2017届八校联考试卷 评讲
湖北地区八校2017年度高三下学期第二次联考英语试题及规范标准答案
鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2017届高三第二次联考英语试题命题学校：黄冈中学命题人:李文宏吕琴张红审题学校：黄石二中朱红琼潘利平第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AHere is a list of some of the best museums for children in America.Please Touch Children’s MuseumThis museum lies in Philadelphia. It offers Alice in Wonderland exhibits where young children can play with giant flowers and have tea parties. Kids can also play on musical instruments and babies can crawl on lily pads, which make musical sounds.The Children’s Museum of IndianapolisThis museum lies in Indiana. It holds a fair share of dinosaur fossils (化石). There are many fossils like the T. Rex, Bucky and many others in an 8,000-square-foot area. Around 10,000 man-made objects, including a 55-ton steam engine and a 33-foot tall water clock, are there in the 365,000-square-foot area. It also offers activities like dinosaur building, camps and classes featuring space themes and other educational programs.Boston Children’s MuseumThis museum lies in Massachusetts. The exhibits here are of health, art, science, culture and environment. In this museum, children also learn about Japanese culture. Activities like Play Lab, New Balance Climb and The Recycle Shop bring out the creativity in children.National Museum of PlayThis museum, which lies in Rochester area of New York, has a wide collection of dolls, games, toys and other home crafts dating back to the 19th century. Here, educational tours include stories of machines and other toys. Kids can walk in Sesame Street exhibit and cook food at play or TV studios.Children’s Museum of HoustonThis museum lies in Texas. Termed as the best playground for mind, this museum offers scores of activities for kids of every age. It even offers free family adventure events where families with their kids are encouraged to work on math activities and games. Children also learn about broadcasting activities and preserving ecosystems.21. One who has interest in environmental protection can choose to visit .A. National Museum of Play or Children’s Museum of HoustonB. Boston Children’s Museum or Children’s Museum of HoustonC. Please Touch Children’s Museum or Boston Children’s MuseumD. The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis or National Museum of Play22. While visiting National Museum of Play, you can take part in .A. dinosaur buildingB. New Balance ClimbC. playing with giant flowersD. cooking food at play or TV studios23. If a couple with kids of different ages want to do activities together, they should goto .A. T exasB. IndianaC. New YorkD.Massachusetts24. Who might be most interested in this passage?A. Parents.B. Students.C. T eachers.D. Researchers.BI think it was October, 1982. A friend had business dealings in the city of Reno, Nevada, and I was asked to accompany her on an overnight trip. While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street，heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but I couldn’t make eye contact with anyone. Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lady behind the counter if she could come outside for just a minute. She 1ooked at me as though I were from some other planet and said, “Well…’’Surprisingly, she followed me out.When she got outside I said to her, “Just look at that sunset! Nobody out here was looking at it and I just had to share it with someone.”For a few seconds we just 1ooked. Then I said, “God’s in his heaven and all’s right with the world.”I thanked her for coming out to see it and sharing the beauty.Four years later my situation had changed considerably. I had come to the end of a twenty-year marriage. I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life. One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a Unity Magazine and read an articleabout a woman who had been in similar circumstances. She had come to the end of a marriage, moved to a strange community, and the only job she could find was one she disliked: cosmetic sales in a department store. We had a lot in common.Then something happened to her that changed everything. She said a woman came into her department store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset. The stranger had said, “God’s in his heaven and all’s right with the world.”, and she had realized the truth in that statement and that she simply had not been seeing it. From that moment on, she turned her life around.25. Why did the writer duck into a department store?A. She found it was boring with nobody talking to her.B. She wanted to buy something for her friend.C. She wanted to find somebody sharing the beautiful sunset.D. She thought it was his responsibility to share the natural beauty with others.26. What does the sentence “God’s in his heaven and all’s right with the world”mean?A. We should be optimistic in the face of uncertainty.B. We should believe in God who can help us when we are in trouble.C. We should never hold the belief that God can change our life.D. We should be independent and enjoy ourselves in spite of difficulties.27. What do you think finally changed the writer’s attitude towards life?A. The old magazine she came across.B. The encouragement from the woman.C. The sunset they enjoyed four years ago.D. The woman’s story.28. What may be the best title for the text?A. Depending on yourselfB. Sharing beautyC. Struggling every dayD. Never giving up halfwayCImagine you’ve finally landed a job of your dreams in another city. It’s everything you’d hoped for, but there’s only one problem —housing costs in the area are so high that you’re forced to live in a parking lot.While this sounds like an impossible situation, this predicament is a reality for one man.Brandon, 25, is a software engineer for Google at its San Francisco, California campus.“I realized I was paying too large an amount of money for the apartment I was staying in, and I was almost never home,”he told Business Insider. “It’s really hard to justify throwing that money away. You’re not putting money into anything and you are not building it up for a future.”Since scoring his job in May 2015 following a successful internship, he’s been living in a truck on a parking lot a short distance from his workplace.The tech worker makes up for the lack of facilities by eating, using the bathroom and showering at work, also charging his phone and computer there.San Francisco is home to the most expensive rental market in the US, with the average rental for a one-bedroom apartment coming to ＄3,590 (24,900 yuan) a month, according to property site Zumper.And while some may not be able to handle giving up life’s luxuries just to put asidesome cash, Brandon estimates that he’s saved almost ＄28,000 since he moved in just over 18 months ago.“Not only do I get to invest all of that redirected rent money, but I get to invest all the money I’m not spending on furniture, facilities and buying food,”Brandon wrote on his blog.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “predicament”in Paragraph2?A. possibilityB. disappointmentC. dilemmaD. mess30. Why does Brandon prefer to live in a truck on a parking lot?A. Because he has no time to go back to an apartment.B. Because the rent is too high and he thinks it isn’t worthwhile.C. Because his workplace provides him with what he needsD. Because he wants to save money for an apartment of his own.31. What does Brandon think of his choice?A. DifficultB. EmbarrassingC. PainfulD. WiseDPigeons may only have a brain the size of a thimble (顶针), but it appears that pigeons can categorize and name objects in the same way human children learn new words.A new study from the University of Iowa has shown that the birds are capable of learning to categorize 128 different photographs into 16 basic categories.Scientists taught three pigeons to sort out different kinds of dogs or types of shoes, for example by using a particular symbol in exchange for a reward. When they were shown black and white pictures of previously unseen dogs or shoes, the birds were able to correctly match these with the corresponding symbols.The scientists behind the project say this is a similar approach taken by young children when they are first learning words for objects. However, the researchers said it took their birds around 40 days to perfect the task of learning just 16 categories.Professor Edward Wasserman, who led the work, said: “Our birds’rate of learning appears to have been quite slow. Would children learn faster than pigeons? Almost certainly. However, our pigeons came to the experiment with no background knowledge at all. Thus, the more relevant comparison group may be newborn babies, who indeed take 6–9 months to learn their first words.”Writing in the journal Cognition, the researchers said their experiment was a very simple mirror of the way children are taught words —by their parents pointing to pictures and asking them to name the object.Pigeons are known to be smarter than many birds. Professor Bob McMurray, who also took part in the study, said the results showed that human learning is not as unique as was previously believed.He said: “Children are facing a huge task of learning thousands of words without a lot of background knowledge to go on. For a long time, people thought that such learning is special to humans. What this research shows is that the ways in which children solve this huge problem may be shared with many species.32. What’s the main idea of this passage?A. Pigeons and young children take a similar approach to learn words.B. Pigeons are known to be smarter than newborn babies.C. Pigeons recognize objects in the same way children learn words.D. Pigeons are unique as they can learn like humans.33. Why does the writer think newborn babies are the more relevant comparison group?A. They don’t have any background knowledge.B. They learn relatively slow.C. Pigeons and newborn babies learn at a similar speed.D. Young children are smarter.34. From the passage, we can learn that .A. learning without background knowledge is unique to humansB. many species may be able to learn without background knowledgeC. pigeons are able to solve many huge problemsD. pigeons are known to be the smartest birds35. The passage is intended to .A. introduce pigeonsB. prove a factC. support an opinionD. report a study第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题(12月)解答
11-：1.2. 3. 鄂南高中 华师一附中 黄冈中学 黄石二中 荆州中学孝感高中 襄阳四中 襄阳五中2017届高三第一次联考数学(理科)试题命题学校：荆州中学 命题人：荣培元 审题人：邓海波 张云辉 马玮第I 卷.选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的10i 复数z(i 为虚数单位)的虚部为 3+i A. 1 B. 3 已知集合A 二^x|2x '2 :::1 ?, B A x x 2 9■: C. 4 2D. 42x y _ 38. 若实数x, y 满足x - y _ 3 ,x 2 y 岂 6A. 2 ,0B. .70C. 8D. 109. 成书于公元五世纪的《张邱建算经》是中国古代数学史上的杰作，该书中记载有很多数列问题，说 明古人很早就注意到了数列并且有很深的研究，从下面这首古民谣中可知一二：南山一棵竹， 竹尾风割断， 逐节多三分③，逐圈少分三④. 此民谣提出的问题的答案是 (注：①五寸即0.5尺.②一尺三即则(x 亠1)2亠y 2的最小值为节一个圈.头节高五寸①，头圈一尺三②. 一蚁往上爬，遇圈则绕圈.爬到竹子顶，行程是多远？ 剩下三 1.3尺.③三分即0.03尺.④分三即一分三厘，等于 0.013尺.)C. 61.905尺D. 73.995尺3T'1 2x 2A. 72.705尺B. 61.395尺 15D.4-2x -3 0?，则(C R A) B =C. [-2,-1)U(3,D. (-2,-1)U(3,=)C. -310.已知直线y = kx(k ・R)与函数f (x)=A. ［ 2, 1)B.(- 下列选项中，说法正确的是 A.若 a b 0 ,则 log 1 a log 1 b2 2 向量a =(1,m),b =(m,2m -1) (m •二R)共线的充要条件是 m =0 命题“ -n ・N *,3n (n ・2)・2n °”的否定是,-2] g 0)的图象恰有三个不同的公共点，则实数(x 0)B.C. D. “ _n N *,3n _ (n 2) 2心” f (b^0，则 f(x)在区k 的取值范围是3 A.211.已知x = 1是函数是A. ln a b-1B.(」：，-2)U(2,=)f (x)二 ax 3- bx - lnD.(2,：：)x ( a 0,b R )的一个极值点，贝U In a 与b-1的大小关系4. 已知函数f (x)在区间［a,b ］上的图象是连续不断的， 则命题“若f (a) 间(a, b)内至少有一个零点”的逆命题为假命题 实数a=0.33, b=log 3 0.3 , c = 30.3的大小关系是 B. In a ：： b-1 1 12.已知 f(x) = sin x-cos x ( ■4不属于区间(2二，3二)，则」的取值范围是3 11 | | 11 19 1 5 | | 5 3A. [ , ]U [ , ]B. ( ,]U [,] 8 12 8 12 4 12 8 4C. In a 二 b- 1D.以上都不对x R)，若f (x)的任何一条对称轴与 x 轴交点的横坐标都c. [?Z]U 匚卫]D.(」,$U[£ 卫]8 12 8 12 4 4 8 12A. 2 3 C. 6.3B. 2 D. 67.某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的表面积为 A. 3二 4 B. 4二 2 第U 卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分 .第13题至第21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答 .第22题至第23题为选考题，考生根据要求作答 .二、填空题：本题共 4小题，每小题5分.请将答案填在答题卡对应题号的位置上，答错位置、书写不 清、模棱两可均不得分.13. 已知向量a , b 的夹角为一，且a ・(a- b) = 1, |a 卜2，则|b 卜 ____________ .3* 314. 已知数列｛a n ｝满足：印=1, a ?= 2, a+2=升厂a (有 N )函数f ( x)= ax+ btan x 若f(a 4)= 9,则 f (aj f(a 2017 )的值是 _______________ .15.定义四个数a,b,c, d 的二阶积和式c d=ad bc .九个数的三阶积和式可用如下方式化为二n 2 -9 f(n)=n 1 n (n = N )，则 f(n)的最小值为 _____________________ .|1 2 n匚J16.如图所示，五面体 ABCDFE 中，AB//CD//EF ，四边形ABCD , ABEF ，CDFE 都是等腰梯形，并且平面 ABCD _平面ABEF ， AB =12,CD=3,EF =4，梯形 ABCD 的高为 3，EF 到平面 ABCD 的距离为6，则此五面体的体积为 __________________________ .三.解答题：本题共 6小题.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤 . 20. (本小题满分12分)一奶制品加工厂以牛奶为原料分别在甲、乙两类设备上加工生产A 、B 两种奶制品，如用甲类设备加工一桶牛奶，需耗电12千瓦时，可得3千克A 制品；如用乙类设备加工一桶牛奶，需耗电 8千瓦时，可得4千克B 制品.根据市场需求，生产的A 、B 两种奶制品能全部售出， 每千克A 获利a 元，每千克B 获利b 元.现在加工厂每天最多能得到 50桶牛奶，每天两类设备工作耗电的总和不 得超过480千瓦时，并且甲类设备每天至多能加工 102千克A 制品，乙类设备的加工能力没有限制 . 其生产方案是：每天用 x 桶牛奶生产 A 制品，用y 桶牛奶生产B 制品(为了使问题研究简化， x,y可以不为整数).(I)若a = 24, b=16，试为工厂制定一个最佳生产方案(记此最佳生产方案为 F 0)，即x, y 分别为何值时，使工厂每天的获利最大，并求出该最大值；(n )随着季节的变换和市场的变化，以及对原配方的改进，市场价格也发生变化，获利也随市场波动.若a = 24(1 + 4h) , b=16(1+5k —5,)(这里0£^c 1)，其它条件不变，试求 &的取值 范围，使工当且仅当.采取(I)中的生产方案 F 0时当天获利才能最大.17. (本小题满分12分)厂 .ABC 中，角A,B,C 的对边分别为a,b,c ，已知上色^匹C cosB b(I)求角B 的大小；(n)点D 为边AB 上的一点，记 —BDC - v ，若一：：：：:::二28 f 5 CD =2, AD = .5 , a ，求 sin 二与 b 的值.518. (本小题满分12分)已知函数f(x)=Asi n(co x +®) ( A > 0,⑷> 0, ® £二)的部分图象如图所示2(I)求f (x)的表达式;(n)把函数 y = f(x)的图象向右平移 一个单位后得到函数 g(x)的图4、， 1象，若函数h(x)二ax g(2x)「g(x)在(Y ； •：：)单调递增， 2求实数a 的取值范围.19. (本小题满分12分)已知两数列｛a n ｝ , ｛b n ｝满足b n =「3n a n (n ・N *), 3b 1 =10a 1，其中｛a .｝是公差大于零的等差 数列，且a 2, a 7, b 2 -1成等比数列. (I)求数列｛a n ｝的通项公式； (n)求数列｛b n ｝的前n 项和S n .21. (本小题满分12分)已知函数 f(x) ln(x 2a)-ax , a 0. (I)求f (x)的单调区间；1(n)记 f (x)的最大值为 M (a)，若 a 2 a 1 0 且 M (a j= M (a 2)，求证：a 1a 2；4(川)若a 2,记集合｛x|f(x)=0｝中的最小元素为x 0,设函数g(x)=|f(x)「x ,求证：x 0是g(x) 的极小值点.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做第一题计分.22. (本小题满分10分)选修4-4 :坐标系与参数方程千 X = 1 cos ：在直角坐标标系xoy 中，已知曲线C 1 :29(二为参数，很5 R ),在以原点O 为极点，x y= sin a __L 4厂轴非负半轴为极轴的极坐标系中(取相同的长度单位)，曲线C 2 :『sin(‘ —)2，曲线42C 3 = 2 cos^ .(I)求曲线 C 1与C 2的交点M 的直角坐标；(n)设A, B 分别为曲线C 2，C 3上的动点，求 AB 的最小值.23. (本小题满分10分)选修4-5 :不等式选讲设函数 f (x)二 X - a , a ，R .(I)当 a=2时，解不等式：f(x)^6—2x —5 ；1 8(n)若关于x 的不等式f(x)空4的解集为［-1,7］，且两正数s 和t 满足2s t =a ，求证：6阶积和式进行计算:'ai a 2 a ?〕b 2 b 31th b s 丨b 1b 1 b 2 b 3= a 1xI +a 2 x|+ a^x |.已知函数C3c 1 c 3G C 2C 2 c3_第ID 题图AJ. s t2017届高三第一次联考数学（理科）试题参考答案19. (I)设｛a n｝的公差为d (d 0),'：3“ = 10a1” 3(1 3aJ = 10a1, a1 = 3.又a2 = a1 d = 3 d , a7 = a1 6d = 3(1 2d) , b2 - 1 = 9a2 = 9(3 d),13. 3 14. -18 15. -21 16. 57由a2, a7, d -1 成等比数列，得9(1 • 2d)2= 9(3 • d)2，: d 0, 1 • 2d = 3 • d , d = 2 ,.a n =3 (n -1) 2 =i2 / 1 ...6 分17. (I)由已知,3 sinC c f，得cosB b.3sinC sinCcosB sin B:"si nC 0，sin Bcos B=tan B(n)因为％=2n • 1,所以b^ V (2n • 1)3n,曰是,\*0 :: B Y, B 二—6CD(n)在BCD中，;上匕sin BS n = (1 3 3) (1 5 32) (1 (2n 1) 3n),8 <52 5 .—,.sin sin30 sin v.................... ...4 分BC _ asin _ BDC sin v令T=3 315 32亠亠i. 2n 1 3n① 则3T - 3 32 5 33-亠i. 2n 1 3n 1②①-②，得—2T = 3 3+ 2 冬域2 *3•十汉2—Q 今n1 132、55...8 分2 n：；1-- 2n 1 3n 1- -2n 3n 1, T = n 3 1-3 n-1 ADC为锐角, .cos/ADC 二cos(二- J)n 3n1=n (1 3n1)....12 分20.设工厂每天的获利为z元.由已知, 得z = 3ax 4by ,且在ADC中，由余弦定理，得b2二AD2CD2-2AD CD cos^ =5 4-2、、5 25=5，所以b = -.5 . ............ ...12 分12x 8y E 480x y _ 50 一< ,作出可行域如图所示3xE 102（图中阴影区域）5兀兀2兀18. (I)由图可知， A =1，最小正周期T = 2( )=2 ，-' = 1.4 4 灼H JI JI又2k二(k Z),且| | , . f(x)=sin(x ) . ......... ...5分4 2 2 4 4JI .(n) g(x)二f(x ) = sinx, .................... ...7分4丄1 丄1贝U h(x)二ax g(2x) — g(x)二ax sin2x—sinx ,2 2”2 1 29h (x) = a cos2x -cosx 二2cos x - cosx T a = 2(cosx ) a ,4 89Y h(x)在」：，•：：单调递增，.h(x)-0 恒成立，• h (x) min a-0,89 9 —a ，即a的取值范围为［一，=). ........... ...12分x_ 0,y 一0(I) z 二3ax 4by = 72 x 64 y，当直线12x • 8y= 480与x，y = 50的交点（20,30）时，z取最大值3360.即最佳生产方案F。
湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题
湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题（12月）文综地理【解析】鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2017届高三第一次联考文科综合试题考试时间：2016年12月9日上午9：00——11：30 试卷满分300分考试用时150分钟注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4．考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
读某区域某月等温线分布图（图1），完成1～3题。
1．下列关于130°经线以东地区气温分布说法正确的是A．气温由东南向西北递增B．单位距离气温差沿海大于内陆C．低温中心位于图示区域的西北角D．乙处和气温最低值的温差可能为35℃2．下列关于甲地等温线沿虚线方向弯曲的说法正确的是A．甲地气温高于同纬度两侧，冬季风越过大兴安岭下沉增温B．甲地气温高于同纬度两侧，受来自于海洋的暖湿气流增温C．甲地气温低于同纬度两侧，受冬季风影响大，气温低D．甲地气温低于同纬度两侧，受来自海洋的暖湿气流降水多，气温低3．下列关于乙地农业发展说法正确的是A．该地可以种植小麦，9月下旬种B．该地地广人稀，农业以家庭农场经营为主C．为提高该地区粮食产量，主要应扩大耕地面积D．该地可以种植水稻，还可利用秸秆栽培食用菌鄱阳湖是长江流域最重要的湖泊之一，长江与之的相互作用一直备受关注，2003年之后三峡工程开始调度运行，又增加了人为因素的影响。
长江与鄱阳湖的相互作用表现在两个方面，一方面是长江对鄱阳湖的作用(简称长江作用)，包括顶托和倒灌作用，较强的长江作用可使鄱阳湖水位升高；另一方面是鄱阳湖对长江的作用(简称鄱阳湖作用)，当鄱阳湖向长江大流量地持续汇流，鄱阳湖作用增强，造成长江下游流量增加。
湖北省华师一附中、孝感高中、荆州中学等八校2017届高三12月联考理综物理试题 【精品解析】
二、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~17题只有一项是符合题目要求，第18~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分。
有选错的得0分。
14．在物理学发展的过程中，许多物理学家的科学研究推动了人类文明的进程.在以下几位物理学家所做科学贡献的叙述中，正确的是A．在对自由落体运动的研究中，伽利略巧妙的利用斜面实验来冲淡重力影响使得时间更容易测量，最后逻辑推理证明了自由落体的运动规律B．牛顿应用“理想斜面实验”推翻了亚里士多德关于“力是维持物体运动的原因”的观点，并归纳总结了牛顿第一定律C．卡文迪许将行星与太阳、地球与月球、地球与地面物体之间的引力规律推广到宇宙中的一切物体，得出万有引力定律，并测出了引力常量G的数值D．法国物理学家库仑利用扭秤实验发现了点电荷间的相互作用规律，并通过油滴实验测定了元电荷的电荷量【答案】A【解析】考点：物理学史。
【名师点睛】本题比较简单考查了学生对物理学史的了解情况，在物理学发展的历史上有很多科学家做出了重要贡献，大家熟悉的爱因斯坦、卢瑟福等，在学习过程中要了解、知道这些著名科学家的重要贡献，是解答类似问题的关键。
15．如图所示为A、B两质点在同一直线上运动的位移—时间（x－t）图象．A质点的图像为直线，B 质点的图象为过原点的抛物线，两图象交点C 、D 坐标如图．下列说法不正确．．．的是A ．A 、B 相遇两次B ．t 1～t 2时间段内B 质点的平均速度与A 质点匀速运动的速度相等C ．两物体速度相等的时刻一定在t 1～t 2时间段内的中间时刻D ．A 在B 前面且离B 最远时，B 的位移为122x x + 【答案】D 【解析】考点：t x -图象。
【名师点睛】位移时间图象表示物体的位置随时间的变化，图象上的任意一点表示该时刻的位置，图象的斜率表示该时刻的速度，斜率的正负表示速度的方向，交点表示相遇。
16.如图所示，小球A 置于固定在水平面上的光滑半圆柱体上，小球B 用水平轻弹簧拉着系于竖直板上，两小球A 、B 通过光滑滑轮O 用轻质细线相连，两球均处于静止状态，已知B 球质量为m ，O 点在半圆柱体圆心O 1的正上方，OA 与竖直方向成30°角，OA 长度与半圆柱体半径相等，OB 与竖直方向成45°角，则下列叙述正确的是A．小球A、B受到的拉力T OA与T OB相等，且T OA＝T OB＝3mgB．弹簧弹力大小2mgC．A球质量为6mD．光滑半圆柱体对A球支持力的大小为mg【答案】C【解析】考点：共点力平衡条件的应用。
湖北省八校2017高三第一次联考
鄂南高中 华师一附中 黄冈中学 黄石二中 荆州中学 孝感高中 襄阳四中 襄阳五中2017届高三第一次联考二、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~17题只有一项是符合题目要求，第18~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分。
有选错的得0分。
14．在物理学发展的过程中，许多物理学家的科学研究推动了人类文明的进程.在以下几位物理学家所做科学贡献的叙述中，正确的是A ．在对自由落体运动的研究中，伽利略巧妙的利用斜面实验来冲淡重力影响使得时间更容易测量，最后逻辑推理证明了自由落体的运动规律B ．牛顿应用“理想斜面实验”推翻了亚里士多德关于“力是维持物体运动的原因”的观点，并归纳总结了牛顿第一定律C ．卡文迪许将行星与太阳、地球与月球、地球与地面物体之间的引力规律推广到宇宙中的一切物体，得出万有引力定律，并测出了引力常量G 的数值D ．法国物理学家库仑利用扭秤实验发现了点电荷间的相互作用规律，并通过油滴实验测定了元电荷的电荷量15．如图所示为A 、B 两质点在同一直线上运动的位移—时间（x －t ）图象．A 质点的图像为直线，B 质点的图象为过原点的抛物线，两图象交点C 、D 坐标如图．下列说法不正确．．．的是 A ．A 、B 相遇两次B ．t 1～t 2时间段内B 质点的平均速度与A 质点匀速运动的速度 相等C ．两物体速度相等的时刻一定在t 1～t 2时间段内的中间时刻D ．A 在B 前面且离B 最远时，B 的位移为122x x 16．如图所示，小球A置于固定在水平面上的光滑半圆柱体上，小球B 用水平轻弹簧拉着系于竖直板上，两小球A 、B 通过光滑滑轮O 用轻质细线相连，两球均处于静止状态，已知B 球质量为m ,O 点在半圆柱体圆心O 1的正上方，OA 与竖直方向成30°角，OA 长度与半圆柱体半径相等，OB 与竖直方向成45°角，则下列叙述正确的是A ．小球A 、B 受到的拉力T OA 与T OB 相等，且T OA ＝T OB BC ．AD ．光滑半圆柱体对A 球支持力的大小为mg17．真空中相距L 的两个固定点电荷E 、F 所带电荷量大小分别是Q E 一条电场线如图中实线所示，实线上的箭头表示电场线的方向．点的切线与EF 连线平行，且∠NEF ＞∠NFE ．则A ．E 带正电，F 带负电，且Q E > Q FB ．在M 点由静止释放一带正电的检验电荷，检验电荷将沿电场线运动到N 点 C ．过N 点的等势面与EF 连线垂直D ．负检验电荷在M 点的电势能大于在N 点的电势能18．“嫦娥四号”(专家称为“四号星”)，计划在2017年发射升空，它是嫦娥探月工程计划中嫦娥系列的第四颗人造探月卫星，主要任务是更深层次、更加全面的科学探测月球地貌、资源等方面的信息，完善月球档案资料．已知万有引力常量为G ，月球的半径为R ，月球表面的重力加速度为g ，嫦娥四号离月球中心的距离为r ，绕月周期为T ．根据以上信息判断下列说法正确的是 ABC ．月球的平均密度为ρ＝3233r GT RπD ．“嫦娥四号”必须减速运动才能返回地球19．如图甲所示，在光电效应实验中，某同学用相同频率的单色光，分别照射阴极材料为锌和铜的两个不同的光电管，结果都能发生光电效应。
温州八校2017学年第一学期期末联考高二数学试题(解析版)
温州市八校协作体2017-2018学年高二上学期期末联考数学试题1.已知集合{|0}A x x =>，{|01}B x x =<<，那么A B =I （ ）A. (1,)-+∞B. (0,1)C. (1,0]-D. (1,1)-【答案】B【解析】 {}()0,{|01},0,1.A x x B x x A B ==<<∴⋂=Q本题选择B 选项.2.若2(1)z a a i =+-，a R ∈（i 为虚数单位）为实数，则a 的值为（ ）A. 0B. 1C. 1-D. 1或1- 【答案】D【解析】若()21z a a i =+-，a R ∈（i 为虚数单位）为实数，则210, 1.a a -=∴=± 本题选择D 选项.3.设0a >且1a ≠，则“log 1a b >”是“1b a >>”的（ ）A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B【解析】当1a >时，log 1log a a b a >=，所以1b a >>；当01a <<时，log 1log a a b a >=，所以01b a <<<．所以是必要不充分条件，故选B ．4.设函数()f x 对任意x ∈R 都有(2)()f x f x +=-且(2)2f =，则(2018)f =（ ）A. 2B. 2-C. 2018D. 2018- 【答案】A【解析】 ()()()()2,(4)2,()f x f x f x f x f x f x +=-∴+=-+=∴Q 为周期函数，且周期为4，()()2018(45042)2 2.f f f ∴=⨯+==本题选择A 选项.5.已知函数()ln f x x =，2()3g x x =-+，则()?()f x g x 的图象大致为（ ）A .B. C.D.【答案】C【解析】 【详解】因为函数()ln f x x =，()23g x x =-+，可得()()•f x g x 是偶函数，图象关于y 轴对称，排除,A D ；又()0,1x ∈时，()()0,0f x g x <>,所以()()•0f x g x <,排除B ,故选C.【方法点晴】本题通过对多个图象的选择考查函数的图象与性质，属于中档题.这类题型也是近年高考常见的命题方向，该题型的特点是综合性较强较强、考查知识点较多，但是并不是无路可循.解答这类题型可以从多方面入手，根据函数的定义域、值域、单调性、奇偶性、特殊点以及0,0,,x x x x +-→→→+∞→-∞时函数图象的变化趋势，利用排除法，将不合题意的选项一一排除.6.能推断出函数()y f x =在R 上为增函数的是（ ）A. 若,m n R ∈且m n <，则(3)(3)m n f f <B. 若,m n R ∈且m n <，则11(())(())22m nf f <C. 若,m n R ∈且m n <，则22()()f m f n <D. 若,m n R ∈且m n <，则33()()f m f n <【答案】D【解析】若,m n R ∈且m n <，则033,m n <<不能得到函数()y f x =在R 上为增函数，故A 错误；若,m n R ∈且m n <，则110,22m n ⎛⎫⎛⎫>> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭不能得到函数()y f x =在R 上为增函数，故B 错误； 若,m n R ∈且m n <，则0m n <<时，220;m n <<0m n <<时，220;m n >>0m n <<时，2m 与2n 大小关系不确定，所以不能得到函数()y f x =在R 上为增函数，故C 错误；若,m n R ∈且m n <，则3333,,,m R n R m n ∈∈<又()()33f mf n <，所以函数()y f x =在R 上为增函数，故D 正确.本题选择D 选项.7.下列命题正确的是（ ）A. 若直线l 不平行于平面α，则α内不存在直线平行于直线lB. 若直线l 不垂直于平面α，则α内不存在直线垂直于直线lC. 若平面α不平行于平面β，则β内不存在直线平行于平面αD. 若平面α不垂直于平面β，则β内不存在直线垂直于平面α【答案】D【解析】当直线l 含于平面α时，则α内存在无数条直线平行于直线l ，故A 错误；当直线l 含于或平行于或斜交于平面α时，α内存在无数条直线垂直于直线l ，故B 错误；当平面α与平面β相交时，β内平行于交线的直线都平行于平面α，故C 错误；本题选择D 选项. 8.设12,F F 分别是双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点，P 是双曲线右支上的点，射线PT 是12F PF ∠的角平分线，过原点O 作PT 的平行线交于点M ，若121||||3MP F F =，则双曲线的离心率是（ ）A. B. C. 3 D. 32【答案】D【解析】由题意可得：11MP OTPF FT =，则123c OT PF c OT =+ ① 由角平分线的性质可得：1212PF PF FT F T =，结合11PF MP FT OT =， 故：1223c PF a OT c OT-=- ② 由①可得：()123c c OT PF OT+=， 由②可得：()1232c c OT PF a OT-=+， 据此有：()()22332c c OT c c OT a OT OT+-=+， 整理可得：()()22233c c OT c c OT a OT +=-+， 据此得：432,32c c a e a =∴==. 本题选择D 选项.点睛：双曲线的离心率是双曲线最重要的几何性质，求双曲线的离心率(或离心率的取值范围)，常见有两种方法： ①求出a ，c ，代入公式c e a=； ②只需要根据一个条件得到关于a ，b ，c 的齐次式，结合b 2＝c 2－a 2转化为a ，c 的齐次式，然后等式(不等式)两边分别除以a 或a 2转化为关于e 的方程(不等式)，解方程(不等式)即可得e (e 的取值范围)．9.已知四边形ABCD ，2AB BD DA ===，BC CD ==现将ABD ∆沿BD 折起，使二面角A BD C --的大小在5[,]66ππ内，则直线AB 与CD 所成角的余弦值取值范围是（ ）A.B.C. ⋃D. 【答案】A【解析】取BD 中点O ，连结AO ，CO ，∵AB =BD =DA =2.BC =CD =2,∴CO ⊥BD ,AO ⊥BD ,且CO =1,AO =3，∴∠AOC 是二面角A −BD −C 的平面角，以O 为原点，OC 为x 轴，OD 为y 轴，过点O 作平面BCD 的垂线为z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系，B (0,−1,0),C (1,0,0),D (0,1,0)，设二面角A −BD −C 的平面角为θ,则5,66ππθ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦， 连AO 、BO ,则∠AOC =θ,()3cos ,0,3sin A θθ， ∴()()3cos ,1,3sin ,1,1,0BA CD θθ==-u u u v u u u v ，设AB 、CD 的夹角为α，则13cos cos 22AB CD AB CDu u u v u u u v u u u v u u u v θα-⋅==⨯， ∵5,66ππθ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,∴33cos ,θ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦， 故55213cos 0,,cos 0,2θα⎡⎤⎡⎤-∈∴∈⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦. 本题选择A 选项.10.若三次函数32()f x x bx cx d =+++有极值点12,x x 且11()f x x =，设()g x 是()f x 的导函数，那么关于x 的方程(())0g f x =的不同实数根的个数为（ ）A. 6B. 5C. 4D. 3【答案】D【解析】由题意可得函数()232g x x bx c =++有两个不同的实数根12,x x ，其中321111x bx cx d x +++=，()()0g f x =则：()1f x x =或()2f x x =，据此分类讨论：①若12x x <，当()1f x x =时，1x x =或3x x =，当()2f x x =时，4x x =，此时共有三个不同的实数根124,,x x x .②若12x x >，当()1f x x =时，1x x =或3x x =，当()2f x x =时，4x x =，此时共有三个不同的实数根124,,x x x .②若12x x =，()f x 没有极值点，不合题意.综上可得，方程()()0g f x =的不同实数根的个数为3.本题选择D 选项.点睛：函数零点的求解与判断方法：(1)直接求零点：令f (x )＝0，如果能求出解，则有几个解就有几个零点．(2)零点存在性定理：利用定理不仅要函数在区间[a ，b ]上是连续不断的曲线，且f (a )·f (b )＜0，还必须结合函数的图象与性质(如单调性、奇偶性)才能确定函数有多少个零点．(3)利用图象交点的个数：将函数变形为两个函数的差，画两个函数的图象，看其交点的横坐标有几个不同的值，就有几个不同的零点．11.函数()f x =的定义域为__________；值域为__________．【答案】 (1). 1,3⎡⎫-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭ (2). [)0,+∞ ；【解析】由1310,3x x +≥∴≥-，所以函数()f x =1,3⎡⎫-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭； ()310,0,x f x +≥∴=Q 所以函数()f x =[)0,+∞.12.若218a =，2log 3b =，则2a b -= __________；1a b-=__________． 【答案】 (1). 6 (2). 2【解析】 2218log 3,23,26;23a b a b b b -=∴=∴===Q2222223222218,log 18,log 3,log 181log 18log 2log 91log 9 2.log 3log 3log 3a ab a b =∴==---∴=====Q Q 13.已知曲线x y e -=，则其图像上各点处的切线斜率的取值范围为 __________；该曲线在点(0,1)处的切线方程为__________．【答案】 (1).(,0)-∞ (2). 10x y +-=【解析】 ,0,x x y e y e Q ---'=∴=<所以其图像上各点处的切线斜率的取值范围为(),0-∞；0,,|1,x x x y e y e y --==∴=-∴'∴=-'Q 该曲线在点()0,1处的切线方程为11(0)y x -=--，即10x y +-=. 14.某几何体的三视图如图所示，则俯视图的面积为__________；此几何体的体积__________.【答案】 (1).22π+ (2). 83π+ 【解析】 根据几何体的三视图可得为圆柱的一半与一个四棱锥的联合体，圆柱的底面半径为1，高为2，四棱锥的底面是一个边长为2的正方形，高为2∴俯视图的面积为2111222222ππ⨯⨯+⨯⨯=+ ∴几何体的体积为211812222233ππ⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=+ 点睛：在由三视图还原为空间几何体的实际形状时，要从三个视图综合考虑，根据三视图的规则，空间几何体的可见轮廓线在三视图中为实线，不可见轮廓线在三视图中为虚线．在还原空间几何体实际形状时，一般是以正视图和俯视图为主，结合侧视图进行综合考虑．15.已知F 为椭圆2215x y +=的右焦点，M 为第一象限椭圆上的点，且MF x ⊥轴，直线MN 与圆221x y +=相切点N ，则||MN 等于__________．【解析】 由通径公式可得：2b MF a ==M ⎛ ⎝，由两点之间距离公式可得：OM ==，结合勾股定理可得：MN ===16.已知函数2()|log |f x x =，记函数()f x 在区间[],2t t +上的最大值为t M ，最小值为t m ，设函数()t t h t M m =-，若1[,4]2t ∈，则函数()h t 的值域为__________． 【答案】223log ,log 32⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】函数()f x 的图像如图所示，结合函数的图像分类讨论：当()0,1t ∈时，()22,3t +∈，函数()f x 在区间[],1t 上单调递减，在区间[]1,2t +上单调递增，()()(){}10,max ,2t t m f M f t f t ===+，求解方程()()2f t f t =+可得：1t =，当()1t ∈时，()()22log ,0,log t t M f t t m h t t ==-==-，当)1,1t ∈时，()()()()222log 2,0,log 2t t M f t t m h t t =+=+==+，当[)1,t ∈+∞时，()f x 在区间[],2t t +上单调递增，()()()()22222log 2log log 1h t f t f t t t t ⎛⎫=+-=+-=+ ⎪⎝⎭，综上可得：()()222log ,021log2,2112log 1,1t t h t t t t t ⎧⎪-<<-⎪⎪=+-<<⎨⎪⎛⎫⎪+≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩，结合对数函数的性质可得函数()h t 的值域为223,32log log ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦.点睛：求函数的值域的方法：①当所给函数是分式的形式，且分子、分母是同次的，可考虑用分离常数法；②若与二次函数有关，可用配方法；③当函数的图象易画出时，可以借助于图象求解．17.在边长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，,E F 分别为1,DA BB 的中点，,M N 分别为线段1111,D A A B 上的动点（不包括端点）满足EN FM ⊥，则线段MN 的长度的取值范围为__________．【答案】255⎡⎫⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭【解析】建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，由题意可得：()()1,0,0,2,2,1E F ，设()(),0,2,2,,2M x N y ，其中02,02x y <<<<，则()()1,,2,2,2,1EN y FM x u u u v u u u u v ==--，()(),1,,2.2,2,120EN FM EN FM y x x y ⊥∴⋅=--=-=u u u v u u u u v u u u v u u u u v Q ，据此可得：2,02,01x y x y =<<∴<<Q ，由空间中两点之间距离公式可得：()()()22222222222445,55MN x y y y y =-++-=-+⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭ 当45y =时，255MN =，当0y =时，2MN =， 结合二次函数的性质可得线段MN 的长度的取值范围为25,2⎡⎫⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭.点睛：1．用向量法解决立体几何问题，是空间向量的一个具体应用，体现了向量的工具性，这种方法可把复杂的推理证明、辅助线的作法转化为空间向量的运算，降低了空间想象演绎推理的难度，体现了由“形”转“数”的转化思想．2．两种思路：(1)选好基底，用向量表示出几何量，利用空间向量有关定理与向量的线性运算进行判断．(2)建立空间坐标系，进行向量的坐标运算，根据运算结果的几何意义解释相关问题．18.已知点(6,4)P 和直线:4l y x =，直线m 过点P 且分别与l 和x 轴交于,A B 两点，且点A 在第一象限.（1）当OP AB ⊥时，求AB 所在直线的直线方程；（2）当点(6,4)P 为AB 的中点时，求以AB 为直径的圆的方程.【答案】（1）32260x y +-=； （2）22(6)(4)32x y -+-=【解析】试题分析：（1）由题意可知2,3OP k =则32AB k =- ,直线AB 方程为：32260x y +-=；（2）由题意可知()10,0B ,()2,8A ，则圆的直径为AB =，圆的方程为：()()226432x y -+-=试题解析： （1）23,32OP AB k k =∴=-Q ,所以直线AB 方程为：32260x y +-=；（2）由()6,4P 为AB 的中点时,可知()10,0B ,()2,8A AB =， 所以以AB 为直径的圆的方程为：()()226432x y -+-=. 19.已知函数2()f x x ax a =++，()g x x =（1）若函数()()()F x f x g x =-的值域为[0,)+∞，求实数a 的值；（2）若函数2log ((2)1)xy f =+与()g x 图像有交点，求实数a 的取值范围.【答案】（1）3a =±（2）3a ≤-【解析】 试题分析：（1）函数的解析式()()21F x x a x a =+-+，满足题意时有2610a a ∆=-+= ，据此可得3a =±；（2）由题意可得方程()()221?210xxa a +-++= ，利用换元法，令2,0x t t =>，则方程()2110t a t a +-++=在()0,+∞ 上有解，结合均值不等式的结论可得3a ≤-试题解析：（1）由()()21F x x a x a =+-+，()2214610a a a a ∆=--=-+= ，得3a =±；（2）由()()221xlog f x +=，得()()221?210xx a a +-++= ，令2,0xt t =>，得关于t 的方程()2110t a t a +-++= 在()0,+∞ 上有解，得()()()()221311,1311tt a t t t a t t t -+⎡⎤+=--+=-=-++-⎢⎥++⎣⎦，由于()()31331t t ⎡⎤-++-≤-⎢⎥+⎣⎦，得3a ≤-20.如图，在三棱锥A BCD -中，BCD V 是正三角形，E 为其中心.面ABC ⊥面BCD ，30ACB ∠=o，2AB BC ==，M 是BD 的中点，2AN NM =u u u r u u u u r.（1）证明：//EN 面ABC ；（2）求BC 与面ANE 所成角的正弦值. 【答案】（1）证明见解析；（27【解析】 【分析】（1）连接CM ，由重心的性质可得在AMC V 中有AN CENM EM=，则//EN AC ，结合线面平行的判定定理可得//EN 平面ABC ；（2）解法一：作AF BC ⊥交CB 的延长线于F ，作//FH BM 交CM 的延长线于H ，由题意可得FCG ∠为BC 与面ANE 所成角，7sin 7FG FCG FC ∠==； 解法二：以BC 中点为原点，建立空间直角坐标系.可得()2,0,0CB =u u u r，面ANE的法向量为(3,3n =-r，则所求角的正弦值7sin cos<,>7n CB θ==r u u u r. 【详解】（1）连接CM ，因为E 是正三角形BCD V 的中心，所以E 在CM 上且2CE EM =，又2AN NM =u u u r u u u u r ，所以在AMC V 中有AN CENM EM=， 所以//EN AC ，又EN ⊄平面ABC ，AC ⊂平面ABC ，所以//EN 平面ABC ；（2）解法一：作AF BC ⊥交CB延长线于F ，作//FH BM 交CM 的延长线于H ，Q 面ABC ⊥面BCD ，面ABC I 面BCD BC =，AF BC ⊥，AF ⊂面ABC ，AF ∴⊥面BCD ，CH ⊂Q 平面BCD ，所以AF CH ⊥，又//FH BM ，所以FH CH ⊥，所以CH ⊥面AFH ，CH ⊂Q 平面ACH ，所以，面ACH ⊥面AFH ， 作FG AH ⊥，则FG ⊥面ACH ，连接CG ，则FCG ∠为BC 与面ANE 所成的角， ∴7sin FG FCG FC ∠==，即BC 与面ANE 所成角的正弦值为7； 解法二：以BC 中点为原点，建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.2AB BC ==Q ，30ACB ∠=o ，(3A ∴，()1,0,0B ，()1,0,0C -，()0,3,0D -，13,2M ⎛⎫∴ ⎪⎝⎭， (3CA =u u u r ，33,22CM ⎛⎫=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭u u u u r ，()2,0,0CB =u u ur .设面ANE 的法向量为(),,n x y z =r ，则00n CA n CM ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩u u u v v u u u u v v ，即3303302x z x y ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩， 取(3,3n =-r ，7sin cos<,>7n CB n CB n CBθ⋅∴===⋅r u u u r r u u u r r u u u r ，因此，BC 与面ANE所成角的正弦值为77. 【点睛】本题考查线面平行的证明，同时也考查了线面角正弦值的计算，考查推理能力与计算能力，属于中等题.21.已知点F 是抛物线22,(0)x py p =>的焦点，点A 是抛物线上的点，且(2,0)AF =u u u v，点,B C 是抛物线上的动点，抛物线在,B C 处的切线交于点D .（1）求抛物线的方程；（2）设直线,AC AB 的斜率分别为12,k k ，若BCD ∆的面积为32，求证：21k k -为定值. 【答案】（1）24x y =；（2）证明见解析 【解析】 试题分析：（1）设()00,,0,,2p A x y F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭结合()00,2,02p AF x y ⎛⎫=--= ⎪⎝⎭u u u v 可得抛物线的方程为24x y =（2）设()221212,,,,2,144x x B x C x A ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ，则过点B 的切线方程为21124x x y x =- ，过点C 的切线方程为22224x x y x =-，则BC 中点221212,28x x x x P ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭，由面积公式121·322BCD S DP x x ∆=-= ,得：128x x -= 故212124x x k k --== 为定值. 试题解析：（1）设()()0000,,0,,,2,022p p A x y F AF x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭u u u v ，得02,2x p =-= 所以抛物线的方程为24x y = ；（2）设()221212,,,,2,144x x B x C x A ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭， 过点B 的切线方程为()211142x x y x x -=- ，即21124x x y x =- ，同理过点C 的切线方程为22224x x y x =-，由2112222424x x y x x x y x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩得，1212·,24D D x x x x x y +== ,即1212·,24x x x x D +⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭， 取BC 中点221212,28x x x x P ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭， 322121212121211··32228416BCDx x x x x x S DP x x x x ∆-+=-=--== ,得：128x x -= ， 由21121211224,244x x x k k x ---===+ ，212124x x k k --== 为定值.点睛：直线与抛物线的位置关系和直线与椭圆、双曲线的位置关系类似，一般要用到根与系数的关系； 求定值问题常见的方法有两种：(1)从特殊入手，求出定值，再证明这个值与变量无关．(2)直接推理、计算，并在计算推理的过程中消去变量，从而得到定值．22.已知函数21()ln (1)2f x x ax a x =-+-（0a >）. （1）求函数()f x 的单调区间；（2）试问：函数()f x 图像上是否存在不同两点1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ，使得()f x 在122x x x +=处的切线l 平行于直线AB ，若存在，求出,A B 的坐标，若不存在，说明理由.【答案】（1）()f x 在(0,1)上单调递增，在(1,)+∞上单调递减；（2）证明见解析. 【解析】 试题分析：（1）结合函数的解析式可得()()()11ax x f x x+-'-=，据此可得()f x 在()0,1上单调递增，在()1,+∞上单调递减.（2）假设存在两点()()1122,,,A x y B x y ，不妨设120x x <<，则()2121122121112AB y y lnx lnx k a x x a x x x x --==-++---，且函数在1202x x x +=处的切线斜率()()120122·12x x k f x a a x x +==-+-+'，据此整理计算有： ()22112212112121x x x x x ln x x x x x ⎛⎫- ⎪-⎝⎭==++，令21x t x =，则1t >，则：()214211t lnt t t -==-++，421lnt t +=+，利用导函数研究函数的性质可得在()1,+∞内不存在t ，使得421lnt t +=+ ，则函数()f x 图象上是不存在满足题意的点. 试题解析： （1）由()()()1111ax x f x ax a x x+-=-+-=-'，又0,0a x >> 得10ax +> 故，当01x <<时，()0f x '>，当1x >时()0f x '<，∴ ()f x 在()0,1上单调递增，在()1,+∞上单调递减；（2）假设存在两点()()1122,,,A x y B x y ，不妨设120x x <<，则：()21111112y lnx ax a x =-+-，()22222112y lnx ax a x =-+-，故()()()()22212121212121112ABlnx lnx a x x a x x y y kx x x x ---+---==--=()211221112lnx lnx a x x a x x --++--， 在函数图象1202x x x +=处的切线斜率()()12120122·122x x x x k f x f a a x x ++⎛⎫===-+-⎪+⎝⎭''， 得：()211221112lnx lnx a x x a x x --++-- ()12122·12x x a a x x +=-+-+，化简得：2121122lnx lnx x x x x -=-+， ()22112212112121x x x x x ln x x x x x ⎛⎫- ⎪-⎝⎭==++， 令21x t x =，则1t >，上式化为：()214211t lnt t t -==-++，即421lnt t +=+， 若令()41g t lnt t =++，()()()()222114'11t g t t t t t -=-=++， 由()1,0t g t '≥≥， ()g t ∴在[)1,+∞上单调递增，()()12g t g >=， 这表明在()1,+∞内不存在t ，使得421lnt t +=+ . 综上，函数()f x 图象上是不存在不同两点()()1122,,,A x y B x y ，使得()f x 在122x x x +=处的切线l 平行于直线AB .点睛：导数是研究函数的单调性、极值(最值)最有效的工具，而函数是高中数学中重要的知识点，所以在历届高考中，对导数的应用的考查都非常突出 ，本专题在高考中的命题方向及命题角度 从高考来看，对导数的应用的考查主要从以下几个角度进行： (1)考查导数的几何意义，往往与解析几何、微积分相联系． (2)利用导数求函数的单调区间，判断单调性；已知单调性，求参数． (3)利用导数求函数的最值(极值)，解决生活中的优化问题． (4)考查数形结合思想的应用．。
上海市八校2017届高三上学期11月联考英语试题(解析版) - 副本
2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)第I卷（共90分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section B（10×1=10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.astonishinglyB. surroundingC. collapseD. unnoticedE. interruptedF. previouslyG. congratulateH. predictionsI. potential J. producing K. propertiesIn the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱）to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’v e acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15×1=15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warne d, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors.50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place51.A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused52.A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate53.A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed54.A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to55.A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingSection B（11×2=22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的）abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:The trees that have it in their pent-up budsTo darken nature and be summer woodsOne thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.A.he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ownerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.A.when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning of the apple tree(B)Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.Key HighlightsAlthough it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenicLake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park formsthe majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve.Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun.Key ActivitiesMountain walksThere are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed andwell marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountainpass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.Glacier viewing and skiingHelicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From Octoberuntil May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat.MountaineeringClimbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Seftonand La Perouse are quite popular..Key Tips●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snowand/or high winds.●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.A. Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC. Skiing on Tasman GlacierD. Climbing Mount Cook62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．A. properly evaluate your own experience and skillB. get your permit prepared before you start to climbC. hire local guides to help you to train for climbingD. avoid exploring glaciers in winter(C)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible con sequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among themillions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消）by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.63. In Paragraph 2, t he author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’sB. unemployment is more intolerable todayC. social programs are more in need nowD. income level has increased since the 1930’s64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.A. those doing a low-paid, part-time jobB. children in single-earner familiesC. workers who have just retiredD. full-time workers who become unemployed66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.Section C（4×2=8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousandsof lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which tolearn better.F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beingsare very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷(共50分）I.Summary (10分)Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor," Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.II. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分）Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。
安徽八校2017届高三语文12月联考试卷附解析
安徽八校2017届高三语文12月联考试卷（附解析）“皖南八校”2017届高三第二次联考语文第I卷（阅读题共70分）一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
《周易》思想的核心是“时中”，这是清代学者惠栋概括出来的。
他在《易汉学易尚时中说》中说：“易道深矣！一言以蔽之，曰‘时中’。
”这个概括是很精辟的，因为我们在《周易》里，随处可见“中”“时”或“时中”这样的字眼。
那么，什么是“时中”呢？“时”是指火候，是节点；“中”是位置，是分寸。
也就是说，人们行为处世，时间上能不能把握火候，空间上能不能把握尺度，是非常重要的。
我们常说“应时而行”“合乎时宜”“天时地利”，或者用现代人的话说就是“把握时机”，说的都是“时”的问题。
而“中”则是个度的问题，孔子说“中庸”，讲的也是度，即“无过无不及”，恰到好处，合乎中正之道。
能把握“时中”，事物便会处理得当，达到和谐状态。
我们不妨看看太极图，它在很大程度上阐述的就是这个问题。
太极图出现得比较晚，明朝初年赵搞谦的《六书本义》里首先提到它。
太极图中，白的代表阳，黑的代表阴；白的里边有黑点，黑的里边有白点，代表的是阴中有阳、阳中有阴。
在这个图里，阴与阳对应而生，相互拥抱又相互制约，你中有我，我中有你，和谐地处于统一体中。
阴与阳、黑与白，唯其不同，故能互动；唯其制约，故能和谐；唯其和谐，故有极强的运动感。
这一图示凝聚了先哲们对宇宙本质的认识和智能。
内外和谐是物质运动与生命存在的依据和条件，宇宙运动的目的是在追求永恒的和谐。
任何事物一旦失去和谐便走向崩溃，走向瓦解，走向死亡。
这种和谐精神体现在中国文化的各个领域。
“阴”与“阳”的概念，太极图能给我们哪些重要启示呢？第一，和谐。
“阴”与“阳”的本质是和谐，这在我们的生活中也处处有着体现。
我们常听中医说某人属于阳虚、某人属于阴虚，这就是不平衡，这个人至少属于亚健康状态，所以人要尽力保持身体阴阳的平衡。
由人自身生命体征的和谐扩大开去，人与人、人与自然、人与社会，同样需要保持和谐的状态。
2017届湖北省八校联考第二次联考理科综合试题解读
鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2017届高三第二次联考理综试题命题学校：华师一附中命题人：黄诗登胡戈薛莲易晓勇凌慧杨亚琴吴建阶黎萍审题人：许春叶志雄张中锋刘南徐晓辉蔡千喜黎昌林周攀侯金华张智慧考试时间：2017年3月16日上午9:00—11:30 试卷满分300分考试用时150分钟注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置．用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A方框涂黑．2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号．答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效．3．填空题和解答题作答：用黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内．答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效．4．选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑．考生应根据自己选做的题目准确填涂题号，不得多选．答题答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效．可能用到的相对原子质量：H－1 C－12 N－14 O－16 Na－23 Al－27 Si－28S－32 K－39 Cl－35.5 Mn－55 Cu－64第Ⅰ卷选择题共126分一、单项选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．下列关于酶的叙述正确的是A．酶是活细胞产生的具有催化作用的有机物B．一个细胞中酶的种类和数量始终不会改变C．酶通过提供化学反应的活化能提高反应速度D．低温破坏了酶的空间结构而使酶的活性降低2．下列有关细胞膜的叙述错误．．的是A ．细胞膜的组成成分包括脂质、蛋白质和糖类B ．细胞膜上蛋白质的种类和数目越多，功能越复杂C ．细胞膜具有物质运输、能量转换、信息传递的功能D ．细胞膜两侧的离子浓度差是通过被动运输实现的 3．细胞的有丝分裂与减数分裂共有的特征是 A ．子细胞中染色体与核DNA 的比值都为21 B ．都有DNA 的复制和有关蛋白质的合成C ．都存在基因突变和基因重组D ．都存在同源染色体的联会和分离4．下列有关人体免疫的叙述正确的是A ．在抗原的刺激下T 细胞产生抗体能发挥免疫作用B ．记忆细胞再次接触同种抗原后可增殖分化为浆细胞C ．抗原的加工处理和传递过程只存在于体液免疫中D ．非特异性免疫只能针对某一特定的病原体起作用 5．下列关于神经兴奋的叙述正确的是A ．神经细胞外Na +的内流是产生和维持静息电位的基础B ．Na +、K +、神经递质等物质出入细胞均不需要消耗A TPC ．兴奋引起神经递质的释放是电信号变成化学信号的过程D ．兴奋在离体的神经纤维上和体内反射弧中均为双向传导6．玉米种子颜色由三对等位基因控制，符合基因自由组合定律。
湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答
湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答1 / 61鄂南高中 华师一附中 黄冈中学 黄石二中 荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2021届高三第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试 题命题学校：荆州中学 命题人：荣培元 审题人：邓海波 张云辉 马玮 第一卷一.选择题：此题共12小题，每题5分，在每题给出的四个选项中， 只有一项为哪一项符合题目要求的 ..10i复数z(i 为虚数单位)的虚部为3 i15A.1B. 3C. 3D.42. 集合Ax|2x21,Bxx 2 2x 3，那么(C R A)B=A.[2,1)B. (, 2]C.[ 2, 1) (3,)D.(2,1)(3,)以下选项中，说法正确的选项是A.假设ab0，那么log 1alog 1b2 2B.向量a (1,m),b (m,2m 1) (mR)共线的充要条件是m 0C.命题“nN *,3n (n 2)2n1〞的否认是“n N *,3n (n2) 2n1〞 D.函数f(x)在区间[a,b]上的图象是连续不断的， 那么命题“假设f(a) f(b)0，那么f(x)在区 间(a,b)内至少有一个零点〞的逆命题为假命题 4. 实数a 3，blog 3，c 3的大小关系是A.abcB.acbC.bacD.bca5. 函数yx的图象大致是x 21A.B.C.D.3 2dx,数列{a n }是各项为正数的等比数列 ,那么a 4a2的最小值为6.xa 3A. 2 3B.2C. 6 3D.6某几何体的三视图如下图，那么该几何体的外表积为 A.3 4 B. 4 2湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答2 / 629 411 4C.D.22x y38.假设实数x,y 满足x y3 ，那么(x1)2 y 2的最小值为x 2y6A.2 2B.10 C.8 D.10成书于公元五世纪的?张邱建算经?是中国古代数学史上的杰作，该书中记载有很多数列问题，说明古人很早就注意到了数列并且有很深的研究，从下面这首古民谣中可知一二：南山一棵竹，竹尾风割断，剩下三十节，一节一个圈.头节高五寸①，头圈一尺三②. 逐节多三分③，逐圈少分三④.一蚁往上爬，遇圈那么绕圈 . 爬到竹子顶，行程是多远？此民谣提出的问题的答案是 三分即尺.分三即一分三厘，等于尺.) (注： ① 五寸即尺. ② 一尺三即尺.③④ A. 尺 B.尺 C. 尺 D.尺3(1)x(x 0)10.直线ykx(kR)与函数f(x)4的图象恰有三个不同的公共点，那么实数1x 22 (x0)2k 的取值范围是A.(3,)B.(, 2)(2,)C. ( , 2)D.(2,)2ax 311. x1是函数f(x) bx lnx( a 0,b R)的一个极值点，那么 lna 与b 1 的大小关系是A.lnab1B. lna b 1C. lnab1D.以上都不12. f(x)si nxcosx ( 1,x R)，假设f(x)的任何一条对称轴与x 轴交不属于区间(2,3 )，那么 4的取值范围是3 11 1119 B. 1 5 ] 5 , 3C. 3 7 7 11D.1 3A.[, ] [ , ] (, [ ][ , ][ ,](,8 12 8 12 4 12 8 48 12 8 124 4第二卷本卷包括必考题和选考题两局部 .第13 题至第21题为必考题，每个试题考生须 22题至第23题为选考题，考生根据要求作答.二、填空题：此题共4小题，每题 5分.请将答案填在答题卡对应题号的位置上，答置、书写不 清、模棱两可均不得分. 13. 向量a ，b 的夹角为 ，且a (a b) 1，|a| 2，那么|b| .3 *3数列满足：a1,a2,aa14. {a n } 2 2 1 a(nN)，函数 f(x)1 n n naxf(a 4) 9，那么f(a 1)f(a 2021)的值是 .15. 定义四个数a,b,c,d 的二阶积和式 abad bc.九个数的三阶积和式可用如下化为二c d2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第1页〔共10页〕 2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第2页〔共10页湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答3 / 63a 1 a 2 a 3b 2 b 3b 1b 3b 1b 2 阶积和式进行计算：b 1 b 2 b 3 a 2a 3a 1c 3c 1c 3c 1 .函数c 1 c 2 c 3 c 2c 2n 29 f(n)n 1 n (nN *)，那么f(n)的最小值为.1 2n16.如下图，五面体ABCDFE 中，AB//CD//EF ，四边形ABCD ， ABEF ，CDFE 都是等腰梯形，并且平面 ABCD 平面ABEF ，AB12,CD 3,EF4，梯形ABCD 的高为3，EF 到平面ABCD 的距离为 6 ，那么此五面体的体积为 .三.解答题：此题共 6小题.解容许写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(本小题总分值 12 分)ABC 中，角A,B,C 的对边分别为a,b,c，3sinC ccosB.〔Ⅰ〕求角B 的大小；b〔Ⅱ〕点D 为边AB 上的一点，记BDC，假设2 ，CD 2,AD5，a8 5，求sin 与b 的值.518.(本小题总分值12分)函数f(x)Asin( x)(A0,0,)的局部图象如下图.〔Ⅰ〕求f(x)的表达式； 2〔Ⅱ〕把函数yf(x)的图象向右平移个单位后得到函数g(x)的图4象，假设函数h(x)ax1 g(x)在( ,)单调递增，g(2x)2求实数a 的取值范围.19.(本小题总分值12分)3na*两数列{ a n }，{b n } 满足 b1 N ) ， 3b 1 10a 1 ，其中 {a n } 是公差大于零的等差n n (n数列，且a 2，a 7，b 2 1成等比数列.〔Ⅰ〕求数列{a n }的通项公式；〔Ⅱ〕求数列{b n }的前n 项和S n .(本小题总分值12分)一奶制品加工厂以牛奶为原料分别在甲、乙两类设备上加工生产A 、B 两种奶制品备加工一桶牛奶，需耗电 12千瓦时，可得 3千克A 制品；如用乙类设备加工一桶牛奶，需瓦时，可得 4千克B 制品.根据市场需求，生产的A 、B 两种奶制品能全部售出，每千克A 获利元，每千克 B 获利b 元.现在加工厂每天最多能得到 50桶牛奶，每天两类设备工作耗电得超过480 千瓦时，并且甲类设备每天至多能加工 102千克A 制品，乙类设备的加工其生产方案是：每天用 x 桶牛奶生产A 制品，用y 桶牛奶生产B 制品(为了使问题研究简化可以不为整数).〔Ⅰ〕假设a24，b16 ，试为工厂制定一个最正确生产方案〔记此最正确生产方案为F为何值时，使工厂每天的获利最大，并求出该最大值；(Ⅱ)随着季节的变换和市场的变化，以及对原配方的改良，市场价格也发生变化，获利也随市场波动.假设a24(14 )，b16(1552)〔这里0 1〕，其它条件不变，试范围，使工厂当且仅当采取〔Ⅰ〕中的生产方案F 0时当天获利才能最大.．．．．21.(本小题总分值12分)ax ,a0函数f(x)ln(x2a).〔Ⅰ〕求f(x)的单调区间；〔Ⅱ〕记f(x)的最大值为M(a)，假设a 2 a 10且M(a 1)M(a 2)，求证：a 1a 2〔Ⅲ〕假设a2,记集合{x|f(x)0}中的最小元素为x 0,设函数g(x)|f(x)|x ，求的极小值点.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答，如果多做，那么按所做第一题计分． (本小题总分值10分)选修4-4：坐标系与参数方程x 1cos在直角坐标标系xoy 中，曲线C 1:sin 29(为参数,R 〕，在以原点y4轴非负半轴为极轴的极坐标系中〔取相同的长度单位〕，曲线C 2:sin()4C 3: 2cos .〔Ⅰ〕求曲线 C 1与C 2的交点M 的直角坐标； 〔Ⅱ〕设A,B 分别为曲线C 2，C 3上的动点，求 A B 的最小值.(本小题总分值10分)选修4-5：不等式选讲 设函数f(x)xa ,aR .〔Ⅰ〕当a2时，解不等式： f(x)62x5；〔Ⅱ〕假设关于x 的不等式f(x)4的解集为[1,7]，且两正数s 和t 满足2sta ，求2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第3页〔共10页〕 2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第4页〔共10页湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答4 / 642021届高三第一次联考数学(理科)试题参考答案号 12 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12答案BC DCADCCBDBC13.3 14.1815.2116.5717.〔Ⅰ〕由3sinCc，得3sinCsinC0，sinBtanB3 cosBbcosB，sinCcosB，sinB3B，B6 .⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯...4分〔Ⅱ〕在BCD 中，CDBCasinBsin,BDCsin2 8 52 55 ，sin. .⋯⋯⋯⋯...8分sin30sin5角，ADC 角，cosADC cos()1 sin 25 ，5在ADC 中，由余弦定理，得b 2AD 2CD 22ADCDcos5 4 25 2555，所以b5.⋯⋯⋯⋯...12分18.〔Ⅰ〕由可知，A 1，最小正周期T2(5) 22 ，14.4又2 2k (kZ ),且||，4 .f(x) sin(x). ⋯⋯⋯...5分424〔Ⅱ〕g(x)f(x) sinx ,⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ (7)分4h(x)ax1g(2x) g(x) ax1sinx ，2sin2x21 9 h(x)a cos2xcosx2cos 2xcosx1a2(cosx)2 a ，4 8 9h(x)在,h(x)0恒成立 h(x)min0， 增，，a8a9 ，即a 的取范[9,).⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯...12分8819.〔Ⅰ〕{a n }的公差d (d0), 3b 1 10a 1,3(13a 1) 10a 1,a 13.又a 2a 1d3 d ，a 7a 1 6d3(1 2d)，b 21 9a2 9(3d)，由a 2，a 7，b 21成等比数列，得9(12d)2 9(3 d)2，d0， 12d3d ，da n 3(n1)2n2. 1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯...6分〔Ⅱ〕因a n2n1，所以b n1 (2n 1)3n ，于是，S n (1 33) (1532)(1 (2n 1)3n )，令T3315322n1 3n ①3T3325332①②，得2T 312233 n3n2n 133 232 192323n12n13n12n3n1，Tn3n1，13故S n nn3n1n(13n1)．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯...12分工厂每天的利z 元.由，得z3ax4by ,且12x 8y480x y 50，作出可行域如所示〔中阴影区域〕.⋯⋯3分3x102x 0,y〔Ⅰ〕z 3ax 4by 72x 64y ，当z72x64y 的直直12x8y 480与xy50的交点(20,30)，z 取最大3360. 即最正确生方案 F 0x 20,y 30，工厂每天的最大利3360元.⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯...6分(Ⅱ)使z当且当x20,y30取最大，直z 3ax4by 的斜率3a 足123a4b1，⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..8分8 4b所以4a 2 ， 8 14524，注意到155 20 ，3b 91 5 32021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第5页〔共10页〕 2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第6页〔共10页湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答5 / 6540 24 1 0 (4)24401 0，402410恒成立；所以281 ，20由202810，得1 1，01，01，10221故 的取值范围为(0, )....12分21( a)(x2a 1)21.〔Ⅰ〕f(x)aa ，因为x2a ，a0，由f(x)0 ，得x 2ax2a2ax 1 2a ；由f (x) 0 ，得 x 1 2a ；aa所以，f(x)的增区间为(2a,12a)，减区间为(12a, )....3分f(1a a〔Ⅱ〕由〔Ⅰ〕知，M(a)2a) 2a 2 1 lna ， (4)分a2a 121 lna 12a 2 2 1 lna 2，2(a 2 2 a 12) lna 2lna 1lna 2,a 1a 2 a 2aa 2a 1 a2lna 24a 1a 2 (2ln2 4a 1a 2a 1,2a 1a 221ln2 a 1 ) a1 , a2 a 1a 1a 2a 1a 2)(a 2a 1设h(t)t 1 2lnt 〔t1〕，那么h(t) 11 2(1 1)2 0，tt 2 tt所以，h(t)在(1,)上单调递增， h(t)h(1)0，即t1 2lnt0，因a 2 1，故ta 1a 2 a 1a 22ln a 212ln0,a 11 ,所以a 1a 2 ...8分a 1 a 2 a 1 a 2a 1.)4(a 2a 1〔Ⅲ〕由(Ⅰ)可知，f(x)在区间(2a,12a)单调递增，又x2a 时，f(x).易知，f(1a2a) M(a)2a 2 1 lna 在(2,) 递增，M(a)M(2)7 ln20，a2ax 012a ，且2ax x 0时，f(x)0；x 0x12a 时，f(x)0.a a1(a 1)x ln(x 2a) (2ax x 0)当2ax2a 时，g(x)1，a ln(x 2a) (a 1)x (x x2a)a于是2a xx 0时，g(x)(a 1)1(a 1)1,〔所以，假设能证明x 01x 2a x 0a2a1明(a1) 1 2a 0〕.记H(a)f( 1 12a) 2a 21 1 ln(a 1)，那么x 0aa 1H (a)4a11)21 ，a 2，H(a)81 1 0， H(a)在(2,(a a 19 3增，H(a)H(2)22 ln3 0 ，1 2a 1 2a ， f(x)在(23a1a( 1 2a)x 0 (12a) ,于是 2a xx 0时，〔2a,〕内单调递增，2a,1a111ag(x) (a1)(a 1)(a 1)0,g(x)在(2a,x 0)递减.2a x 02ax1 2a 2aa 1当x 012a 时，相应的g(x)1 (a 1)1(a1) 1 0x1ax2a2a) 2a(,1ag(x)在(x 0 2a)递增.故x 0是g(x)的极小值点....12分ax 1 cos9cos 251)2,22.(Ⅰ)由C 1:y sin29，得y1(x444曲线C 1的普通方程为y5 (x 1)2〔 0 x 2〕,4由C 2:sin( )2 ，得曲线 C 2的直角坐标系普通方程为xy 1 0.24y 5 (x1)2 12x5 0，x1 (x 5 舍〕，y3由4 ，得4x 2，xy1 0222所以点M 的直角坐标为(1,3). (5)分22〔Ⅱ〕由C 3:2cos ，得 22 cos ， 曲线C3 的直角坐标系普通方程为x 22021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第7页〔共10页〕 2021届高三八校第一次联考数学〔理科〕试题第8页〔共10页湖北省八校2017届高三上学期第一次联考试题解答6 / 66即(x1)2y 2 1，那么曲线C 3的圆心(1,0)到直线xy10的距离d|101| 2，圆C 32的半径为1，所以|AB|min21....10分x52523.(Ⅰ)不等式即x22x 56，2x①或②2x22x56x252x6x2.由①，得x13 ；由②，得 x；由③，得x1或③3；2x52x63所以，原不等式的解集为( ,1] [13,)....5分3 3(Ⅱ)不等式f(x)4即4 x a4， a4 x a4， a 41且a 4 7，a3.18 1(1 8)(2s t)1(10 t 16s ) 1(102 t16s )6 ....10分st3st3 st3st说明:各题评分时评分标准可根据情况适当细化.2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第9页〔共10页〕 2021届高三八校第一次联考 数学〔理科〕试题 第10页〔共10。
(理综含答案)2017届八校高三第一次联考试题和答案解析
鄂南高中华师一附中黄冈中学黄石二中荆州中学孝感高中襄阳四中襄阳五中2017届高三第一次联考理综试题命题学校：黄冈中学命题人：郑成黄志鹏李尉军审题人：郑帆化学组李神斌考试时间：2016年12月9日上午9:00—11:30 试卷满分300分考试用时150分钟注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A方框涂黑。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。
3．填空题和解答题作答：用黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。
4．选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用2B铅笔涂黑。
考生应根据自己选做的题目准确填涂题号，不得多选。
答题答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 B—11 N—14 O—16 Na—23 Al—27 P—31Cl—35.5 Fe—56 Ni—59 Cu—64第Ⅰ卷（选择题共126分）一、单项选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列叙述错误．．的是A.一个核糖体只能结合两个tRNA分子B.圆褐固氮菌通过内质网合成磷脂C.酵母菌的细胞核中可以合成rRNA和DNAD.HIV、SARS病毒都只含有RNA一类核酸2.下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是A.细胞吸收甘油、脂肪酸可促进水分渗出B.膜蛋白减少不影响无机盐离子的吸收速率C.缺氧不影响细胞的胞吞和胞吐的速率D.神经纤维兴奋时，Na+流入细胞不消耗ATP3.下列关于人类遗传和变异的叙述，正确的是A.原癌基因和抑癌基因都可以传递给子代B.Y染色体基因遗传病具有交叉遗传的特点C.染色体数目变异不影响群体的基因频率D.母亲的线粒体突变基因只传递给女儿4.关于细胞生命历程的叙述，正确的是A.人的成熟红细胞没有细胞核，凋亡速率比吞噬细胞快B.成年人体内细胞的自然更新是通过细胞凋亡完成的C.肌细胞中只有与肌动蛋白合成有关的基因处于活动状态D.原始海洋中，真核细胞的出现标志着生物进化的开始5.下图表示细胞间信息交流的一种方式，能以此方式进行信息交流的一组细胞是A.反射弧中相邻的神经元B.甲状腺细胞与下丘脑细胞C.效应T细胞与靶细胞D.根尖成熟区相邻的细胞6. 关于一个叶肉细胞中的叶绿体和线粒体，下列叙述正确的是A. O2产生于叶绿体内膜，可以消耗于线粒体内膜B.细胞质基质产生酒精时，细胞中的CO2全部被叶绿体同化C.线粒体产生ATP的部位是内膜和基质，叶绿体的是类囊体D.两种细胞器分解水产生的[H]全部用于水的合成7．化学与人类的生活息息相关，下列有关说法正确的是A．因铝表面能形成致密的氧化膜，所以铝制餐具可以长期使用B．因废弃物易污染环境，腈纶不宜大量取代棉、麻等天然材料C．SiO2用途广泛，因其高熔点的特性成为光导纤维的主要原料D．有机玻璃（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）是通过缩聚反应制得的8．设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值。
上海市八校2017届高三上学期11月联考英语试题(解析版) - 副本
2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）第I卷(共90分)II。
Grammar and VocabularySection A（10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage。
Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent。
For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word。
For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct。
Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain？It is about three young American women （21）_______（search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it。
Far—fetched Hollywood？Well，from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact，set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language，to the Old French romanz escrive，（22) _______means “to write in a Romance language，” and on to the English romance。
八校联考试卷评讲
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能够创立“药用植物亲缘学”的原因： ①善于运筹，潜心研究。肖培根接受中药普查的重任， 确定普查范围和方向，虚心请教，边干边学，编写出 第一部《中药志》，奠定扎实的学术根基。 ②交流融合，见广识多。肖培根赴西非考察，采集整 理药用植物种子；入世界卫生组织总部工作，编制世 界药用植物名录，极大地增长了见识，学术底蕴更加 厚重。（含客观条件） ③自力更生，不负使命。西方对我国实行进口药的封 锁，肖培根不辞艰辛，完成寻找替代进口药国产资源 的使命，找到了创建药用植物亲缘学的灵感。 ④视野开阔，思路开放。肖培根能触类旁通，发现植 物形态、成分、疗效之间的相关性，通过计算机和数 学模式加以整理从而找到规律，从而催生“药用植物 亲缘学”。（答对一点给一分）
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பைடு நூலகம்
透过试题 看小说、传记的答题规范
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程子的性格特点： ①痴情专一，表现在他对戏曲对梨花白都很痴 迷。 ②细心体贴，比如在送梨花白回家的路途上， 小心翼翼，不想打扰梨花白休息。 ③吃苦耐劳，每天都送梨花白回家，不避风雨。 ④善良勇敢，在梨花白处于危险之时，舍命救 人。 ⑤乐观坚韧，在腿脚残疾的情况下，自力更生。 （答对一点给1分，两点给3分，三点给5分。 每点概括1分，分析1分。）
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谢谢大家 恳请各位，批评指正！
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却未 在与 枝群 头芳 独同 欢温 笑暖
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树立一种意识：
答案来源于文本！
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15. 评价文学作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度。 【参考答案】 ①首联诗人用“又”“叹息”等词，表达了面 对金兵的多次入侵，自己却无能为力、有才不 得展的愤懑。（2分） ②颔联诗人用设问的方式表现了对朝廷现状的 不满，表达了对“匡扶社稷”的英豪的期盼之 情。（2分） ③颈联与尾联通过对自己漂泊的状态及国无定 都的现状的描写，表达了对自己和朝廷前途命 运的担忧。（2分）
20.【命题立意】考查“语言简明、连贯、得 体、准确、鲜明、生动” 。 【参考答案】
①也要有物的条件
②还要加上加工改造的工具和 媒介 ③也是主客观的统一体
【难度说明】困难
21. 语言表达简明、连贯、得体、准确、鲜明、 生动。 【参考答案】
（1）跳槽的主要群体是具备一定资历， 工作2-3年的员工。（2分）个人发展 空间小，福利待遇低是跳槽的主因。 （2分） （2）企业在提高员工福利待遇的同时， 应选定有一定工作年限或资历的员工， 给他们提供更好的工作环境，创造更 好的发展空间。（2分）
5.本题考查考生对作品内容的分析概括能力。 【参考答案】 ①积极投身五四运动，在五四新文化运动中挺身而出， 他是扛大旗的人，不顾个人安危担任学生游行的总指 挥。（1分） ②坚持抗日，在“九一八”事变发生，日本占领东 北后，站在史家的立场为民族争人格，坚决反对国民 党政权退让，认为“亦须抗战到底也”。（1分） ③坚持独立人格，即使与陈独秀有不同的政治信仰 ，也立即站出来为这位北大时代的老师说话，颂赞陈 独秀。（1分） ④工作不任人唯亲，主持中央院士的选举，将当时 批评国民党很厉害、完全靠近左翼的学者郭沫若、马 寅初选为院士。（1分）
13. 考查考生文言文的理解能力和现代汉 语的表达能力。 （1）王德在外统领军队，擅呢）？ （得分点“总兵”“专杀”“而”各1分， 句意2分） （2）君臣互相信任，古今没有第二， （张浚如今）却最终遭到别人非议，以 致被放逐。（得分点“相信”“物 议”“窜逐”各1分，句意2分）
6、本题考查考生对作品鉴赏评价的能力。 【参考答案】①写出了傅斯年一生与五四运动的密 切关系，傅斯年受五四民主与科学思想的影响形成了 自己关于学术、文化与政治的基本看法。（1分） a.在思想上，傅斯年站在新旧思想斗争的前沿，向 封建主义发动猛烈进攻，具有坚定的道德理想担当,追 求自由与民主。（1分） b.在学术上，他以全部热情投身于学术和教育事业 ，从古史辨和疑古思潮中拯救古史，在学术、教育上 做出了举世瞩目的业绩。（1分） ②形象地指出了傅斯年是“五四”孕育出来的新型 知识分子，（1分）概括了文章主要内容，暗示了文 章的主旨。（1分）
（1）浊酒一杯家万里，燕 然未勒归无计。 （2）剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬。 （3）艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，潦 倒新停浊酒杯。
17. 正确使用词语（包括熟语）。
【参考答案】A ①鞭长莫及，我国古代成语，出自《左传》，释为虽然鞭子很 长，但总不能打到马肚子上，比喻距离太远而无能为力，也 借指力量达不到，力所不及。这是对的。 ②不瘟不火，指戏曲不沉闷乏味，也不急促，恰到好处。也可 指表演既不沉闷，也不火爆。也指性格温和义和销售行情不 火爆义。这是对的。 ③如数家珍：好像数自己家藏的珍宝那样清楚.比喻对所讲的事 情十分熟悉。这是错的。 ④好整以暇，既严整有序又从容不迫的样子，起初用于形容军 队，后也可以用于个人。这是对的。 ⑤胼手胝足，胼、胝：老茧。皮肤等的异常变硬和增厚,一般是 指长期从事体力劳动者，手脚生茧。形容十分辛勤劳动。这 是对的。 ⑥不闻不问：人家说的不听，也不主动去问，形容对事情不关 心。这里应用宠辱不惊（指受宠或受辱都不放在心上。形容 不以得失而动心。 ）。
8.本题考查考生欣赏作品的形象。 【参考答案】 ①身形瘦小（弱），小时候经常受人欺负 。 ②爬树本领高超，因此改善了生活，并乐 此不疲。 ③深爱大树，非常怀念村落原有的健康生 态，并积极努力尝试恢复。 ④痛恨开发商毁坏村落生态的行为，不为 金钱诱惑。（每点1分，答出大意即可）
9. 赏析作品的内涵，领悟作品的艺术魅力。 ①前一次坠落因为柔软的土窝窝安然无恙，后一次坠 落因为坚硬的水泥地失去了生命。 ②繁茂的大树、温软的土窝窝这些村落的原生态是毛 猴精神家园的支柱，有了它们，毛猴才是鲜活的；而 高耸的钢筋混凝土建筑和遍及脚下的水泥地冰凉生硬， 它们不是毛猴能够生活的地方。 ③毛猴的死并非纯属偶然，村落被破坏，使得他失去 了生活的乐趣，失去了精神的归宿。即便毛猴没有摔 死，他也不再是以前的那个坐在大树顶上远眺呼啸的 毛猴了。 ④我们应该重视对村落自然生态的保护，不能为了眼 前的利益而肆意破坏祖辈们留给我们的宝贵遗产。 （第一点2分，其余任意答出两点4分，答出大意即可）