Grammar Focus 过去完成时
Unit12SectionAGrammarFocus-4c
1．概念
过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生
或完成了的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。
2．结构
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词＋其他．
(2)否定句：主语＋had not＋过去分词＋其他．
(3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
过去完成时
3．用法归纳 (1)常与before，by，by the time，by the end of等引导的时间状语 (从句)连用。状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去式。如： By the time/Before I came to this school，I had learned English.在来 这个学校之前，我已经在学英语了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状 态，与“for＋时间段”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。如： He had been ill for a week when he told me.当他告诉我时，他已经 病了一周了。
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _B_y_t_h_e__ti_m__e _I_g_o_t_t_o__sc_h_o_o_l_, _t_h_e_t_e_a_ch__er__ _h_a_d_c_o_l_le_c_t_e_d_t_h_e_m__a_t_h_h__o_m_e_w_o_r_k_._____
__h_a_d_s_t_a_r_t_ed_ (start) teaching. 3. We ___h_a_d__le_a_r_n__t _ (learn) over 1,000 words 4. bI y_h_tah__de_ec_nl_ed_a_on_fe_dla(sctletearnm) t.he room before he
过去完成时态
(5). since...
He had always stayed in his office since that morning.
(6).by the time
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. (7).when
汉译英
? 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？
How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?
? 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。
By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.
(1) She has taught 表示过去某时发 English for 6 years. 生的动作，这动 (2) “Where is 作可能刚刚停止, Susan” “She has 也可能还在进行。 gone to America”.
Grammar Focus (P77)
1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had＋过去分词
2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻 或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现 的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的 过去”。
6:00
7:00
现在
By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.
英语人教版九年级全册unit12 Grammar Focus
office when I decided to get a coffee
first.
5）就在我和别的工作人员一起排队 等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声 响。
As I ______ _______ ______ ______ with the other office workers, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
已经离开了。
大屏幕来完成填空练
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop,
习。
the bus ______ _______ _______.
4. 学生们完成填空试
4）我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再准 备去办公室，
题后，可以打开课本检 查答案，对错误的句 子，单独进行强化记
I ______ ______ ______ go up to my 忆。
3.在我拿书包以前我把门锁上了。
4.在她做完作业之前我妈妈已经回 来了。
教师行为
学生行为
课堂变化及处理
板 书 设计
☆补充设计☆
Grammar When I got up,my parents had left home for work. Before I arrived at the airport,the plane had already taken off. They had aread had breakfast before they got to the hotel. Most of the guests had left by the time he arrived at the party. The film had aready begun by the time i got to the cinema.
英语七下第二单元grammar focus原文
Grammar Focus1. Introduction在英语学习中，语法一直都是学习者们头疼的问题。
尤其是在初中阶段，语法的学习变得更加深入和复杂。
在英语七下第二单元中，我们将学习一些重要的语法知识，帮助大家更好地掌握英语语法。
2. The Present Continuous Tense现在进行时态是英语中的一种基本时态，表示正在进行的动作或者状态。
它的构成是由"be"动词的各种形式和现在分词构成的。
例如：I am reading a book.这个时态在英语中使用频率很高，所以我们要格外注意其用法。
3. The Past Continuous Tense过去进行时态表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或者状态。
它的构成形式是由"was/were"和现在分词构成的。
例如：They were playing football when I met them.学习过去进行时态的用法，可以帮助我们更好地理解英语中的动作表达。
4. The Future Continuous Tense将来进行时态表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或状态。
它的构成形式是由"will be"和现在分词构成的。
例如：I will be sleeping at 10 o'clock tonight.了解将来进行时态的用法，可以让我们更好地预测和表达将来的动作或状态。
5. The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。
它的构成形式是由"have/has"和过去分词构成的。
例如：She has lived in Beijing for 5 years.学习现在完成时态的用法可以帮助我们更好地区分它和其他时态的区别。
6. The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作或状态。
人教版九年级全册英语Unit12Grammarfocus
后发生 过去时
先发生 过去完成时
leave ---left ---left
The bus left
7:30
School Bus
7:40
now
当/到……时 I got outside
已经走了
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
后发生 过去时
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of words in the box.
the
rush out go into
forget show up
arrive at find out
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _h_a_d_ already _s_h_o_w_n_u__p__.
• 构成：由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构 成
Which action happened first?
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
后发生 过去时
先发生 过去完成时
引导时间状语从句：“到......时候”， 同when引导的时间状语从句。
A. collect
B. collected
C. have collected
D. had collected
4. Robert was very upset that most of his friends
______ when he ______ at the party.
Grammar Focus(4a-4c)
Grammar Focus(4a-4c)一、词汇预习:熟记下列单词及汉语意思1. 奶油2.workday3.pie4.bean5. 市场二、短语预习1. 赶到;露面2. 把……放进……3.find out4. 到达5. 进入6.by the end of三、语句预习1.show up的用法,教材原句:By the time I arrived at the party,everyone else had already . 当我到达晚会时,其他人都已经赶到了。
(P92)2.forget的用法,教材原句:When she arrived at the movie theater,she remembered she had forgottenher dog.当她到达电影院时,她想起她忘记喂狗了。
(P92)show的用法中考指数:★★★★1.八点了,我的哥哥还没出现。
他可能生病了。
It was eight o’clock.My brother didn’t yet.He might be ill.2.He is rich,but he doesn’t .A.show upB.show offC.on showD.show around辨析get to,arrive,reach中考指数:★★★★★1.昨天我是6点到家的。
I home at six o’clock yesterday.2.They will in Paris next Monday.A.getB.reachC.arriveforget的用法中考指数:★★★★★1.对不起,我忘记锁门了。
I’m sorry.I forgot the door.2.他忘记给我打过电话了,所以又打了一遍。
He forgot me,so he called me again.1.show的用法show既可以作动词,也可以作名词,作名词时意为“展览;表现;虚假的外观;表演”,作动词时意为“给……看;表现;露出;演示”。
Unit 12 Section A (Grammar Focus~4c)课件
提前完成的小组可思考其他问题，稍后可做补充回答。
学习目标
学习过程
学习总结
目标一: 能掌握过去完成时的用法
Activity
讨论时间过后，请四组的同学派代表依次回答下面 的问题。
Group 1：过去完成时的构成及用法？
Group 2：过去完成时常与哪些词引导的时间状语连用？
Group 3： 过去完成时和现在完成时、一般过去时的区别？
to add the green beans. n.豆
n.市场
3. By the time my mother came back from the market, I _h_a_d_ already
_r_u_s_h_e_d_o_u_t_ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _B_y__th_e__ti_m_e__I _g_o_t _to__s_ch_o_o_l_,_t_h_e_t_ea_c_h_e_r_h_a_d _c_o_ll_e_c_te_d_t_h_e_m__a_th__h_o_m_e_w__o_rk_.__________
② +将来的时间点， 主句用将来完成时； e.g. By the end of next month, I will have finished my new book.
到下个月结束时我将要完成我的新书。
学习目标
学习过程
学习总结
过去完成时和现在完成时、一般过去时的区别？
学习目标
学习过程
The bus left five minutes ago.
人教版新视野英语八年级下册Grammar-Focus翻译
人教版新视野英语八年级下册Grammar-Focus翻译本文档旨在提供《人教版新视野英语八年级下册》中的语法重点的翻译，并帮助学生更好地掌握这些知识点。
1. 时态的用法时态是英语中表达时间的一种重要方式，掌握不同时态的用法对于正确理解和表达意思至关重要。
- 一般现在时：用来表达经常性、惯性的动作或真理。
- 现在进行时：用来表达正在进行的动作。
- 一般过去时：用来表达过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
- 过去进行时：用来表达在过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
- 现在完成时：用来表达过去某个时间内发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
- 过去完成时：用来表达过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
2. 动词的变化形式动词的不同形式在句子中扮演着不同的角色，研究正确使用动词的变化形式对于句子的准确性非常重要。
- 动词的原形：表示动作的基本形式，常见的动词原形有 eat、sleep等。
- 动词的第三人称单数形式：在第三人称单数主语下，动词需要进行变化，如 eat 变为 eats。
- 动词的过去式形式：表示过去发生的动作，不同动词的过去式形式有所不同，如 go 变为 went。
- 动词的现在分词形式：表示正在进行的动作，常用动词的现在分词形式为 ing 结尾，如 playing。
- 动词的过去分词形式：表示已经完成的动作，常用动词的过去分词形式为 ed、en 结尾或不规则变化，如 eaten。
3. 从句的引导词从句是一个从属于主句的句子，通过特定的引导词来引导。
掌握不同引导词的用法可以帮助我们正确使用从句。
- 定语从句：用来对主句中的一个名词进行修饰或说明，常用的引导词有 who、which、that等。
- 状语从句：用来对主句中的动词、形容词或副词进行修饰或说明，常用的引导词有 when、where、because等。
- 名词性从句：用来作为主语、宾语或表语，常用的引导词有that、whether、if等。
4. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用于对两个或多个事物进行比较，掌握其用法可以帮助我们客观准确地描述事物的差别。
七下英语第3单元grammar focus翻译
七下英语第3单元grammar focus翻译（最新版）目录1.七下英语第 3 单元语法重点翻译2.一般过去时态的构成和用法3.一般将来时态的构成和用法4.现在进行时态的构成和用法5.过去进行时态的构成和用法6.将来进行时态的构成和用法7.现在完成时态的构成和用法8.过去完成时态的构成和用法9.将来完成时态的构成和用法10.现在完成进行时态的构成和用法11.过去完成进行时态的构成和用法12.将来完成进行时态的构成和用法正文在本篇文章中，我们将讨论七年级下学期英语第三单元的语法重点翻译。
在这个单元中，我们将学习一般过去时态、一般将来时态、现在进行时态、过去进行时态、将来进行时态、现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态以及现在完成进行时态和过去完成进行时态的构成和用法。
一般过去时态表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
它的构成是 be 动词的过去式加上动词的过去式。
例如：I was a student last year.（去年我是一个学生。
）一般将来时态表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态。
它的构成是 will/shall + 动词原形。
例如：I will/shall be a teacher in the future.（将来我会成为一名教师。
）现在进行时态表示现在正在进行的动作。
它的构成是 am/is/are + 动词的现在分词形式。
例如：I am studying English now.（我现在正在学习英语。
）过去进行时态表示过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。
它的构成是was/were + 动词的现在分词形式。
例如：I was studying English at 8 o"clock last night.（昨天晚上八点我正在学习英语。
）将来进行时态表示将来某个特定时间正在进行的动作。
它的构成是will/shall be + 动词的现在分词形式。
例如：I will be studying English at 8 o"clock tomorrow night.（明天晚上八点我将正在学习英语。
Grammar Focus
【2012湖北襄阳】36. —Why was he late for school yesterday? — He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _____ already _____. A. was, leaving B. has, left C. would, leave D. had, left 【2012绵阳市】6. When I called the bus service, I ________ that there was no more bus. A. was telling B. was told C. has told D. had told
到昨天晚上的时候, 他还没完成他的作业。 How many letters had you received by nine o’clock last night? 到昨晚九点,你收到了多少封信？
◆用法(1)
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词 后的宾语从句中, 通常用过去完成时。
3. We _________ them play basketball yesterday. A. see B. saw C. had seen D. have seen 4. They ________ a lot of kites in their classroom by last Sunday. A. were made B. had made C. are made D. have make
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓
语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文
来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生
的则用一般过去时。如：
GrammarFocus
3. How do I get to the Central Library? Can you tell me how to get to the Central Library?
4. Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on Mondays? I wonder if the Italian restaurant nearby is open on Mondays.
一、宾语从句的概念
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.
二、宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词） 语 序
时 态
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
I’d like to know when the bike shop closes.
4. Ben is wondering if there’s a bank in the shopping center. I’m wondering if there’s bank in the shopping center. Do you know whether there’s a bank in the shopping center? Could you please tell me if there’s a bank in the shopping center?
B: Sure. You go east along this street ...
1. Excuse me, do you know where I can buy a local phone card? 2. Pardon me, could you please tell me where the central bus station is? 3. Could you please tell me where the nearest supermarket is? 4. Excuse me, is there a fast food restaurant nearby?
Unit 12 grammar focus 过去完成时
表示过去某时发 生的动作，这动 作可能刚刚停止， 也可能还在进行。
(1) She said she had 表示过去某 taught English for 时之前发生 6 years. 的动作。 (2) By the time I got to London, she had gone to America. 现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
had done 9. They ________(do) the work by 11 o’clock yesterday morning. had left 10. The pop singers ___________(leave) when I got to the music hall last night. What a pity! 11. How clean the room is today! cleaned Oh, yes! Who _________(clean) it?
构成：had＋过去分词
肯定式：主语+had+p.p.+….
否定式： 主语+hadn’t+p.p.+…. 疑问式： Had+主语+p.p.+…?
肯定答语： Yes, 主语+had 否定答语： No， 主语+hadn’t
构成：had＋过去分词
1：I had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last week. 2：I hadn’t learnt 5000 English words by the end of last week. 3：Had you learnt 5000 English words by the end of last week? 4：How many English word had you learnt by the end of last week ?
单元语法小专题 (16)
classroom when I ________(get)home yesterday.
had kept got
had left
When I got home，my mother ________ ________ dinner. 13. The train had left when I got to the station.(改为一般疑问句)
( 3，000
had left had lain
fell
had learned/learnt
new clothes.
had invited
9. Thoamdns'tafiodutnhdat he ________(keep) the book for two weeks.
10. I suddenly remembered that I ________(leave)the key in my had run
She ________ ________ her homheawdonr'tkcyoeotk. ed
Had
left
had he
hadn't finished
She ________ ______ her homework ten minutes ago.
19. 我们已经看过这部电影了。
WBey________ ______ the movie. 20. 她已经离开她的家乡很多年了。
(3) 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.我昨天在街上碰见王涛了。自从 他去了北京，我们就没见过面了。
2019年grammar focus语文
Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧 重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现 在有关，其结构为“ have (has) + 过去分 词”。
I have learned 1,000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语 单词。
I had learned 1,000 English words till then.
He entered the room, turned on the light and
read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，看了一张晚报。
I (had) called her before I left the office. 我离开办公室之前就给她打了电话。
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words.
By the end of last year, he had worked
in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续 进行下去的可能）
到去年年底，他已经在这家工厂工作 了二十年。
6:00
7:00
现sister had already washed all the clothes.
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Grammar Focus 过去完成时
一用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.We_____（look forward to）the singer’s coming before the news arrived that he was delayed
by the bad weather.
2.He_____（wait）for two hours. He was still ______.（wait）
3.Mary_____（suffer）for ill health before he was sent to hospital.
4.I ____ (see) the film before.
5.Mary____（do）her homework at this time last night.
二完成句子
1. She________________________(一直在患重感冒)when she took the exam.
2. I ______________（一直在寻找）it for days before I found it.
3. He__________（多次提到）your name to me.
4. I___________________________(刚看了几分钟) when he came in.
5. The doctor asked what he______________________（一直在吃）。
三单选
1. It was midnight and he was tired because he ________ since dawn.
a. was working
b. has worked
c. had been working
d. has been working
2. His brother was good at playing table tennis. He______ it since he was ten.
a. had played
b. played
c. had been playing
d. was playing
3. —Why , Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I_____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
a.was painting
b.will be painting
c.have painted
d.have been painting
4. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant____ in his place, but , luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
a. gave
b. gives
c. was giving
d. had given
5. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he____ polite.
a. was just being
b. will just be
c. had just been
d. would just b
e.
6. The boy was delighted with his new storybook which he_____ for a long time.
a. was wanting
b. has wanted
c. has been wanting
d. had been wanting.
7. The man_____ there in the sun for a long time and got his face burnt.
a. has stood
b. was standing
c. had been standing
d. is standing
8. He said that he____ the novel and had not finished it yet.
a. is wiring
b. has written
c. writes
d. had been writing
9. —Was your journey to Mountain Emei pleasant last summer?
—No, it____ for five days when we arrived , so the roads were very muddy.
a.was raining
b.has rained
c.had been raining
d.has been raining
10. Not until then did people know that he_____important military information to the enemy for a long time.
a. sold
b. would sell
c. had sold
d. had been selling
11. The crazy fans____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait until the movie star arrived.
a. were waiting
b. had been waiting
c. had waited
d. would wait
12. He___ photos along the lake before he saw a boy fall into the water.
a. had been taking
b. have been taking
c. had taken
d. have taken
13. Tom_____ in the library every night over the last three months.
a. works
b. worked
c. has been working
d. had been working。