英语Project-古埃及文明
埃及文化英文简介.doc
Pyramids and pharaohs, mummies and magic, picture writing on papyrus—ancient Egypt had all this, and much more. Rich, powerful, and peace-loving, this North African kingdom was home to a splendid civilization that lasted 3,000 years, from about 3300 BC to 30 BC.RED LAND, BLACK LANDAncient Egypt was a vast territory, stretching 700 miles (1,100 kilometers) southward from the Mediterranean Sea. Most of it was hot, dry, and dusty. The Egyptians called it Deshret(red land). But the world’s longest river, the Nile, runs through this desert. Every year, the river flooded the surrounding land. The floods left sticky, smelly mud covering the land along the riverbanks. Egyptians called the riverside area Kemet (black land). This land was very fertile. About 5000 BC, the ancient Egyptians built some of the world’s first farms and villages there.THE GIFT OF THE NILEEgypt was sometimes called “the gift of the Nile.” All Egyptian life depended on the river. Farmers dug ditches to bring its water to fields of wheat, grapes, and onions. Rich nobles, town traders, and poor country families all built homes made of sun-dried river mud. Craftspeople shaped clay from the Nile into pottery, and wove cloth from the flax plant that grew on its banks. Families caught fish and river birds for food. Children played in riverside pools, but they had to watch out for killer crocodiles!LIFE IN ANCIENT EGYPTMost ancient Egyptian homes had just two or three rooms, with workspace on the roof. Rich people built larger houses, with painted walls, fine furniture, gardens, and pools. In poor families, women wore rough homemade dresses and men wore cloths tied around the hips. But the rich could afford curled wigs, makeup, colored clothes, and jewels. They had servants and slaves to work for them.Rich or poor, all Egyptians valued family life. They married young and had many children. Families worked together and played together. Egyptian people liked games, stories, music, dancing, and holiday feasts and parades.The ancient Egyptians believed in magic and many gods. People built little shrines to their favorite gods. They wore amulets (charms), and recited prayers and spells. They also built statues representing gods. The most famous is the Great Sphinx of Giza. This huge statue with the body of a lion and the head of a man still stands today.HIEROGLYPHS AND PAPYRUSThe ancient Egyptians had a complex system of writing known as hieroglyphics. This form of writing looks like columns of little pictures. These picture-symbols are called hieroglyphs. Not everyone could read hieroglyphs. Reading and writing was the job of special scholars called scribes.Scribes wrote in hieroglyphs on papyrus, a kind of paper made from reeds. This was some of the world’s first writing! Pages of poems, songs, st ories, math, science, and astronomy have all been preserved.POWERFUL PHARAOHSEgyptian kings were known as pharaohs. Egyptians said the pharaohs were the children of a god. They were links between heaven and Earth. Pharaohs were the chief priests, lawmakers, and army commanders of the kingdom. They gave orders to governors, judges, tax collectors, and soldiers. They made treaties with foreign rulers and controlled trade with other countries. All Egyptians had to pay taxes to them or work on their building projects.PYRAMID TOMBS AND MUMMIESSome of the pharaohs had great pyramids constructed. A pyramid was an enormous stone tomb. Building a pyramid was a tremendous project. Thousands of people worked for many years to construct one. Some of the stone blocks that make up the pyramids weigh more than two elephants!The ancient Egyptians believed that their bodies must survive for life after death. They had their bodies made into mummies. Mummies were preserved, dried, and wrapped in cloth. Egyptians hoped this would help their spirits survive after they died. Pharaoh mummies were placed in pyramids or great tombs surrounded by treasures to be used in the afterlife. Guides to the world of the dead written in hieroglyphs on papyrus have been found with mummies. Most royal mummies, and the treasures buried with them, were stolen by grave robbers long ago.LASTING REMINDERS OF THE PASTEgypt’s rich civilization attracted many invaders. But it survived for thousands of years. In 30 BC, Egypt’s last pharaoh—Queen Cleopatra—killed herself rather than surrender to Roman conquerors. That was 2,000 years ago. But ancient Egypt has not been forgotten. Some mummies were so well preserved that they are still around. Some of them are inmuseums. And many of ancient Egypt’s gr eatest monuments, including many pyramids, are still standing. You can visit them!。
英语ppt——古埃及
Tutankhamun 他并不是古埃及历史上功绩最为
卓著的法老，但却是在今天最为 闻名的埃及法老王。他9岁君临 天下，19岁暴亡，死因曾一度悬 于谋杀，因此他的周身都被神秘 色彩所笼罩。图坦卡蒙为现代人 广为熟知的原因是由于他的坟墓 在三千年的时间内从未被盗，直 到1922年才被英国人霍华德·卡 特(Howard Carter，英国考古学 家和埃及学先驱)发现，挖掘出 了大量珍宝，震惊了西方世界。 他的墓室口刻着神秘的咒语，巧 合的是几个最早进入坟墓的人皆 因各种原因早死，被当时的媒体 大肆渲染成“法老的诅咒”，使 得图坦卡蒙的名字在西方更为家 喻户晓。
Built 4,000 years ago, the three great pyramids at Giza, in the Egyptian desert remain the most colossal buildings ever constructed. 矗立在埃及沙漠中吉萨的三座大金字塔建 于4000年前，它们一直都是有史以来最宏大的建筑。
Ancient Egypt
--The Gift of the Nile
Ancient Egypt was one of the four ancient civilizations .
-- 张烨
Part 1 Pyramid
Part 2 Pharoah Part 3 Mummy
Pyramid
All are afraid of time, but time itself is afraid of the pyramid. ---Arab proverb （阿拉伯谚语）
Apart from the pyramids, EGYPTIAN BUILDINGS were decorated with PAINTINGS, CARVED STONE IMAGES, HIEROGLYPHS, and THREE-DIMENSIONAL STATUES. The art tells the story of the pharaohs, the gods, the common people and the natural world of plants, birds and animals.
egypt civilization 埃及
Egyptian’s Civilization Classified
Egyptian’s Civilization
Pharaonic
Romanic
Coptic
Islamic
Modern
Pharaonic Age
• The Old Kingdom (2980-2475 B.C.) . • The Middle Kingdom (2160 - 1580 B.C.) • The New Kingdom (1580 - 1150 B.C.)
THE CIVILIZATION AND THE HISTORY
AMAZING WONDERFUL
STRANGER
History and Civilization INTRODUCTION
1. Egypt's history is considered by many as the history of the human civilizations in which Ancient Egyptians introduced and created a civilization that leads in arts, and architecture. This civilization astonished the world and its scientists with the amount of knowledge it possessed in diversified areas. Not only this but, Egypt was the first country in the ancient time that introduced writing principles with the creation of the Hieroglyphic signs and letters.
埃及历史文化英语介绍
The Splendor of Egyptian History andCultureStepping into the land of Egypt, one is immediately transported to a world of ancient wonders and timeless mystique. This country, known as the "Cradle of Civilization," holds within its borders a rich tapestry of history and culture that spans thousands of years.At the heart of Egyptian history stands the Nile River, the lifeblood of the civilization. Its fertile banks nurtured the earliest settlements, giving rise to a complex society that thrived on agriculture, trade, and the arts. The Egyptians were masters of architecture, and their monuments, such as the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, stand as testament to their engineering prowess and unwavering faith.The Egyptians were also renowned for their belief in life after death, a cornerstone of their religious philosophy. This belief was reflected in their elaborate burial practices and the construction of tombs and temples, often adorned with hieroglyphics and images of gods and pharaohs. The afterlife was considered a continuation ofearthly existence, and thus, the Egyptians sought to preserve their bodies through mummification and provide for their spirits in the next world.Art and literature were integral to Egyptian culture. Wall paintings, sculptures, and jewelry, often decoratedwith geometric patterns and symbolic motifs, revealed the Egyptians' aesthetic sensibilities and deep understandingof form and proportion. Their stories and poems were passed down through the generations, providing insights into their way of life, beliefs, and values.Moreover, Egypt's location at the crossroads of trade routes made it a melting pot of cultures. This diversity is reflected in its art, music, and cuisine, which have been influenced by neighboring civilizations throughout the ages. In modern times, Egypt has retained its culturalheritage while also embracing the modern world. Thecountry's cities are a blend of ancient and contemporary, with modern skyscrapers rising alongside ancient templesand monuments. Egyptians today are proud of their rich history and strive to preserve it for future generations.From its ancient roots to its vibrant present, Egypt remains a land of enchantment and discovery. Its historyand culture are a testament to the resilience andcreativity of the human spirit, and a reminder of the enduring legacy of this remarkable civilization.**埃及历史文化的辉煌**踏入埃及这片土地，人们仿佛置身于一个充满古老奇迹和永恒魅力的世界。
埃及英文介绍theintroductionofEygpt课堂
?
Do you know ？
? On the contrary ,the Egyptians like cats very much,
they think that the cat representative the goddess Bast who represent fertility, motherhood, protection, and the sun.
Never Say No to Panda
?Never Say No to Pandais a 2010 series of
television commercials produced in Egypt by Advance Marketing for Arab Dairy 。
Never Say No to Panda
Population and the official language
?Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab
worlds, its population amounted to Ninety-four million , the vast majority of them live in valley and delta.
country in the Middle east and the second most populous country Africa.
General Situation
? Egypt is one of the four ancient civilization ancient country, was the world's first national.
古埃及文明概览 英文
Nile Civilizations
Section 1
Draw Conclusions How did geography affect where the early Egyptians lived?
Answer(s): They lived in a narrow strip of fertile land where they could raise crops. It was surrounded by inhospitable desert, which would not easily support life.
Nile Civilizations
Section 1
The Kingdom of Egypt
Main Idea
Egypt was one of the most stable and long-lasting civilizations of the ancient world.
Reading Focus
Nile Civilizations
Section 1
Geographical Features
Delta • Egypt’s most fertile soil in Nile Delta • Silt deposits at mouth of river • Black Land of rich arable soil • Red Land unlivable but afforded protection Cataracts • Nile afforded protection itself • Flowed through cataracts to the south • Currents and waterfalls made sailing impossible • Not an easy invasion route
Egypt Culture埃及文化
• Certain things bring Egyptians together as a people. Some of these are objects, such as the Egyptian flag or famous artworks. Language and various celebrations also bringhese things help to give the Egyptian people a national identity.
• Look at the Egyptian flag. Each of its bold stripes has a special meaning of the culture and national identity of Egyptian people’s struggle for freedom. The white stripe signifies new beginnings and a bright future. The black stripe is a reminder of how Egypt suffered when the country was occupied by other countries. • In the middle of the white stripe is the eagle of saladin. Saladin was a Muslim leader who lived during the 1100s. The eagle is clutching a panel that has the country’s name in Arabic. The flag is a symbol of Egypt’s independence as a country.
全英文介绍世界文化历史之古埃及
Egypt’s Kingdoms
31 Dynasties
Middle Kingdom (2100-1650 BCE) – Political stability: refinement of arts, crafts – Construction of Giza pyramids – Trade more extensive – Religion more democratic
• More than 1,000 years of peacefSOCIAL
PEOPLE OF EGYPT
• Population overwhelmingly peasant, tenant farmers
• Small merchants, craftspeople lived in villages
• After each period, new dynasty appeared, restored control
Hyksos forces
defeated
Reign of the Pharaohs
• Pharaohs kept power for 2000 years because:
– belief in divinity of king/queen (3 female pharaohs) – conviction that Egypt was specially favored and protected
• Strong administrative control
Slaves of ancient Egypt
埃及英文介绍课件 the introduction of Eygpt
• Many of them are Arab. their state religion is Islam . The official language is Arabic ,they also speak English and French.
• Pyramid is the national symbol of Egypt, •吉萨金字塔
Large quantity, wide distribution
•卢克索神庙
•红海
Food
• Egyptians like to eat sweet • Horsebean（蚕豆） is their
onal dish
•
It is worth noting that
many Egyptians love to eat
world's first national.
In the aspect of
economy, science and technology has long been a leading situation in Africa .
Climate
• Egypt's climate is very pleasant, •
By xxx
The Egypt we know
Pyramid
mummy
Let us into the real Egypt！
General Situation
• Egypt, full name is
Arab republic of Egypt.
•
Egypt is the most populous
Sichuan Food
•
Do you know ？
关于古埃及文化的英文演讲
关于古埃及文化的英文演讲Culture of EgyptThe Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, Egypt itself came under the influence of Hellenism, for a time Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of Egypt's ancient culture exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with roots in Ancient Egypt.LanguageThe Ancient Egyptian language, which formed a separate branch among the family of Afro-Asiatic languages, was among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. The Coptic language, the only extant descendant of Egyptian, is today the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church.The "Koiné" dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was later studied by Arabic scholars.Arabic came to Egypt in the seventh century and Egyptian Arabic has since become the modern speech of the country. Of the many varieties of Arabic, it is the most widely spoken second dialect, probably due to the influence of Egyptian cinema throughout the Arabic-speaking world.In the Upper Nile Valley, around Kom Ombo and Aswan, there are about 300,000 speakers of Nubian languages, mainly Nobiin, but also Kenuzi-Dongola. The Berber languages are represented by Siwi, spoken by about 5,000 around the Siwa Oasis. There are over a million speakers of the Domari language (an Indo-Aryan language related to Romany), mostly living north of Cairo, and there are about 60,000 Greek speakers in Alexandria. Approximately 77,000 speakers of Bedawi (a Beja language) live in the Eastern Desert.LiteratureAncient Egyptian literature dates back to the Old Kingdom, in the third millennium BC. Religious literature is best known for its hymns to various gods and its mortuary texts. The oldest extant Egyptian literature are the Pyramid Texts: the mythology and rituals carved around the tombs of rulers. The later, secular literature of ancient Egypt includes the 'wisdom texts', forms of philosophical instruction. The Instruction of Ptahhotep, for example, is a collation of moral proverbs by an Egyptian administrator. The authors of the literature of the Old and Middle Kingdoms (through to the middle of the second millennium BC) seem to have been drawn from an elite administrative class, and were celebrated and revered into the New Kingdom (to the end of the second millennium). In time, the Pyramid Texts became Coffin Texts (perhaps after the end of the Old Kingdom), and finally the mortuary literature produced its masterpiece, the Book of the Dead, during the New Kingdom.The Middle Kingdom was the golden age of Egyptian literature. Some notable texts include the Tale of Neferty, the Instructions of Amenemhat I, the Tale of Sinuhe, the Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor and the Story of the Eloquent Peasant. Instructions became a popular literary genre of the New Kingdom, taking the form of advice on proper behavior. The Story of Wenamun and the Instructions of Ani are well-known examples from this period.During the Greco-Roman period (332 BC − AD 639), Egyptian literature was translated into other languages, and Greco-Roman literature fused with native art into a new style of writing. From this period comes the Rosetta Stone, which became the key to unlocking the mysteries of Egyptian writing to modern scholarship. The great city of Alexandria boasted its famous Library of almost half a million handwritten books during the third century BC. Alexandria's centre of learning also produced the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, the Septuagint. During the first few centuries of the Christian era, Egypt was the ultimate source of a great deal of ascetic literature in the Coptic language. Egyptian monasteries translated many Greek and Syriac works, which are now only extant in Coptic. Under Islam, Egypt continued to be a great source of literary endeavour, now in the Arabic language. In 970, al-Azhar University was founded in Cairo, which to this day remains the most important centre of Sunni Islamic learning. In the 12th century Egypt, the Jewish talmudic scholar Maimonides produced his most important work.Egypt's vast and rich literature constitutes an important cultural element in the life of the country and in the Middle East as a whole. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Many Egyptian books and films are available throughout the Middle East. Other prominent Egyptian writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist works and activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition. Vernacular poetry is perhaps the most popular literary genre amongst Egyptians, represented most significantly by Ahmed Fuad Nigm (Fagumi) and Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi.ReligionAncient Egyptian religion was a polytheistic system that saw the world as in conflict between forces of order and chaos. The Pharaoh, representative of order on Earth, was seen as divine and descended of the falcon god Horus. There was a strong cult of resurrection in the next life centered around the god Osiris.Coptic Christianity became popular in the Roman and Byzantine periods, and Egypt was indeed one of the strongest early Christian communities. Today, Christians constitute about 10% of the population.Islam in Egypt came to the country with the successors of Mohammed, and is today the dominant faith with 90% of the population adherents, almost all of the Sunni denomination.Visual artEgyptian art in antiquityThe Egyptians were one of the first major civilizations to codify design elements in art. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Early Egyptian art is characterized by absence of linear perspective, which results in a seemingly flat space. These artists tended to create images based on what they knew, and not as much on what they see. Objects in these artworks generally do not decrease in size as they increase in distance and there is little shading to indicate depth. Sometimes, distance is indicated through the use of tiered space, where more distant objects are drawn higher above the nearby objects, but in the same scale and with no overlapping of forms. People and objects are almost always drawn in profile.Early Egyptian artists did have a system for maintaining dimensions within artwork. They used a grid system that allowed them to create a smaller version of the artwork, and then scale up the design based upon proportional representation in a larger grid.See also: African art (Egypt)[edit] Egyptian art in modern timesModern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene. Some well-known names include Mahmoud Mokhtar, Abdel-Hadi el Gazzar, Farouk Hosny, Gazbia Sirry and many others. Many artists in Egypt have taken on modern media such as digital art and this has been the theme of many exhibions in Cairo, in recent times. There has also been a tendency to use the world wide web as an alternative outlet for artists and there is a strong Art-focused internet community on egroups that has found origin in Egypt.SciencePtolemyClaudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th century engraved book frontispiecePtolemy is one of the most famous scientists associated with Egypt. Although he was born in Greece, he is famous for his work in Alexandria. Born Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδιος ∏τολεμαίος; c. 85 – c. 165),he was a Greek geographer, astronomer, and astrologer. He is considered by many to be the father of astronomy.Ptolemy was the author of two important scientific treatises. One is the astronomical treatise that is now known as the Almagest (in Greek Η μεγάλη ∑ύνταξις, "The Great Treatise"). In this work, one of the most influential books of Antiquity, Ptolemy compiled the astronomical knowledge of the ancient Greek and Babylonian world.Ptolemy's other main work is his Geography. This too is a compilation, of what was known about the world's geography in the Roman Empire in his time.In his Optics, a work which survives only in a poor Arabic translation, he writes about properties of light, including reflection, refraction and colour. His other works include Planetary Hypothesis, Planisphaerium and Analemma.Ptolemy's treatise on astrology, the Tetrabiblos, was the most popular astrological work of antiquity and also enjoyed great influence in the Islamic world and the medieval Latin West.Ptolemy also wrote an influential work Harmonics on music theory. After criticizing the approaches of his predecessors, Ptolemy argued for basing musical intervals on mathematical ratios (in contrast to the followers of Aristoxenus) backed up by empirical observation (in contrast to the overly-theoretical approach of the Pythagoreans). He presented his own divisions of the tetrachord and the octave, which he derived with the help of a monochord. Ptolemy's astronomical interests also appeared in a discussion of the music of the spheres.Tributes to Ptolemy include Ptolemaeus crater on the Moon and Ptolemaeus crater on Mars.Music and danceEgyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous Egyptian, Arabic, African and Western influences.As early as 4000 BC, ancient Egyptians were playing harps and flutes, as well as two indigenous instruments: the ney and the oud. However, there is little notation of Egyptian music before the 7th century AD, when Egypt became part of the Muslim world. Percussion and vocal music became important at this time, and has remained an important part of Egyptian music today.Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of luminaries such as Abdu-l Hamuli, Almaz and Mahmud Osman, who were all patronized by Khedive Ismail and who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Abdel Halim Hafez and other Egyptian music giants.From the 1970s onwards, Egyptian pop music has become increasingly important in Egyptian culture, particularly among the large youth population of Egypt. Egyptian folk music is also popular, played during weddings and other festivities. In the last quarter of the 20th century, Egyptian music was a way to communicate social and class issues. The most popular Egyptian pop singer is Amr Diab.Belly dance, or Raqs Sharqi in Arabic, may have originated in Egypt, and today the country is considered the international center of the art.。
古埃及七大奇迹SevenWondersofAncientEgypt
古埃及七大奇迹SevenWondersofAncientEgypt第一篇：古埃及七大奇迹 Seven Wonders of Ancient Egypt Over 3000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians built the finest monuments the world has ever seen.The great Pyramid, the largest stone building on earth, was constructed with futuristic precision.How was such quantum innovations ever achieved? The valley of the kings(帝王谷)contains over 60 royal tombs decorated with secret codes.How did the pharaohs reach the afterlife?Hatshepsut Temple, an architectural marvel.But why is the face of the pharaoh been erased? The Sphinx, carved from a single piece of rock, became the world's largest free standing statue.What secrets lie behind its silent gaze?The Karnak Temple Complex, the largest on earth, became an architectural battle ground.What forces made Karnak prospered, and who tore it apart?The Temple of Ramses the Great was carved into a cliff-face, with gigantic figures and chambers, stretching for 200 feet.How could it vanish for thousands of years?And then there is Mount Sinai, Egypt’s greatest natural wonder, the place where God is said to have spoken to Moses and given mankind the Ten Commandments.Some wonders would shape the course of architecture, others would become shrines for all eternity.Through art history, they continue to enthrall and inspire as the seven wonders of Ancient Egypt.Beneath the stones of Egypt's wonders lie their hidden stories.To discover them, we have to travel back through thousands of years.Back through ancient dynasties, that once ruled the greatestcivilization on earth.This was a time when genius of invention laid the corner stones of the most revolutionist structures.A timeof rivalry, inbreeding, conspiracy and deception.When God would pick his prophet from the royal house of Egypt.When a queen became apharaoh, kings who with the single hammer blow, would destroy the past that glorified their name.A time when the rewards were so great, some would be driven to any length to realize their ambitions.The kings of ancient Egypt were no mere mortals.They were gods' incarnate.And the ancient Egyptians cared more for the burial of their kings than any other nation that has existed.Three and a halfthousand years ago ,they began to build the most revered cemetery on earth.The valley of the kings is the most magnificent burial groundin the world, 62 tombs cut deep into the rock overflowing with the treasures of ancient Egypt.Pharaohs like Tutankhamun and Ramesses the Great were laid to rest here.But before long this remote valley would become a haven for treasure hunters.T omb raiders and vandals would break into the secret underground world.They were followed centuries later by European explorers and adventure-seeking treasure hunters like Belzoni.Then archaeologists like Howard Carter would make breathtaking discoveries and began to piece together the lives of the Pharaohs.The oldest tomb in the valley belonged to the king Thutmose I from the 16th century BC.Probably this was chosen as a sidewall because of this cleft which made it easier just to begin the cutting of the tomb itself.Hidden tombs were the goals for these early kings.For the next 5 hundred years, the Pharaohs would follow Tukmust I and be buried here in the valley.T ed Brock has been responsible for creating a three-dimensional map of the entire valley and knows every tomb.Building a tomb is probablyin many waysquite similar to quarrying operations that were carrying out for hundreds or even thousands of years.And so it's a similar process of cutting into the rock, cutting out pieces of rock and removing it.It was a hot, dirty and dangerous work.So they have groups of people working there, cutting away the rock face, tunneling in and hauling the debris away.And behind them would be the finishers coming along with the copper and bronze tools, smoothing down the walls, truing them up and then followed up by the people plastering the walls and preparation for the decoration.So you had all these various steps going on at the same time.After the walls have been plastered, the decoration began.Outline scribes would draw the Pharaoh's face in red ocher.These motifs were copied from pattern books.A vizier would relay the progress to the Pharaoh.“Once an outline scribe has done his work, then the master artist hascome in and made corrections.Uh, you can see that on the head of horse here: nice detail and well finished by the master artist.Seethere is no details, red outlines here so that wasn't even drawn by the outline scribe.”Like the coordinates of teleport, it was essential for every detail to be correct to ensure the Pharaoh's successful union with the afterlife.The tombs were decorated with these descriptions of the underworld, with taking this hole of the rock and making it the underworld itself.Most of the tombs in the valley of the kings are unfinished.The work cut short by the king's death.But the tomb of Seti I is virtuallycomplete.It was unearthed by the famous treasure hunter Giovanni Battista Belzoni who in 1817 was lucky enough to chance upon the longest and deepest of all the tombs.Belzonidescribed finding it as the best day in his life.But it wasn't all easy: once inside the main chambers were hidden behind the false wall;and in front of this was a well pit ten meters deep.He found as he came in that the rear wall was blocked up, except there was a hole which earlier tomb robbers had entered.Having discovered the secret entrance, Belzoni went on to explore one of the most carvenesttombs ever found.They built these large chambers in this tomb and pillars hewn out of the rock;they are not constructed.And beyond these are other chambers as well, with lots wall space for more decoration.The Pharaoh's body was mummified to preserve him forever.He would lie within many coffins before being lowered into asarcophagus.This could weigh as much as ten tons.The lowest chamber of all several hundred feet down in the rock is where the Pharaoh was laid to rest.This is the burial chamber of theSeti I.It's really like a giant sarcophagus with a lid representing the soaring sky, and the walls describing the sun god's journey through the underworld.And each end of the walls has the protective goddess as found on the sarcophagus.Here the Pharaoh would rest, sealed in state, and surrounded by his finest and most valued possessions.The priest and burial party would seal the chamber.But the generations of workers would always be able to remember where each tomb was.And soon robbers learnt where the tombs were.So a royal seal was put over the door lock.But this didn’t deter thieves either.If the central government system was weak and people aren't getting their daily pay and rations, there is a great temptation to go and plunder these tombs.When the new kingdom ended,the tombs were abandoned, many stripped of their treasures.Some became shrines.Others became hidden.Some mayremain undiscovered.But the new kingdom of ancient Egypt left behind far more wonders than tombs alone.The desire for greatness let some pharaohs toimmortalize their grandeur in vast temples.The most splendid of these was built by the Pharaoh Hatchepsut.Like many Pharaohs, Hatchepsut liked to be remembered as a great leader and warrior.What was unusual was thatHatchepsut was a woman.Built over the hillside from the Valley of the Kings, the temple of Queen Hatchepsut is the most impressive monument of western Thebes.Hatchepsut’s futuristic temple is packed with revolutionary features, a fitting memory, to one of Egypt’s most innovative Pharaohs.Yet, unlike Cleopatra or Nefertiti, the story of Hatchepsut's remarkable life is little known.She actually led armies in battle and this was something that early historiansreally didn’t want to have to accept.She gave orders and Egypt bowed her head.It did as it was told.Hatchepsut was the eldest daughter of Thutmose I.And when her husband Thutmose II died, her young stepson became Pharaoh--Thutmose III.Worried that the boy might lose control, Hatchepsut appointed herself as co-regent and later king.There is no doubt that when she took the throne, she was actingunconstitutionally.But she didn’t do as other ambitious women would have done and got rid of Thutmose III.He is always there.The thing is, she is the leader.第二篇：世界古代七大奇迹演讲稿大家好！我今天演讲的主题是世界七大奇观：相传在公元前的时代,有七座金碧辉煌的伟大建筑,它们集结了权力,豪华,艺术,科学和宗教,被后世统称为世界七大奇观(The Seven Wonders of the World)。
古埃及文化英文简介
古埃及⽂化英⽂简介Lesson：Egyptian Achievements Name: Sihan Lu Page 108 to 113Date : 2-6-12~2-13-12Voc.Hieroglyphics- the Egyptian writing system. Papyrus- a paper like material for writing.Voc.Voc.Summary:In this section I learn about the Egyptian ‘s writing, temples and art. This is a interesting section, it let me discover the Egyptian other feature.I learn about how their writing system grow, I think writing system is more important in this system, it let us know their history, and Achievement. The historian don’t know how to read the hieroglyphic, but they found the Rosetta Stone, a stone cover by hieroglyphics and Greek, it is a key of reading hieroglyphics.If I living in that period, I would really want to study hieroglyphics, just like now I living in this country, and try to learn English. Wring is an important system, but I think more interesting work is art. Art is important too, but I think it is certainly hard.The Egyptian art show on painting, carving, and jewelry three ways.Their painting cover the wall, tombs, but it also painting on the canvas, papyrus, pottery, plaster, and wood.This section is interesting section, it let me discover the Egyptian Achievements. This is a good way of study.。
埃及英文介绍egypt
埃及英文介绍egyptEgyptOnce upon a time, there was a land with a series of secretes; most of that land was located in the northeast of Africa and it still mysterioustoday. Yes! That’s my motherland---Egypt. Now, let me introduce my motherland to you, I believe that you will be eager to visit there.Egypt is a country with an ancient civilization; it has a history of more than 7000 years and it is one of the cradles of human culture.The ancient Egyptians had advanced civilization and I think they were so smart. They created the Hieroglyphic and solar calendar, they know how to preserve dead bodies from decay, what’s more, they built the pyramids and magnificent palace and none of us know how can they do this in their time. So, w hen you set foot on this land, I’m sure you will be impressed by everything that you have visited.As we all known, the most famous tourist attraction is pyramids, and the most famous pyramid is Pyramid of Khufu. Because it is thebiggest and greatest one. It is the best example of pyramids. But if you want to enter the pyramid, you’d better not stay in it for a long time for it can cause asphyxia. The another well-known tourist spot is sphinx; it is nearby the Pyramid of Khufu. The ancient Egyptians think the lionsymbolizes courage, strength and excellence, so they built the sphinx near the pyramid to protect the Pharaoh. What’s more, I suppose thatyou will be curious about the mummy because the stories of mummycurses are widespread in the world.The food in my motherland is fantastic as the sight. We like barbecue especially the roast whole lamb. And how about drinks? We prefer sugar cane juice, it is really delicious.Besides that, I’d love to give you some warm t ips. First of all, you should know that Egyptians are Muslims, so you shouldn’t eat pork or any products made from pork. Secondly, you need protect you fromsunburn if you choose more outdoor activities. Thirdly, you’d better not use your left hand to eat the foods, we often use right hand. Lastly, you should know that doing needlework in afternoon is a taboo in our country. ?Ok, all of these are just a part of my motherland, if you want to know more, please come here, I will be a good guide for you and youwon’t be disappointed. Welcome!。
介绍埃及英语作文
介绍埃及英语作文Egypt, the land of ancient wonders and modern marvels, has long captivated the imagination of people around the world. From the iconic pyramids to the bustling streets of Cairo, this North African nation has a rich and diverse history that continues to shape its present and future. In this essay, we will explore the unique cultural, historical, and social aspects of Egypt, shedding light on the country's significance and impact on the global stage.The history of Egypt dates back thousands of years, with evidence of human civilization dating back to the prehistoric era. The ancient Egyptian civilization, with its majestic pharaohs, monumental pyramids, and intricate hieroglyphs, is a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the people who called this land home. The Nile River, often referred to as the lifeblood of Egypt, has played a crucial role in shaping the country's development, providing fertile soil for agriculture and serving as a vital trade route.Throughout its history, Egypt has been a melting pot of cultures, religions, and traditions. From the time of the pharaohs to the Arab conquest and subsequent Islamic influence, the country has been shaped by a multitude of external forces. This rich tapestry of influences has given rise to a diverse and vibrant society, where ancient customs coexist with modern innovations. The bustling bazaars,ornate mosques, and lively festivals are a testament to the enduring legacy of Egypt's past.One of the most iconic symbols of Egypt is the Great Pyramid of Giza, a marvel of ancient engineering that continues to mystify and inspire people to this day. The sheer scale and precision of the pyramids serve as a testament to theingenuity and advanced knowledge of the ancient Egyptians. These architectural wonders have stood the test of time, serving as a reminder of the country'sglorious past and enduring legacy.However, Egypt also grapples with a number of social, economic, and political challenges. The country's population continues to grow at a rapid pace, putting pressure on its limited resources and infrastructure. Unemployment, poverty, and income inequality remain persistent issues, particularly in rural areas and urban slums. The political landscape has also been marked by periods of instability and unrest, with the 2011 revolution and subsequent events bringing about significant changes to the country's governance.Despite these challenges, Egypt remains a land of immense potential and opportunity. The government has made significant investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare, aiming to improve the quality of life for its citizens and attract foreign investment. The country's strategic location, rich cultural heritage, and diverse natural resources position it as a key player in the region and a gateway to Africa and the Middle East.In conclusion, Egypt's rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse society make it a truly unique and captivating destination. From the ancient wonders of the past to the bustling cities of the present, the country continues to inspire and intrigue people from all walks of life. While it faces a number of challenges, Egypt's potential for growth and development is undeniable. By harnessing its strengths and addressing its weaknesses, Egypt can pave the way for a brighter future for its people and contribute to the global community in meaningful ways.。
外国建筑史-英语词汇
. .外建史英文单词表Ancient Egypt 古埃及33cent. B.C.~22cent. B.C. Ancient Kingdoms. 古王国22cent. B.C.~16cent. B.C. Middle Kingdoms. 中王国16cent. B.C.~332 B.C. New Kingdoms. 新王国（ After 11cent. B.C. Ruled by Other Nations Sometimes. 有时被其他民族统治）332 B.C.~30 B.C. Hellenic Period（ Ptolemaic Dynasty ）希腊化时期（托勒密王朝）30 B.C. Ruled by Rome 罗马统治时期Nile River, Valley 尼罗河，河谷Agricultural Civilization 农业文明The Stone Age ~The Bronze Age 石器时代 ~ 青铜时代Clan Society （ commune ） ~Slave Society （ state ）氏族社会（公社） ~ 奴隶社会（国家）Pharaoh 法老Noble 贵族The common people 平民Slave 奴隶Totem Worship 图腾崇拜Sorcery 巫术ReligionAnimism 泛神论，自然神论Polytheism 多神教Pries 祭祀Ra 赖（太阳神）Amun 阿蒙神（中王国时期同赖合一，Amun-Ra ，阿蒙 - 赖）Tomb 坟墓Mausoleum 陵墓（更强调纪念性形式与规模）Temple 庙宇Mastaba 马斯塔把（古埃及台型墓）Step Pyramid 阶梯形金字塔Pyramid 金字塔，方锥体Limestone 石灰石Smooth Suffice 光滑表面Zoser Pyramid, Saqqara . 萨卡拉，昭塞尔金字塔The Great Pyramids, Giza 吉萨达金字塔群Khufu （ Cheops ） Pyramid 库富（齐奥普斯）金字塔Khafra （ Chephren ） Pyramid 哈夫拉（齐夫林）金字塔Menkaura （ Mykeriuns ） Pyramid 门卡乌拉（麦克里努斯）金字塔Sphinx 狮身人面像Coffin Chamber 墓室Mortuary Temple 祭庙Valley Temple 河谷庙（金字塔祭祀空间位于尼罗河边的入口小庙）Course Way 甬道（如入口小庙到祭庙间的密封通道）Deir-el-Bahrai 戴尔 - 埃尔 - 巴哈利（中、新王国时期法老墓葬地之一）Mausoleum （ Mortuary ） of Mentu-Hopet Ⅲ满都赫普特三世墓Mausoleum （ Mortuary ） of Hatshepsut 哈特什帕苏（女王）墓Temple of Amun, Karnak 卡纳克，阿蒙神庙Avenue of Sphinxes （ s ）斯芬克斯大道Ram 公羊Obelisk 方尖碑Pylon 埃及神庙大门Colonnaded Courtyard 柱廊院Hypostyle 埃及神庙大殿（柱殿）Sanctuary Hall 圣殿Secret Chamber 密室Beamed Structure 梁柱结构Post 柱子Column 圆柱Capital 柱头Beam 梁Relief 浮雕Ancient Greece 古希腊15cent. B.C. Hellene 古希腊人11cent. B.C. ~8cent. B.C. Homeric Period 荷马时期8cent. B.C. ~5cent. B.C. Archaic Period 古风时期5cent. B.C. ~4cent. B.C. Classic Period 古典时期337B.C.~146B.C. Hellenic Period（ Alexander The Great ）希腊化时期（亚历山大大帝）146B.C. Ruled by Rome 罗马统治时期Greek Peninsula 希腊半岛Mediterranean 地中海Asia Minor 小亚细亚The Cradle of Western Traditional Culture 西方传统文化摇篮Classic Culture 古典文化City-State 城邦国家Colony 殖民地Monarchy 君主制Democracy 民主制Olympic Games, 776B.C. 公元前 776 年，奥林匹克运动会Marathon Battle, 490 B.C. 公元前 490 年，马拉松战役Gods of Olympus 奥林波斯神系God/Goddess 神 / 女神Zeus 宙斯，男（雷神，神王）Apollo 阿波罗，男（太阳神，预言神，音乐艺术之神）Athena 雅典娜，女（智慧、武功、纯洁之神）Poseidon 波塞东，男（海神）Artemis 阿尔特弥斯，女（月神，狩猎之神）Aphrodite 阿芙洛迪特，女（爱神）Genius Loci （一个地方的）守护神，场所精神Philosophy 哲学（自然哲学）Metaphysics 哲学（形而上学）Humanism 人文主义（人本主义，人道主义）Pythagoras 必达格拉斯Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里斯多德Classical Order 古典柱式Architectural Composition 建筑构图Architectural Language 建筑语言Form 形式Proportion 比例Doric 多立克Ionic 爱奥尼克Corinthian 科林斯Stylobate 台基Column 圆柱Base 柱础Shaft 柱身Capital 柱头Abacus 柱头顶板Echinus ， Echini （复）拇指圆装饰（希腊多立克柱头等）Volute 涡卷（爱奥尼克柱头等）Shield and Sword 盾剑饰（爱奥尼克柱头等）Acanthus 叶饰（科林斯柱头等）Entablature 檐部Architrave 额枋Facia （ =Fascia ）， Fasciae （复）装饰带Frieze 檐壁Triglyph 三垄板Motope 嵌板Dentil 齿饰Cornice 檐口Raking Cornice 斜檐口Low Pitched Roof 缓坡顶Pediment 山花Distyle 端柱式Prostyle 列柱式Peripteral 围柱式Colonnade 柱廊Portico 带圆柱的门廊Sanctuary 圣地Delphi 得尔斐（阿波罗圣地）Olympia 奥林匹亚（宙斯圣地）Acropolis, Athens 雅典，卫城（雅典娜圣地）The Propylaea 雅典卫城山门Parthenon 帕提农神庙Temple of Erechtheum 伊瑞克提翁神庙Temple of Nike 胜利神庙Space / Place 空间 / 地方，场所View 景观Environment 环境Sculpture 雕塑Statue 雕像Outside / Exterior Space 外部空间Explain 诠释Code 译码Ancient Rome 古罗马753B.C. Rome City Founded, Kingdom 罗马建城，王政510 B.C. Republic30 B.C. Empire 帝国395 A .D. Divide 分裂476 A .D. End of Western Empire 西罗马灭亡Latin People 拉丁民族Brothers of Romulus and Remus 罗慕洛和雷蒙兄弟Senate 元老院Consul 执政官Julius Caesar 尤利乌斯 ? 凯撒Dictator 独裁者Augustus 奥古斯都（罗马皇帝）Province 行省Roman Pace 罗马和平Citizen, Non-Citizen Provincial, Barbarians 公民，非公民各省人，蛮族Learn From Greek while Keep Tradition 维持传统又借鉴希腊Cross Axes 交叉轴Cardo (The Axis of the world) 南北轴线（大道）名称（基本方位）Decumans (The Direction of the Sun Going Along) 东西轴线（大道）名称（太阳走向）Boundary 界面Internal / Interior Space 内部空间Arched Structure 拱券结构Volcanic Ash 火山灰Pozzolana Cement 火山灰水泥Natural Concrete 天然混凝土Impost 拱肩Voussoir (Wedge-Shaped Stone) 楔形石Key Stone 拱心石Barrel Vault 筒形拱Dome 穹隆Semi-Dome 半穹Cross Vault 十字拱Pier 柱墩Roman orders 罗马柱式Toscan 塔斯干Composition 组合式柱式，构图Ornamental Element 装饰性要素Attached (Half) Column 壁柱Detached Column 倚柱Pilaster 方壁柱Arcade 连拱廊Superimposed Orders 叠柱式Joint Point 节点Dividing 划分Garrison （罗马）营寨Forum （罗马）广场Triumphal Arch 凯旋门Basilica 罗马类似法庭、祠堂、会堂的建筑Anphitheatre 角斗场Thermae 浴场Forum of Trajan 图拉真广场Colosseum, Rome 罗马大角斗场Pantheon, Rome 罗马万神庙Thermae of Caracalla 卡拉卡拉浴场Christianity 基督教1cent. A.D.~3cent.. A.D. Rising of Christianity 基督教形成313 A .D. Legalizing in Rome4cent. A.D. Early Christian Time 早期基督教时代（罗马帝国晚期）Christian 基督徒Bible （ The old / new Testament ）圣经（新 / 旧约）Judaism （ Jew ）犹太教（犹太人）Judea （ A Province of Rome ） , Palestine, Israel 犹太（罗马行省），巴勒斯坦，以色列Jehovah, The God 耶和华，神Monotheism 一神教Jesus Christ 耶稣基督（救世主）Adam and Eve 亚当，夏娃The Garden of Eden 伊甸园The Original Sin 原罪Temporary world 暂时的世界Paradise （ Heaven ）天堂Hell 地狱Last Judgment 最后的审判Baptism 洗礼Roman Catholic Church, 天主教（罗马公教）Pope, Cardinal, Bishop, Priest, Monk 教皇，红衣主教，主教，神父Eastern Orthodox Church 东正教Protestantism 新教Scholasticism 经院哲学Byzantine Empire 拜占庭帝国395~1453 East Rome 东罗马6~7cent. Flourish Time 盛期Dome over Square Plan 穹窿覆盖方形平面Squinch 抹角拱Pendentive 帆拱Drum 鼓座Mosaic 马赛克Middle Ages （ Medieval ） Europe 中世纪476.~9cent Dark ages 黑暗年代9 cent ~12cent. Rising of Feudal Orders 封建社会建立Romanesque 罗马风（罗蔓）12 cent ~15cent. Flourishing Time of The Middle Ages 中世纪盛期Gothic 哥特（高直）Feudal Society 封建社会King 国王Vassal / Noble （ Duke, Marquis, Count, Viscount, Baron ）贵族 / 诸侯（公侯伯子男爵）Knight 骑士，爵士Fief （ Feoff ）， Manor, 采邑，封地Peasant 农民Citizen 市民Merchant 工匠Craftsman 商人City Council 城市议会Monastery (Monk) / Convent (Nun) 修道院（士） / 女修道院（女）Cloister 廊院Castle 城堡Moat 城壕Bailey 城廓Turret 碉楼Keep 城堡主楼Church 教堂Cathedral 主（大）教堂Chapel 小教堂，教堂附属的礼拜堂Basilica Church 巴西利卡式教堂Nave 中厅Aisle 侧廊Choir 唱诗班席Apse, East End, Sanctuary 半圆殿，东端，圣殿Alter 圣坛Atrium （ courtyard ）前院Narthex 望道廊Fountain 水盘（喷泉）Campanile （独立的）钟塔Rhythm 节奏，韵律Latin Cross Basilica Cathedral 拉丁十字巴西利卡主教堂（ Bell ） Tower 塔（钟）Transept 耳堂（横厅）Roman Semi-circular Arch 罗马式半圆拱Thrust 侧推力Pier 柱墩Bay （通常由四柱形成的）间Arched Porch 拱门Buttress 扶壁Vertical Mass 竖向体量Pisa Cathedral 比萨大教堂Gothic Cathedral 哥特式主教堂Ribbed Arch 肋架拱Pointed Arch 尖拱Flying Buttress 飞扶壁Skeleton （ Framework ）骨架Clustered （ Moulded ） Pier 集束柱（带竖线脚的柱墩）Pinnacle 小尖塔Canopy 华盖Pointed and Vertical Element 尖的和竖向的元素Stained Glass 彩色玻璃窗Rose Window 玫瑰窗Space with Two Leading Direction 双重导向Carved Architecture 雕琢的建筑Art of light 光的艺术Symbolize of Holly Trees 神圣树林的象征Charter Cathedral 夏尔特主教堂Notre Dame, Pame 巴黎圣母院Reims Cathedral 韩斯主教堂City Hall 市政厅Guild Building 行会大厦Half-Timber Building 半露木结构建筑Renaissance 文艺复兴Italy 意大利15cent. Early Renaissance, Florence 早期文艺复兴，佛洛伦萨16cent. High Renaissance, Rome 盛期文艺复兴，罗马Other Europe countries 欧洲其他国家16cent.~17cent. Renaissance 文艺复兴Dante (1265~1321), The Divine 但丁，神曲Petrarch (1304~1374), 彼得拉克Boccaccio (1313~1375), Decameron 薄茄丘，十日谈Da Vinci 达芬奇Michelangelo 米开朗基罗Raphael 拉斐尔Handcraft Industry 手工业Trade 商业Banking 银行业Rich City-states 富裕的城市国家Capitalist Way of Production 资本主义生产方式Bourgeoisie 资产阶级Free Intellectuals 自由知识分子New upper Class 新的上层阶级Humanism 人文主义Right of Seeking New Knowledge Freely 寻求新知识Enjoying Elegant Life Freely 享受优雅生活Fighting against Medieval Religious Ideas 同中世纪宗教观念斗争Remained Books / Historical Remains / Arabs 古代书籍，历史遗迹，阿拉伯人Rediscovering Ancient Greece and Rome 重新发现古代希腊罗马Rebirth of Classical Culture 古典文化再生New Ideas about The God and Human being 关于神和人的新观念Human Body / Model of Universe 人体 /宇宙的模型A Combination of Science, Humanism and Christian Ideas 科学、人文主义同基督教观念的结合The Dome of Florence Cathedral 佛洛伦萨大教堂穹顶Brunelleschi 布鲁乃列斯基Octagon (al) 八边形（的）Pointed Ribbed Dome 肋架尖穹Lantern 采光亭Centralized Plan 集中式平面Classical Principle / Reason / Rational Spirit 古典原则 / 理性 / 理性精神Detail 细部Trace of Medieval 中世纪痕迹Vivid Living World 生动的生活世界Foundling Hospital, Florence 佛洛伦萨育婴院Bazzi Chapel 巴奇礼拜堂S. Marco School 圣马可学校Palazzo Medici 美第奇府Palazzo Venderamimii 文特拉米尼府Royal Court and Church 宫廷和教会Supporter and Protector of Art 艺术的支持与保护者Noble Knowledge and Rules 高贵的知识和法则Monumental Form 纪念性的（庄严的）形式Alberty, Ten Books on Architecture 阿尔伯蒂，《论建筑》（英译建筑十书）Palladio 帕拉第奥，《建筑四书》Bramante 伯拉孟特Tempietto 坦比埃多小教堂Palazzo Farnefei 法尔尼斯府Villa Rotonda 圆厅别墅Basilica, Vicenza 维琴察巴西利卡S. Marco library 圣马可图书馆S. Peter's, Rome 罗马圣彼得大教堂Greek Cross 希腊十字France Renaissance and Classicism 法国文艺复兴与古典主义The Second Half of 15cent. ~ The. . . ... ..s . ..beginning of 16cent.Early Renaissance 早期文艺复兴 The Middle of 16cent. ~ The Middle of 17cent.High Renaissance 盛期文艺复兴The Second Half of 17cent. ~ The beginning of 18cent. Classicism 古典主义Absolute Monarchy 君主专制（绝对君权）Modern National Country 民族国家Empiricism 经验主义F. Bacon 培根Rationalism 理性主义R. Descartes 笛卡尔Mathematical and Geometric Rules 数学与几何规则Chateau 宫堡，贵族府邸 Mansart Roof 孟沙式屋顶Chateau De Chambord 尚堡 The Louver 卢佛尔宫The East Front of The Louver 卢佛尔宫东立面Versailles 凡尔赛宫 Petit Trianon 小特里阿农宫Baroque 巴洛克The End of 16cent.~The First Half of 18cent.Arc 弧线Segment 扇形Oval Plane 椭圆平面Concave and Convex 凹凸Colored Sculpture 彩色雕塑Perspective Fresco 透视壁画Flowing Space 流动空间 Plastic Architecture 塑性建筑。
古埃及英文介绍
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
King Tutankhamon
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Ramses II
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Papyrus Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class Homes
Peasant Homes
Scenes of ncient Egyptian Beer
in the Afterlife
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
The Valley of the Kings
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Egyptian Creation Myth
埃及介绍英文版
埃及介绍英文版Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 77.4 million[1] live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable agricultural land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely-populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx. The southern city of Luxor contains numerous ancient artifacts, such as the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings. Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East.Egypt possesses one of the most developed economies in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and service at almost equal rates in national production.[citation needed] Consequently, the Egyptian economy is rapidly developing, due in part to legislation aimed at luring investments, coupled with both internal and political stability, along with recent trade and market liberalization.埃及，全称阿拉伯埃及共和国，是东北非洲人口最多的国家，面积为1,020,000平方公里，人口已超过8000万。
埃及英语介绍
图坦卡蒙（十八代 王朝法老
• (30 BC - 639 AD), the Roman and Byzantine（拜占庭） took
control of Egypt .Rome conquest of Egypt.But from the beginning of the 59 years BC, Egypt is actually the protectorate in Rome.
The most famous Cairo's sights is the pyramids.
By watching these next pictures you will fee. l his artistic atmosphere. Cairo has
been the most important arts center in the Islamic world for a thousand years 。
• The world's longest river Nile through Egypt from south
to north, known as Egypt's "river of life." The formation of the narrow Nile Valley and into the sea to form the delta, is Egypt's most fertile regions.
Egypt
four aspects to introduce Egypt
• 1,History
• 2,an overview of the state( geography
climate ,population)
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• The ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile first waterfall refers to the delta area, time limit of breaking the tower for 5,000 years BC pizza culture to the Arab conquest in 641 the history of Egypt.
• Egypt was written by the ideographic symbol, table notes number and limited symbols three department constitutes. • Ideographic symbol is the meaning of words with graphic representation, the characteristic is graphic and meaning has close relationship. • Watch the words, more notes pronunciation, made expressing phonetic values. • Limit in table notes symbol is purely dare coupled with a new graphic symbol, placed the tries to show that the word ends which things category. Limited symbols itself not pronounced. Note the ideographic symbol, table, and limited symbols can be combined, appropriate form a complete sentence.
Civilization
Mural
The Nile
Pyramid
Thank You!
Words
Religion
• Religion is the ancient Egyptian culture, the most important part of throughout the history of ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt's most important religious center has four: estranged Mr Annapolis, Memphis, hull the Anห้องสมุดไป่ตู้apolis and Thebes.
Mummy
• The ancient Egyptians believe after death, the soul is never die, will still be dependent on the body or statue, so, after the death of the pharaohs, etc, all of the dead made mummy, as living or dead with sesame oil coating method, and anticorrosive in ancient Egyptian mummy is the most famous. The ancient egyptians used anticorrosive spices mortuary expects and deep hidden corpse again.
1. the former dynasty (about 2686 years) 2 . early dynasty (about 2686-2181 years) before 3. ancient dynasty (about 2181 - before 2040) 4. first middle period (approximately former 2040-1786) 5. in dynasty (about former 1786 - in 1567) 6. the second middle period; (approximately former 1786 in 1567) 7. the new dynasty (about former 1567-1085 years) 8. about dynasty (former 1085-332 years) 9. Macedonian Greek and Roman dominion (642 years BC 332 - A.D.)
The ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile first waterfall refers to the delta area, time limit of breaking the tower for 5,000 years BC pizza culture to the Arab conquest in 641 the history of Egypt. Experts discussed the ancient Egyptian culture actual time limits, BC south and north Egypt in 24:15311536 the first joint, the kingdom in the kingdom of Macedonia A.D. 332 Ptolemaic dynasty occupation of Egypt, Alexander, i.e. collapse usually say of diachronic 3,000 years of pharaoh dynasty.