平衡施肥及雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响-生态学报2009

第29卷第10期2009年10月

生态学报ACT A ECOLOGI CA SI N I CA

Vol .29,No .10

Oct .,2009

基金项目:国际植物营养研究所资助项目;国家973计划资助项目(2006CB100206);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD05B06);四川省科技厅应用基础资助项目(2008JY002221)

收稿日期:2008207212; 修订日期:2009201216

3通讯作者Corres ponding author .E 2mail:stu@mail .sc .cninf o .net;ZHH503@

平衡施肥及雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响

林超文1

,庞良玉1

,罗春燕1

,陈一兵1

,黄晶晶1

,涂仕华

1,3

,张　鸿

2,3

1.四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066

2.四川省农业科学院,四川成都610066

摘要:利用人工降雨装置模拟3种不同强度的降雨,采用模拟径流小区,研究了四川紫色丘陵区玉米净作条件下雨强及平衡施肥对土壤养分损失量及载体的影响。结果表明:雨强是影响地表径流量、径流总量及土壤侵蚀量的最主要因素。在小雨强条件下,无地表径流及土壤侵蚀发生;随着雨强的增大,地表径流量、径流总量及土壤侵蚀量都急剧增加。磷素和钾素流失总量也随雨强的增加而增加,而雨强对氮素流失的影响不大。在3种雨强条件下,3种施肥处理的氮素流失总量表现为:高氮施肥>农户习惯施肥>平衡施肥,平衡施肥能减少氮素流失,而高氮施肥增加氮素的流失。农户习惯施肥处理的磷流失总量和钾流失总量均高于平衡施肥和高氮施肥两种施钾处理,在紫色土坡耕地增施钾肥能减少磷、钾养分的流失。关键词:平衡施肥;雨强;土壤养分流失;农户习惯

文章编号:100020933(2009)1025552209　中图分类号:S154.1,S158.5,X171　文献标识码:A

Effect of ba l anced fertili za ti on and ra i n i n ten sity on nutr i en t losses from a purple so il i n S i chuan

L IN Chao 2W en 1

,P ANG L iang 2Yu 1

,LUO Chun 2Yan 1

,CHEN Yi 2B ing 1

,HUANG J ing 2J ing 1

,T U Shi 2Hua 1,3

,

Z HANG Hong

2,31Soil and Fertilizer Institute,S ichuan acade m y of A gricultural Sciences,S ichuan,Chengdu 610066,China 2S ichuan A cade m y of Agricultural Sciences,S ichuan,Chengdu 610066,China

A cta Ecologica S in ica,2009,29(10):5552～5560.

Abstract:By emp loying an artificial rain device,the effects of three rain intensities and three different fertilizer p ractices on s oil and nutrient losses from slop ing corn p lots were studied using a comp lete rando m ized block experi ment .Rain intensity was deter m ined t o be the main fact or influencing the amount of surface runoff,total runoff,and sedi m ent .No surface runoff or s oil er osion occurred at lo w rain intensity .A s rain intensity increased,the amount of surface runoff,total runoff,and sedi ment increased shar p ly,causing increased l osses of P and K .Rain intensity had little influence on the amount of N lost .The amount of N l ost was mainly influenced by fertilizer p ractices,showing a ranking of N l oss from lo w t o high res pectively:balanced fertilizati on

近年来,随着耕地利用强度加大、化肥施用量增加,由农业活动引起的面源污染问题逐渐受到关注

[1,2]

。

土壤中的养分流失一般有两个主要途径,一是随地表径流水相和沉积物相的横向迁移;二是随水分下渗形成