How to Write a Summary for Narration
How to Write a Summary
Practice
of some key steps
2. Find out the topic sentence
▫ As computer games get to look more lifelike, it seems that their violence is influencing the real life. It is reported that some dozens of children have been murdered since 1997, which has been linked to and obsession (着迷) with violent video games.
7
Practice
of some key steps
3. Paraphase (rewrite in one’s own words)
using synonyms using different word forms using different sentence structure patterns
[ How to Write a Summary ]
1
What
a brief restatement of
is a Summary
?
▪ the content of a piece of writing ▪ something the reader has seen or heard
in a reader’s OWN words
11
What is a
Good
Summary
?
brief
Criteria
complete
objective
大学英语,How to Write a Summary
How to Write a Summary
• Requirements: • 1. Use third person and write in present
tense. • 2. A good summary’s length for an article
of 1000 word might be 200- 250 words. • 3. Present the author’s point of view, not
How to Write a Summary
• 5. Divide the essay or story into sections and write one-or-two-sentence summaries of each section. Eliminate specific examples, facts, illustrations and other supporting evidence.
• First and last few paragraphs. In the first few paragraphs, the author may introduce you to the subject and state the purpose of the article. In the last few paragraphs, the writer may present conclusions or a summary.
article is about. Think about the title and how it may condense the meaning of the article.
How to Write a Summary
how to write a summary(如何写概要)
Explore the Chinese writing system:
People in modern times can read the Connect the past classic works which were written by and the present Chinese in ancient times.
Third, it connects languages and art. The Chinese writing system is not only a tool but also a form of art. In other words ,it has become an important part of Chinese culture.
The Chinese characters are still an important part of Chinese culture.
The history of the Chinese writing system
At the beginning, Written Chinese was a picture-based language. By the Shang Dynasty ( around 1600-1046 BCE ), Symbols carved on longgu had become a well-developed writing system.
It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy started. Chinese writing was first done by carving symbols onto bones and shells, but as it developed into a writing system , it also developed as a form of art done with a brush.
How to write a summary
• 概括记叙文的大意时，应抓住记叙文六要 素中最重要的部分进行概括，没有必要面 面俱到，切忌描述过多的细节。在概括记 叙文时，可按下列步骤进行。
• 围绕以下几个问题找到文章要点。 (1)谁做了什么？(Who did What?) Peter found a wallet but did not keep it for himself. (2)结果怎样？(What was the result?) Peter waited for the owner to return toowner’s reward. (3)文章揭示了什么？(假如原文没有提及时， 概括时则不用考虑此问题)
• To find out the supporting sentences or supporting points. • Be energetic the whole day • … we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning … • … we can build our bodies and become much healthier. • … to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day …
• 2. 将对问题所回答的内容连接起来。 • 用适当的时态和人称连接所回答的内容， 便是“短文的概括”了。如：
• The passage tells us that Peter found a wallet but didn’t keep it for himself. Instead, he waited for the owner to return to claim it. However, he refused the owner’s reward.（31）
How to Write a Summary
to Write a Summary
?
Six-step Process
2. Reread. Label different stages of thought. Underline key ideas and terms. 3. Write one-sentence summaries of each stage of thought or, if appropriate, of each paragraph. 4. Write a topic sentence, expressing the central idea of the passage.
Use general words instead of specific words.
▫ apples, pears, bananas… fruits
Write in the third person – the passive voice.
▫ Personal pronoun: If the original uses “I” replace this with the writer’s actual surname, “the writer”, or “s/he”. If the original uses “you”, substitute “people” or “they”.
Pathos
(Values, Beliefs / Audience)
3
Preparations for writing a summary
Styles of Passage
styles functions
argumentation (议论文) show the writer's points of view
how to write a summary
To Write a SummaryAt some point in a situation, you may be asked to write a summary of a book, an article or the like. A summary is to reduce material in an original work and give a brief restatement to its main points and the key supporting details. When write a summary, you should not paraphrase, interpret or comment. What you have to do is to give the gist of the original one’s exact and essential meaning.When you write a summary, you can bring quite lot skills such as reading, analyzing and writing. For improving reading comprehension, you need to read the original to gain the essence of the meaning, which of course, is a big help to improve your reading ability. On the other, writing a summary is helpful to composition writing, for it will train you to express your thought exactly, clearly, concisely, and logically. Of course, summary writing haspractical value to you, for it can train your ability to grasp quickly and accurately what you read, even hear and watch.Then the question is How to Write a Summary?Generally speaking, to finish the writing of a summary, you may have the following three steps.Step One: Reading.To write a good summary, the first step is to thoroughly read and understand the material which you are working with.Step Two: SelectingDuring the reading, you should highlight important information and take notes, that is, write down the main points of each section, write down the key support points for the main topic, but ignore the minor details.Step Three: WritingGoing through the process of Step One and Step Two, then you can begin to do the summary writing.In writing a summary, on the one hand, you should pay attention to the following three questions:(1) What is the theme of the passage, or the book or the others?(2) What are the main ideas?(3) How are the main ideas arranged?On the other, you should obey the following four main requirements:(1) The summary should cover the original asa whole;(2) The language should be presented in a neutral fashion;(3) The summary should be a condensed version;(4) The summary should not include the writer’s own comments or evaluations.For example, please read the following essay then write a summary.There is an enemy beneath our feet—an enemy the more deadly for its complete impartiality. It recognizes no national boundaries, no political parties. Everyone in the world is threatened by it. The enemy is the earth itself. When an earthquake strikes, the world trembles. The power of a quake is greater than anything human beings themselves can produce. But today scientists are directing a great deal of their effort into finding some way of combating earthquakes, and it is possible that sometime in the near future, people will have discovered a means of protecting themselves.An earthquake strikes without warning.When it does, its power is immense. If it strikes a modern city, the damage it causes is as great as if it has struck a primitivevillage. Gas mains burst, explosions are caused and fires are started. Underground railways are wrecked. Whole building collapse, bridges fall, dams burst. Gaping crevices appear in busy streets. If the quake strikes at sea, huge tidal waves sweep inland. If it strikes in mountain regions, avalanches roar down into the valley.Consider the terrifying statistics from the past. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, was destroyed entirely and 450 people were killed in 1775. In Peru, fifty thousand people died in an earthquake in 1970. In 1968, an earthquake struck Alaska. As this is relatively unpopulated part, only a few people were killed. But it is likely that this was one of the most powerful quakes ever to have hit the world. Geologists estimate that during the tremors, the whole of the state moved over eighty feet farther west into the Pacific Ocean. Imagine the powerof something that can move an entire subcontinent! This is the problem that faces scientists. They are dealing with forces so immense that human beings can not hope to resist them. All that can be done is to try to pinpoint just where the earthquake will strike and work from here.At least some precautionary measures can then be taken to save lives and some of the property.(342 words)For writing the summary, you are to read the passage through and find its theme. Then think how the theme is developed and take notes. For example, here are the notes you may make.Title: Terror from earthquakesKey points:A. earthquake—the great enemyB. damage done by earthquake—generalC. damage done by earthquake—particular instancesD. tasks for scientistsOutline:A. earthquake—the great enemy1. strike everywhere2. very great powerB. damage done by earthquakes—general1. in a citya. gas mains burstb. explosions and firesc. underground railways wreckedd. buildings collapsee. bridges and dams fall collapsef. crevices on streets2. on the sea—huge tidal waves3. mountain regions—avalanchesC. damage done by earthquakes—particularinstances1. Lisbon—1755a. city destroyedb. 450 killed2. Peru—1970: 50,000 killed3. Alaska—1968a. only a few killedb. entire subcontinent shifted 80 feetinto oceanD. tasks for scientists: difficult to deal withirresistible forces, can only worka. to pinpoint earthquake-prone areasb. to help people take precautionary measuresBased on the notes and the outline, the first draft of the summary may be written as follows.The earth itself becomes our enemy when an earthquake strikes. Every country in the world is threatened by the tremendous fury of earthquakes. Their power exceeds all the forces released by humankind. When a city is hit, buildings fall and explosions and fires are started. Underground railways are wrecked. Gaping crevicesappear on streets. Bridges and dams fall.Huge tidal waves rise on the sea.Avalanches roar down the mountainsides.An earthquake in Lisbon in 1755 destroyed the city and killed 450 persons.In Peru, 50,000 people died in an earthquake in 1970. The subcontinent of Alaska was pushed 80 feet into the sea in 1968. Faced with such tremendous forces, which cannot be resisted, scientists can only pinpoint the earthquake areas and take suitable steps to minimize the harm.(130 words)This first draft is longer than one-third of the original. It will have to be condensed further by omitting more details and by condensing the expression. Here is a second draft.Earthquakes, whose destructive powerexceeds all the forces created byhumankind, threaten every country inthe world. When a city is hit, buildingsfall and explosions and fires are started.Underground railways are wrecked.Wide crevices appear on the street.Bridges and dams fall. Huge tidalwaves rise on the sea and avalanchesroar down the mountainsides. Anearthquake in Lisbon in 1975 destroyedthe city and killed many. In Peru, 50,000 people were killed in 1970. Thesubcontinent of Alaska was pushed 80feet into the sea in 1968. Faced withsuch irresistible forces, scientists canonly pinpoint earthquake areas andtake steps to minimize the harm.(109 words)HomeworkGood MannersManners are important to happy relations among people. Everyone likes aperson with good manners. No one likes a person with bad manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what to do and what not to do?Well, here are some examples.A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he tries to help them. He is always kind to others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says “Excuse me” or “I’m sorry”.He says “Please”when he asks for something and “Thank you”when he receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his seat. He does not interrupt otherpeople when they are talking. He does not talk too much. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When he is eating he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spit in public.As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class. If you are late you should make an apology to the teacher either at the time or after class. It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the teacher. Sometimes students can help their teachers to clean the blackboard, to close or open the doors or windows. Sometimes there are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always appreciated.Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different countries. But in all countries it is important to be kind and helpful.(366 words)。
How to Write A Summary
2. Analyse the text's structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly in your own words. That is rereading.
3. In your own words, write down the main points of each section.. —You should now have a firm grasp on the text you will be summarizing, and located the author’s main ideas. Now write down the main idea of each section in one well-developed sentence.
3) General words replacing specific words —She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.
2. Read the text, highlighting important information and taking notes.
A. It should be active reading. —Underline topic sentences if any and key facts. — Label areas that you want to refer to as you write your summary. —Also label areas that should be avoided because the details—though they may be interesting—are too specific. —Identify areas that you do not understand and try to clarify those points.
概要写作 2017.11 maggie
Event in general 你有经常戴耳机听歌的习惯吗？19岁女孩Gabrielle Samuels 与男友通完电话 Event in ______
Reason ______ of 女孩的死让家人很伤心，这本来是可以避免的悲剧。很多人喜欢在电子产品充电 时仍继续使用，这样直接就把你手中的电子产品变成有致命威胁的危险品。 the event
Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served ,Huso, was not the real wild species , but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price . Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers , the restaurant got its due punishment . Meanwhile , relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished . Similar cases of fraudulent (欺骗) pricing at scenic spots have also reported elsewhere in China . In October 2015, for instance , a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp(虾) In the coastal city of Qingdao, east China‘ Shandong Province , when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 Yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp！Authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished.
How to write a summary (中学英语写作精品课件)
--- Comments --- anonymous (匿名的)
What is a correct summary?
Mainly use the words
and phrases
in the original
VS
(原始的；最初的)
passage.
Mainly use your own words.
Samples
• My foot was hurt and I haven’t accept others help until it became worse. Finally, I know we can get along with each other go through help others in return. (30 words)
3. a simple report back what the writer has
said, no comments needed.
Note: count the words！(about 30+5)
Practise: Task one:
Read passage A and choose the best summary; Tell why the rest are rejected.
how to write a summary
正话反说
You will fail. not succeed You will ____________.
词性转换
Patience is very important. Patience is of great importance _____________________.
• 5. 削“枝”去“叶”，实行精“兵”裁“员”。
•2.分析文章结构，确定文体。 体裁 记叙文 关键句 抓住who, what happened, 及the writer’s purpose
议论文
说明文
通常抓住首段和尾段 抓住首段或各段首句
记叙文
记叙文的文体特点
记叙文就是记载、叙述我们在生活中看 到、听到、经历过、接触过的一些人物和事 件的文章。记叙人物和事件，必须掌握四个 要素，即时间、地点、人物，事件（起因、 发展、结果）。
议论文的文体特点 当我们了解生活中的某件事情、某个现象或某 些问题时，总会形成自己的看法、主张和观点， 把这些看法、主张和观点表达出来，并加以阐释、 说明，就是议论；写成文章，就是议论文。常见 的议论文有：读后感、随笔、演说、序言、书评 等。 写议论文、阅读议论文，应该注意议论文的要 素，即：论点、论据、论证。论点就是我们的看 法和主张。一篇议论文，只有一个主要的看法和 主张，这是文章的中心论点。有的议论文还有分 论点。分论点是从中心论点分离出来的，从属于 中心论点，几个分论点构成中心论点。
• 3.划出关键词和句子。 注意首段和尾句 • 4.灵活变化表达，适度进行改写。 (1)同义替换。即用同义或近义的词或 句型改写。 (2)语态互换。即主语语态与被动语态 的转换。 (3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。 (4)合并句子。就是将几个意义联系紧 密的句子合并为一句话。
how to write a summary
第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。
原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。
如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He w as hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
高二英语任务型写作指导 ---- How to Write a Summary
高二英语任务型写作指导---- How to Write a Summary （1）命题：谢荣婵Tips for writing a summary1. Read the passage for overall content and underline the key words.2. Group the reading into sections according to the au thor’s topic divisions.3. Write a one-sentence summary of each section, focusing on the main point. Do not include examples and minor details.4. Do not use your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words. Write it in the third person(第三人称).5. In your final draft, insert transitional words and phrases where necessary, combine sentences for a smooth, logical flow of ideas.各种文体分析记叙文：who，what，result(结果)，why(条件或原因)，meaning(不一定要有，视文章内容而定)说明文：phenomenon/problem，feature(特点)，process(过程)，function(功能)，tendency(发展趋势)议论文：theme(论题)，opinion(作者的观点)，supporting sentences（论据），conclusion（结论）新闻报道: the first sentence / paragraph; contents (examples or figures); conclusion / prediction (the last sentence)书信类：可参照记叙文的做法(特别注意题目要求的写作格式)常用模版According to the passage, we know…This passage tells us about + 宾语/宾语从句, + 定语从句This passage tells us + 从句This article is mainly about + 宾语/宾语从句The writer argues … by presenting the example of…It can be easily concluded from the passage that…The author states/narrates/explains/illustrates/describes/discusses/compares + 宾语/宾语从句参考范例记叙文On arriving home early in the morning, the writer failed to wake up his wife by ringing the door bell. He tried to climb towards the bedroom windows with a ladder, but was found / spotted by a policeman. Fortunately his shouting woke up his wife.议论文Some people think / consider the spirit of Lei Feng no longer suitable in our commodity society. However, others value the importance of the spirit, which has influenced many people on their sense of value and way of life.说明文The passage illustrates the reason for water pollution and its effect on wildlife. People pollute water on the earth for better life. Consequently, this is very bad for wildlife and many of them die from dirty water.概括部分评分标准满分5分1. 完全不理解，照抄原文（0分）2. 死板机械地抄，不改变原文顺序（1分）3. 改变主语或宾语的抄为主（2分）（灵活地抄）4. 稍作改动总体的抄（3分）5. 改变句子、用词，重新排列组织（4—5分）Example阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY OF NARRATION
期末复习公开课嵇志锋HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY OF NARRATIONStep 1: introduce the teaching aims.How to write a summary of Narration（记叙文）How to avoid copying from the original passage.Step 2: ask what are he six elements of a narration?When; where; who; what; why; how;Step 3: How to find the key sentences or key words of a narration?1)who，2)what，3)result (结果)，4)inner meaning or the writer’s purpose (不一定要有，视文章内容而定)Step 4 Read the story and write a summaryLong long ago, in ancient China, there lived a farmer .He was worried about his seeding growing too slowly .One day ,he went to the farmland and pulled up the seeding one by one .When he returned home ,he was very exhausted." I am tired out today，”he said to his family ,"I helped the seeding to grow."His son was surprised . He hurried to the fields to see what had happened .It turned out that all the seeding had shriveled up.Step 4: how to avoid copying from the original passage.Introduce the rules of summing up1. 完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。
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How to Write a Summary for Narration--读写任务之记叙文的概括真题重现（2013十校联考）Augest6,2012 Sunny Half of my summer vocation has passed. It’s supposed to be the time for me , a senior-one student, to relax, read novels, chat with friends and, anyway, not to worry about getting up at 7a.m. for class.Even before the vocation, I had been arranged to attend different “enrichment”classes to improve my main subject. My mum did ask for my opinion whether I would like to go to such classed. But could I refuse? My negative reply would cause a long persuasion, which I would not face.Besides, the teachers made summer homework lists as we were sent off for vocation. The reason sounds persuasive--- to keep us studying during the long break so we wouldn’t forget our lessons.I found that the joy of my summer vocation had been stolen. But do Iblame my mum or my teachers? Of course not. Though I don’t like listening to my mum’s lessons about society competition, I still understand that I should do well in study. What bothers me is that I don’t feel like sitting in the classroom focusing my mind on the teachers’lectures. My mind is staying outdoors, tasting the freedom of the blue sky, the power of sunshine and the comfort of gentle wind…not only scores or certificates.a senior-one student, to relax, read novels, chat with friends and, anyway, not to worry about getting up at 7a.m. for class.Summary:Skills:Para2: Even before the vocation, I had been arranged to attend different “enrichment”classes to improve my main subject. My mum did ask for my opinion whether I would like to go to such classes. But could I refuse? My negative reply would cause a long persuasion, which I would not face.Summary:Para3: Besides, the teachers made summer homework lists as we were sent off for vocation. The reason sounds persuasive--- to keep us studying during the long break so we wouldn’t forget our lessons.Summary:Skills:Para4: I found that the joy of my summer vocation had been stolen. But do I blame my mum or my teachers? Of course not. Though I don’t like listening to my mum’s lessons about society competition, I still understand that I should do well in study. What bothers me is that I don’t feel like sitting in the classroom focusing my mind on the teachers’lectures. My mind is staying outdoors, tasting the freedom of the blue sky, the power of sunshine and the comfort of gentle wind…not only scores or certificates.Summary:Skills:Passage 1（2010茂名一模）A little boy is telling his Grandma how "everything" is going wrong. School, family problems, severe health problems, etc.Meanwhile, Grandma is baking a cake. She asks her grandson if he would like a cake, which, of course, he does."Here, have some cooking oil.""Terrible!" says the boy."How about a couple raw eggs?"" Terrible! Grandma!""Would you like some flour then? Or maybe baking soda?""Grandma, those are all awful!"To which Grandma replies: “Yes, all those things seem bad by themselves, but when they are put together in the right way, they make a wonderfully delicious cake! Life works the same way. The trials（考验）of life serve a meaningful purpose in making us stronger.” Do not lose heart if life is not easy for you right now, butencourage yourself and know you will be much stronger mentally and physically because of the trials of life. ”Find out the main factors.Who :What happened?The result:What can you learn from the story?Paraphrase the main factorsA little boy is telling his Grandma how "everything" is going wrong.The trials（考验）of life serve a meaningful purpose in making us stronger.Join the main factors togetherA boy _________ about difficulties in life. His grandmother, who _______ that a cake tasted delicious but its ____________tasted awful,________ him that the________ of life make people_________.Tips:1.focus: Who + what + the lesson （at the end）e general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words )3. add some conjunctions to make it coherent.Can you score the summaries?1. I felt upset because I had been arranged to attend different “enrichment”classes and the teachers made summer homework lists. My mind is staying outdoors.Problems :2. As the summer vocation came, the student had to take part in enrichment classes and finish lots of homework, so he had no time to relax himself, read novels or chat with friends.Problems :Group work: evaluationWork in groups of sixWrite down a summary for Passage 2 and judge the summaries in your group. Choose the best one and give your reason.Conclusion :Learning tips for writing a summaryDos:1. Find out the topic sentence.2. Paraphrase the topic sentence.3. Draw the main idea yourself if there is no topic sentence.4. Omit the details (examples, repetitions & specific words)5. Write it in about 30 words6. Write it in the third person and proper tense.7. Remember to add some conjunctions to make it coherent(连贯的）.8. Use general words instead of specific words.Don’ts:1. Don’t include your own opinion.2. Don’t copy the original sentences.实践练习Text 1One morning, Mr Hare was running on the road. Suddenly he saw Mr Tortoise, who was also running on the road towards him. Mr Hare ran up to Mr Tortoise and laughed at him. Mr Tortoise got angry and wouldn't take failure lying down, so he suggested having a race to see who could first get to the big tall tree by the roadsides. Mr Hare agreed with him without hesitation. The race began. Mr Hare and Mr tortoise started from the same line at the same time. When Mr Hare was far ahead of Mr Tortoise and even couldn't see Mr Tortoise, he thought that Mr Tortoise fell behind and couldn't catch up with him. So he stopped and lay down to have a nap. But soon he fell asleep. At the same time, Mr Tortoise kept on running and running. When Mr Hare woke up, he found Mr Tortoise had already sat under the tree and was smiling at him![写作内容]1)以大约30个词概括短文的要点；2)以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次经历，并包含以下内容：a)谈谈这则故事给人们的启示；b)叙述你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次真实或虚构的经历；c)谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友思想态度的影响。