力学专业 英语词汇
流体力学英语专业词汇
流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform flow非均匀流 nonuniform flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow 浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter 几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number 前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex气动中心 aerodynamic center气动力 aerodynamic force气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating离解 dissociation地面效应 ground effect气体动力学 gas dynamics稀疏波 rarefaction wave热状态方程 thermal equation of state 喷管 Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流 Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体 compressible fluid绝热流 adiabatic flow非绝热流 diabatic flow未扰动流 undisturbed flow等熵流 isentropic flow匀熵流 homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件 Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程 equation of state量热状态方程 caloric equation of state完全气体 perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle马赫角 Mach angle马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line马赫数 Mach number马赫波 Mach wave当地马赫数 local Mach number冲击波 shock wave激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave斜激波 oblique shock wave头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave激波阵面 shock front激波层 shock layer压缩波 compression wave反射 reflection折射 refraction散射 scattering衍射 diffraction绕射 diffraction出口压力 exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压 back pressure爆炸 explosion爆轰 detonation缓燃 deflagration水动力学 hydrodynamics液体动力学 hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性 Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave斯托克斯波 Stokes wave瑞利数 Rayleigh number自由面 free surface波速 wave speed, wave velocity 波高 wave height波列 wave train波群 wave group波能 wave energy表面波 surface wave表面张力波 capillary wave规则波 regular wave不规则波 irregular wave浅水波 shallow water wave深水波 deep water wave重力波 gravity wave椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave潮波 tidal wave涌波 surge wave破碎波 breaking wave船波 ship wave非线性波 nonlinear wave孤立子 soliton水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise 水击 water hammer空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage超空化流 supercavitating flow水翼 hydrofoil水力学 hydraulics洪水波 flood wave涟漪 ripple消能 energy dissipation海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数 Euler number弗劳德数 Froude number水力半径 hydraulic radius水力坡度 hvdraulic slope高度水头 elevating head水头损失 head loss水位 water level水跃 hydraulic jump含水层 aquifer排水 drainage排放量 discharge壅水曲线 back water curve压[强水]头 pressure head过水断面 flow cross-section明槽流 open channel flow孔流 orifice flow无压流 free surface flow有压流 pressure flow缓流 subcritical flow急流 supercritical flow渐变流 gradually varied flow急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow异重流 density current, gravity flow堰流 weir flow掺气流 aerated flow含沙流 sediment-laden stream降水曲线 dropdown curve沉积物 sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition沉降速度 settling velocity流动稳定性 flow stability不稳定性 instability奥尔-索末菲方程 Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程 vorticity equation泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow奥辛流 Oseen flow剪切流 shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流 laminar flow分离流 separated flow二次流 secondary flow近场流 near field flow远场流 far field flow滞止流 stagnation flow尾流 wake [flow]回流 back flow反流 reverse flow射流 jet自由射流 free jet管流 pipe flow, tube flow内流 internal flow拟序结构 coherent structure 猝发过程 bursting process表观粘度 apparent viscosity 运动粘性 kinematic viscosity 动力粘性 dynamic viscosity 泊 poise厘泊 centipoise厘沱 centistoke剪切层 shear layer次层 sublayer流动分离 flow separation层流分离 laminar separation湍流分离 turbulent separation分离点 separation point附着点 attachment point再附 reattachment再层流化 relaminarization起动涡 starting vortex驻涡 standing vortex涡旋破碎 vortex breakdown涡旋脱落 vortex shedding压[力]降 pressure drop压差阻力 pressure drag压力能 pressure energy型阻 profile drag滑移速度 slip velocity无滑移条件 non-slip condition壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度 friction velocity磨擦损失 friction loss磨擦因子 friction factor耗散 dissipation滞后 lag相似性解 similar solution局域相似 local similarity气体润滑 gas lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体 slurry泰勒数 Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid边界层理论 boundary later theory边界层方程 boundary layer equation边界层 boundary layer附面层 boundary layer层流边界层 laminar boundary layer湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer温度边界层 thermal boundary layer边界层转捩 boundary layer transition边界层分离 boundary layer separation边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness动量厚度 momentum thickness能量厚度 energy thickness焓厚度 enthalpy thickness注入 injection吸出 suction泰勒涡 Taylor vortex速度亏损律 velocity defect law形状因子 shape factor测速法 anemometry粘度测定法 visco[si] metry流动显示 flow visualization油烟显示 oil smoke visualization孔板流量计 orifice meter频率响应 frequency response油膜显示 oil film visualization阴影法 shadow method纹影法 schlieren method烟丝法 smoke wire method丝线法 tuft method氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method相似理论 similarity theory相似律 similarity law部分相似 partial similarity定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准 static calibration动态校准 dynamic calibration风洞 wind tunnel激波管 shock tube激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel 水洞 water tunnel拖曳水池 towing tank旋臂水池 rotating arm basin扩散段 diffuser测压孔 pressure tap皮托管 pitot tube普雷斯顿管 preston tube斯坦顿管 Stanton tube文丘里管 Venturi tubeU形管 U-tube压强计 manometer微压计 micromanometer多管压强计 multiple manometer静压管 static [pressure]tube流速计 anemometer风速管 Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer流量计 flow meter粘度计 visco[si] meter涡量计 vorticity meter传感器 transducer, sensor压强传感器 pressure transducer热敏电阻 thermistor示踪物 tracer时间线 time line脉线 streak line尺度效应 scale effect壁效应 wall effect堵塞 blockage堵寒效应 blockage effect动态响应 dynamic response响应频率 response frequency底压 base pressure菲克定律 Fick law巴塞特力 Basset force埃克特数 Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number努塞特数 Nusselt number普朗特数 prandtl number雷诺比拟 Reynolds analogy施密特数 schmidt number斯坦顿数 Stanton number对流 convection自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流 forced convection热对流 heat convection质量传递 mass transfer传质系数 mass transfer coefficient热量传递 heat transfer传热系数 heat transfer coefficient对流传热 convective heat transfer辐射传热 radiative heat transfer动量交换 momentum transfer能量传递 energy transfer传导 conduction热传导 conductive heat transfer热交换 heat exchange临界热通量 critical heat flux浓度 concentration扩散 diffusion扩散性 diffusivity扩散率 diffusivity扩散速度 diffusion velocity分子扩散 molecular diffusion沸腾 boiling蒸发 evaporation气化 gasification凝结 condensation成核 nucleation计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem伯格斯方程 Burgers equation对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equationKDU方程 KDV equation修正微分方程 modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟 numerical simulation大涡模拟 large eddy simulation数值粘性 numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性 nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析 Hirt stability analysis相容条件 consistency conditionCFL条件 Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件 Dirichletboundarycondition熵条件 entropy condition远场边界条件 far field boundary condition流入边界条件 inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件 numerical boundary condition流出边界条件 outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件 von Neumann condition近似因子分解法 approximate factorization method人工压缩 artificial compression人工粘性 artificial viscosity边界元法 boundary element method配置方法 collocation method能量法 energy method有限体积法 finite volume method流体网格法 fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法 flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法 flux vector splitting method伽辽金法 Galerkin method积分方法 integral method标记网格法 marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法 method of characteristics直线法 method of lines矩量法 moment method多重网格法 multi- grid method板块法 panel method质点网格法 particle in cell method, PIC method 质点法 particle method预估校正法 predictor-corrector method投影法 projection method准谱法 pseudo-spectral method随机选取法 random choice method激波捕捉法 shock-capturing method激波拟合法 shock-fitting method谱方法 spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法 split coefficient matrix method 不定常法 time-dependent method时间分步法 time splitting method变分法 variational method涡方法 vortex method隐格式 implicit scheme显格式 explicit scheme交替方向隐格式 alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式 anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式 compact difference scheme守恒差分格式 conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式 Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式 Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式 exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式 Godunov scheme高分辨率格式 high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式 Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式 leap-frog scheme单调差分格式 monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式 monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式 Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式 semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式 total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域 computational domain物理区域 physical domain影响域 domain of influence依赖域 domain of dependence区域分解 domain decomposition维数分解 dimensional split物理解 physical solution弱解 weak solution黎曼解算子 Riemann solver守恒型 conservation form弱守恒型 weak conservation form强守恒型 strong conservation form散度型 divergence form贴体曲线坐标 body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [自]适应网格 [self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成 adaptive grid generation自动网格生成 automatic grid generation数值网格生成 numerical grid generation交错网格 staggered mesh网格雷诺数 cell Reynolds number数植扩散 numerical diffusion数值耗散 numerical dissipation数值色散 numerical dispersion数值通量 numerical flux放大因子 amplification factor放大矩阵 amplification matrix阻尼误差 damping error离散涡 discrete vortex熵通量 entropy flux熵函数 entropy function分步法 fractional step method。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇（全）1. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢程度。
2. Angular Momentum（角动量）：物体旋转运动中的一种守恒量。
3. Buoyancy（浮力）：液体或气体对浸入其中的物体产生的向上推力。
4. Capacitance（电容）：电容器储存电荷的能力。
5. Conductivity（电导率）：物质导电能力的强弱。
6. Current（电流）：电荷的流动。
7. Density（密度）：单位体积内物质的质量。
8. Electric Field（电场）：带电物体周围空间对其他带电物体产生力的区域。
9. Energy（能量）：物体做功或传递热量的能力。
10. Force（力）：物体间的相互作用，使物体发生形变或改变运动状态。
11. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数。
12. Gravity（重力）：地球对物体的吸引力。
13. Impulse（冲量）：力在一段时间内对物体的作用效果。
14. Inductance（电感）：线圈产生磁场的能力。
15. Inertia（惯性）：物体保持原有运动状态不变的性质。
16. Kinetic Energy（动能）：物体因运动而具有的能量。
17. Magnetism（磁性）：物质在磁场中表现出的性质。
18. Momentum（动量）：物体运动状态的量度，等于质量与速度的乘积。
19. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）：电流、电压和电阻之间的关系。
20. Potential Energy（势能）：物体因位置或状态而具有的能量。
21. Power（功率）：单位时间内完成的功。
22. Pressure（压强）：单位面积上受到的力。
23. Resistance（电阻）：电流在电路中流动时遇到的阻碍。
24. Scalar（标量）：只有大小，没有方向的物理量。
25. Speed（速度）：物体单位时间内移动的距离。
力学英语词汇
free-body diagram 受力图描述分离体所受力的图。
center of gravity 重心
specific gravity， specific weight 比重
density 密度
statically determinate 静定
statically indeterminate 超静定
equivalent force system 等效力系
rigid body 刚体
transmissibilபைடு நூலகம்ty of force 力的可传性
parallelogram rule 平行四边形定则
force triangle 力三角形
force polygon 力多边形
null-force system 零力系
principal moment 主矩
torque 转矩
force screw 力螺旋
acting force 作用力
reacting force 反作用力
reaction at support 支座反力
friction force 摩擦力
kinetic friction 动摩擦
fixed vector 固定矢量
free vector 自由矢[量]
sliding vector 滑移矢量
principle of rigidization 刚化原理
Varignon theorem 伐里农定理
funicular polygon 索多边形
bearing 轴承
moment of force 力矩
moment of couple 力偶矩
工程力学常见专业英语词汇总结
空间变量spatial variations
直径diameter
半径radius
必要条件prerequisite
充分条件sufficient condition
质量守恒conservation of mass
动量守恒conservation of momentum
静定问题statically determinate problems
超静定问题statically indeterminate problem
轴向荷载axial load
均布荷载uniform distribution load
集中荷载concentrated load
冲击荷载shock loading
机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy
能量守恒conservation of energy
守恒定律law of conservation
摩擦friction
内摩擦角friction angle
水平面horizontal plane
假想平面imaginary plane
相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes
平面外法向outward normal to the plane
前言preface
后记postscript
附录appendix
连续介质continuousmedium
非连续介质discontinuous medium
周围介质surroundingmedium
气体静力学aerostatics
气体动力学aerodynamics
变形量the amount of deformation
工程力学专业英语_词汇
1．Energy Release Rate: 能量释放率2．Brittle Material: 脆性材料3．Strain Energy: 应变能4．Ductile Matetrial 韧性材料5．Strength Criterion: 强度判据/强度准则6．Crack tip 裂纹顶端7．Homogeneous 各向同性8．Principle of Virtual Work: 虚功原理9．Time-Dependent Deformation: 时间相关变形10．Fatigue in Metals: 金属的疲劳11．damage and Fracture 损伤与断裂12 . stress concentration ．应力集中13. crack propagation 裂纹传播14．stress intensity factor 应力强度因子15．brittle fracture 脆性断裂16．ductile fracture 韧性断裂17．Fatigue life 疲劳寿命18．creep deformation 蠕变变形19．plastic deformation 塑性变形20．constitutive relationship 本构关系31. longitudinal 纵向32. transverse 横向33. horizontal 水平的34 . resistance 抵抗力35. ultimate 终极的36. isotropic 各向同性37. deviatoric 偏量的38. assumption 假设39. bind 结合40. blunt 钝的41 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS 断裂韧性42 POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 多晶体材料43 Single Crystalline materials 单晶体材料43 AMORPHOUS MATERIALS 非晶态材料44 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 晶体结构45 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 线弹性断裂力学46 theory of elasticity 弹性理论47 homogeneous state of stress 均匀应力状态48 stress invariant 应力不变量49 strain invariant 应变不变量50 strain ellipsoid 应变椭球51 homogeneous state of strain 均匀应变状态52 equation of strain compatibility 应变协调方程accumulated damage累积损伤brittle damage脆性损伤ductile damage延性损伤macroscopic damage宏观损伤microscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤damage criterion损伤准则damage evolution equation损伤演化方程damage softening损伤软化damage strengthening损伤强化damage tensor损伤张量damage thresh old损伤阈值damage variable损伤变量damage vector损伤矢量damage zone损伤区Fatigue疲劳low cycle fatigue低周疲劳stress fatigue应力疲劳random fatigue随机疲劳creep fatigue蠕变疲劳corrosion fatigue腐蚀疲劳fatigue damage疲劳损伤fatigue failure疲劳失效fatigue fracture疲劳断裂fatigue crack疲劳裂纹fatigue life疲劳寿命fatigue rupture疲劳破坏fatigue strength疲劳强度fatigue striations疲劳辉纹fatigue threshold疲劳阈值alternating load交变载荷alternating stress交变应力stress amplitude应力幅值strain fatigue应变疲劳stress cycle应力循环stress ratio应力比safe life安全寿命overloading effect过载效应cyclic hardening循环硬化cyclic softening循环软化environmental effect环境效应crack gage裂纹片crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹扩展crack initiation裂纹萌生。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇（全）1. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢程度，通常用符号a表示。
2. Amplitude（振幅）：振动或波动中，最大位移与平衡位置之间的距离。
3. Angular velocity（角速度）：物体旋转角度的变化率，通常用符号ω表示。
4. Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由原子核和核外电子组成。
5. Capacitance（电容）：电容器存储电荷的能力，通常用符号C 表示。
6. Current（电流）：电荷的流动，通常用符号I表示。
7. Density（密度）：单位体积内物质的质量，通常用符号ρ表示。
8. Energy（能量）：物体做功或传递热量的能力，通常用符号E 表示。
9. Force（力）：物体间的相互作用，使物体发生形变或改变运动状态。
10. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数，通常用符号f表示。
11. Gravity（重力）：地球或其他天体对物体施加的吸引力，使物体朝向天体中心加速。
12. Impulse（冲量）：力在一段时间内对物体的作用，等于力与作用时间的乘积。
13. Inertia（惯性）：物体保持原有运动状态（静止或匀速直线运动）的性质。
14. Kinetic energy（动能）：物体由于运动而具有的能量，与物体的质量和速度有关。
15. Magnetic field（磁场）：描述磁力作用的空间区域，通常用符号B表示。
16. Momentum（动量）：物体的质量与其速度的乘积，是物体运动状态的量度。
17. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）：电流、电压和电阻之间的关系，表述为V=IR。
18. Potential energy（势能）：物体由于位置或状态而具有的能量。
19. Power（功率）：单位时间内做功的多少，通常用符号P表示。
20. Pressure（压力）：单位面积上受到的力，通常用符号P表示。
这些词汇是物理学中的基石，它们帮助我们描述和理解自然界中的各种现象。
固体力学英语词汇
弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫-穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media 热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics 格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance。
流体力学专业英语词汇
流体力学专业词汇(V ocabulary of Fluid Mechanics )CHAPTER-1acceleration 加速度average velocity 平均速度Bernoulli 伯努力boundary layer 边界层calculus 微积分coefficient of viscosity 粘性系数compressible(incompressible) (不)可压的conservation of mass(momentum, energy) 质量(动量,能量)守恒continuum 连续介质control-volume 控制体density(mass per unit volume) 密度differential 微分dimension 量刚尺度dynamics 动力学Euler 欧拉eulerian (lagrangian) method of description欧拉(拉格郎日)观点，方法field of flow 流场flow pattern 流型（谱）fluid mechanics 流体力学function 函数inertia 惯性, 惯量integral 积分kinematics 运动学kinetic (potential, internal) energy 动(势,内)能Lagrange 拉格郎日liquid 流体Newtonian fluids 牛顿流体(non)linear (非)线性(non)uniform （非）均匀one-dimensional 一维pathline 迹线perfect-gas law 理想气体定律pressure 压力压强Reynolds 雷诺shear(normal) stress 剪(正)应力solution 解答statics 静力学steady(unsteady) (非)定常strain 应变streamline(tube) 流线(管)thermal conductivity 热传导thermodynamics 热力学variable 变量vector 矢量velocity distribution 速度分布velocity field 速度场velocity gradient 速度梯度viscous(inviscid) (无)粘性的volume rate of flow 体积流量CHAPTER -2absolute (gage,vacuum) pressure 绝对（表，真空）压力area moment of inertia 惯性面积矩atmospheric pressure 大气压力barometer 气压计body force 体力Cartesian [rectangular] coordinates 直角坐标（系）centroid 质心elliptic 椭圆的equilibrium 平衡horizontal 水平的hydrostatic 水静力学，流体静力学hyperbolic 双曲线的mercury 水银moment 矩parabolic 抛物线plane (curved) surface 平（曲）面plate 板pressure center 压力中心pressure distribution(gradient) 压力分布（梯度）reservoir 水库rigid-body 刚体scalar 标量specific weight 比重surface force 表面力vertical 垂直的, 直立的CHAPTER -3Bernoulli equation 伯努力方程Boundaries 边界Conservation of mass 质量Control volume 控制体Energy(hydraulic) grade line 能级线Flux 流率Free body 隔离体Heat transfer 热传到Imaginary 假想Inlet, outlet 进、出口Integrand 被积函数Jet flow 射流Linear(Angular)-momentum relation 线（角）动量关系式Momentum(energy)-flux 动量（能量）流量Net force 合力No slip 无滑移Nozzle 喷嘴Rate of work 功率Reynolds transport theorem 雷诺输运定理Shaft work 轴功Stagnation enthalpy 制止焓Surroundings 外围System 体系Time derivative 时间导数Vector sum 矢量合Venturi tube 文图里管V olume(mass) flow 体积（质量）流量V olume(mass) rate of flow体积（质量）流率CHAPTER -4Soomth 平滑Laminar 层流Transition 转捩Roughness 粗糙度Random fluctuations 随机脉动Reynolds number 雷诺数（Re）Instability 不稳定性Breakdown 崩溃Mean value 平均值Drag 阻力Osborne ReynoldsDye filament 染色丝Internal (external) flow 内(外)流Cartesian 笛卡坐标Infinitesimal 无限小local acceleration 当地加速度dot product 点乘total derivative 全导数convective acceleration 对流加速度substantial(material) derivative 随体(物质)导数operator 算子partial differential equation 偏微分方程Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Navier-Stokes Equations N-S方程Second-order 二阶Similarity 相似Nondimensionalization 无量纲化Flat-plate boundary layer 平板边界层Thermal conductivity 热传导Heat flow 热流量Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Couette Flow 库塔流动Channel 槽道Parallel plates 平行平板Pressure gradient 压力梯度No-slip condition 无滑移条件Poiseuille flow 伯肖叶流动Parabola 抛物线Wall shear stress 壁面剪应力Prandtl 普朗特Karman 卡门Momentum-integral relation 动量积分关系Momentum thickness 动量厚度Skin-friction coefficient 壁面摩擦系数Displacement thickness 排移厚度Blasius equation 布拉修斯方程Coordinate transformation 坐标变换Composite dimensionless variable 组合无量纲变量Shape factor 形状因子Velocity profile 速度剖面流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving difference scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics 简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differential type积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutive relations共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test 三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength 循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength 残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance 渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect贯入阻力penetration resistance沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics 非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics 空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation。
流体力学英语词汇
流体力学英语词汇acceleration 加速度average velocity 平均速度Bernoulli 伯努力boundary layer 边界层calculus 微积分coefficient of viscosity 粘性系数compressible(incompressible) (不)可压的conservation of mass(momentum, energy) 质量(动量,能量)守恒continuum 连续介质control-volume 控制体density(mass per unit volume) 密度differential 微分dimension 量刚尺度dynamics 动力学Euler 欧拉eulerian (lagrangian) method of description欧拉(拉格郎日)观点,方法field of flow 流场flow pattern 流型(谱)fluid mechanics 流体力学function 函数inertia 惯性, 惯量integral 积分kinematics 运动学kinetic (potential, internal) energy 动(势,内)能Lagrange 拉格郎日liquid 流体Newtonian fluids 牛顿流体(non)linear (非)线性(non)uniform (非)均匀one-dimensional 一维pathline 迹线perfect-gas law 理想气体定律pressure 压力压强Reynolds 雷诺shear(normal) stress 剪(正)应力solution 解答statics 静力学steady(unsteady) (非)定常strain 应变streamline(tube) 流线(管)thermal conductivity 热传导thermodynamics 热力学variable 变量vector 矢量velocity distribution 速度分布velocity field 速度场velocity gradient 速度梯度viscous(inviscid) (无)粘性的volume rate of flow 体积流量CHAPTER -2absolute (gage,vacuum) pressure 绝对(表,真空)压力area moment of inertia 惯性面积矩atmospheric pressure 大气压力barometer 气压计body force 体力Cartesian [rectangular] coordinates 直角坐标(系)centroid 质心elliptic 椭圆的equilibrium 平衡horizontal 水平的hydrostatic 水静力学,流体静力学hyperbolic 双曲线的mercury 水银moment 矩parabolic 抛物线plane (curved) surface 平(曲)面plate 板pressure center 压力中心pressure distribution(gradient) 压力分布(梯度) reservoir 水库rigid-body 刚体scalar 标量specific weight 比重surface force 表面力vertical 垂直的, 直立的CHAPTER -3Bernoulli equation 伯努力方程Boundaries 边界Conservation of mass 质量Control volume 控制体Energy(hydraulic) grade line 能级线Flux 流率Free body 隔离体Heat transfer 热传到Imaginary 假想Inlet, outlet 进,出口Integrand 被积函数Jet flow 射流Linear(Angular)-momentum relation 线(角)动量关系式Momentum(energy)-flux 动量(能量)流量Net force 合力No slip 无滑移Nozzle 喷嘴Rate of work 功率Reynolds transport theorem 雷诺输运定理Shaft work 轴功Stagnation enthalpy 制止焓Surroundings 外围System 体系Time derivative 时间导数Vector sum 矢量合Venturi tube 文图里管Volume(mass) flow 体积(质量)流量Volume(mass) rate of flow体积(质量)流率CHAPTER -4Soomth 平滑Laminar 层流Transition 转捩Roughness 粗糙度Random fluctuations 随机脉动Reynolds number 雷诺数(Re)Instability 不稳定性Breakdown 崩溃Mean value 平均值Drag 阻力Osborne ReynoldsDye filament 染色丝Internal (external) flow 内(外)流Cartesian 笛卡坐标Infinitesimal 无限小local acceleration 当地加速度dot product 点乘total derivative 全导数convective acceleration 对流加速度substantial(material) derivative 随体(物质)导数operator 算子partial differential equation 偏微分方程Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Navier-Stokes Equations N-S方程Second-order 二阶Similarity 相似Nondimensionalization 无量纲化Flat-plate boundary layer 平板边界层Thermal conductivity 热传导Heat flow 热流量Fourier's law 傅立叶定律Couette Flow 库塔流动Channel 槽道Parallel plates 平行平板Pressure gradient 压力梯度No-slip condition 无滑移条件Poiseuille flow 伯肖叶流动Parabola 抛物线Wall shear stress 壁面剪应力Prandtl 普朗特Karman 卡门Momentum-integral relation 动量积分关系Momentum thickness 动量厚度Skin-friction coefficient 壁面摩擦系数Displacement thickness 排移厚度Blasius equation 布拉修斯方程Coordinate transformation 坐标变换Composite dimensionless variable 组合无量纲变量Shape factor 形状因子Velocity profile 速度剖面流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform flow非均匀流 nonuniform flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter 几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number 前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex气动中心 aerodynamic center气动力 aerodynamic force气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating离解 dissociation地面效应 ground effect气体动力学 gas dynamics稀疏波 rarefaction wave热状态方程 thermal equation of state喷管 Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流 Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体 compressible fluid绝热流 adiabatic flow非绝热流 diabatic flow未扰动流 undisturbed flow等熵流 isentropic flow匀熵流 homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件 Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程 equation of state量热状态方程 caloric equation of state完全气体 perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle马赫角 Mach angle马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line马赫数 Mach number马赫波 Mach wave当地马赫数 local Mach number 冲击波 shock wave激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave斜激波 oblique shock wave头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave 激波阵面 shock front激波层 shock layer压缩波 compression wave反射 reflection折射 refraction散射 scattering衍射 diffraction绕射 diffraction出口压力 exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压 back pressure爆炸 explosion爆轰 detonation缓燃 deflagration水动力学 hydrodynamics液体动力学 hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性 Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave斯托克斯波 Stokes wave瑞利数 Rayleigh number自由面 free surface波速 wave speed, wave velocity 波高 wave height波列 wave train波群 wave group波能 wave energy表面波 surface wave表面张力波 capillary wave规则波 regular wave不规则波 irregular wave浅水波 shallow water wave深水波 deep water wave重力波 gravity wave椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave潮波 tidal wave涌波 surge wave破碎波 breaking wave船波 ship wave非线性波 nonlinear wave孤立子 soliton水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise 水击 water hammer空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage超空化流 supercavitating flow 水翼 hydrofoil水力学 hydraulics洪水波 flood wave涟漪 ripple消能 energy dissipation海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式 Chezy formula欧拉数 Euler number弗劳德数 Froude number水力半径 hydraulic radius水力坡度 hvdraulic slope高度水头 elevating head水头损失 head loss水位 water level水跃 hydraulic jump含水层 aquifer排水 drainage排放量 discharge壅水曲线 back water curve压[强水]头 pressure head过水断面 flow cross-section明槽流 open channel flow孔流 orifice flow无压流 free surface flow有压流 pressure flow缓流 subcritical flow急流 supercritical flow渐变流 gradually varied flow急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow异重流 density current, gravity flow 堰流 weir flow掺气流 aerated flow含沙流 sediment-laden stream降水曲线 dropdown curve沉积物 sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度 settling velocity流动稳定性 flow stability不稳定性 instability奥尔-索末菲方程 Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程 vorticity equation泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow奥辛流 Oseen flow剪切流 shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流 laminar flow分离流 separated flow二次流 secondary flow近场流 near field flow远场流 far field flow滞止流 stagnation flow尾流 wake [flow]回流 back flow反流 reverse flow射流 jet自由射流 free jet管流 pipe flow, tube flow内流 internal flow拟序结构 coherent structure 猝发过程 bursting process表观粘度 apparent viscosity 运动粘性 kinematic viscosity 动力粘性 dynamic viscosity泊 poise厘泊 centipoise厘沱 centistoke剪切层 shear layer次层 sublayer流动分离 flow separation层流分离 laminar separation 湍流分离 turbulent separation 分离点 separation point附着点 attachment point再附 reattachment再层流化 relaminarization起动涡 starting vortex驻涡 standing vortex涡旋破碎 vortex breakdown涡旋脱落 vortex shedding压[力]降 pressure drop压差阻力 pressure drag压力能 pressure energy型阻 profile drag滑移速度 slip velocity无滑移条件 non-slip condition壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度 friction velocity磨擦损失 friction loss磨擦因子 friction factor耗散 dissipation滞后 lag相似性解 similar solution局域相似 local similarity气体润滑 gas lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication浆体 slurry泰勒数 Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid边界层理论 boundary later theory边界层方程 boundary layer equation边界层 boundary layer附面层 boundary layer层流边界层 laminar boundary layer湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer温度边界层 thermal boundary layer边界层转捩 boundary layer transition边界层分离 boundary layer separation边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness本文来自: 恒星英语学习网() 详细出处参考：/word/sxwl/2009-01-26/66896.html动量厚度 momentum thickness能量厚度 energy thickness焓厚度 enthalpy thickness注入 injection吸出 suction泰勒涡 Taylor vortex速度亏损律 velocity defect law形状因子 shape factor测速法 anemometry粘度测定法 visco[si] metry流动显示 flow visualization油烟显示 oil smoke visualization孔板流量计 orifice meter频率响应 frequency response油膜显示 oil film visualization阴影法 shadow method纹影法 schlieren method烟丝法 smoke wire method丝线法 tuft method氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method相似理论 similarity theory相似律 similarity law部分相似 partial similarity定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准 static calibration动态校准 dynamic calibration风洞 wind tunnel激波管 shock tube激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel水洞 water tunnel拖曳水池 towing tank旋臂水池 rotating arm basin扩散段 diffuser测压孔 pressure tap皮托管 pitot tube普雷斯顿管 preston tube斯坦顿管 Stanton tube文丘里管 Venturi tubeU形管 U-tube压强计 manometer微压计 micromanometer多管压强计 multiple manometer静压管 static [pressure]tube流速计 anemometer风速管 Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer流量计 flow meter粘度计 visco[si] meter涡量计 vorticity meter传感器 transducer, sensor压强传感器 pressure transducer热敏电阻 thermistor示踪物 tracer时间线 time line脉线 streak line尺度效应 scale effect壁效应 wall effect堵塞 blockage堵寒效应 blockage effect动态响应 dynamic response响应频率 response frequency底压 base pressure菲克定律 Fick law巴塞特力 Basset force埃克特数 Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number努塞特数 Nusselt number普朗特数 prandtl number雷诺比拟 Reynolds analogy施密特数 schmidt number斯坦顿数 Stanton number对流 convection自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流 forced convection热对流 heat convection质量传递 mass transfer传质系数 mass transfer coefficient热量传递 heat transfer传热系数 heat transfer coefficient对流传热 convective heat transfer辐射传热 radiative heat transfer动量交换 momentum transfer能量传递 energy transfer传导 conduction热传导 conductive heat transfer热交换 heat exchange临界热通量 critical heat flux浓度 concentration扩散 diffusion扩散性 diffusivity扩散率 diffusivity扩散速度 diffusion velocity分子扩散 molecular diffusion沸腾 boiling蒸发 evaporation气化 gasification凝结 condensation成核 nucleation计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem伯格斯方程 Burgers equation对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equation KDU方程 KDV equation修正微分方程 modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟 numerical simulation大涡模拟 large eddy simulation数值粘性 numerical viscosity。
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)力学（Mechanics）1. Force（力）2. Acceleration（加速度）3. Momentum（动量）4. Kinetic Energy（动能）5. Potential Energy（势能）6. Gravity（重力）7. Friction（摩擦力）8. Torque（扭矩）9. Angular Momentum（角动量）10. Work（功）热学（Thermodynamics）11. Temperature（温度）12. Heat（热量）13. Internal Energy（内能）14. Entropy（熵）15. Boyle's Law（波义耳定律）16. Charles's Law（查理定律）17. GayLussac's Law（盖吕萨克定律）18. Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）19. First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）20. Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）电磁学（Electromagnetism）21. Electric Charge（电荷）22. Electric Field（电场）23. Magnetic Field（磁场）24. Current（电流）25. Voltage（电压）26. Resistance（电阻）27. Capacitance（电容）28. Inductance（电感）29. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）30. Ampère's Law（安培定律）光学（Optics）31. Light（光）32. Refraction（折射）33. Reflection（反射）34. Diffraction（衍射）35. Interference（干涉）36. Polarization（偏振）37. Lens（透镜）38. Prism（棱镜）39. Spectrum（光谱）40. Wave Optics（波动光学）现代物理（Modern Physics）41. Quantum Mechanics（量子力学）42. Relativity（相对论）43. Photon（光子）44. Electron（电子）45. Proton（质子）46. Neutron（中子）47. Quark（夸克）48. Black Hole（黑洞）49. Higgs Boson（希格斯玻色子）50. String Theory（弦理论）这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
流体力学专业英语词汇表
流体力学专业英语词汇表流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow 流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundarycondition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundarycondition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method。
流体力学专业英语词汇表
流体力学专业英语词汇表Last revision on 21 December 2020流体力学专业英语词汇表流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube 涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform flow非均匀流 nonuniform flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow 浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation 分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter 几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number 前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex气动中心 aerodynamic center气动力 aerodynamic force 气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating离解 dissociation地面效应 ground effect气体动力学 gas dynamics稀疏波 rarefaction wave热状态方程 thermal equation of state 喷管 Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流 Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体 compressible fluid绝热流 adiabatic flow非绝热流 diabatic flow未扰动流 undisturbed flow等熵流 isentropic flow匀熵流 homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件 Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程 equation of state量热状态方程 caloric equation of state完全气体 perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle马赫角 Mach angle马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line马赫数 Mach number马赫波 Mach wave当地马赫数 local Mach number冲击波 shock wave激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave斜激波 oblique shock wave头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave激波阵面 shock front 激波层 shock layer压缩波 compression wave反射 reflection折射 refraction散射 scattering衍射 diffraction绕射 diffraction出口压力 exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压 back pressure爆炸 explosion爆轰 detonation缓燃 deflagration水动力学 hydrodynamics液体动力学 hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性 Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave斯托克斯波 Stokes wave瑞利数 Rayleigh number自由面 free surface波速 wave speed, wave velocity 波高 wave height波列 wave train波群 wave group波能 wave energy表面波 surface wave表面张力波 capillary wave规则波 regular wave不规则波 irregular wave浅水波 shallow water wave深水波 deep water wave重力波 gravity wave椭圆余弦波 cnoidal wave潮波 tidal wave涌波 surge wave破碎波 breaking wave 船波 ship wave非线性波 nonlinear wave孤立子 soliton水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise水击 water hammer空化 cavitation空化数 cavitation number空蚀 cavitation damage超空化流 supercavitating flow水翼 hydrofoil水力学 hydraulics洪水波 flood wave涟漪 ripple消能 energy dissipation海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式 Chezy formula欧拉数 Euler number弗劳德数 Froude number水力半径 hydraulic radius 水力坡度 hvdraulic slope 高度水头 elevating head水头损失 head loss水位 water level水跃 hydraulic jump含水层 aquifer排水 drainage排放量 discharge壅水曲线 back water curve 压[强水]头 pressure head 过水断面 flow cross-section 明槽流 open channel flow 孔流 orifice flow无压流 free surface flow有压流 pressure flow缓流 subcritical flow急流 supercritical flow渐变流 gradually varied flow急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow异重流 density current, gravity flow堰流 weir flow掺气流 aerated flow含沙流 sediment-laden stream降水曲线 dropdown curve沉积物 sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition沉降速度 settling velocity流动稳定性 flow stability不稳定性 instability奥尔-索末菲方程 Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程 vorticity equation泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow奥辛流 Oseen flow剪切流 shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流 laminar flow分离流 separated flow二次流 secondary flow近场流 near field flow远场流 far field flow滞止流 stagnation flow尾流 wake [flow]回流 back flow反流 reverse flow射流 jet自由射流 free jet管流 pipe flow, tube flow内流 internal flow拟序结构 coherent structure 猝发过程 bursting process表观粘度 apparent viscosity 运动粘性 kinematic viscosity 动力粘性 dynamic viscosity 泊 poise厘泊 centipoise厘沱 centistoke剪切层 shear layer次层 sublayer流动分离 flow separation层流分离 laminar separation 湍流分离 turbulent separation 分离点 separation point附着点 attachment point再附 reattachment再层流化 relaminarization起动涡 starting vortex驻涡 standing vortex涡旋破碎 vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落 vortex shedding压[力]降 pressure drop压差阻力 pressure drag压力能 pressure energy型阻 profile drag滑移速度 slip velocity无滑移条件 non-slip condition壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度 friction velocity磨擦损失 friction loss磨擦因子 friction factor耗散 dissipation滞后 lag相似性解 similar solution局域相似 local similarity气体润滑 gas lubrication液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication浆体 slurry泰勒数 Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid边界层理论 boundary later theory边界层方程 boundary layer equation边界层 boundary layer附面层 boundary layer层流边界层 laminar boundary layer湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer温度边界层 thermal boundary layer边界层转捩 boundary layer transition边界层分离 boundary layer separation边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness动量厚度 momentum thickness能量厚度 energy thickness焓厚度 enthalpy thickness注入 injection吸出 suction泰勒涡 Taylor vortex速度亏损律 velocity defect law 形状因子 shape factor测速法 anemometry粘度测定法 visco[si] metry流动显示 flow visualization油烟显示 oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计 orifice meter频率响应 frequency response油膜显示 oil film visualization 阴影法 shadow method纹影法 schlieren method烟丝法 smoke wire method丝线法 tuft method氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method 相似理论 similarity theory相似律 similarity law部分相似 partial similarity 定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准 static calibration动态校准 dynamic calibration风洞 wind tunnel激波管 shock tube激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel 水洞 water tunnel拖曳水池 towing tank旋臂水池 rotating arm basin扩散段 diffuser测压孔 pressure tap皮托管 pitot tube普雷斯顿管 preston tube斯坦顿管 Stanton tube文丘里管 Venturi tubeU形管 U-tube压强计 manometer微压计 micromanometer多管压强计 multiple manometer静压管 static [pressure]tube流速计 anemometer风速管 Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer流量计 flow meter粘度计 visco[si] meter涡量计 vorticity meter传感器 transducer, sensor压强传感器 pressure transducer热敏电阻 thermistor示踪物 tracer时间线 time line脉线 streak line尺度效应 scale effect壁效应 wall effect堵塞 blockage堵寒效应 blockage effect动态响应 dynamic response响应频率 response frequency底压 base pressure菲克定律 Fick law巴塞特力 Basset force埃克特数 Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number努塞特数 Nusselt number普朗特数 prandtl number雷诺比拟 Reynolds analogy施密特数 schmidt number斯坦顿数 Stanton number对流 convection自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流 forced convection热对流 heat convection质量传递 mass transfer传质系数 mass transfer coefficient 热量传递 heat transfer传热系数 heat transfer coefficient 对流传热 convective heat transfer 辐射传热 radiative heat transfer 动量交换 momentum transfer能量传递 energy transfer传导 conduction热传导 conductive heat transfer热交换 heat exchange临界热通量 critical heat flux浓度 concentration扩散 diffusion扩散性 diffusivity扩散率 diffusivity扩散速度 diffusion velocity分子扩散 molecular diffusion沸腾 boiling蒸发 evaporation气化 gasification凝结 condensation成核 nucleation计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem伯格斯方程 Burgers equation对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equationKDU方程 KDV equation修正微分方程 modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟 numerical simulation大涡模拟 large eddy simulation数值粘性 numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性 nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析 Hirt stability analysis相容条件 consistency conditionCFL条件 Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition狄里克雷边界条件 Dirichlet boundarycondition熵条件 entropy condition远场边界条件 far field boundary condition流入边界条件 inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件 numerical boundary condition流出边界条件 outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件 von Neumann condition近似因子分解法 approximate factorization method人工压缩 artificial compression人工粘性 artificial viscosity边界元法 boundary element method配置方法 collocation method能量法 energy method有限体积法 finite volume method流体网格法 fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法 flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法 flux vector splitting method伽辽金法 Galerkin method积分方法 integral method标记网格法 marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法 method of characteristics直线法 method of lines矩量法 moment method多重网格法 multi- grid method板块法 panel method质点网格法 particle in cell method, PIC method质点法 particle method预估校正法 predictor-corrector method投影法 projection method准谱法 pseudo-spectral method随机选取法 random choice method激波捕捉法 shock-capturing method激波拟合法 shock-fitting method谱方法 spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法 split coefficient matrix method不定常法 time-dependent method时间分步法 time splitting method变分法 variational method涡方法 vortex method隐格式 implicit scheme显格式 explicit scheme交替方向隐格式 alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme反扩散差分格式 anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式 compact difference scheme守恒差分格式 conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式 Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式 Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式 exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式 Godunov scheme高分辨率格式 high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式 Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式 leap-frog scheme单调差分格式 monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式 monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式 Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式 semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式 total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域 computational domain物理区域 physical domain影响域 domain of influence依赖域 domain of dependence区域分解 domain decomposition维数分解 dimensional split物理解 physical solution弱解 weak solution黎曼解算子 Riemann solver守恒型 conservation form弱守恒型 weak conservation form强守恒型 strong conservation form散度型 divergence form贴体曲线坐标 body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格 [self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成 adaptive grid generation自动网格生成 automatic grid generation数值网格生成 numerical grid generation交错网格 staggered mesh网格雷诺数 cell Reynolds number数植扩散 numerical diffusion数值耗散 numerical dissipation数值色散 numerical dispersion数值通量 numerical flux放大因子 amplification factor放大矩阵 amplification matrix阻尼误差 damping error离散涡 discrete vortex熵通量 entropy flux熵函数 entropy function分步法 fractional step method。
(完整版)高中物理专业英语词汇
一、机械运动机械运动mechanical motion [mi'kænikəl] ['məuʃən]力学mechanics [mɪ'kænɪks]质点mass point [mæs] [pɔint]参考系reference frame ['refrəns] [freim]坐标系coordinate system [kəu'ɔ:dineit] ['sistəm]路程path[pɑ:θ]位移displacement[dɪs'pleɪsmənt]矢量vector['vektə]标量scalar['skeilə]速度velocity[vi'lɔsiti]平均速度average velocity['ævəridʒ] [vi'lɔsiti瞬时速度instantaneous velocity[,ɪnstən'teinjəs]速率speed[spi:d]v-t 图象v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃən]匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion['ju:nifɔ:m] ['vɛəriəbl] [,rekti'liniə]初速度initial velocity[i'niʃəl] [vi'lɔsiti]自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[æk,selə'reɪʃən]重力加速度gravitational acceleration [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl]二、物体的相互作用力force[fɔ:s]牛顿Newton['nju:tn]重力gravity['ɡræviti]重心center of gravity['sentə]万有引力gravitation[,grævɪ'teɪʃən]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[ɪ,lektrəʊmæg'netɪk]强相互作用strong interaction[,ɪntər'ækʃən]弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation[,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性形变elastic deformation[i'læstik] [,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性限度elastic limit[i'læstik] ['limit]弹力elastic force[i'læstik] [fɔ:s]劲度系数coefficient of stiffness[,kəʊə'fɪʃənt] ['stɪfnɪs]胡克定律Hooke law[lɔ:]摩擦力friction force['frikʃən]静摩擦力static frictional force['stætik] ['frikʃən]滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force['slaidiŋ]动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor[dai'næmik]合力resultant force[ri'zʌltənt]分力component force[kəm'pəunənt]力的合成composition of forces[,kɔmpə'ziʃən]平行四边形定则parallelogram rule[,pærə'lelə,græm]共点力concurrent forces[kən'kɜ:rənt,]力的分解resolution of force[,rezə'lu:ʃən]三角形定则triangular rule[traɪ'æŋgjələ] [ru:l]三、牛顿运动定律运动学kinematics[kini'mætiks]动力学dynamics[dai'næmiks]牛顿第一定律Newton first law['nju:tn] [lɔ:]惯性inertia [i'nə:ʃjə]惯性定律law of inertia[i'nə:ʃjə]质量mass[mæs]惯性系inertial system['sistəm]牛顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le System International d’Unites作用力action['ækʃən]反作用力reaction[ri'ækʃən]牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight[,əʊvə'weɪt]失重weightlessness['weɪtlɪs]误差error['erə]偶然误差accidental error[,æksi'dentl]系统误差systematic error [,sistə'mætik]绝对误差absolute error['æbsəlu:t]相对误差relative error['relətiv]四、圆周运动曲线运动curvilinear motion[kə:vi'liniə]切线tangent['tændʒənt]抛体运动projectile motion[prə'dʒektəl,]抛物线parabola[pə'ræbələ]线速度linear velocity['liniə]匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion['ju:nifɔ:m] ['sə:kjulə]角速度angular velocity['æŋgjələ]弧度radian['reidjən]周期period['piəriəd]向心加速度centripetal acceleration[sen'trɪpɪtl]向心力centripetal force[sen'trɪpɪtl]开普勒Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] ['kɔnstənt]万有引力定律law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'və:səl]第一宇宙速度first cosmic velocity['kɔzmik]第二宇宙速度second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度third cosmic velocity黑洞black hole五、能量能量energy['enədʒi]势能potential energy[pə'tenʃəl]动能kinetic energy[kɪ'netɪk, kaɪ-]功work[wə:k]焦耳joule[dʒu:l]功率power['pauə]瓦特watt['pauə]重力势能gravitational potential energy [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] [pə'tenʃəl]弹性势能elastic potential energy[i'læstik] [pə'tenʃəl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:ərəm] [kɪ'netɪk]机械能mechanical energy[mi'kænikəl]机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kɔnsə'veiʃən] [mi'kænikəl]能量守恒定律law of energy conservation[,kɔnsə'veiʃən]拉力traction['trækʃən]轨道obital大小magnatitude方向direction[di'rekʃən]水平horizental竖直vertical['və:tikəl]相互垂直perpendicular[,pɜ:pən'dɪkjələ]坐标coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dineit]直角坐标系cersian coordinate system弹簧spring[spriŋ]球体sphere[sfiə]环loop[lu:p]盘型disc圆柱形cylinder['silində]。
(完整版)量子力学英语词汇
1、microscopic world 微观世界2、macroscopic world 宏观世界3、quantum theory 量子[理]论4、quantum mechanics 量子力学5、wave mechanics 波动力学6、matrix mechanics 矩阵力学7、Planck constant 普朗克常数8、wave-particle duality 波粒二象性9、state 态10、state function 态函数11、state vector 态矢量12、superposition principle of state 态叠加原理13、orthogonal states 正交态14、antisymmetrical state 正交定理15、stationary state 对称态16、antisymmetrical state 反对称态17、stationary state 定态18、ground state 基态19、excited state 受激态20、binding state 束缚态21、unbound state 非束缚态22、degenerate state 简并态23、degenerate system 简并系24、non-deenerate state 非简并态25、non-degenerate system 非简并系26、de Broglie wave 德布罗意波27、wave function 波函数28、time-dependent wave function 含时波函数29、wave packet 波包30、probability 几率31、probability amplitude 几率幅32、probability density 几率密度33、quantum ensemble 量子系综34、wave equation 波动方程35、Schrodinger equation 薛定谔方程36、Potential well 势阱37、Potential barrien 势垒38、potential barrier penetration 势垒贯穿39、tunnel effect 隧道效应40、linear harmonic oscillator 线性谐振子41、zero proint energy 零点能42、central field 辏力场43、Coulomb field 库仑场44、δ-function δ-函数45、operator 算符46、commuting operators 对易算符47、anticommuting operators 反对易算符48、complex conjugate operator 复共轭算符49、Hermitian conjugate operator 厄米共轭算符50、Hermitian operator 厄米算符51、momentum operator 动量算符52、energy operator 能量算符53、Hamiltonian operator 哈密顿算符54、angular momentum operator 角动量算符55、spin operator 自旋算符56、eigen value 本征值57、secular equation 久期方程58、observable 可观察量59、orthogonality 正交性60、completeness 完全性61、closure property 封闭性62、normalization 归一化63、orthonormalized functions 正交归一化函数64、quantum number 量子数65、principal quantum number 主量子数66、radial quantum number 径向量子数67、angular quantum number 角量子数68、magnetic quantum number 磁量子数69、uncertainty relation 测不准关系70、principle of complementarity 并协原理71、quantum Poisson bracket 量子泊松括号72、representation 表象73、coordinate representation 坐标表象74、momentum representation 动量表象75、energy representation 能量表象76、Schrodinger representation 薛定谔表象77、Heisenberg representation 海森伯表象78、interaction representation 相互作用表象79、occupation number representation 粒子数表象80、Dirac symbol 狄拉克符号81、ket vector 右矢量82、bra vector 左矢量83、basis vector 基矢量84、basis ket 基右矢85、basis bra 基左矢86、orthogonal kets 正交右矢87、orthogonal bras 正交左矢88、symmetrical kets 对称右矢89、antisymmetrical kets 反对称右矢90、Hilbert space 希耳伯空间91、perturbation theory 微扰理论92、stationary perturbation theory 定态微扰论93、time-dependent perturbation theory 含时微扰论94、Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method W. K. B.近似法95、elastic scattering 弹性散射96、inelastic scattering 非弹性散射97、scattering cross-section 散射截面98、partial wave method 分波法99、Born approximation 玻恩近似法100、centre-of-mass coordinates 质心坐标系101、laboratory coordinates 实验室坐标系102、transition 跃迁103、dipole transition 偶极子跃迁104、selection rule 选择定则105、spin 自旋106、electron spin 电子自旋107、spin quantum number 自旋量子数108、spin wave function 自旋波函数109、coupling 耦合110、vector-coupling coefficient 矢量耦合系数111、many-particle system 多子体系112、exchange forece 交换力113、exchange energy 交换能114、Heitler-London approximation 海特勒-伦敦近似法115、Hartree-Fock equation 哈特里-福克方程116、self-consistent field 自洽场117、Thomas-Fermi equation 托马斯-费米方程118、second quantization 二次量子化119、identical particles 全同粒子120、Pauli matrices 泡利矩阵121、Pauli equation 泡利方程122、Pauli’s exclusion principle泡利不相容原理123、Relativistic wave equation 相对论性波动方程124、Klein-Gordon equation 克莱因-戈登方程125、Dirac equation 狄拉克方程126、Dirac hole theory 狄拉克空穴理论127、negative energy state 负能态128、negative probability 负几率129、microscopic causality 微观因果性本征矢量eigenvector本征态eigenstate本征值eigenvalue本征值方程eigenvalue equation本征子空间eigensubspace (可以理解为本征矢空间)变分法variatinial method标量scalar算符operator表象representation表象变换transformation of representation表象理论theory of representation波函数wave function波恩近似Born approximation玻色子boson费米子fermion不确定关系uncertainty relation狄拉克方程Dirac equation狄拉克记号Dirac symbol定态stationary state定态微扰法time-independent perturbation定态薛定谔方程time-independent Schro(此处上面有两点)dinger equation 动量表象momentum representation角动量表象angular mommentum representation占有数表象occupation number representation坐标（位置）表象position representation角动量算符angular mommentum operator角动量耦合coupling of angular mommentum对称性symmetry对易关系commutator厄米算符hermitian operator厄米多项式Hermite polynomial分量component光的发射emission of light光的吸收absorption of light受激发射excited emission自发发射spontaneous emission轨道角动量orbital angular momentum自旋角动量spin angular momentum轨道磁矩orbital magnetic moment归一化normalization哈密顿hamiltonion黑体辐射black body radiation康普顿散射Compton scattering基矢basis vector基态ground state基右矢basis ket ‘右矢’ket基左矢basis bra简并度degenerancy精细结构fine structure径向方程radial equation久期方程secular equation量子化quantization矩阵matrix模module模方square of module内积inner product逆算符inverse operator欧拉角Eular angles泡利矩阵Pauli matrix平均值expectation value （期望值）泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle氢原子hydrogen atom球鞋函数spherical harmonics全同粒子identical particles塞曼效应Zeeman effect上升下降算符raising and lowering operator 消灭算符destruction operator产生算符creation operator矢量空间vector space守恒定律conservation law守恒量conservation quantity投影projection投影算符projection operator微扰法pertubation method希尔伯特空间Hilbert space线性算符linear operator线性无关linear independence谐振子harmonic oscillator选择定则selection rule幺正变换unitary transformation幺正算符unitary operator宇称parity跃迁transition运动方程equation of motion正交归一性orthonormalization正交性orthogonality转动rotation自旋磁矩spin magnetic monent(以上是量子力学中的主要英语词汇，有些未涉及到的可以自由组合。
科学与技术英语词汇大全
科学与技术英语词汇大全科学和技术是现代社会中不可或缺的组成部分。
无论是在学术研究、工程设计还是日常生活中，科学和技术英语词汇都扮演着重要的角色。
本文旨在为读者提供一个关于科学和技术英语词汇的大全，以帮助读者更好地理解、应用和交流相关领域的知识。
一、物理学（Physics）1. Motion 运动- Velocity 速度- Acceleration 加速度- Force 力量- Friction 摩擦力- Gravity 重力2. Energy 能源- Kinetic Energy 动能- Potential Energy 势能- Conservation of Energy 能量守恒- Thermodynamics 热力学- Renewable Energy 可再生能源3. Electromagnetism 电磁学- Electric Field 电场- Magnetic Field 磁场- Current 电流- Voltage 电压- Resistance 电阻4. Optics 光学- Reflection 反射- Refraction 折射- Lens 透镜- Prism 棱镜- Photon 光子二、化学（Chemistry）1. Atoms and Elements 原子和元素 - Proton 质子- Neutron 中子- Electron 电子- Atomic Number 原子序数- Periodic Table 元素周期表2. Chemical Reactions 化学反应 - Reactants 反应物- Products 生成物- Catalyst 催化剂- Equilibrium 平衡- Acid 酸3. Bonding 结合- Covalent Bond 共价键- Ionic Bond 离子键- Metallic Bond 金属键- Molecule 分子- Polymer 聚合物4. Organic Chemistry 有机化学 - Hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物- Functional Group 功能团- Isomer 同分异构体- Carbohydrate 碳水化合物- Protein 蛋白质三、计算机科学（Computer Science）1. Programming 编程- Algorithm 算法- Variable 变量- Loop 循环- Function 函数- Object-oriented Programming 面向对象编程2. Data Structures 数据结构- Array 数组- LinkedList 链表- Stack 栈- Queue 队列- Tree 树3. Operating Systems 操作系统- Memory 内存- Process 进程- File System 文件系统- Multitasking 多任务处理 - Kernel 内核4. Networking 网络- TCP/IP 协议- Router 路由器- Firewall 防火墙- DNS 域名系统- Bandwidth 带宽四、生物学（Biology）1. Cell Biology 细胞生物学 - Cell Membrane 细胞膜 - Nucleus 细胞核- DNA 脱氧核糖核酸- Mitochondria 线粒体- Cell Division 细胞分裂2. Genetics 遗传学- Genotype 基因型- Phenotype 表型- Gene Mutation 基因突变- Heredity 遗传- Genetic Engineering 基因工程3. Evolution 进化- Natural Selection 自然选择- Adaptation 适应性- Species 物种- Fossil 化石- Variation 变异4. Ecology 生态学- Ecosystem 生态系统- Biodiversity 生物多样性- Food Chain 食物链- Habitat 栖息地- Conservation 保护五、工程学（Engineering）1. Mechanical Engineering 机械工程- Thermodynamics 热力学- Fluid Mechanics 流体力学- Solid Mechanics 固体力学- Robotics 机器人技术- Automotive Engineering 汽车工程2. Civil Engineering 土木工程- Structural Engineering 结构工程- Geotechnical Engineering 岩土工程 - Transportation Engineering 交通工程 - Environmental Engineering 环境工程 - Construction 施工3. Electrical Engineering 电气工程- Electric Circuit 电路- Power Generation 电力生成- Control Systems 控制系统- Electronics 电子学- Renewable Energy 可再生能源4. Aerospace Engineering 航空航天工程- Aerodynamics 空气动力学- Propulsion 推进- Satellite 卫星- Spacecraft 太空船- Astronautics 宇宙飞行学以上列举的仅是科学和技术领域中的一小部分词汇。
流体力学专业英语词汇
流体力学专业词汇(V ocabulary of Fluid Mechanics )CHAPTER-1acceleration 加速度average velocity 平均速度Bernoulli 伯努力boundary layer 边界层calculus 微积分coefficient of viscosity 粘性系数compressible(incompressible) (不)可压的conservation of mass(momentum, energy) 质量(动量,能量)守恒continuum 连续介质control-volume 控制体density(mass per unit volume) 密度differential 微分dimension 量刚尺度dynamics 动力学Euler 欧拉eulerian (lagrangian) method of description欧拉(拉格郎日)观点，方法field of flow 流场flow pattern 流型（谱）fluid mechanics 流体力学function 函数inertia 惯性, 惯量integral 积分kinematics 运动学kinetic (potential, internal) energy 动(势,内)能Lagrange 拉格郎日liquid 流体Newtonian fluids 牛顿流体(non)linear (非)线性(non)uniform （非）均匀one-dimensional 一维pathline 迹线perfect-gas law 理想气体定律pressure 压力压强Reynolds 雷诺shear(normal) stress 剪(正)应力solution 解答statics 静力学steady(unsteady) (非)定常strain 应变streamline(tube) 流线(管)thermal conductivity 热传导thermodynamics 热力学variable 变量vector 矢量velocity distribution 速度分布velocity field 速度场velocity gradient 速度梯度viscous(inviscid) (无)粘性的volume rate of flow 体积流量CHAPTER -2absolute (gage,vacuum) pressure 绝对（表，真空）压力area moment of inertia 惯性面积矩atmospheric pressure 大气压力barometer 气压计body force 体力Cartesian [rectangular] coordinates 直角坐标（系）centroid 质心elliptic 椭圆的equilibrium 平衡horizontal 水平的hydrostatic 水静力学，流体静力学hyperbolic 双曲线的mercury 水银moment 矩parabolic 抛物线plane (curved) surface 平（曲）面plate 板pressure center 压力中心pressure distribution(gradient) 压力分布（梯度）reservoir 水库rigid-body 刚体scalar 标量specific weight 比重surface force 表面力vertical 垂直的, 直立的CHAPTER -3Bernoulli equation 伯努力方程Boundaries 边界Conservation of mass 质量Control volume 控制体Energy(hydraulic) grade line 能级线Flux 流率Free body 隔离体Heat transfer 热传到Imaginary 假想Inlet, outlet 进、出口Integrand 被积函数Jet flow 射流Linear(Angular)-momentum relation 线（角）动量关系式Momentum(energy)-flux 动量（能量）流量Net force 合力No slip 无滑移Nozzle 喷嘴Rate of work 功率Reynolds transport theorem 雷诺输运定理Shaft work 轴功Stagnation enthalpy 制止焓Surroundings 外围System 体系Time derivative 时间导数Vector sum 矢量合Venturi tube 文图里管V olume(mass) flow 体积（质量）流量V olume(mass) rate of flow体积（质量）流率CHAPTER -4Soomth 平滑Laminar 层流Transition 转捩Roughness 粗糙度Random fluctuations 随机脉动Reynolds number 雷诺数（Re）Instability 不稳定性Breakdown 崩溃Mean value 平均值Drag 阻力Osborne ReynoldsDye filament 染色丝Internal (external) flow 内(外)流Cartesian 笛卡坐标Infinitesimal 无限小local acceleration 当地加速度dot product 点乘total derivative 全导数convective acceleration 对流加速度substantial(material) derivative 随体(物质)导数operator 算子partial differential equation 偏微分方程Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Navier-Stokes Equations N-S方程Second-order 二阶Similarity 相似Nondimensionalization 无量纲化Flat-plate boundary layer 平板边界层Thermal conductivity 热传导Heat flow 热流量Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Couette Flow 库塔流动Channel 槽道Parallel plates 平行平板Pressure gradient 压力梯度No-slip condition 无滑移条件Poiseuille flow 伯肖叶流动Parabola 抛物线Wall shear stress 壁面剪应力Prandtl 普朗特Karman 卡门Momentum-integral relation 动量积分关系Momentum thickness 动量厚度Skin-friction coefficient 壁面摩擦系数Displacement thickness 排移厚度Blasius equation 布拉修斯方程Coordinate transformation 坐标变换Composite dimensionless variable 组合无量纲变量Shape factor 形状因子Velocity profile 速度剖面流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation边界层boundary layer附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer温度边界层thermal boundary layer边界层转捩boundary layer transition边界层分离boundary layer separation边界层厚度boundary layer thickness位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving difference scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition维数分解dimensional split物理解physical solution弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver守恒型conservation form弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form散度型divergence form贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates[自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh适应网格生成adaptive grid generation自动网格生成automatic grid generation数值网格生成numerical grid generation交错网格staggered mesh网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number数植扩散numerical diffusion数值耗散numerical dissipation数值色散numerical dispersion数值通量numerical flux放大因子amplification factor放大矩阵amplification matrix阻尼误差damping error离散涡discrete vortex熵通量entropy flux熵函数entropy function分步法fractional step method广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics 简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differential type积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutive relations共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test 三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength 循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength 残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance 渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect贯入阻力penetration resistance沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics 非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics 空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation。
(完整版)高中物理专业英语词汇
机械运动mechanical motion [mi'kænikəl] ['məuʃən] 力学mechanics [mɪ'kænɪks]质点mass point [mæs] [pɔint]参考系reference frame ['refrəns] [freim]坐标系coordinate system [kəu'ɔ:dineit] ['sistəm]路程path[pɑ:θ]位移displacement[dɪs'pleɪsmənt]矢量vector['vektə]标量scalar['skeilə]速度velocity[vi'lɔsiti]平均速度average velocity['ævəridʒ] [vi'lɔsiti瞬时速度instantaneous velocity[,ɪnstən'teinjəs]速率speed[spi:d]v-t图象v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃən]匀变速直线运动uniformvariablerectilinear motion['ju:nifɔ:m] ['vɛəriəbl] [,rekti'liniə]初速度initial velocity[i'niʃəl] [vi'lɔsiti]自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[æk,selə'reɪʃən]重力加速度gravitational acceleration [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl]二、物体的相互作用力force[fɔ:s]牛顿Newton['nju:tn]重力gravity['ɡræviti]重心center of gravity['sentə]万有引力gravitation[,grævɪ'teɪʃən]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[ɪ,lektrəʊmæg'netɪk] 强相互作用strong interaction[,ɪntər'ækʃən]弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation[,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性形变elastic deformation[i'læstik] [,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性限度elastic limit[i'læstik] ['limit]弹力elastic force[i'læstik] [fɔ:s]劲度系数coefficient of stiffness[,kəʊə'fɪʃənt] ['stɪfnɪs]胡克定律Hooke law[lɔ:]摩擦力friction force['frikʃən]静摩擦力static frictional force['stætik] ['frikʃən]滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force['slaidiŋ]动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor[dai'næmik]合力resultant force[ri'zʌltənt]分力component force[kəm'pəunənt]力的合成composition of forces[,kɔmpə'ziʃən]三角形定则triangularrule[traɪ'æŋgjələ] [ru:l]三、牛顿运动定律运动学kinematics[kini'mætiks]动力学dynamics[dai'næmiks]牛顿第一定律Newton first law['nju:tn] [lɔ:]惯性inertia [i'nə:ʃjə]惯性定律law of inertia[i'nə:ʃjə]质量mass[mæs]惯性系inertial system['sistəm]牛顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le System International d’Unites作用力action['ækʃən]反作用力reaction[ri'ækʃən]牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight[,əʊvə'weɪt]失重weightlessness['weɪtlɪs]误差error['erə]偶然误差accidental error[,æksi'dentl]系统误差systematic error [,sistə'mætik]绝对误差absolute error['æbsəlu:t]相对误差relative error['relətiv]四、圆周运动曲线运动curvilinear motion[kə:vi'liniə]切线tangent['tændʒənt]抛体运动projectile motion[prə'dʒektəl,]抛物线parabola[pə'ræbələ]线速度linear velocity['liniə]匀速圆周运动uniformcircularmotion['ju:nifɔ:m]['sə:kjulə]角速度angular velocity['æŋgjələ]弧度radian['reidjən]周期period['piəriəd]向心加速度centripetal acceleration[sen'trɪpɪtl]向心力centripetalforce[sen'trɪpɪtl]开普勒Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] ['kɔnstənt]万有引力定律law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'və:səl]第一宇宙速度first cosmic velocity['kɔzmik]第二宇宙速度second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度third cosmic velocity能量energy['enədʒi]势能potential energy[pə'tenʃəl]动能kinetic energy[kɪ'netɪk, kaɪ-]功work[wə:k]焦耳joule[dʒu:l]功率power['pauə]瓦特watt['pauə]重力势能gravitational potential energy [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] [pə'tenʃəl]弹性势能elastic potential energy[i'læstik] [pə'tenʃəl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:ərəm] [kɪ'netɪk]机械能mechanical energy[mi'kænikəl]机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kɔnsə'veiʃən] [mi'kænikəl]能量守恒定律law of energy conservation[,kɔnsə'veiʃən]拉力traction['trækʃən]轨道obital大小magnatitude方向direction[di'rekʃən]水平horizental竖直vertical['və:tikəl]相互垂直perpendicular[,pɜ:pən'dɪkjələ]坐标coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dineit]直角坐标系cersian coordinate system弹簧spring[spriŋ]球体sphere[sfiə]环loop[lu:p]盘型disc圆柱形cylinder['silində]。
力学_专业英语词汇
附录：常用专业词汇和用语汇总表Aabsolute temperatureabutment [ə'bʌtmənt] acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃə n] accelerometer [æk,selə'rɔmit ə] action-at-a-distanceactive gageacoustic emitteracute angleadaptivity [ədæp'tivəti] aerospace engineering aggregate ['æɡriɡit] algebraic equationAlmansi strainallowable stressalternator ['ɔ:lt əneitə] amorphous [ə'mɔ:fəs] amphiphileamphiphileamplitude ['æmplitju:d] amplification factoramplitude stressamplitude of vibrationanelastic [ˌænilˈæsti] aneurysm ['ænjuriz əm] anisotropic [æn,ais ə'trɔpik]绝对温度n. 桥墩；桥基；桥台n. 加速度n. 加速度计远距离作用工作片声发射器锐角n. 适应性航空工程n. 偏析，聚合体代数方程阿曼西应变许用应力n. 交流发电机adj. 无定性的；非晶形的，无一定方向的n. 两亲物；两亲性分子n. 两亲物n. 幅值放大因子，放大倍数幅值应力振动幅值；振幅adj. 滞弹性的n. 动脉瘤n. 各项异性的anisotropy [ænai's ɔtrəpi] apparatus [,æp ə'reitəs] apparent stressappearance [ə'pirəns]n. aqueous ['e ikwi əs]arch [ɑ:tʃ]arm [ɑ:m]artificial heart v alveassembly [ə'sembli]Atomic Force Microscope autocatalytic [,ɔ:təukætə'litik] austenite ['ɔ:stə,nait] austenite crystalaustenitic transformation average stressaxil forceBback differencebacking ['bækiŋ]bar [bɑ:]basalt [bə'sɔ:lt]basis functionBauschinger effectbeam [bi:m]bedding planebenchmark testbend [bɛnd]n. 各项异性n. 仪器；装置表观应力出现，显露，外观adj. 水的；水成的n. 拱n. 臂人工心脏瓣膜n. 组集，集合原子力显微镜adj. 自动催化的n. 奥氏体奥氏体晶粒奥氏体转变平均应力轴向力向后差分n. 衬底；基底n. 杆；条；横木；栅n. 玄武岩基函数包辛格效应n. 梁，桁，横梁层理面基准测试vt.&vi . 弯曲，折弯bending moment 弯矩bending stress 弯曲应力biaxial strain 双轴应变biaxial stress 双轴应力biharmonic [baihɑ:'mɔnik]adj. 双调和的bionanomaterial n. 生物纳米材料block copolymer 嵌段共聚物bobbin ['bɔbin]n. 线轴body force 体力bolt [bəult]n. 螺栓bomb blast 炸弹爆炸borehole ['bɔ:,houl]n. 钻孔boron ['bɔ:rɔn]n. 硼boundary condition 边界条件boundary integral 边界积分brake drum 制动鼓；鼓式制动器brass [br ɑ:s]brittle fracturebrittle fracture mechanics buckle ['bʌkl]bushing ['buʃiŋ]Ccalcite ['kælsait] calibration [,kæli'brei ʃən] calibration constant cantilever ['kæntili:v ə] carbon steelCartesian coordinate n. 黄铜，黄铜色脆性断裂脆性断裂力学vi. 屈曲n. 绝缘套，轴衬n. 方解石n. 标定标定常数n. 悬臂；支架碳钢笛卡儿坐标cast iron 铸铁catastrophically [,kæt 'strɔfikli]adv. 灾难性地cavitation [,kævi'tei ʃ n] cellular patterncentered difference central crackcentripetal acceleration centroidal axischaotic [kei' ɔtik]chord [kɔ:d]civil engineering cleavage ['kli:vid ʒ]clay soil s ettleclosed formcluster ['klʌst ]civil engineeringcoarse-graincollapse [k 'læps] collinear [kɔ'linj ] collision [k 'liʒ n] colloid ['kɔlɔid]column ['kɔl m] columnar jointing combustion [k m'bʌstʃ n] complex frequency response compliance [k m'plai ns] composite material n. 气穴；成洞空泡中心差分中心裂纹向心加速度形心轴，质心轴adj. 混乱的；混沌的n. 弦；弦杆土木工程n. 分裂；裂隙粘土土层沉降闭型n. 群；群集土木工程粗粒的；大粒度的vi. 破坏，塌陷adj. 同线的；共轴的n. 相撞，碰撞n. 胶体adj. 胶状的n. 柱体，圆柱柱状节理n. 燃烧，氧化复频响应n. 柔度复合材料compressibility compressive stress computational mechanics concomitant [k n'kɔmit nt] concrete ['kɔnkri:t] conservation of momentum consistency [k n's ist nsi] constraint [k n'streint] contaminant [k n'tæm n nt] continuum mechanics contractile [k n'træktail] contracted notation contour ['kɔntu ] convection-diffusion convective velocity convergence [k n'v :dʒ ns] convergence ratecoolant ['k u:l nt]Coriolis acceleration corrosion [k 'r uʒ n] corrosion resistancecouple-stresscouple ['kʌpl]curvature ['k :v tʃ ] corrugate ['kɔrugeit] complex truss compound truss可压缩性压应力计算力学adj. 伴随的；共存的n. 混凝土，凝结物动量守恒n. 收敛性n. 约束n. 杂质；污染物连续介质力学adj. 可压缩的缩约记号n. 轮廓，等高线对流扩散对流速度n. 收敛收敛速度n. 冷冻剂科氏加速度n. 腐蚀，侵入耐蚀性；抗腐蚀性偶应力n. 力偶vt. 偶合n. 弯曲；曲率vt.&vi. 起皱纹复式桁架复氏桁架criterion [krai't i ri n] coplanar [k u'plein ] concurrent [k n'kʌr nt] configuration [k n,figju'rei ʃ n] critical form complementary function critical dampingconjugate ['kɔndʒ ,geɪt] constituent [k n's titju nt] constitutive theory constitutive equation constantan ['kɔnst ntæn] contrived variational principle corrosion fatiguecounter stresscrack [kræk]crack frontcrack initiationcrack nucleationcrack propagationcrack tipcreep [kri:p]creep fatiguecreep fracturecross-bracingcross jointn. 标准；准则adj. 共平面的adj. 同时发生的n. 构型，结构，形态危形余函数临界阻尼adj. 共轭的adj. 本质的，本构的本构理论本构方程n. 一种铜与镍的合金约束变分原理腐蚀疲劳对应力；相反应力vt.&vi 裂开，爆裂，断裂n. 裂纹裂纹前沿裂纹起始；起裂裂纹成核裂纹扩展裂尖vi. 蠕变n. 蠕变蠕变疲劳蠕变断裂交叉撑条横节理cross sectioncritical statecritical loadcrook [kruk] crookedness ['krukidnis] crush [krʌʃ]crystal latticecull [kʌl]culminate ['kʌlmineit] cycle numbercyclic loadingcyclic stresscylinder headDdamage ['dæmid ʒ] damping ['dæmpiŋ] damping factordashe linedead weightdealloying [,di: 'lɔiiŋ] decameter ['d ek ,mi:t ] defect [di'f ekt]deflect [di'f lekt]deflection [di'flek ʃ n] deform [di'fɔ:m] deformation [,di:f ɔ:'mei ʃ n] degree of freedom横截面临界状态临界载荷vi. 弯曲，成钩状n. 弯曲；扭曲vt.&vi 压碎；折皱晶格vt. 剔除n. 剔除vi. 达到顶点循环次数循环载荷循环应力汽缸盖n. 损伤vt 损坏adj. 阻尼阻尼系数虚线静止重量；自重；净重n. 脱合金成分腐蚀n. 十米n. 缺陷vt.&vi. 偏斜，转向n. 挠曲，挠度，偏斜vt.&vi. 变形n. 变形自由度degree of redundancy denominator [dɪ'nɔm ,neɪt ] density functional theory (DFT) derivative [di'r iv tiv] determinate [di't :minit] determinate structuredeviatoric planedeviatoric stressdie [dai]die-cast housingdifferential equation differentiation [,dif ,renʃi'eiʃ n] differential operatordiffusion coefficientdigital image correlation dimensionless [d 'menʃ nl s] dip [dip]dip coatingDirac delta functiondirection cosineDirichlet conditiondiscipline ['d isiplin, 'dis plin] discretedislocation [,disl 'keiʃ n] displacement [dis'pleism nt] displacement function dissipation principle冗余度n. 分母密度泛函理论n. 导数adj. 确定的，静定的静定结构偏平面偏应力n. 冲模, 钢模压铸壳微分方程n. 微分微分算符扩散系数数字图像相关adj. 无量纲n. 浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜vt.&vi. 浸泡；浸；下沉；倾斜浸涂狄拉克δ 函数方向余弦狄利克来条件n. 学科离散的n. 位错n. 位移位移函数耗散定理divergence [dai'v :dʒ ns] dolerite ['dɔl rait] dolomite ['dɔl mait]drag [dræg]droplet ['drɔplit]ductile ['dʌktail]ductility [dʌk't iliti] Duhamel's integraldummy resistorduty c ycledyke [daik]dynamics [dai'næmiks] dynamic crack g rowthEearth-moving eccentricity [,eksen'trisiti] elastic [i'læstik] elastic limitelastic-perfectly plasticelastic-plasticelastic waveelasticity [,elæs'tis ti] elasticity matrixelastomer [i'læst m ] elastoplastic [i'læst plæstik] elasto-viscoplasticelectrical resistance strain gage element ['elim nt] n. 散度，分歧，分离n. 辉绿岩，粗粒玄武岩n. 白云石，石灰石n. 阻力n. 小滴；微滴adj. 韧性的，柔软的n. 韧性杜哈美积分假电阻；仿真电阻负载循环；工作周期n. 沟；渠；堤坝n. 动力学；力学；动态动态裂纹扩展运土的n. 离心；偏心率adj. 弹性的弹性极限理想弹塑性弹塑性的弹性波n. 弹性弹性矩阵n. 弹性体n. 弹塑性弹粘塑性的电阻应变计n. 构件，要素，成分elongate ['i:l ɔŋgeit]vt. & vi. 拉长;伸长;延长elongation [,i:l ɔŋ'geiʃən] n.伸长，延长embossing [im'b ɔ:s]vt. 压纹；模压加工emulsion [i'mʌlʃən]n.乳胶液；感光乳剂encapsulation [in,kæpsju'lei ʃən]n.包装；封装energy release rate 能量释放率engine block 发动机缸体engineering shear strainepoxy [ep'ɔksi]n.工程剪应变环氧树脂equation of continuity 连续性方程equation of stateequilibrium [,i:kwi'libri əm]n.状态方程平衡，均衡equilibrium equation 平衡方程equivalent nodal force 等效节点力error estimationesthetics [es'θetiks]n.误差估计美学etch [etʃ]vt.蚀刻ethanol ['eθə.nɔl, 'eθə.nəul]n.乙醇Euler-Lagrange equationexcavation [,eksk ə'veiʃən]n.欧拉－拉格朗日方程挖掘；发掘excitation [ek's ait ətiv]n.激励exigency [ek's id ʒənsi]n.紧急experimental stress analysis 实验应力分析explicit algorithmextensometer [,eksten's ɔmitə]n.显式算法伸长计；引伸计external force 外力externally statically determinate 外部静定extreme position 极端位置Ffailure ['feilj ]fallacious [f 'leiʃ s] fashion ['fæʃn]fatigue [f 'ti:g]fatigue curvefatigue failurefault [fɔ:lt]felt padferroelectric [,fer ui'lektrik] fiber reinforced composite fibrous ['f aibr s]finite elementfinite difference methodfixed-endflange [flænd ʒ]flexible ['fleks bl] adj. flexure ['flek ʃ]flow [fl u]fluidics ['f lu:idiks]fluid couplingfluid mechanicsflux [fl ʌks]foil strain gaugefolded plateforce [fɔ:s]n. 破坏，失效adj. 谬误的；不合理的vt. 制造，使成形n. 时尚n. 疲劳vi.&vt. （使）疲劳疲劳曲线疲劳破坏n. 断层毛毡坐垫adj. 铁电的纤维增强复合材料adj. 纤维的有限单元有限差分法固定端n. 凸缘；边缘；轮缘柔度的，可弯曲的，柔韧的n. 弯曲，曲率，挠度vi. 流动n. 应用流体学；射流技术液力联轴节流体力学n. 流量；熔化箔氏应变计褶皱板n. 力; 力量forced vibration formula ['fɔ:mjulə] formulate ['fɔ:mjuleit] forward difference fracture ['frækt ʃə]fracture mechanics fracture toughness frame [freim]free-cutting alloyfree vibration frequency of v ibration friction forcefringe [frind ʒ] fragment ['frægm ənt] functional ['fʌŋkʃənəl]Ggage factorgas turbine engine geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] gigahertz [ˈɡiɡəhə:ts] gradient ['g reidi ənt] grain [grein] granite ['grænit] graphite ['græfait] grid [grid]Griffith‘s problem gusset ['gʌsit]强迫振动n. 公式vt. 公式化，用公式描述向前差分n. 断裂vi.&vt. （使）断裂断裂力学断裂韧性n. 框架易切削合金自由振动振动频率摩擦力n. 条纹n. 碎片；破碎n. 泛函应变灵敏度系数汽轮机n. 地质学，地质情况n. 十亿赫兹, 千兆赫n. 梯度，倾斜度n. 晶粒n. 花岗岩，花岗石n. 石墨n. 格子Griffith 问题n. 角板；三角形衬料gust [gʌst]n. 阵风Hhanger ['hæŋə ] n. 挂钩, 悬挂物hardening characteristichardening rulehardness ['hɑ:dnis]harmonic [hɑ:'mɔnik]harmonic forceharmonic motionharness ['hɑ:nis]headway ['h edwei]heat conduction equation heterodyning ['h et ərəu,dainiŋ] heterogeneity [,hetərodʒi'ni:iti] heterostructure [het ərəu'strʌktʃə(r)] heuristic [hju ə'r istik]hierarchical [,haiə'rɑ:kikl] hierarchicalorganizationhigh-cycle fatiguehigh-frequency componenthigh-strengthholder ['həuldə]holography [həu'lɔgrəfi]holy grailhomogeneous [,homə'dʒinɪəs]homogeneous equationHooke's law硬化特性强化准则，强化定律n. 硬度，硬性adj. 简谐的谐力简谐振动n. 马具；管理；控制n. 前进；航行速度热传导方程n. 外差作用n. 非均匀性n. 异质结构adj. 启发式的；探索的adj. 按等级划分的分层结构高周疲劳高频分量高强度n. 固定器；支架n. 全息照相技术圣杯；圣盘adj. 同质的, 均匀的, 齐次的n. 谐波其次方程胡克定律hostile environment hydrodynamics ['haidr udai'næmiks] hydrostatic pressurehysteresis [,hist 'ri:sis] hysteresis loopIideal gasidentity matrixigneous ['i gni s]imaginary partimaging methodimplicit algorithmimpregnate [im'p regneit]impress [im'p res]impulse-response function inasmuch [in z'mʌtʃ] incompressible fluid indeterminate [,indi't :minit] indeterminate structure indiscriminately [indi's kriminitli] inertia [in' :ʃi , in' :ʃ ] infinitesimal [,infini'tesim l] initial displacementinitial residual stressinitial velocityinitial yield surfaceinorganic ['in ɔ:'gænik]恶劣环境n. 水动力学静水压力n. 滞后（现象），滞后作用迟滞环；滞后回线理想气体单位矩阵adj. 火成的；火的虚部成像法隐式算法vt. 注入,使充满；adj. 充满的n. 印象；特征；传送vi. 印象；传送脉冲响应函数adv. 由于；因为不可压缩流体adj. 不确定的, 超静定的超静定结构adv. 无差别；任意地n. 惯性adj. 无限小的初始位移初始残余应力初始速度初始屈服面adj. 无机的；非自然生长的in-planeI-shaped steelinstability [,inst 'b iliti]insulating backingintegral ['i ntigr l]integral equationintegration [,inti'grei ʃ n] interferometry [,ɪnt f 'rɔmɪt ] interior cycleinternal forceinternal variableinternally statically indeterminaten interpolation function interdisciplinary [,int :'d isiplin ri] invariant [in'v ɛ ri nt] irreducible formulation面内工字钢n. 不稳定绝缘基n. 积分；整数积分方程n. 积分n. 干涉测量法内循环内力内变量内部静定插值函数adj. 学科间的；学科交叉的n. 不变量; adj. 无变化的，不变的不可约型公式isothermal ['aisu'θ:m l] adj. 等温的n. 等温线isotropic [,ais 'trɔpik] isotropic hardening isotropy [ai'sɔtr pi] iterative ['it r tiv]Jjaw [dʒɔː]jelly ['dʒeli]J integraljoint [dʒɔint]adj. 各向同性的各项同性强化n. 各向同性adj. 迭代的n. 虎钳n. 胶状物J 积分n. 节理Kkinematic hardening kinematics [,kin ə'mætiks] kinetic energykinetic frictionLLagrangian [lə'grɑ:ndʒiən] Lagrange methodLagrange multiplierLame constantslamina ['læm ənə]laminar ['læmin ə] laminate ['læmineit] lamination [,læmi'nei ʃən] landslide ['lændslaid] Laplace operatorlarge-scale parallel computing lateral forcelattice ['lætis]layer ['lei ə]least energy dissipation principle lifetime ['l aiftaim]linear elastic fracture m echanics linear interpolation linearized theorylipid ['l ipid]liquid crystallithological [li'θɔ lədʒikəl ]运动强化n. 运动学；动力学动能动摩擦adj. 拉格朗日的拉格朗日方法拉格朗日乘子拉梅常数n. 薄板；薄片adj. 层流n. 薄板；层压板；层板n. 制成薄板；薄板；层状体n. 滑坡拉普拉斯算符大规模并行计算横向力n. 格子；点阵n. 层最小能量耗散原理n. 寿命线性弹性断裂力学线性插值线性化理论n. 脂质；油脂液晶adj. 岩性的，岩石的Lode parameter longevity [l ɔn'dʒeviti]Lode 参数n. 长寿；寿命longitudinal ['lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl]adj. 纵向的，经度的longitudinal shear (or antiplane) mode of cracking 裂纹纵向剪切（反对称）模式longitudinal strainlow-carbon steellow-cycle fatiguelowly ['ləuli]Mmachinability [məʃi:nə'b iliti] macro-mechanics macroscopic crackmagnetic dotmagnesium ['mæg'ni: ʃiəm] mandrel ['mændr əl] martensite ['mɑ:tən,zait] martensitic transformation masonry ['meisnri]mass-spring-damper system material derivative mathematical statementmatrix ['m eitriks]matrices [ 复数] ['m eitrisi:z] mean free pathmeasurable ['me ʒərəbəl] mechanics [mi'kæniks] mechanics of fluids纵向应变低碳钢低周疲劳adj. 贫贱的；地位低下的n. 可切削性；机械加工性宏观力学宏观裂纹磁点n. 镁n. 心轴；拉延n. 马氏体马氏体转变n. 石造建筑；石造工程质量－弹簧－阻尼系统物质导数数学表达式，数学描述n. 矩阵;基体（材料）平均自由程adj. 可测量的n. 力学流体力学mechanistic [,mek ə'nistik] member ['memb ə] meso-mechanics mesostructure adj. 机械学的；机械的n. 构件细观力学n. 细观结构；中构造metallurgical [,met ə'lə:dʒikl] metal formingmetamorphic [,met ə'mɔ:fik] method of weigted residual micelle [mai'sel] microcavitation adj. 冶金的金属成型adj. 变性的；变质的加权残值法n. 微团；胶束n. 微空隙microcrack ['maikr əukræk, 'maikr əu.kræk] n. 微裂纹micro-electro-mechanical micro-mechanics microscopic ['maikr ə'skɔpik] microvoid [,maikr əu'vɔid] military engineeringmining ['m ainiŋ]mis-foldingmixed formulation微机电的微观力学adj. 显微的，微观的n. 微孔军事工程学n. 采矿；矿业错折叠混合型公式mnemonic [ni:'m ɔnik]adj. 记忆的n. 记忆方法modal analysismodality [məu'dæliti] modulus ['mɔdjuləs]；moduli [ 复数] ['mɔdʒə,lai] modulus of elasticity modulus of volume expansion Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion模态分析n. 样式；形式；形态n. 模量，系数弹性模量体积膨胀模量摩尔－哥伦布破坏准则moire [mwɑ:]moire i nterferometry molecular dynamics (MD) moment of inertia momentum [məu'ment əm] monolithic [,mɔnə'liθik] monotonic [mɔnəu'tɔnik] Monte Carlo (MC)mount [maunt]mud [mʌd]Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) multiphase flowmultiplier ['mʌltəplai ə] multi-scalemyriad ['miri əd]Nnanocomposite nanofabrication nanoholenano-mechanics nanoscale nanostructurenanowirenatural frequencynatural variational principle Navier‘s equation necessaryconditionn. 云纹云纹干涉法分子动力学惯性矩n. 动量，冲量adj. 独石的；单体的；整体的adj. 单调的；单斜晶体的蒙特卡罗vt. 安装n. 泥；泥浆多体动力学多相流n. 乘数多尺度n. 无数；极大数量adj. 无数的；极大数量的n. 纳米复合材料n. 纳米加工n. 纳米空洞纳米力学n. 纳米尺度n. 纳米结构n. 纳米线固有频率自然变分原理纳维方程必要条件necking zoneNeumann conditionneutral axisNewtonian fluidNewton's first lawNewton's second lawnitrocellulose ['n aitr u'seljul us]nodal displacement nondimensional ['nɔndi'men ʃ n l]nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔm 'dʒi:nj s] nonlinearity [,nɔnlini'æriti]normal forcenotwithstand [,nɔtwiθ'stændiŋ] numerator ['nu:m ,reɪt , 'nju:-]non-cyclic load nonhomogeneous ['nɔnhɔm 'dʒi:nj s] nonstationary ['nɔn'stei ʃ n ri] nondestructive evaluation nonviscousnon-Newtonian fluidOobjective functionoblique [ b'l i:k]offshore structureoff-latticeoff-roadopening mode of cracking紧缩区域纽曼条件中性轴牛顿流体牛顿第一定律牛顿第二定律n. 硝化纤维素节点位移n. 无量纲adj. 无量纲（的）adj. 非均质的；非齐次的；多相的n. 非线性法向力prep.尽管；虽然n. 分子非循环载荷adj. 非均匀的adj. 不稳定的；非定常的无损评价adj. 非粘性，无粘性非牛顿流体目标函数adj. 斜的；倾斜离岸结构非格子越野的裂纹张开模式operator ['ɔp ,reit ] optimization [,ɔptimai'zei ʃ n] optimize ['ɔptimaiz] optimum ['ɔptim m] ordinary integralordinary di fferential equation organic [ɔ:'gænik] orthotropic [, ɔ:θ 'trɔpik] oscillation [, ɔsi'lei ʃ n] ostensibly [ɔs'tens bli]out-of-planeout-of-planeoutperform [,autp 'fɔ:m] overstress [' uv 'stres, . uv 's tres] oxidize ['ɔksi,daiz]Pparadigm ['pær daim]partial differential equation particular integralparticulate [p 't ikjulit] particulate-reinforcedcomposite pendulum ['pendjul m] period of vibration permanent deformation perseverance [,p :si'vi r ns] phase [feiz]phase anglen. 算符n. 优化vt.&vi. 优化adj. 最优的寻常积分常微分方程adj. 有机的；有机物质adj. 正交的n. 振荡adv. 表面上地；外表上地n. 面外面外vt. 优于；超额完成n. 过应力vt.& vi. （使）氧化n. 范例偏微分方程特积分；特解adj. 微粒的颗粒增强复合材料n. 单摆，摆锤振动周期永久变形n. 不屈不挠；毅力n. 相相位角phenolics [fi'n ɔliks] photoelastic [fəutəui'læstik] photoelastic coating photoelastic stress analysis piezoelectric [pai,i:z əui'lektrik] pile [pail]pinned endpin jointpiston ['p ist ən]pitch [pit ʃ]pixelateplane-strainplane stressplastic ['plæstik]plastic flowplastic waveplasticity [plæs'tisiti] ploughman ['plaum ən] pneumatic [nju:'mætik] Poisson effectPoisson‘s ratiopolar coordinatepolarize ['pəulə,raiz] polycrysta l ine [pɔli'krist əlain] polymer ['pɔlimə]post [pəust]posteriori error estimation potential energyn. 酚醛树脂adj. 光弹性的光弹性涂层光弹性应力分析adj. 压电的n. 柱，桩，堆销轴支承铰接；关节接头n. 活塞n. 沥青vt. 使...像素化；将...分解成像素平面应变平面应力adj. 塑性的塑性流动塑性波n. 塑性n. 庄稼汉adj. 气动的；充气的伯松效应泊松比极坐标vi.&vt. （使）极化n. 多晶体n. 聚合物n. 柱后验误差估计势能predate [pri:'d eit] vt. 在日期上早于prestrain [pri:'strein] n. 预应变primary structure 主要结构primary unknowns 主要未知量principal material axis 材料主轴principal stress 主应力printed circuit technique 印刷电路技术product乘积proliferation [pr ,lif 'reiʃn] n. 增殖；扩散proportional limit 比例极限protein folding 蛋白质折叠pseudo-stochastic 伪随机的pulsating load 脉动载荷pulse excitation 脉冲激励pump [pʌmp]n. 泵punch [pʌntʃ]vt. 钻孔pure shear 纯剪切Qquadratic [kw 'drætik] adj. 二次的quadratic functional 二次泛函quantum mechanics 量子力学quasi-static 准静态，拟静态Rrate-dependednt 率相关的rateofdilation 膨胀率Rayleigh wave 瑞利波reaction [ri'æk ʃn] n. 支反力reactor pipingred blood cellredundant constraintreference axisreinforced concretereliability [ri,lai ə'biliti]reloading [ri:'l əudiŋ]rendition [ren'di ʃə n]repertoire ['repətwɑ:] Representative Volume Element (RVE) reservoir ['rezəvwɑ:]residual thermal stressresinous ['r ezin əs]resin-coatedresonance ['rezənənt]response [ri'sp ɔns]resultant [ri'z ʌltənt]resultant momentumretool [ri:'t u:l]reversible [ri'və:səbl]rib [rib]rigid-bodyrigid framerigidity [ri'd ʒiditi]rise timerivet ['rivit]rock foundationrock mechanics反应堆管道红血球多余约束参考坐标系增强混泥土，钢筋混凝土n. 可靠性，可靠度vt.&vi. 重复加载n. 解释；演奏；投降n. 全部节目；全部技能代表性体积单元n. 蓄水库残余热应力adj. 树脂的adj. 树脂涂层的adj. 共振n. 响应，反应，回答adj. 合成的，组合的合力矩vi.&vt. 重组；重新装备adj. 可逆的n. 肋刚体刚架n. 刚度，刚性上升时间n. 铆钉；铆接岩石基岩石力学rosette [r u'z et]rotate [r u't eit]rotation [r u'teiʃ n]round-off errorrubric ['ru:brik]Ssag [sæg]saturated soilscalar ['s keil ]Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) scanning modeScanning Tunneling Microscope second order derivativescouring ['s kau riŋ]seed [si:d]sedimentary [,sedi'ment ri] seismic waveseismological [,saizm 'lɔdʒikl] seismology [saiz'mɔl dʒi]sequel ['s i:kw l]sewage ['s ju:id ʒ]shadow moireshape functionshape m emory alloy ( SM A) shape memory effect ( SM E) shape optimizationshearing strain n. 玫瑰花形物vi. 转动，旋转n. 转动，旋转舍入误差n. 类；标题；红色的n. 弧垂，垂度饱和土n. 数量；标量扫描电子显微镜扫描方式扫描隧道电子显微镜二阶导数n. 擦洗；冲刷vt. 崔云化雨adj. 沉积的；沉淀性的；沉淀作用造成的地震波adj. 地震学上的n. 地震学n. 结局；后果n. 污水，污秽物影栅云纹形状函数形状记忆合金形状记忆效应形状优化剪切应变shearing stress 剪切应力shock spectrum 冲击谱shock wave 冲击波；激波shrinkage 收缩；减少；损耗silicone gel 硅凝胶silly putty 弹性橡胶泥SImetricsystem 国际单位制simply supported beam 简支梁simple truss 简支桁架simultaneous [,saim l't einj s] adj. 同时发生的；同步的simultaneous equation 联立方程single-DOF 单自由度singularity [,siŋgju'læriti] n. 奇异性sintering ['sint ri vi. 烧结ŋ]sinusoidal function 正弦函数siting ['s aitiŋ]n.建设地点sizing optimization 尺寸优化slab [slæb] n.平板；厚板slenderness ['s lend nis] n.细长；细长度sliding ['slaidiŋ]n.滑移slip [slip] n.滑移slip plane 滑移面soil foundation 土基础soil mechanics 土力学solder ['sɔld ] n.焊接剂；接合剂solid mechanics 固体力学specified displacement 给定位移specified surface traction 给定面力speckle interferometry spring constantspring-supportedstability [st ə'b iliti] stainless steelstatical indeterminancy static equilibriumstatic fatiguestatic frictionstatics ['stætiks] stationarity [stei ʃə'næriti] stationary ['steiʃənəri] steady-statesteel-framedstep excitation散斑干涉法弹簧常数弹簧支撑n. 稳定，稳定性不锈钢静不定静力平衡静态疲劳静摩擦n. 静力学n. 稳定性；稳态adj. 稳定的；不动的稳态钢架阶跃激励stereological [sti əri'ɔlədʒi, ster ə'ɔlədʒi]adj. 体视学；立体测量学stereoscopic [,steri əs'kɔpik] stiffen ['s tifn]stiffness ['s tifnis]stocky ['stɔki]strain [stren]strain energystrain gagestrain-induced quantum dot strain rateadj. 有立体感的vt.&vi. 刚化；使坚硬n. 刚度adj. 矮壮的；结实的n. 应变应变能应变计应变诱发量子点应变率strength [streŋθ]n. 强度strength-to-weight ratio 比强度stress [str ɛs]n. 应力stress concentratorstress concentrationstress c orrosion crackingstress distributionstress gradientstress-induced martensite (SIM) stress intensity factorstress-matrixstress ratiostress-strain diagramstress tensorstress wavestretch [stret ʃ]strike [straik]structural optimization structural steelsub-disciplinesubdomainsubmicron ['sʌb'maikrɔn]substrate ['sʌbstreit] sufficient conditionsuper-hydrophobic superelasticity应力集中点应力集中应力腐蚀起裂应力分布应力梯度应力诱发马氏体应力强度因子应力矩阵应力比应力应变图应力张量应力波vt. & vi. 伸展，拉紧，.延伸vi. 走向结构优化结构钢分支学科n. 子域n. 亚微细米；亚微细粒adj. 表面活性剂的n. 基片；基底充分条件超蔬水n. 超弹性superposition [ˌsju:p p support [s 'pɔ:t] surface force ˈsurface traction ziʃ n] n. 叠加，重叠，叠合n. 支撑表面力表面力surfactant [s :'fækt nt] symmetric [si'm etrik]Ttangent matrixTaylor series expansionT-beamtectonophysics [,tekt n u'f iziks] tensile stresstensile strengthtensile-testing machinetensile test specimentension ['tenʃ n]tensor ['t ens ]tensor-transformation theoretical and applied mechanics thermal camerathermal expansion coefficient thermal stressthermo-fatigue n. 表面活性剂adj. 对称的切线矩阵泰勒级数展开T 型梁n. 构造物理学, 地壳构造物理学拉应力拉伸强度拉伸试验机拉伸试样n. 张量，张力，拉力n. 张量张量转换理论与应用力学热感照相机热膨胀系数热应力热疲劳thermography [θ :'mɔgr fi] n. 温度记录法；热熔印刷thermomechanics [θ :m umi'kæniks] thermosetting resin n. 热力学热固性树脂thrust [θrʌ st] vt.&vi. 抛掷tillage ['tilid ʒ] time derivative time lag n. 耕种，耕作时间导数时间滞后titanium [tai't eini m] n. 钛tolerating straintomographic [təu'mɔgrəfi] topography [tə'pɔgrəfi]topology optimizationtrade-offtransducer [træns'dju:s ə]transient termtransport equationTransmission Electron Microscope (TEM) transverse shear mode of cracking transversely isotropicTresca yield criteriontrial and errortrial functiontriaxiality [traiæksi'æliti]triclinic [trai'k linik]true stresstruncation errortruss [trʌs]turbulent flowtunable ['tju:n əbl]turbulent ['tə:bjul ənt]twinned boundarytwo-span beamUubiquitous [ju:'bikwit əs]ultimate tensile strengthultrasonics [,ʌltrə'sɔniks]容许应变n. X 线断层摄影术；X 线体层照相术n. 地质，地形学拓扑优化n. 权衡；取舍n. 传感器暂时项；衰减项输运方程；迁移方程透射电子显微镜裂纹横向剪切模式横观各向同性特雷斯加屈服准则试错试函数n. 三轴；三维adj. 三斜晶系的真实应力截断误差n. 桁架湍流流动adj. 可调谐的adj. 湍流的孪生边界双跨梁adj. 到处存在的最大拉伸强度n. 超声波, 超声学unbalance ['ʌn'bæl ns] unconditionally stable undamped [ʌn'dæmpt] uniaxial strainuniaxial stressuniaxial tensionunit impulseunload ['ʌn'l ud]upwind schemeVvacuum deposition technique variable ['vɛ ri bl]variational principlevector ['vekt ]vibration [vai'b rei ʃ n] vibratory ['vaibr t ri] Vierendeel trussvirtual designvisco-elasticviscoelastic wave viscoelasticity ['visk uilæs'tisiti] visco-plasticviscoplastic potentialviscosity [vis'k ɔsiti] viscosity coefficientviscous ['visk s]viscous dampingn. 不平衡无条件稳定的adj. 无阻尼的单轴应变单轴应力单轴拉伸单位脉冲vt.&vt. 卸载迎风格式真空淀积技术n. 变量adj. 可变的变分原理n. 矢量；向量n. 振动，震动adj. 振动的空腹桁架；弗伦第尔桁架虚拟设计粘弹性的粘弹性波n. 粘弹性粘塑性的粘塑性势n. 粘性粘性系数adj. 粘性的粘性阻尼。
结构力学专业英语双语词汇
结构力学结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition自然边界条件 natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵の组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量の组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵の组集 assembly of mass matrices单元の组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing 组合结构 composite structure。
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专业英语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
10. 建筑物（构筑物）construction works房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
11. 结构structure广义地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的实体，狭义地指各种工程实体的承重骨架。
12. 基础foundation将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重传递到地基的结构组成部分。
13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。
未经加工处理的称为天然地基。
14. 木结构timber structure以木材为主制作的结构15. 砌体结构masonry structure以砌体为主制作的结构。
它包括砖结构、石结构和其它材料的砌块结构。
有无筋砌体结构和配筋砌体结构。
16. 钢结构steel structure以钢材为主制作的结构。
其中由带钢或钢板经冷加工形成的型材所制作的结构称冷弯薄壁型钢结构。
17. 混凝土（砼）结构concrete structure以混凝土为主制作的结构。
它包括素混凝土结构、钢筋混凝土结构和预应力混凝土结构等。
18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure指具有特种用途的建筑物、构筑物，如高耸结构，包括塔、烟囱、桅、海洋平台、容器、构架等各种结构。
19. 房屋建筑building在固定地点，为使用者或占用物提供庇护覆盖进行生活、生产或其它活动家的实体。
20. 工业建筑industrial building提供生产用的各种建筑物，如车间、厂前区建筑、生活间、动力站、库房和运输设施等。
21. 民用建筑civil building; civil architecture指非生产性的居住建筑和公共建筑，如住宅、办公楼、幼儿园、学校、食堂、影剧院、商店、体育馆、旅馆、医院、展览馆等。
22. 公路highway联结城市和乡村，主要供汽车或其它车辆行驶并具备一定技术标准和设施的道路。
23. 公路网highway network一定区域内相互连络、交织成网状分布的公路系统。
24. 高速公路freeway具有四条或四条以上车道，设有中央分隔带，并具有完善的交通安全设施、管理设施和服务设施，为全立交、全封闭，专供汽车高速行驶的公路。
25. 干线公路arterial highway在公路网中起骨干作用的公路，分国家干线（国道）、省干线（省道）。
26. 支线公路feeder highway在公路网中起连接作用的一般公路，即县（县道）和乡（乡道）等公路。
27. 铁路（铁道）railway; railroad用机车牵引运货或运旅客的车厢组成列车，在一定轨距的轨道上行驶的交通运输线路。
28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway在直线地段，轨距为1435mm的铁路。
29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway在直线地段，轨距大于1435mm的铁路。
30. 窄轨距铁路narrow gauge railway在直线地段，轨距小于1435mm的铁路。
31. 铁路枢纽railway terminal在铁路网点或网端，由几个协同作业的车站、引入线路和联络路线组成的综合体。
32. 铁路车站railway station设有各种用途的线路，并办理列车通过、到发、列车技术作业及客货运业务的分界点。
33. 港口port; harbour具有水陆联运条件和设施，供船舶安全进出和停泊以进行货物装卸作业或上下旅客以及军事用的交通运输枢纽。
34. 港口水工建筑物marine structure供港口正常生产作业的临水或水中建筑物。
35. 通航（过船）建筑物navigation structure; navigation construction在栏河闸、坝或急流卡口等所形成的水位集中落差处，为使船舶或排筏安全顺利地航驶而修建的水工建筑物。
36. 灯塔light house在海洋、江河和湖泊航线中，指引船舶安全行驶、识别方位并设有发光樗的塔形建筑物。
37. 水利water conservancy为控制或调整天然水在空间和时间上的分布，防治洪水和旱涝灾害，合理开发和利用水资源而进行的活动，如治河防洪，灌溉排水，水土保持，水力发电，内河航运与生活、工业、环境供水以及跨流域调水等。
38. 水利枢纽multipurpose hydraulic project; key water-control project; hydro-junction为治理水患和开发利用水资源，在各种水域的一定范围内修建的若干座作用不同而相互配合的水工建筑物组成的综合体。
39. 水库reservoir为治理河流和开发水资源，在狭谷或丘陵地带河流上建档水坝，利用天然地形构成的蓄水设施。
40. 水工建筑物hydraulic structure; marine structure; maritime construction为水利、水利发电、港口与航道等工程修建的承受水作用的各种建筑物总称。
41. 档水建筑物water retaining structure; retaining works栏截水流、调蓄流量、壅高水位的水工建筑物。
42. 进水（取水）建筑物intake structure人河流、湖泊、水库等引进水流、控制流量、阻拦泥沙及漂浮物的水工建筑物。
43. 泄水建筑物outlet structure; outlet works; sluice works在水利枢纽或输水系统中，宣泄水量的水工建筑物。
44. 输水建筑物conveyance structure向供水目标输送水量的水工建筑物。
45. 整治建筑物rcgulating structure; training structure rectification structure为整治河流、航道、具有调整河床边界、改变水流结构、影响泥沙运动、控制河床演变等作用的水工建筑物。
46. 水电站hydro-electric station; hydropower station由河河湖海的沙滩有变为电能的各种设备及配套构筑物组成的综合体。
47. 水泵站（抽水站、扬水站、提水站）pump station设置抽水装置及其辅助设备，将水送往高处的配套建筑物。
48. 过木建筑物（过木设施）raftpass facility log pass facility供输送竹、木材通过闸、坝等挡水建筑物的工程设施。
49. 过钿建筑物（过钽设施）fishpass facility供鱼类通过拦河闸坝等挡水建筑物的工程设施。
50. 安全设施safety device为保障人、车、行船的安全，在房屋、公路、铁路和港口、航道沿线所设置的地道、天桥、航标、灯塔、照明设备、防水设施、护栏、标柱、标志、标线等设施的总称。
第二节房屋建筑结构术语1. 混合结构mixed structure不同材料的构件或部件混合组成的结构。
2. 板柱结构slab-colume system由楼板和柱（无梁）组成承重体系的房屋结构，如升板结构、无梁楼盖结构、整体预应力板柱结构。
3. 框架结构frame structure由梁柱组成的能承受竖向、水平作用所产生各种效应的单层、多层或高层结构。
4. 拱结构arch structure由拱作为承承重体系的结构。
5. 折板结构folded-plate structure由多块条形或其它外形的平板组合而成，能作承重、围护用的薄壁空间结构。
6. 壳体结构shell structure由各种形状的曲面板与边缘构件（梁、拱、桁架）组成的大跨度覆盖或围护的空间结构。
7. 风架结构space truss structure由多根杆件按一定网格形式通过节点连接而成的大跨度覆盖的空间结构。
8. 悬索结构cable-suspended structure由柔性受拉索及其边缘构件所组成的承重结构。
9. 充气结构pneumatic structure在以高分子材料制成的薄膜制品中充入空气后而形成房屋的结构。
分气承式和气管式两种结构形式。
10. 剪力墙（结构墙）结构shear wall structure在高层和多层建筑中，竖向和水平作用均由钢筋混凝土或预应力混凝土墙体承受的结构。
11. 框架—剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure在高层建筑或工业厂房中，剪力墙和框架共同承受竖向和水平作用的一种组合型结构。
12. 筒体结构tube structure由竖向箱形截面悬臂筒体组成的结构。
筒体有剪力墙围成竖向箱形截面的薄壁筒和密柱框架组成竖向箱形截面的框筒。