Conspicuous consumption in China经济学家读译 中英对照
新进阶3综合unit2答案（20210109231853）
新进阶3综合unit2答案New Progressive College English Book III UNIT 2 Conspicuous Consumption课程名称大学英语（三）使用教材新进阶大学英语综合教程（3）授课内容Text Who Are the Joneses and Why Are WeTrying to keep Up with Them? (精读)Reading Stop Keeping Up with theJoneses-They’re Broke (泛读)授课学时 6教学目的1. Have a thorough understanding of the text contextually and linguistically2. Talk about the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods3. Conduct group discussion centering on the “fuerdai” phenomenon in China4. Become familiar with expository writing教学重点与难点1. Analyze the structure and grasp the main idea of Text2. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text3. Learn some techniques in writing4. Critical thinking教学方法与手段1. Audio-visual method and audio-lingual method.2. Task-based language teaching method3. Communicative approach4. Using CAI, PPT5. Smart teaching (using online tools or materials)教学过程1. Lead-in ActivitiesStep 1. Warm-up activitiesStep 2. Discussion about the topic2. Global ReadingStep 1. Approaching the themeStep 2. Analyzing the text organization3. Detailed ReadingStep 1. Understanding the text in a deeper level Step 2. Learning useful expressionsStep 3. Learning difficult sentences structuresStep 4. Learning new words作业Assignments:1. Read the text in Reading 2 and finish the exercises2. Write an expository writing3. Preview the next unit.UNIT 2 Conspicuous Consumption1. Teaching Objectives:Students will be able toA. Have a thorough understanding of the text contextually and linguisticallyB. Talk about the conspicuous consumption of luxury goodsC. Conduct group discussion centering on the “fuerdai” phenomenon in ChinaD. Become familiar with expository writing2. Time Allotment:1st Period: Lead-in Activities (Warm-up activities; Discussion about the topic)2nd Period: Global-reading (Text: Approaching the theme; analyzing the text organization) 3rd Period: Detailed reading (Understanding the Text A in a deeper level, analyzing difficult sentence structures)4th Period: Detailed reading Activities (Learning new words, summarizing good usage)5th Period: Comprehending Reading 1 (Skimming the text, explaining the difficult sentences of the Text, doing sentence translation))6th Period: After-reading Activities (Viewing and Listening; Speaking; Assignments)3. Teaching Procedures:3.1 Lead-in ActivitiesStep 1. Warm-up activitiesAsk Ss to listen to a song and fill in the missing words in the lyrics.Have Ss work in pairs. One student asks the other the questions in Opener, the other answers. Then switch roles.Method: PPT, communicative approach.Step 2: Discussion about the topicIntroduce the topic of the unit to Ss either in English or Chinese: Sometimes people buy things just for the purpose of showing that they are richer, or have better taste than others. Expensive brand-name goods can serve this purpose, and are often wanted precisely because they are expensive. Whether spending money in this way is good, bad or simply silly is something weare going to explore.Method: Using task-based language teaching method, communicative approach.3.2 Global readingStep 1. Approaching the themeAsk Ss to take a look at the Culture Notes, or ask them to do some further reading before class about the idiom “keep up with the Joneses”, its origins and its social impact,etc.Guide Ss to explore the text to fide the meaning and origin of the expression “keep up with the Joneses”, how this phenomenon came into being, and what we should do to rid ourselves ofthe pressure of keeping up with the Joneses.Method: PPT; communicative approach.Step.2 Analyzing the text organizationThe teacher tells students that the text can be divided into three parts which have been givenin the Text Organization. Then students should summarize the main idea of each part and compare notes with each other.Parts Paragraphs Functions Main IdeasPart One Para. 1-2Bringing up the social phenomenonof conspicuous consumptionThe meaning and origin of theexpression “keep up with theJoneses”Part Two Paras. 3-6Explaining how it occurs and why How the phenomenon of keeping upwith the Joneses came into being and why people buy into it.Part Three Paras. 7-10Exploring ways of dealing with it What we should do to free ourselvesfrom the pressure of keeping up withthe Joneses.Method: skimming and scanning, communicative approach3.3 Detailed Reading3.3.1 Procedure1) Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and for each paragraph (sometimestwo-three paragraphs), invite students to answer questions related difficult sentences andunderstanding of each paragraph.2) Help Ss find out the good usage in the text and underlined them.3) Learn new words in details.Purpose: Further understand the text and train scanning ability to learn difficult sentencestructures as well as new words and expressions.Method:Reading the text together; Using task-based language teaching method, readingapproach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach.Step 1. Questions related difficult sentences and understanding of each paragraph.Paras.2Q. Where does the phrase “Keeping up with the Joneses” come from?A: It comes from a cartoon strip of the same title launched by Pop Momand in 1913.Para.3&4Q: Why were we not aware of what the Joneses were doing prior to the late 1880s?A: Prior to the late 1880s, mass media was not born. We were only concerned about making ourown living.Para.4Q: What was the ready solution provided by magazines in order for us to catch up with theJoneses?A: The ready solution was to buy products that were advertised.Para.9Q: Where do true happiness and joy come from, if they are not anything money can buy?A: True happiness and joy come from within.Paras.10Q: What are we supposed to do to stop keeping up with the Joneses?A: Instead of buying into the message that we’re not good enough, we should have positiveself-regard. We should realize we don’t have to buy things to impress others.3.3.2 Language Focus3.3.2.1 Difficult sentences:1) I’d love to say that need vanished when the last episode of that comic strip ran, but alas, itseems to have only gotten worse. (Para. 2)I would like to say that need disappeared when the comic strip came to an end, but it seems thatthings have turned from bad to worse instead.我多么想说，随着最后一集连环漫画的结束，这一心态也不复存在了。
《经济学家》读译参考：印度经济过热－欲赶超中国必先深化
The world economy India overheats Feb 1st 2007 From The Economist print editionIndia cannot run as fast as China without further reform THE Indian tiger is on the prowl[1]. This week, in an apt piece of symbolism, Tata Steel, which dates back to the days of the Raj, leapt into the league of top producers when it bought Britain's Corus, which includes the steelmaking remnants of the old imperial power. Nor is Tata alone: younger Indian companies such as Infosys and Wipro are storming international markets. Meanwhile, the world's business people and investors queue up to lavish money on India's talented engineers and computer scientists, The roar from Delhi is echoing across Asia. After peevish[2] years cast as China's underperforming neighbour, the huntress is now in hot pursuit. Over the past year the Indian economy has grown by an impressive 9.2%, not far behind China's 10.4%. At some point this year India's growth rate could even outpace China's; and if you measure things by purchasing power parity, India should soon overtake Japan and become the third-biggest economy, behind only America and China. No wonder an increasing number of Indian businessmen, policymakers and economists are basking[3] in the belief that their country is burning bright having at last broken free of its bureaucratic cage. An economy once famous for the “Hindu rate of growth”, of 3% a year, was opened up by the reforms of the 1990s, many of them pushed through by the man who is now prime minister, Manmohan Singh. His government's latest five-year plan assumes that India can sustain average growth of 9%. Who can doubt “Incredible India”, to borrow the slogan of its tourism campaign?Tweaking the long tail ” Fast growth is essential to pull millions of Indians out of poverty, so it is sad to pour cold water on this story. But that is precisely what is needed when there are so many alarming signs of overheating. Across India prices are rising fast, factories are at full capacity, loans are piling up. Yes, the economic reforms of the early 1990s spurred competition, forced firms to become more productive and boosted India's trend—or sustainable—rate of growth. But the problem is that this new speed limit is almost certainly lower than the government's one. Historic data would suggest a figure not much above 7%—well below China's 9-10%. When you mention overheating, many analysts point towards China. Yet India displays far more symptoms of the disease. Inflation has risen to 6-7% （compared with 2.8% in China）; a record 99% of Indian firms report that they are operating above their optimal capacity; and credit is expanding at an annual rate of 30%, twice as fast as in China. Unlike China, India also has a widening current-account deficit—a classic sign of overheating, as domestic output fails to keep pace with surging demand. And if you are looking for a stockmarket bubble, Indian share prices have risen more than four-fold over the past four years, far more than in China. If something is not done, then a hard landing will become inevitable. The Reserve Bank of India has been too timid in cooling down domestic demand: although one interest rate was raised this week by a quarter point, the overall rise in rates over the past two and a half years has not even kept up with consumer-price inflation. But the main focus of the government's attention should be on supply—and dismantling[4] the many barriers that keep its speed limit below China's. So far, reform in India has focused on setting its inventive private sector free from the world's most fearsome bureaucracy. This has unleashed[5] entrepreneurial talent, but more change is needed. Now is the time to tackle the public sector itself. Infrastructure, such as roads and power, and public services, such as education and drinking water, are woefully inadequate and limit growth. Even as the economy has been booming, many public services have worsened. It seems incongruous that somebody can own a mobile phone, yet has to waste hours queuing for drinking water. India's top computer scientists are feted[6] around the world, yet most children in rural areas lack the basic education needed to find more productive work. Around half of all Indian women are illiterate, compared with a ratio of around one in seven in China. Singh's songsheet India's rulers have two bad excuses for not dealing with those roads, schools and hospitals. The first is theoretical. Many Indian economic commentators say that further structural reforms, though desirable, are not essential to keep the economy growing at 8% or more because of the “demographic dividend”. A fast-growing working population and a falling dependency rate （thanks to a lower birth rate） will ensure more workers, more saving and hence more investment. India's demographic structure is indeed starting to look more like that in East Asia when its growth took off. But thismechanistic view of growth assumes that demography is destiny and that economic policies do not matter. In fact, open markets, education and investment, especially in infrastructure, were the three chief ingredients of East Asia's success. Population growth by itself does not add to prosperity, unless young people are educated and new jobs are created. India needs to reform its absurdly restrictive labour laws which hold back the expansion of manufacturing particularly. The second excuse for doing nothing is practical: there is little room to spend more on schools and hospitals. India already has one of the biggest budget deficits among the large emerging economies （as much as 8% of GDP going by the widest measure）. In fact, plenty can be achieved by reform, rather than just spending. Private investors are hesitant about putting money in infrastructure, because the regulators are not independent enough of populist politicians to guarantee a decent return. If these things can be tackled, India can indeed match China's growth. Mr Singh remains a reformer, but his government relies on the support of the communist parties and, with today's prosperity, there is no stomach to take them on. The worry is that today's overheating will need to boil over before that mindset changes. [NOTES]（LONGMAN） 1. （be/go） on the prowl （be/go） prowling ⼩⼼⽽悄悄的移动; 徘徊（觅⾷）: There was a fox on the prowl near the chicken coop. 有只狐狸在鸡舍附近踅来踅去. * （joc 谑） The soldiers went on the prowl hoping to meet some girls. 这些⼤兵逛来逛去, 希望碰上花姑娘. 2. peevish adj. easily annoyed （esp by unimportant things）; irritable 易怒的（尤指对⼩事）; 急躁的. 3. bask v. [I, Ipr] ~ （in sth） sit or lie enjoying warmth 坐著或躺著取暖: basking in the sunshine, by the fire, on the beach 在阳光下、⽕炉旁、海滩上取暖 * （fig ⽐喻） basking in sb's favour, approval, etc 受某⼈的恩惠、嘉许等. 4. dismantle v. 1 take （sth） to pieces 将（某物）拆开; 拆除（某物）: dismantle a faulty motor, machine, etc （for repairs）把有⽑病的发动机、机器等拆开（以便修理） * dismantle an exhibition, a theatrical set, etc 把所有展品、戏剧布景等拆除 * （fig ⽐喻） We should dismantle our inefficient tax system. 我们这个效益很差的税收制度应该废除. 2 remove fittings and furnishings from （a building or ship）拆除（建筑物或船只）的装备. 5. unleash v. [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth （against/on sb/sth）（a） set sth free from a leash or restraint 解开带⼦或去掉限制以放开（某事物）: unleash the guard dogs 解开带⼦放出警卫⽝. （b）（fig ⽐喻） set sth free from control; release sth in a powerful attack （on sb/sth）使某物不受控制; 放出某物对（某⼈[某物]）进⾏强有⼒的攻击: unleash the forces of nuclear power 发出核动⼒的攻击⼒ * He unleashed a torrent of abuse againstthe unfortunate shop assistant. 他对那倒霉的店员骂不绝⼝. 6. fete v. [Tn esp passive 尤⽤於被动语态] honour or entertain （sb） in a special way 特别款待或招待（某⼈）: The queen was feted wherever she went. ⼥王不论⾛到哪⾥都受到盛情款待.。
炫耀性消费与消费的异化
炫耀性消费与消费的异化Mg1002019 西方经济李乾佑炫耀性消费（conspicuous consumption），指的是富裕的上层阶级通过对物品的超出实用和生存所必需的浪费性、奢侈性和铺张浪费，向他人炫耀和展示自己的金钱财力和社会地位，以及这种地位所带来的荣耀、声望和名誉。
这是凡勃伦在《有闲阶级论》提出的一个概念。
随着西方社会由生产主导型社会（production-oriented society）向消费主导型社(consumption-oriented society)的全面转变，消费问题本身越来越受到学界的关注，这一概念也越来越被提及。
的经济学家们将这种炫耀性消费的商品称之为凡勃伦物品，甚至画出了一条向上倾斜的需求曲线——价格越高，需求量越大。
经济学家们发现，凡勃伦物品包含两种效用，一种是实际使用效用，另外一种是炫耀性消费效用，而后者由价格决定，价格越高，炫耀性消费效用就越高，凡勃伦物品在市场上也就越受欢迎。
这和一般的需求曲线是不同的，和吉芬商品需求曲线相似，但是吉芬商品的另一极，我们也称这种商品为奢侈品。
炫耀性消费是一种消费的异化。
这种消费的异化是消费主体、消费目的的异化和消费行为的异化。
消费主体的异化是指人的方面的异化，消费的目的、心理、身份等方面发生异化，使得主体在消费中发生了向对立面转化。
消费主体通过消费达到一种心理和身份方面的认同，消费不是消费消费品本身，而是消费消费品的符号，消费品本身基础的功效变得次要，而消费品符号变重要了。
人们在消费中本应从自身的生存发展的客观需要出发，但异化的消费却表现为主体从占有的欲望、炫耀夸示出发，为了消费而消费。
在消费中，人们无视于商品的使用价值和人的真正需要，只专注于去满足占有物的无限的欲望。
比如，有些人购买商品或服务的目的并不是为了商品或服务的使用价值，而只是为了显示自身的身份地位、炫耀财富，专注于去满足无限占有。
甚至认为对物的占有就等于对幸福和美好生活的拥有。
新进阶3综合unit2答案
新进阶3综合unit2答案New Progressive College English Book III UNIT 2 Conspicuous Consumption1. Teaching Objectives:Students will be able toA. Have a thorough understanding of the text contextually and linguisticallyB. Talk about the conspicuous consumption of luxury goodsC. Conduct group discussion centering on the “fuerdai” phenomenon in ChinaD. Become familiar with expository writing2. Time Allotment:1st Period: Lead-in Activities (Warm-up activities; Discussion about the topic)2nd Period: Global-reading (Text: Approaching the theme; analyzing the text organization) 3rd Period: Detailed reading (Understanding the Text A in a deeper level, analyzing difficult sentence structures)4th Period: Detailed reading Activities (Learning new words, summarizing good usage) 5th Period: Comprehending Reading 1 (Skimming the text, explaining the difficult sentences of the Text, doing sentence translation))6th Period: After-reading Activities (Viewing and Listening; Speaking; Assignments)3. Teaching Procedures:3.1 Lead-in ActivitiesStep 1. Warm-up activitiesAsk Ss to listen to a song and fill in the missing words in the lyrics.Have Ss work in pairs. One student asks the other the questions in Opener, the other answers. Then switch roles.Method: PPT, communicative approach.Step 2: Discussion about the topicIntroduce the topic of the unit to Ss either in English or Chinese: Sometimes people buy things just for the purpose of showing that they are richer, or have better taste than others. Expensive brand-name goods can serve this purpose, and are often wanted precisely because they are expensive. Whether spending money in this way is good, bad or simply silly is something we are going to explore.Method: Using task-based language teaching method, communicative approach.3.2 Global readingStep 1. Approaching the themeAsk Ss to take a look at the Culture Notes, or ask them to do some further reading before class about the idiom “keep up with the Joneses”, its origins and its social impact, etc.Guide Ss to explore the text to fide the meaning and origin of the expression “keep up with the Joneses”, how this phenomenon came into being, and what we should do to rid ourselves of the pressure of keeping up with the Joneses.Method: PPT; communicative approach.Step.2 Analyzing the text organizationThe teacher tells students that the text can be divided into three parts which have been given in the Text Organization. Then students should summarize the main idea of each part andMethod: skimming and scanning, communicative approach3.3 Detailed Reading3.3.1 Procedure1) Students are asked to read the passage carefully again and for each paragraph (sometimestwo-three paragraphs), invite students to answer questions related difficult sentences and understanding of each paragraph.2) Help Ss find out the good usage in the text and underlined them.3) Learn new words in details.Purpose: Further understand the text and train scanning ability to learn difficult sentence structures as well as new words and expressions.Method:Reading the text together; Using task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach, grammar-translation approach.Step 1. Questions related difficult sentences and understanding of each paragraph. Paras.2Q. Where does the phrase “Keeping up with the Joneses” come from?A: It comes from a cartoon strip of the same title launched by Pop Momand in 1913.Para.3&4Q: Why were we not aware of what the Joneses were doing prior to the late 1880s?A: Prior to the late 1880s, mass media was not born. We were only concerned about making our own living.Para.4Q: What was the ready solution provided by magazines in order for us to catch up with the Joneses?A: The ready solution was to buy products that were advertised.Para.9Q: Where do true happiness and joy come from, if they are not anything money can buy?A: True happiness and joy come from within.Paras.10Q: What are we supposed to do to stop keeping up with the Joneses?A: Instead of buying into the message that we’re not good enough, we should have positive self-regard. We should realize we don’t have to buy things to impress others.3.3.2 Language Focus3.3.2.1 Difficult sentences:1) I’d love to say that need vanished when the last episode of that comic strip ran, but alas, it seems to have only gotten worse. (Para. 2)I would like to say that need disappeared when the comic strip came to an end, but it seems that things have turned from bad to worse instead.我多么想说，随着最后一集连环漫画的结束，这一心态也不复存在了。
奢侈品消费行为的经济学分析
奢侈品消费行为的经济学分析作者：西贝天雨来源：《中国经贸·下半月》2013年第03期摘要：奢侈品是与必需品相对应产生的，国内外的许多专家也对我国的奢侈品消费行为进行了分析，但是有的报道并不符合实际，多数的问题都是片面的夸大了中国奢侈品消费人群在国际市场中的地位。
基于这样的报道，本文从中国消费者对奢侈品的实际消费能力出发，从微观经济学的角度，从供求关系和吉芬商品两个方面来分析一下我国奢侈品的消费行为。
关键词：奢侈品；消费；行为一、经济学相关概念界定1.奢侈品奢侈品（Luxury）在国际上被定义为“一种超出人们生存与发展需要范围的，具有独特、稀缺、珍奇等特点的消费品”，又称为非生活必需品。
奢侈品在经济学上讲，指的是价值/品质关系比值最高的产品。
从另外一个角度上看，奢侈品又是指无形价值/有形价值关系比值最高的产品。
一般认为，奢侈品的消费是一种高档消费的行为。
2.供求供求是一种商品的供给量是指生产者在一定时期内在各种可能的价格下愿意而且能够提够出售的该商品的数量。
3.供给函数虽未供求函数其实是表示一种商品的供给量和该商品价格之间存在着一一对应的关系。
4.商品的供给曲线商品供求曲线是根据供给表中商品的不同价格—供给量组合在平面坐标图上所绘制的一条曲线。
5.吉芬商品吉芬商品（Giffen Goods），只是经济学当中的一个名词而以，它是指在其他因素不变的情况下，某种商品的价格如果上升，消费者对其需求量反而增加的商品。
是商品数量与商品价格同方向变化的商品。
二、奢侈品供求关系分析1.奢侈品消费现状随着中国经济的不断发展，居民的消费水品有了大幅度增加，据相关数据显示，我国已经成为世界第二大奢侈品消费国，仅次于日本。
专家预测，中国正在逐渐的变成奢侈品消费的主力军，同时也把中国誉为“最具潜力的奢侈品消费国”。
奢侈品在短短的几年中，就在中国这个大市场上快速成长和传播，对于奢侈品的需求量远远超过了经济学理论中均衡量。
经济学家阅读Unpaid wages in China
Unpaid wages in ChinaCan’t pay, won’t payCompanies’cash is drying up, with dire consequences for their workersOct 29th 2011 | BEIJING | from the print editionAll work, no payEFFORTS to curb inflation in China are having some painful side-effects. A squeeze on bank lending has prompted some businesses short of cash to stop paying wages to blue-collar workers. Even the much-vaunted state sector is feeling the pinch. Work has all but ground to a halt on thousands of kilometres of railway track, and many of the network’s 6m construction workers have been complaining about not being paid for weeks or sometimes months.Migrant workers from China’s vast countryside are usually the first to sufferwhen employers find themselves strapped for cash. In February a revision to the criminal law made it illegal for a company to withhold salary if it had the means to pay. This has done little to protect the more than 150m rural migrants who perform most of the country’s manual labour. A household-registration system that discriminates against migrants in employment, housing, health care and education reinforces a widespread tendency to treat them as second-class citizens.The government touted building railways as a great way to keep the economy buoyant during global financial trouble, and boost employment. But the $600 billion stimulus launched in 2008 is all but spent. Indeed, the central government has urged state banks to cut back on lending in order to curb inflation, which in the year to July reached a three-year high of 6.5%, before dropping to 6.1% in September.In recent weeks a credit crisis in the eastern city of Wenzhou has led to the flight of dozens of businessmen, leaving thousands of workers at private companies unpaid. State firms are little better off. After two record years of track-laying, the problems now facing the railway-building industry are severe. The government has had a change of heart about rapidly expanding the high-speed rail network following a fatal crash of two high-speed trains in July. But bank credit drying up has also played a big part. China Daily, an English-langu age newspaper, says many of the industry’s migrant workers have not been paid for months. Complaints have been growing. A senior railway official quoted in the state media said workers at China Railway Engineering Corporation, one of the country biggest civil-engineering firms, had submitted more than 2,000 petitions to the authorities since July. Another newspaper, Economic Information Daily, said wage arrears and protests by rail workers had “alarmed” top leaders in Beijing. Only a third of railway construction projects were continuing normally, it said.Similar problems have also been reported in road building and property construction, prompting a growing number of demonstrations and violent incidents, including clashes with employers and suicides. Such difficulties are likely to get worse towards the end of the year, when companies traditionally try to settle accounts with employees. Wage inflation is adding to employers’ woes. Minimum wages have risen by an average of nearly 22% in the two-thirds of Chi na’s provinces which have adjusted them this year. Nice if you can get it, but not much use if you are not being paid at all.。
chinadaily经济类新闻 中英对照版 口译必备
【Top News】>Daughters more popular英媒:房价削中国重男风High property prices and economic development have begun to erode China's traditional preference for sons, leading to a rise in the number of Chinese parents who say they want a daughter, the Financial Times of London reported Tuesday. The conventional wisdom - that China is a land of unwanted girls - is being changed as urbanization erodes the advantage of having sons to work the fields and support parents in old age. Rising property prices are also driving the change because Chinese families must traditionally buy an apartment for a son before he marries. As a result, Internet chat groups have sprang up where women exchange advice on how to conceive girls.英国《金融时报》2日称，中国的高房价和经济发展开始削弱人们重男轻女的传统风气，越来越多的父母表示更喜欢女儿。
文章称，城市化削弱了有儿子的优势，如儿子可以下田劳作、养老送终，因此"养女多余"的传统思想正渐行渐远。
绿色消费的概念在中国日渐流行英语作文
绿色消费的概念在中国日渐流行英语作文Green Consumption Concept Gaining Popularity in ChinaThe concept of green consumption has been steadily gaining traction in China in recent years as the country grapples with pressing environmental challenges. As the world's second-largest economy and a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, China has recognized the urgent need to adopt more sustainable consumption patterns and promote environmentally-friendly practices among its vast population.One of the key drivers behind the rise of green consumption in China is the government's concerted efforts to address the country's environmental woes. The Chinese government has implemented a range of policies and initiatives aimed at promoting eco-friendly behaviors and reducing the country's carbon footprint. This includes the introduction of stricter environmental regulations, the provision of financial incentives for the adoption of green technologies, and the launch of public awareness campaigns to educate citizens about the importance of sustainable consumption.As a result of these initiatives, Chinese consumers are becomingincreasingly aware of the environmental impact of their purchasing decisions and are actively seeking out products and services that are eco-friendly and sustainable. This shift in consumer behavior is particularly evident among the country's growing middle class, who are often more affluent and educated, and are therefore more receptive to the message of green consumption.One of the most prominent manifestations of the green consumption trend in China is the rise of the organic food market. In recent years, there has been a surge in demand for organic and locally-sourced produce, as Chinese consumers become more concerned about the safety and environmental impact of conventional agricultural practices. This has led to the rapid expansion of organic farming and the proliferation of specialized organic food stores and online platforms.Similarly, the demand for energy-efficient and renewable energy-powered products has also been on the rise in China. From electric vehicles to solar-powered appliances, Chinese consumers are increasingly opting for products that minimize their carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future. This trend is further bolstered by government incentives and subsidies, which have made these eco-friendly products more accessible and affordable to the general public.Another area where the green consumption concept is gaining traction in China is the fashion and textile industry. Driven by growing concerns about the environmental impact of fast fashion and the use of harmful chemicals in textile production, Chinese consumers are increasingly seeking out sustainable and ethically-produced clothing and accessories. This has led to the emergence of a thriving market for eco-friendly fashion brands, many of which are catering to the growing demand for sustainable fashion.The rise of the sharing economy in China is also closely linked to the green consumption trend. As Chinese consumers become more conscious of the environmental impact of overconsumption, they are increasingly embracing the concept of collaborative consumption, where products and services are shared rather than individually owned. This has led to the proliferation of various sharing platforms, from bike-sharing schemes to co-working spaces, which are helping to reduce resource waste and promote a more sustainable lifestyle.Despite the significant progress made in promoting green consumption in China, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main hurdles is the perceived higher cost of eco-friendly products, which can be a deterrent for price-sensitive consumers. Additionally, there is a need for greater transparency and trust in the sustainability claims made by businesses, as some consumers remain skeptical about the authenticity of green productsand services.To overcome these challenges, the Chinese government and the private sector will need to work together to further strengthen the infrastructure and incentives for green consumption. This may involve investments in sustainable supply chains, the development of robust certification and labeling systems, and the implementation of comprehensive public awareness campaigns to educate consumers about the benefits of sustainable consumption.As China continues to grapple with the environmental consequences of its rapid economic growth, the adoption of green consumption practices will become increasingly crucial. By embracing the concept of sustainable consumption, Chinese consumers can play a vital role in shaping a more environmentally-responsible future for the country and the world. The journey towards a greener, more sustainable China is well underway, and the momentum is only expected to grow in the years to come.。
进阶精读 3 unit 2
Unit 2 Conspicuous ConsumptionI. Objectives:Students are required to be able to1. Have a thorough understanding of the next contextually and linguistically2. Expand their vocabulary about conspicuous consumption and know how to use the keywords and expressions in context properly3. Talk about the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, how it has come into being andthe effects it might have on society4. Conduct group discussions centering on the “fuerdai”(the second generation of the richkids)5. Become familiar with expository writing, whose purpose is to convey information and explain ideasII. Importance and difficulties:1. Inverted word order:not; never; hardly; seldom; only; only before; only after; only when; only if; up the hill and down the valley;2. Analysis of some complex sentences;3. To learn to appreciate the reading skills demonstrated in the text.III. Teaching methods:1. Blackboard (with detailed explanations and analysis of the text);2. Multi-media (to display the lead-in and background information of the text);3. Discussion (to divide students to several groups to discuss what characteristics are needed fora person to be successful.)IV. Teaching-Steps:1. Opener (for one class)a. Read the culture notes about “keeping up with the Jones” on page 41 and listen to the song “Hot Country Singles”b. What is this song about?c. If your friends are using a smart phone of the most popular brand, will you feel the need to buy one, too?2. Reading & Interacting (for three classes)a. New words and phrases of Reading & Interacting;b. Give a brief introduction of the general idea of the story told in the text;c. Ask the students to read through the text and text and then divide the passage into several parts;d. Learn the text and give specific analysis and explanations;e. Do the exercises related to the text.3. Reading1, Reading 2 & Integrated Skills Practicing (for two classes)a. Ask the students to do the Reading 1 and Reading 2 before the class, and then check the answers in class, offering necessary guides;b. Ask the students to list some factors that drive conspicuous consumption in China. Studentsmay refer to the “Why We Do It” section in the text.V. Language Points:1. strive for：make great efforts to achieve or obtain (sth.) 努力，力求e.g. We strive for perfection but sometimes have to accept something less than perfect.2. be content with: be satisfied with, not wishing for more 对...满意，对...感到满足e.g. I’d be content with a modest income.3. keep up with: move or progress at the same rate跟上e.g. Wages are failing to keep up with inflation.4. derive from: have sth. as a starting-point, source or origin; come from 源自，源于e.g. Thousands of English words derive from experience.5. poke fun at: make fun of 嘲弄，开玩笑e.g. Many late night comedy shows pole fun at politicians.6. I’d love to say that need canished when the last episode of that comic strip ran, but alas, itseems to have only gotten worse. (para.2)I would like to say that need disappeared when the comic strip came to an end, but it seems that things have turned from bad to worse instead.7. vanish: vi. Pass out of sight , especially quickly; disappear 消失，突然不见e.g: We ran out after the thief, but he had vanished without a trace.8. episode: n. one of a series of scenes or stories constituting a literary work 片段，插曲e.g. It was an episode in his life that he’d like to forget.9. core: n. the central and most important part of sth. 核心e.g. A desire ofr justice is at the core of his arguments.10. come into being: 形成，产生e.g. A booking contract between a hotel and a guest may come into being in several different ways.11. open up: Cause to open 展开，打开e.g. The sales manager wants to open up new markets in the Far East.12. make a living：谋生e.g. She was struggling to make a living as a dancer.13. for that matter: as far as that is concerned就此而言，在这一问题上e.g. Do not talk like that to your mother, or to anyone else for that matter.14. uncertain: a. not completely certain; not known or definite 不确定的，不确知的e.g. She’s uncertain whether to go to New Zealand or not.15. perceive: vt. become aware of 感知到，意识到e.g.：New techonology is perceived by some people to be a threat to employment.16. out of date: no longer fashinable过时的，不再流行的e.g. That radio looks so out of date.17. vicious: a. acting or done with evil intentions 恶意的e.g. The police said that this was one of the most vicious attacks they’d ever seen on a helpless victim.18. cycle: n. a seres of events that are regularly repearted in the same order 循环e.g. The explosion in downtown Istanbul threw Turkey into another cycle of violence19. guilt: n. a feeling of having done sth. wrong or failed in an obligation 内疚，不安e.g. Her husband’s death left her with an overwhelming sense of guilt.20. most of all: to a greater degree than anyone or anything else尤其是e.g. What I want most of all is to spend more time with my little daughter.21. put it best/well/cleverly, etc.: express the best/a good/ clever way极好地，很好地e.g. The professor put it best when he said, “How you look tells the world how you feel.”22. cultural: a. of re relating to the ideas, customs, and socilal behavior of a society 文化的e.g. Australia has its own cultural identity, which is very different from that of Britain.23. meaningless: a. having no meaning or significance 无意义的e.g. Newton’s laws are meaningless equations until we know how to apply them.24. attribute sth. to sb./sth.：regard sth. as being caused by把…归因于e.g. He liked to attribute his success to a “lucky break”25. website: n. 网址e.g. If you have any problems, consult the FAQs on our website.26. advocate: vt. publicly recommend or support 提倡，拥护e.g. There is no point advocating improved public transport unless we can pay for it.27. ultimately: ad. in the end; finally 最后，最终e.g. Technological advances could ultimately lead to even more job losses.28. buy into: believe in, especially wholeheartedly or uncritically 接受，相信e.g. It’s disappointing to learn so many girls toady still buy into fantasy that men are naturally more ambitious.29. So it’s time to take some pressure off yourself and stop trying to keep up with the Joneses—or anyone else for that matter. (para.8)So it’s time to rid yourself of the pressure/ free yourself from the pressure and stop trying to keep up with the Joneses. Nor should you try to keep up with anyone else.30. look back on: think about (sth.) that happened in the past 回顾e.g. Most people look back on their school days with fondness.VI. Reference Books:Unit 2 of New Progressive College English Integrated Course 3 (Teacher’s Book)VII. Homework:Writing: study the graph on page 60 carefully and write an essay on the topic The Rapid Increase of Private Car Ownership in Urban China.。
关于炫耀性消费的看法英语作文
关于炫耀性消费的看法英语作文英文回答：Conspicuous consumption, a term coined by economist Thorstein Veblen, refers to the ostentatious display of wealth and material possessions with the primary motivation of enhancing social status and attracting admiration. While it can stimulate economic growth in the short term, it often leads to negative social, environmental, and psychological consequences in the long run.One of the key drivers of conspicuous consumption is the desire for social validation and recognition. Individuals may engage in extravagant spending to demonstrate their wealth and status, hoping to gain admiration and acceptance from others. This can create a competitive and materialistic culture where individuals constantly strive to outdo each other in terms of material possessions.Conspicuous consumption can also have detrimental environmental impacts. The production of luxury goods often involves unsustainable practices, such as excessive resource extraction and waste generation. Moreover, the desire for the latest and greatest products can lead to rapid disposal of items, contributing to landfill waste and pollution.Furthermore, conspicuous consumption can have negative psychological effects on individuals. It can fosterfeelings of inadequacy and envy, as people compare themselves to those who appear to have more wealth and possessions. This can lead to depression, anxiety, and even addiction.In contrast, responsible consumption promotes the purchase of goods and services that meet our actual needs without excessive spending or waste. It values durability, quality, and sustainable practices over status symbols and conspicuous display. Responsible consumption allows individuals to live more fulfilling and sustainable lives while contributing to a more equitable and environmentallyfriendly society.中文回答：炫耀性消费，由经济学家托斯坦·凡勃伦创造的术语，指的是为了提升社会地位和吸引钦佩而对财富和物质财产进行的铺张浪费的展示。
讨论炫耀消费 英语作文
讨论炫耀消费英语作文英文回答：Conspicuous Consumption.Conspicuous consumption is a term coined by economist Thorstein Veblen in his 1899 book, "The Theory of the Leisure Class." Veblen argued that in a capitalist society, individuals engage in conspicuous consumption to display their wealth and social status. This behavior is driven by the desire to conform to social norms and to gain recognition and admiration from others.There are several motivations behind conspicuous consumption. One is the desire to signal one's wealth and status. By purchasing and displaying expensive goods and services, individuals can communicate to others that they are successful and affluent. Another motivation is the desire to conform to social norms. In many cultures, conspicuous consumption is seen as a sign of success andbelonging.Conspicuous consumption can have a number of negative consequences. One is that it can lead to debt and financial problems. Individuals who spend beyond their means in order to maintain a certain lifestyle may find themselves in over their heads. Conspicuous consumption can also lead to environmental damage. The production and consumption of luxury goods often requires the use of scarce resources and can contribute to pollution and climate change.In conclusion, conspicuous consumption is a widespread phenomenon that is driven by a variety of social and psychological factors. While it can serve as a status symbol and a source of social validation, it can also have a number of negative consequences.中文回答：炫耀性消费。
炫耀性消费的主要原因英语作文
炫耀性消费的主要原因英语作文英文回答：Conspicuous Consumption: Underlying Motives.Conspicuous consumption, a term coined by economist Thorstein Veblen in his seminal work "The Theory of the Leisure Class," refers to the spending of money on non-essential goods and services solely for the purpose of displaying one's wealth and social status. While the phenomenon has been widely studied and debated, its underlying causes remain a topic of ongoing inquiry.1. Social Comparison and Status Seeking:One primary driver of conspicuous consumption is the innate human desire to compare oneself with others and attain a higher social standing. Individuals may engage in conspicuous consumption to demonstrate their superiority, differentiate themselves from lower-status groups, and gainrecognition and admiration from their peers. This behavior often manifests in the purchase of luxury goods, such as designer clothes, expensive cars, and lavish vacations, which serve as outward symbols of status and wealth.2. Hedonic Adaptation and the Pursuit of Happiness:Conspicuous consumption can also be driven by the hedonic adaptation phenomenon, whereby individuals quickly become accustomed to new experiences and require increasing levels of stimulation to attain the same level of satisfaction. As a result, they may constantly seek out new and more extravagant goods and services in an attempt to maintain a sense of happiness and fulfillment. This pursuit of sensory gratification can lead to a cycle of escalating consumption and indebtedness.3. Cultural Influences and Social Norms:Cultural factors and social norms also play a significant role in shaping patterns of conspicuous consumption. In societies where wealth and status arehighly valued, individuals may feel pressured to conform to societal expectations by indulging in conspicuous displays of affluence. This phenomenon is particularly evident in cultures characterized by extreme economic inequality, where the wealthy use consumption as a means of differentiating themselves from the less fortunate.4. Advertising and Mass Media Manipulation:Advertising and the mass media have a profound influence on consumer behavior and can contribute to the prevalence of conspicuous consumption. Advertisements often portray high-end goods and services as essential for happiness and success, creating a desire among consumers to possess them. Social media platforms, with their emphasis on showcasing one's lifestyle and belongings, further fuel the drive for conspicuous consumption by fostering aculture of comparison and envy.5. Psychological Factors and Emotional Needs:Beyond social and cultural influences, conspicuousconsumption can also be driven by psychological factors and emotional needs. Individuals with low self-esteem or a lack of self-confidence may resort to conspicuous consumption as a means of compensating for their perceived inadequacies. Additionally, consumption can provide a temporary escape from emotional distress or boredom, offering a sense of instant gratification and emotional fulfillment.中文回答：炫耀性消费，主要原因。
“隧道效应”还是“跟上琼斯效应”
“隧道效应”还是“跟上琼斯效应”作者：谢玉梅夏璐来源：《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》2021年第01期[摘要]农户真实信贷动机既包括投资性消费也包括炫耀性消费，基于中国乡村社会特征，这两种信贷消费都会受到社会互动的影响。
利用中国家庭金融调查数据（CHFS2015 &CHFS2017）检验发现：农户信贷以投资性消费为主，即“隧道效应”显著，“跟上琼斯效应”不显著;农户真实信贷动机是为了提高自身的经济社会地位，倾向于通过社会互动中的学习溢出，模仿信贷成功者的行为投资生产活动或教育带来正向回报。
因此，金融机构可以有效利用社会互动的正向激励作用，设计与农户需求匹配的金融产品，引导农户合理地使用信贷，提高农村金融市场资源配置效率。
[关键词]农户信贷;社会互动;隧道效应;跟上琼斯效应[中图分类号]F830.34[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1008—1763（2021）01—0063—09Abstract：The real credit motivation of farmers includes both investment consumption and conspicuous consumption. This paper uses the Chinese household financial survey data （CHFS2015 & CHFS2017） to find that： farmers mainly focus on credit investment consumption， that is， the "tunnel effect" is significant， and "keep up with the Jones effect" is not significant. It can be inferred that the real credit motive of farmers is to improve their economic and social status， and they tend to imitate the behavior of successful creditors to invest in production activities or education to bring positive returns through learning spillovers in social interaction. Therefore， financial institutions caneffectively use the positive incentive effect of social interaction， design financial products that match the needs of farmers， guide farmers to use credit reasonably， and improve the efficiency of resource allocation in rural financial markets.Key words： farmers' credit; social interaction; tunnel effect; keeping up with the Jones effect 一引言我國农户往往兼具“生产者”和“消费者”双重身份，因此农户在参与农村金融服务的过程中，通常存在以生产性名义贷款，获得资金后却向消费需求转移的现象。
Conspicuous Consumption
ＣｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｏｕｓＣｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ作者：ＺＨＡＮＧＺＨＩＰＩＮＧ来源：《BEIJING REVIEW》2006年第21期China validated a new consumption tax policy on April 1 that levies higher taxes on luxury goods such as yachts and limousines, as well as wooden disposable chopsticks and wooden flooring. This marked the most profound change in the consumption tax since 1994 and is thought to be the first step in an overall tax reform in the country.Consumer tariffs, which are handed over to state coffers, consist of excise taxes and the taxes on imported goods collected by customs agencies.The consumption tax has been an obscure concept to most Chinese, since it is included in the prices of products. But the changes this time are drawing public attention.While the country’s economy is booming, contributing to the overall improvement in people’s living conditions, China is faced with such severe problems as a deteriorating ecosystem, tight energy supplies and a widening gap between the rich and the poor. It is in this context that the tax adjustment is believed to “protect the environment and save energy” and “help the poor by taxing the rich.”According to the Ministry of Finance, there are two highlights to the tax adjustment: One is to promote China’s environmental protection and resource conservation and the other is to provid e guides for rational consumption and income redistribution.But will this produce the desired results? The impact of the change on market prices is already evident in some areas. As an instinctive reaction to this tax, manufacturers have in fact already begun passing on the increasing costs to consumers. Almost all the commodities and sectors, where the consumption tax rates were raised, have reported price hikes.Vehicle tax seen most significantThe rise of the vehicle excise duty is considered the most prominent change. Industry insiders commented that it conforms to the government stand of encouraging the use of small-engine cars and discouraging those that are less environment friendly.While the tax rates for cars with an emission discharge volume below 2.0 liters remain unchanged or are slightly reduced, those for cars above the mark have been raised in line with the principle of the greater the emission volume, the larger the tax rate, with a ceiling of 20 percent. For example, the tax rate on 3.0L-4.0L cars is lifted from 8 percent to 15 percent.The adjustment led to a sharp rise in prices of big-engine BMWs in Beijing and Shanghai before it formally took effect, with the biggest increase of 150,000 yuan.To offset the impact of the consumption tax adjustment, according to market analysts, manufacturers of upscale commodities may have no alternative but to raise prices.However, Eichhorn, sales manager of FAW-VW Audi, expresse d his confidence in China’s limousine market. He said he believes market demand and manufacturers’ ability to meet that demand are the deciding factors. In his opinion, the increase in consumption tax rates and the rise in fuel prices will not deal a heavy blow to the market.Before April 1, when the new consumption tax policy was to take effect, the sale of luxury watches soared throughout China, because, according to the new tax policy, a 20 percent tax rate would be imposed on watches costing more than 10,000 yuan.In 2005, Switzerland’s watch exports to China increased by 25.7 percent over the previous year, topping $270 million. According to Swatch, the company is trying to adapt to changes in the Chinese market. Although China’s new taxation policy may lead to falling sales, said a company spokesman, Swatch will try to make up for this loss by adding more middle-end watches to its deliveries in China.Alan Grieve, spokesman of Richemont, Switzerland’s largest luxury bra nd holding company, is cautious about China’s new consumption tax policy, saying it was too early to judge the impact. Nevertheless, he declared that the importance of the Chinese market would not be shaken.Richemont respected the decision of the Chinese Government and it was time to prove the company’s adaptability to the new policy environment, Grieve said.At the China International Boat Show 2006 in early April, quite a few participants expressed their concern over the negative influen ce on China’s nascent yacht market caused by the additional 10 percent tax rate on yachts. The large profit margin in China is quite attractive to overseas yacht dealers. French participants in the show said they would try to explore the market for non-fossil-fuel-powered yachts, which are excluded from the additional taxes.Guideline for industrial developmentSale of wooden flooring also soared before April 1. A 5 percent consumption tax was imposed on this product, resulting in a 10 percent increase in cost and a price rise of 10-20 yuan per square meter. This will further widen the gap between the costs of wooden flooring and laminated flooring.According to official statistics, in China, every year more than 85 million cubic meters of lumber is used for flooring. An additional 10 million cubic meters goes to produce disposable chopsticks, and another 6 million cubic meters is used in wooden chopsticks exported to other countries. However, the added consumption taxes on these items are not thought to be high enough to curb the waste of timber resources in China.Consumption taxes on average skin and hair care products have been scrapped, but some high-priced products have been included in the category of cosmetic items on which the consumption tax is imposed.The reactions of cosmetics companies, however, varied. L’Oreal, for example, refused to make comments on the change, while Estee Lauder said it was considering raising its prices to ease the pressure from the increased tax rates.In the decade since it began taxation on consumption, China has witnessed quite rapid growth in revenues in this regard, rising from 51.6 billion yuan in 1994 to 163.4 billion yuan in 2005.Experts agreed that the most recent adjustment of the consumption tax policy can be regarded a guideline for China’s industrial restructuring, which encourages environment friendly, energy-saving industries and those of high added value.“It reflects the transformation of the economy to a sustainable development mode by crystallizing such a guiding principle in two aspects,” said Gao Huiqing, a researcher at the State Information Center. “One is to raise the tax rate on energy-consuming or energy-intensive products like disposable chopsticks, and the other is to encourage the development of energy-saving products through a reduction in the tax rate, such as on small-engine cars.”In light of the state strategy of developing a cyclic economy, according to Gao, the new consumption tax policy is expected to boost emerging hi-tech and service industries.Change in consumption patterns?At the same time, it is believed, through levying high consumption tax on high-priced commodities, the government hopes to guide people’s consumption and adjust income redistribution in an indirect way, so as to narrow the expanding disparity between the rich and the poor.Statistics show that annual sales of luxury products in China currently amount to about $2 billion. According to a research report by Ernst & Young LLP, by 2008, the growth rate of sales of these products will reach 20 percent, and then fall to about 10 percent till 2015. By the end of this period, sales are expected to exceed $11.5 billion, accounting for 29 percent of the total sales of luxury products worldwide.Although some think this is an overestimation of the Chinese purchasing power, it is clear that the booming economy has nurtured a noveau riche class in China, which is quite interested in golf, yachts, limousines and luxury watches.Nevertheless, China is still home to 30 million farmers who live below the poverty line. In 2005, while the average per-capita disposable income of urban residents hit 10,493 yuan, the per-capita net income in the rural areas was only 3,255 yuan. In this sense, a luxury watch may cost many years’ or even a lifetime’s income for a farmer.As it requires the rich to pay extra money for conspicuous consumption, the new tax policy is expected to promote social equality to some degree.Zhao Hangsheng, a professor at the School of Economics of Zhejiang University, however, contended that while the tax policy overhaul aims to optimize the redistribution of wealth, a number of rich people just do not care about the prices of luxury products. In his view, the government needs to take various measures to solve the increasing disparity between the rich and the poor.Some also complained it is regrettable that expensive houses, furniture and entertainment activities were excluded from the consumption tax list, since the amount of money spent on a luxurious home far exceeds that spent on golf balls and clubs, for example.The purchase of townhouse or villa, especially mass purchase, may be regarded as a kind of conspicuous consumption, and the exclusion of such items will weaken the function of this new policy, they argued.The fact that the consumption tax is imposed on disposable chopsticks rather than high-end furniture is also cited to demonstrate that the consumption tax policy adjustment was ill-designed. According to proponents of this opinion, if the 5 percent tax rate on disposable chopsticks is expected to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation, it would be more effective to levy taxes on furniture, as the 1.3 million cubic meters of wood used annually for chopsticks pales compared with that used for furniture.Consumption Tax in ChinaThe taxation on consumption in China may be considered to date back to 1949, the year of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, when taxes on entertainment, feasts, cold food and hotels were incorporated into one excise tax.The Interim Regulations on Excise Tax were formally promulgated in January 1951. According to the regulations, the excise tax was paid by consumers and collected by business operators on behalf of the government. A 25 percent tax was imposed on fees charged by cinemas, theaters, dance halls, amusement parks, acrobatic theaters and other entertainment venues.In 1953, China revised its industrial and commercial tax system, which integrated taxes on feasts, cold food, hotels and dance halls into the business tax. Taxes on cinemas and theaters were merged into an entertainment tax, which continued until 1966.In 1984, China carried out a nationwide tax reform, in which the original industrial and commercial tax was divided into a sales tax, value-added tax, product tax, salt tax and others.In the 1994 reform, the product tax, a major part of the industrial and commercial tax, was replaced by the value-added tax. As the benchmark value-added tax rate was only 17 percent, tax revenues were sharply reduced. It is in this context that the consumption tax was adopted and imposed on some goods that used to be subject to high product tax.。
炫耀型购买英语作文
炫耀型购买英语作文(中英文版)Showoff Buying: A Reflection on Conspicuous ConsumptionIn today"s materialistic society, the act of showoff buying has become increasingly prevalent.People are inclined to purchase luxurious goods not solely for their practical use but to showcase their wealth and social status.This trend reflects the concept of "conspicuous consumption" proposed by economist Thorstein Veblen.However, such behavior raises questions about the true essence of happiness and the value we place on material possessions.在当今物欲横流的社会，炫耀型购买行为日益普遍。
人们购买奢侈品，不仅仅是为了其实用价值，更多的是为了展示自己的财富和社会地位。
这一趋势反映了经济学家托斯丹·范伯伦提出的“炫耀性消费”概念。
然而，这种行为让我们不禁思考：幸福的真正含义何在？我们对于物质财富的价值观是否扭曲？Walking down the streets, one cannot help but notice the countless billboards and advertisements promoting the latest luxury goods.They seduce consumers into believing that owning these items will elevate their social status and gain them respect.Unfortunately, this often leads to a vicious cycle of materialism, where individuals constantly strive for more possessions, only to find themselves trapped in an endless pursuit of wealth and recognition.走在街头，随处可见的广告牌和宣传册在推广各式各样的奢侈品。
英语学习资料：绿色消费GreenConsumption
英语学习资料：绿色消费GreenConsumption 绿色消费Green ConsumptionThe conception of green consumption has gradually bee popular in China. More and more green foods are making their appearance on the market and more and more people are being conscious of environmental protection.绿色消费的概念在中国日渐流行，市场上出现了越来越多的绿色食品，而越来越多的人也意识到了要保护环境。
However, there still exist quite a few difficulties in the further promotion of green consumption. On the one hand, many people are still not quite clear of the advantages of green foods. On the other hand, due to high profits, many fake green foods are found in the market. Moreover, many consumers don’t want to pay extra money for green foods.但是，绿色消费的进一步推行还存在许多困难。
一方面，很多人还不是很清楚绿色食品的有点，另一方面，由于利润高，市场上出现了许多假冒的绿色食品。
此外，很多消费者不愿意付更多的钱来买绿色食品。
There may be several ways to solve these problems. Firstly, the government should supervise the good quality strictly to protect consumers’ interests. Secondly, the conception of green consumption should be further promoted and emphasized. Thirdly, the government should work together with manufacturers to make the price more reasonable.解决这些问题的方法有好几种。
炫耀性消费作文
炫耀性消费作文英文回答：Conspicuous consumption, a term coined by economist Thorstein Veblen, refers to the purchase and display of goods and services with the primary intention of enhancing one's social status. It is a form of conspicuous leisure, where individuals engage in activities not because they derive pleasure from them but because they signal wealth and prestige.Veblen argued that conspicuous consumption is a universal human trait, driven by the instinct for dominance and the desire for social approval. In societies where social stratification is pronounced, conspicuous consumption becomes a way for individuals to demonstrate their superiority and distinguish themselves from lower social classes.The emergence of mass production and advertising in thelate 19th and early 20th centuries intensified the phenomenon of conspicuous consumption. The increased availability of goods and the proliferation of mass media created new opportunities for individuals to display their wealth and social status.While conspicuous consumption can provide temporary satisfaction, it often leads to negative consequences. It can lead to excessive debt, financial instability, and a sense of emptiness. Moreover, it can foster materialism, envy, and a distorted sense of self-worth.In some cases, conspicuous consumption can also have negative social impacts. It can create a culture of excess and wastefulness, deplete natural resources, and exacerbate social inequality.中文回答：炫耀性消费，又称炫耀性休闲，是经济学家托尔斯坦·凡勃伦提出的一个术语，指的是为了提高社会地位而购买和展示商品和服务的行为。
全新版综合大学英语2
随着捐款源源不断地进来，我校明年的财务状况会好很多了。
这样我们就能集中应对我们作为教育工作者必须承担起最重要的任务：鼓励学生实现他们的学业目的，培养他们成为有责任感、靠得住的人，使他们对将来的生活有所准备，并在他们追求物质及精神满足的过程中给予指导With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.也许你羡慕我，因为我可以借助计算机在家里工作。
我也这么想，互联网使我的工作方便多了。
我可以通过电子邮件撰写、编辑并交出我的文章，在网上与我的同事聊天，与老板谈论工作。
我用鼠标一击，马上能拿到我要的一切资料，获得最新的消息。
可是，另一方面，用网络通信有时也令人沮丧。
系统有可能瘫痪，更糟糕的是，因为没有面对面交谈的情感提示，键出的词有时候似乎很难理解Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write，submit and edit articles via email, chat with my yyyI need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.众多事实证明这一说法：要想让自己很快从低落的情绪中解脱出来，你得让自己哭。
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Conspicuous consumption in China中国炫富消费Luxury's new empire奢侈品新帝国Are the Chinese replacing the Japanese as the world's most fanatical shoppers?中国人正在取代日本人成为世界上最狂热的购物者吗？Jun 17th 2004 | HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI | from the print editionTHREE ON THE BUND is a vision of the future of Chinese consumerism. The grand, newly refurbished building, first erected on Shanghai's historic waterfront in 1916, houses a top-notch restaurant to satisfy the stomach; an ultra-chic contemporary art gallery to stimulate the mind; and a reassuringly expensive spa (with indoor canals improbably filled with Evian water) to pamper the body. At its heart is a luxury-goods store. Arrestingly lined with metal and hemp, the Armani outlet is the firm's biggest in Asia outside Japan. Georgio Armani himself, say his underlings breathlessly, flew in before the recent opening to check personally every fitting, so besotted is he with China's potential.上海外滩三号是中国消费主义的未来之光。
这座宏伟建筑于1916年在久负盛名的上海之滨落成，最近翻饰一新——全球顶尖的餐厅尽奉饕餮盛宴，极度奢华的当代艺术画廊冲击心灵，理所当然昂贵的水疗（室内管道令人惊讶地流淌着依云矿泉水）滋养身心。
它的中心是奢侈品店。
亚洲除日本之外最大的阿玛尼专卖店金属和麻绳的装修风格很令人印象深刻。
下属们惊讶地说，乔治阿玛尼在开业前亲自飞来查看每一项设施，他对中国的前景如此沉醉。
As with so much in China, the promise is indeed vast. The industry estimates there are now around 10m-13m mainland customers for luxury goods—mostly entrepreneurs and young professionals working for multinational firms. Most live on the country's eastern seaboard in big cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Dalian.如此这般的中国，前景自然广阔。
业内估计，现在约有1000到1300万大陆人消费奢侈品，主要是企业家和在跨国公司工作的年轻专业人士。
他们大多数居住在中国东部沿海像上海、北京、大连这样的大城市。
Many luxury firms see Chinese shoppers as the new Japanese—a potentially huge group of status-conscious, increasingly wealthy people hungry for brands and fanatical about shopping. But the Japanese, long the industry's stalwart shoppers, are increasingly spending their money on cultural and culinary pleasures.许多奢侈品公司视中国消费者为新型日本人——一个潜在的庞大消费群体：重视地位，日益富裕，渴望名牌，狂热消费。
而奢侈品行业的长期忠实顾客——日本人，现在更多地在文化和烹饪方面花钱享受。
In China, attitudes to luxury have changed dramatically from just a few years ago, when any form of ostentation was frowned upon. Today's Chinese, above all the young, love to flaunt their status. Claire Kent, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, says that, whereas people in the West are buying more discreetly branded luxury goods identifiable onl y by those “in the know”, the Chinese favour prominent logos that shout, “Look, I'm rich.”中国对奢侈品的态度发生了巨大转变，仅仅几年前，任何形式的炫耀都无人赞同。
现在的中国人，尤其是年轻人，喜欢炫耀身份。
来自摩根士丹利的分析师Claire Kent说，西方人现在更多购买那些品牌不起眼、只有内行才知道的奢侈品，与之相反，中国人钟爱人尽皆知的品牌，这能告诉大家：“瞧，咱不差钱。
”Until recently 90% of all luxury spending in China was by men. But, says Hugues Witvoet of LVMH Investment Asia, more Chinese women are buying brands to assert their independence and to feel good.直到最近，中国90%的奢侈品由男性消费。
路威酩轩旗下亚洲投资公司的Hugues Witvoet 说，更多的中国女性开始购买名品以彰显独立，品味美好。
Dragon attack进军中国Luxury-goods firms are thus becoming wildly excited about the possibilities—in China and beyond. Armani plans to open 20-30 new stores on the mainland by 2008. Prada will invest $40m in China in the next two years, and almost double the number of stores there this year to 15. Louis Vuitton will open its first full-range shop on the mainland in Shanghai in September, and will have 13 stores by year end.奢侈品厂商因而对中国及其之外的前景兴奋不已。
阿玛尼计划在2008年前在中国开设20到30家新店。
普拉达今年在中国的店面数量几乎翻倍达到15家，并且接下来两年将在中国投资4000万美元。
九月，LV将在上海开设其在大陆第一家旗舰店，而到年底将达到13家店铺。
As the Chinese travel more, they are broadening not only their minds but also the range of luxury goods they come into contact with. Once abroad, their favourite activity seems to be shopping. During last month's Golden Week holiday, around 380,000 mainland tourists visited Hong Kong in just ten days, almost 80% up on 2002. (Last year, SARS kept numbers down.) Mainlanders spend more per person in Hong Kong than any other tourists. From this summer they can travel as individuals to 12 of 15 EU countries (but not Britain, Ireland or Denmark).随着旅游增多，中国人不但开阔了视野，接触到的奢侈品范围也更加宽广。
一旦出国，他们最热衷的活动就是购物。
上个月的五一黄金周假期，仅仅10天内就有大约38万大陆客出游香港，几乎比2002年上涨80%（去年，非典抑制了游客数量）。
大陆客在香港的人均消费比任何国家的游客都高。
这个夏季开始，15个欧盟国家中的12个对中国开放了个人旅游签证（除了英国、爱尔兰和丹麦）。
“The Chinese go to Paris, stay at two- star hotels, eat cheap Chinese food and spend all their time shopping,” says a luxury-firm executive with glee. Christopher Zanardi-Landi, general manager in China for Louis Vuitton, says that the industry is preparing for “a huge wave” of Chinese shoppers. While they have hitherto catered mainly to Japanese tourists, “luxury stores in Paris are starting to employ Mandarin-speaking assistants,” he says.一个奢侈品公司执行官眉开眼笑地说：“中国人来到巴黎，住二星级酒店，吃廉价的中餐，把所有时间都用来购物。