小马TPO听力文章话题分类表
TPO听力话题分类
TPO听力1-33话题分类绝大部分的托福听力段子都是依托场景而存在的，比如说校园、图书馆、书店、报刊亭、电影院、剧院等。
一些关于杂志的听力段子也重复出现。
如果考生能够提前分门别类的练习在不同场景、不同学科领域的段子，反复去听去熟悉，对付这类题型相对就容易很多。
听力练习过程中需要对各个学科话题熟悉，于是有必要进行“横听”，即把相似话题的材料一起听。
以下是我总结的一份TPO 1-31的听力学科表便于国际部的同学们进行归纳性学习。
Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4TPO 1 Contemporary Art Geology Archeology BiologyTPO 2 Philosophy Psychology Astronomy BotanyTPO 3 Environmental Science Film History Art History AstronomyTPO 4 Biology Literature Geology United States governmentTPO 5 Sociology Astronomy Chemistry LiteratureTPO 6 Economics Biology Creative Writing Earth ScienceTPO 7 Theater History Biology Anthropology GeologyTPO 8 Animal Behavior Art History History ChemistryTPO 9 Theater Environmental Science Geology LinguisticTPO 10 Marine Biology European History Ecology PsychologyTPO 11 Biology Architecture Environmental Science BusinessTPO 12 Biology Business Music History Environmental Science TPO 13 City Planning Ecology Poetry AstronomyTPO 14 Psychology Biology Astronomy ArcheologyTPO 15 Psychology Geology Art History BiologyTPO 16 Geology Music History Biology Art HistoryTPO 17 Art History Environmental Science History BiologyTPO 18 Astronomy Art History European History BiologyTPO 19 Linguistic Astronomy Marine Biology Art HistoryTPO 21 Astronomy Computer Science Biology Art History以下是TPO听力部分每篇lecture的学科分类表，更加直观一点。
小马托福TPO5听力笔记
Conversation1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a counselor at the UniversityCounseling(顾问服务)Center.StudentHi,thanks for seeing me in such short notice.CounselorNo problem.How can I help?StudentWell,I think I might have made a mistake coming to the school.CounselorWhat makes you say that?Student（2）I’m a little overwhelmed by the size of this place.I come from a small town.There were only75of us in my high school graduating class.Everyone kneweveryone.We all grew up together.CounselorSo it’s a bit of a culture shock for you?Being one of15,000students on a bigcampus in an unfamiliar city?StudentThat’s an understatement(轻描淡写).（1）I just can’t get comfortable in class or in the dorms. You know,socially.CounselorUm…well,let’s start with the academics.Tell me about you classes.StudentI’m taking mostly introductory(引导的)courses and some are taught in these hugelecture halls.CounselorAnd you are having trouble in keeping pace with the material?StudentNo,in fact I got an A on my first economics paper.It’s just that,it’s so impersonal(不受个人感情影响),I’m not used to it.CounselorAre your classes impersonal?StudentNo,it’s just that…for example,in sociology yesterday,the professor asked aquestion,so I raised my hand,several of us raised our hands.And I kept myhand up because I did the reading and knew the answer.But the professor justanswered his own question and continued with the lecture.Counselor（3）Well,in a big room it’s possible he didn’t notice you.Maybe he was starting tosave time.In either case I wouldn’t take it personally.StudentI suppose.But I just don’t know how to,you know,distinguish myself.CounselorWhy not stop by his office during office hours?StudentThat wouldn’t seem right.You know,taking time from other students who needhelp?CounselorDon’t say that.That’s what office hours are for.（4）There is no reason you couldn’tpop(突然出现)in to say hi and to make yourself known.If you are learning a lot in class,let the professor know.Wouldn’t youappreciate positive feedback if you werea professor?StudentYou are right.That’s a good idea.CounselorOK,er…let’s turn to your social life.How’s it going in the dorms?StudentI don’t have much in common with my roommate or anyone else I’ve met so far. Everyone’s into sports and I’m more artsy,you know,into music.I play the cello.CounselorHah,have you been playing long?StudentSince age ten.It’s a big part of my life.At home I was the youngest member ofour community orchestra.CounselorYou are not going to believe this.There is a string quartet(四重奏)on campus,allstudents.And it so happened that the cellist graduated last year.They’ve beensearching high and low for a replacement,someone with experience.Wouldyou be interested in auditioning?StudentAbsolutely.I wanted to get my academic work settled before pursuing mymusic here.But I think this would be a good thing for me.（5）I guess if I really wantto fit in here I should find people who love music as much as I do.Thank you.CounselorMy pleasure.Q1:What do the speakers mainly discuss?A.Why the woman has little in common with herroommatesB.How the woman can keep up in her academic studiesC.The woman’s adjustment to life at the universityD.The woman’s decision to transfer to another universityQ2:Why does the woman mention her hometown?A.To draw a contrast to her current situationB.To acknowledge that she is accustomed to living in big citiesC.To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long timeD.To emphasize her previous success in academic studiesQ3:What does the woman imply about incident that occurred in her sociology class?A.She was embarrassed because she gave an incorrect answerB.She was upset because the professor seemed to ignoreherC.She was confused by the organization of the professor’s lectureD.She was surprised by the comments of the other studentsQ4:According to the counselor,why should the woman visit her professor’s office?Click on2answers.A.To offer a compliment（赞美）B.To offer to help other studentsC.To introduce herselfD.To suggest ways of making the class more personalQ5:What does the woman imply about joining the string quartet?A.It would enable her to continue a hobby she gave up when she was tenB.It would allow her to spend more time in her major areaof studyC.It would help her stop worrying about her academic studiesD.It would be a way to meet students with similar interests.。
小马过河托福听力场景分类(上)文本
McKie• • 2010 8 5VESTIBULUM LORMEW: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren’t much different than the old dorms, just some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street’s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot of noise that the single pane wouldn’t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor’s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I’m better off than the people who’ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven’t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wall you’ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn’t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That’s right.M: Well, I’m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn’t help. You should hang something up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I’d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.1 2 3W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa’s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It’s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can’t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I’m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I’ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it’s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don’t you follow me? It’s easier just to show you.1 2 3M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I’ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that’s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let’s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That’ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus is really tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That’s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn’t affect my grade point average!1 2 3W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that’s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I’ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What’s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it’s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert’s okay?M: Yeah, that’s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it’s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.1 2 34 5W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim’s Brief History of Time. And I don’t know where to look for it?M: Did you check the status on the library’s computer?W: I tried but I couldn’t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim’s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That’s a really help!**********************************************************M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it’s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I’m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn’t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor’s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I’ll be able to find them.**********************************************************M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I’ll try to catch her then.M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I’m excited about it. I’m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I’ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students’ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That’s what I wrote about --people’s reaction to it. It’s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they’re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You’re kidding! May be I’ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I’ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I’ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I’ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.1 23 4 5W: Hey, Kevin, I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going? M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It’s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses are interesting enough, but… W: What’s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it’s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know you mean. I’ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It’s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It’s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It’s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn’t it take up a lot of studying timeW: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that’s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn’t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don’t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean’s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.1 2 3 xx4W: Here we are at registration again; I can’t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It’s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can’t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It’s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That’s why the college doesn’t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What’s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.1 2 xx3W: What’s the matter? I’ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That’s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that’s not the problem…it’s just the…well, it’s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don’t care for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, which isn’t my best subject. I really don’t see why we even have to take science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that’s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don’t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don’t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!1 2 3 xx 4 5W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I’ve got a big problem with the poetry course that’s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I’ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college? They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.1 2 3 45M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we’re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room? W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality,but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who’s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.M: I’ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W:O h!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I’m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact, some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let’s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I’ll see you then.M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I’ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains’ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how the brain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.VESTIBULUM LORMEThe origin of farming of prehistoric timesW: I read the prehistoric people had settled in villages in start farming when they could no longer survive just by hunting and gathering. The idea was that they pushed out of the best land as the population grew, most likely they had noticed that some seeds sprout when they drop them, so when the people had to move to less productive area, they settled in permanent villages there and started planting seeds to keep from starving.M: That was the thinking until two years ago when archaeologists found evidence that goes against that theory. The new idea is that farming developed in the richest land areas and the people who started it weren’t been threaten by starvation. Apparently successful hunters and gatherers are living in villages long before they started cultivating crops, this villages just wanted to have more stable foods supply.W: What? You mean that people settled in the villages where they were still hunting and gathering wild food to eat? How did the archaeologists come to that conclusion?M: Well, one way was a new more accurate method that dating a small piece or something like grain of corn or wheat, you know earlier archeologists couldn’t date something that small so they have to date say the charcoal around it to get the estimated age.W: So with the new technique to determine the age of the tiny sample, they found out the grain was older than they had thought?M: No, just the opposite. They found out it was much younger, so that meant the mastication of grain probably occurred long after people had begun to live in the villages.1 2 3 45how to determine the date of settlementNow let we discuss the proper way to dig for the assign in an archaeological site, let's turn on our attention to the kinds of objects we might excavate there and what they could tell us about colonial life here on the east coast of North America. One thing we hope to learn when we study the buttons or the broken dishes or other artifacts that got from the site is just how long ago people were living there. So one of the most useful finds obviously would be a coin. But even a object doesn't have a year stamp right on it can still have the archaeologists to determine just when the site was being used. For instance one object from 1600 and 1700 you likely find is the clay pipe. Smoking was common then but not cigarettes. Tobacco was generally smoked in long thin pipes---clay pipes manufactured in England. These imported clay pipes were so cheap that even the poor could afford to use them and then just threw them away. That's why they were so common throughout the colonies and why we find so many broken and discard pipes in archaeological digs. But the style of the clay pipe, the shape of the bowl, the link of skin, the diameter of the hole all involved over the years. So we can assign seriously precise date to a pipe just by looking at it and comparing it to the similar pipe we already know the age of. And that information will tell us how long ago settlers were living in that site and can help us date the other artifacts found there. Let me pause here and ask you now what you think some of the other common objects might be and what we might be able to learn from them.1 2 coin 3 4 5native peopleBefore we continue you should understand an important concept. That is the notion of a culture area. A culture area is not a colony of artist but the geographic area inhabited by different people with similar cultures. A culture area is relatively consistent in term of land features. For instance, the land is completely mountains or flats and the climate. There are similarities in the kind of plants and animals and settlers. I take what I call a bottom-up approach to study of the culture. That does not mean that I go to those sites or people are digging for artifact but rather it means that I think of culture as something it grows out of the daily needs of people’s life, like finding food or protecting themselves against weather. The routines and social order the people create in order to deal with these things form the culture. So Inuit peoples lived in what’s now Alaska, people whose surrounding are cold and not fit for agriculture and who depend on fishing. You can image how their routines differ from Anasazi people who lived in warm desert region. So if that’s clear to everyone, we can continue. So moving on. Anthropologists feel that in what is now United States and Canada there are 9 culture areas. We will examine all of them in the next few weeks but for now let’s start with our own area.1 talk23 4W: Can you give me an idea about what I missed in sociology class on Tuesday?M: Oh, it was really interesting. First you under over material on how infants normally shift to become more interested in people than objects, you know, at first babies just like to look at things, only later do they start to interact with people, and then we talked about play as part as socialization of children.W: Play? You mean like games or make believe?M: Yeah. All different kinds of play, apparently it is important for children to experiment the different roles like pretending their parent instead of a child, also through the play they learned to adapt to the norms as the rules of their social groups.W: Which of the readings did the professor refer to?M: A lot of them come from Erik Eriksson’s work on psychological development, he said that for children, play isn’t just important replication the way as adults, when children play, they can deal with problems and they can learn then they can even like fear and frustration, if children aren’t successful in play, they may even have the emotional problems later in life. W: Is the class talking about any other research?M: Yeah, we talked about research on animals behavior and how young animals play, too. The professor said there is evident that play is biologically base, this means that animal actually had instincts that lead them to play to explore and learn about the environment.W: So it’s play that let animals and human get exposed to different experiences.M: Exactly. And it actually shot them all kinds of skills, thinking skills, as well as physical skills that they need to survive.W: I have to go now, but let’s talk about this more before the next class.1 how234 why5sociology courseM: I really like my sociology class. It’s a seminar on methods in sociology.W: That doesn’t sound terribly exciting.M: I thought so too at first. But we being reading different research studies we find outabout the conclusions, their finding and we also discuss the details of that how they do the study. Some of the reading has been fascinating.W: For an example?M: Well, we just read the study that was done in an elementary school. A school where a lot of students were failing. When the researchers went into the school, they thought they would find out how teachers low expectations contributed to students doing so poor in school.W: I think I’ve heard of that. Then when students don’t perform well in school it’s calledself-fulfilling something.M: Right self-fulfilling prophecy. But in this school, there was one first grade teacher they call her Ms. A who had very positive affect on student. The researchers talk to the students after they become adults and examine the students’ school records. Students who had been in Ms. A‘s class were much more like to do well in the school and they were more likely to be successful as adults than students who had been in the other first grade classes in that school. W: What was the teacher’s secret? Did the researchers ever find out?M: She just didn’t give up on anyone no matter how long it took to reach him. She also communicated to the students how important education is. The adults in the study all mention this when they were interviewed some 20 years later。
tpo 听力 学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)
Conversation课程学业：1.课程与作业：1-2，5-2，6-2，8-2，9-1，10-1，12-1，15-2，16-2，17-1，19-1，22-2，25-1，26-1，27-1，27-2，28-1，29-1，30-1，30-2，32-1，33-1，33-2，34-22.选课与换课：14-2，21-2，23-2，24-2，28-23.研究项目：2-1，4-2，13-1，20-2校园生活：1.图书馆与书店：1-1，4-1，7-2，9-2，10-2，13-2，14-1，20-1，24-1，26-2，31-2，34-12.校内工作：3-2，7-1，11-2，12-2，15-1，17-2，18-1，18-2，25-23.住宿与餐饮：19-2，32-24.问询：3-1，5-1，8-1，21-1，31-15.社团与活动：2-2，6-1，11-1，16-1，22-1，23-1，29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类（1-34）1.Physical Science（38）Astronomy2-4（Bode’s Law）3-4（Spectroscopy）5-2（Moon Landing）13-4（Meteorites）14-3（Seafarers and Stars）18-1（Sunspots）21-1（Geocentric Theory）22-2（Faint Young Sun Paradox）24-4（Shield V olcano on Venus）26-3（Comets）29-4（Carbon Nanotubes）30-3（Jarosite）Ecology & Environmental Science 9-2（Shrubs in Tundra）10-3（Phosphorus Cycle）11-3（Landscape & Climate）12-4（Solar Energy）13-2（Interrelationships）17-2（Milankovitsh Hypothesis）20-2（Interglacial Periods）23-2（Earth Radiation Budgets）29-1（Pedodiversity Plant）32-2（Relationships among Species）33-2（Colorado’s Water）34-2（ASP Digestion）Geology1-2（Uranium-Lead Dating）4-2（Moving Rocks）7-4（Glacial Movement）9-3（Desert Lakes）15-2（Geologic Time Periods）16-1（Lechuguilla Cave）30-2（Oviraptor）31-2（Plate Drift）32-3（The Copper Basin）Chemistry5-3（Spectroscopy）8-4（The Periodic Table of Elements）Computer Science21-2（Software Development）2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3（Catalhoyuk）14-4（Passage Graves）23-1（Antikythera Mechanism）24-3（Megafauna）28-4（Gonur-depe）29-3（Clovis People & Caches）32-1（Ancient Bananas）33-1（The Great Pyramid）History8-3（Vision Correction）10-2（American Food Crops）17-3（Ancient Egyptian Calendar）18-3（Spices）25-3（Egyptian Hieroglyphs）Economics & Business6-1（Boom and Bust）11-4（Advertising）12-2（Managing by Wandering Around）26-1（Green Marketing）34-4（The Life of Innovation）Psychology2-1（Behaviorism）10-4（Childhood Amnesia）14-1（Cognition）15-1（Distraction）30-1（Metacognition）Anthropology7-3（Iroquois People & Birch Tree）22-1（State Formation）31-4（The Botai Culture）Linguistics19-1（Family Tree Model）20-1（Gricean Maxims）Philosophy2-3（Aristotle）28-1（Foundationalism）Sociology5-1（Meme）3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2（Bat’s Use of Ultrasound）10-1（Whales）14-2（Microclimate）17-4（Octopus）18-4（North American Wood Frog）20-4（Snowshoe Hare）21-3（Evolution Theory）22-3（Pleistocene Rewilding）23-3（Dolphin’s Navigation）24-1（Crocodile V ocalization）27-1（Coral Reefs Marine）27-3（Sauropod）31-3（Decline of Coral Reefs）33-3（Notothenioids）12-1（Cell Division）15-4（Biology Community）26-2（Carbon Cycling）Animal Behavior1-4（Marmots）3-1（Humming Birds）4-1（Displacement Activity）8-1（Active Habitat Selection）11-1（Distraction Display）16-3（Foraging Behavior Among Beavers）25-1（Assisted Migration Conservation）25-4（Play）28-2（Mirror Self-Recognition）Botany2-2（Manila Hemp）6-2（Nightcap Oak）19-3（Plants in Salt Mashes）28-3（Plant s’ Photoreceptor）34-3（Plants and Pollinators）4.ArtArt History3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）Music12-3（Opera）16-2（Piano）22-4（Musicians & Film Industry）25-2（Bela Bartok）27-2（Cremonese Violin）30-4（Electric Guitar）31-1（Music in Ancient Greece）Literature4-2（Emerson’s Self－reliance）5-4（Folk Tales and Fairy Tales）6-3（Character Sketch）13-3（Medieval Poetry）Architecture11-2（Cape Cod House）13-1（Pedestrian Malls）29-2（Reverberation）32-4（Harriet Morrison Irwin）33-4（The Renaissance Gardens）Dance History23-4（Screen Dance）24-2（Modern Dance）Theater History7-1（The Well－made Play）9-1（Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg）Film History3-2（Jean Painleve）astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsSaturnUranus (天神，乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity，grav=heavy重，或悲伤Grave 严肃的，庄重的，坟墓Aggra－vation 加重，恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花，开花期n. 开花，使植物繁盛，大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱，波普，范围，系列spectral graphchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大，赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+us→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列，范围；光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you knowthis because you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道，错得厉害，有很大距离，（”I think you are way off base.）haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite：陨石meteor: 流星，大气现象，meteorology，气象学，mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr＝earth，土地；frighten，可怕，恐惧；extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的Mediterranean，地中海的subterranean，地下的，subterrane，下层，洞穴，地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语，like，acidoid, 似酸的，asteroid，星状的，小行星，organoid，类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸，碎片，垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似，相似，比拟，“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向，使熟悉或适应，orient oneselforientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetation Precipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫，sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间，一阵（不愉快的事大量发生）The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives. Spell of frost 一阵（某种活动，天气等）Wetland swamp marsh 淹没，使陷入困境，忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水v. 下水道n. drainage 废水，排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道，转向－vert＝turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅subscribe to 同意，支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动n. 马刺，刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子，阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock. Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余，残渣，remainsPesticide residue：农药残留Homicide: 凶杀，suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作，协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的grave，aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元，时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的，荒原Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山，独立的山丘Butt，buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开，割断chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑，洞，山谷a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑Art history3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram，picturedepictprimitivedating technique charcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny，canny valley premiereBiology12-1renew 更新，延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕，卷成一圈，coil：线圈，卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的，不是认真的，风凉话，说说而已sequence，repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠，变得错综复杂，磨损，unravel，解开，阐明archeology1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的successor 继承人继任者heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的，永恒的，不朽的mortal 致命的，不共戴天的，终有一死的，极度的凡人人类mort ＝death15-4inorganic photosynthesis photon光子microbe。
(完整版)托福听力学科分类(完全修正版)
22
TPO 19 Lecture 3
Spart ina
Marine Biology
23
TPO 10 Lecture 1
Whale Evolution
Marine Biology
24
TPO 23 Lecture 3
Dolphi ns
Marine Biology
25
TPO 31 Lecture 3
7
TPO 28 Lecture 2
Mirror Self-Recog niti on
Ani mal Behavior
8
TPO 17 Lecture 4
Defense Mecha nism of Octopus
Animal & Enviornment
9
TPO 14 Lecture 2
Microclimate
托福听力学科分类（完全修正版）
TOEFL
LISTENING
ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO.
BIOLOGY/A nimal Behavior/Bota ny /Zoology
TPO 04 Lecture 1
Displaceme nt Activity
Ani mal Behavior
1
TPO 11 Lecture 1
4
OG Test2 Page 376
Dolphi n Communi cati on
Ani mal Behavior
5
TPO 24 Lecture 1
Crocodile Vocalizati on
Ani mal Behavior
6
TPO 25 Lecture 4
托福TPO文本听力材料分类解析
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO文本听力材料分类解析摘要：托福TPO文本听力内容丰富，很多考生对托福TPO听力解析感兴趣，小马托福频道为大家带来托福TPO听力文本材料分类解析，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
托福 TPO文本听力内容丰富，很多考生对托福TPO听力解析感兴趣，小马托福频道为大家带来托福TPO听力文本材料分类解析，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
托福TPO文本听力材料分类解析一、test preparation(考试准备)学生在海外求学，还是希望能够获得一个好分数的，因此，很多同学在考前就会找到教授，询问一些考试的准备以及自己在复习过程中所产生的疑问。
关于考试建议，复习建议，这个话题正式考试中较为常见，学生会根据所考科目，去向教授提问，教授通常会非常清晰的向学生解释问题，同时鼓励学生加油，尽量展示北美校园良好风气。
二、project or research discussion (项目的讨论)这个类别相对来说偏学术化一些，同时难度会有一定比例的提升。
在这个部分，学生会和教授一起讨论项目的内容，如何参加，同时，还有可能有时间上的匹配，有时候学生由于时间不能参加，热心热情的教授还会帮助学生调整时间。
记得有一个听力练习，学生说要上课，教授说去替他和课程老师商量，学生说要打工，教授说正好认识餐馆老板，可以去替他请假，简直是二十四孝保姆啊~大家看到北美的老师如此贴心的服务，是不是要努力学好托福，赶紧出去呢?相关的TPO练习有TPO 3-4、TPO 4-4、TPO 7-1、TPO 11-4、TPO 13-1.三、declare or drop the course (选退课的问题)这个问题实际上在校园服务中也有考到过，但是在办公室对话中，也会出现学生去询问选课或者退课的问题，学生会就某一个学术性问题去咨询教授，教授了解之后，认为学生水平不足，不应该上advanced的课程，而应该去上intro-入门课程，通常学生是不愿意的，经过沟通之后，教授一般会勉为其难的答应继续学习。
托福听力学科分类(完全修正版)
托福听力学科分类（完全修正版）TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. BIOLOGY/Animal Behavior/Botany/ZoologyTPO04Lecture1Displacement Activity Animal Behavior1TPO11Lecture1Distraction Display Animal Behavior2TPO16Lecture3Animal's Decision Making Processes Animal Behavior3TPO08Lecture1Active Habitat Selection Animal Behavior4OG7est2Page376Dolphin Communication Animal Behavior5TPO24Lecture1Crocodile Vocalization Animal Behavior6TPO25Lecture4Animal Play Animal Behavior7TPO28Lecture2Mirror Self-Recognition Animal Behavior8TPO17Lecture4Defense Mechanism of Octopus Animal&Enviornment9TPO14Lecture2Microclimate Animal&Enviornment10 TPO15Lecture4Hydrothermal Vents Animal&Enviornment11 TPO01Lecture4Eastern Marmots&Olympic Marmots Animal&Enviornment12 TPO18Lecture4North American Wood Frog Animal&Enviornment13TPO20Lecture4 TPO07Lecture2Snowshoe HareBats'Use of UltrasoundAnimal&EnviornmentAnimal&Enviornment1415TPO22Lecture3The Sixth Mass Extinction w16 TPO27Lecture3Sauropod Zoology17 OG Testi Page266Root System18 TPO02Lecture2Manila Hemp19 TPO06Lecture2Nightcap Oak20 TPO34Lecture3Relationship between Plant and itsPollinator21 TPO28Lecture Plants'Photoreceptors22 TPO19Lecture3Spartina23 TPO10Lecture1Whale Evolution24 TPO23Lecture3Dolphins Marine25 TPO31Lecture3Coral Reefs&Cot Starfish—IQ.'26 TPO27Lecture1Coral Reefs27 TPO25Lecture1Assisted Migration Conservation Biology28 TPO12Lecture1Cell Division Biology29 TPO21Lecture3Snake Evolution Biology30 TPO26Lecture2Carbon Cycling Biology31 TPO32Lecture2Changes in Animal Population in theWildBiology32 TPO33Lecture3Notothenioids Biology33TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECT NO. ARTTPO01Lecture1Rose Frantzen(Artist)Contemporary Art1 TPO03Lecture2Jean Painleve(Artist)Film History2 TPO09Lecture1Philippe Jacques de Theater History3Loutherbourg(ArtistTPO07Lecture1The Well-made Play断eater History4 TPO25Lecture2Bela Bartok(Artist)Music History5 TPO12Lecture3Evolution of Opera(Artwork)Music History6 TPO16Lecture2Piano(Artwork)Music History7 TPO27Lecture2Cremonese Violins Music History8 TPO30Lecture4Electric Guitar Music History9 TPO31Lecture1Ancient Greek Music&Plato Music History10 TPO19Lecture4Cecilia Beaux(Artist)11 TPO21Lecture4Alice Neel(Artist)12 TPO33Lecture4Renaissance Gardens13 TPO34Lecture1Dada14 TPO15Lecture3Palimpsest(Artwork)15 TPO16Lecture4Stained Glass Art(Artwork)16 TPO18Lecture2Copies of Greek Sculptures(Artwork)17 OG Test2Page382Colossal Statues(Artwork)18 TPO03Lecture3Chauvet Paintings19 TPO04Lecture4Government Support for the Arts20 TPO08Lecture2Women Artists in Paris21 TPO17Lecture1Prehistoric Art Dating22 TPO22Lecture4Musicians&Film Industry23 TPO23Lecture4Choreography Art24 (25)TPO24Lecture2Modern Dance&lsadora Duncan25 TPO26Lecture4Archimedes Palimpsest26 TPO27Lecture4Primary Colors.TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. Archaeology/History/Anthropology/Philosophy/SociologyTPO05Lecture1Meme Sociology1 TPO01Lecture3Qatalhoyuk Archaeology2 TPO14Lecture4Passage Graves Archaeology3 TPO23Lecture1Antikythera Mechanism Archaeology4 TPO24Lecture3Megafauna Archaeology5 TPO28Lecture4Gonur-depe Archaeology6 TPO29Lecture3Clovis people&caches Archaeology7TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. Ecology/Earth Science/Environmental ScienceTPO06Lecture4Climate Change in Sahara Desert Earth Science1 TPO32Lecture3the Copper Basin Earth Science2 TPO03Lecture1Humming Birds Environmental Science3 TPO09Lecture2Shrubs in Tundra Environmental Science4 TPO11Lecture3Wetland&Climate Environmental Science5 TPO12Lecture4Solar Energy Environmental Science6 TPO17Lecture2Milankovitch Hypothesis Environmental Science7 TPO20Lecture2Interglacial Periods Environmental Science8 TPO23Lecture2Clouds Environmental Science9 TPO33Lecture2the Colarado Basin River Environmental Science10 OG Test1Page262Managing Resources Environmental Science11 TPO34Lecture2APS Digestion Environmental Engineering12 TPO10Lecture3Phosphorus cycle13 TPO13Lecture2Beaver and Wetland14 TPO29Lecture1Pedodiversity15TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. Business/Architecture/Economics/OtherTPO11Lecture2Cape Cod House Architecture1 TPO29Lecture2Reverberation Architecture2 TPO32Lecture4Architects in the19th century Architectural History3 TPO11Lecture44Ms Advertising4 TPO26Lecture1Green Marketing Advertising5 TPO13Lecture1Pedestrian Malls6 TPO21Lecture2Software Development Computer Science7 TPO29Lecture4Carbon Nanotubes Structural Engineering8 OG Testi Page268Organization9 TPO12Lecture2Managing by Wandering Around10 TPO34Lecture4the Life Cycle of Innovation Business Management11TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. Literature/LinguisticsTPO04Lecture2Emerson's Essay Literature1 TPO05Lecture4Folktales and Fairy Tales literature2 TPO06Lecture3Creative Writing(Character Sketch)Literature3 TPO13Lecture3Medieval Poetry Literature4 TPO20Lecture3Different Types of Folktales Literature5 TPO09Lecture4Features of Human Language Linguistics6 TPO19Lecture1Proto-Indo-European Linguistics7 TPO20Lecture1Gricean Maxims Linguistics8TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. Geology/ChemistnTPO01Lecture2Uranium-Lead Dating geology1 TPO04Lecture3Moving Rocks beotoMI2 TPO15Lecture2Geologic Time Period3TPO16Lecture1Lechuguilla Cave Seolo瀛4 TPO07Lecture4Glacial Movement Geology5 TPO09Lecture3Desert Lakes6 TPO31Lecture2Movement of Tectonic Plates Geology7 TPO05Lecture3The Practical Use of Spectroscopy8 TPO08Lecture4The Periodic Table of Elements9TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO. PsychologyTPO02Lecture1Behaviorism1 TPO10Lecture4Childhood Amnesia2 TPO14Lecture1Perception3 TPO15Lecture1Distraction4 TPO30Lecture1Metacognition5。
小马托福TPO3听力笔记
Conversation1NarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a receptionist at the Registrar’s Office on the first day of the semester.StudentExcuse me,(1)I’m supposed to be having my physics class in the science building,but no one’s in the classroom.Could you tell mewhere the class is?Physics403—has it been moved?Receptionist(5)Well,there’s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office.StudentYeah,I know,but my class isn’t listed there.There must be some kind of mistake or something. Could you look it up,please?ReceptionistHmmm...ok,let me check on the computer.It’s physics,right?Wait,did you say physics403? StudentYeah.ReceptionistEr…I’m sorry,but it says here that it was cancelled.You should have got note letter from the registrar’s office about this.StudentWhat?I’ve never got it.ReceptionistAre you sure?‘Cause it says on the computer that the letter was sent out to students a week ago. StudentReally?I should have got it by now.I wonder if I threw it away with all the junk mail by mistake. ReceptionistWell,it does happen.Er…let me check something.What’s your name?StudentWoodhouse,Laura Woodhouse.ReceptionistOk,hmmm…Woodhouse,let me see…ah,it says here we sent it to your apartment on er…Center Street.Student(2)Oh,that’s my old apartment.I moved out of there a little while ago.ReceptionistWell,and I suppose you haven’t changed your mailing address at the administration(管理部门) office.Well that would explain it.StudentYeah,I guess that’s it.But how can they cancel the class after offering it.If I’d known this was going to happen,I would have takenit last semester.ReceptionistI know,it’s really inconvenient for you,(3)I understand that,but er…if we don’t have enough students sign up for the course,thecollege can’t offer it.You know,it’s a practical issue,like we can’t have an instructor when there’re only a few students in theclass.You see what I mean?StudentI guess,but now I don’t know what course I should take instead.ReceptionistOk,let’s see.Do you have any courses you’re going to take next semester?If you do,you might want to take them now and sign up forphysics403next semester.StudentYeah,I guess I could do that.I just hope it won't be cancelled again.Do you know how many people have to be enrolled in order to keepa class from being cancelled?ReceptionistWell,it depends on the class,but for that class,you have to have er…let’s see,usually it’d be at least ten people,but since itwas cancelled this semester,they might even do it with less.(4)But do you know what you should do?Give the physics department a call acouple of weeks before the semester starts.They’ll be able to tell you if they’re planning to go through with it.It's their decision,actually.StudentOh,ok,I will do that.Thanks for the info.ReceptionistNo problem.Sorry about the class.Oh,why aren’t you to go change a mail address now.It lonely takes a minute.StudentOh,oh,sure,I will do that right way.Q1Why does the women come to the office?􀁺To notify the university of her change of address􀁺To find out where her physics class is being held􀁺To get directions to the science building􀁺To complain about her physics class being canceledQ2What happened to the letter the university sent to thewoman?􀁺She threw it away by mistake􀁺Her roommate forgot to give it to her􀁺It was sent to her old mailing address􀁺It was sent to another student by mistakeQ3Why was the woman’s physics class canceled?􀁺Not enough students signed up to take the class􀁺No professors were available to teach the class􀁺The university changed its requirements forphysics students􀁺There were no classrooms available in the science building at the hourQ4What does the man suggest the woman do before the beginning of next semester?􀁺Consult with her advisor about her class schedule􀁺Check with the registrar’s office about the location of the class􀁺Register for her classes early􀁺Call the physics departmentQ5What does the man imply when he say this:􀁺He know the physics class has been canceled􀁺He is not sure where the science building is􀁺Many of the room assignments have been changed􀁺The women can check for herself where her class is。
TPO听力按学科分类词汇
目录对话场景词汇： (3)A：Office Hours办公时间—Student & Professor (3)论文 (3)疑难解答 (3)申请 (4)选课 (4)B：Service Encounter服务咨询-- Student & Officer (4)Library:图书馆 (4)Bookstore：书店 (5)Cafeteria：食堂 (5)Registrar’s Office：注册办公室 (5)faculty advisor：指导老师 (5)Counseling Center：咨询中心 (6)Career Services Office:就业服务办公室 (6)Campus Activities.校园活动 (6)Administrating Office行政办公楼 (7)讲座学科词汇： (7)讲座场景A-- Art艺术 (7)Art艺术 (7)音乐：Music (9)建筑：Architecture (9)城市规划：City Planning (10)文学：Literature create (10)舞蹈：Dance (11)讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学 (12)考古：Archaeology (12)历史：History (12)人类学：Anthropology (12)哲学：Philosophy (13)心理学：Psychology (13)经济学Economics商业Business (14)社会学：Sociology (15)政治类：Politics (15)讲座场景C—Life Science生命科学 (16)动物学： (16)植物学： (17)考过的动物： (18)考过的植物： (19)Animal Behavior:动物行为 (19)适应：Adaptation (20)进化: Evalution (20)交流：Communication (20)生物工程DNA (21)生态学 (21)讲座场景D—理科—Physical Science 自然科学 (22)天文: Astronomy (22)九大行星 (23)环境科学 (24)地理Geography&地质Geology (25)化学Chemistry (26)物理：Physics (27)其他高频词汇 (29)对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：office hour [ˈɔfis] [ˈauə]n.办公时间term paper[tə:m] [ˈpeipə]n.学期论文.essay [ˈesei]n.作文，散文thesis statement论文陈述proposed topics [prəu'pəuzd]推荐的论文选题selecting topic选择性题目scope [skəup]n.范围wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题. available [ə'veləbl]可利用的collection藏书research data调查数据research project调查项目preliminary outline [prɪ'lɪmɪnɛri]初步提纲final outline最终提纲first draft [ðə] [fə:st] [drɑ:ft]n.初稿draft version [ˈvə:ʃən]草拟版本look over a draft version [luk] [ˈəuvə] [ə] [drɑ:ft] [ˈvə:ʃən]v.检查草拟版本comment [ˈkɔment]n.vt.评论make comment ['kɑmɛnt]评论rewrite [ˌri:ˈrait]v.重写revise [riˈvaiz]v.校正edited version ['vɝʒn]修订版final copy [ˈfainəl] [ˈkɔpi]最后打印版hand in the final copy [hænd] [in] [ðə] [ˈfainəl] [ˈkɔpi]v.提交最后打印版final format ['fɔrmæt]最终格式catalog目录design plan [diˈzain] [plæn]n.设计方案.draw up 得出结论reference section [ˈrefərəns] [ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n.参考部分fixed date固定日期submission [səb'mɪʃən]提交issue发行疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：mid-term exam [mid] [tə:m] [igˈzæm]n.期中考试grade [greid]n.成绩revision [rɪ'vɪʒən]复习fail不及格re-take重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：elective选修selective选修课bird course轻松的课hard course困难的课程intermediate level [,ɪntɚ'midɪət]中级水平summer session暑期课程seminar ['sɛmɪnɑr]研讨会workshop小型研讨会presentation [prez(ə)n'teɪʃ(ə)n]课堂展示slide [slaɪd]幻灯片register注册sign up注册sign up for a noncredit course [nɔn'kredit]注册permission to register [pɚ'mɪʃən]允许注册due [dju:]adj.截止deadline [ˈdedlain]n.截止日期group project [gru:p] [ˈprɔdʒekt]n.团队项目project作业assignment [əˈsainmənt]n.作业quite a heavy load课业负担沉重学分与学位：credit[ˈkredit]n.学分credit is awarded学分奖励diploma [dɪ'plomə]证书bachelor’s degree学士学位迟到或缺课：attendance [ə'tɛndəns]出勤misse somebody’s lecture缺课fill me in something给我补课extension [ikˈstenʃən]n.延期疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin学校公告栏community center社区活动中心be weak in薄弱rushing against the clock忙碌run into problems遇到困难dilemma [dɪ'lemə] n. 两难transfer转系转专业tough decision艰难的抉择consult [kən'sʌlt]咨询enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问approach方法途径techniques and skills技巧advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可letters of recommendation [,rekəmen'deɪʃ(ə)n]推荐信rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj. 合格的previous experience ['privɪəs]事前经验take the prerequisite [,pri'rɛkwəzɪt] 满足先决条件submit [səb'mɪt] 提交sheet单子signature签字soft copy邮件发送check back核查记录formal training正式培训license执照，许可申请申请与志愿：volunteer [ˌvɔlənˈtiə]n.志愿者requirement [rɪ'kwaɪɚmənt]要求admission [əd'mɪʃən]许可campus [ˈkæmpəs]n校园semester[siˈmestə]n.学期（半年）[英式term;术语] scholarship/fellowship [ˈskɔləʃip] [ˈfeləuʃip]n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：credit course ['sɪəriːz学分课程required writing course必修写作课optional class ['ɑpʃənl]选修课preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：intro/introduction course [ˈɪntrəʊ]/ [ˌintrəˈdʌkʃən] [k ɔ:s].n.导论课程foundation course [faunˈdeiʃən] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程intermediate course [ˌintəˈmi:diət] [kɔ:s]n.中级课程advanced course [ədˈvɑ:nst] [kɔ:s]n.高级课程B：Service Encounter服务咨询-- Student & Officer Library:图书馆librarian[laiˈbrɛəriən]n.图书管理员inter-library[ˈɪntə(r)] [ˈlaibrəri]n.图书馆间video library [ˈvidiəu] [ˈlaibrəri]n.录像图书馆in the basement [in] [ðə, ði:] [ˈbeismənt]n.地下室reference room n.阅览室the reference stacks [ðə, ði:] [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库the front desk [ðə, ði:] [frʌnt] [desk]n.前台loan[ləun]v.n.借loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限return [riˈtə:n]v.还renew [riˈnju:]v.更新，续reserve[riˈzə:v]vt.预留/n.储备photocopier[ˈfəʊtəʊkɔpɪə(r)]n.影印机fine [fain]vt.罚款/n.罚金charge[tʃɑ:dʒ] =fee[fi:]n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊literature review [ˈlitərətʃə] [riˈvju:]n.文献评论newspaper reviews [ˈnju:sˌpeipə] [riˈvju:z] n.报纸评论contemporary reviews [kənˈtempərəri] [riˈvju:z]n.当代评论paperback n.平装本electronic [iˌlekˈtrɔnik]adj.电子版的the rare books [ðə, ði:] [reə] [buks]珍藏本书gloves[glʌvz]手套front cover 书的封面index ['ɪndɛks] n.索引literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南abstract [ˈæbstrækt]vt.摘要title [ˈtaitl]n.标题screen[skri:n]n.电脑屏幕database [ˈdeitəbeis]n.数据库published and unpublished data [ˈpʌbliʃt] [ənd] [ˏʌnˋp ʌblɪʃt] [ˈdeitə]n.出版未出版数据库student orientation [ˈstju:dənt] [ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]n.情况介绍（针对大学新生）precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店merchandises[ˈmə:tʃəndaiz]n.商品store credit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物purchase ['pə:tʃəs] =buy [bai] vt.买retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书policy [ˈpɔləsi]n.规定full refund [ful] [riˈfʌnd, ˈri:fʌnd]n.退款Cafeteria：食堂restaurant ['restərɔnt] /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ] [ru:m]n.餐厅organic food [ɔ:ˈgænik] [fu:d]n.有机食物deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物waiter [ˈweitə] n.男服务员waitress[ˈweitris]n.女服务员snack[snæk]n.小吃，快餐salad[ˈsæləd]n.沙拉Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：dean [di:n]n.院长；系主任department chair [diˈpɑ:tmənt] [tʃɛə] /chairperson['tʃɛəpə:sn]n.系主任enroll in注册course[kɔ:s]n.课程basic course [ˈbeisik] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程foundational classe [faunˈdeiʃən] [ˈklæsik] 基础课程introductory course [ˌintəˈdʌktəri] [kɔ:s]n. 基础入门课程the intermediate level course [ðə, ði:] [ˌintəˈmi:diət] [ˈlevəl] [kɔ:s]n.中级水平field work [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record [ˌækəˈdemik] [ˈrekɔ:d, riˈkɔ:d]n. 学业成绩grade point average 平均绩点credit[ˈkredit]n.学分expense n.花费tuition [tʊ'ɪʃən] n.学费scholarship ['skɒləʃɪp] n. 奖学金financial aid 助学金graduation form [ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən] [fɔ:m]n.毕业表格. graduation requirements [ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən] [riˈkwaiəmənts]要求permission[pəˈmiʃən]n.允许，许可verify [ˈverifai]vt. 证实mailing address [ˈmeiliŋ əˈdres]n.邮寄地址faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理language lab manager语言实验室经理administrating office行政办公楼hall [hɔ:l]n.大厅laboratory [ləˈbɔrətəri]n.实验室dorm [dɔ:m] /dormitory [ˈdɔ:mitəri]n.宿舍auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队concert [ˈkɔnsət]n.音乐会rehearsal [riˈhə:səl]n.排练，预演construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən]n.建筑施工request [riˈkwest] vt.／n.请求reschedule [ri:ˈʃedju:l]vt.重新安排时间表summit[ˈsʌmit]n.提交application [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请feedback [ˈfi:dbæk]n.反馈video [ˈvidiəu]n.视频；录像Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员Department Secretary:部门秘书bank account [bæŋk əˈkaʊnt] n.银行存款/账户bill [bil]n. 账单cash [kæʃ]n. 现金credit card[ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd]n.信用卡deposits[diˈpɔzits]n.存款paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册salary [ˈsæləri] =income [ˈinkʌm]n. 工资fax [fæks]n.传真form [fɔ:m]n.表格table [ˈteibəl]n.表格chart [tʃɑ:t]n.图表Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：career [kəˈriə]n.职业career advisory service职业咨询服务freshman [ˈfreʃmən]n.大一新生sophomore[ˈsɔfəmɔ:]n.大二junior[ˈdʒu:niə]n.大三seniors [ˈsi:niə]n.大四学生graduate [ˈgrædjueit] vi. 毕业n.毕业生interview [ˈintəvju:]n.面试resume [ˈrezju:mei]n.简历recommend letter [ˌrekəˈmend] [ˈletə]n.推荐信employee [imˈplɔi-i:] n.雇员employer [imˈplɔiə]n.雇主intern n. 实习生alumni [ə'lʌmnaɪ]n. 男校友recruit [riˈkru:t]vt.招聘website ['webˌsait]n.网站career [kəˈriə] /job fair[dʒɑb fɛr]n.招聘会wear a suit [wɛə][ei, ə, æn, ən] [su:t, sju:t]n.正装firm [fə:m] =company [ˈkʌmpəni] =corporation [ˌkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]n.公司advancement [ədˈvɑ:nsmənt] =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校内活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤campus activities. 校园活动announcement[əˈnaunsmənt]n.公告；通告poster [ˈpəustə]n.海报flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单social[ˈsəuʃəl]a.社交laundry ['lɔndri] n. 洗衣房gym card [dʒim] [kɑ:d]n.健身卡request [riˈkwest] vt.／n. 请求appointment [,kɑmprɪ'hɛnsɪv]预约，约会dentist [,intrə'dʌktəri]牙医Administrating Office行政办公楼department院系faculties ['fæk(ə)ltɪs] n. 系，学院；才能，能力；全体教员staff [stɑ:f] n.全体职员retire [riˈtaiə]v.退休housing office 住宿办公室讲座学科词汇：讲座场景A-- Art艺术Art艺术美术：fine art[fain] [ɑ:t] n.美术academy [əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院art academy [ɑ:t] [əˈkædəmi] n.艺术学院gallery [ˈgæləri] n.画廊studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室salon [səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆exhibition [eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n] n.展览（会）convention [kənˈvenʃən] n.大会；惯例，习俗the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴contemporary art [kənˈtempərəri] [ɑ:t] n.当代艺术tribal art [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t] n.部落艺术abstract art [ˈæbstrækt] [ɑ:t] n.抽象派avant-garde[,ævɔŋ'ɡɑ:d] n.前卫派realism [ˈriəlizəm] n现实主义impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义impressionistic style[ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk]印象派风格Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的realistic [riəˈlistik] adj.现实主义的minimalist ['mɪnɪm(ə)lɪst]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]n.先驱figurehead ['fɪgəhed] 名誉领袖critic['krɪtɪk] n.批评家amateur [‘æmətə] n. 业余艺术家oil painting油画water color水彩画engraving [ɪn'greɪvɪŋ; en-] n.版画mural painting['mjʊər(ə)l] / fresco['freskəʊ]n.壁画cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画charcoal drawing ['tʃɑːkəʊl]木炭画sketch[sketʃ] n.速写/素描caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə; 'kærɪkətʃɔː] n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景画calligraphy[kə'lɪgrəfɪ] n.书法sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑statue ['stætjuː; -tʃuː] n.塑像bust [bʌst] n.半身雕塑像sculptor n.雕塑家decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃fabric[ˈfæbrik] n.纤维织物weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织mosaic [məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmiks] n.制陶术，制陶业painting=work [ˈpeintiŋ] [wə:k] n.绘画作品masterpiece [ˈmæstəpi:s] n.杰作autograph['ɔːtəgrɑːf]真迹original [əˈridʒənəl]n.原作reproduction / replica [riːprə'dʌkʃ(ə)n]['replɪkə]复制品fake[feɪk] adj.假的genuine['dʒenjʊɪn] adj.真正的brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理perspective [pə'spektɪv]透视画法brush[brʌʃ] n. 画笔drawing board画板canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布pigment ['pɪgm(ə)nt]颜色，色素ivory [ˈaivəri]n.象牙；乳白色purple紫色indigo ['ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛蓝layer [‘leiə] n. 垫片，层framing['freɪmɪŋ] n.装框paste [peɪst] v.裱糊scene [si:n] n.景色nature scene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机lightproof [‘laitpru:f] adj.不透光image [‘imidʒ] n. 影像prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元season [‘si:zən] n. 适合某种活动的季节,期间rank [ræŋk]v.分等级appeal [ə’pi:l] v.对……有吸引力make a name [meik] [ə] [ˈneim]v.出名，成名clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会monastery [ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士戏剧电影摄影：drama [‘drɑ:mə] n.戏剧dramaturge [‘dræmə’tə:dʒ] n.剧作家tragedy [‘trædʒidi] n.悲剧puppet show [‘pʌpit-ʃəu] n.木偶剧script [skript] n.剧本early version [ˈə:li] [ˈvə:ʃən]n.早期版本theatrical text [θi’ætrikəl-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer [prə’dju:sə] n. 制片人film [film]n.=movie [ˈmu:vi] n.=motion picture [ˈməuʃən] [ˈpiktʃə]n.电影production [prə’dʌkʃən] n.作品，成品，电影制片director [di’rektə] n.导演documentarist[ˏdɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演cast [kɑ:st] v. 指定角色audition [ɔ:’diʃən] v. 在试演中评估某一人物performer [pə’fɔ:mə] n.表演者acrobat [‘ækrəbæt] n.杂技演员juggler [‘dʒʌɡlə] n. 玩杂耍的人mime [maim] n. 滑稽演员，哑剧演员，丑角clown [klaun] n. 小丑puppeteer [pʌpi’tiə] n. 演木偶戏的人pantomime [‘pæntəmaim] n.哑剧表演minstrel [‘minstrəl] n. 诗歌演唱者audience [ˈɔ:diəns]n.观众，听众，读者theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema [ˈsinimə] n.电影院scenery [‘si:nəri] n.舞台布景imitation [‘imi’teiʃən] n.道具costume [‘kɔstju:m] n.装束makeup [‘meikʌp] n.化妆品characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述standard [ˈstændəd] n.标准framework [‘freimwə:k] n.结构photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影film [film] n. 胶片expose [iks’pəuz] v. 曝光，暴露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.曝光sensitized paper [‘sensitaizd-'peipə] n. 感光纸emulsion [i’mʌlʃən] n. 感光乳剂high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备processing [prəu’sesiŋ] n.处理entertain [‘entə’tein] v.娱乐pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者inventor发明家mechanic[mɪ'kænɪk] 机械工proprietor[prə'praɪətə] 业主feminist ['fɛmənɪst] 女权主义者humanitarian [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən] 人道主义者apprentice [ə'prentɪs]学徒disciple[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l]n.学徒crew [kru:] n.全体人员mortal ['mɔːt(ə)l] 犯人renowned[riˈnaund] adj. 著名的household adj.家庭的/家喻户晓的classic adj.经典的traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/神unique adj.唯一的/独特的versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] adj.天真的/无罪的romantic adj.浪漫的odd adj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic [ɪ'rætɪk] adj.奇怪的eccentric [ɪk'sentrɪk; ek-] adj.古怪的weird adj.怪异的/不可思议的emotional adj.情绪的/情感的emotive adj.感人的sentimental[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] adj.感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless adj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['klʌmzɪ] adj.笨拙的rigid['rɪdʒɪd] adj.僵化的spare[speə] adj.简朴的zigzag ['zɪgzæg] adj.曲折的symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk] adj.象征性的contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik, sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare [ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦音乐：Musicfolk music民间音乐hillbilly music ['hɪlbɪlɪ] 乡村音乐chamber music [ˈtʃeimbə] [ˈmju:zik] n.室内音乐symphony [ˈsimfəni] n. 交响乐Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家composer [kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者choir [ˈkwaiə] n. 合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队note n.音符step [step] n.音级scale [skeil] n.音阶tone [təun] n.音调pitch [pitʃ] n.音高volume [‘vɔlju:m] n.音量register [‘redʒistə] n.音域solo ['səʊləʊ]独奏/独唱harmony n.和声chord[kɔːd] n.和弦melody [ˈmelədi] n. 旋律；歌曲rhythm ['riðəm,'riθəm]n.节奏韵律rhythmic patterns ['riðmik - 'pætənz] n. 有节奏的模式notation [nəu’teiʃən] n.谱号(musical notation: 音乐记谱)score [skɔ:] n.乐谱composition [‘kɔmpə’ziʃən] n.乐曲movement n. 乐章lullaby['lʌləbaɪ]催眠曲sonata [sə'nɑːtə]奏鸣曲serenade[serə'neɪd] 小夜曲vocal music声乐band music / wind music管乐orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n. 管弦乐队conducting指挥podium['pəʊdɪəm] 指挥台accompaniment [ə'kʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt] n.伴奏musical instrument乐器string instrument [striŋ] [ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən] [ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴fhorn号；喇叭clarinet [klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管pound drum 击鼓formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的fanatical [fə'nætikl] 狂热的建筑：Architecturearchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师building technique建筑工艺crafting n. 工艺；手工aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的school [sku:l] n.学派guild [ɡild] n.协会design设计design element设计元素nterior design [in’tiəriə-di'zain] n.室内设计construct [kən'strʌkt]n.结构compact structure [ˈkɔmpækt] [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.紧凑的结构component [kəm’pəunənt] n.零件，构件composing [kəm'pəuziŋ]n. 组成tension [‘tenʃən] n.绷紧状态cube [kjuːb] n.立方体facade [fə’sɑ:d] n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面alignment [ə’lainmənt] n.直线排列parallel [‘pærəlel] adj.平行的fine [fain] adj.（区别）微小的；细微的flat [flæt] adj.扁平的immense [i’mens] adj.极大的molten [‘məultən] adj.熔化的；熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆planetarium[,plænɪ'teərɪəm] 天文馆aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm]水族馆skyscraper [‘skai’skreipə] n.摩天大楼office building写字楼cabin['kæbɪn]n. 小木屋cathedral[kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂mosque[mɒsk] 清真寺castle ['kɑːs(ə)l] n.城堡Gothic [‘ɡɔθik] adj.哥特式的pyramid 金字塔the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch[ɑːtʃ]凯旋门celebrated [‘selibreitid] adj.著名的roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱（连柱的）ceiling [‘si:liŋ] n.天花板marble slab ['mɑːbl-slæb] n.大理石板skeleton [‘skelitn] n.框架结构整体框架steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁metal-frame金属结构mat [mæt] n.垫子pedestal ['pedistəl] n. 基架，基座doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.门口corridor [‘kɔridɔ:] n.走廊staircase [‘stɛəkeis] n.楼梯electric elevator [i’lektrik - ‘eliveitə] n.电梯dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间fountain [‘fauntin] n.喷泉lamp [læmp] n.灯chimney [‘tʃimni] n.烟囱drainer [‘dreinə] n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer [sjuə] n.排水沟pipeline [‘paiplain] n.管道，输送管道canal [kə’næl] n.运河timber [‘timbə] n.木材splint [splint] n.薄木条lime [laim] n.石灰plaster [‘plɑ:stə] n.石膏mortar [‘mɔ:tə] n.砂浆, 灰浆tile [tail] n.饰面砖，瓷砖fiber [‘faibə] n.纤维hemp [hemp] n.大麻纤维new material新材料prototype['prəʊtətaɪp] n.原型portrait [‘pɔ:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sfɪŋks] n.狮身人面像sculpt [skʌlpt] v.雕刻pastel [pæs’tel] n.彩色蜡笔画parchment [‘pɑ:tʃmənt] n.羊皮纸decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品pour [pɔ:] v.浇注erect [i’rekt] v.竖立，建立hammer [‘hæmə] v.锤打imold [məuld] v.塑造cohere [kəu’hiə] v.粘合converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合于，集中于一点span [spæn] v.（桥、拱等）横跨fabric weaving [‘fæbrik - 'wiːviŋ] n.纺织，编织城市规划：City Planninglayout [ˈleiaut]n.布局downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area[ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential area[ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident[ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk[ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道pedestrian mall [piˈdestriən] [mɔ:l] n.步行街off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [hʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.提供便利privately owned [‘praivitli-əund] adj.私有的publicly owned [‘pʌblikli:-əund] adj.公有的public utility [‘pʌblik-ju’tiliti] n.公用事业vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n.交通工具parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ] [ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [p ɑ:k]=stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场automobile [ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car [kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n.汽车subway station [ˈsʌbwei] [ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌnd əˈgraund]n.地铁文学：Literature creategenre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体fairy tale[ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk tale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事mythology [miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction [ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns] [ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说prose n.= essay [ˈesei]n.散文descriptive prose [dɪ'skrɪptɪv] 描写性散文narrative prose ['nærətɪv] 叙述性散文poetry [ˈpəuitri]=poem [ˈpəuim]n.诗歌autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记character sketch [ˈkæriktə] [sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['bæləd]民谣proverb ['prɒvɜːb] 谚语editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n. 社论type [taip]n.类型style [stail]n.风格works[wə:ks]n.作品author [ˈɔ:θə]n.作者story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人satirist ['sætərɪst]讽刺作家biographer [baɪ'ɒɡrəfə] 自传作家imagist ['imidʒist] 意象派诗人troubadour [ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论schools of literature文学流派realism['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 现实主义surrealism [sə'rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 超现实主义modernism ['mɒd(ə)nɪz(ə)m]现代主义aestheticism[iːs'θetɪsɪz(ə)m; es-]唯美主义character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格leading character主人公major/main character[ˈmeidʒə]/ [mein] [ˈkærikt ə]=round character[raund] [ˈkæriktə]n.主角minor characters[ˈmainə] [ˈkæriktə]=flat character [flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角characters’ personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait [ˈpi:plz] [treit]n.人物特质model n.人物原型stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景prelude ['preljuːd]序曲prologue ['prəʊlɒg]n.序言main plot [plɔt]n主要情节obligatory scene[əˈbligəˌtəri] [si:n]n.必须的情节incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语fortune[ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室prince [ˈprins]n.王子princess [ˌprinˈses]n.公主knight[nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆entertainment[ˌentəˈteinmənt]=recreation [ˌrekriˈeiʃən]=amusement [əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式universal truth [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] [tru:θ]n.真理the inciting [ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏戏剧（见艺术电影摄影）：drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater [ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧well-made play[wel] [meid] [plei]n.佳构剧comedy [ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧portray[pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘舞蹈：Danceballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞choreography [ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞choreographer[,kɔri'ɔɡrəfə] 舞蹈编排家toeshoe [ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学考古：ArchaeologyStone Age 石器时代Paleolithic [,pælɪəʊ'lɪθɪk]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [ˌmɛsəʊˈlɪθɪk]中石器时代的Neolithic [ˌniːəʊˈlɪθɪk]新石器时代的the Neolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌni:əuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]=New stone age [nju:] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.新石器时代Bronze Age [brɒnz]（青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj原始的ancestor [ˈænsɛstə]祖先cave man山顶洞人nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民clan [klæn]氏族tribe [traɪb]部落alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟homogeneous [ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːnɪəs ˌhɒm-]同一种族（种类）的archeologist [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist]考古学家antiquity [ænˈtɪkwɪtɪ]古代，古老ancient civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən]古代文明grave= tomb [greiv]= [tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟remains [rɪ'meɪnz]遗产/遗骸skull [skʌl]颅骨cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]颅骨的historicalrelic [hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹cultural relics ['rɛliks]文物relic [ˈrɛlɪk]遗物，文物antique [æn'tiːk]古物/古董artifact [ˈɑːtɪˌfækt]手工艺品utensil [ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟obsidian [ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石covert ['kʌvət]n. 隐藏处shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所religion [riˈlidʒən]n.宗教ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（宗教）仪式originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬excavate / unearth v.挖掘excavation [ˌekskəˈveiʃən]n.挖掘历史：Historyera [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前ancient Rome/Greek [ˈeinʃənt] [rəum]/ [gri:k]n. 古罗马/希腊medieval [,medi'i:vəl,]adj. 中世纪Europe [ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n. 罗马Greek [gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland [ˈhɔlənd] n.荷兰（Dutch荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidiən] n.加拿大人）Mount Rushmore 拉什莫尔山（位于美国南达科他州）总统山；人类学：Anthropologyanthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst]人类学家paleoanthropologist [ˌpælɪəʊˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ]古人类学家ecological anthropologist [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]生态人类学家psychological anthropologist [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]心理人类学家Native American [ˈneitiv] [əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人patriarchal [,peitri'ɑ:kəl] adj.家长的/族长的哲学：Philosophyphilosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz] [ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈeinʃənt] [gri:k] [fiˈlɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]苏格拉底；Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声，名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的；表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义心理学：Psychologybaby[ˈbeibi]=infant [ˈinfənt]=nursling [ˈnəːsliŋ]n.婴儿kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl] n.年轻人adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people [əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl]=senior citizens [ˈsi:niə] [ˈsitizənz]老年人mature [məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人minority [maɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ]n.从众individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n. 个体，个人self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 依靠自己，自立participate [pɑ:’tisipeit] v.参与behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的mental processes: [ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.心理历程mental [ˈmentl]心理的founder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德mental process[ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought [θɔ:t]n.思想，想法cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识cognitive capacity [ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力ideomotor action[ˌaidiəˈməutə] [ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机；积极性；推动intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图，目的intuitive [inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心virtuous ['və:tʃuəs]adj. 善良的；有道德的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心generous [ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方identity [aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性fame [feim]n.名声，名望spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl]心灵的soul [səul]n. 灵魂；心灵physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]身体的，物质的，物理的behavior [bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉sign language[sain] [ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音throat [θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子laryngeal [ læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]= voice box [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/ [ˈnegətiv] [ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极maze [meiz]= labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt]n.受实验对象disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的child amnesia[tʃaild] [æmˈni:ziə] n儿童健忘症，记忆缺失语言学：linguistics [liŋˈgwistiks] .语言学Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ] [juərəˈpi:ən] n.原始印欧语grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法。
托福听力相关Horse讲义题型训练9篇(讲义55页—76页)(1)
新托福考试不像原来旧托福可以偷回每次的考题，能供大家学习的ETS出的听力试题，一共有17篇，分别是官方指南上11篇文章+practiceonline里面的6篇文章（/bbs/thread-2691-1-1.html模拟练习三即是）。
这17篇文章需要大家在了解过听力的出题思路后，再去使用，而且应该是仔细的揣摩每道题的考点。
另外如果有的同学喜欢背段子的话，那这17篇文章最适合去背诵了。
供我们备考所用的旧托福的试题，可以分成三类：PBT（考国内）、PBT（考北美）、CBT（大陆范围之外）。
考国内的PBT试题，从95年8月——2004年10月，供42套题，是适合大众使用的材料。
需要使用者放弃掉每套题中的小对话部分，只取Part B 和Part C使用即可。
我更推荐大家把时间集中在每次旧托福的Part C 的演讲。
在的这个地址里/bbs/forum-24-1.html我从95年一直按照每套的形式一直放到2006年。
音频和听力的脚本都在里面。
北美的PBT的试题，被ETS授权给泰德时代于2003年出版了31套真题。
因为是经过授权出版的，所以声音质量与考场一致，这个材料虽然没有我们能得到的国内的PBT试题多，但是声音质量远远好于国内的PBT（因为是大家在考场上偷录的）。
以我接触学生的经验来看，备考听力者比较痛苦的莫过于对场景陌生和对专业场景里的词汇头疼，所以这个声音质量完美的材料，我把它划分成了场景：campus类、历史类、生物类、地球科学类、天文学类、人体生理心里累、人类学类、语言学类、和商业类，供大家同一场景连续突破。
在这个地址可以下载/bbs/forum-23-1.html具体介绍在这个地址：/bbs/thread-8781-1-1.html北美的CBT的听力试题，也被我按照场景的模式划分，在这个地址/bbs/thread-2167-1-1.html其他市面上大家可以购买的书籍是：longman 朗文的绿色的综合教程、delta的蓝色备考策略（新东方统一强化班是配发）、barron的紫色模考教程。
小马托福TPO听力精选二十篇系列
小马托福TPO听力精选二十篇系列（第一季）托福TPO就是真题，真题就是ETS的TPO。
托福TPO听力来自于2006-2008年所考过的真题，是最佳的备考材料。
仅仅使用TPO去做题是对 TPO极大的浪费，托福听力必备（背）TPO精选20篇，只要搞定这20篇TPO听力，你的听力一定是25分以上！要怎么搞定TPO听力？先做题——再听写——最后跟读，直到接近背诵下来。
总有学生问老师，推荐背诵什么TPO 文章？就背诵精选的这20篇TPO听力文章吧，20篇不多也不少，正好够1个月的托福备考，还等什么？快快下载，抓紧听写，认真跟读，努力背诵吧！大家在使用TPO的时候有着七宗罪：（1）仅做题。
浪费了提高实力的好材料（2）无解析。
含糊着与好文章擦肩而过（3）贪图量。
囫囵吞枣、走马观花，无质量（4）没分类。
对于托福专业话题依旧没概念（5）做一遍。
只检查自己而不提高自己（6）缺精选。
话题精、结构精的文章是什么（7）看不懂。
没有参考翻译小马TPO听力精选20篇值得你背诵的20篇最有代表性的听力文章！TPO精选20篇系列共5季，每集5篇文章供大家了解重要的话题。
本精选有Horse和心语老师共同精选。
每篇文章的使用建议如下：第一步：听——做题第二步：使用音频听写成中文一篇第三步：使用音频听写成英文一篇第四步：参考每篇文章的汉语翻译第五步：修改，订正第六步：20遍读熟文章第七步：边听边看边读20遍文章第八步：只听不看跟着读10遍文章第九步：做出文章笔记并去试图复述文章第十步：背诵文章（听写的具体方法可以参考的听写训练营里的指导贴/forum-viewthread-tid-81770-fromuid-254284.html）记住，每篇文章以上10步走完不经历个15个小时左右是不能进行下一篇文章的。
想你的托福听力在一个月内过25分么？用30天的时间，就搞定TPO精选20篇！专注，这事对你只有好处！听写的内容1、听写音频，写中文翻译（1）以一句为单位的去听（2）使用软件效果更佳。
小马托福TPO7听力笔记
Conversation1Eric:Hi,Professor Mason,do you have a minute?Pro:Yeah,of course,Eric.I think there was something I wanted to talk to you about too.Eric:Probably my late essay.Pro:Ah,that must be it.I thought maybe I’d lost it.Eric:No,I'm sorry.Actually it was my computer that lost it,the first draft of it.And,well, anyway,I finally put it in your mail box yesterday.Pro:Oh,I haven't checked the mail box yet today.Well,I'm glad it's there.I will read it this weekend.Eric:Well,sorry again.Say,I can send it to you by email too if you like.Pro:Great.I'll be interested to see how it all comes out.Eric:Right.Now,ah,（2）I just have overheard some graduates students talking.Something about a party for De Adams?Pro:Retirement party,yes,all students are invited.Wasn't there notice on theAnthropology(人类学)Department's bulletin board?Eric:Ah,I don't know.(1)But I want to offer help with it.You know whatever you need.De Adams,well,I took a few anthropologyclasses with her and they were great,inspiring.That's why I want to pitch in.Pro:Oh,that's very thoughtful of you,Eric,but it will be low key,nothing flashy.That's not her style.Eric:So there's nothing?Pro:（3）No,we'll have coffee and cookies,maybe a cake.But actually couples of the administrative assistants are working on that.You could ask them but I think they've got covered. Eric:Ok.Pro:Actually,oh,no,never mind.Eric:What's it?Pro:Well,it's nothing to do with the party and I'm sure there are more exciting ways that you could spend your time.But we do needsome help with something.Work pilling a database of articles the anthropology faculty has published.（5）There is not much glory,butwe are looking for someone with some knowledge of anthropology who can enter the articles.I hesitate to mention it.But I don't supposeit's something you wouldEric:No,that sounds like cool.I would like to see what they are writing about.Pro:Wonderful.And there are also some unpublished studies.Do you know De Adams did a lot of field research in Indonesia?Most of themhaven't been published yet.Eric:No,like what?Pro:（4）Well,she is really versatile.She just spent several months studying social interactions in Indonesia and she's been influential in ecology（生态学）.Oh,and she's also done work in south of America,this iscloser to biology,especially with speciation.Eric:ah,not to seem uninformedPro:Well,how's species form?You know,how two distinct species form from one.Like when population of the same species are isolatedfrom each other and then developed into two different directions and ended up with two distinct species.Eric:Interesting.Pro:Yes,while she was there in the south of America,she collected a lot of linguistic information and sounds,really fascinating.Eric:Well.I hate to see her leave.Pro:Don't worry.She'll still be around.She's got lots of projects that she's still in themiddle of.1.why does the man go to see the professor􀁺To hand in a late assignment􀁺To find out about jobs in the department􀁺To discuss Dean Adam's current research􀁺To volunteer to help organize an event虽然先提到late essay，但那是教授要和学生说的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
IBT-SAT小马过河—专业备考社区
新托福听力话题分类（TPO真题1-19）
托福真题TPO迄今为止已经出了19套，其中听力部分话题种类很多：生物，人文历史，天文地理等等等等，学习的时候容易被
各种话题的专业词汇和情境弄得晕头转向^_^，因此，小马特别推出新托福听力话题分类及统计，供大家学习的时候针对性地作系统
练习：
1、新托福TPO1-19的听力话题分类——见下表1，每套题听力部分共6篇文章=2个conversation+4个lecture，每篇文章都作了话题
分类。
2、新托福听力话题分类统计——见下表2，每个话题下都归纳了相关文章的出处及编号。
新托福听力话题分类表的使用方法
1、了解常考的话题及最高频话题，有针对地系统学习话题。
根据表2的统计可以看出，托福听力最常考的话题是艺术，我们就可以
连续专攻表格列出的17篇艺术类的文章，系统地学习会比零散话题的学习收获更大，因为同样的话题，无论是词汇还是所谈论的对象，重复的几率相当大。
2、有针对地学习常考话题的专业词汇，再去听文章！听力专业词汇的出现频率远远高于abandon，可以让你背单词的时候事半功倍
哦^_^
托福听力专业词汇可以参考：托福听力分类词汇（12类）
/forum-viewthread-tid-12140-fromuid-2.html
3、与新托福TPO听力资源配合使用，新托福TPO全套资源下载链接：
新托福阅读TPO全套下载（TPO1-19）
/dl/topic/99d95d13ca6345b8b33cc600828a99b2
新托福听力TPO全套下载（TPO1-19）
/forum-viewthread-tid-84752-fromuid-254284.html
新托福写作TPO全套下载（TPO1-19）
/forum-viewthread-tid-92668-fromuid-254284.html
新托福口语TPO全套下载（TPO1-19）
/forum-viewthread-tid-92604-fromuid-254284.html
IBT-SAT小马过河—专业备考社区
新托福听力话题分类（TPO真题1-19）
SECTION1SECTION2
TPO
Conversation 1Lecture 1Lecture 2Conversation2Lecture 3Lecture 4
TPO1Library Contemporary Art Geology Professor Archeology Biology
TPO2rofessor sychology otany hilosophy stronomy
TPO3Registration Office Environmental Science Film History Professor Art History Astronomy
TPO4ibrary iology iterature rofessor eology Government TPO5Counseling Center Sociology Astronomy Professor Chemistry Literature
TPO6areer Service Office conomics iology rofessor reative Writing arth Science
TPO7Professor Theater History Biology Library Anthropology Geology
TPO8
TPO9Professor Theater Environmental Science Library Geology Linguistics
TPO10
TPO11Gym Biology Architecture Professor Environmental Science Business
TPO12Secretary Science TPO13Professor City Planning Ecology Language Lab Poetry Astronomy
TPO14
TPO15Faculty Advisor Psychology Biology Language Lab Poetry Astronomy
TPO16
TPO17Professor Art History Environmental Science Food Service Manager History Biology
TPO18Office story
TPO19Professor Linguistics Astronomy Director of Cafeteria Marine Biology Art History
IBT-SAT小马过河—专业备考社区
新托福听力话题分类统计（TPO真题1-19）
TOPIC TPO
TPO 1 Lecture 1TPO 3
Lecture 2
TPO 3
Lecture 3
TPO 4
Lecture 2
TPO 5
Lecture 4
TPO 6
Lecture 3
TPO 7
Lecture 1
TPO 8
Lecture 2
TPO 9
Lecture 1
Art
TPO 12
Lecture 3TPO 13
Lecture 3
TPO 15
Lecture 3
TPO 16
Lecture 2
TPO 16
Lecture 4
TPO 17
Lecture 1
TPO 18
Lecture 2
TPO 19
Lecture 4
Anthropology
Lecture 3TPO 7
Lecture 3
TPO 9
Lecture 4
TPO 14
Lecture 4
TPO 19
Lecture 1
Psychology TPO 2
Lecture 1
TPO 10
Lecture 4
TPO 14
Lecture 1
TPO 15
Lecture 1
Philosophy
Lecture 3
TPO 1 Lecture 4TPO 2
Lecture 2
TPO 4
Lecture 1
TPO 6
Lecture 2
TPO 7
Lecture 2
TPO 8
Lecture 1
TPO 10
Lecture 1
TPO 11
Lecture 1
TPO 12
Lecture 1
Biology
TPO 14
Lecture 2TPO 15
Lecture 4
TPO 16
Lecture 3
TPO 17
Lecture 4
TPO 18
Lecture 4
TPO 19
Lecture 3
Astronomy
Lecture 4TPO 3
Lecture 4
TPO 5
Lecture 2
TPO 13
Lecture 4
TPO 14
Lecture 3
TPO 18
Lecture 1
TPO 19
Lecture 2
Geology TPO 1
Lecture 2
TPO 4
Lecture 3
TPO 6
Lecture 4
TPO 7
Lecture 4
TPO 9
Lecture 3
TPO 15
Lecture 2
TPO 16
Lecture 1
Environmental
Science(Ecology)Lecture 1TPO 9
Lecture 2
TPO 10
Lecture 3
TPO 11
Lecture 3
TPO 12
Lecture 4
TPO 13
Lecture 2
TPO 17
Lecture 2
IBT-SAT小马过河—专业备考社区
Business (Economics)TPO 6
Lecture 1
TPO 11
Lecture 4
TPO 12
Lecture 2
Chemistry
Lecture 3TPO 8 Lecture 4
Architecture TPO 11
Lecture 2
TPO 13
Lecture 1
History
Lecture 3TPO 10
Lecture 2
TPO 17
Lecture 3
TPO 18
Lecture 3
ernment TPO4 Lecture 4
Sociology
O5
Lecture 1
小马过河X i a o m a.c o m——专业备考社区。