2012年职称英语理工A新增完形填空第十四篇中英文对照
2012年职称英语理工类教材新增内容详解——完形填空篇
"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 .But most earthquakes are much 6 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Germs on banknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would notcause harm.What we call "paper" money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it.Solar Power without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an "optical 1 ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2 of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than 3 expected. 4 these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect."This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the 5 goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power 6."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a 9 that does not 10 electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said."In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. 11 in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.This new 12 could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in 13 solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells."To manufacture 14 solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for 15 . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 according to a study in Psychological Science, they're good for your heart and 2 ．The study focuses on "comfort food" and how it makes people feel．"For me 3 ,food has always played a big role in my family," says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 ,the researchers had participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn't remember it. Throughout everyone's daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15 with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 development．She warns that many of the world's fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5 their residents."Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 ．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12 ,should take measures to protect their residents."Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, " They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach." Thus, she urges them to change their 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a new study．Statins reduce the 3 of unhealthy "LDL" cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack 4 .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:"Statins don't cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It's better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we've worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it." "It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar." Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they're encouraged to take 13 that lower their risk, 1ike 14 a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5 some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．。
2012年职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容
2012年职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容2012年职称英语教材（理工类）完形填空新增内容第三篇： Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different typesof 1 ：yuan in China，pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom，dollars in the United States，Australia and New Zealand．They may use 2 currencies，but these countries，and probably all countries，still have onething in common：Germs on the banknotes．Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over 100 years．At the turn of the20th 3 ，some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could sprea disease．Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 country．In a new study，In print on fabric that is mostly 8 Different countries may use different 9 to print their money．Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 ，such as the American dollar，were made from cotton．Others were made from polymers．The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers．They included the Australian dollar，the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos．The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money—and whether or not we need to be concerned．Vriesekoop is now starting a study thatwill 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills．Whatever Vriesekoop finds，the fact remains：Paper money harbors germs．We should wash our 1 5 after touching it after all, you never know where your money’s been．Or what’s living on it．第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort FoodFights LonelinessMashed potatoes，macaroni and cheese，may be bad for your arteries． 1 according to a studyin Psychological Science，they’re good for your heart and 2 ．The study focuses on“comfort food”and how it makes people feel．“For me 3 ，food has always played a big role in my family，”says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo，and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show，building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the sameeffect 6 making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment，in order to make 7 feel lonely，the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment．Then，some people in each 8 wrote aboutthe experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． 9 ，the researchershad participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．”says Troisi．“Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those closeothers．”In 12 essays on comfort food，many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends． In another experiment， 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships，but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfortfood．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment，along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it．Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress，often associated with our 15 with others，“Troisi says．”Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．练习：1．A but B if C though D while2．A personality B movement C emotions D will 3．A privately B usefully C awfully D personally 4．A looked for B looked at C lookedafter D looked up5．A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying6．A with B on C by D at7．A professors B participants Cassistants D scientists8．A group B class C section D part9．A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally 10．A remember B explain C rewrite D complete 11．A sad B secure C shy D angry12．A your B our C his D their13．A accident B harm C experience D model 14．A eating B exchanging C buying D keepingl 5．A expressions B estimation C cooperationD connections第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks forUnprepared CitiesA new examlnation of urban policies hasbeen 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate changeand 2 development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work aso concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 ．These gasesare known to affect the atmosphere．“Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world，”says Romero Lankao．“But too few cities are developing effectivestrategies to 5 their residents."Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those mostseverely affected by future climate change．Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable，and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 ．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populatlons at greater risk for natural disasters．Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather．Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weathe can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such asdrinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especiallyvnlnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandardhousing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments， 12 ，should take measures to protect their residents.“Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningfulresponses， Romero Lankao writes．“They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs．They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. ln fact，manylocal governments are taking ahands—off approach．”Thus，she urges themto change tneir 15 policies and to take strong stepsto prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.1．A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back2．A economic B industrial C rural D urban3．A reduce B increase C study D measure4．A crops B gases C fruits D Plant55．A educate B evaluate C protect D identify6．A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major7．A uses B chances C cures D benefits8．A threats B interests C functions D differences 9．A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildlyl0．A provide B improve C lack D update11．A without B with C in D on12．A moreover B therefore C however D though13．A other than B more than C less than D rather than14．A train B automobile C bus D bike15．A idle B smart C busy D secure第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food CouldNeutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs freeof 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food，researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 ofunhealthy“LDL”cholesterol in the blood．A wealth oftrial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 ．In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake． Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study，said：“Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack，taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it．”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthvcondiments in fast food outlets as they 10 ，but statins，which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed．It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar。
2012年职称英语理工类阅读理解译文
第四部阅读理解第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Making Light of Sleep第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇 Invisibility Ring第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive *第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级第四部分阅读理解第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
2012年职称英语【理工类】阅读理解中英文背诵模板
2012年职称英语【理⼯类】阅读理解中英⽂背诵模板2012年职称英语（理⼯类）阅读理解中英⽂背诵模板 (3)第⼀篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles. 3第⼆篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 3第三篇 Citizen Scientists. 4第四篇 Motoring Technology. 4第五篇 Late-Night Drinking. 5第六篇（新增）Making Light of Sleep. 6第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones. 6第⼋篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful 7第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine. 7第⼗篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers. 8第⼗⼀篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself 8第⼗⼆篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass. 9第⼗三篇 Invisibility Ring. 9第⼗四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers. 10第⼗五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly. 11第⼗六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth. 11第⼗七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet 12第⼗⼋篇 Thirst for Oil 12第⼗九篇（新增）Graphene's Superstrength. 13第⼆⼗篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep. 13第⼆⼗⼀篇 Plant Gas. 14第⼆⼗⼆篇 Snowflakes. 14第⼆⼗三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze. 15第⼆⼗四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe. 16第⼆⼗五篇 Eat to Live. 16第⼆⼗六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently. 17第⼆⼗七篇 Driven to Distraction. 17第⼆⼗⼋篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories. 18第⼆⼗九篇 Food Fright 18第三⼗篇 Digital Realm.. 19*第三⼗⼀篇 Hurricane Katrina. 20*第三⼗⼆篇 Mind-reading Machine. 20*第三⼗三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste. 21*第三⼗四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses. 21*第三⼗五篇 Putting Plants to work. 22*第三⼗六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning. 22*第三⼗七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning. 23*第三⼗⼋篇（新增） “Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan. 24*第三⼗九篇 Clone Farm.. 24*第四⼗篇（新增）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety. 25+第四⼗⼀篇 Too Little for Global Warming. 25+第四⼗⼆篇 Renewable Energy Sources. 26+第四⼗三篇 Forecasting Methods. 26+第四⼗四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed. 27+第四⼗五篇（新增） Small But Wise. 28+第四⼗六篇（新增）Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”. 28 +第四⼗七篇 Listening to Birdsong. 29+第四⼗⼋篇 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common. 29+第四⼗九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars. 30+第五⼗篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities. 302012年职称英语（理⼯类）阅读理解中英⽂背诵模板第⼀篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles ⽂章名称问题答案Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles 1.Ford Abandons ElectricVehicles（理理C）1) What have the Ford motorcompany, General Motor’s and Hondadone concerning electric cars?2) According to Tim Holmes of FordEurope, battery-powered cars3) Which auto manufactures are stillproducing electric vehicles?4) According to the eighth paragraph,hybrid cars5) Which of the following is true aboutthe hope of car manufacturers accordingto the last paragraph?1.Ford Abandons ElectricVehicles（理理C）1) They have given upproducing electric cars.2) Will not be the maintransportation vehicles in thefuture.3) Toyota and Nissan.4) run more miles than petroldriven cars.5) The legislation will allowmore low-emission to produced.福特放弃电动汽车1.福特放弃电动汽车福特放弃电动汽车（理（理C）①针对电动汽车，通⽤汽车公司和本⽥汽车公司采取了_____________。
2012年全国职称英语15篇完形填空中文翻译
完形填空第一篇生命与鸟在近17年的时间里，大卫对抗曾担任伦敦自耕农看守，__1__众所周知的游客beefeaters 的塔之一。
大卫，64岁，住在三间卧室的平面右侧的__2__的拜沃德大厦的城楼之一。
“__3__我们的卧室，我们有伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的壮丽景致，说：”大卫。
伦敦塔是著名__4__乌鸦，大的黑色的鸟在那里住了三个多世纪。
大卫马上就被迷住鸟时，他的乌鸦主__5__后八年前他没有__6__接受它。
“鸟现在成为我的生活和我我总是__7__，我是__8__的传统。
的传说说，如果你想乌鸦离开伦敦塔，英国将下降的敌人，和它是我的工作__9__确保这不会发生这种事！“David_10_about每天四小时照顾的乌鸦。
他已经成长为爱和_11__，他住在他们旁边，是理想的。
“我可以_12__密切关注他们的时候，不只是当我的工作。
”__13__，大卫的妻子莫是不讼诉生活在塔的想法，但她也将是明年退休时，他伤心的离开了。
“当我们看的出来，我们的窗户，我们看到了历史__15__在我们身边，和我们正在并将其存储起来为我们未来的回忆。
第二篇运气不错演员安东尼奥班德拉斯是用来打破的骨头，它似乎总是发生时，他的第一运动。
在影片播放的骨他的中量级拳击手伍迪·哈里森一起。
3，制作的电影“哈里森4抱怨，争取5个非常有说服力的，所以，有一天，他建议，他和班德拉斯应该有一个真正的斗争。
西班牙演员是不是起初的想法，但他却说服他合演把他的手套，爬入拳击擂台。
然而，当他意识到如何认真对待他的8这一切，他开始后悔自己的决定打。
然后在第三轮中，哈里森打班德拉斯9硬盘的脸，他居然打破了他的鼻子。
他的妻子，女演员Melanie格里菲斯，大怒，他一直扮演“傻大男子主义的游戏”。
“她是对的，”班德拉斯承认，“我是傻瓜的风险一样，在中间的电影。
”他是11的时候，在他的家乡马拉加足球比赛中，他摔断了腿。
他总是成为一个足球明星，一个大庭广众面前表演，但医生告诉他，他演奏的天很可能超过。
2012职称英语A新增完形填空
+12 Dreams（新增）Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our senses , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken .From ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books．+14 A Health Profile （新增）A Health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health．To draw your health profile，you will need to know what diseases run in your family，what health hazards you may be exposed to at work,ow your daily diet compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage in ,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. To complete this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart，and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve as a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests．Once this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health priorities based on your particular portrait．For example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress job ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends，you should quit smoking first，followed by losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease．Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is in excellent health．a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will benefit him in the future．+15 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years （新增）A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often highly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far lessdeadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors shave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leadingto more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.。
2012年职称英语(综合类)阅读理解与完形填空(简化版)
阅读与理解第一篇 Telling Tales about People 讲述关于人们的故事One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.1. This passage is mostly about the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography.3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light.4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it.5. Diverse means varied or different _.A. able to swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders will not take an interest in it.2. American students join campus organizations mostly for gaining experience.3. Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? Passion.5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by polish.第三篇Milosevic's Death 梅洛舍维奇之死Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.1. Where did Milosevic die? In prison.2. Which of the following is NOT true of the young Milosevic?He was extremely ambitious.3. All of the following persons in one way or another changed his fate EXCEPT his parents.4. Why was Milosevic sent to Kosovo in 1989? To remove the Serbians' fears that they were discriminated against.5. What happened in 1991? Yugoslavia broke up.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween. In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.1. On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as ghosts.2.When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten？On Thanksgiving .3.Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.4.Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.5. The first pilgrims settled in America in 1620.第五篇Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing. 1.Which of the following statements about the survey is true? The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.2.According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum aims at promoting communication between the two countries.3.In the last year, 30.2% of ordinary Chinese and 43.2% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties? Trade frictions5. The survey found that an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations.第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end — with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip? Advertisements on billboards.2.What is the purpose of this passage? To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows.3.The writer of this passage would probably favor no billboards along the road.4. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because they both have a beginning , a middle , and an end, with commercials in between.5. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are exciting.第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers 现代日光浴崇拜者People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places.1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home.2. In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.3. According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others? Spain.4. The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, i.e., "or one tourist for every person living in Spain" means every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country.5. According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists' fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches? Rainy weather .第八篇 The Changing Middle Class 变化中的中产阶级The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.1. The information in this passage deals with a social and economic group.2. A common middle class value is that the family is very important.3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as prosperous and optimistic.4. The phrase “In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is a restatement of the previous idea.5. The word collectively means as a group.第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best 单亲幼儿最出色Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents - at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to……1. With which of the following statements would the author probably agree? Two-parent families produce less attractive children.2. According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring? The young males get less care.3. What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? Experiment and result.4. According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict? The offspring's body size.5. According to the passage, people believe that a female's reproductive strategy is influenced by ecological factors.第十篇 A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.1. Why has Alan written this letter? To inform other people about the builders' plans.2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion? Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3. What will cause traffic jams? A building on Parson's Place.4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money5. Which of these posters has Alan made? SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE第十一篇 The Development of Ballet 芭蕾舞的发展Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.1. This passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed2. An important influence in early ballet was Louis XIV3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4. The information in this passage is presented in chronological order5. The word pageants means elaborate shows第十二篇Smuggling 走私It is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Columbia to New York, but last December's shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New York Kennedy Airport Customs inspector's eye .1. The dog was different from others in that it had a very big abdomen.2. How many methods are used to transport drugs? As many as a smuggler can think of.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? 25,770.4. Which of the following could best replace the expression "small fry" in the third paragraph? Small smugglers.5. What is this article about? Varied drug transportation methods.第十三篇The Barbie Dolls 芭比娃娃In the mid 1940's, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames.1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler were young, they had a strong desire to be highly successful.2. Who owned MATTEL? Harold Mattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler.3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned after Build.4. Where did Ruth Handler's inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from? Lilli.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll? She does not attract young men.第十四篇Sleep 睡眠We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7—8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16—17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.1. The question raise d in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one" because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2. According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.3. According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be to employ people who will always work at night.4. In the second paragraph, "the third" means the third week.5. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means another routine.第十五篇Orbital Space Plane 轨道航天飞机While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.1. The orbital space craft has been designed for carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2. From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates NASA's determination to continue its space exploration projects.3. When did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle? Years before the explosion of Columbia.4. Besides the main missions stipulated by NASA, the orbiter would also be used asa space ambulance.5. According to the passage, the funds, if granted, would be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative.第十六篇 The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for "desert" or "steppe". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world.1. This passage is mostly about life in the Sahara.2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is less than five inches per year3. The Sahara can be described as a place of contrasts4. The phrase "an area roughly the size of the United States" gives an indication of the size of the Sahara5. In this passage caravan means group traveling together through difficult*第十九篇 The Family 家庭The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.1. Another good title for this passage would be What Makes a Family?2. A nuclear family is defined as a married couple with their minor children3. The information in this passage would most likely be found in an anthropology textbook4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through pointing out similarities5. The word mobility means readiness to move*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past 讲述可怕的过去It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously.1. This passage is mostly about two novels that deal with slavery2. Beloved is set in Ohio after the Civil War3. The writer seems to feel that the books are worthwhile but challenging4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their portrayal of violence5. The word appalling means terrible第二十一篇Spacing in Animals 动物的空间距离Flight DistanceAny observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance be fore it flees. “Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing.1. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance？Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.2. If an animal's critical distance is penetrated, it will begin to attack.3. According to the passage, social distance refers to psychological distance.4. Which of the following could best replace the word "band" in "We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group" (in Paragraph 3)? strip of land.5. The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language 我们知道的关于语言的一切事情Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.1. In the second paragraph the author thinks that any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.2. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have complicated languages.3. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Some languages are better than other languages.5. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in vocabulary第二十三篇The Only Way Is Up 只好向上Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height.1. “…these are cities concerned with the past" in the first paragraph refer to cities that want to maintain their traditional image.2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in the lack of a device to carry people upward.3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift, most people had doubt about its safety.4. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? Uninteresting.5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇Clone Farm 克隆农场Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale.1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph? Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research? The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying“Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there”，Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all thefollowing EXCEPT that farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.第二十五篇Income 收入Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production —namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid.1. This passage is mainly about the difference between national income and personal income.2. Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph? The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.3. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on corporation profits.4. According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government bonds is the money not earned but received.5. The passage implies that people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago 看许久以前的世界If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor，it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing hasa long and venerable history.1. This passage is mostly about where three early travel writers went and wrote about2. Ibn Battutah traveled throughout the Muslim word3. The books bf the three writers were popular because they told of strange and exotic locales4. The overall organization of this passage is through chronological order第二十八篇The National Park Service 国家公园的服务机构America's national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better . Hearing the names of these famous old friends—Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon—revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.1. Why are America's national parks like old friends? Because they are always out there.2. Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers? They protect the National Park System.3. The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT molding the Nation.4. What is this passage about? It is about the National Park Service.5. What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss? The work that has been done by the partners.第二十九篇Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.1.Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese? Their friends.2. Which of the following statement about a friend's influence is false according to the report? People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.3. According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence? Friends affected each others’ feelings of fatness.4. Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report? Life style.5. In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic? Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.*第三十篇“Lucky”Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead 幸运的卢肯伯爵-是死是活On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day before，his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.1. The public are still interested in the investigation because Lord Lucan has never been found2. It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan3. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by sinking his boat4. Lucan could have been killed because people thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught5. Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin was really Lord Lucan in disguise*第三十一篇Pool Watch 泳池监护Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties.1. AI means the same as artificial intelligence.2. What is required of AI software to save a life? It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.3. How does Poseidon save a life? It alerts the lifeguard.4. Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true? He runs.5. The word "considered" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by "rated".*第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation 彻罗基部落Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.1. The Cherokee Nation used to live in the southeastern part of the U.S.2. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of writing down the spoken language.3. A law was passed in 1830 to force the Cherokees to move westward.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands, all of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because they did not have enough food and clothes.*第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty 老妇人Oseola McCarty LATE ONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life.1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because she gave her life savings to help others through university2. She managed to save so much mOI1y because she had worked hard，saved hard and invested carefully3. She gave her money away because she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life4. When her generosity was made hundreds of people put money into the fund5. McCarty became famous because of her generosity完型填空第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."第二篇 A Lucky Break 幸运的骨折Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break."第三篇Global Warming 全球变暖Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise .Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists, however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇 A Success Story 一个成功的故事At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly . "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.第五篇Traffic in Our Cities 城市的交通The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.。
职称英语卫生A级 2012年新增 完形填空+3篇翻译
第十二篇梦之闲话人人都会做梦，也确实毎个人睡觉都做梦。
那些声称睡觉从来不做梦的人;其实都有做梦，而且做梦的频次与其他人一样，只是他们从来记不住己做的梦而已。
即使是那些能清楚地意到自己夜尨一夜都在做梦的人也很少能够把那些梦的细节都描述得淋漓尽致，能记住的也只是一些看起来奄无关联的印象与场景组成的一团混沌。
梦境不仅仅是视觉的，我们做梦的时候会牵动我们的各种感官，所以我们在梦里似乎能听到声音，能触摸到，还能嗅到气味，甚至尝到味道。
埃及的《梦幻书语》是目前肚界上所发现的最早的关于梦的文本记载。
这本书有大概5000年的历史，我们可以发现在那个年代，人们就已经相信梦特有的重要性。
在很多古老的文明中，人们都坚信不能惊醒睡梦中的人，因为在睡梦中，人的灵魂都会离开身体，如果被惊醒，灵魂也许就不能及时回到身体里。
从古到今，人们一直试图解析梦境以及其重要性。
目前市面上就有很多关于解梦的书，遗憾的是，对于同一个梦，有多少本书就会有多少种解释。
第十四篇健康概貌健康概貌是对所有影响健康的因索的一个概述。
要描述健康概貌，你要知进有过怎样的家庭病史，在T.作时你可能面临什么不利健康的因索，你每日的饮食和推荐的标准相比之下如何，一个星期当中冇多少时间锻炼，苻什么样的锻炼活动，你的工作和家庭环境给你造成的压力有多大, 你经常彳!Mt么样的病，有何不良嗜好。
为把这一切描述淸楚，你应该进行一次体检，以确定你的血液、心脏、肺功能是否正常。
把这个检测作为一个站点，将以后的检验结果和它做比较。
一旦有了这样一个完整的描述，你可以开始考虑根据这个健康概貌确立优先要做的事情。
比如，如果你每天喝两杯马提尼洒，T.作压力很大，过庶肥胖，每天抽一包烟，周末偶尔食用大麻, 你首先应该停止抽烟，然后减去多余的体重，减轻工作的ffi力，戒掉吸食大麻的习惯，最后如果你想首先预防癌症，其次预防心脏病的话，那么就该想想马提尼酒该不该喝。
即使对于那些从没得过病的年轻上班族来说，他们身体很好，但认攻.矜矜自己工作和家庭生活巾的全部健康习惯, 做出一些调整会使其在未来受益。
综A级新增阅读理解和完形缩减版(方便查找答案)
2012 职称英语综合类教材 A 级新增内容 阅读理解缩减版 查找答案 阅读理解缩减版—查找答案 理解缩减版+第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not 第三十四篇 1.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel? B.To have a change of scene. 2.What attracted the writer to the shop? D.The light coming from inside. 3.The writer found the stock in the front of the shop____. A.of top quality 4.What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him? C.She seemed to know him well. 5.The writer disliked the back room because____. C.he saw nothing he really liked +第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way 第三十五篇 1.Maria wanted to attend________.C.technical high school 2.In those days, most Italian girls________.C.did not go to high school 3.You can infer from this passage that________.B.only boys usually attended technical schools 4.Maria’s father probably________.B.had very traditional views about women 5.High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.D.quite strict +第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa 第三十七篇 1. This passage is about how African pop music is_______.B) more serious than most pop music 2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _______.D) both familiar and different 3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all______.A) write about serious problems 4. Eric Wainaina_______.C) studied music in Boston 5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because___. A.she was had a difficult life herself +第三十八篇 Why So Many Children? 第三十八篇 1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______. A. can be an advantage 2. When countries become industrialized, _______. B. the birth rate generally goes down 3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an ____. C. industrialized country with a low birth rate 4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that __. B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate 5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government ______. D. has tried to improve the condition of women +第四十七篇 Narrow Escape 第四十七篇 1. Why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning? C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous. 2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is____. A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you 3. What is likely to be the meaning of "Cailloux"? B) Rocks are falling. 4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? D) Being hit by a rock isn’t "pleasant" at all. 5. In what sense was Toby "safe"? A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks.完形填空 已经把所有答案填回文章空缺处+第十一篇 School Lunch 第十一篇 Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) _ properly _ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) _ provide _meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) _ choose _ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking (4) _ finding _ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) _ standards _ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) _ portion _ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) _ examined _by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) _ consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better (9) _ understanding _ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) _ increased _in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot(11) _ criticise _ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) _ nutritional _value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) _ affect _their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) _ habits _ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) _ prevent _it.+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence 第十二篇 There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ___ ever ___ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ____ curious ____ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ____ harmful ____ to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) ___ staring at _____ their computers? Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) ___ absorbed _____in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) ___ make ___ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) __ word ____ that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) ___ holding ___to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) ___ steps ___ dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) ____ negotiating __ any other soft of bargain about behaviour. Any parent who is (11) ___ seriously ___ alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12)___ discuss ___ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) __ necessarily ____ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ___ absolutely ___ crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) ___ going ___through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about! +第十三篇 The Old Gate 第十三篇 In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) _ reasons _but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) __ diseases. The Old City of London gates were all (3) _ demolished _by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) _ stroke _ of luck, it was never destroyed. This gate is, in (5) _ actual _fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) _ boundary _between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) _ storage _ because its design was (8) _ unfashionable _ it was expensive to (9) _ maintain _ and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was (10) _ set up _ in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) _ preservation _ of the nation's architectural heritage. Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) _ down _, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13)_ replaced _, though there is agood (14) _ chance _ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) _ job _ of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇 Family History 第十四篇 In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1) _ attracted _ to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to (2) _ find _ out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a (3) _ fairly _short history, like Australia and the United States. It is (4) _ one _ thing to spend some time (5) _ going _through a book on family history and to take the (6) _ decision _ to investigate your own family's past. It is (7) _ quite _ another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (8)_ cause _ yourself many problems which could have been (9) _ avoided _ with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are (10)_ connected _ with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (11) _ treat _it as an interesting possibility. A simple system (12) _ for _ collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your (13) _ way _. The most important thing, though, is to (14) _ get _started. Who knows what you (15) _ might _ find ?+第十五篇 Helen and Martin 第十五篇 With a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. (1) _ Would _her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given (2) _ up _waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually (3) _ weakened _until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. (4)_ curiosity _to see what had (5) _ become _of her brother. Almost without (6) _ warning _, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spendingthe last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't (7) _ bothered _ to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her (8) _ confidence _ in her own judgment growing. (9) _ Ignoring _the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway (l0) _ through _ her course and now, to theastonishment of the whole family, she was (11) _ gaining _a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live (12) _ drop _ from her paintings. Of course, she (13) _ took _no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't (14) _ help _ looking forward to her brother's arrival with (15)_ quiet _ satisfaction at what she had achieved.。
2012年职称英语(理工类)阅读理解中英文背诵模板
2012年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 ........................................................................................................................................................................第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles ..............................................................................................................................................................................................第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict .........................................................................................................................第三篇 Citizen Scientists .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................第四篇Motoring Technology ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................第五篇Late-Night Drinking ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................第六篇（新增）Making Light of Sleep .........................................................................................................................................................................................第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones .................................................................................................................................................................................................第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................第九篇Egypt Felled by Famine ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers .....................................................................................................................................................................第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself .....................................................................................................................................................................第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass .......................................................................................................................................................................................第十三篇Invisibility Ring .........................................................................................................................................................................................................第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers ................................................................................................................................................................第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly ......................................................................................................................................................................................第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth ........................................................................................................................................................................第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet .........................................................................................................................................................................................第十八篇Thirst for Oil .............................................................................................................................................................................................................第十九篇（新增） Graphene's Superstrength ...........................................................................................................................................................................第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep ...................................................................................................................................................................................第二十一篇Plant Gas .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十二篇Snowflakes ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze. ....................................................................................................................................................................................第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe ....................................................................................................................................................第二十五篇Eat to Live ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently ..................................................................................................................................................第二十七篇Driven to Distraction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories ...................................................................................................................................................................................第二十九篇Food Fright..................................................................................................................................................................................................................第三十篇Digital Realm ............................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina .....................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine ................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B级) ....................................................................................................*第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses ..............................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十五篇Putting Plants to work ...............................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning .....................................................................................................................................................*第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning ....................................................................................................................................................................*第三十八篇（新增） Longer Lives for Wild Elephants（理B）.....................................................................................................................................................*第三十九篇Clone Farm ................................................................................................................................................................................................................*第四十篇（新增）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety ......................................................................................................................................................................+第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming ...................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources........................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十三篇Forecasting Methods .................................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed .............................................................................................................................................+第四十五篇（新增） Small But Wise .............................................................................................................................................................................................. +第四十六篇（新增）Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" ................................................................................................................. +第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong .................................................................................................................................................................................................. +第四十八篇"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common ...................................................................................................................................................... +第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars ....................................................................................................................................................................... +第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities ..........................................................................................................................................................2012年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。
2012年职称英语综合类A新增文章翻译
2012年职称英语综合类A新增文章翻译阅读理解+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape完形填空（15篇）+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin阅读译文综合类A级第三十四篇逃亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。
巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。
因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且赢了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我赢的钱退出了游戏。
尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走。
我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。
与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。
奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。
我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。
我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。
一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。
我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。
一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。
我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。
这里还有很多的……“我可以帮助你吗?”她吓了我一跳。
我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。
她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。
很难避开那个眼神。
但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生。
除了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。
我猜不出她的年龄。
尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。
2012年职称英语理工类完形填空1-15篇含新增内容及答案
（理工类）12年完形填空1-15篇含新增内容及答案第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend 库克船长箭传说It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has finally（最终）ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。
传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。
―There is no Cook in the Australian Museum，’’museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition（展览会），―Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which(5) does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。
2012职称英语理工类阅读新增部分理解译文
Making Light of Sleep不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。
人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。
青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。
这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。
生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。
位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。
”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。
很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。
但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。
Graphene's Superstrength 石墨烯的超强力量当今重大科学技术均以“微型”来呈现，新手机和个人电脑每年都在变得更小，这就意味着电子设备要求内部零件更小，工程师们正在寻求制造这些零件的方法，他们逐渐把目光投向了石墨烯——一种由碳元素构成的超薄材料。
这种材料将改变电子设备的未来。
今年的诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给了来自英国曼切斯特大学的Andre Geim和Kostya Novoselov，以表彰他们对石墨烯的发现。
Novoselov说：“石墨烯不仅小，而且它是世界上所能找到的最薄材料。
”他把它称作“神奇材料”。
石墨烯极薄，25 000片石墨烯叠放在一起才与一张普通白纸一样厚。
_2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)
2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标8.*第十九篇：The Family家庭9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）动物的空间距离11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）我们知道的关于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）只好向上13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）克隆农场14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）收入15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）服务业的重要性17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生第一篇Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2012年职称英语理工类A级新增两篇阅读理解及完形填空
阅读理解+第四＋五篇 Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope iscalled WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE hasa powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planetsand stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,"said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in apolar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the skyevery 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISEstands for"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer."As its name suggests,the WISE camera takespictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum oflight7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digitalcamera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye,longerinfrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Noteverything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks thatfloat through space 一but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures ofhundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are"failed" stars 一which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 thesame kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink andcool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in theinfrared spectrum they glow.练习：1 .What is so special about WISE?A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?A make.B shoot.C takeD photograph.3. The camera on WISEA is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about"asteroids" according to paragraph 7?A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras,D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.答案与题解：1. C 短文的第一和第二段提供了答案。
2012职称英语新增理工A完形填空分析注释
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键The massive大规模的subduction俯冲起a significant大量的、重要的level程度使..惊奇researchers with its widespread广泛分布shows.一份分析报告表明，在日本，巨大的俯冲带地震致使土壤液化的程度之严重，范围之广令研究者们着实吃了一惊。
"We've seen看到过localized局部的examples of soil liquefaction as extreme极端的as this before, but and extent程度范围of damage破坏in Japan said Scott Ashford, a professor ofgeotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire整个into the sediments沉积物," Ashford said. "The shifts转变in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling损坏theand these communities社区need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."“我们以前也看到过这么严重的小范围的土壤液化现象，但是，日本的破坏程度范围之广是极为严重的。
所有结构都倾斜了并陷到沉淀物中，土壤中的断层摧毁了自来水管、排水和煤气管道，社区的公共和基础设施陷于瘫痪。
我们看到有些地区下陷了四英尺”。
来自俄勒冈州立大学岩土工程系的Scott Ashford说到。
2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月5日)
2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
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+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters鲨鱼有益于地球水系It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their existence .Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.要让人们相信鲨鱼不是人类的死敌不是一件很容易的事。
人们认为鲨鱼经常袭击人类。
但鲨鱼在为地球水系和人类做着有价值的贡献。
商业和捕鱼运动仍在威胁着它们的生存，有些鲨鱼面临着从地球上消失的危险。
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.温暖的气候影响着鱼类和鲨鱼的活动。
由于水温变暖，很多鱼类游到海边。
专家认为鲨鱼跟随其他鱼类，也来到人类有用的区域。
实际上鲨鱼并非故意袭击人类。
人们认为，由于鲨鱼将人错认为是海狮等海洋动物，在饥饿时才袭击人类。
日出和日落时，正是鲨鱼饥肠辘辘的时候，人们不应该出海游泳。
专家还提到鲜艳的色彩和闪光的珠宝也会诱使鲨鱼袭击。
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell， It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.鲨鱼的嗅觉特别灵敏，能嗅到海水中存在的极为微量的气味，比如血液、体液和动物散发的化学物质。
灵敏的嗅觉有助于鲨鱼找到食物。
鲨鱼以鱼、其他鲨鱼和海洋植物为生。
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.医学研究人员想要更多了解的是鲨鱼的身体抗病免疫系统。
研究人员发现鲨鱼受伤会很快恢复，他们希望通过研究鲨鱼，找到一种人类抗病的方法。
Sharks are important for the world's oceans .They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great.This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.鲨鱼有益于海洋。
它们吃受伤的和生病的鱼。
它们的捕猎活动使其他海洋鱼类的数目不会过多，这就保护了海洋中的植物和其他生灵。
词汇:purposely adv.故意地，蓄意地immune adj.免疫的charge v.（向……）冲（过去） jewelry n.珠宝seal n. 海豹注释：1．It is hard to get people tO think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy：要让人们相信鲨鱼不是(人类的)死敌不是一件容易的事。
anything but意为“决不，远非”，如：His performance in London is anything but a success．(她在伦敦的演出完全不成功。
)2．these fish：这些鱼(指鲨鱼)。
fish单复数同形，如：0ne fish，two fish，many fish(见第二段第一句)。
3．sport fishin9：捕鱼运动。
4．sense of smell：嗅觉练习:1. A attack B meet C love D visit2. A terrible B eatable C valuable D possible3. A source B existence C friends D fish4. A Space B Sky C Land D Earth5. A because B since C because of D by reason that6. A whose B which C that D where7. A to B for C like D with8. A times B places C seas D oceans9. A sciences B mathematics C chemicals D physics10. A feelings B senses C touches D tastes11. A those B these C another D other12. A systems B processes C ideas D circles13. A recover B reform C return D rely14. A rivers B oceans C forests D mountains15. A weak B little C few D great答案与题解：1．A本题应选择attack，因为第一句说到：人们认为鲨鱼是a deadly enemy，也就是说鲨鱼会对人类造成伤害。
第二句是对deadly enemy的具体说明。
其他的三个选项meet，love，visit都不合适，love与上下文意思相反，meet和visit与上下文意思不符。
2．C空格2所在的句子由but连接，所以该句子表达的意思一定与第二句相反。
第二句对鲨鱼的评价是负面的，填入空格2的词应该是正面的。
四个选项中只有valuable符合这一条件，所以是答案。
3．B第三句说到鲨鱼有益于“waters and human beings”，第五句又说到鲨鱼濒临灭绝的危险。
根据上下文的意思，threatening(威胁)到它们的应该是existence(生存)。
其他的三个选项source，friends，fish都不合适，与上下文意思没有联系。
4．D如果鲨鱼消失，从什么地方消失呢?当然从earth(地球)上消失。
从space(宇宙空间)、sky(天空)中消失，或从land(陆地)上消失，都有悖常理。
5．C四个选项的意思都是“因为“，但是从用法上分析，because、since和by reason that之后要接句子，because of之后接名词或名词短语。
their warm waters是名词短语，所以要选用because of。
6．D“…people also swim”明显是定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的名词area，所以要选关系副词where．。
7．B从上下文判断，本句的意思是：鲨鱼将人错认为是海洋动物。
而“将……错认为是”的英语表达是mistake…for，所以本题的答案是选项B。
8．A本段的意思是：鲨鱼并非故意袭击人类。
人们认为，由于鲨鱼将人错认为是海狮等海洋动物，在饥饿时才袭击人类。
日出和日落时，正是鲨鱼饥肠辘辘的时候，人们不应该出海游泳。
空格8填入的词应该与时间有关，所以times是答案，而与地点有关的选项(places seas和oceans)与上下文意思脱节。
9．C本段第一、二句是说，鲨鱼的嗅觉特别灵敏，能嗅到海水中存在的极为微量的气味。
作者举了三个物质：血、体液和化学品。
空格9要填入表示物质的名词。
四个选项中惟一表达物质的词是chemicals(化学品)。
所以chemicals是答案，而其它三个选项与学科有关，脱离了上下文的意思，不是本题的答案。
10．B在第一、二句意思的基础上，作者进一步说明，灵敏的嗅觉有助于鲨鱼找到食物。
所以本题的答案是选项B的senses，因为feelings，touches和tastes都与smells无关。
11．D 本句的中心词是复数的sharks，another所修饰的名词一般是单数，所以不会是答案。
these和those是表特指的代词，指代前面出现过的名词。
由于前面没有先行词，所以也不可能是答案。
剩下的other是答案，any other sharks的说法也合乎英语的用法。