ASP外文翻译原文
ASP(计算机专业)外文翻译
英文原文The Active Server Pages( ASP) is a server to carry the script plait writes the environment, using it can create to set up with circulate the development, alternant Web server application procedure. Using the ASP cans combine the page of HTML, script order to create to set up the alternant the page of Web with the module of ActiveX with the mighty and applied procedure in function that according to Web. The applied procedure in ASP develops very easily with modify.The HTML plait writes the personnel if you are a simple method that a HTML plait writes the personnel, you will discover the script of ASP providing to create to have diplomatic relation with each other page. If you once want that collect the data from the form of HTML, or use the name personalization HTML document of the customer, or according to the different characteristic in different usage of the browser, you will discover ASP providing an outstanding solution. Before, to think that collect the data from the form of HTML, have to study a plait distance language to create to set up a CGI application procedure. Now, you only some simple instruction into arrive in your HTML document, can collect from the form the data combine proceeding analysis. You need not study the complete plait distance language again or edit and translate the procedure to create to have diplomatic relation alone with each other page.Along with control to use the ASP continuously with the phonetic technique in script, you can create to set up the more complicated script. For the ASP, you can then conveniently usage ActiveX module to carry out the complicated mission, link the database for example with saving with inspectional information.If you have controlled a script language, such as VBScript, JavaScript or PERL, and you have understood the method that use the ASP.As long as installed to match the standard cowgirl in the script of ActiveX script engine, can use in the page of ASP an any a script language. Does the ASP take the Microsoft? Visual Basic? Scripting Edition ( VBScript) with Microsoft? Script? Of script engine, like this you can start the editor script immediately. PERL, REXX with Python ActiveX script engine can from the third square develops the personnel acquires. The Web develops thepersonnel if you have controlled a plait distance language, such as Visual Basic, you will discover the ASP creates a very vivid method that set up the Web application procedure quickly. Pass to face to increase in the HTML the script order any, you can create the HTML that set up the applied procedure connects. Pass to create to set up own the module of ActiveX, can will apply the business in the procedure logic seal to pack and can adjust from the script, other module or from the other procedure the mold piece that use.The usage ASP proceeds the calculating Web can convert into the visible benefits, it can make the supplier of Web provide the alternant business application but not only is to announce the contents. For example, the travel agency can compare the announcement aviation schedule makes out more; Using the script of ASP can let the customer inspect the current service, comparison expenses and prepare to book seats.Include too can lower in the Windows NT Option Microsoft in the pack Transaction Server ( MTS) on the server complexity of constructing the procedure with expenses. The MTS can resolve to develop those confidentialities strong, can ratings of and the dependable Web applies the complexity problem of the procedure. Active Server Pages modelThe browser requests from the server of Web. Hour of asp document, the script of ASP starts circulating. Then the server of Web adjusts to use the ASP, the ASP reads completely the document of the claim, carry out all scripts order any, combining to deliver the page of Web to browser.Because script is on the server but is not at the customer to carry the movement, deliver the page of Web on the browser is on the Web server born. Combining to deliver the standard HTML to browser. Because only the result that there is script returns the browser, so the server carries the not easy replication in script. The customer cans not see to create to set up them at script order that the page that view.We introduce the Basic form of the database language known as SQL, a language that allows us to query and manipulate data on computerized relational database systems. SQL has been the lingua franca for RDBMS since the early 1980s, and it is of fundamental importance for many of the concepts presented in this text. The SQLlanguage is currently in transition from the relational form (the ANSI SQL –92 standard) to a newer object-relational form (ANSI SQL -99, which was released in 1999). SQL-99 should be thought of as extending SQL-92, not changing any of the earlier valid language. Usually, the basic SQL we define matches most closely the ANSI SQL standards basic subsets, called Entry SQL -92 and core SQL-99 that are commonly implemented; our touchstone in defining basic SQL is to provide a syntax that is fully available on most of the major RDBMS products[7].We begin with an overview of SQL capabilities, and then we explain something about the multiple SQL standards and dialects and how we will deal with these in our presentation.We will learn how to pose comparable queries in SQL, using a form known as the Select statement. As we will see, the SQL select statement offers more flexibility in a number of ways than relational algebra for posing queries. However, there is no fundamental improvement in power, nothing that could not be achieved in relational algebra , given a few well-considered extensions. For this reason, experience with relational algebra gives us a good idea of what can be accomplished in SQL. At the same time, SQL and relational algebra have quite different conceptual models in a number of respects, and the insight drawn from familiarity with the relational algebra approach may enhance your understanding of SQL capabilities.The most important new feature you will encounter with SQL is the ability to pose queries interactively in a computerized environment. The SQL select statement is more complicated and difficult to master than the relatively simple relational algebra, but you should never feel list or uncertain as long as you have access to computer facilities where a few experiments can clear up uncertainties about SQL use. The interactive SQL environment discussed in the current chapter allows you to type a query on a monitor screen and get an immediate answer. Such interactive queries are sometimes called ad box queries. This term refers to the fact that an SQL select statement is meant to be composed all at once in a few type written lines and not be dependent on any prior interaction in a user session. The feature of not being dependent on prior interaction is also down as non-procedurality. SQL differs in this way even from relational algebra, where a prior alias statement might be needed inorder to represent a product of a table with itself. The difference between SQL and procedural languages such as java or c is profound: you do not need to write a program to try out an SQL query, you just have to type the relatively short, self-contained text of the query and submit it .Of course, an SQL query can be rather complex . A limited part of this full form, know as a sub-query, is defined recursively, and the full select statement form has one added clause. You should not feel intimidated by the complexity of the select statement, however. The fact that a select statement is non-procedural means that it has a lot in common with a menu driven application, where a user is expected to fill in some set of choices from a menu and then press the enter key to execute the menu choices all at once. The various clauses of the select statement correspond to menu choices: you will occasionally need all these clauses, but on not expect to use all of them every time you pose a query.Observed reliability depends on the context in which the system s used. As discussed already, the system environment cannot be specified in advance nor can the system designers place restrictions on that environment for operational systems. Different systems in an environment may react to problems in unpredictable ways, thus affecting the reliability of all of these systems. There for, even when the system has been integrated, it may be difficult to make accurate measurements of its reliability.Visual Basic Database Access prospectsWith the recent Web application software and the rapid development of the existing data stored in diverse forms, Visual Basic Database Access Solutions faces such as rapid extraction enterprises located in the internal and external business information with the multiple challenges. To this end Microsoft, a new database access strategy "unified data access" (UniversalDataAccess) strategy. "Unified data access" to provide high-performance access, including relational and non-relational data in a variety of sources, provide independent in the development of language development tools and the simple programming interface, these technologies makes enterprise integration of multiple data sources, better choice of development tools, application software, operating platforms, and will establish a maintenance easysolution possible.汉语翻译Active Server Pages（ASP）是服务器端脚本编写环境，使用它可以创建和运行动态、交互的Web 服务器应用程序。
ASP外文翻译+原文
ASP外文翻译+原文ENGLISHE：Develop Web application program using ASP the architecture that must first establish Web application. Now in application frequently with to have two: The architecture of C/S and the architecture of B/S.Client/server and customer end / server hold the architecture of C/S.The customer / server structure of two floor.Customer / server ( Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. From technology, see that it is a logic concept, denote will a application many tasks of decomposing difference carry out , common completion is entire to apply the function of task. On each network main computer of web site, resource ( hardware, software and data ) divide into step, is not balanced, under customer / server structure, without the client computer of resource through sending request to the server that has resource , get resource request, so meet the resource distribution in network not balancedness. With this kind of structure, can synthesize various computers to cooperate with work, let it each can, realize the scale for the system of computer optimization ( Rightsizing ) with scale reduce to melt ( Downsizing ). Picture is as follows:It is most of to divide into computer network application into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share , it is realized by server; Another part faces every user , is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium function , realizes man-machine interaction through user interface , or is the application program of specific conducted user. And server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter , manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. For a computer, it can have double function , is being certain and momentary to carve to act as server , and again becomes client computer in another time.Customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server , asks one side of service to be called as customer. To be able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; Also, customer one side must also have certain hardware and corresponding customer software.There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides communicate according to this agreement.Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation betweencustomer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node; It is even in one time dialogue course, mutual role also exchanges probably. As in carry out file transmission , if be called as one side who offers file server, is called as one side who gets file customer, when using get or mget order since another node takes file, can think that what self use and it is client computer , is using put or mput order to another node dispatch file can again think the machine that used self is server.Multilayer customer / server structureAlong with the development of enterprise application, recently, have again arisen a kind of new multilayer architecture, it applies customer end to divide into two minutes: Customer application and server apply. Customer application is the part of original customer application , is another and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. New customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core , changeable business logic. Therefore its structure has become new ( Client application + Server application )/Server structure. Following picture shows:This kind of structure has solved traditional Client/Server can expand problem, have reduced customer end business logic , and have reduced the requirement of customer end for hardware. At the same time because of a lot of business logic concentrations have gone to unitary application server on, the maintenance work of application system had been also concentrated together, have eliminated the problem in the traditional structure of Client/Server that software distributes. This kind of structure is called as the architecture of B/S.Browser/Server and browser / server hold the architecture of B/S. On essence, Browser/Server is also a kind of structure of Client/Server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural development of Client/Server come to thethree-layer structural special case of Client/Server that applied on Web.In the system of Browser/Server, user can pass through browser to a lot of servers that spread on network to send request. The structure of Browser/Server is maximum to have simplified the work of client computer, on client computer, need to install and deploy few customer end software only , server will bear more work, for database visit and apply program carry out will in server finish.Under the three-layer architecture of Browser/Server, express layer( Presentatioon ) , function layer ( Business Logic ) , data layer ( Data Service ) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences:It is the first layer of to express layer: Web browser.In expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. It's task is to suggest by Web browser to the certain a Web server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, Web server delivers needed homepage with HTTP agreement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in Web browser on.Second layer function layer: Have the Web server of the application function of program extension.In function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in Web server end. It's task is the request concerning accepting user , need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out connection , passes through the waies such as SQL to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database server the result of handling data submit to Web server, deliver again by Web server to return customer end.The number of plies of 3th according to layer: Database server.In data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. It's task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server.Careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server ofthree-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure ofClient/Server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client computer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure ofBrowser/Server of three-layer. This kind of three-layer architecture following picture shows.This kind of structure not only client computer from heavy burden and the requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture.The contrast of two architecturesThe architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture of Client/Server compare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of Client/Server and also have the architecture of Clinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have:Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, it's application is often for special purpose.It is lower to develop and defend cost: It need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of Client/Server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. The application ofBrowser/Server need in customer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so greatly.It is simple to use , interface friendly: The interface of the user of Client/Server is decided by customer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of Client/Server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. The interface of the user of Browser/Server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use , interface friendly, must not study use again other software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that has solved user problem.Customer end detumescence: The customer end of Client/Server has the function that shows and handles data , as the requirement of customer end is a client computer " it is fat " very high. The customer of Browser/Server holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show , the powerful role that has played server fully is so large to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very " thin ".System is flexible: The 3 minutes of the system of Client/Server, in modular, have the part that need to change to want relation to the change of other modular, make system very difficult upgrading. The 3 minutes of the system of Browser/Server modular relative independence, in which a part of modular change, other modular does not get influence, it is very easy that system improve to become, and can form the system with much better performance with the product of different manufacturer.Ensure systematic safety: In the system of Client/Server, directly join with database server because of client computer, user can very easily change the data on server, can not guarantee systematic safety. The system of Browser/Server has increased a level of Web server between client computer and database server , makes two not to be directly linked again, client computer can not be directly controled for database, prevent user efficiently invade illegally.The architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer has the advantage that a lot of traditional architectures of Client/Server does not have , and is close to have combined the technology of Internet/Intranet, is that the tendency of technical development tends to , it application system tape into one brand-new develop times. From this us option the configuration of B/S the architecture that develops as system.what are C/S with B/SFor " C/S " with the technology of " B/S " develop change know , first,must make it clear that 3 problems.( 1 ) What is the structure of C/S.C/S ( Client/Server ) structure, the server structure and client computer that all know well. It is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantage, realize task reasonable distribution to Client end and Server end , have reduced systematic communication expense. Now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of Client/Server , are developing to the Web application of distribution type since current software application is systematic, Web and the application of Client/Server can carry out same business handling , apply different modular to share logic assembly; Therefore it is systematic that built-in and external user can visit new and existing application , through the logic in existing application system, can expand new application system. This is also present application system develop direction. Traditional C ／S architecture though adopting is open pattern, but this is the openness that system develops a level , in specific application no matter Client end or Server end the software that need to still specify support. Because of the software software that need to develop different edition according to the different system of operating system that can not offer the structure of C/S and the open environment of user genuine expectation , besides, the renovation of product is very rapid, is nearly impossible to already meet the 100 computer above users of local area network at the same time use. Price has low efficiency high. If my courtyard uses , Shanghai exceed the orchid company's management software " statistics of law case" is typical C ／S architecture management software.( 2 ) What is the structure of B/S.B/S ( Browser/Server ) structure browser and server structure. It is along with the technology of Internet spring up , it is for the structure of improvement or a kind of change of the structure of C/S. Under this kind of structure, user working interface is to realize through WWW browser, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, but the major logic of general affairs in server end( Server) realization, form the three-layer claimed 3-tier structure. So, have simplified customerend computer load greatly , have alleviated system to defend workload and the cost with upgrading , have reduced the overall cost of user ( TCO ). With present technology see , local area network the network application that establishes the structure of B/S , and under the pattern of Internet/Intranet, database application is easy to hold relatively , cost also is lower. It is that oneness goes to the development of position , can realize different people, never same place, with difference receive the way of entering ( for example LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet etc.) visit and operate common database; It can protect data platform efficiently with management visit limits of authority, server database is also safe. Now in my courtyard, net ( Intranet ) , outer net ( Internet ) with Beijing eastern clear big company " law case and the management software of official business " is the structural management software of B/S , policemen each working station in local area network pass through WWW browser can realize working business. Especially in JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration management software of B/S is more facilitated , is shortcut, efficient.( 3 ) The management software technology of main stream.The technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have also gone through 3 develop period. First, interface technology goes to Windows graph interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from last century DOS character interface, till Browser browser interface 3 differences develop period. Secondly, today own the browser interface of computer, is not only visual and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on browser platform is as, make the requirement of choosing a person for the job for operating training not high and software operability is strong , is easy to distinguish; Moreover platform architecture the file that also goes to today from past single user development ／server ( F ／S ) system and client computer ／server ( C ／S ) system and browser ／server ( B ／S ) system.The comparison of C/S and B/SC/S and B/S is the now world two technologies of main stream of developing pattern technical configuration. C/S is that American Borland company researches and develop most early, B/S is that American Microsoft researches anddevelop. Now this two technologies with quilt world countries grasp , it is many that domestic company produce article with C/S and the technical development of B/S. This two technologies have the certain market share of self , is with customer crowd , each domestic enterprise says that own management software configuration technical function is powerful, advanced, convenient , the customer group that can lift , have a crowd scholar ink guest to shake flag self cry out , advertisement flies all over the sky , may be called benevolent to see kernel, sage sees wisdomC/S configures inferior position and the advantage of software( 1 ) Application server operation data load is lightcomparatively.The database application of the most simple architecture of C/S is become by two partial groups, customer applies program and database server program. Both can be called as proscenium program and the program of backstage supporter respectively. The machine of operation database server program is also called as application server. Once server program had been started , waits the request concerning responding customer program hair at any time; Customer application program operation can be called as customer computer on the own computer of user, in correspondence with database server, when needs carry out any operation for the data in database, customer program seeks server program voluntarily , and sends request to it, server program is regular as basis intends to make to reply, send to return result, application server operation data load is lighter.( 2 ) Data store management function relatively transparent.In database application data store management function, is carried out respectively independently by server program and customer application program , is regular as proscenium application can violate , and usually those different( no matter is have known still unknown ) operations data, in server program, do not concentrate realization, for instance visit limits of authority, serial number can be repeated , must have customer talent establishment the rule order. It is these to own , for the last user that works on proscenium program is " transparent ", they need not be interest in ( can not usually also interfere ) the course of behind, can complete own all work. In the application of customer server configuration proscenium program not is very " thin ",troublesome matter is delivered to server and network. In the system of C/S take off , database can not become public really , professionally more competent storehouse, it gets independent special management.( 3 ) The inferior position of the configuration of C/S is high maintenance cost make investment just big.First, with the configuration of C/S, will select proper database platform to realize the genuine "unification" of database data, make the data synchronism that spreads in two lands complete deliver by database system go to manage, but the logically two operators of land will directly visit a same database to realize efficiently , have so some problems, if needs establishment the data synchronism of " real time ", the database server that must establish real time communication connection between two places and maintains two lands is online to run , network management staff will again want to defend and manage for customer end as server defends management , maintenance and complex tech support and the investment of this high needs have very high cost, maintenance task is measured.Secondly, the software of the structure of C/S of tradition need to develop the software of different edition according to the different system of operating system , is very rapid because of the renovation of product, price is working needs high with inefficient already do not meet. In JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration of B/S is more vigorous impact C/S , and forms threat and challenge for it. .The advantage of B/S configuration software( 1 ) The Maintenance of inferior position and upgrading way are simple.Now upgrading and the improvement of software system more and more frequently, the product of the configuration of B/S embodies more convenient property obviously. For one a little a little bit big unit , if systematic administrator needs , between hundreds of 1000 even last computers round trip run , efficiency and workload is to can imagine, but the configuration of B/S software needs management server have been all right , all customer ends are browser only, need not do any maintenance at all. No matter the scale of user has , is what , has how many branch will not increase any workload of maintenance upgrading , is all to operate needs to aim at server to go on;If need differently only, net server connection specially , realize long-range maintenance and upgrading and share. So client computer more and more " thin ", and server more and more " fat " is the direction of main stream of future informative development. In the future, software upgrading and maintenance will be more and more easy , and use can more and more simple, this is for user manpower , material resources, time and cost save is obvious , it is astonishing. Therefore defend and escalate revolutionary way is the client computer " it is thin ", " is fat " server.( 2 ) Cost reduction, it is more to select.All know windows in the computer of top of a table on nearly one Tong world, browser has become standard disposition, but on server operating system, windows is in absolute dominance position not. Current tendency is the application management software that uses the configuration of B/S all , need to install only in Linux server on , and safety is high. The so server option of operating system is many, no matter choosing those operating system, can let the most of ones use windows in order to the computer of top of a table of operating system does not get influence, this for make most popular free Linux operating system develop fast, Linux except operating system is free besides, it is also free to link database, this kind of option is very pupular.Say, many persons on daily, "Sina website" nets , so long as having installed browser for can , and what need not know the server of " Sina website " to use is that what operating system, and in fact the most of websites do not use windows operating system really, but the computer of user is most of as installing to be windows operating system.( 3 ) Application server operation data load value comparatively.Since B/S configures management, software installation in server end ( Server ) on, it is been all right that network administrator need to manage server only, the user interface major logic of general affairs in server ( Server ) end pass through WWW browser completely realization, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, all customer ends has only browser, network administrator need to do hardware maintenance only. But application server operation data load is heavier, once occuring " server collapse " to wait for problem,consequence is unimaginable. Therefore a lot of units have database to stock server , are ready for any eventuality.原文翻译:利用ASP开发Web应用程序首先必须确立Web应用的体系结构。
外文翻译ASP简介
附件1：外文资料翻译译文ASP简介服务器端的方案设计曾经相当的困难。
如果想要通过CGI书写代码就必须要求掌握一些编程语言，例如Perl或是C语言，然后导入，这样的工作效率是非常低的。
之后有人改进了CGI技术，一种新的运用于服务器端的程序产生了。
如果你的源程序是用Perl等解释程序编写的，服务器程序就需要运行一个Perl的解释程序，这样会占据处理器许多的时间和内存空间。
这种情况如果在那些每天采集一千多数据的站点后果是十分严重的。
同样，你也不可能给程序划分出一个完美的分界面，就象VB、VC++、或者其他一些程序。
你可以通过观察它们的运行时所产生的错误，去检验该程序的运行代码。
这是一种对于枯燥乏味的寻找语法错误的很有趣的实践体验，然而，在此之前必须通过学习认识到在生命中有更好的事情需要做，例如阅读WiredNew.微软努力尝试去通过他们所开发的ASP技术去改变以上的那些情况。
ASP技术是由服务器产生的页面去指导其他程序执行一些操作，例如access databases（按日计工资存取），提供不同页面给不同的基础浏览器，现在我们已经很少使用以前的服务器程序CGI，ASP就如同是一个高效率的提供给服务器直接运行编码的解释程序，并且ASP的工作效率要比CGI高的多，因为ASP主要运行于服务性工作，并且使用多线程体系结构保持优势。
这里是来自Microsoft site的一段解释：“ASP是一个公开的、编译快捷的应用程序环境，在这里你可以结合HTML、源程序、并且可以再度使用ActiveX服务构造来创建动态的，强有力的基于Web的商业解决方案。
ASP能够提供服务器端程序通过自带的IIS，并且支持VBScript和Jscript两种脚本语言。
”听起来很棒，是吗？但是，要紧记的是ASP并不是治疗癌症的完美的药方。
的确，他可以治愈你的烦恼如果你是一个拥有老资质的微软开发者，舒适的伫立在垄断地位。
IMNSHO，ASP的提出以致于世界上所有的VB程序将再次被需要。
asp.net外文文献+翻译
技术1.构建 页面 和结构 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。
在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 页面中使用语言。
.NET类库假想你是微软。
假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如Visual Basic 、C# 和C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。
举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。
此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。
每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。
即使用Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。
最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。
以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。
举例来说，整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。
对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。
为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。
.NET类库不完全是那样。
它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。
举例来说，.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。
除此之外，它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。
.NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。
最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 页面的类。
然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。
理解命名空间正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。
它包含数以千计的类(超过3,400) 。
幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。
.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。
ASP外文翻译+原文
ASP Banner Ad SystemTo the Reader from Joe: This is a user-submitted tutorial by the author above. I have read the tutorial and set the format to fit HTML Goodies, but for the most part have not changed the language. I chose this tutorial because many readers have been asking for more ASP tutorials. This is a great one.Sorry I cannot show you the event here. The HTML Goodies servers do not offer ASP. I will tell you though that if you run IE5.0 or better, open the contents of the zip file into a directory and it runs just fine.If you haven't already, you may want to read my introductory ASP tutorial before this one. If not, then enjoy.There may be a point in your web design career, where your site becomes real popular. That is when companies become interested in advertising on your site. A Banner Ad system can be built to control all those advertisements that you are so willing to display, for a price. Active Server Pages makes it very easy to create a banner ad system. So easy, that the Microsoft ASP developers created an "AdRotator" component for the occasion. Before you begin reading this article, make sure you download the support material below.The files included aread.txtbanner.asp3 banner imagesclicks.aspexample.aspredirect.aspad.txtIn order for the AdRotator component to work, you must configure a text file. This text file contains all the banner ad properties. However, The text file must follow a certain format. The first four lines are as follows：REDIRECT redirect.aspWIDTH 400HEIGHT 50*REDIRECTWhen a banner is clicked, the "AdRotator" component goes to a preliminary page. This page is called a redirect page. The redirect page handles any extra programming events before directing a user to the banners destination. In this example banner system, I called the preliminary file "redirect.asp".WIDTHThis sets the width of the banner ad image. The value must be in pixels.HEIGHTThis sets the height of the banner ad image. The value must be in pixels.*The asterisk tells the "AdRotator" component that it is about to acquire banner ad information. The asterisk is required.Once you define the general properties above the asterisk, then comes the list of banners to display. In the ad.txt file, there are three banners defined below the asterisk.banner1.jpg20banner2.jpg30banner3.jpg30Each banner requires four lines of properties, which follow the format below：Image filenameWeb AddressDescriptionBanner WeightImage FileThe image filename can be a fully qualified web address or relative name that points to the image. If the image is in a different folder, then you also include the folder name as well.(/banner1.jpg, banner1.jpg, or foldername/banner.jpg)>Web AddressThe web address can be a page on your site or a fully qualified web address that leads to another site.DescriptionThe description will be displayed as a tool tip. When you rest your mouse over the banner, the description pops up.Banner WeightThe banner weight determines how much a banner is displayed. The "AdRotator" component adds all of the banner weights and determines theprobability or percent chance of a particular banner being displayed. A banner with a higher weight has better a better probability.NOTE: You can disable a banners property by substituting with a dash. banner3.jpg-30The example entry above would create a banner ad that does not have a web address.Banner.aspThis file uses the "AdRotator" component and analyzes the contents of the ad.txt file. Below is the code.sub banner(strTarget)dim bannerad, htmlset bannerad = server.CreateObject("MSWC.adrotator")bannerad.TargetFrame = strTargethtml = bannerad.GetAdvertisement("ad.txt")Response.Write htmlend subThe first thing to note is that the ASP was written with VBScript. The second thing to note is that the code is written inside a sub procedure called banner(strTarget).For those of you who do not know, a sub procedure allows you to group together a bunch of code that can be reused over and over. Like a function, it takes an argument, such as a word or variable. In the code above the argument is strTarget.Unlike a function, a sub-procedure does not return any values, it just executes the code inside line by line.Inside the sub I declare two variables...dim bannerad, htmlNext I store the "AdRotator" component inside the "bannerad" variable. When storing a component inside a variable you use the set keyword. Since we are programming server-side with ASP, we use server.CreateObject to summon the component. "MSWC.adrotator" is the component key or name value.set bannerad = server.CreateObject("MSWC.adrotator")Next I use a property of the "AdRotator" called "TargetFrame". This property is equivalent to：html = bannerad.GetAdvertisement("ad.txt")Finally, I want to print the contents of the "html" variable. This prints the code that displays the banner images.Response.Write htmlRedirect.aspThis is the file that is processed before someone is redirected to the banners web address. Inside this file, we can capture information like how many times a particular banner is clicked and so on. To start things off, I defined a variable called "strUrl".Dim strUrlNext I store a querystring value inside this new variable.strUrl = Request.Querystring("url")A querystring is nothing more than a bunch of name/value pairs attached to a web address. When a user clicks on a banner, the "AdRotator" component attaches a querystring to the redirect file. So if we were to click banner1.jpg, defined in ad.txt, we would end up with a redirect web address that looks like so.Redirect.asp?url=&image=banner1.jpgIn essence assigning "Request.Querystring("url") to "strUrl", is the same as assigning to it.Finally, I check to see which banner was clicked. I accomplish this with the VBSCript inStr( ) function.if instr(strUrl, "htmlgoodies") thenApplication.Lockapplication("htmlgoodies") = application("htmlgoodies") + 1Application.UnLockResponse.ClearResponse.Redirect strUrlend ifThe inStr( ) function returns the number position of a sub-word (sub-string) within another word (string). The format is as followsInStr(main word, sub-word)If the sub-word exist within the main word, then the function will equal a number greater-than zero or true. If the sub-word does not exist, then the function will equal zero or false. In the example above, I check to see if "htmlgoodies" exist within . Since the answer is true, then the code inside the if... then... statement will execute.Inside the if... then... I use an application variable. An application variable is native to ASP. Application variables store information as long as a web application exist, a web application ceases to exist when say someone shuts off the web hosting server. The beauty of an application variable is that you can define it on one web page and use it in other web pages within your web application. The downfall is that the users computer must have cookies enabled.Anyways, the code adds one to the application variable, every time a banner is clicked. After one is added, the code redirects to the banners web page. So if banner1 was clicked then you shall be redirected to "".Response.Redirect strUrlExample.aspThis is an example page that uses the banner ad system. When you refresh the page, you should most likely see a different banner. Whenever you want to insert the banner ad on a page, you can use the SSI directive below...<!-- #include file="banner.asp" -->Once you include the file above, then you can call the sub-procedure inside the banner.asp file like so...Call banner("_blank")Notice that I supply one of the values for the "TargetFrame" as an argument. So if the banner is clicked, then the web page should open up in a separate browser window.Clicks.aspThis is a very simple page that displays the number of clicks per banner ad. To display the number of times a banner was clicked, you just print the contents of the application variables that were created inside "redirect.asp". Pretty nifty. <% =application("htmlgoodies") %>ASP横幅广告系统乔给读者的话：这是一个由用户提交上述笔者的教程。
中英文翻译(asp)
外文翻译（附英文原文）Dreamweaver MX 中的数据库Macromedia Dreamweaver MX是一个令人兴奋的版本，它在建立动态网的应用方面带来了一个很大的推进。
越来越多的人拥有了他们需要的工具去快速且简单的把他们的网站连接到数据库，他们可以做从收取e-mail到使用完全的网络商店数据服务的所有事情。
在强大功能同时也带来的一点责任，无论是你自己、你的客户还有你网站的用户都有。
你有责任去建立一个安全的应用端，我们的目的是为了保护你收集的数据和商店免于被非法盗用。
建立一个安全连接并不是一个很困难的任务，但是他要让你切实注意你所做的一切。
你将要采取一些保护数据措施才能使你的站点在发展和推广期间走的更远。
他们不仅包括Dreamweaver MX 还包括你使用的数据程序。
带索引序列存取（ISAM）数据库包括了一些流行的基于文件的数据库里例如Microsoft Access, FileMaker, 以及FoxPro。
他们都是典型的独立体且能通过一个驱动程序访问，他们不需要服务端请求去运行。
这些程序是本地建立的然后通过DSN上传到网络服务器，一总硬件代码连接方式，或者象ASP里面的Server.MapPath一样的方法。
ISAM是廉价并且易于使用。
但是如果你不用一些简单的方法保护他们的话也是很容易被突破的。
首先，注意你存储数据的文件。
如果可能的话，把数据库的文件夹放在你网站根目录的上层。
例如，如果到你的服务器上的网站的物理路径是c:\websites\mywebsite，mywebsite文件夹和下层的内容就都是从浏览器可看到的内容。
这意味着如果你把你的数据库文件放到c:\websites\mywebsite\database，那么某些知道或者猜到你的文件名的人就能简单的通过/database/filename.mdb去下载到你的数据文件。
因为服务器没有关联程序去运行mdb文件，它就默许了用户下载这个文件。
外文翻译---提高字符串处理性能的ASP应用程序
的。
这是一个设有一个可配置的字符串缓冲区并且管理新文本插入到该缓冲区，只有当文本长度超过字符串缓冲区的长度时，才产生字符串的充足。
微软网框架免费地提供了这种类别。
（System.Text.StringBuilder）。
这是在那种环境下进行串联操作所推荐的。
在ASP和传统的Visual Basic的世界中，我们无权使用此类别，因此我们需要建立我们自己的一个类别。
以下是一个范例是用Visual Basic 6.0创建的StringBuilder类（错误处理代码为了简便已省略）。
Option Explicitdefault initial size of buffer and growth factorPrivate Const DEF_INITIALSIZE As Long = 1000Private Const DEF_GROWTH As Long = 1000buffer size and growthPrivate m_nInitialSize As LongPrivate m_nGrowth As Longbuffer and buffer countersPrivate m_sText As StringPrivate m_nSize As LongPrivate m_nPos As LongPrivate Sub Class_Initialize()set defaults for size and growthm_nInitialSize = DEF_INITIALSIZEm_nGrowth = DEF_GROWTHinitialize bufferInitBufferEnd Subset the initial size and growth amountPublic Sub Init(ByVal InitialSize As Long, ByVal Growth As Long)If InitialSize > 0 Then m_nInitialSize = InitialSizeIf Growth > 0 Then m_nGrowth = GrowthEnd Subinitialize the bufferPrivate Sub InitBuffer()m_nSize=-1m_nPos=1End Subgrow the bufferPrivate Sub Grow(Optional MinimimGrowth As Long) initialize buffer if necessaryIf m_nSize = -1 Thenm_nSize = m_nInitialSizem_sText = Space$(m_nInitialSize)Elsejust growDim nGrowth As LongnGrowth = IIf(m_nGrowth > MinimimGrowth,m_nGrowth, MinimimGrowth)m_nSize = m_nSize + nGrowthm_sText = m_sText & Space$(nGrowth)End IfEnd Subtrim the buffer to the currently used sizePrivate Sub Shrink()If m_nSize > m_nPos Thenm_nSize = m_nPos - 1m_sText = RTrim$(m_sText)End IfEnd Subadd a single text stringPrivate Sub AppendInternal(ByVal Text As String) If (m_nPos + Len(Text)) > m_nSize Then Grow Len(Text) Mid$(m_sText, m_nPos, Len(Text)) = Textm_nPos = m_nPos + Len(Text)End Subadd a number of text stringsPublic Sub Append(ParamArray Text())Dim nArg As LongFor nArg = 0 To UBound(Text)AppendInternal CStr(Text(nArg))Next nArgEnd Subreturn the current string data and trim the bufferPublic Function ToString() As StringIf m_nPos > 0 ThenShrinkToString = m_sTextElseToString = ""End IfEnd Functionclear the buffer and reinitPublic Sub Clear()InitBufferEnd Sub使用这个类别的基本原理是一个类别级的变量（m_sText）被保留，这个变相相当于一个字符串缓冲区，而这个缓冲区的大小设定是靠使用Space$功能来对其填充空格符号。
ASP和net技术及数据库管理外文原文+中文翻译
服务器上运行。将程序在服务器端首次运行时进行编译，比 ASP 即时解释程序速 度上要快很多.而且是可以用任何与 . net 兼容的语言（包括 Visual Basic . net、 C# 和 JScript . net.）创作应用程序。另外，任何 ASP. net 应用程序都可以使用 整个 . net Framework。开发人员可以方便地获得这些技术的优点，其中包括托管 的 公 共 语 言 运 行 库 环 境 、 类 型 安 全 、 继 承 等 等 。 ASP. net 可 以 无 缝 地 与 WYSIWYG HTML 编辑器和其他编程工具（包括 Microsoft Visual Studio . net） 一起工作。这不仅使得 Web 开发更加方便，而且还能提供这些工具必须提供的 所有优点， 包括开发人员可以用来将服务器控件拖放到 Web 页的 GUI 和完全集 成的调试支持。 当创建 ASP. net 应用程序时，开发人员可以使用 Web 窗体或 XML Web services，或以他们认为合适的任何方式进行组合。每个功能都能得到 同一结构的支持，使您能够使用身份验证方案，缓存经常使用的数据，或者对应 用程序的配置进行自定义. 如果你从来没有开发过网站程序，那么这不适合你，你 应该至少掌握一些 HTML 语言和简单的 Web 开发术语(不过我相信如果有兴趣的 话是可以很快的掌握的)。你不需要先前的 ASP 开发经验（当然有经验更好） ，但 是你必须了解交互式 Web 程序开发的概念， 包含窗体， 脚本， 和数据接口的概念， 如果你具备了这些条件的话，那么你就可以在 的世界开始展翅高飞了。 不仅仅是 Active Server Page (ASP) 的下一个版本,而且是一种建立 在通用语言上的程序构架，能被用于一台 Web 服务器来建立强大的 Web 应用程 序。 提供许多比现在的 Web 开发模式强大的优势。 ASP. net 运行的架构分为几个阶段： 在 IIS 与 Web 服务器中的消息流动阶段。 在 ASP. net 网页中的消息分 派。 在 ASP. net 网页中的消息处理。 ASP. net 的原始设计构想，就是要让开发人员能够像 VB 开发工具那样，可 以使用事件驱动式程序开发模式 (Event-Driven Programming Model) 的方法来 开发网页与应用程序，若要以 ASP 技术来做到这件事的话，用必须要使用大量的 辅助信息，像是查询字符串或是窗体字段数据来识别与判断对象的来源、事件流 向以及调用的函数等等，需要撰写的代码量相当的多，但 ASP. net 很巧妙利用窗 体字段和 JavaScript 脚本把事件的传递模型隐藏起来了。 在 ASP. net 运行的时候， 经常会有网页的来回动作 (round-trip)， 在 ASP. net 中称为 PostBack，在传统的 ASP 技术上，判断网页的来回是需要由开发人员自 行撰写，到了 ASP. net 时，开发人员可以用 Page.IsPostBack 机能来判断是否 为第一次运行 (当 发现 HTTP POST 要求的数据是空值时)， 它可以保 证 ASP. net 的控件事件只会运行一次，但是它有个缺点（基于 HTTP POST 本 身的缺陷） ，就是若用户使用浏览器的刷新功能 (按 F5 或刷新的按钮) 刷新网页 时，最后一次运行的事件会再被运行一次，若要避免这个状况，必须要强迫浏览 器清空高速缓存才可以。
asp技术外文翻译
原文：（一）An Active Server Page (ASP)1. This paper firstly introduces multi-tier B/S Architecture and Web-related technology .Based on them , this paper presents system objection, system demand, main feather and system design solution ,particularly describes system design and implement in detail. In system design and implement，and key points in other sub-system are also analyzed further .This paper also introduces mostly technology of system . Lastly, this paper makes a summery and figures out some problem which need to be improved.2. computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes B/S possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for B/S to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in a corporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.3. which in turn serves it back to the client in your personal computer, which displays the information for you.The client/server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most business applications being written today use the client/server model. So does the Internet's main program, TCP/IP. In marketing, the term has been used to distinguish distributed computing by smaller dispersed computers from the "monolithic" centralized computing of mainframe computers. But this distinction has largely disappeared as mainframes and their applications have also turned to the client/server model and become part of network computing.In the usual client/server model, one server, sometimes called a daemon, is activated and awaits client requests. Typically, multiple client programs share the services of a common server program. Both client programs and server programs are often part of a larger program or application. Relative to the Internet, your Web browser is a client program that requests services (the sending of Web pages or files) from a Web server (which technically is called a Hypertext Transport Protocol or HTTP server) in another computer somewhere on the Internet. Similarly, your computer with TCP/IP installed allows you to make client requests for files from File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers in other computers on the Internet.Other program relationship models included master/slave, with one program being in charge of all other programs, and peer-to-peer, with either of two programs able to initiate a transaction.ASP is also an abbreviation for application service provider.An Active Server Page (ASP) is an HTML page that includes one or more scripts (small embedded programs) that are processed on a Microsoft Web server before the page is sent to the user. An ASP is somewhat similar to a server-side include or a common gateway interface (CGI) application in that all involve programs that run on the server, usually tailoring a page for the user. Typically, the script in the Web pageat the server uses input received as the result of the user's request for the page to access data from a database and then builds or customizes the page on the fly before sending it to the requestor.ASP is a feature of the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), but, since the server-side script is just building a regular HTML page, it can be delivered to almost any browser. You can create an ASP file by including a script written in VBScript or JavaScript in an HTML file or by using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) program statements in the HTML file. You name the HTML file with the ".asp" file suffix. Microsoft recommends the use of the server-side ASP rather than a client-side script, where there is actually a choice, because the server-side script will result in an easily displayable HTML page. Client-side scripts (for example, with JavaScript) may not work as intended on older browsers.For Web service applications, Microsoft provides a new version of ASP support called .4. Browser/Server is a trademark for the new paradigm of corporate computing that is now possible using technology developed for the World Wide Web.At the present time the Web is used by the many corporations to distribute marketing materials. The corporate Web Server is usually just a Brochure Server for the Marketing department.The potential exists for using Web Browsers and Severs for much more, especially behind the corporate firewall. Browser/Server technology can be used to enhance most corporate computing systems, not just the system used for marketing.To understand the important new role that Browser/Server technology can play within a company it is useful to examine the previous paradigms that have paved the way for Browser/Server computing.Computers were first used in Batch mode. End users had little interaction with the corporate computing systems. Inputs would be gathered in a "batch" and keyed into punch cards, which were fed by operators into the mainframe computer when the computer was done running previous batch jobs. When the mainframe processed the job it usually produced printed output which eventually made its way to the end user. The batch process included no user interaction, and the only recourse a user had after discovering errors in the batch run was to go through the cycle, which often took hours or even days, again and again.The addition of dumb terminals to the mainframe gave the users direct, hands-on, connections to the corporate computer. Users no longer had to wait for a computer operator to run their jobs, they could enter the data and initiate processing themselves. There were still delays involved. Dumb terminals were useful for inputting and displaying information, but because they had no processing ability it was necessary for the user to interact with the mainframe in order to interact with their data. Batch jobs previously could be run one-by-one if necessary, but mainframes had to deal with all attached terminals seemingly at once. This lead to delays as users waited for the mainframe to "turn around" their terminal messages while they interacted with their data.Still, the delays were now down to seconds or minutes, instead of hours or days.Client/Server computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes Client/Server possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for Client/Server to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in acorporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.The split-up of the corporate applications is different for Browser/Server . The user interface and the data interaction components are still run on the user machine, but the business logic usually remains on the Server, usually in a special Server called an Application Server.The user interface and data interaction components do run on the Client, but they are not ultimately stored there. They are most probably Java applets stored in a corporate Intranet Web Server, and they are automatically loaded into the Browser software on the user machine as they are needed. If a newer version becomes available, then that version is automatically loaded.We have achieved the same benefits as with Client/Server, but without the enormous distribution and maintenance problem. The only software that the user machine needs, besides an operating system and personal productivity software, is a Web Browser that runs Java applets.Since much of the "fat" of the application resides in the business logic Application Server, the need to constantly upgrade the user machines is greatly reduced. There is no need to spend precious time and hard disk space installing corporate software on thousands of user machines, or hundreds of departmental LANs.Corporate software assets now all reside in corporate servers, under IT control. Updates to systems are now easily coordinated.So exactly what is Browser/Server technology? Browser/Server is an important adaptation of modern network-centric computing that optimizes the performance of mission critical enterprise applications deployed via the corporate intranet and/or World Wide Web.Browser/Server accomplishes these performance gains with customized multi-tiered infrastructure and application designs that produce production solutions with reduced network requests and increased user interaction.（二）SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCEThe activity of software quality assurance is closely related to verification and validation activities carried out at each stage of the software life cycle[1]．Indeed，in many organizations there is no distinction made between these activities．However，quality assurance and other verification and validation activities are actually quite separate，with quality assurance being a management function and verification andvalidation being part of the process of software development[2]．An appropriate definition of software quality assurance is provided by Bersoff（1984）：Quality assurance consists of those procedures，techniques and tools applied by professionals to ensure that a product meets or exceeds prespecified standards during a products development cycle[3]；and without specific prescribed standards，quality assurance entails ensuring that a product meets or exceed a minimal industrial and / or commercially acceptable level of excellence．This definition is，of course[4]，a fairly general one and it suggests that，firstly，software standards can be established and，secondly，the level of excellence of a software product can be estimated．The development of software engineering project standards is an extremely difficult process. A standard is some abstract representation of a product which defines the minimal level of performance，robustness，organization，etc.，which the developed product must attain[5]．At the time of writing，some software standards have been developed by the IEEE，ANSI and military organizations．These standards describe configuration management plans，documentation，specification practices，software comparisons，etc．Other standards which are currently under development include standards for reliability，measurement，the use of Ada as PDL[6]，software testing and others．Bransta d and Powell（1984）describe both existing and planned software standards as well as discussing standardization in more general terms．The problem with national software standards is that they tend to be very general in nature. This is inevitable as，unlike hardware，we are not yet capable of quantifying most software characteristics．Effective quality assurance within an organization thus requires the development of more specific organizational standards．Of course，the problem which arises in developing software standards for quality assurance and which makes the assessment of the level of excellence of a software product difficult to assess is the elusive nature of software quality．Boehm et al．（1978）suggest that quality criteria include but are not limited to：Economy Correctness ResilienceIntegrity Reliability UsabilityDocumentation Modifiability ClarityUnderstandability Validity MaintainabilityFlexibility Generality PortabilityInteroperability Testability EfficiencyModularity ReusabilityExactly how some of these criteria may be quantified is not clear．Furthermore，as Buckley and Poston（1984）point out，parts of this definition may have no value for a particular product．It may be possible to transfer a system from a microcomputer to a large mainframe but this is often a nonsensical thing to do．Assessment of software quality thus still relies on the judgement of skilled individuals although this does not mean that it is necessarily inferior to quantitative assessment．After all，we cannotassess a painting or a play quantitatively yet this does not preclude a judgement of its quality．Within an organization，quality assurance should be carried out by an independent software quality assurance team who reports directly to management above the project manager level．The quality assurance team should not be associated with any particular development group but should be responsible for quality assurance across all project groups in an organization．The activity of quality assurance involves sitting in on design reviews[7]，program walkthroughs，etc. ，and reporting on the overall quality of the product as it is developed．It also involves checking that the finished product and its associated documentation conform to those standards which exist．The quality assurance team may also assess if the different representations of a product（requirements，design，code）are consistent and complete．Notice that quality assurance is not the same as system testing．It is the development or testing team’s responsibility to validate the system，with the quality assurance team reporting on both the validation and the adequacy of the validation effort．This naturally involves quality assurance being closely associated with the final integration testing of the system．Software quality assurance is now an emerging subdiscipline of software engineering[8]．As Buckly and Poston point out，effective software quality assurance is likely to lead to an ultimate reduction in software costs．However，the major hurdle in the path of software management in this area is the lack of usable software standards．The development of accepted and generally applicable standards should be one of the principal goals of research in software engineering．（三）SOFTWARE TESTING1. Purpose of TestingNo matter how capably we write programs，it is clear front the variety of possible errors that we should check to insure that our modules are coded correctly．Many programmers view testing as a demonstration that their programs perform properly．However，the idea of demonstrating correctness is really the reverse of what testing is all about．We test a program in order to demonstrate he existence of an error．Because our goal is to discover errors，we can consider a test successful only when an error is discovered．Once an error is found，“debugging”or error correction is the process of determining what causes the error and of making changes to the system so that the error no longer exists．2．Stages of TestingIn the development of a large system，testing involves several stages．First，each program module is tested as a single program，usually isolated from the other programs in the system．Such testing，known as module testing or unit-testing，verifies that the module functions properly with the types of input expected from studying themodule design．Unit testing is done in a controlled environment whenever possible so that the test team can feed a predetermined set of data to the module being tested and observe what output data are produced[1]．In addition，the test team checks the internal data structures，the logic，and the boundary conditions for the input and output data．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．Once we are sure that information is passed among modules according to the design prescriptions，we test the system to assure that it has the desired functionality．A function test evaluates the system to determine if the functions described by the requirements specification are actually performed by the integrated system [2]．The result，then，is a functioning system．Recall that the requirements were specified in two ways：first in the customer’s terminology and again as a set of software and hardware requirements．The function test compares the system being built with the functions described in the software and hardware requirements．Then，a performance test compares the system with the remainder of the software and hardware requirements．If the test is performed in the customer’s actual working environment，a successful test yields a validated system．However，if the test must be performed in a simulated environment，the resulting system is a verified system．When the performance test is complete，we as developers are certain that the system functions according to our understanding of the system description．The next step is to confer with the customer to make certain that the system works according to the customer’s expectations．We join with the customer to perform an acceptance test in which the system is checked against the customer’ s requirements description．When the acceptance test is complete，the accepted system is installed in the environment in which it will be used；a final I nstallation test is performed to make sure that the system still functions as it should．Fig. 8-2 illustrates the several stages of testing．Although systems may differ in size，the type of testing described in each stage is necessary for assuring the proper performance of any system being developed．译文：（一） asp技术1. 本文首先介绍了课题研究所用的技术:浏览器/服务器结构以及Web应用的相关数据库访问技术。
免费ASP英文翻译
1．所译外文资料：①作者：②书名：Tutorial Home Page③出版社：④出版时间（或刊号）：2004⑤所译页码：2．译成中文：Session and Application本页我们将学习如何将用户信息保持在我们的站点里（用Session 方法）和用户间如何共享信息用(Application方法)。
这仅仅是对初学者的基本指南，因此只阐述了基本的用法。
Session 方法当某个用户首次访问我们站点的页面时，会引起建立连接和断开连接的事件发生。
在该过程中，服务器和客户端将通过互发信息来确认对方。
通过信息的互发，服务器将能够识辨某个指定的用户，并把特定的信息给赋给特定的用户。
计算机之间的这种关系称为会话－session.在会话活动期间，可以用Session方法把信息赋给特定的用户。
下面我们将用例子来解释这个方法：假设我们想允许特定的用户来访问我们站点或目录上的信息，而且我们想在用户访问的所有页面上显示他的用户名。
在这种情况下我们将使用Session方法。
在这个例子中，我们用index.asp 页面要求用户输入用户名。
respondtoforms.asp<% IF Request.form="" THEN %><html><title>Our private pages</title><body>In order to access this pages fill the form below:<BR><form method="post" action="index.asp">Username: <input type="text" name="username" size="20"><BR>Password: <input type="password" name="password" size="15"><BR><input type="Submit" value="Submit"></form></body></html><% ELSE %><%IF Request.form("username")="Joe" AND Request.form("password")="please" THEN %><%Session("permission")="YES"Session("username")="Joe"%><html><title>Our private pages</title><body>Hi <% =Session("username") %>, you are allow to see these pages: <BR><A HREF="page1.asp">Page 1</A><BR><A HREF="page2.asp">Page 2</A></body></html><% ELSE %>Error in username or password<% END IF %><% END IF %>123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142让我来解释一下这个页面如何运作的？第一行的语句是用来检验用户是否通过表单提交信息的。
ASPNET毕业论文中英文文献
ASP毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译附件1：外文资料翻译译文 概述 是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。
作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。
当您编写 应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。
您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码，这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、C#、JScript .NET 和 J#。
使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 应用程序。
包括：•页和控件框架• 编译器•安全基础结构•状态管理功能•应用程序配置•运行状况监视和性能功能•调试支持•XML Web services 框架•可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理•可扩展的设计器环境 页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现 网页。
可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 网页， 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。
通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。
但是，您可以针对诸如 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 的特定浏览器设计 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。
支持基于 Web 的设备（如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理 (PDA)）的移动控件。
网页是完全面向对象的。
在 网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。
页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。
该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。
使用 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。
控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到 网页中。
asp外文文献
ASP introductionIn 1998, Microsoft to release the ASP 2.0. It is part of the Pack Windows NT4 Option, as IIS 4.0 of module.in accessories. It with ASP 1.0 are the main difference between its external components can be initialized, so that in the ASP program of all internal components have independent memory space, and available for the transaction. By 2000, with the Windows 2000 success release, the operating system IIS 5.0 ach incident ASP 3.0 also begins popularity. Compared with ASP 2.0, ASP 3.0 advantage lies in it USES the COM +, hence its effectiveness is better than its front version, and more stable. In 2001, appeared. In the first development, it is the name of the ASP +, but to with plan, and to show that match the ASP version is not to ASP3.0 complement, Microsoft will its named . on the structure and in front of the version is widely divergent, it almost entirely based on the components and modular, Web applications developers use this development environment can realize more modular, more powerful application.As web developers, our lives revolve around working with data. We create databases to store the data, code to retrieve and modify it, and web pages to collect and summarize it. This is the first tutorial in a lengthy series that will explore techniques for implementing these common patterns in ASP. We'll start with creating a software architecture composed of a Data Access Layer (DAL) using Typed DataSets, a Business Logic Layer (BLL) that enforces custom business rules, and a presentation layer composed of ASP pages that share a common page layout. Once this backend groundwork has been laid, we'll move into reporting, showing how to display, summarize, collect, and validate data from a web application. These tutorials are geared to be concise and provide step-by-step instructions with plenty of screen shots to walk you through the process visually. Each tutorial is available in C# and Visual Basic versions and includes a download of the complete code used.First，ASP page featuresASP is a server-side scripting compile environment, can be used to create and run dynamic Web pages or Web applications. ASP page can contain text, HTML tags, common script commands and COM components, etc. Using ASP page can be added to the interactive content (such as online forms) and can also create using HTMLpage as the user interface of web applications. Compared with HTML, ASP page has the following features:Using ASP can realize breakthrough static HTML pages of some functions limit to realize a dynamic web technology,The ASP file is contained in the HTML code consisting of files, easy to modify and testing;On the server ASP explain procedures will be executed on the server ASP program, and will result in HTML format teleport to the client browser, so using various browsers can browse ASP produced a web page,ASP provides some built-in object, use these objects can make server-side scripting function stronger. For instance can extract from the web browser user through HTML form information submitted, and in a script for the information processing, and then to the web browser to send information,ASP server ActiveX components can be used to perform various tasks, such as access database, send Email or access the file system, etc.As the server is the result of ASP program execution in HTML back to the client browser, therefore users won't see ASP written by the original program code, can prevent ASP program code being stolen. and convenient connection ACCESS and SQL database the development needs a lot of experience, otherwise you will set aside loophole, let hackers using for injection attack. ASP are not limited to the WEB site with HTML combining production, but also can be combined with the XHTML and WML language production WAP mobile WEB sites. But its principle is the same.Second, ASP - working principleWhen in Web sites into ASP function, will occur the following things:1, user browser address bar to input the website, the default page extensions is Asp.2, request to the server browser.3, server engine starts running ASP program.4, according to the ASP file from top to bottom, execute the order began to treat scripting commands, executive HTML page content.5, page information sent to the browser.Third, ASP upgrade platform: Operation features. 1. is based on the common language program in the server. Unlike previous ASP real-time interpretation process, but a program in the server's first run compile, executive effect, than a a explanation much better, executive efficiency greatly enhanced. can run in the Web application of software developers almost all of the platform. The common language of basic library, information mechanism, data interface treatment can seamlessly integrate into the Web applications. is also independent language language - feasibility of, so, you can choose a kind of the most suitable for your language to write your program, or put your program in a number of language to write, now support with c #, , Jscript, managedC++, J#. In the future, such a variety of program language collaborative working ability to protect your present based on COM + development program, can complete transplant to .Codetemplate language 2. commonly there are two major kinds of developing language, using the and c #, c # relative is more commonly used, because it is unique language, using the VB programming is used, suitable for VB programmers, if before new , no other development experience with language, suggest direct study c #.Four, ASP meaning and characteristics1. The ASP five core connotationASP (ApplicationServiceProvider, application software leasing service provider) that is "through the network to provide application software services means of leasing the practitioners", which refers to the operator for the application of software as the main body, through a network to transfer service, this mainly services trademode can promote the enterprise by leasing the way to more cost-effective manner with software, and can also use because providers centralized management and dramatically reduce enterprise cost of maintenance. Basically, ASP as a "software Service, Service network", "Information outsourcing Service and network combination" and "product pathways of three main productization, distribution characteristics, their can even regarded as ISP (InternetService Provider) and ITS (Information Technology Service) combination. According to the prevailing opinion, ASP has the following five core connotation:A. ASP application for the center to provide emphatically for application of access and management.B. ASP service can provide users with no in the server, personnel, systems and system authorization for the resource inputs they can be in "customize" new application system environment access services, such as ISP, and such services are generally press month ASP service fee.C. ASP adopts a centralized management means -- ASP generally has a management center, all the customers through the INTERNET to remote access, obtain a technical support and consultation services.D. a service, also is to speak, ASP provided is standardized products bag, the products are minimal custom or no customized for clients achieve industry users speaking has reached practical convenient standards.E. according to contract delivery; in the ASP customer's eyes, ASP is one according to the customer agreement to provide relevant service, guaranteed that the application service system service can get really fulfil institution.2. ASP stage of development and the problems facedWith Internet service providers, software vendors and the ISP as its main character, IT is various according to their own advantages based on ASP in various fields of trying. Current stage speaking, ASP services provided by countless multifarious, no standardization and quantification, the concept of hardware manufacturers to ASP "soil" and force direction draws close, software vendors andthe ISP is directly involved in the ASP business front line. The author estimates, after a period of trial and development, ASP will provide service integration development, product and service preliminary standardization will soon be established, and then into the market thinning and standards, ASP product mature period, ASP steadily, and will eventually become the IT industry business model core! At present in the ASP the road of development, main are faced with the problem that the changes of ideas aspects: use lease instead of buying, service integration instead of product distributors and service economy instead of product economy and so on. Specific to the actual regard, safety and quality of service is ASP and client priority of common concern, to realize the ASP puts forward "lease high-tech" slogan, ASP go15!Five, PHP, ASP, JSP three technological comparisonIn popular before, the most commonly used three dynamic web language has ASP (web), Active Server (JSP JavaServer web), PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor). ASP full name, is a WEB Server Active WEB Server development environment, use it can produce and implement dynamically, interactive, high-performance WEB service applications. ASP adopts scripting language VBScript (Java script) as one's own development language. PHP is a cross-platform server embedded scripting language. It largely use C, Java and Perl language syntax, and coupling PHP own character, make WEB developers to write quickly dynamic generate a page. It supports at present, most database. There is little that PHP is a completely free, no money, you can from PHP official site. Free download. And you can get no restrictions to the source code, even can add your own needs from the characteristic. The JSP is launched from the new generation of website development language, from his in Java from the uncommon attainments, will Java from Java applications and JavaApplet outside, and new achievements, is the JSP, Java ServerPage. The JSP can JavaBean Servlet and, under the support of complete powerful site procedures.All three provide in HTML code mixed some code, by the language engine interpretive execution code's ability. But JSP code has been compiled into Java virtual machine by Servlet and interpretive execution, the compiler operation is only on the JSP page first request happen. The ASP, PHP, JSP environment, HTML code is mainlyresponsible for describe information display, and program code is used to describe handling logic. Normal HTML page only depends on the Web server and the ASP, PHP, the JSP page need additional language engine analysis and implementation program code. The program code to be executing embedded into HTML code, then the message to all browsers. ASP, PHP, JSP were three facing Web server technology, the client browser does not need any additional software support.Six, ASP common divdefined functionsASP commonly used in ASP built-in functions, belt returnvalue such a piece of code is called function. For example by writing a piece of code to compute a natural number is prime, and returned to the calling program, due to the calling program need to know whether the natural number, so we must primeness to return a value.1. The date/time functionsThese functions including "year", "month", "day", ", "" points" and "second", "week" wait for display.Now: according to the computer system to set a date and time, returns the current date and time value. Method of use now ();Date: only returns the current computer system to set a Date value. Method of use: date ();A: only returns the current computer system set Time value. Method of use: (a);Returns a representative very Year of integers. Method of use: the year (date), of which date parameters is arbitrary can represent the date of parameters, such as "the year (date ()" means from "date ()" the date that extract which "nian" integer.Additional, still can such application: "the year (# 520,2006 #)" said extraction "on May 20, 2006" in "nian" integral value. About "520,2006", also can use "5-20-2006", "5/20/2006" form, namely "anticipation" and "very" combination. At the same time, we should use "#" includes to show date value.Month: returns 1 to 12 between integer, said a year the hour. Method of use: month (date). The specifications and parameters of the date on the same yearfunction. But take note date the correctness of, such as "# 13-31-2006 #", there is no "13" month, affirmation is wrong.1 to 31 / between returns an integer value, said a month in one Day. Method of use: / (date). The specifications and parameters of the date on the same year function. Also make sure the correctness of the date, such as "# # 2-30-2006 among the"2 "month definition" 30 "day is just wrong.Hour-by-hour returns 0 to 23 between integer, said one day in a Hour. Method of use: hour-by-hour (a). The parameter is arbitrary represents a time of expression. Such as "hour-by-hour (a)" means () () "from" a time that the extract among them "hours" integer. Similarly, the parameters of a return can so application "hour-by-hour (# 11:45:50 #)" means from "11" when "45" points "50" seconds to extract the current hours. Of course, the definition of time must conform to the time of norms.How many returns 0 to 59 between integer, said an hour in a Minute. Method of use: how (a). A parameter instructions and hour-by-hour function the same.At returns 0 to 59 between integer, says one minute in one Second. Method of use: at (a). A parameter instructions and hour-by-hour function the same.Weekday returns a week in one day integer. Method of use: weekday (date). The specifications and parameters of the date on the same year function. This function returns the value of "1" to "7", representing the "Sunday", "Monday"... "Saturday." For instance when the return value is the "4" means "on Wednesday."WeekDayName: return a week in specific someday string. Relative weekday function in a "Thursday that translation," use methods: weekdayname (weekday). Weekday namely weeks of specific parameters of certain days numerical. Such as "weekdayname (weekday (date) ()" means that the current is "Thursday." Because "date ()" represents the current time, while "weekday (date ()" means is DE specific someday integer. Of course weekdayname function eventually display string content with the current operating system languages, such as Chinese about operating system will display "Monday" this kind of Chinese characters, and English operation system was revealed to "Mon" (for abbreviations).In addition, in VBScript have some about the time interval calculation function: Returns the specified time interval DateAdd the date and time. Can calculate how many years apart, or a few months apart, and or a few hours apart the new date, time, etc. Method of use: dateadd (interval, by, date). The parameter interval said need to add the time interval units. It is a string of the forms of expression, such as "yyyy" said years, "q" said quarter, "m" said a month, "d" days, "said," said weeks ww "h" said hours, "n" said of minutes, "s" said the number of seconds. While parameters by means of added time interval number. It is expressed, numerical can be as a negative value. Parameters date is the date, time requires the correct format. For instance dateadd (" d ", 100, "2006-5-20") said on May 20, 2006 the 100 days after date value: 2006-8-28. For another example dateadd (" h ",, "- 12 2005-5-20 10:00:00") said on May 20, 2005 at 10 o 'clock in the morning before the date of 12 hours of time: 2005-5-19 22:00:00.(2) DateDiff: return to two date/time interval. May be calculated date of the two hours apart, etc. Method of use: datediff (interval, date1, date2). Parameters interval and dateadd function in the same interval parameters content description, date1 and date2 parameters is compare two respectively time and date. In addition, when date1 date time values greater than date2, will be displayed for a negative value. For example DateDiff (" yyyy ", "1982-7-18", date) said someone's birth to now has many years. For example DateDiff (" d ", "1982-7-18", "2062-7-18") is calculated the 80 years after few days: 29220.2. String processing functionIn the script functions, usually need to some string on some modification of processing. Such as filters in strings sensitive to accord with the final word display requirements; And like a longer string, need to extract of the beginning of several characters.Returns a string of Asc first letter corresponding ANSI character code. Method of use: asc (string). One string parameters said string.Chr: return specifies the ANSI character code corresponding characters. Method of use: CHR (chrcode). Parameters are related chrcode identification Numbers. Thefunction of the function and form corresponding asc function. For instance: the asc ("a ") says lowercase letters "a" ANSI character "97;" Same CHR (97) says is "lowercase letters a". Another CHR (chrcode) parameters in chrcode value 0 to 31 digital, mean not printed ASCII. Such as "CHR (10)", "said newline CHR (13)" said line breaks, etc, which are often used to input and display format conversion.Len returns the number of characters in a string (bytes). Method of use: len (string). For instance len (" love ") value is 4.LCase: return all of the string lowercase form. Method of use: lcase (string). For example lcase (" CNBruce "). CNBruce "for" returnUCase: return all of the string capital form. And lcase function form corresponding. Similarly, ucase (" CNBruce "). CNBruce "for" returnTrim, LTrim and RTrim: leading and subsequent respectively returns without Spaces, leading without Spaces or subsequent without the Spaces in string content. For example: trim (" cnbruce ") cnbruce ", "return to leading and subsequent does not take Spaces, Cnbruce ltrim (" ") returns for "cnbruce", leading without Spaces, Cnbruce rtrim (" ") returns for "cnbruce", the subsequent without Spaces, This function is often used in registration information, such as ensure registered user name before or after Spaces.Left: return from the string is on the Left side of the beginning of the specified number of character. Method of use: left (string, length). For example brousce left (", "5) returns for" brous ", namely the top five characters.U-right returns from the string Right counting the specified number of character. Method of use: right (string, length). For example brousce "(" u-right, 4) returns for" usce ", namely after four characters.Returns a string Instr in another string in the first occurrence of a position. For instance now find the letter "A" in string A110B121C119D1861 "in" the first occurrence of A position, can instr (" A110B121C119D1861 ", "A")Mid: from the string returns specified number of character. Now for instance "110" should be A110B121C119D1861 "from string" 2nd made three units of values:A110B121C119D1861 mid (", "3)3. Type conversion functionsCbool (string) into Boolean valueCbyte (string) into bytes types of valuesCcur (string) for converting currencies such valueCdate (string) into has type of valueCdbl (string) into double valuesCint (string) into an integer valueClng (string) into long integer valueCsng (string) into single precision valueCstr (var) into string valuesStr (var) value conversion for stringVal (string) string convert numerical4. Operation functionAbs (NMB) returns the absolute value of a number of sonsAtn (NMB) returns a number of anyway cutCos (NMB) returns an Angle of YuXuan valuesExp (NMB) returns natural index exponent of valueInt (NMB) returns the numeric plastic (carry) partGood picture (NMB) returns the numeric plastic (100%) part Formatpercent (expression) return percentageNMB) : (data is returned the hexadecimal numberLog (NMB) return to natural logarithmOct (NMB) returns the number eight into digital systemRnd returns than "0" and less than "1" random NumbersLibrary functions like Sin (NMB) returns Angle is Xuan valuesNMB Sqr () returns to the square of digital rootsThe Tan (NMB) returns a number of tangentFive other function.IsArray (var) to judge whether a variable arraysIsDate (var) to judge whether a variable to dateIsNull (var) to judge whether a variable is emptyIsNumeric (var) to judge whether include numerical expressionIsObject (var) to judge whether a variable objectTypeName (var) returns variable data typesArray (list) returned ArrayIt (liststr) from one list in the string returns a one-dimensional arrayLBound (array) an array of minimum indexUbound (the largest array) returned array indexCreateObject (scale-up) create an objectGetObject (pathfilename) got the document objectSeven, asp page ascension speed method 5 then1. Improve the efficiency of using that collectionVisit a ASP set to extract a value is time-consuming, take up the process of computing resources. Because this operation contains a series of related set of search, which than visit a local variable slower. Therefore, if you plan on the page repeated use that set in a value, should consider its storage for a local variables. For example, the code below the form of written script engine on accelerating the processing speed:strTitle=Request.Form("Title")strFirstName=Request.Form("FirstName")strLastName=Request.Form("LastName")If Len(strTitle) Then strTitle=strTitle & " "If strFirstName=""Then strFullName=strTitle & " " & strLastNameElseif Len(strFirstName)=1 ThenstrFullName=strTitle&strFirstName&". "&strLastNameElse strFullName=strTitle & strFirstName & " " & strLastNameEnd If2. To directly access proper collectionIf not have no choice, otherwise don't use that strPage = (" brief ") of the such forms to gain parameters, because it will press sequential search all the set - QueryString, Form, Cookies, ClientCertificate, ServerVarible until they discovered the first matched value names. Do than direct access to appropriate collection, low efficiency, and it is not safe, unless it is absolutely sure this value will not appear on another set. For example, may wish to search meet customer Request WEB server name, which appeared in each inquires through the ServerVarables set in search for that. "SERVER_NAME" to realize. If, however, the other set also contains called "SERVER_NAME" value (key names are not case-sensitive), when use that (" SERVER_NAME "), will get wrong results. In short, should as far as possible to directly access proper collection.3. In time-consuming before operationIn time-consuming use before operation IsClientConnected attributes used in 5.5. IsClientConnected is to observe the user if they still even to the server and loading ASP create web useful manner. If the user disconnected or stop downloads, we needn't waste server resources create pages, because buffer content will be IIS discarded. So, for those who need a lot of time to calculate or resources used more pages for, worth in each phase are already offline: check whether visitors …… Code to create first part of the pageIf Response.IsClientConnected ThenResponse.FlushElseResponse.EndEnd If…… Code to create next part of page4. Don't mix scripting engineWe know, ASP page may use either VBScript, also can use JScript. But on the same page use at the same time JScript and VBScript is not advisable. Because the server must instantiation and try to cache two (not one) script engine, this, to a certain extent increased system burden. Therefore, from the performance on consideration, should not be in the same page in a variety of combinations script engine.Appendix: profile： predecessor ASP technology, is the first launched in IIS 2.0 (Windows NT 3.51), was introduced, together with ADO 1.0 in IIS 3.0 (Windows NT 4.0) carry forward, become the server application of hot development tools, Microsoft also specifically for it custom-made2 the Visual InterDev development tools in 1994 to 2000 between, ASP technology has become Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 platform promote one of the key technology, tens of thousands of ASP website is also the time to start have mushroomed like appear on the Internet. Because of its simple and the height of customized ability, but also it can quickly channeling up one reason. But the ASP shortcomings gradually emerged: pasta type program development method, let the difficulty to maintain improve a lot, especially large ASP application. Literal translation type VBScript or JScript language, let a little limited effectiveness. Ductility because of its infrastructure expansion of shortcomings and limited, although a COM components can be used, but develop some special function (like file upload), not from the built-in support, to seek third party software development of components.Professional Web Services。
基于ASP开发Web应用程序论文-外文翻译+原文【免费】
ASP外文翻译+原文ENGLISHE：Develop Web application program using ASP the architecture that must first establish Web application. Now in application frequently with to have two: The architecture of C/S and the architecture of B/S.Client/server and customer end / server hold the architecture of C/S.The customer / server structure of two floor.Customer / server ( Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. From technology, see that it is a logic concept, denote will a application many tasks of decomposing difference carry out , common completion is entire to apply the function of task. On each network main computer of web site, resource ( hardware, software and data ) divide into step, is not balanced, under customer / server structure, without the client computer of resource through sending request to the server that has resource , get resource request, so meet the resource distribution in network not balancedness. With this kind of structure, can synthesize various computers to cooperate with work, let it each can, realize the scale for the system of computer optimization ( Rightsizing ) with scale reduce to melt ( Downsizing ). Picture is as follows:It is most of to divide into computer network application into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share , it is realized by server; Another part faces every user , is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium function , realizes man-machine interaction through user interface , or is the application program of specific conducted user. And server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter , manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. For a computer, it can have double function , is being certain and momentary to carve to act as server , and again becomes client computer in another time.Customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server , asks one side of service to be called as customer. To be able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; Also, customer one side mustalso have certain hardware and corresponding customer software.There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides communicate according to this agreement.Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation between customer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node; It is even in one time dialogue course, mutual role also exchanges probably. As in carry out file transmission , if be called as one side who offers file server, is called as one side who gets file customer, when using get or mget order since another node takes file, can think that what self use and it is client computer , is using put or mput order to another node dispatch file can again think the machine that used self is server.Multilayer customer / server structureAlong with the development of enterprise application, recently, have again arisen a kind of new multilayer architecture, it applies customer end to divide into two minutes: Customer application and server apply. Customer application is the part of original customer application , is another and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. New customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core , changeable business logic. Therefore its structure has become new ( Client application + Server application )/Server structure. Following picture shows:This kind of structure has solved traditional Client/Server can expand problem, have reduced customer end business logic , and have reduced the requirement of customer end for hardware. At the same time because of a lot of business logic concentrations have gone to unitary application server on, the maintenance work of application system had been also concentrated together, have eliminated the problem in the traditional structure of Client/Server that software distributes. This kind of structure is called as the architecture of B/S.Browser/Server and browser / server hold the architecture of B/S. Onessence, Browser/Server is also a kind of structure of Client/Server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural development of Client/Server come to the three-layer structural special case of Client/Server that applied on Web.In the system of Browser/Server, user can pass through browser to a lot of servers that spread on network to send request. The structure of Browser/Server is maximum to have simplified the work of client computer, on client computer, need to install and deploy few customer end software only , server will bear more work, for database visit and apply program carry out will in server finish.Under the three-layer architecture of Browser/Server, express layer ( Presentatioon ) , function layer ( Business Logic ) , data layer ( Data Service ) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences: It is the first layer of to express layer: Web browser.In expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. It's task is to suggest by Web browser to the certain a Web server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, Web server delivers needed homepage with HTTP agreement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in Web browser on.Second layer function layer: Have the Web server of the application function of program extension.In function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in Web server end. It's task is the request concerning accepting user , need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out connection , passes through the waies such as SQL to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database server the result of handling data submit to Web server, deliver again by Web server to return customer end.The number of plies of 3th according to layer: Database server.In data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. It's task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server.Careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure of Client/Server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client computer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure of Browser/Server of three-layer. This kind of three-layer architecture following picture shows.This kind of structure not only client computer from heavy burden andthe requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture.The contrast of two architecturesThe architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture ofClient/Server compare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of Client/Server and also have the architecture ofClinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have: Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, it's application is often for special purpose.It is lower to develop and defend cost: It need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of Client/Server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. The application of Browser/Server need in customer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so greatly.It is simple to use , interface friendly: The interface of the user of Client/Server is decided by customer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of Client/Server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. The interface of the user of Browser/Server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use , interface friendly, must not study use again other software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that has solved user problem.Customer end detumescence: The customer end of Client/Server has the function that shows and handles data , as the requirement of customer end is a client computer " it is fat " very high. The customer of Browser/Server holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show , the powerful role that has played server fully is so large to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very " thin ".。
计算机外文翻译--ASP技术在电子商务中的运用
外文文献阅读与翻译英文原文ASP technology in the use of E-commerceBased on ASP technology in e-commerce application of the preliminary study, in connection with reality, given the ASP pages in the design of some of the key technologies and methods.Today, information technology and network technology is the rapid development and wide application of these technologies on business applications have a more profound impact, is also changing people's work and living, learning and modes of communication, e-commerce applications of Health, through the electronic Business for more useful information and necessary commodities are generally concerned about the issue, the paper on this preliminary study.1. ASP Technical OverviewASP full name of Active Server Pages (dynamic pages) is a Microsoft introduced to replace the CGI (Common Gateway Interface Common Gateway Interface) of the new technology. At present, Internet on many Windows-based platform for most of the Web site of ASP technology to develop. ASP is a server-side script in the operating environment, the adoption of the environment, users can create and run dynamic, interactive Web server applications, greatly facilitate the managers and viewers.Under normal circumstances, the user through the web browser that most of a static (static) the content of the Internet browser when the HTTP protocol to the site server requests for home contents, site server receipt of the request, after the original transmission Has been designed static HTML documents and data for the browser, users see the staff through the server for good content Home. A "static" site, Home To update the contents of the site must be in the server-side management to update its manual with the HTML document data, real-time worse.With the development of Web applications, the user would like to see on request and dynamically generated Home, for example, respond to the requirements of users query the database to generate statements. In such circumstances, when users fill in the browser on the data submitted in the form of content, to provide an HTTP request, the site received calledfor the implementation of server applications, the form of input data, the results will be implemented HTML format to send to the browser, users will be able to see real-time data and content.ASP use ActiveX technology based on open design environment, users can create their own definitions and components by adding them to their own dynamic pages with almost unlimited expansion of capacity. ASP and common dynamic in the Client-Home technologies such as Java applet, ActiveX Control, VBScript, javascript, and so different, ASP Script in orders and statements by the server to explain the implementation and outcome of the implementation of dynamically generated Web page Surface and sent to the browser, while the technology-Client Script is by the order to explain the implementation of the browser.ASP is due to explain the implementation of the server side, the developers can not consider the browser whether to support the ASP; because of its server-side implementation, developers do not have to worry about other people download programs for the theft of programming logic. ASP called by suffix. Asp to achieve the ASP document, a. Asp document equivalent to an executable file, it must be placed on Web servers are enforceable under the authority of the directory.When a user from the browser entered. Asp files after the address, the browser will request the URL to Web Server, if the Web Server tops the ASP, called on the ASP. ASP read out accordingly. Asp paper to explain and enforce an order to generate a dynamic HTML pages to return a Web Server, Web Server and then send the results to the browser.ASP and HTML document similar to the production and the development of integrated and HTML, in the same process can be completed, the ASP will be able to use the implementation of the scripts embedded in HTML documents (HTML files will be changed to the name suffix. Asp), which makes HTML documents The preparation and development of the script together. ASP through the built-in objects, the server component (Server Component) can be completed very complicated task, but users can also use their own or others to complete the development of the server component of specialized tasks.Comparing the gateway server and ASP expansion mode has the following advantages: (1) ASP VBScript used by the scripting language from the VB, easy to learn. (2) directly into the HTML scripting language, do not need to compile and can connect directly to explainoperation. (3) the use of ADODB components easy access to the database. (4) Object-oriented programming, which can be expanded ActiveX Server component functions, in theory, can achieve any function. (5) does not exist browser compatibility problems, ASP is in the process of server-side run. (6) can be hidden code, the protection of labor results.2．E-commerce data accessIn e-commerce systems, Web provides customers with an effective means of communication, the use of Web technology, and Web servers and database system connected to complete the processing of the data query, the user can operate easy to learn through the browser to query Address the needs of various data.ASP is a realization of Web server and database connectivity middleware technology, but on the Windows platform it is relatively gateway and server model has a larger expansion of the merits. Gateway is the most important feature of its platform-independent, but Gateway are normally difficult to prepare and change. Gateway process usually is an independent process, and not HTML document together, it needs such as C, C + +, VB, and other languages to write a standalone application, and ASP applications to change this. ASP can be used not only to read the Access and SQL Server database, but also can read other ODBC (Open Database Connect open Internet database)-compliant database. In ASP access the database through the ADO (ActiveX Database Object activity data object) and transaction processing to achieve the statement. ADO is a Microsoft operating supported by the database approach is a scalable and easy-to-use database access will be added to the Web page of the technology. ADO objects and the use of DAO (Data Access Object), RDO (long-distance data object) similar to the way. In ASP, ADO can be seen as a server component, more simple, is a series of targets, the application of these powerful objects, you can easily complete the complex operation of the database, to achieve the purpose of access to data.3. ASP in the application of e-commerceIn e-commerce, to users, on-line information for the purpose of the search for the needs of their products or services, and for goods or services provider, its objective is to sell their customers the products or services. Therefore, through the browser allows users to query the server back-end database is that many Web service providers must have services, ASP ADODB through built-in component to achieve this function. ADO can be used to preparecompact concise script to connect to ODBC-compliant database and OLEDB compliant data source. Specific steps can be summarized in the following steps:(1) create a database of sources (DSN) ADODB through ODBC work, to set up ODBC DSN (data sources). Open Windows "Control Panel", double-click "ODBC" the icon, then select "System DSN" attributes page, click <Add>, the choice of database-driven process, then click the "next step", according to the screen Type the instructions of the data source file name, then click the "next step", then click "Finish" create a data source.(2) Links to create a database maintained on some of the data are visiting the dynamic information and links to information. ADODB function of the members of the previous Open and set the DSN with the database connection, the syntax is as follows: SetConnect = Server.Cre-ateObject ( "ADODB.Connection") 'created a link object Connect. Connect.Open ( "DSN = dsnname; UID = userID; PWD = password") 'Open link. dsnname as a data source; userID for the user name; password for the user passwords.(3) create a data object in the ADO object data is usually kept by the query results. ADO RecordSet is the most complex objects, many of the properties and methods, flexibility in the use, can achieve many good results. Its creation as follows: Set RecordSet = Connect.Execute (sqtStr) 'to create and open the object RecordSet, sqtStr is a string, on behalf of a standard SQL statement. For example: sqlStr = "SELECT * FROM b1" Set RecordSet = Connect.Execute (sqlStr) after the implementation of this statement, in the RecordSet object on the preservation of the b1 of all records.(4) Execute operation database can be used to facilitate the implementation of the data insert, modify, delete and other operations. Insert the implementation of operations such as: sqlStr = "Insert Into b1Values (1,2)" Connect.Execute (sqlStr)(5) closing data objects and links in the use of the ADO object, the object must be closed and data links. In ASP by calling the close approach to achieve closure. Close to create the data objects: <% Redata.Close () Set Redata = Nothing%>ASP is using the database to the entire process, due to application of object-oriented thinking, all operations are relatively simple, users need only pay attention to the understanding of the data structure, the current target and operated by the object's properties, and so on, as long as these are A clear understanding, coupled with the power of ASP, the use of databases on the Internet, and users and the exchange of information between thepages, it is not what a difficult task.4. Concluding remarksInto the 21st century, with the Web-use and development of Intranet-based e-commerce systems will undoubtedly have a more traditional business prospects for greater application, how to improve e-commerce in this system of data access efficiency and handling capacity still matters Is the people's concerns. This paper is only in this area conducted a preliminary study, put forward some of their own point of view, is inspired to beginners.汉语翻译ASP技术在电子商务中的运用本文通过对ASP技术在电子商务中应用的初步探讨,结合实际,给出了ASP技术在网页设计时的一些关键技术和实现方法。
关于ASP的英文文献及其翻译
ASP OverviewIIS 6.0You can use Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) to create dynamic and interactive Web pages. An ASP page is a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page that contains script commands that are processed by the Web server before being sent to the client's browser. This explains how the term "server-side script" originated.HTML Compared to ASPHTML is the simplest language for writing Web pages, but it allows you to create only static Web pages. When a Web client requests a static HTML file from a Web server, the Web server sends the HTML file directly to the client without any computation being done. The client's browser then processes the HTML code in the file and displays the content.The following illustration shows the transmission of a static file where the displayed date will never change.VBScript is the simplest language for writing ASP pages. All the code samples in the Creating ASP Pages section are written in VBScript except for samples that are duplicated in JScript for comparison. When a Web client requests an ASP file from a Web server, the Web server sends the ASP file through its ASP engine, where all the server-side script code is executed or converted into HTML code. The converted code is then sent to the Web client.The following illustration shows the transmission of dynamically generated content where the displayed date reflects the date at the time of the request.If you are an HTML author, you will find that server-side scripts written in ASP are an easy way to begin creating more complex, real-world Web applications. If you have ever wanted to store HTML form information in a database, personalize Web sites according to visitor preferences, or use different HTML features based on the browser, you will find that ASP provides a compelling solution. For example, previously, to process user input on the Web server you would have had to learn a language such as Perl or C to build a conventional Common Gateway Interface (CGI) application. With ASP, however, you can collect HTML form information and pass it to a database using simple server-side scripts embedded directly in your HTML documents. If you are already familiar with scripting languages such as VBScript or JScript (JScript is the Microsoft implementation of the ECMA 262 language specification), you will have little trouble learning ASP.ASP ProcessingAn ASP page is requested the same way that an HTML page is requested. A request can optionally contain a querystring after a question mark (?), using the following syntax:Copyhttp://Server_name/MyASPFile.asp?var1=12&var2=BrownWhen the server receives a request for an ASP file, it processes server-side script code contained in the file to build the HTML Web page that is sent to the browser. In addition to server-side script code, ASP files can contain HTML (including related client-side scripts) as well as calls to COM components that perform a variety of tasks, such as connecting to a database or processing business logic.IIS processes an ASP file in the following order when a request is received from a client:1.If an ISAPI filter is installed on the Web site, the ISAPI filters is processed first. This is truefor all applications.2.If the ASP application contains a Global.asa file in the root directory, the Global.asa isprocessed. Global.asa files specify event scripts and declare objects that have session orapplication scope. They donot display content; instead they stores event information andobjects used globally by the ASP application.3.In the requested ASP file, IIS separates the script blocks from the static HTML code blocks,reserving the static code in the response body.4.IIS processes the script blocks. The script blocks might include transaction processing,database access calls, or calls to COM components in which case COM+ handles some ofthe processing.5.After the ASP page script blocks are processed, their output is injected into the responsebody with the static HTML code.6.The response is sent to the client.Caution:ASP and COM ComponentsWith ASP, you can combine HTML pages, script commands, and COM components to create interactive Web pages or powerful Web-based applications, which are easy to develop and modify.COM components dramatically extend the power of ASP. COM components are pieces of compiled code that can be called from ASP pages. COM components are secure, compact, and reusable objects that are compiled as DLLs. They can be written in Visual C++, Visual Basic, or other languages that support COM.翻译你可以使用微软动态服务器页面(ASP)创建动态的、交互的网页。
ASP[1].net外文翻译
![ASP[1].net外文翻译](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/069195d05022aaea998f0f2b.png)
外文文献译文是什么？是一个能在规划好框架的服务器上建造强大的网络应用。
提供几个重要的优于以前的网络发展模型之处："增强的性能。
能在服务器上编译普通语言运行环境不象它的解释前人能利用早的结合、just-in-time编辑，本国的最佳化，贮藏箱的全然的服务。
Unlike its interpreted predecessors, can take advantage of early binding, just-in-time compilation, native optimization, and caching services right out of the box.这数量对戏剧性地较好的性能在你曾写一排密码之前。
"世界第一流水平的工具支持。
的骨架在在视力的电影制片厂整体的发展环境方面的个有钱的工具箱和设计者旁是与补体连结的。
所见即所得编辑、drag-and-drop服务员控制和自动的使用是刚才一特征很少这个强大的工具提供。
"力和柔性。
因为运行时间以普通的语言为基础，完全的台是对网应用启发者有用的力和柔性。
净的骨架类图书馆，通知，数据通道解法从网全部是无缝地可以接近的。
也是语言独立的，因此你能选择语言最好地适用于你的应用或横过许多语言瓜分你的应用。
更多地，普通的语言运行时间相互操作性保证你的现存的对根据COM发展的投资当到移时保存。
"简单性。
使从对使用和地点外形的简单的形式屈服于和顾客证实做普通的任务是容易的。
例如，的页骨架允许你建造使用者界面从表演密码的干净分离的应用逻辑并触摸事件在一简单的，可视化Basic如同形式处理模型。
另外，普通的语言运行时间简化发展，同管理密码服务像自动的提及计算和垃圾收集。
"可管理性。
雇用一个根据正文、hierarchical外形系统，这简化应用对你的服务员环境和网应用安置。
因为外形消息是作为清楚的正文贮藏，新的安置可能没有地方的管理工具的帮助被适用。
ASP相关外文翻译
原文：The first. Origin of ASPThe research to ASP mode and ASP enterprise's origin can proceed with two respects , one to in terms of business and technology , is it carry on research to come from ASP developing history that business commit; Another one is studies the origins of ASP enterprises and evolution course at present in terms of organization's development.Whether stand up synthetically above-mentioned developing stage, to put it briefly, present ASP history and development path of provider can simple to describe as:The first, developed from the past ISP, rounded the infrastructure and communication function, cooperate with software manufacturer, increase the business scope, develop into the present IDC (the data centre of Internet)；The second，the past ISV (independent software provider ) and V AR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulation way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now, through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP；The third ，IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large-scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet , depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacity of system integration trader.The second. The developing history and classification of ASPSeen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And untilfrom the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause people's extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet age. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present.The third. The development foundation of ASP modeASP as one brand-new concept, proposition and it takes shape to be just time for more than half a year of it, but in U.S.A. and other fast-developing countries of IT industry, ASP is becoming a kind of new developing business mode of leading e-commerce in the future, main maturity based on following IT technology of precondition that ASP produces and develops: Popularization of Internet: Internet deepens people's life progressively , a large number of solutions based on Web are emerging constantly, all these make long-range application scheme based on host computer become possible; The bandwidth is increasing and dropping with the price constantly constantly: Communication performance and bandwidth expenses reduced continuously increased, make the application program at the host computer able to visit through Internet and tight client; Whether client / server can use by sharing under the environment. The remote access in ASP concept , users have already been accustomed to under the enviroment of client / the server, this make remote access and is it is it become acceptable first business mode to use to share; The browser becomes figure interface application program accepting extensively: The wide application and development of the technology of the browser have gathered enough technology and human resources for the calculation based on the calculation of Web and thin client, and good user' s foundation; Potentiality of e-commerce solution: Advanced e-commerce solution, has shared a lot of thorny business and technological question together with concept of ASP, such as systematic security and dependability. So, the enormous motive force of e-commerce is promoting the advancing of ASP.THE forth. China ASP market's overviewIn 2000, the total sales amount of China ASP market was 33 million dollars, accounted for 0.3% of global total sales amount. IDC is expected, the annual average rate of increase of the large China district ASP market will be 64% from 2000 to 2004, by 2004, the capacity of the large China district ASP market will reach 243 million dollars. China ASP market began to sprout when the beginning of 2000, remains the market for an unripe initial stage now, it show as the market store medium and small-scale specializing in using and serving Company that comes up to a large number in, it is mainly those traditional independent software developers , system integration trader and .com Company. But company these possess heavy competitiveness too at ability and Company scale that itself provide service.Internet of our country develops after going through fanatically, begins to tend towards reason and norm this year. It is exactly while summarizing and adjusting website's industry's development path now, we need to think and know Internet's own characteristic and advantage again for this. Its characteristics, such as high-efficient, simple and direct, individualized, resource-sharing, crossing over space-time and relatively cheap cost, etc., it is the motive power that it must use high-speed development. At the present, those companies specializing in offering service of using still face the challenge. First of all, in among being IT trade, is it is it serve these kind of mode far accept by masses even to use to sell, because most traditional trades have not realized yet that ASP way can bring the interests to them; Secondly, how to sell the application program in a kind of way which is similar to the whole solution, it is all important problems that ASP manufacturers face how to make pricing system; Finally, how be through offer application program service and traditional software sell mode participate in the competition, it is a question that China ASP should be pondered deeply too. And at present, the operation principles of most websites are remote from above-mentioned advantage and characteristic in Internet, the trains of thought of operation of websites seem that still stays in management mode and management theory in old era. But at the same time, the current situation of the Chinese market is that the competition is being aggravated constantly amongenterprises, e-commerce is developed rapidly and ten millions of small and medium enterprises all generally lack the fund and well-trained job IT personnel, these reasons will promote the development in China of this kind of mode of ASP too. The scale of website of this kind of mode is like large-scale enterprises or large-scale company too, we can say although the sparrow is small, the five internal organs are available. A key job of believing that in the near future , the content will be made and the customer service will become websites. Even make the respect in the content, needn't make personnel totally regular and centralized either. The most emerging technology has already made us able to finish the organization, exchange of the webpage, format and transplanting in the twinkling of an eye on Internet directly, the huge administration in website's company and personnel management organization will have passed out of existence; With the progress of the society, human life will be closely linked with Internet , website company is it invest a large amount of manpower and huge fund is it cover the sky and the earth , promote get households of propaganda of type to go on to need; And Chinese enterprise choose factor that ASP consider especially at the manufacturer concentrate on data security guarantee , professional IT quality respect of personnel too. Meanwhile, because such new service form confidence insufficient to ASP, reliance of degree one quite general phenomenon too to ASP manufacturer prestige. Rank choice factor after the factor these include the price , implement speed and expansibility of application program ,etc. also. But we are looking forward to, ASP service business that will be developed soon, will offer sectional system integration of the module service for website's construction. It can make individual set up homepage with perfect function need to set foot in any technological development even. So website operation can get rid of huge technological development and maintain organization from then on, this is the developing direction of ASP and trend of the market in the future. If we call it as making the undertaking totally all living key of websites to the future, that will not exaggerate at all. IDC thinks that in two years in the future, ASP market of China will move to maturity progressively, certainly will eliminate a batch of commercial modes in the unclear or company that one's own ability is worse too, by 2003, China ASP market will demonstrate the trendof steady growth. And in coordination with the applied software market, vertical trade ASP market, SCM applied software market, CRM applied software market will be that China's development will be very fast in the following two years, field of having more commercial opportunities.译文：1.ASP的起源对于ASP模式和ASP企业起源的研究，我们可以从两个方面入手，第一个是从技术和业务的角度分析，主要是从ASP业务构成的发展历史来进行研究；另一个是从ASP企业起源的组织机构发展的角度分析，从而来研究目前ASP企业的由来、发展和演化的一个过程。
ASP英文文献翻译5
DESIGN AND COLD MODEL TEST OF 500 MHz DAMPED CAVITY FORASP STORAGE RING RF SYSTEMJunko Watanabe, Koichi Nakayama, Kiyokazu Sato, Hidenori Suzuki, Alan Jackson*,Gregory Scott LeBlanc*, Karl Zingre*, Norio Nakamura**, Hiroshi Sakai**, Hiroyuki Takaki**,Masaaki Izawa ***, Tadashi Koseki****TOSHIBA Corporation, Yokohama 235-8523 Japan*Australian Synchrotron Project, Melbourne Victoria 3000, Australia**ISSP, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan ***Photon Factory, KEK, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan ****Cyclotron Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan AbstractTOSHIBA is manufacturing the storage ring RF system for the Australian Synchrotron Project(ASP). Two pairs of the 500MHz Higher Order Mode(HOM) damped cavities will be applied for this system. The cavity is a modified KEK-PF type with silicon-carbide(SiC) microwave absorber and has three rod-shaped HOM couplers for damping the longitudinal HOM impedance less than 20k Ω/GHz to comply with ASP Performance Specification. The shunt impedance has been improved more than 5% in comparison with the original design by reducing the beam bore diameter without degrading HOMdamping capability. The design of the cavity and the test results of an aluminum (Al) cold model are described.INTRODUCTIONWe are designing the 500 MHz damped cavity for Australian Synchrotron Project (ASP) storage ring which is under construction in Melbourne. The ASP project aims to construct a third-generation 3.0GeV ring with a beam current of 200mA and a circumference of 216m. The KEK-PF type cavity[1] is the basis of our structural design. Main parameters of the KEK-PF and ASP cavities are listed in Table 1. The cavity has SiC beam ducts for damping the HOM's. The HOM's excited in the cavity are guided out of the cavity through the beam duct and dissipated in the SiC microwave absorber.Table 1:The parameters of the KEK-PF and ASP cavitiesKEK-PF ASPRF frequency 500.1[MHz] 499.654[MHz]Number of cavity 4 4RF voltage/cavity 0.43[MV] 0.75[MV]Coupling factor 2.3 1.7Shunt impedance 7.7[M Ω] 8.2[M Ω] (designed)Unloaded Q-value 44000 >30000 (designed)Nominal beam current 200[mA] 200[mA]REDUCED LENGTH AND BORE DIAMETER DESIGN The KEK-PF type damped cavity needs approximately 1.5m straight space. In order to fit a pair of cavities into 2m straight space, we reduced the length of the cavity set. Figure 1 shows the typical cross sectional view of the shorter design of the cavity obtained by combining two We accomplished the downsizing by eliminating tapered duct between cavities and adjusting the length ofSiC duct. In addition, we tried optimising SiC positionand beam bore diameter to slightly increase shunt impedance of accelerating mode (Rsh) for improvement of acceleration efficiency. As a result, Rsh larger than 6 % from the original KEK-PF cavity ( beam bore diameter of 140mm) will be achievable with the beam bore diameter of 125mm. At the same time, if we select the position of the SiC HOM absorber 230mm from the cavity centre, the damping of accelerating mode by the absorber will be less than 0.1%. TRAPPED HOM'S IN THE CA VITY On the other hand, since symmetry will collapse without tapered ducts between the cavities, the number of HOM increases. Furthermore, decreasing beam bore diameter causes increase of HOM's impedance to some extent and the number of trapped mode also increases. Figures 2 and 3 show the calculated longitudinal and transverse HOM impedances, which were obtained by a 2-D simulation of the cavity. The solid line indicates the critical impedances for the ASP ring. The critical impedance denotes the maximum impedance above which a coupled-bunch instability may occur at the nominalbeam current.The HOM's with frequencies higher than the cut offfrequencies of the 125mm φ beam duct (1.84GHz and 1.41GHz for the TM01 and TE11 modes, respectively) are absorbed by the SiC part. In consequence, their impedances are reduced to the value below the critical0-7803-8859-3/05/$20.00c 2005IEEE 3076impedances. However, the several HOM's with frequencies lower than cut off, are trapped in the cavity itself and can not be absorbed by the SiC part. 0.0010.010.1110100100010000100000500100015002000Frequency [MHz]I m p e d a n c e [k Ω]Figure 2: The longitudinal impedances of HOM's0.0010.010.1110100100010000100000500100015002000Frequency [MHz]I m p e d a n c e [k Ω/m]Figure 3: The transverse impedances of HOM'sThere are a few methods to avoid the instability due to these trapped HOM's. Frequency detuning of HOM's is one of proper methods. In the PF ring, this frequency-shift method is applied to the cavities and dangerous HOM's are detuned well. Another way to avoid the instability is to reduce the impedances of trapped modes without affecting the accelerating mode by HOM coupler with a rod-shaped coupling antenna. ISSP/KEK people studied the damped cavity with horizontal and vertical rod-shaped coupling antennas which we call "on-centreddampers"[2]. They reported that the HOMs except for TM110 and TM020 could be damped sufficiently when they inserted the rod antennas of dampers at 60mm.Therefore, we tried damping dangerous HOMs by HOMdampers.Figure 4: The example of the electric field pattern ofHOM (Beam bore diameter 125 mm, TM022-like mode)Figure 4 shows an example of the electric field pattern calculated for the trapped HOM. According to the electric field pattern shown in Figure 4, it is expected that thistype of HOM will be damped by the rod-shaped antenna (off-centred damper) inserted at the position indicated in Figure 4.Figure 5: Al model cavity with off-centred damperAN ALMINUM MODEL LOW POWERTEST OF THE HOM COUPLERIn order to study the effect of the off-centred damper as shown in Fig. 5, we carried out the low power test for Al low-power model cavity. This Al model cavity is composed of two beam ports, three tuner ports on the cavity centre, an input coupler port, and eight monitor ports. The taper ducts are symmetrically attached to thebeam ports. Coupling coefficient β is adjusted about 2 by rotating loop angle of the input coupler. One movabletuner is attached horizontally which is used to adjust the frequency of fundamental mode. We attached fixed-tuners with a coaxial damper to the remaining tuner ports in both horizontal and vertical directions. The rod antenna is inserted from a small opening on the fixed tuner block. The cavity has two “on-centred” and six “off-centred” monitor ports. The off-centred ports are located 40mm or 50mm from the cavity centre. The off-centred damper was attached to one of these monitor ports. The antenna is followed by a coaxial waveguide and terminated by a load of 50Ω. The length of the antenna can be adjusted byreplacing its tips . We measured HOMs through these monitor ports with a small rod or loop monitor. The tuner block and the flange of the model are made of Al, and therod-antenna and inner conductor of the waveguide aremade of copper. All data were tak en under atmospheric pressure.We measured Q value of both the fundamental and the trapped modes changing the rod-antenna lengths and the position of off-centred damper. The measurement were carried out for various lengths of rod-antennas of horizontal (Lh), vertical (Lv) and off-centred (Loff) dampers ranging from 0 mm to 50mm. The distance of the off-centred damper from the cavity centre (Poff) was set to be 40mm or 50mm. Figure 6 shows the measured Q-value of TM020 mode as a function of the antennalength of off-centred damper. The required Q-value which does not induce the coupled-bunch instabilities for the ASP ring is given as a dotted line. As discussed in Off-centered damper30770-7803-8859-3/05/$20.00c2005IEEEprevious section, TM020 mode could be damped by the off-centred damper with antenna length of longer than 40mm.Figure 6: The antenna length of off-centred damper vs. HOM Q-ValueTable 2 summarizes the measured frequencies and Q-values of fundamental and the trapped modes without dampers and with dampers for optimised lengths of rod-antennas. All HOM's except the TM110V and TM110H modes were damped below the required values when we used two centre dampers with the antenna length of 50mm and also used off-centred damper installed at a distance of 40 mm from centre with the antenna length of 40mm. On the other hand, the Q-value of the fundamental mode was not affected by the HOM dampers. For the TM110H and TM110V modes, we would apply the HOM tuner for the frequency shift method that was used for KEK-PF cavity, since the resonant frequencies of those modes strongly depend on the length of fixed tuner block [3].Table 2: Measured frequencies and Q-values ofConsequently, we confirmed that almost all of the trapped modes could be damped if we would use three rod-shaped dampers, horizontal, vertical and off-centred. The tapered duct installed actually in the ASP ring is not symmetric. In order to evaluate the asymmetric effect, we carried out 3-D calculation. The electric field pattern, frequencies, Q values and shunt impedances of HOM's up to 2GHz are calculated and compared with 2-D calculation. Figure 7 shows an example of 3-D electric field patterns. As a result, the trapped modes up to 2GHz are found to be consistent with 2-D calculation results. Combined with the cold model test results and 2-D calculation, we could conclude that our final design could comply with the specification of ASP cavity. Figure 7: The 3-D electric field pattern (TM022-lik e mode)CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, we could design the HOM damped cavity whose RF voltage was approximately 0.75 MV/m. The cavity has a SiC microwave absorber and three rod-shaped antennas for damping the longitudinal HOM impedance less than 20kΩ/GHz. According to the low-power test results using Al model, these requirements of ASP specification have been ensured to be satisfied. For this Al model test, HOM measurements were done without SiC duct. We will carry out HOM damping measurements using Cu cavity with SiC duct to optimise the antenna length of the dampers. For two transverse trapped HOMs which could not be damped by HOM dampers, they can be treated so as not to coincide the coupled-bunch mode frequencies by the frequency shift method. We will also test and adjust the HOM tuner for this method using the Cu cavity mentioned above. Up to now the experimental results obtained from Cu cavity low-power test are consistent with the Al model test.REFERENCES[1] T. Kosek i, M. Izawa, and Y. Kamiya, Rev. Sci.Instrum. 66(2), Feb. 1995, p1926.[2] Y. Kamiya, T. Kosek i, M. Izawa and T. Tak ahashi,Proc. of the 1998 EOUROPEAN PARTICLE ACCELERATOR CONFERENCE. p1776.[3] T. Kosek i, M. Izawa and Y. Kamiya, Proc. 1995Particle Accelerator Conference, Dallas, 1995, p.1794.Asymmetrical tapered duct ZYX0-7803-8859-3/05/$20.00c 2005IEEE3078。
英文翻译ASP
动态服务器页面（ASP）ASP是Active Server Page的缩写，意为“动态服务器页面”。
ASP是微软公司开发的代替CGI脚本程序的一种应用，它可以与数据库和其它程序进行交互，是一种简单、方便的编程工具。
ASP的网页文件的格式是。
asp，现在常用于各种动态网站中。
另外阿斯匹林、天门冬氨酸、阿里软件销售合作伙伴、美国武装系统暨程序公司等的缩写也都为ASP。
ASP的发展史从1996年ASP诞生到现在已经过去了15年。
在这短短的15年中，ASP发生了重大的变化，直到现在的ASP。
asp的第一版是0.9测试版，自从1996年ASP1.0诞生，它给Web开发界带来了福音。
早期的Web程序开发是十分繁琐的，以至于要制作一个简单的动态页面需要编写大量的C代码才能完成，这对于普通的程序员来说有点太难了。
而ASP却允许使用VBScript这种的简单脚本语言，编写嵌入在HTML网页中的代码。
在进行程序设计的时候可以使用它的内部组件来实现一些高级功能(例如Cookie)。
它的最大的贡献在于它的ADO(ActiveX Data Object)，这个组件使得程序对数据库的操作十分简单，所以进行动态网页设计也变成一件轻松的事情。
因此一夜之间，Web程序设计不再是想像中的艰巨任务，仿佛很多人都可以一显身手。
到了1998年，微软发布了ASP 2.0。
它是Windows NT4 Option Pack的一部分，作为IIS 4.0的外接式附件。
它与ASP 1.0的主要区别在于它的外部组件是可以初始化的，这样，在ASP程序内部的所有组件都有了独立的内存空间，并可以进行事务处理。
到了2000年，随着Windows 2000的成功发布，这个操作系统的IIS 5.0所附带的ASP 3.0也开始流行。
与ASP 2.0相比，ASP 3.0的优势在于它使用了COM+，因而其效率会比它前面的版本要好，并且更稳定。
2001年，ASP出现了。
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是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。
作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。
当您编写 应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。
您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码，这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、C#、JScript .NET 和 J#。
使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 应用程序。
包括：•页和控件框架• 编译器•安全基础结构•状态管理功能•应用程序配置•运行状况监视和性能功能•调试支持•XML Web services 框架•可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理•可扩展的设计器环境 页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现 网页。
可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 网页， 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。
通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。
但是，您可以针对诸如 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 的特定浏览器设计 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。
支持基于 Web 的设备（如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理 (PDA)）的移动控件。
网页是完全面向对象的。
在 网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。
页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。
该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。
使用 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。
控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到 网页中。
这些控件在呈现期间放入 网页中。
页和控件框架还提供各种功能，以便可以通过主题和外观来控制网站的整体外观和感觉。
可以先定义主题和外观，然后在页面级或控件级应用这些主题和外观。
除了主题外，还可以定义母版页，以使应用程序中的页具有一致的布局。
一个母版页可以定义您希望应用程序中的所有页（或一组页）所具有的布局和标准行为。
然后可以创建包含要显示的页特定内容的各个内容页。
当用户请求内容页时，这些内容页与母版页合并，产生将母版页的布局与内容页中的内容组合在一起的输出。
所有 代码都经过了编译，可提供强类型、性能优化和早期绑定以及其他优点。
代码一经编译，公共语言运行库会进一步将 编译为本机代码，从而提供增强的性能。
包括一个编译器，该编译器将包括页和控件在内的所有应用程序组件编译成一个程序集，之后 宿主环境可以使用该程序集来处理用户请求。
除了 .NET 的安全功能外， 还提供了高级的安全基础结构，以便对用户进行身份验证和授权，并执行其他与安全相关的功能。
您可以使用由 IIS 提供的 Windows 身份验证对用户进行身份验证，也可以通过您自己的用户数据库使用 Forms 身份验证和 成员资格来管理身份验证。
此外，可以使用 Windows 组或您自己的自定义角色数据库（使用 角色）来管理Web 应用程序的功能和信息方面的授权。
您可以根据应用程序的需要方便地移除、添加或替换这些方案。
始终使用特定的 Windows 标识运行，因此，您可以通过使用Windows 功能（例如 NTFS 访问控制列表 (ACL)、数据库权限等等）来保护应用程序的安全。
提供了内部状态管理功能，它使您能够存储页请求期间的信息，例如客户信息或购物车的内容。
您可以保存和管理应用程序特定、会话特定、页特定、用户特定和开发人员定义的信息。
此信息可以独立于页上的任何控件。
提供了分布式状态功能，使您能够管理一台计算机或数台计算机上同一应用程序的多个实例的状态信息。
通过 应用程序使用的配置系统，可以定义 Web 服务器、网站或单个应用程序的配置设置。
您可以在部署 应用程序时定义配置设置，并且可以随时添加或修订配置设置，且对运行的 Web 应用程序和服务器具有最小的影响。
配置设置存储在基于 XML 的文件中。
由于这些 XML 文件是ASCII 文本文件，因此对 Web 应用程序进行配置更改比较简单。
您可以扩展配置方案，使其符合自己的要求。
包括可监视 应用程序的运行状况和性能的功能。
使用 运行状况监视可以报告关键事件，这些关键事件提供有关应用程序的运行状况和错误情况的信息。
这些事件显示诊断和监视特征的组合，并在记录哪些事件以及如何记录事件等方面提供了高度的灵活性。
支持两组可供应用程序访问的性能计数器：• 系统性能计数器组• 应用程序性能计数器组 利用运行库调试基础结构来提供跨语言和跨计算机调试支持。
可以调试托管和非托管对象，以及公共语言运行库和脚本语言支持的所有语言。
此外， 页框架提供使您可以将检测消息插入 网页的跟踪模式。
支持 XML Web services。
XML Web services 是包含业务功能的组件，利用该业务功能，应用程序可以使用 HTTP 和 XML 消息等标准跨越防火墙交换信息。
XML Web services 不用依靠特定的组件技术或对象调用约定。
因此，用任何语言编写、使用任何组件模型并在任何操作系统上运行的程序，都可以访问 XML Web services。
包括一个可扩展的宿主环境，该环境控制应用程序的生命周期，即从用户首次访问此应用程序中的资源（例如页）到应用程序关闭这一期间。
虽然 依赖作为应用程序宿主的 Web 服务器 (IIS)，但 自身也提供了许多宿主功能。
通过 的基础结构，您可以响应应用程序事件并创建自定义 HTTP 处理程序和 HTTP 模块。
中提供了对创建 Web 服务器控件设计器（用于可视化设计工具，例如 Visual Studio）的增强支持。
使用设计器可以为控件生成设计时用户界面，这样开发人员可以在可视化设计工具中配置控件的属性和内容。
C# 是一种简洁、类型安全的面向对象的语言，开发人员可以使用它来构建在 .NET Framework 上运行的各种安全、可靠的应用程序。
使用 C#，您可以创建传统的 Windows 客户端应用程序、XML Web services、分布式组件、客户端 - 服务器应用程序、数据库应用程序以及很多其他类型的程序。
Microsoft Visual C# 2005 提供高级代码编辑器、方便的用户界面设计器、集成调试器和许多其他工具，以在 C# 语言版本 2.0 和 .NET Framework 的基础上加快应用程序的开发。
C# 语法表现力强，只有不到 90 个关键字，而且简单易学。
C# 的大括号语法使任何熟悉 C、C++ 或 Java 的人都可以立即上手。
了解上述任何一种语言的开发人员通常在很短的时间内就可以开始使用 C# 高效地工作。
C# 语法简化了C++ 的诸多复杂性，同时提供了很多强大的功能，例如可为空的值类型、枚举、委托、匿名方法和直接内存访问，这些都是 Java 所不具备的。
C# 还支持泛型方法和类型，从而提供了更出色的类型安全和性能。
C# 还提供了迭代器，允许集合类的实现者定义自定义的迭代行为，简化了客户端代码对它的使用。
作为一种面向对象的语言，C# 支持封装、继承和多态性概念。
所有的变量和方法，包括 Main 方法（应用程序的入口点），都封装在类定义中。
类可能直接从一个父类继承，但它可以实现任意数量的接口。
重写父类中的虚方法的各种方法要求 override 关键字作为一种避免意外重定义的方式。
在 C# 中，结构类似于一个轻量类；它是一种堆栈分配的类型，可以实现接口，但不支持继承。
除了这些基本的面向对象的原理，C# 还通过几种创新的语言结构加快了软件组件的开发，其中包括：•封装的方法签名（称为委托），它实现了类型安全的事件通知。
•属性 (Property)，充当私有成员变量的访问器。
•属性 (Attribute)，提供关于运行时类型的声明性元数据。
•内联 XML 文档注释。
在 C# 中，如果需要与其他 Windows 软件（如 COM 对象或本机 Win32 DLL）交互，可以通过一个称为“Interop”的过程来实现。
互操作使 C# 程序能够完成本机 C++ 应用程序可以完成的几乎任何任务。
在直接内存访问必不可少的情况下，C# 甚至支持指针和“不安全”代码的概念。
C# 的生成过程比 C 和 C++ 简单，比 Java 更为灵活。
没有单独的头文件，也不要求按照特定顺序声明方法和类型。
C# 源文件可以定义任意数量的类、结构、接口和事件。
C# 程序在 .NET Framework 上运行，它是 Windows 的一个必要组件，包括一个称为公共语言运行时 (CLR) 的虚拟执行系统和一组统一的类库。
CLR 是Microsoft 的公共语言基础结构 (CLI) 的一个商业实现。
CLI 是一种国际标准，是用于创建语言和库在其中无缝协同工作的执行和开发环境的基础。
用 C# 编写的源代码被编译为一种符合 CLI 规范的中间语言 (IL)。
IL 代码与资源（如位图和字符串）一起作为一种称为程序集的可执行文件存储在磁盘上，通常具有的扩展名为 .exe 或 .dll。
程序集包含清单，它提供关于程序集的类型、版本、区域性和安全要求等信息。
执行 C# 程序时，程序集将加载到 CLR 中，这可能会根据清单中的信息执行不同的操作。
然后，如果符合安全要求，CLR 执行实时 (JIT) 编译以将 IL 代码转换为本机机器指令。
CLR 还提供与自动垃圾回收、异常处理和资源管理有关的其他服务。
由 CLR 执行的代码有时称为“托管代码”，它与编译为面向特定系统的本机机器语言的“非托管代码”相对应。
下图演示了 C# 源代码文件、基类库、程序集和 CLR 的编译时与运行时的关系。
语言互操作性是 .NET Framework 的一个关键功能。
因为由 C# 编译器生成的IL 代码符合公共类型规范 (CTS)，因此从 C# 生成的 IL 代码可以与从 Visual Basic、Visual C++、Visual J# 的 .NET 版本或者其他 20 多种符合 CTS 的语言中的任何一种生成的代码进行交互。
单一程序集可能包含用不同 .NET 语言编写的多个模块，并且类型可以相互引用，就像它们是用同一种语言编写的。
除了运行时服务，.NET Framework 还包含一个由 4000 多个类组成的内容详尽的库，这些类被组织为命名空间，为从文件输入和输出到字符串操作、到 XML 分析、到 Windows 窗体控件的所有内容提供多种有用的功能。