous tense
(2)She has been persuading me out of the plan.
(3)You have been giving me everything
d.Adverbial of time: all the time, this week, all night, these few days, for..., since...
-No, I have just arrived.
7.- Anna, you look so tired!
-You know, all morning I(move) my things (o my new office on the fifth floor.
牛津译林版高中英语必修2Unit 3Amazing Peoplegrammar and usage教案1
● Grammar and UsageHere we will learn to recognize situations where the past perfect tense is used and the time expressions used together with the tense. We will also see how the tense is formed. You will read two stories and complete them using the correct verb forms. Pay attention to the differences between the past perfect tense and the simple past tense.Step 1: Past perfect tensePast perfect tense is used to indicate that one action occurred before another action in the past. In other words, past perfect tense indicates the first of the two actions.Form of Past Perfect[had] + [past participle]Examples:I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S.They had never met an American until they met John.Note: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (had never met).USE 1Completed Action Before Something in PastThe Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.Examples:I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992?Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988.USE 2Duration Before Something in the Past(Non-continuous Verbs)With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples:We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past PerfectUnlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first so the Past Perfect is optional. Both sentences below are correct.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVERIf the Past Perfect action did not happen at a specific time, Past Perfect MUST be used at all times. Compare the two sentences below.EXAMPLE:She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. CorrectShe never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not CorrectACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS of Past PerfectEXAMPLESGeorge had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVEMany cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVEStep 2: Practice1. Read Point 1 on page 48 to see which action happens first in the sentence given. Note that the past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. So these two tenses are often used together.Look at the diagram in Point 1 first, and then read the example sentence. Note how the past perfect tense is used with the simple past tense.2. Read the following two sentences to see how the predicate is changed when the sentence is turned from the direct speech into the indirect speech.Toby said, “I will/shall not be in London next week.”Toby said that he would not be in London the next week.Next let’s look at another two sentences:Toby said, “I went to Africa a month ago.”Toby said that he had gone to Africa a month before.So you see if a sentence which uses the simple past tense in the direct speech is changed into the indirect speech, it will use the past perfect tense. Now go over Point 2 on page 48.3. Go over Point 3 to see in what situation the past perfect tense can be used.4. Please talk about what time expressions can be used with the past perfect tense and how the tense is formed. Then we’ll go over Points 4 and 5 on page 48.Step 3:Present perfect or past perfect?We’ve learned both the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense, but do you know when to use the present perfect and when the past perfect.1. Please go over the guidelines and the example sentences on page 51 and identify the differences between the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense.Look at the examples:Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fal l ill and die strangely.Now from the following diagrams you can see the different times of each example sentence given.Howard Carter became famousFuturePresentPastThe tomb had People began to fallbeen opened. ill and die strangely.2. Please read the following two sentences and identify the differences between them:Toby said, “I have stayed in Africa for more than a month.”Toby said that he had stayed in Africa for more than a month.Note that when we change a sentence from the direct speech into the indirect speech like this, the tense will be changed from the present perfect tense to the past perfect tense.Step 4: Consolidation1. Go over the notes about Amelia Earhart on Page 49 to see who she was and what happened to her1.Please read Part B on page 50 and complete the passage using the simple past tense or the past(1)I asked him to let me drive as he ___________ for hours. (drive)(2) Since you ________ the rules, you can correct these grammatical mistakes by yourselves. (learn)(3) They _______ because their schoolbags are still in their desk. (not leave)(4) Mr Bell,, who I ___________ to London, still lives in Liverpool. (think, move)(5) When the noise _______ down, the schoolmaster began his speech. (die)(6) It _________ cold this year, I wonder when it is going to get warmer. (be)(7) I _________ cakes. That’s why my hands are all covered with flour. (make)(8) When I got back, they _______ down most of the houses in the street. (pull)(9) It was not until I _________ your letter that I knew the truth. (read)(10)The lady has been to the shop several times, but she ___________ anything. (buy, never)Step 5: Grammar execisesI. Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examinations:1.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.(2003全国)A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown2.The news came as no surprise to me. I _______ for some time that the factory was going to shutdown.（2003北京）A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know3.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _______ it.（2003上海）A. doesn’t mentionB. hadn’t mentionedC. didn’t mentionD. hasn’t mentioned4.I arrived late; I ______ the road to be so icy. （2004北京春招）A. wouldn’t expectB. haven’t expectedC. hadn’t expectedD. wasn’t expecting5.My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ______ half of it.（2004全国，30）A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed6.The crazy fans _______ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.（2004重庆，22）A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait7.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ______ her somewhere.（2004 湖北，22）A. sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen8.---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?---No. I _______. Did they have a big wedding? （2004湖北，33）A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn’t been invitedD. didn’t invite9. I ______ Bill this morning, but I ______ him since.A. have seen; haven’t seenB. saw; haven’t seenB. saw; didn’t see D. had seen; haven’t seen10. ---Dad, do you know I had long been looking forward to your staying with me for the lastweekend?---Sorry, son. I ______, but I was just too busy.A. had really wanted toB. have planned toC. have intended toD. had hoped me to11. He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of15.(2005北京卷)A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned12. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain.(2005湖北卷)A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hiddenC．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid13. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She before. (2006广东)A. hasn't flownB. didn't flyC. hadn't flownD. wasn't flying14. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I_______ to a dozen other groups. (2006湖南)A. was givingB. am givingC. had givenD. have given15. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. (2006全国II)A. will planB. has plannedC. would planD. had plannedII. Filling the blanks with proper tense.（Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect）1. When I (arrive) ______home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) ______a beautiful candle-lit dinner.2. Since I began acting, I (perform) ______in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) _______publicly before I came to Hollywood in 1985.3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) ______without me. My boss (be)_____furious with me and I (be) ______fired.4. When I (turn) _____the radio on yesterday, I (hear) ______a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) ______the song in years, and it (bring) _____back some great memories.5. When Jack (enter) ______the room, I (recognize, not) ______him because he (lose) ______so much weight He looked totally different!6. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually) _____by the time Europeans first (arrive) ______in the New World.7. I (visit) ______so many beautiful places since I (come) ______to Utah. Before moving here, I。
牛津译林版高中英语Module 2 Unit 3 Grammar and usage教学课件
Usages of past perfect tense
1. We use the simple past tense to talk about a past action. When we want to talk about something that happened at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tense.
I finished my homework this morning. I went to the museum.
I ________ had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
4. We often used the past perfect tense with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already.
Explorer Robert Ballard ⑻ _____________ had searched (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it. ‘When new technology was used developed, we ⑼________(use) it to send cameras down into the sea. Finally, we found the ship .’ With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which had caused (10)______________(cause) it to fill with water and sink.
英语必修2译林牛津版U3精品教案7(语法).docx
英语必修2译林牛津版U3精品教案7 (语法)Period Seven Grammar and usage (I)I• Teaching Aim:Learn the past perfect tenseII• Teaching Important Point:Enable the students how to use the past perfect tense・IIL Teaching Difficult Point:How to use the past perfect tense correctly.IV. Teaching Methods:1 ・ Inductive methodparative methodV・ Teaching Aids:1.A multimedia2.A blackboardVI. Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Revision Guessing gameDo you know any job words? Use your body language to show your job and ask your partner to guess. Step 2 Lead-inFinish the sentences using the proper tenses・1.Macao returned to China in 1999.2.Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back to China.Step 3 Presenting Past Perfect tensel.The simple past tense talks about a past action. When something happens at an even earlier timein the past, we use the past perfect tense:1). I had cleaned the house before I built a garden on Friday・2). When we got to the station, the train had left.3). By the end of last year, my brother had been a soldier for 10 years・4). Before Tony went to work, he had finished reading the novel.5). Not until 10 years later did she know the diamond she had borrowed was just made of glass・2・ The past perfect tense used in indirect speech1). “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained/^ said Carte匚 fCarter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained・2). Kate said, "I finished reading the comic book；—Kate said that she had finished reading the comic book・3). Jimmy said, “1 went to Asia two weeks ago：—Jimmy said that he had gone to Asia two weeks before.4). "Did you stay up late last night?" Mr. Ben asked, fM匚Ben asked whether I had stayed up late the night before・3.Time expressions often used with the past perfect tense.e.g. when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already4.The structure of the past perfect tensehad done / had been done1). I ___ already _______ Chinese for nearly 3 years before I came to this small town, (teach)2). I __________ t o come, but something happened. (mean)3). Mess _____________ of the house before his parents came back, (make)4). Little Tom ____________ to the hospital after Mum retumed from work, (send)Answers: 1・had; taught 2.had meant 3.had been made 4.had been sent一.过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成had +动词的过去分词(V-ed)2.过去完成吋的用法A.动作在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或完成。
牛津译林模块二 Unit3 Grammar课程教学设计
教学设计教师 & 工作单位 刘雪园， 连云港外国语学校教学对象 江苏省赣榆高级中学高一年级学生。
教学内容教学内容 牛津高中英语模块二第三单元 过去完成时语法训练教学一月二月三月四月亚洲区48.576.1112.799.2欧洲区56.871.467.386.3北美区91.289.888.676.7目标知识目标(1)掌握过去完成时态基本用法(2)掌握过去完成时能与哪些时间表达连用 (3)掌握过去完成时和现在完成时的区别(4)掌握句型 It is the first/second/...time that sb has/have done. It was the first/second/...time that sb had done.能力目标(1) 从听说读写几个方面培养学生综合运用英语的能力(2) 通过让学生同伴互助、小组讨论等活动，培养学生探究性、研究性学习能力。
情感目标在英语课堂教学过程中进行德育，通过学习马云传奇以及马云答记者问，让学生懂得每个人都应该有梦想，并要减持不懈的努力实现梦想。
教学重点 过去完成时的基本用法 教学难点 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 教学方法 1. 任务型教学 2. 情景教学教具 多媒体器材，海报，信封，任务卡等教学过程Students ’ ActivitiesPurposeSt ep 1 Lead in (3 min)Arouse students' interest and lead in the topic for this lesson.Step 2. Pre-read ing (8 min)1. Get Ss to know something about Jackie Chan.2. Serve as a warm-up for thefollowing tasks.3. Make Ss familiar withquestion-and answer format.Step 3 While-re ading (22 min) Greeting. Talk about idols and successful people. 1. Enable students tounderstand the given material better by using different reading skills. 2. Proper competition canarouse the Ss ’ interest inEnglish learning.3. “Task-based ” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss ’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trained.Step 4Post-reading(12 min)Task1. A small quiz (individual work,3 min) Check the true sentences: 1. People see Chan as a action hero. 2. When he was at Peking Opera School, Chan did not have to work hard. 3.Chan was eight when he began acting. 4.A stunt in Dragon Lord took two seconds. 5.Chan was badly injured over twenty years ago.Task2. Brainstorm (pair work, 5 min) Jackie Chan is coming. Suppose you are ajournalist, what questions will you ask him?1. Consolidate the contents for this lesson.2. Practise Ss' ability of putting together andanalyzing usefulinformation.HomeworkWhat do you think is the most important quality tobe successful?Write down your opinion in the form of an essay. (120 words)Check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.。
高中英语 M3U3 GRAMMAR AND USAGE 1 学案 牛津译林版必修2 学案
2011高一英语学案：M3U3 GRAMMAR AND USAGE 1 （牛津译林版必修2）单元：Unit 3 Back to the past板块：Grammar and usage 1课时：Period OneTeaching aims:1.Help students to grasp the rules of subject-verb agreement and the object complement... ;e the compound sentences introduced by neither … nor …, either… or …, not only… butalso … ;3.D evelop the students’ ability of using the grammar rules to make correct sentences. Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead inStep 2 Learn and understandMake sure students know the definition and basic grammatical rules of object complement.Step 3 PracticeGive more examples and follow the steps on page 48.Summary1. 下列动词常跟上名词或名词短语作宾补: name, call, choose, elect, make, …e.g. We elected John chairman of our club after the former one retired.When we were working on the farm, we all called Iron Ox.2. 下列动词常跟上形容词作宾补:make, get, keep, find, consider, …e.g. Though he did not mean to hurt her, yet his joke did make her angry.After many years of hard work, he found it impossible to carry on withhis experiments. 3. 下列动词常跟上不定式作宾补:ask, tell, beg, invite, order, advise, warn, want, get, wish, expect, persuade, allow, permit, forbid, help, …e.g. She asked me to answer the question at once.The teacher did not allow us to talk to each other in class.4. 下列动词常跟上不带to的不定式作宾补:have, make, let, help, see, hear, watch, notice, find, observe, look at, listen to, …e.g. In that factory, the boss always has his workers work more than fifteen hours a day.The most exciting thing for the old man was to watch his grandchildren play in the garden.5. 下列动词常跟上现在分词作宾补:have, keep, get, feel, see, hear, watch, find, notice, observe, …e.g. As we got to the top of the mountain, we saw the sun rising in the east.Some villagers reported that they saw the missing boy playing near the river toward evening.6. 下列动词常跟上过去分词作宾补:have, make, get, see, feel, hear, watch, find, …e.g. When you speak English you should try your best to make yourself understood.I was surprised to find my room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. ★★★下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。
unit3《amazingpeople-grammarandusage》学案(牛津译林版必修2)
Unit3 Grammar and usage Period One Present perfecttenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect tenseA We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.B We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.C We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yetWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.D We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.)We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isn’t here now.I have just heard the news.(Now I know the news.)E We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect te nse with the time expressions once/twice/three times…F Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning /afternoon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.Tom has rung up three times this morning.(Now it is still in the morning.)Tom rang up three times this morning.(Now it is not still in the morning.)Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.A We have studied (study) English for about five years.B They have lived (live) in the south since their daughter was born.C I have read (read) your article three times. It’s well written.D The student has finished (finish) her homework already.E Eric has gone (go) back to his hometown today.F The police have just finished (finish)searching the area.4 Compare the simple past tense and the present perfect tenseLook at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.A We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago .B They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.C Eric left home last year and has just come back.E Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.F They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.G my brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.Complete the following sentences :a ‘Have you seen my pen?’ ‘Yes, I saw it on your desk just now.’b ‘Have you had dinner?’ ‘Yes, I had it with Mary.’C Has the postman come yet/this morning?D Did the postman come this morning?E I have known him for a long time.F Hello! I didn’t know you were here in Nanjing. How long have you been here?Notes:1)The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incompleteperiod, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.c.f.We haven’t seen Justin for a week.(He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week.(It may mean that this week Justin is here.)He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.2) Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking.It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer.3)On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages.(But I see you now.)4) For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.Tom has had a bad car crash.(He’s probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But he’s probably out of hospital now.)The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But it’s probably working aga in now.)5 Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Answers:(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been6 AssignmentPeriod Two Present perfect continuous tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect continuous tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect continuous tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect continuous tenseWe sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tenseto talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.A I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.B I’m so sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.4 Exercises on page 9Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching(5) have seen (6) have been writing5 Compare the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tenseLi Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.In the first sentence, it means the action read isn’t still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing.c.f. I’ve cleaned the house.I’ve been cleaning the house.Read Point 1 on page 10.Notes:1)I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.The present perfect continuous tense ca n’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.2)How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.3) I’ve never visited Paris.I’ve already been to Paris.always, never, yet, already and ever can’t be used in a continuous tense.4)I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.I’ve been waiting for an hour.We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.5)Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tenseAn action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.How long have you learnt English? OrHow long have you been learning English?It has snowed for a long time.It has been snowing for a long time.6 A state verb or an action verbI have had this camera for five years.(state verb)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.They’ve always had a big garden.How long have you known each other?He’s been in hospital since his accident.7 Exercises on page 11:Answers on page 11A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been makingSample answersB 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.8 AssignmentGrammar and usage一、单项选择(共20分，每小题1分)1. She said that she ________ much progress since she came here.A. makesB. madeC. have made D had made2. I _________ there for five years when the new leader came.A. had workedB. workedC. was workingD. have worked3. Oh, you have bought a new bicycle. Where _________ it?A. had you boughtB. have you boughtC. did you buyD. to buy it4. --- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.--- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend5. --- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.--- Really? Where ______?A. has she beenB. had she beenC. has she goneD. had she gone6. --- Where do you think ______ he ______ the computer?--- Sorry. I have no idea.A. has; boughtB. 不填; boughtC. did; buyD. 不填; buys7. --- ______ Betty this morning?--- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seenB. Will you seeC. Do you seeD. Did you see8. --- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book.--- So have I.A. is readingB. readsC. readingD. has read9. The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written; leftB. were writing; has leftC. had written; had leftD. were writing; had left10. His brother is an actor. He _________ in several film so far.A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing11. She ________ more than 4,000English words when she entered the university at the age of 18.A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned12. ---Hurry up! Alice and Kate are waiting for you at the school gate.---Oh! I thought they _________ without me.A. wentB. had goneC. have goneD. are going.13. When his grandmother _______ to walk back to his house, the sun _______ itself behind themountain.A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. has started; was hidingD. was starting; hid14. ---Who is Jerry Cooper?--- ______ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet15. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home．A. has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. had left; would come16. ---Oh, it’s you! I ______ you.---I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.A. didn’t recognizeB. hadn’t recognizedC. haven’t recognizedD. don’t recognize17. ---How long ______ each other before they ______ married?---For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; are going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got18. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he ______.A. had long been expectedB. had long expectedC. has long expectedD. was long expected19. When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except a few wordsof each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgotten20. By the time he was twelve, Edison__________ to make a living by himself.A. would beginB. has begunC. had begunD. was begun二、句型转换（共10分，每小题1分）1. We started dinner at seven. The phone rang a few minutes later. (just)When the phone rang, ____________________________.2. The bank closed at three o’clock. Janet got there at three-thirty. (already)By the time Janet got there, _______________________________.3. I went to bed at seven o’clock last night. Right afte r that you called me.(just)When you called me last night, _______________________________.4. Janet didn’t finish the report. She went home at five o’clock. (still)When Janet went home at five o’clock, __________________________.5. We left for the beach at ten. It started to rain at once. (not yet)When we left for the beach, _____________________________________.6. We waited twenty minutes. The waiter finally brought our food. (already)By the time the waiter finally brought the food, ________________________.7. Roger returned from lunch at two o’clock. Martin got back at two-fifteen. (already)When Martin got back from lunch, ___________________________________.8. He went to play football with his classmates. He finished his homework. (after)_________________________________, he went to play football with his classmates.9. “I have emptied the box.” The boy said. (that)The boy said ______________________________________________.10. His father took driving lessons. He bought his first car. (before)_________________________________ he bought his first car.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空（共15分，每个动词1分）1. By the time he came, I ___________ (complete) the work.2. I felt much better after I _________ (take) the medicine.3. Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children ______4. The little girl _________ (cry) her heart out because she _________ (lose) her toy bear andbelieved that she wasn’t going to find it.5. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847~1931) _______ (be) the world leading inventorfor sixty years.6. ---I hear Jane _________ (go) to the Holy Island for her holiday.---Oh, how nice! Do you know when she __________ (leave).7. The students ________ (do) their exercises busily when Miss Smith went to get a book she________(leave) in the office.8. I wonder why Jenny ________ (not write) to us recently. We should have heard from her bynow.9. I thought he would say something about his school report, but he _________ (not mention) it.10. Although she has lived with us for three years, she _________ (not leave) us much impression.11. ---Tom came back home the day before yesterday.---Really? Where _______he ________ (be) at all?12. ---What were you doing when the thief broke in?---I ___________ (turn) off the TV and was going to bed.四、改正下列句中的错误(共10分，每小题1分)1. I had known him since I was a student.2. By six o’clock, I finished my experiment.3. I have worked here for ten years ago.4. ---Where are the boy students?---They have been to the school factory.5. He asked me if I have been to Hangzhou before.6. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I have never been to that city before.7. He has joined the Army by the end of 1989. He has been in the army since then.8. Before the news reached him, he has got to know about it.9. He got angry because he has waited for a long time.10. Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children left him bythen.五、根据短文内容，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空(共10分，每小题1 分)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she 1 (leave) Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her height-meter failed and she didn’t know how high she 2 (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without a height-meter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before daylight, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames 3 (come) from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except 4 (keep) going and hope.In the end, Amelia Earhart did 5 (reach) Ireland and for the courage she 6 (show), she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. Amelia Earhart was the first woman 7 (fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone. When she 8 (return) to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous. In the years that 9 (follow), Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States 10 (show) the women had a place in aviation and that our travel is useful.六、完成下列句子翻译(共15分，每小题1.5分)1. 她来我们医院之前，就当了护士。
Unit 3 Grammar and usage示范教学设计【译林版英语高中必修第二册(新课标)】
《英语》（必修·第二册）Unit 3 Festivals and customsGrammar and usage 教教教教I. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. master when to use future in the past;2. know how to form future in the past;3. apply the rules in new situations;4. understand more about gift-giving.II. Key competence focus1. Master the basic rules of future in the past.2. Comprehend some stories about gift-giving.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use future in the past correctly.2. Create a passage based on given topics and sentence structures.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Dictation1. T shares some personal experience about gift-giving and asks Ss to write down what is being said. T repeats the text three times.T: I’m very happy today because my husband called me last night. He said the next day would be my birthday and that he would come back to see me. He told me the train to Zhuzhou was leaving at 8 a.m. and that he would arrive at 4 p.m. He also said he was going to give me a surprise. I guessed it would be a gift.2. T asks Ss to analyse the sentences above and pay special attention to the verb tense.T: In this paragraph, the tense forms would do and was going to do are used to express the idea that in the past he or I thought something would happen in the future, and we call this kind of tense future in the past.【设计意图：简短语篇分享个人经历，并让学生听写，通过该语篇导入目标语法——过去将来时。
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牛津高中英语教学设计单元：Unit 3 Amazing people板块：Grammar and usageThoughts on the design:本节课是语法教学课。
以观察——发现——讨论——归纳——运用为主要教学模式，充分利用本单元语言素材，通过多种图示和语法规则的呈现，让学生比较全面系统地掌握过去完成时（Past perfect tense）的用法、一般过去时（Simple past tense）与过去完成时的用法区别及现在完成时（Present perfect tense）与过去完成时的用法区别。
语法规则的归纳与讲解所选用的语言材料和所涉及的练习与本单元话题（Amazing people）相联系。
力求让学生在语篇中灵活运用所掌握的语法规则，避免学生死抠语法，生搬硬套。
Teaching aims:After learning this lesson, the students will be able to understand sentences in which the past perfect tense is used. They are also expected to distinguish the past perfect tense from the simple past and the past perfect tense from the present perfect tense. At the same time, they will read some passages in which the simple past tense, the past perfect tense or the present perfect tense is used.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead in (PPT4-5)1.What’s the topic of Unit3? (Amazing people)2.How many amazing people have we read about in this unit? Who are they? (Mother Teresa, Bill Gates, Beethoven,Zhang Heng, Howard Carter.)3.Can you tell me something about Howard Carter? (Howard Cater is one of the most famous explorers the world hasever known. He was brave and adventurous. … Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely.)4.What verb tenses are used in the sentence? (the simple past tense and the past perfect tense)[Explanation]教师充分利用教材中的语言素材，既引导学生温习已学的内容，又激起学生对已学内容中出现的语法现象（the past perfect）的关注。
Step 2 Presentation (PPT6-7)1.How can we form the past perfect? (By using“had ＋the verb-ed form”)2.Page 42-43: Reread the passage “The curse of the mummy” and underline the sentences in which the past perfect tenseis used.By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt.It was the most important tomb that had ever been found.The tomb contained more riches, gold and jewels than any of us had ever seen before.Not long after the tomb of King Tutankhamen had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill anddie strangely.Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.A few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. [Explanation]通过进一步复读课文，让学生发现过去完成时在语篇中的运用，以加强对过去完成时的感性认识。
Step 3 The usage of the past perfect1. Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.Summary: The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used. (PPT8-9) 2. “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.Summary: The past perfect tense is often used in reported speech. (PPT10) 3. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.Summary: The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action. It does not mean that the past action happened a long time ago. (PPT11)4. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.PresentPast PresentPastPresentPastPresentPastCarter’s lucky pet bird had led Carter to the site.Carter’s lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake.The past perfect tense shows us “过去的过去”PastThey had emptied the tomb of everything it contained. Carter said I had done my homework this morning. I went to the museum.Summary: The past perfect tense is often used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already. (PPT12) [Explanation]借用学生所熟知的语境及相关图示，让学生充分理解过去完成时的本质——“过去的过去”。
Step 4 Practice: the simple past tense and the past perfect tense1. Show some pictures of another amazing person ---Amelia Earhart.2. Read the notes about Amelia Earhart on page 49 and then tell us what happened to her. Let students know that whetherthe simple past tense or the past perfect tense is used depends on the sequence of the events. 3. Complete the story on page 49.4. Complete the article on page 50 so that the students know more about the differences between the simple past tenseand the past perfect tense.Summary: Whether the simple past tense or the past perfect tense is used depends on the sequence of the events. (PPT13-20) [Explanation]让学生学会在语境中正确使用过去完成时，并了解过去完成时与一般过去时的区别。