1_speculativeKnowledge
大学英语读写1 U6练习题
Unit 6 Animal IntelligenceI. VocabularyPart OneDirections: Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.1. dominant a. try to come to an agreement2. relieve b. taking great care to avoid danger3. thrive c. make larger or longer4. extend d. free from pain, anxiety5. maintain e. extremely impressive and attractive6. negotiate f. grow strong and healthy7. cautious g. continue to do or have sth.8. magnificent h. having control or authorityPart TwoDirections: Choose the proper words or expressions and put the number in the blanks.1. undertake2. wipe out3. serves our purpose4. evidence5. size up6. encounter7. controversy8. nevertheless9. pull yourself together10. typical11. go far12. threw up13. in his interest 14. release1. The more dangerous we ____ the harder should we push forward..2. These measures should _____ towards solving the problem.3. Such bragging is _____ of his behavior.4. You should try to ____ your memory of those terrible events.5. I t‟s a matter of duty. That‟s why I‟m prepared to _____ it.6. Just _____. There is no point crying about it.7. The contractor ____ some temporary sheds to hold the new equipment.8. This payment will _____ you from further obligation to the company.9. We have found a house that _____.10. It is _____ to keep in touch with a business contact.Part ThreeDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given in the bracket.1. The critic‟s ____ of the book is that i t is poorly written. (assess)2. He was a _____ investor who studied the market before buying. (caution)3. Sound the alarm only in an _____. (emergent)4. The child opened the package with _____ pleasure. (evidence)5. The new traffic regulations will cause much _____ among drivers. (controversial)6. New mathematics _____ new ways of thinking. (originality)7. The behavior of the stranger aroused our ______. (suspicious)8. The well-known singer was ______ at the piano by a brass band. (company)9. My sister had a very ______ nature, we all did what she wanted. (dominate)10.This library was ______ to the laboring people before liberation. (access)Part FourDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentence.1. The nurse ______ his pain by giving him a cold drink.A. releasedB. set freeC. relievedD. relived2. The islands are _____ from the mainland by a vast stretch of sea.A. isolated.B. dividedC. blockedD. split3. The factory was so organized that if the demand for refrigerators fell off they could ___ theproduction of washing-machines.A. negotiate withB. take toC. switch toD. hold out4. Mary didn‟t ______ the new rule her father made of being home at 6 o‟clock.A. take intoB. take afterC. take onD. take to5. As he approached the end of the race, he found it had to ____ his speed.A. carry onB. catch upC. maintainD. preserve6. Beer has a very distinctive smell, it‟s quite ____ from the smell of wine.A. distinctB. distinguishC. featureD. distinctive7. I can‟t ____ why she married a man like that.A. reason outB. figure outC. make out ofD. take out8. The teacher was _____ to find that John, the laziest boy in her class, had got an A in the English final examination.A. surprisedB. shockedC. astonishedD. amazed9. Many people ____ their lack of knowledge as soon as they start talking.A. displayB. dispatchC. disregardD. dissolve10. Dark glasses serve to _____ the eyes from the glare of the sun,A. saveB. shieldC. shelterD. defend11. ______ a slight mistake, the answer is correct.A. ExceptB. BesidesC. Apart fromD. In addition to12. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ___.A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response13. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ___ character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particular14. The proposal was ___ as too radical by the committee.A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. repelled15. The ex-convict went to another part of the country in an ____ to lead a new and law-abiding life.A. endeavorB. tryC. striveD. attempt16. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.A. extensiveB. expensiveC. intensiveD. expansive17. I was trying to ____ him ___, but failed because he didn‟t fit into any type I knew.A. check…throughB. size…upC. pick…outD. note…down18. Her peculiar personality _____ her unfortunate childhood.A. results inB. stems fromC. derives fromD. stands for19. Even at that early stage, the school felt that she ___ a good chance of passing her exams.A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took20. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few ___ apartments in the area.A. freeB. vacantC. emptyD. blankII. StructurePart OneDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. He met her in the doorway just as she ____ to go away.A. be about toB. is about toC. was about toD. will be about to2. Busy ___ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.A. becauseB. no matter howC. asD. although3. I urged that he ___ these steps.A. takesB. tookC. takeD. taking4. Many people are only dimly aware of the ways in which the environment can be protected; ___ have governments made sufficient effort to educate them.A. soB. norC. neitherD. but5. Would you mind ___ quiet for a moment? I am trying ___ a form.A. keeping…filling outB. keeping… to fill outC. to keep.. to fill outD. to keep…filling out6. Tom promised that he would not be late for the meeting this time, _____ he were late again?A. how aboutB. but whatC. but what ifD. and what about7. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by angry crowd.A. most of whichB. both of whomC. few of themD. those of which8. He opened his lips as if ___ something.A. sayingB. having saidC. saysD. to say9. The air pollution in this area has reached the point ____ residents have to shut their windows 24 hours a day.A. whichB. asC. thatD. where10. I‟d prefer _____ on such on a cold night.A. staying at home watching TV than going outB. to stay at home watching TV rather than go outC. staying at home watching TV to going outD. to stay at home watching TV than to go out11. ____ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.A. Should he have gone toB. If he went toC. Were he to goD. Had he gone to12. Very seldom _____ that two clocks or watches exactly agree.A. you findB. find youC. you will findD. do you find13. He was one of the first persons, ____ a car like this one.A. if not the first person drivingB. if not the first person, to driveC. if was not the first person drivingD. if was not the first person to drive14. Animal observations point out that the rabbit chews down trees to get food and material ____its home.A. with that to buildB. with which to buildC. which to be built inD. which to build in15. I can‟t understand _____ decision until it is late.A. him to postpone to makeB. him postpone makingC. his postpone to makeD. his postponing making16. _____ their inexperience, they‟ve done a good job.A. ConsideringB. GivenC. Allowing forD. all of the above17. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ____ to it.A. have not goneB. did not goC. had not goneD. should not have gone18. I object ____ for such a difficult job.A. His being too youngB. that he is too youngC. to his being too youngD. to him being too young19. They claim that ____ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.A. sufficientlyB. approximatelyC. considerablyD. properly20. Farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling through Grain Exchange. It happened too oftenthat they sold their wheat soon after harvest ____ see prices rising and speculators getting rich.A. only toB. so as toC. in order toD. in attempts toPart TwoDirections: Identify the ONE that is not correct and write down the correct answer.1. The new air-conditioner seems to have gone wrong. Why don‟t call the repairman to check it?A B C D( )2. Although the Indians lacking animals hey had the ability to cultivate plants suitable for dailyA B C Duse.( )3. As we approached to the village, we saw many new houses being built.A B C D ( )4. After interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A B C D ( )5. Our civilization is so commonplace to us that rarely we stop to think about its complexity.A B C D ( )6. The noise problem as well as several other issues is going to be discussed in details whenA Bthe Congress is in session again next spring.C Ｄ( )7. Either humans and animals learns by experience, and what is learned influences the planningA B Cand carrying out of simple actions.D ( )8. Early movies had appeal immediate and became a means to present contemporary attitudesＡ B C D fashions, and events. ( )9. Two unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.ＡＢＣ D( )10. Elephants are considered to be among the intelligent of mammals and can be trained toＡＢ C work and performing.Ｄ( )A)III. ClozePart OneDirections: Fill in the gaps with any word that you think fit.Pumas are large, cat-like animals that are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo 1 a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south 2 London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged3 investigate, for the descriptions4 by people who claimed to have seen the5 wereextraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village 6 a woman picking blackberries saw …a large cat‟ only five yards 7 from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 8 it is cornered. The search 9 difficult, for the puma was often observed at one 10 in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.A)Part TwoDirections: Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet（邮船）arrived upward from St. Louis, and 1 2 from Keokuk. Before these 3 , the day was glorious 4 expectancy; 5 them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the 6 village, felt this. After all these years I can 7 that old 8 to myself now, just as it was then: the white town 9 in the sunshine of a summer‟s morning; the street was 10 or pretty 11 so; one or two clerks sat in front of the water street stores, with their splint-bottomed (细木条底的) chairs tilted back 12 the walls, chins 13 breasts, hats 14 15 their faces, asleep — with shingle-shavings (屋顶板) enough around to show what broke them 16 ; a sow (母猪) and a 17 of pigs loafed18 the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds (西瓜皮) and seeds; two or threelonely little freight piles 19 about the “levee” (防洪提); two or three wood flats were at the head of the wharf, but nobody 20 listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them.1. A. one B. another C. the other D. others2. A. upward B. southward C. northward D. downward3. A. events B. incidents C. occurrence D. happenings4. A. of B. in C. with D. for5. A. except B. after C. without D. complete6. A. total B. all C. whole D. complete7. A. picture B. recall C. remember D. imagine8. A. times B. time C. picture D. memory9. A. drowsing B. drowses C. drowse D. drowsed10. A. vacant B. blank C. empty D. hollow11. A. nearly B. almost C. practically D. thus12. A. upon B. along C. with D. against13. A. at B. on C. by D. above14. A. slouch B. slouches C. slouched D. slouching15. A. over B. on C. above D. off16. A. up B. down C. out D. off17. A. group B. couple C. dozen D. litter18. A. across B. along C. about D. around19. A. scattered B. scattering C. scatter D. scatters20. A. can B. wants C. will D. wouldIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage OneA)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. Theyspoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you.Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs loves performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animals.1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ____.A.worsen in modern societyB.occur when they go wildC.be just part of their natureD.present at threat to the community2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ____.A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.enable the dog to regain its normal behaviorC.make the dog aware of its owner‟s authorityD.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ___.A.an extreme measure in obedience trainingB. a good way to teach the dog new tricksC.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksD.essential to solve the dog‟s beh avior problems4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A.To show their willingness to obeyB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To avoid being punishedD.To win leadership of the dog pack5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ___.A.will enjoy a better family lifeB.can give the dog more freedomC.can give the dog more rewardsD.will have more confidence in himselfPassage TwoThe human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of them may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure, quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon‟s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of human and as their cost declines through economies of scale, we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be minded. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A.By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or spaceB.By working hard for 10 or 20 yearsC.By either properly programming it or changing its structureD.By reproducing it.7. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He believes that they will control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesn‟t consider the construction of such machines possible.8. The word “ carbon” stands for _____.A.intelligent robotsB. a chemical elementC.its organic substanceD.human beings9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ____.A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of the present ones.10. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.A.after the installing of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable ofself-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility ofmaking a machine with human-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeRecent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill-effect on people‟s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative ions. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrow (地洞), dogs to howl and cats to jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to found a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers; small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not onlyclean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic (地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?A.They think they are mad.B.They feel very tired.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by _____.ing home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programs on a computer13. By observing the behavior of animals, scientists may be able to ____.A.prevent disasteranize groups of peopleC.predict earthquakesD.control areas of California14. A high negative ion count is likely to be found _____.A.near a pond with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler15. People should be able to come to a decision about ion in the air if they _____.A.note their own reactionsB.move to a healthier areaC.observe domestic animalsD.watch how wealthy people behavePassage FourThe first step in exercising for most people is determining whether or not they should. This is particularly true with anyone over thirty-five, especially if they have been heavy smokers. Likewise, young adults who have been very inactive should proceed slowly and with caution. A physical evaluation from a physician is recommended, preferably one that includes an exercise-stress test. While a person is exercising, a stress test detects cardiovascular (心血管的) problems that might not show up when the body is at rest. This is done by monitoring blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, and the heart‟s electrical activity while exercising.Whatever exercise program is selected, it is important to start with warm-up periods. These should include stretching exercises, jumping jacks (原地跳跃运动), or brisk walking. The idea is to increase heart rate and circulation slowly without placing a sudden strain on the heart or the muscles that are starting to work.The next phase in developing an exercise program is to determine the amount of exercise that is enough to condition the muscles and cardiovascular system without overly straining to body. This involves taking one‟s pulse and finding one‟s target zone. This ta rget zone, or safe-training pulse rate, is established by subtracting one‟s age from 220 and then taking 60 percent to 80 percent of that total. If you are just starting to exercise 60 percent is recommended; 80 percent is recommended if you are already in good condition.16. According to the passage, any one over thirty-five should ______.A.stop smoking right awayB.do morning exercises every dayC.take an exercise-stress test before exercisingD.go and see a doctor after exercising17. Which of the following is not included in a stress test?A.Monitoring blood pressureB.Observing one‟s pulse rateC.Watching one‟s oxygen consumptionD.Increasing one‟s heart rate.18. The author suggests that if you are healthy and at the age of 40, the safe-training pulse rateshould be _____.A.220B.144C.108D.8019. The word “phase” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as _____.A.conditionB.appearanceC.stepD.expression20. The passage is mainly about ______.A.what steps should be taken when exercisingB.how to get started on an exercise programC.how to select an exercise programD.when to start exercisingV. TranslationPart One一天，苏姗带她两岁的女儿安妮到郊外的动物园玩。
英语哲学思想解读50题
英语哲学思想解读50题1. The statement "All is flux" was proposed by _____.A. PlatoB. AristotleC. HeraclitusD. Socrates答案：C。
本题考查古希腊哲学思想家的观点。
赫拉克利特提出了“万物皆流”的观点。
选项A 柏拉图强调理念论；选项B 亚里士多德注重实体和形式；选项D 苏格拉底主张通过对话和反思来寻求真理。
2. "Know thyself" is a famous saying from _____.A. ThalesB. PythagorasC. DemocritusD. Socrates答案：D。
此题考查古希腊哲学家的名言。
“认识你自己”是苏格拉底的名言。
选项A 泰勒斯主要研究自然哲学；选项B 毕达哥拉斯以数学和神秘主义著称；选项C 德谟克利特提出了原子论。
3. Which philosopher believed that the world is composed of water?A. AnaximenesB. AnaximanderC. ThalesD. Heraclitus答案：C。
本题考查古希腊哲学家对世界构成的看法。
泰勒斯认为世界是由水组成的。
选项A 阿那克西美尼认为是气；选项B 阿那克西曼德认为是无定；选项D 赫拉克利特提出万物皆流。
4. The idea of the "Forms" was put forward by _____.A. PlatoB. AristotleC. EpicurusD. Stoics答案：A。
这道题考查古希腊哲学中的概念。
柏拉图提出了“理念论”，即“形式”。
选项B 亚里士多德对其进行了批判和发展；选项C 伊壁鸠鲁主张快乐主义；选项D 斯多葛学派强调道德和命运。
5. Who claimed that "The unexamined life is not worth living"?A. PlatoB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Epicurus答案：C。
declarative knowledge英文定义
declarative knowledge英文定义Declarative knowledge refers to the knowledge that can be expressed in the form of propositions or statements. It is a type of knowledge that describes facts, concepts, principles, and relationships. Declarative knowledge can be either true or false and can be expressed in a declarative sentence.Declarative knowledge is different from procedural knowledge, which refers to knowledge about how to perform a task or activity. While declarative knowledge represents facts and information, procedural knowledge represents skills and know-how. Declarative knowledge is often acquired through formal education, reading, observation, or other forms of learning. It can be stored in long-term memory and retrieved when needed.One of the important characteristics of declarative knowledge is that it can be shared and communicated. It can be transferred from one person to another through language, writing, or other means of communication. Declarative knowledge is essential for various aspects of human life, including education, science, technology, and culture.In summary, declarative knowledge is the knowledge that can be expressed in the form of propositions or statements, representing facts, concepts, principles, and relationships. It is different from procedural knowledge and can be acquired, stored, and shared through various means of learning and communication.。
将科学知识用英语表达出来作文
将科学知识用英语表达出来作文Title: The Essence of Scientific Knowledge.In the vast expanse of human thought and inquiry, scientific knowledge stands as a beacon of rationality and progress. It is the foundation upon which we build our understanding of the world, explaining phenomena, predicting outcomes, and enabling us to make informed decisions. The journey of scientific discovery is an ongoing quest, one that involves observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and refinement.At its core, scientific knowledge is built on observation. Scientists are constantly on the lookout for patterns, trends, and anomalies in nature. These observations are the raw materials for further investigation. They might come from the tiniest particles in a laboratory experiment or the vastest reaches of the universe, but they all play a crucial role in shaping our understanding.Once observations are made, scientists form hypothesesto explain them. These hypotheses are testable explanations for why something happens the way it does. They are notmere guesses but are backed by existing evidence and theory. The scientific method demands that hypotheses befalsifiable, meaning there should be a way to prove them wrong. This ensures that scientific knowledge is always subject to scrutiny and refinement.Experimentation is the next step in the scientific process. Scientists design experiments to test their hypotheses under controlled conditions. These experiments might involve manipulating variables, collecting data, or making observations. The goal is to see if the hypothesis stands up to scrutiny and if it can predict or explain observed phenomena.If the experiments support the hypothesis, it begins to gain acceptance within the scientific community. However, even then, it remains tentative and subject to further testing and refinement. Science is an ongoing dialoguebetween observation, theory, and experiment, with knowledge constantly evolving and adapting as new evidence becomes available.Scientific knowledge is also cumulative. It builds upon the work of previous scientists, who have madecontributions to our understanding of the world. This cumulative nature of science means that knowledge accumulates over time, with each new discovery adding to our understanding of the universe.Moreover, scientific knowledge is objective. It is based on observable facts and reproducible experiments, rather than subjective opinions or individual beliefs. This objectivity is crucial for ensuring that scientificfindings can be trusted and relied upon. It allows us to make predictions, design technologies, and develop policies based on solid evidence.In conclusion, scientific knowledge is the foundation of our understanding of the world. It is built on observations, hypotheses, experiments, and cumulativelearning. Its objectivity and adaptability make it a powerful tool for explaining phenomena, predicting outcomes, and informing decision-making. As we continue to exploreand discover more about the universe, the importance of scientific knowledge will only grow.。
理论知识的价值英语作文
理论知识的价值英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Value of Theoretical KnowledgeAs a student, I've often found myself questioning the value of the theoretical knowledge I'm expected to learn. Why do I need to study abstract concepts and ideas that seem so disconnected from the real world? Wouldn't it be better to just focus on practical skills that will help me get a job after graduation?However, the more I've delved into my studies, the more I've come to appreciate the immense importance of theoretical knowledge. Theory provides the foundation for understanding and solving complex problems in any field. Without a strong theoretical base, we would be limited to a superficial, fragmented view of the world around us.Take the field of physics, for example. The theories of relativity and quantum mechanics, which seem utterly abstract and counterintuitive at first glance, have paved the way for countless technological advancements that have transformedour lives. From GPS navigation to medical imaging techniques, many of the tools we rely on daily wouldn't exist without the theoretical breakthroughs of brilliant minds like Einstein and Bohr.But the value of theoretical knowledge extends far beyond the realms of science and technology. In the humanities and social sciences, theoretical frameworks provide us with lenses through which to understand complex human behaviors, societies, and cultural phenomena. Theories of psychology, for instance, help us make sense of the intricate workings of the human mind and the factors that shape our thoughts, emotions, and actions.Even in disciplines like literature and art, theoretical knowledge plays a crucial role. Literary theory equips us with tools to analyze and interpret texts, uncovering layers of meaning and cultural significance that might otherwise go unnoticed. Art theory, similarly, offers frameworks for understanding and appreciating the creative processes and cultural contexts that shape artistic expressions.Theoretical knowledge also fosters critical thinking and analytical skills, which are invaluable assets in any field or profession. By grappling with abstract concepts and exploringdifferent theoretical perspectives, we develop the ability to think critically, question assumptions, and consider multiple viewpoints. These skills are essential for solving complex problems, navigating ambiguity, and making well-informed decisions in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing world.Furthermore, theoretical knowledge often serves as the catalyst for innovation and progress. Many groundbreaking discoveries and inventions have their roots in theoretical explorations that seemed impractical or irrelevant at the time. For example, the theoretical work of mathematicians and computer scientists in fields like information theory and algorithms laid the groundwork for the development of the internet and modern computing technologies.Critics of theoretical knowledge might argue that it's impractical and disconnected from the real world. However, this criticism often stems from a limited understanding of the nature of theoretical knowledge and its applications. Theoretical knowledge isn't meant to be purely abstract or divorced from reality; rather, it provides a framework for understanding and engaging with the complexities of the world around us.Ultimately, the value of theoretical knowledge lies in its ability to deepen our understanding, foster critical thinking, andpave the way for innovation and progress. While practical skills are undoubtedly important, theoretical knowledge provides the foundation upon which these skills can be effectively applied and extended.As a student, I've come to appreciate the intrinsic value of grappling with abstract concepts and exploring different theoretical perspectives. It's a challenging but rewarding journey that expands my intellectual horizons, sharpens my analytical abilities, and equips me with the tools to tackle complex problems in any field or profession I pursue.In a rapidly changing world, the ability to think critically, question assumptions, and consider multiple viewpoints is invaluable. Theoretical knowledge cultivates these essential skills, empowering us to navigate ambiguity, solve complex problems, and drive innovation and progress.While the immediate practical applications of theoretical knowledge may not always be apparent, its value lies in its capacity to deepen our understanding, foster intellectual growth, and lay the groundwork for future breakthroughs and advancements. As students, embracing theoretical knowledge not only enriches our academic experience but also equips uswith the tools to make meaningful contributions to our fields and society at large.篇2The Value of Theoretical KnowledgeAs a student, I often find myself questioning the true value and purpose behind learning all of the theoretical knowledge that is thrown my way in classes. Why do I need to understand complex mathematical models, memorize the minutiae of historical events, or analyze philosophical theories? In our modern world that seems to prioritize practical and job-ready skills, the importance of theoretical knowledge can sometimes feel obsolete. However, upon deeper reflection, I have come to realize that theoretical knowledge is not only valuable but vital for our personal growth, ability to think critically, and progress as a society.At its core, theoretical knowledge encompasses the fundamental principles, ideas, and frameworks that underpin and shape our understanding of the world around us. It covers a vast array of disciplines, from the hard sciences like physics and chemistry to the social sciences like psychology and sociology, as well as the humanities such as philosophy, literature, and history.This expansive knowledge base acts as the foundation upon which practical applications and real-world solutions are built.One of the primary values of theoretical knowledge lies in its ability to nurture our intellectual curiosity and foster a deeper comprehension of the complexities that surround us. By delving into abstract concepts and exploring different perspectives, we challenge ourselves to think beyond the surface level and develop a more nuanced understanding of the intricate systems and forces that govern our existence. This expanded worldview not only enhances our personal growth but also equips us with the critical thinking skills necessary to navigate an increasingly complex and interconnected global landscape.Moreover, theoretical knowledge serves as a catalyst for innovation and progress. Throughout history, groundbreaking advancements and revolutionary discoveries have emerged from the pursuit of theoretical understanding. Einstein's theory of relativity, for instance, challenged our fundamental notions of space and time, paving the way for profound technological breakthroughs in fields like GPS and nuclear energy. Similarly, the theoretical frameworks established by thinkers like Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes have shaped our modern economic systems and policies. Without the curiosity to exploretheoretical concepts and the willingness to question existing paradigms, humanity's capacity for advancement would be severely hindered.Furthermore, theoretical knowledge plays a crucial role in fostering empathy, cultural understanding, and social cohesion. By studying subjects like literature, philosophy, and anthropology, we gain insights into the human condition, various belief systems, and the rich tapestry of cultural diversity that exists within our global community. This exposure not only broadens our perspectives but also cultivates a deeper appreciation for different ways of life, ultimately promoting greater tolerance, respect, and harmonious coexistence.It is important to acknowledge, however, that the pursuit of theoretical knowledge should not be an end in itself. Rather, it should serve as a means to enrich our lives, inspire critical thinking, and drive positive change. The true value of theoretical knowledge lies in its ability to inform and guide practical applications that can improve the human condition, address societal challenges, and propel us towards a more sustainable and equitable future.In our increasingly specialized and compartmentalized world, there is a risk of losing sight of the interconnectedness ofknowledge and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. By embracing theoretical knowledge from diverse fields, we can foster greater cross-pollination of ideas and foster innovative solutions to complex problems that transcend traditional boundaries.Ultimately, the value of theoretical knowledge extends far beyond the confines of academic institutions or intellectual pursuits. It shapes our worldview, fuels our curiosity, and empowers us to think critically, question assumptions, and drive progress. As students, it is our responsibility to embrace this knowledge not merely as a means to an end but as a lifelong journey of exploration, growth, and contribution to the betterment of society.In conclusion, theoretical knowledge is the bedrock upon which our understanding of the world is built. It fosters intellectual curiosity, critical thinking, empathy, and innovation, and serves as a catalyst for personal growth and societal progress. By valuing and embracing theoretical knowledge across disciplines, we equip ourselves with the tools to navigate the complexities of our world, challenge existing paradigms, and work towards a more enlightened and harmonious future.篇3The Value of Theoretical KnowledgeAs a student, I often find myself questioning the practical value of the theoretical knowledge I'm expected to absorb in many of my classes. Especially in subjects like mathematics, philosophy, and theoretical physics, it can sometimes feel like I'm being asked to memorize abstract concepts and formulas that have no obvious real-world application. Why do I need to learn about concepts like limits, the ontological argument for God's existence, or quantum field theory? Wouldn't my time be better spent learning things that will be directly useful for whatever career I end up pursuing?This attitude is understandable, especially given the intense pressures students face to not just excel academically, but to develop marketable skills that will allow us to find good jobs after graduation. In an increasingly competitive global economy, it's only natural to want to focus on learning things that will make us employable. And let's be honest, not everything we're taught in school is going to be directly applicable to our future careers.However, I would argue that even seemingly abstract, theoretical knowledge has immense value that extends far beyond its obvious practical utility. Perhaps most importantly,learning theoretical concepts challenges us to think critically, logically, and abstractly — cognitive skills that are useful no matter what field we go into.Take mathematics, for example. Very few careers actually require an in-depth understanding of concepts like topology or real analysis. And yet, the process of learning this seemingly esoteric mathematics forces students to rigorously analyze problems, think in symbolic and abstract terms, and develop comfort with complexity. These skills are invaluable in any intellectually demanding career, from engineering and computer science to economics and finance.Moreover, theoretical knowledge often turns out to have profound practical applications, even if those applications aren't immediately apparent. The history of science is full of examples of abstract theories that were initially dismissed as impractical, only to later enable revolutionary technological breakthroughs. The mind-bending theories of quantum mechanics, for instance, now make possible technologies like lasers, semiconductors, and MRI machines — not to mention nuclear power, for better or worse.At a deeper level, theoretical knowledge is valuable because it allows us to better understand the fundamental nature ofreality itself. Subjects like physics, cosmology, and evolutionary biology offer insights into the origins of the universe, the laws that govern it, and our own place within it as conscious beings. Philosophy wrestles with foundational questions about the nature of existence, knowledge, morality, and the mind. While not always easily applicable to our day-to-day lives, this deeper understanding of the world and our role in it can profoundly shape how we think about ourselves and our purpose.Moreover, theoretical knowledge advances human civilization and culture in ways that transcend purely practical or economic considerations. The search for abstract truths through mathematics, philosophy, and theoretical science represents humanity's noblest intellectual pursuit — an attempt to comprehend the deepest mysteries of existence through reason alone. While not lucrative in any obvious financial sense, this quest for knowledge is ultimately what allows our species to progress beyond mere subsistence and survival. It is what has given us literature, art, music, and the ability to ponder the cosmos and our place within it.Admittedly, as students, we don't always have the luxury of pondering the furthest frontiers of human knowledge. We have problem sets to turn in, exams to prepare for, and a seeminglyendless list of requirements to fulfill before we can earn our degrees. Under this immense pressure, it's easy to lose sight of the deeper value of what we're learning, instead viewing education as little more than an impersonal credentialing process — a hoop to jump through on our way to gainful employment.But I would implore my fellow students to not succumb to this reductive, purely pragmatic view of education. As difficult as it may be, we must remember that the knowledge we're asked to grapple with, however abstract or theoretical it may seem, is ultimately what elevates us as human beings. It is through rigorously engaging with complex ideas, even those that may initially appear impractical, that we hone our intellects and push the boundaries of our understanding.So while carving out time to ponder quantum field theory or the ontological argument may seem like a luxury when we're overwhelmed with assignments and responsibilities, I would argue it is absolutely essential — not just for our personal intellectual development, but for the flourishing of human civilization itself. For it is our profoundly human capacity to wrestle with theoretical abstractions, to ceaselessly ask questions and probe the depths of reality through reason alone, that hasallowed our species to rise from the caves to reach literally for the stars.In an era where education is increasingly viewed through the lens of job training and economic utility, we must insist on preserving the vital role of theoretical knowledge, in all its sublime impracticality. For it is ultimately this intellectual and spiritual sustenance, even more than any technological or economic gains, that nourishes the human spirit and propels us forward as a species.。
哲学英语基础词汇
哲学专业英语Western philosophy西方哲学Ancient Greek-Roman philosophy古希腊罗马哲学Hellenistic philosophy希腊化哲学 Medieval philosophy中世纪哲学Renaissance philosophy文艺复兴哲学Modern western philosophy西方近代哲学Contemporary western philosophy西方现代哲学Jewish philosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology艺术哲学Philosophy of artMetaphysics形而上学Epistemology认识论/知识论Methodology方法论ontology本体论Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论Theory of value/axiology价值论Cognosciblism可知论Agnosticism不可知论Materialism唯物主义Irrationalism非理性主义abstract/concrete抽象/具体Idealism唯心主义Objective /Subjective idealism客/主观唯心主义Scepticism怀疑主义Substance实体Sensibility/understanding/ reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神论Antitheism 无神论Deism自然神论pantheism泛神论Dialectical materialism辩证唯物主义Historical materialism历史唯物主义Law of identity同一律teleology目的论mechanism机械论dialectics辩证法consciousness意识spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality现实，实在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主义Spiritualism唯灵论form形式existence存在appearance现象essence本质prime matter原初质料motion运动Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性time and space时间与空间Past-present-future过去/现在/未来cause and effect原因与结果subject and object主体与客体subjectivity主体性Necessity and contingency必然性与偶然性Universals and individuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别relative and absolute相对与绝对intuition直觉idea观念thought思维perception知觉subsistence潜在knowledge知识opinion意见Nature自然Actuality/reality现实Reality实在Necessity and freedom必然与自由archetype原型illusion幻象image形像，影像ideology意识形态mind-body problem身心问题representative theory of idea表象说finite and infinite有限与无限humanism人道主义，人文主义Natural theology自然神学substratum基质being存在non-being非存在atom原子void虚空element元素four roots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection两分法becoming生成irony讥讽Virtue is knowledge美德即知识world of idea理念世界Infinite regress argument无穷后退证明sense world感性世界，感官世界harmony和谐theory of Imitation模仿说copy摹本archetype模型，原型paradigm范式model of universal宇宙模型，世界模型soul of universal宇宙灵魂，世界灵魂Philosopher-king哲学王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义（four cardinal virtue四主德）Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠，创造者Genus种primary/secondary substance第一、二实体form and matter形式与质料accident偶性potentiality and actuality潜能与现实efficient cause动力因final cause目的因Good/highest good善/至善Category范畴active reason/active intellect主动理性/主动理智mean中道，中庸wisdom智慧Practical wisdom实践智慧intellectual virtue理智德性the liar说谎者logos of the universe宇宙理性Theory of recollection回忆说pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义atomism原子论Good being nature善即自然doctrine of like knows like同类相知说platonism柏拉图主义theory of idea理念论aristotelianism亚里士多德主义purification净化说induction归纳法canonic准则学privation缺失，匮乏Cynics犬儒学派sophists智者academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园academics学园派Christianity基督教Christian philosophy基督教哲学Judaism犹太教heresy异端Church fathers教父Providence天意，天命theology神学faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱grace神恩，神惠，恩宠Original sin 原罪Justification by faith因信称义realism唯实论（ extreme/moderate ）cosmological argument宇宙论证明Moral argument道德论证明Rationalism唯理论（ materialistic/idealistic ）Empiricism经验论（materialistic/idealistic）Social contract theory社会契约论Geographical determinism地理环境决定论Classical German philosophy德国古典哲学The reformation宗教改革运动Enlightenment启蒙运动French materialism法国唯物主义Mechanistic materialism机械唯物论maximum极大minimum极小utopia乌托邦universal intellect普遍理智property and form性质与形式extension广延first principle第一原理Real/nominal essence实在/名义本质causation因果关系cause原因/effect结果experience经验Material/Spiritual substance物质/精神实体thinking substance思想实体，思维实体Innate idea天赋观念theory of substance实体论theory of attribute属性论true idea真观念attribute属性experience经验（external/internal）sensation and reflection感觉与反省abstraction抽象作用abstract idea抽象观念Simple/complex idea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义personal identity人格同一性school of continental Rationalism大陆理性派British empirists英国经验派Cambridge platonism 剑桥柏拉图主义Scottish school of common sense苏格兰常识学派Old Hegelians老年黑格尔派Young Hegelians青年黑格尔派Right Hegelians黑格尔右派Left Hegelians黑格尔左派Speculative philosophy 思辨哲学Relative/finite substance相对的或有限的实体Absolute/infinite substance绝对的或无限的实体Infinite attribute无限的属性Theory of modes样态论Mode 样态，样式Sensation/reflection感觉/反省External/internal experience外部/内部经验Abstraction抽象作用Small perception微知觉Principle of continuity连续性原则Idea of substance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念 real/fantastical ideas实在/幻想观念Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识 real/nominal essence实在/名义本质innate human right天赋人权will of all全体意志cognition认知Complete notion完满性观念（莱布尼兹）Best of all possible world可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感——sentimentalismscience of human nature人性科学human nature/humanity人性existence is to be perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论idea and notion观念与意念impression and ideas印象与观念contiguity in time and space接近关系causal relation因果关系Appearance现象（康德）critical philosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论copernican revolution哥白尼的革命pure reason纯粹理性appearance现象practical reason实践理性good will善良意志moral law道德律Analytic-synthetic分析-综合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性command律令representation表象Metaphysical deduction形而上学演绎Metaphysical exposition形而上学阐明Metaphysics of morals道德性而上学Metaphysics of nature自然形而上学transcendental idealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义transcendental先验的transcendent超验的Transcendental illusion先验幻象Transcendental logic先验逻辑Transcendental ideal先验的理想Transcendental reflection先验反思A priori and synthetic judgement 先天综合判断taste鉴赏力Thing-for-itself为我之物A priori先天A posteriori后天Anthropology 人本学Absolute religion绝对宗教Free spirit自由精神Objective spirit客观精神practical spirit实践精神theoretical spirit理论精神Subjective spirit主观精神Externalization外化objectification对象化Position肯定Negation否定sublation扬弃absolute idea绝对理念absolute spirit 绝对精神philosophy of mind精神哲学subjective/objective spirit主/客观精神civil society市民社会dialectic辩证法actuality现实anthropologism 人本主义asceticism 禁欲主义atomism 原子论，原子学说atonement 赎罪sense perception 感性知觉sentience 感觉现象；原始感觉theory of reflection 反映论theory of relativity 相对论theory of representation 表象论Bible《圣经》Confessions《忏悔录》Utopia《乌托邦》Advancement of learning《学术的进展》Human nature《论人性》A treatise of human nature《人性论》The natural history of religion 《宗教的自然史》Discourse on method《方法谈》The principles of philosophy《哲学原理》Apology for learned ignorance《论有学问的无知》The principles of Descartes philosophy《笛卡尔哲学原理》The ethics《伦理学》Critique of pure reason《纯粹理性批判》Critique of practical reason 《实践理性批判》Critique of judgement《判断力批判》。
大学英语读写1 U6练习题
Unit 6 Animal IntelligenceI. VocabularyPart OneDirections: Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.1. dominant a. try to come to an agreement2. relieve b. taking great care to avoid danger3. thrive c. make larger or longer4. extend d. free from pain, anxiety5. maintain e. extremely impressive and attractive6. negotiate f. grow strong and healthy7. cautious g. continue to do or have sth.8. magnificent h. having control or authorityPart TwoDirections: Choose the proper words or expressions and put the number in the blanks.1. undertake2. wipe out3. serves our purpose4. evidence5. size up6. encounter7. controversy8. nevertheless9. pull yourself together10. typical11. go far12. threw up13. in his interest 14. release1. The more dangerous we ____ the harder should we push forward..2. These measures should _____ towards solving the problem.3. Such bragging is _____ of his behavior.4. You should try to ____ your memory of those terrible events.5. I t‟s a matter of duty. That‟s why I‟m prepared to _____ it.6. Just _____. There is no point crying about it.7. The contractor ____ some temporary sheds to hold the new equipment.8. This payment will _____ you from further obligation to the company.9. We have found a house that _____.10. It is _____ to keep in touch with a business contact.Part ThreeDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given in the bracket.1. The critic‟s ____ of the book is that i t is poorly written. (assess)2. He was a _____ investor who studied the market before buying. (caution)3. Sound the alarm only in an _____. (emergent)4. The child opened the package with _____ pleasure. (evidence)5. The new traffic regulations will cause much _____ among drivers. (controversial)6. New mathematics _____ new ways of thinking. (originality)7. The behavior of the stranger aroused our ______. (suspicious)8. The well-known singer was ______ at the piano by a brass band. (company)9. My sister had a very ______ nature, we all did what she wanted. (dominate)10.This library was ______ to the laboring people before liberation. (access)Part FourDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentence.1. The nurse ______ his pain by giving him a cold drink.A. releasedB. set freeC. relievedD. relived2. The islands are _____ from the mainland by a vast stretch of sea.A. isolated.B. dividedC. blockedD. split3. The factory was so organized that if the demand for refrigerators fell off they could ___ theproduction of washing-machines.A. negotiate withB. take toC. switch toD. hold out4. Mary didn‟t ______ the new rule her father made of being home at 6 o‟clock.A. take intoB. take afterC. take onD. take to5. As he approached the end of the race, he found it had to ____ his speed.A. carry onB. catch upC. maintainD. preserve6. Beer has a very distinctive smell, it‟s quite ____ from the smell of wine.A. distinctB. distinguishC. featureD. distinctive7. I can‟t ____ why she married a man like that.A. reason outB. figure outC. make out ofD. take out8. The teacher was _____ to find that John, the laziest boy in her class, had got an A in the English final examination.A. surprisedB. shockedC. astonishedD. amazed9. Many people ____ their lack of knowledge as soon as they start talking.A. displayB. dispatchC. disregardD. dissolve10. Dark glasses serve to _____ the eyes from the glare of the sun,A. saveB. shieldC. shelterD. defend11. ______ a slight mistake, the answer is correct.A. ExceptB. BesidesC. Apart fromD. In addition to12. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ___.A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response13. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ___ character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particular14. The proposal was ___ as too radical by the committee.A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. repelled15. The ex-convict went to another part of the country in an ____ to lead a new and law-abiding life.A. endeavorB. tryC. striveD. attempt16. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.A. extensiveB. expensiveC. intensiveD. expansive17. I was trying to ____ him ___, but failed because he didn‟t fit into any type I knew.A. check…throughB. size…upC. pick…outD. note…down18. Her peculiar personality _____ her unfortunate childhood.A. results inB. stems fromC. derives fromD. stands for19. Even at that early stage, the school felt that she ___ a good chance of passing her exams.A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took20. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few ___ apartments in the area.A. freeB. vacantC. emptyD. blankII. StructurePart OneDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. He met her in the doorway just as she ____ to go away.A. be about toB. is about toC. was about toD. will be about to2. Busy ___ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.A. becauseB. no matter howC. asD. although3. I urged that he ___ these steps.A. takesB. tookC. takeD. taking4. Many people are only dimly aware of the ways in which the environment can be protected; ___ have governments made sufficient effort to educate them.A. soB. norC. neitherD. but5. Would you mind ___ quiet for a moment? I am trying ___ a form.A. keeping…filling outB. keeping… to fill outC. to keep.. to fill outD. to keep…filling out6. Tom promised that he would not be late for the meeting this time, _____ he were late again?A. how aboutB. but whatC. but what ifD. and what about7. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by angry crowd.A. most of whichB. both of whomC. few of themD. those of which8. He opened his lips as if ___ something.A. sayingB. having saidC. saysD. to say9. The air pollution in this area has reached the point ____ residents have to shut their windows 24 hours a day.A. whichB. asC. thatD. where10. I‟d prefer _____ on such on a cold night.A. staying at home watching TV than going outB. to stay at home watching TV rather than go outC. staying at home watching TV to going outD. to stay at home watching TV than to go out11. ____ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.A. Should he have gone toB. If he went toC. Were he to goD. Had he gone to12. Very seldom _____ that two clocks or watches exactly agree.A. you findB. find youC. you will findD. do you find13. He was one of the first persons, ____ a car like this one.A. if not the first person drivingB. if not the first person, to driveC. if was not the first person drivingD. if was not the first person to drive14. Animal observations point out that the rabbit chews down trees to get food and material ____its home.A. with that to buildB. with which to buildC. which to be built inD. which to build in15. I can‟t understand _____ decision until it is late.A. him to postpone to makeB. him postpone makingC. his postpone to makeD. his postponing making16. _____ their inexperience, they‟ve done a good job.A. ConsideringB. GivenC. Allowing forD. all of the above17. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ____ to it.A. have not goneB. did not goC. had not goneD. should not have gone18. I object ____ for such a difficult job.A. His being too youngB. that he is too youngC. to his being too youngD. to him being too young19. They claim that ____ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.A. sufficientlyB. approximatelyC. considerablyD. properly20. Farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling through Grain Exchange. It happened too oftenthat they sold their wheat soon after harvest ____ see prices rising and speculators getting rich.A. only toB. so as toC. in order toD. in attempts toPart TwoDirections: Identify the ONE that is not correct and write down the correct answer.1. The new air-conditioner seems to have gone wrong. Why don‟t call the repairman to check it?A B C D( )2. Although the Indians lacking animals hey had the ability to cultivate plants suitable for dailyA B C Duse.( )3. As we approached to the village, we saw many new houses being built.A B C D ( )4. After interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A B C D ( )5. Our civilization is so commonplace to us that rarely we stop to think about its complexity.A B C D ( )6. The noise problem as well as several other issues is going to be discussed in details whenA Bthe Congress is in session again next spring.C Ｄ( )7. Either humans and animals learns by experience, and what is learned influences the planningA B Cand carrying out of simple actions.D ( )8. Early movies had appeal immediate and became a means to present contemporary attitudesＡ B C D fashions, and events. ( )9. Two unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.ＡＢＣ D( )10. Elephants are considered to be among the intelligent of mammals and can be trained toＡＢ C work and performing.Ｄ( )A)III. ClozePart OneDirections: Fill in the gaps with any word that you think fit.Pumas are large, cat-like animals that are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo 1 a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south 2 London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged3 investigate, for the descriptions4 by people who claimed to have seen the5 wereextraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village 6 a woman picking blackberries saw …a large cat‟ only five yards 7 from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 8 it is cornered. The search 9 difficult, for the puma was often observed at one 10 in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.A)Part TwoDirections: Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet（邮船）arrived upward from St. Louis, and 1 2 from Keokuk. Before these 3 , the day was glorious 4 expectancy; 5 them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the 6 village, felt this. After all these years I can 7 that old 8 to myself now, just as it was then: the white town 9 in the sunshine of a summer‟s morning; the street was 10 or pretty 11 so; one or two clerks sat in front of the water street stores, with their splint-bottomed (细木条底的) chairs tilted back 12 the walls, chins 13 breasts, hats 14 15 their faces, asleep — with shingle-shavings (屋顶板) enough around to show what broke them 16 ; a sow (母猪) and a 17 of pigs loafed18 the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds (西瓜皮) and seeds; two or threelonely little freight piles 19 about the “levee” (防洪提); two or three wood flats were at the head of the wharf, but nobody 20 listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them.1. A. one B. another C. the other D. others2. A. upward B. southward C. northward D. downward3. A. events B. incidents C. occurrence D. happenings4. A. of B. in C. with D. for5. A. except B. after C. without D. complete6. A. total B. all C. whole D. complete7. A. picture B. recall C. remember D. imagine8. A. times B. time C. picture D. memory9. A. drowsing B. drowses C. drowse D. drowsed10. A. vacant B. blank C. empty D. hollow11. A. nearly B. almost C. practically D. thus12. A. upon B. along C. with D. against13. A. at B. on C. by D. above14. A. slouch B. slouches C. slouched D. slouching15. A. over B. on C. above D. off16. A. up B. down C. out D. off17. A. group B. couple C. dozen D. litter18. A. across B. along C. about D. around19. A. scattered B. scattering C. scatter D. scatters20. A. can B. wants C. will D. wouldIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage OneA)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. Theyspoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you.Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs loves performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animals.1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ____.A.worsen in modern societyB.occur when they go wildC.be just part of their natureD.present at threat to the community2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ____.A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.enable the dog to regain its normal behaviorC.make the dog aware of its owner‟s authorityD.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ___.A.an extreme measure in obedience trainingB. a good way to teach the dog new tricksC.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksD.essential to solve the dog‟s beh avior problems4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A.To show their willingness to obeyB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To avoid being punishedD.To win leadership of the dog pack5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ___.A.will enjoy a better family lifeB.can give the dog more freedomC.can give the dog more rewardsD.will have more confidence in himselfPassage TwoThe human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of them may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure, quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon‟s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of human and as their cost declines through economies of scale, we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be minded. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A.By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or spaceB.By working hard for 10 or 20 yearsC.By either properly programming it or changing its structureD.By reproducing it.7. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He believes that they will control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesn‟t consider the construction of such machines possible.8. The word “ carbon” stands for _____.A.intelligent robotsB. a chemical elementC.its organic substanceD.human beings9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ____.A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of the present ones.10. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.A.after the installing of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable ofself-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility ofmaking a machine with human-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeRecent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill-effect on people‟s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative ions. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrow (地洞), dogs to howl and cats to jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to found a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers; small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not onlyclean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic (地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?A.They think they are mad.B.They feel very tired.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by _____.ing home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programs on a computer13. By observing the behavior of animals, scientists may be able to ____.A.prevent disasteranize groups of peopleC.predict earthquakesD.control areas of California14. A high negative ion count is likely to be found _____.A.near a pond with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler15. People should be able to come to a decision about ion in the air if they _____.A.note their own reactionsB.move to a healthier areaC.observe domestic animalsD.watch how wealthy people behavePassage FourThe first step in exercising for most people is determining whether or not they should. This is particularly true with anyone over thirty-five, especially if they have been heavy smokers. Likewise, young adults who have been very inactive should proceed slowly and with caution. A physical evaluation from a physician is recommended, preferably one that includes an exercise-stress test. While a person is exercising, a stress test detects cardiovascular (心血管的) problems that might not show up when the body is at rest. This is done by monitoring blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, and the heart‟s electrical activity while exercising.Whatever exercise program is selected, it is important to start with warm-up periods. These should include stretching exercises, jumping jacks (原地跳跃运动), or brisk walking. The idea is to increase heart rate and circulation slowly without placing a sudden strain on the heart or the muscles that are starting to work.The next phase in developing an exercise program is to determine the amount of exercise that is enough to condition the muscles and cardiovascular system without overly straining to body. This involves taking one‟s pulse and finding one‟s target zone. This ta rget zone, or safe-training pulse rate, is established by subtracting one‟s age from 220 and then taking 60 percent to 80 percent of that total. If you are just starting to exercise 60 percent is recommended; 80 percent is recommended if you are already in good condition.16. According to the passage, any one over thirty-five should ______.A.stop smoking right awayB.do morning exercises every dayC.take an exercise-stress test before exercisingD.go and see a doctor after exercising17. Which of the following is not included in a stress test?A.Monitoring blood pressureB.Observing one‟s pulse rateC.Watching one‟s oxygen consumptionD.Increasing one‟s heart rate.18. The author suggests that if you are healthy and at the age of 40, the safe-training pulse rateshould be _____.A.220B.144C.108D.8019. The word “phase” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as _____.A.conditionB.appearanceC.stepD.expression20. The passage is mainly about ______.A.what steps should be taken when exercisingB.how to get started on an exercise programC.how to select an exercise programD.when to start exercisingV. TranslationPart One一天，苏姗带她两岁的女儿安妮到郊外的动物园玩。
我想传授知识英语作文
我想传授知识英语作文Title: The Importance of Knowledge Transmission。
Knowledge transmission is a vital aspect of human civilization, serving as the conduit through which wisdom, skills, and insights are passed down from one generation to the next. In this essay, we will explore the significance of knowledge transmission and delve into various methods through which it can be effectively carried out.First and foremost, knowledge transmission plays a pivotal role in the preservation and advancement of human society. Throughout history, civilizations have thrived or declined based on their ability to transmit essential knowledge across generations. Whether it be in the fields of science, literature, philosophy, or technology, the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge have been fundamental to human progress.One of the primary methods of knowledge transmission isthrough formal education systems. Schools, colleges, and universities serve as institutions where structured learning takes place. Here, educators impart knowledge to students through lectures, textbooks, and interactive activities. Additionally, formal education provides a platform for the exchange of ideas and fosters critical thinking skills essential for navigating an increasingly complex world.However, knowledge transmission is not confined solely to formal educational settings. Informal channels also play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge. Families, for instance, serve as the first and most influential educators in a person's life. Parents impart values, traditions, and practical skills to their children, laying the foundation for their intellectual and moral development.Furthermore, communities and social networks contribute to knowledge transmission through informal interactions and shared experiences. Whether it be through storytelling, mentorship, or apprenticeships, individuals learn from those around them and pass on valuable insights to futuregenerations. In this way, knowledge becomes ingrainedwithin the fabric of society, shaping its culture and collective identity.In addition to interpersonal transmission,technological advancements have revolutionized the way knowledge is disseminated. The internet, in particular, has democratized access to information, enabling individuals from all walks of life to educate themselves on a vastarray of subjects. Online platforms, such as educational websites, forums, and digital libraries, serve as repositories of knowledge, accessible to anyone with an internet connection.Moreover, advancements in communication technology have facilitated global collaboration and knowledge exchange. Researchers, scholars, and professionals can now easily communicate and share their findings across geographical boundaries, accelerating the pace of innovation and discovery.Despite the numerous benefits of knowledge transmission,certain challenges remain. Inequities in access to education and information persist, limiting the opportunities for individuals in marginalized communities to acquire knowledge. Additionally, the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation in the digital age poses a threat to the integrity of knowledge transmission, underscoring the importance of critical thinking and media literacy skills.In conclusion, knowledge transmission is essential for the continued advancement of humanity. Whether through formal education, informal interactions, or technological means, the dissemination of knowledge fosters intellectual growth, cultural enrichment, and societal progress. By recognizing the importance of knowledge transmission and investing in strategies to enhance it, we can ensure a brighter future for generations to come.。
我对大家有信心英语作文
As an English teacher,I am often asked to provide guidance on writing essays.Here is a detailed essay on the topic I Have Confidence in Everyone:Title:I Have Confidence in EveryoneIn the tapestry of life,each thread is unique,contributing to the overall design.As an educator,I have the privilege of witnessing the diverse talents and potential of my students.This essay is a testament to my unwavering belief in the capabilities of every individual I encounter.IntroductionConfidence is the cornerstone of success.It is the belief in ones abilities and the assurance that one can achieve their goals.As an English teacher,I have observed that confidence can be a catalyst for growth and learning.It is my firm conviction that every person has the capacity to excel,given the right environment and encouragement.The Power of BeliefBelief in oneself is the first step towards achieving greatness.When students believe in their abilities,they are more likely to take risks,embrace challenges,and learn from their mistakes.This belief is not innate it is cultivated through positive reinforcement and a supportive environment.Encouragement and SupportAs a teacher,I strive to create a classroom atmosphere where every student feels valued and supported.I encourage open communication,where students feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and ideas.By providing constructive feedback and celebrating their achievements,I help them build their selfesteem and confidence.Diversity of TalentsEvery student brings a unique set of skills and talents to the classroom.Some excel in writing,while others have a knack for public speaking or critical thinking.Recognizing and appreciating these differences is crucial.By doing so,I can tailor my teaching methods to suit the needs of each student,helping them to reach their full potential.Overcoming ObstaclesLife is full of challenges,and learning is no exception.Students may face difficulties in understanding complex concepts or may struggle with test anxiety.It is essential to remind them that these obstacles are temporary and can be overcome with perseverance and a positive attitude.My confidence in their abilities serves as a beacon of hope, guiding them through these tough times.The Role of a TeacherAs an educator,my role extends beyond imparting knowledge.I am also a mentor,a guide,and a source of inspiration.By demonstrating confidence in my students,I inspire them to believe in themselves.This mutual trust and respect form the foundation of a successful learning experience.ConclusionIn conclusion,my confidence in everyone stems from the understanding that each person has the potential to achieve greatness.By fostering an environment of encouragement, support,and recognition,I help my students unlock their true potential.It is this belief that drives me to continuously strive for excellence in my teaching and to inspire a generation of confident and capable individuals.This essay highlights the importance of confidence in the learning process and the role of a teacher in nurturing this confidence.It emphasizes the need for a supportive and inclusive learning environment where every student feels valued and capable of achieving their goals.。
如何让自己知识渊博英语作文
如何让自己知识渊博英语作文Expanding Your Knowledge: A Path to Intellectual Enrichment.In the realm of human endeavor, the pursuit of knowledge stands as a beacon of progress. As individuals, we possess an innate desire to understand the world around us, to quench our thirst for understanding and grow our intellectual capacities. Embarking on a journey to become knowledge-rich is a transformative endeavor that bestows countless benefits, empowering us to navigate life's complexities, make informed decisions, and contribute meaningfully to society.While the path to erudition may appear daunting, it is a journey that can be undertaken by all who possess a willingness to embrace curiosity and commit to continuous learning. Herein, we present a comprehensive guide to expanding your knowledge, transforming yourself into an individual of unparalleled intellectual wealth:1. Cultivate an Insatiable Curiosity:Curiosity lies at the heart of all knowledge. Foster an insatiable curiosity about the world around you, embracing a childlike wonder that compels you to explore and seek answers to life's intriguing questions. Engage with subjects that pique your interest, regardless of their perceived complexity. Remember that knowledge is not confined to academic disciplines; it permeates every aspect of life.2. Embrace Voracious Reading:Reading is an indispensable cornerstone of intellectual enrichment. Immerse yourself in a wide array of books, delving into diverse genres and perspectives. From history and philosophy to science and literature, each book you read expands your horizons and deepens your understanding of the world. Make a habit of setting aside dedicated time for reading, treating it as a sacred ritual of intellectual exploration.3. Engage in Active Listening:Listening attentively to others is an invaluable skill that fosters knowledge acquisition. When engaged in conversations or presentations, pay undivided attention to the speaker's words, seeking to comprehend their insights and perspectives. Ask thoughtful questions, demonstrating your genuine interest in their knowledge and experiences. Active listening not only enriches your understanding but also fosters meaningful connections with others.4. Seek Out Diverse Perspectives:Intellectual growth flourishes when we expose ourselves to a multitude of perspectives. Surround yourself with individuals from varied backgrounds, experiences, and viewpoints. Engage in respectful discussions, challenging your own assumptions and considering alternative perspectives. Seek out sources of information that present diverse viewpoints, ensuring that your knowledge is balanced and comprehensive.5. Pursue Formal Education:Formal education provides structured opportunities to acquire knowledge and develop critical thinking skills. Enroll in courses or degree programs that align with your interests and aspirations. Take advantage of the expertise of educators, engage in thought-provoking discussions with peers, and immerse yourself in research and analysis that deepens your understanding.6. Experiment with Hands-On Learning:Practical experiences offer a unique and engaging avenue for knowledge acquisition. Engage in hands-on experiments, projects, and activities that bring concepts to life. Immerse yourself in real-world scenarios, applying your knowledge to solve problems and make informed decisions. Hands-on learning fosters a deeper comprehension and appreciation for the practical applications of knowledge.7. Utilize Technology for Knowledge Acquisition:The digital age has ushered in unprecedented access to information. Leverage online resources such as educational platforms, documentaries, and podcasts to expand your knowledge on a vast array of topics. Utilize search engines effectively, seeking out credible and reliable sources of information.8. Engage in Intellectual Stimulation:Surround yourself with intellectually stimulating environments. Join book clubs, attend lectures, participate in debates, and engage in discussions with knowledgeable individuals. Expose yourself to challenging ideas and engage in critical thinking exercises that stretch your mind and broaden your perspective.9. Practice Self-Reflection and Knowledge Auditing:Regularly reflect on your knowledge and identify areas where you can grow. Conduct a knowledge audit, assessingyour strengths and weaknesses. Seek out opportunities tofill gaps in your understanding and expand your knowledge base. Self-reflection is a powerful tool for continuous improvement and intellectual growth.10. Embrace Lifelong Learning:True knowledge-rich individuals embrace lifelonglearning as an essential aspect of their existence. Recognize that knowledge is an ever-evolving tapestry, constantly expanding and evolving. Commit to a lifetime of learning, exploring new subjects, and keeping abreast ofthe latest advancements in your fields of interest.Conclusion:Embarking on a journey to become knowledge-rich is a transformative endeavor that empowers us to lead more fulfilling and impactful lives. By cultivating curiosity, embracing voracious reading, engaging in active listening, seeking out diverse perspectives, pursuing formal education, experimenting with hands-on learning, utilizing technology,engaging in intellectual stimulation, practicing self-reflection, and embracing lifelong learning, we can unlock the vast reservoir of knowledge that surrounds us. Remember, knowledge is not merely an accumulation of facts but a living, breathing force that shapes our perceptions,informs our decisions, and connects us to the world around us. Embrace the path to erudition and witness the transformative power of knowledge as it illuminates your mind and empowers your existence.。
科学家需要哪些素质小英语作文
科学家需要哪些素质小英语作文Scientists, the pioneers of knowledge and innovation, possess a unique set of qualities that fuel their groundbreaking discoveries and advancements. These attributes not only enable them to unravel the complexities of the natural world but also drive their relentlesspursuit of scientific truth.1. Intellectual Curiosity:At the core of every scientist lies an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. They are driven by an insatiable desire to explore the unknown, to probe the mysteries that surround us. This curiosity propels them to delve into new subjects, ask probing questions, and seek answers that have eluded others.2. Analytical Thinking:Scientists possess exceptional analytical abilities.They are able to break down complex problems into smaller, more manageable pieces. They critically examine data, identify patterns, and draw logical conclusions based on evidence. Their analytical minds enable them to separate fact from fiction and form well-informed hypotheses.3. Objectivity:Scientific inquiry demands objectivity. Scientists strive to set aside personal biases and preconceived notions in order to evaluate evidence impartially. They rely on empirical data and rigorous experimentation to support their claims, ensuring that their findings are not influenced by personal beliefs or wishful thinking.4. Collaboration:Science is often a collaborative endeavor. Scientists recognize the value of working together, pooling their knowledge and expertise to tackle complex challenges. They share ideas, conduct joint research, and critically review each other's work. Collaboration fosters innovation andaccelerates scientific progress.5. Perseverance:Scientific breakthroughs rarely come easily. Scientists must possess unwavering perseverance to overcome obstacles, endure setbacks, and stay the course in the face of disappointment. They are willing to invest countless hours into their research, often sacrificing personal time and resources in pursuit of their scientific goals.6. Communication Skills:Effective communication is crucial for scientists. They must be able to clearly articulate their research findings, both verbally and in writing. They present their work at conferences, publish in scientific journals, and engage with the public to disseminate knowledge and foster scientific literacy.7. Integrity:Integrity is paramount in scientific research. Scientists are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards, including honesty, accuracy, and transparency. They acknowledge their limitations, give credit where it is due, and avoid plagiarism or falsification of data.8. Adaptability:Science is an ever-evolving field. New discoveries and technologies constantly reshape our understanding of the world. Successful scientists are adaptable, embracing change and adjusting their research approaches as new information emerges.9. Vision:Scientists often possess a visionary mindset. They can look beyond the immediate horizon, envisioning future possibilities and anticipating emerging trends. This foresight allows them to identify promising avenues of research and inspire others to join their scientific journey.10. Passion:Above all, scientists are driven by an unyielding passion for their work. They are captivated by the beauty of the natural world and the thrill of discovery. This passion fuels their dedication and sustains them through the inevitable challenges that come with pursuing scientific endeavors.These qualities are not merely desirable traits; they are essential ingredients in the recipe for scientific success. By cultivating these attributes, scientists empower themselves to push the boundaries of human knowledge and make meaningful contributions to our understanding of the world.。
英语作文科研人必备的能力素质
英语作文科研人必备的能力素质Essential Skills and Qualities for Scientists in Research.Science is a vast and ever-evolving field that requires a unique blend of skills and qualities to excel in. Scientists, especially those engaged in research, must possess a diverse set of abilities to navigate the complexities of their discipline and make meaningful contributions to the field. This article delves into the key abilities and qualities that are indispensable for scientists in their research endeavors.1. Analytical Skills.At the core of scientific research lies the ability to analyze data and information. Scientists must be adept at breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts and then examining each part individually to gain a deeper understanding. They must be able to criticallyevaluate data, identify patterns, and draw conclusions based on evidence. Analytical skills are crucial in hypothesis testing, experimental design, and data interpretation.2. Creativity and Imagination.Science is often driven by creativity and imagination. Scientists need to think outside the box, challengeexisting theories, and propose new hypotheses. They must be willing to explore unconventional ideas and embrace the unknown. Creativity and imagination are essential for making breakthrough discoveries and pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge.3. Critical Thinking.Critical thinking is the ability to question, evaluate, and analyze information to form well-reasoned judgments. Scientists must be able to critically evaluate their own work as well as the work of others. They must be skeptical of accepted wisdom and willing to challenge establishedtheories if the evidence suggests they are incorrect. Critical thinking is crucial for ensuring the integrity and reliability of scientific research.4. Attention to Detail.Scientific research often involves meticulous work that requires a high degree of attention to detail. Scientists must be able to focus on small, often overlooked, aspects of their research and identify patterns or anomalies that could lead to significant findings. Attention to detail is also essential in ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of experimental results.5. Problem-Solving Skills.Scientists are constantly faced with problems and challenges that require innovative solutions. They must be able to identify the root causes of problems, design experiments to test potential solutions, and analyze the results to determine which solutions are effective. Problem-solving skills are crucial for scientific progressand innovation.6. Collaboration and Teamwork.In today's era of interdisciplinary research, collaboration and teamwork are essential for scientists. They must be able to work effectively with colleagues from different backgrounds and disciplines to achieve common goals. Scientists must also be willing to share their ideas, data, and resources with others and seek feedback and collaboration to improve their work.7. Resilience and Persistence.Scientific research can often be fraught with failures and setbacks. Scientists must possess resilience and persistence to stay motivated and focused on their goals despite these challenges. They must be able to learn from their failures, adjust their approach, and keep going even when the path ahead seems uncertain.8. Communication Skills.Scientists must be able to effectively communicatetheir research findings and ideas to a wide range of audiences, including other scientists, policymakers, and the general public. They must be able to write clearly and concisely, present their findings orally, and use visual aids such as graphs and charts to effectively convey complex information. Communication skills are crucial for science's impact and influence beyond the research laboratory.In conclusion, the abilities and qualities discussed above are indispensable for scientists engaged in research. They form the foundation for scientific progress and innovation, enabling scientists to navigate the complexities of their discipline, make meaningful contributions to the field, and have a positive impact on society.。
英语作文科研人必备的能力素质
英语作文科研人必备的能力素质As a researcher, there are certain qualities and skills that are essential to success. Firstly, curiosity drives us to ask questions and seek answers, constantly pushing the boundaries of our knowledge. It's the spark that ignitesour passion for exploration and experimentation.Critical thinking is another key ability. It involves analyzing information objectively, evaluating arguments,and drawing conclusions based on evidence. This skill is crucial in filtering through vast amounts of data and arriving at meaningful insights.Communication skills are also paramount. Whether it's explaining complex concepts to colleagues, presenting findings to stakeholders, or writing papers for publication, we need to be able to communicate effectively. It's about making our work accessible and understandable to a wide audience.Patience and resilience are often underestimated but incredibly important. Research can be a long and arduous process, with failures and setbacks common. Having the ability to stay calm, persevere, and learn from our mistakes is what sets successful researchers apart.Lastly, collaboration is essential in today's research landscape. No one person can know everything, and working with others brings diverse perspectives and skills that can enrich our work. It's about building partnerships, sharing knowledge, and achieving more.。
knowledge 英语作文
Knowledge is a powerful tool that shapes our understanding of the world and equips us with the skills to navigate through life.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of knowledge in an English essay:1.Definition of Knowledge:Begin by defining what knowledge is.Knowledge can be described as the understanding of facts,information,descriptions,or skills acquired through experience or education.2.Importance of Knowledge in Personal Growth:Discuss how knowledge contributes to personal development.It can enhance critical thinking,problemsolving skills,and selfawareness.cation and Knowledge:Explore the relationship between formal education and the acquisition of knowledge.Schools and universities are places where structured learning takes place,providing a foundation for lifelong learning.4.Knowledge and Career Opportunities:Knowledge is often a prerequisite for professional success.It can open doors to better job opportunities and career advancement.5.The Power of Specialized Knowledge:Specialized knowledge in a particular field can lead to expertise and innovation.This can be particularly important in fields such as medicine,technology,and science.6.The Role of Knowledge in Society:Knowledge can drive societal progress.It can lead to better governance,informed decisionmaking,and social reforms.7.Knowledge and Technology:Discuss how the advancement of technology has made the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge easier and more accessible through the internet,digital libraries,and online courses.8.The Ethical Aspect of Knowledge:Consider the ethical implications of knowledge. With great knowledge comes great responsibility.It is important to use knowledge wisely and ethically.9.Lifelong Learning:Emphasize the concept of lifelong learning.Knowledge is not static it evolves as new information is discovered and as societies change.10.The Limitations of Knowledge:Acknowledge that while knowledge is important,it is not infallible.It can be subject to bias,outdated,or incomplete.11.The Future of Knowledge:Conclude by speculating on the future of knowledge.With the rapid pace of technological advancement,how will the acquisition and application of knowledge change?Remember to support your points with relevant examples,quotes,or case studies to make your essay more engaging and persuasive.。
关于什么品质有助于科学发现的英语作文
关于什么品质有助于科学发现的英语作文In the pursuit of scientific discovery, there are several qualities that are essential for success. Here, we will discuss some of the key qualities that contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge.1. Curiosity: The desire to explore and understand the unknown is a fundamental quality that drives scientific discovery. Curiosity leads scientists to ask questions, seek out new information, and push the boundaries of what is known.2. Perseverance: Scientific research often involves setbacks and challenges. Perseverance is crucial for overcoming these obstacles and continuing to pursue the answers to complex questions.3. Critical thinking: The ability to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and draw logical conclusions is essential for scientific discovery. Critical thinking allows scientists to interpret data and draw meaningful insights from their research.4. Open-mindedness: Scientific discovery often requires awillingness to consider new ideas and perspectives. Being open-minded allows scientists to explore alternative explanations and consider unconventional hypotheses.5. Collaboration: Many scientific breakthroughs are the result of collaboration between researchers from different disciplines. Collaboration allows for the exchange of ideas and expertise, leading to more comprehensive and innovative discoveries.6. Integrity: Maintaining ethical standards and honesty in research is essential for the credibility of scientific discoveries. Integrity ensures that research is conducted responsibly and that findings are reported accurately.7. Attention to detail: Scientific research often involves meticulous observation and precise measurement. Attention to detail is critical for accurately recording and interpreting data.These qualities contribute to the process of scientific discovery by fostering a mindset of inquiry, perseverance, and critical analysis. By embracing these qualities, scientists are able to make significant contributions to our understanding of the natural world.在追求科学发现的过程中，有几种品质对于成功是至关重要的。
知识是宝藏英语作文
知识是宝藏英语作文Knowledge is a treasure trove that is waiting to be discovered. It is the key to unlocking the mysteries of the world around us and the path to personal growth and success. Without knowledge, we are lost and aimless, wandering through life without direction or purpose.The pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong journey that begins with curiosity and a thirst for learning. It is a journey that takes us to the far corners of the earth andto the depths of our own minds. Along the way, we encounter challenges and obstacles that test our resolve and push usto our limits. But with each new discovery, we gain adeeper understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.Knowledge is not just about acquiring facts and figures, but about developing critical thinking skills and theability to analyze and interpret information. It is about learning how to ask the right questions and to challenge assumptions. It is about being open-minded and willing toconsider different perspectives and ideas.The value of knowledge extends far beyond the classroom or the workplace. It enriches our lives and broadens our horizons. It opens doors to new opportunities and experiences, and helps us to make informed decisions about our lives and the world around us.In today's fast-paced, ever-changing world, the importance of knowledge cannot be overstated. It is the key to staying relevant and competitive in an increasingly globalized economy. It is the foundation of innovation and progress, and the driving force behind social and cultural change.In conclusion, knowledge is a treasure that is waitingto be discovered. It is the key to personal growth, success, and fulfillment, and the foundation of a thriving society. So let us embrace the pursuit of knowledge with passion and enthusiasm, and unlock the full potential of our minds and our world.。
知识的英语高级表达
知识的英语高级表达1. 与知识相关的动词短语- Acquire knowledge (获得知识)- Deepen one's understanding (加深理解) - Expand one's horizons (拓宽视野)- Broaden one's knowledge (扩展知识)- Enhance one's expertise (提高专业水平) 2. 描述知识水平的形容词- Proficient (熟练的)- Knowledgeable (有知识的)- Well-informed (消息灵通的)- Erudite (博学的)- Astute (机智的)3. 描述知识来源的名词- Reference materials (参考资料)- Primary sources (原始资料)- Secondary sources (次级资料)- Academic journals (学术期刊)- Online databases (在线数据库)4. 描述知识应用的动词短语- Apply knowledge (应用知识)- Utilize expertise (利用专业知识)- Implement strategies (实施策略)- Execute plans (执行计划)- Put theory into practice (把理论付诸实践) 5. 描述知识价值的形容词- Valuable (有价值的)- Practical (实用的)- Insightful (有见地的)- Relevant (相关的)- Applicable (适用的)6. 描述知识来源的形容词- Authoritative (权威的)- Credible (可信的)- Reliable (可靠的)- Trustworthy (值得信赖的)- Accurate (准确的)7. 描述知识缺乏的短语- Lack knowledge (缺乏知识)- Be ignorant of (对...一无所知)- Have limited understanding (理解有限)- Be unfamiliar with (对...不熟悉)- Be out of touch with (与...脱节)8. 描述知识的限制和局限性的短语- Have a narrow perspective (视野狭窄)- Be biased (有偏见)- Be subjective (主观的)- Be influenced by personal beliefs (受个人信仰影响) - Be limited by cultural background (文化背景限制)9. 描述知识的价值和重要性的短语- Knowledge is power (知识就是力量)- Knowledge is the key to success (知识是成功的关键) - Knowledge is a priceless asset (知识是无价之宝)- Knowledge is the foundation of progress (知识是进步的基石)- Knowledge is a lifelong pursuit (知识是终身追求)。
本雅明：《论感知》
本雅明：《论感知》1.经验与知识[Erfahrung und Erkenntnis]有可能保留康德所建立的知识的最高决定因素，同时又反对他对我们关于自然或经验的知识之结构的观点。
这些知识的最高决定因素是基于范畴系统的。
然而，众所周知，康德没有孤立地提出这些决定因素，而是使范畴对自然经验的有效性依赖于于时间和空间。
正是在对这一依赖性的宣称当中，康德才获得了反对形而上学的根据。
断言某种形而上学为可能至少拥有三重含义，康德赞同其一而反对另二。
康德建构了一种自然形而上学，并在其中描述了自然科学纯粹的那部分——也就是说，这部分不是从经验中获取的，而仅是从理性的先天（reason a priori）中获取的。
换言之，知识宣告它自身乃是自然的系统。
知识还要去探索那些属于普遍事物的存在或特定事物的存在之概念的东西。
在此意义上，自然形而上学可以在普遍自然知识的决定因素的基础上被描述为自然客体的先天成分。
这种对形而上学的观点容易滑入经验概念，而这正是康德最为担心的深渊。
他之所以要避免这一点，首先是为了确保我们的自然知识的确定性（certainty）,同时最重要的是要确保道德的完整性（integrity）。
他的方法不仅是将所有的自然知识，也是将自然的形而上学，同作为建构性概念的时间和空间关联起来，但把这些概念与范畴完全区别开来。
这意味着他从开端上避免了一个统一的认识论中心，这个认识论中心强大的重力可能会把所有经验吸入它自身。
另一方面，这自然产生了对后天经验（posteriori experience）的基础的需要；也即是，如果不连接它们，知识和经验的连续性就会被打断。
康德假定了所谓的感性材料以去表达直观形式和范畴的分离。
这种“感性材料”通过直观形式人为地与范畴的活动中心分开，借由直观形式它只被不完美地吸收。
以此方式，康德实现了形而上学和经验的分离，或者，同他自己的术语，纯粹知识和经验的分离。
对夸大的理性概念和不基于实际直观的僭越的知性概念的担忧，对道德知识的独立身份的考虑——这些可能不是影响纯粹理性批判基本主旨的仅有因素。
雅思写作增色句子之怀疑是知识之钥
雅思写作增色句子之怀疑是知识之钥Doubt is the key of knowledge.怀疑是知识之钥。
相关例句：1. No one could doubt his ability to learn abstract knowledge.没有人怀疑他对于抽象知识的理解能力.2. However, the modern rationalism proposed by Descartes started with a general doubt.值得一提的是, 由笛卡尔所倡导的近代理性哲学以研究知识的可靠性和l必然性为己任,却是从普遍怀疑开始的.3. Doubt is the key of knowledge.怀疑是知识之钥.4. Skepticism means not intellectual Doubt alone, but moral Doubt; all sorts of infidelity, insincerity, spiritual paralysis.怀疑主义不仅是指知识方面的怀疑, 连道德层面, 如诸般背叛、虚情假意、精神上的麻痹等等,也都无法幸免.5. One may almost doubt if the wisest man has learned anything of absolute value by living.人人几乎都怀疑,最聪明的人是否能单凭活著就可以获得任何有绝对价值的知识.6. Cloning experts doubt Antinori or his unknown colleagues have the expertise to clone a human.克隆专家们对安蒂诺里及他那些不知名助手们在克隆人类方面的专业知识深表怀疑.。
理论知识的价值英语作文
理论知识的价值英语作文The Value of Theoretical Knowledge.英文回答：Theoretical knowledge holds immense value in our lives. It provides us with a solid foundation to understand and analyze the world around us. Theoretical knowledge helps us make sense of complex phenomena, develop new ideas, and make informed decisions.Firstly, theoretical knowledge allows us to gain a deeper understanding of various subjects. For example, in the field of science, theoretical knowledge helpsscientists formulate hypotheses, conduct experiments, and draw conclusions. Without a strong theoretical foundation, scientists would struggle to make advancements and discoveries. Similarly, in the field of literature, theoretical knowledge helps us analyze and interpret texts, uncovering hidden meanings and themes.Secondly, theoretical knowledge fosters criticalthinking and problem-solving skills. By studying theories and concepts, we learn to think analytically and evaluate different perspectives. This enables us to approach problems with a logical and systematic mindset, finding innovative solutions. For instance, in the field of mathematics, theoretical knowledge of formulas andequations allows us to solve complex mathematical problems.Furthermore, theoretical knowledge serves as a basisfor practical applications. Many inventions and innovations are based on theoretical principles. For example, the development of the internet and computer technology is rooted in theoretical knowledge of computer science and information technology. Without this theoretical foundation, these technological advancements would not have been possible.In addition, theoretical knowledge helps us understand the past and predict the future. Historical theories and analyses provide us with insights into past events andtheir consequences. This knowledge can guide us in making informed decisions in the present and anticipate future outcomes. For instance, economists use theoretical modelsto predict economic trends and make recommendations for economic policies.To summarize, theoretical knowledge is of great valueas it enhances our understanding, fosters critical thinking, enables practical applications, and helps us make informed decisions. It is a fundamental component of human progress and development.中文回答：理论知识在我们的生活中具有巨大的价值。
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《会会计计法法》
◆ 1985年首次颁发《会计法》 ◆ 1993年12月经过修正。 ◆ 2019年10月再次修正，由国家主席下令公布。 ◆ 2000年7有1日起实施。 ◆《会计法》是会计工作的根本大法。
《会计法》
◇ 强调会计信息的真实、完整，严格禁止虚假信息。 ◇ 突出了单位负责人对会计信息真实性的责任。 ◇ 健全和完善记帐规则，规范会计行为。 ◇ 强化内部监督、社会监督和国家监督。 ◇ 实现会计从业资格管理制度。 ◇ 加大了惩罚力度
财务总监
战略经营单位A
Accounting Manager
会计经理
财务会计主管
成本会计主管
税务主管
战略经营单位A
Financial Manager
财务经理
资金主管
规划与控制主管
财务分析主管
七 会计职业
1 工商业企业会计 2 政府和非营利组织会计 3 公共会计 ( 注册会计师 ＣＰＡ)
◇ 基本业务为审计 ◇ 管理咨询 ◇ 设计会计制度，担任会计顾问。 ◇ 代理纳税申报，协助拟订合同等经济文件。 ◇ 验证企业的投入资本，进行资产评估 ◇ 参与办理企业解散、破产的清算事项。 ◇ 协助鉴定经济案件证据。
会计主体—— 有独立资金、进行独立经营活动、实行独立核
算的单位都可以成为一个会计主体。 “会计实体” 、 “独立实体”
主体假设—— “会计核算应当以企业发生的各项经济业务为
对象，记录和反映企业本身的生产经营活动” （1）为什么是一种假设？ （2）为什么要这种假设？
将企业的经济业务与其他企业区分开来 将企业的经济活动与投资人区分开来 界定会计核算的空间范围, 作用：约定信息的范围，对财务状况和经营成果加以规。
什么是会计?
会计是一个信息 系统
会计是一种管 理活动
会计是一门艺术
会计是一门商业 语言
1.会计(accounting)是一种管理活动
会计是以货币为计量单位，对经济活动进行连 续、全面、系统地反映和监督，并以此为基础对经 济活动进行分析、预测和决策的一种管理活动。
2.会计(accounting)是一个信息系统
相同之处：
（１）源于同一母体，相互依存、相互补充。 （２）管理会计离不开财务会计，其主要内容是对财务会计
的信息进行深加工、再利用。
（３）财务会计只有借助于管理会计才能发挥更多的职能。
特点
财务会计
管理会计
作用方面 向外提供资料
对内提供资料
内容方面 反映过去、提供信息 评价过去、规划未来
核算对象 核算方法 核算要求 责任方面
《会计学 》
中南大学商学院MBA教育中心
喻凯
每一位渴望承担管理职责的人士都要 一定程度掌握会计学的知识！
这不是一门 针 对 会 计 师 的课程
我们的学习目的
1.学习会计的基本理论和基本方法， 2.知晓会计信息的生成 3.阅读分析会计报表 4.会计政策对信息的影响 5.何时可利用何种会计信息？ 6.如何才能使你的公司的财务工作质量提高？ 7.如何利用财务信息，帮助你决策规划.
组织系统一：
董事会
总经理 CEO
销售副总经理 财务总监 CFO 生产副总经理
财务长
现 筹投财 信 金 资资务 用 管 管管分 与 理 理理析 保
与险 预管 算理
会计长
税财成 务务本 会会会 计计计
管内 理部 会审 计计
组织系统二：
董事会 总经理 CEO
生产副总经理
财务副总经理
销售副总经理
财务管理
阿富汗、伊朗
10月15日—次年10月14日 沙特阿拉伯
其他
返回
（四）货币计价假设
货币计价假设————“ 会计核算以货币为计量单位，同时假定
财务会计 — 以会计准则为依据，对企业已发生的事
项通过 确认、计量、记录、报告向各 方面提供财务信息而进行的会计工作。
“传统会计”、“对外报告会计”
管理会计——着重为企业进行最优决策，改善经营管理
提高经济效益服务的一个企业会计分支。
“对内报告会计”
成本会计 决策会计 控制会计 责任会计
财务会计与管理会计的异同:
①《企业会计制度》正文
②《企业会计制度—会计科目和会计报表》
会计的其他规范
《企业法》 《公司法》 《票据法》 《证券法》 《保险法》 《海事法》 《税法》
……
三个层次法规体系的关系：
全国人大 常委会
国务院财政部
企
基本准则
会
会
业
计
计
会
制
法
计
度
准
具体准则
则
我们要学习基本准则
会计基本准则
会计基本前提 （会计假设）
（二）持续经营假设
持续经营假设——“会计核算应当以企业持续、正常的 生产经营活动为前提。”
（1）为什么这种规定是一种假设？ （2）为什么要这种假设？
(3) 出现了例外怎么办?
如果不是持续经营假设，递延资产等资产就不存在。
（三）会计分期假设
会计分期假设——“企业应当划分会计期间，分期结算
账目和编制会计报告。”
整个企业的生产活动 遵守会计规范 力求准确 具有法律责任
不一定是整个企业的 活动
会计、统计、数学
不求绝对准确，近似 值即可。 不具备法律责任
时间方面 必须定期编制会计报告 不要求定期编制
五 会计信息及其使用者
企业管理层
投资人
债权人
………
客
户
、
企业财务信息
供 货
方
会计事务所
工商、税务
监管部门
六.企业会计组织系统
管理会计
财务会计
资资 金金 筹运 集用
决控 策制
记报
账
算 帐
帐
内部审计
资产 核算
负债 核算
所有者权 益核算
成本 核算
收入 核算
费用 核算
财务会计 报告
摩托罗拉公司 首席财务官（ CFO ）
战略经营单位A（中国）
Accounting Controller
财务总监
战略经营单位B
Accounting Controller
开办
清算
( 1 ) 怎样分期?
会计年度 中期 (指短于一个完整的会计年度的报告期间)
（2）为什么是一种假设？ （3）为什么要这种假设？
会计年度 时 间
公历年
1月1日—12月31日
营 业 年
4月1日—次年1月31日
10月1日—次年9月31日 3月21日—次年3月20日
国家
中国、德国、俄罗斯 巴西、朝鲜 英国、加拿大、丹麦 印度、日本 美国、泰国
第二章 会计规范
一 会计规范—— 是会计法规、会计准则、会计制度的总称。
《中华人民共和国会计法》 《企业会计准则》 《企业会计制度》
会计是一个受高度管制的领域！
会计法 会计准则 会计制度
三个层次法规体系的关系
三个层次法规体系的关系：
全国人大 常委会
国务院财政部
会 计 法
会 计 准 则
会 计 制 度
我国会计准则的体系: 会计准则
基本准则
会
会
计
计 信
会 计
会 计
假
息 质
要
报
设
量
素
告
要
求
具体准则
2019年2月15日新修订的《企业会计准则》： 颁发时间
1 《企业会计准则 ——基本准则》
2 《企业会计准则1号——存货》 3 《企业会计准则2号 ——长期股权投资》 4 《企业会计准则3号——投资性房地产》 5 《企业会计准则4号——固定资产》 6 《企业会计准则5号——生物资产》 7 《企业会计准则6号——无形资产》 8 《企业会计准则7号——非货币性资产交换》 9 《企业会计准则8号——资产减值》 10 《企业会计准则9号——职工薪酬》 11 《企业会计准则10——企业年金基金》 12 《企业会计准则11——股份支付》 13 《企业会计准则12——债务重组》 14 《企业会计准则13——或有事项》 15 《企业会计准则14——收入》 16 《企业会计准则15——建造合同》等
拥有80个国家的100名会员，已经发布30多条准则。 ◇ 1992年我国才颁布《企业会计准则》1993年７月１日实施。
2019年2月15日发布《新会计准则》2019年1月1日开始在上市 公司实施。
1929年10月28日(星期一)纽约华尔街证券交易所开盘 不久,股票急剧下跌.跌风迅猛异常,迅速蔓延到其他国家, 从而引发了一埸资本主义世界发展史上历时最长、涉及 范围最广、打击最为沉重的一次经济危机。 此次经济危机使资本主义世界工业生产下降了 37.2%(一些国家钢铁生产等项目甚至退回到了上个世
1个《基本准则》和38个《具体准则》
幻灯片
《企业会计制度》
会计制度
——解决核算和信息披露的具体操作问题
新《企业会计制度》
颁发时间 2000.12.29,财政部正式颁发
性 质 跨行业、跨经济成分的统一、通用的会计核 算制度
实施范围 暂时在股份有限公司范围内执行， 同时选择一些国有企业进行试点。
内容
《 会计准则》
——是会计工作时应遵循的统一规范和指导原则。
“国际会计准则理事会”（IASB） 美国：“财务会计准则委员会”（FASB） 英国：“会计准则委员会” （ASB） 中国：财政部 日本：大藏省 德国：《商法》
会计准则的历史：
◇ 最早产生于美国 ◇ 1933年、美国颁布《证券法》，规定执行统一的会计方法。 ◇ 1973年、美法日等9国成立“国际会 计准则委员会”，
会计信息 质量要求