Lecture 1 The Ancient Mediterranean World and the Origin of European Civilization学生版

3.4 Decline of the Roman Empire � The empire began to decline in the 3rd century. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople � (modern Istanbul). After 395, the empire was permanently divided into East (the Byzantine Empire) and
Iliad: Odyssey: 3.1.2 Mythology Mountain Olympus Zeus, Hera Apollo—sun god, Athena—goddess of war and wisdom
3.1.3 Drama
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Aeschylus (525?—456BC)—the father of Greek tragedy: Prometheus Bound Sopocles (496?—406BC): Oedipus Rex
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West. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.
2. Historical Context 2.1 Around 1200 BC, the Trojan War 2.2 492—480BC, the wars between the Persians and the Greeks � The battle of Marathon 2.3 The real result of the wars
7.Appearance and Development of Christianity
1. In _____the Romans conquered Greece. 2. Which work describes the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?_____ A. Odyssey B. Iliad C. Oedipus the King 3. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in_____. 4. The written records of Britain began from the year of _______.
. Roman Culture II II.
1. The Founding of Rome (753BC) Shewolf
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Romulus and Remus 2. In the 146 BC, Greece was reduced to a province of the Roman Empire. The men of action
� 44BC, Caesar was murdered at the Senate Chamber at Rome. � 43 BC, the Second Triumvirate: Mark Antony, Octavius, Lepidus 3.3 The Empire (27BC—1453AD) � � � 27BC, Octavius—Augustus—the State First Citizen 43 years’ reign of Augustus enjoyed its “Golden Age”, “ All roads lead to Rome” 43AD, under Claudius, systematic conquest of the island now known as England.
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Lecture One The Ancient Mediterranean World and the Origin of European Civilization 教学目的和要求 本章主要内容 重点 难点 思考
I. Greek Culture 1. Location � the South of Europe, including today’s Balkan Peninsula , western coast of Minor Asia and � lots of islands in the Aegean Sea. City-states: Athens, Sparta
4. Roman Mythology Inherited the Greek mythology, with the changes of the names. 5. Poetry � Virgil � Horace 6. Other Achievements � The Colosseum � � The Constantine Triumphal Arch The Pantheon Virgil
5. Artistic Achievements Acropolis, Parthenon, Zeus
6. Social and Political Structure Democracy Olympic Games and modern Olympics was revived in 1896 7. Greek civilization clearly demonstrated strong signs of vigorous and dynamic development in its long history. These marvelous achievements ensured a long period of increasing prosperity and power for the nation and provided lasting influences for the later development of other European countries. Greek civilization came to its peak during 499-449BC. Around 146BC a split doomed opened the way for the invasion of later aggressors like Macedonia, Gaul and Rome.
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3.1.4 Fable � Aesop’s Fables around 6th century BC
4. Philosophy “men of thoughts” � � � Socrates Plato: Republic, Symposium(论文集 ) and Law Aristotle: the greatest thinker and most learned person of the ancient times.
3. Roman History � � � The Kingdom: by seven kings The Republic: by two consuls and a senate The Empire Julius Caesar
3.1 the Kingdom (753—510BC) Fascist 3.2 The Republic (510—27BC) The First Triumvirate: Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar � 58BC, Caesar defeated Gaul. � 55BC, Caesar arrived England, � � The written history of Britain began. 49BC, Caesar became the dictator of Rome. Later, he led his army to Egypt. Cleopatra
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3. Achievements of the Greeks 3.1 Literary achievements 3.1.1 Homer’ epics: Iliad and Odyssey Homer around the time of the 9th or 8th centuries BC