Wells量表和修正的Geneva评分对肺栓塞的预测价值分析
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Wells量表和修正的Geneva评分对肺栓塞的预测价值分析
作者:阮小贞何琳
来源:《中国医学创新》2018年第24期
【摘要】目的:分析Wells量表和修正的Geneva评分对肺栓塞(PE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年9月本院住院疑似肺栓塞患者240例,均采用Wells量表和修正的Geneva评分,经CT肺动脉血管造影(CTPA)确诊为肺栓塞者64例,建立受试者工作曲线(ROC)评价其对肺栓塞的预测价值。结果:Wells评分低度、中度、高度患者对PE预测符合率分别为3.70%(2/54)、22.88%(27/118)、51.47%(35/68);修正的Geneva评分低度、中度、高度患者符合率分别为3.95%(3/76)、22.61%(26/115)、71.43%(35/49)。修正的Geneva评分高度符合率高于Wells评分(字2=4.720,P=0.003),但两种评估量表低度、中度符合率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Wells评分AUC为0.581,准确性较低,敏感度、特异度分别为0.626、0.718,预测截断值为3.52分;修正的Geneva评分AUC为0.702,准确性高于Wells评分,敏感度、特异度分别为0.753、0.732,预测截断值为7.58分。结论:Wells量表和修正的Geneva评分均对PE有一定的预测价值,修正的Geneva评分预测价值略高于Wells量表,临床上可以将两种评分方法结合使用,提高PE的早期诊断水平。
【关键词】 Wells量表;修正的Geneva评分;肺栓塞;预测价值
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the predictive value of Wells scale and revised Geneva score for pulmonary embolism(PE).Method:There were 240 cases of suspected pulmonary embolism hospitalized in our hospital from January 2016 to September 2017 were selected.They were given Wells scale and revised Geneva score,and 64 cases of pulmonary embolism were confirmed by CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).The receiver operating curve(ROC) was established to evaluate its predictive value for pulmonary embolism.Result:The low,moderate and high predictive coincidence rates of PE in Wells scale were 3.70%(2/54),22.88%(27/118) and 51.47%(35/68) respectively.The low,moderate and high predictive coincidence rates of PE in revised Geneva score were 3.95%(3/76),22.61%(26/115),71.43%(35/49)respectively.The high coincidence rate in revised Geneva score was higher than that of Wells scale (字2=4.720,P=0.003),but the low and moderate coincidence rates of the two assessment scales were compared,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The AUC of Wells scale was 0.581,the accuracy was low,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.626 and 0.718 respectively,and the predictive cut-off value was 3.52 point.The AUC of revised Geneva score was 0.702,higher than the Wells score,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.753 and 0.732 respectively,and the predictive cut-off value was 7.58 point.Conclusion:Wells scale and revised
Geneva score have some predictive value for PE,the predictive value of revised Geneva score is slightly higher than that of Wells scale,and the combination of the two scoring methods could improve the early diagnosis of PE.
【Key words】 Wells scale; Revised Geneva score; Pulmonary embolism; Predictive value
First-author’s address:Xintang Hospital,South Hospital of Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 511340,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.24.029
急性肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)是常见的院内心血管并发症,死亡率在心脑血管疼痛中仅次于缺血性心脏病和脑卒中[1]。研究报道,PE患者符合典型“三联征”,即呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血表现的患者仅占20%左右,约80%的患者临床表现并不典型[2]。再加之肺炎、心力衰竭、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期等心肺疾病患者也常表现为呼吸困难、胸痛等症状,由此可见PE的早期诊断存在困难,有较高的误诊和漏诊率,这也是PE患者死亡率高的原因之一[3]。目前多数研究和指南提出对疑似PE患者行经CT肺动脉血管造影(CTPA)检查前行先进行评估,评分为低度可能性者,D-二聚体检测结果阴性可排除PE,可使至少30%的患者避免CTPA检查[4]。临床评估疑似PE可能性多采用Wells评分量表、Geneva评分及修正的Geneva评分等,其中最常用的是Wells评分和修正的Geneva评分。本研究采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),对Wells评分和修正的Geneva评分对疑似PE患者诊断的预测价值进行比较,旨在提出适合的方法,为PE的诊断提供指导。现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料选取2016年1月-2017年9月本院住院疑似肺栓塞患者240例,其中男132例,女108例;年龄19~86岁,平均(57.7±13.9)岁;恶性肿瘤36例,妇科手术及其他术后58例,心脑血管疾病92例,外伤骨折等54例;临床表现主要是胸闷、气促、烦躁、咯血、左下肢肿痛、双下肢肿胀、胸痛等。(1)PE诊断标准:参照中华医学会呼吸病学分会《肺血栓栓塞症的诊断与治疗指南》[5],患者行CTPA检查,直接征象表现为轨道征,表现为增强后肺动脉内发现低密度的充盈缺损或完全充盈缺损,完全包围或部分包围在不透光的血流之间,远端血管不显影;间接征象为远端血管分支减少或消失,盘状肺不张或条带状高密度区,或中心肺动脉扩张,肺野楔形密度增高影。(2)纳入标准:有不明原因的不对称下肢肿胀、胸痛、咳嗽、咯血、突发呼吸困难等表现,且除外心肺疾病者;住院期间接受过CTPA检查和血浆D-二聚体检查者。
(3)排除标准:CTPA影像模糊者;严重肝肾功能不全、肺血管炎、慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压者;妊娠期女性;对造影剂过敏者;拒绝行CTPA检查者。患者均行心脏超声、心电