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Orbi路由器与卫星设备配置指南说明书

Se questo è il primo satellite Orbi che si sta aggiungendo alla rete Orbi, attenersi alla seguente procedura:Posizionare il satellite Orbi nell'area centrale della casa per ottenere la migliorecopertura WiFi.Collegare il satellite Orbi a una fonte di alimentazione. Il LED di alimentazione sul pannello posteriore del satellite Orbi si illumina in verde. Se il LED di alimentazione non siaccende, premere il pulsante di alimentazione.2. Posizionare il satellite Orbi (prosegue)Se sono già stati impostati un router e un satellite Orbi sulla rete Orbi, seguirequesta procedura:Posizionare il satellite Orbi in un angolo della propria casa lontano dal router e satelliteOrbi esistenti, ma comunque all'interno dell'area di copertura del router e satellite Orbi.Se la propria abitazione ha più piani, posizionare il satellite Orbi su un piano diverso daquello del router e satellite Orbi esistenti.Collegare il satellite Orbi a una fonte di alimentazione. Il LED di alimentazione sulpannello posteriore del satellite Orbi si illumina in verde. Se il LED di alimentazione non si accende, premere il pulsante di alimentazione.Router Orbi Satellite OrbiRouter OrbiSatellite OrbiSatellite Orbi3. Sincronizzare il satellite OrbiAttendere circa due minuti prima che il LED circolare del satellite Orbi sia bianco fisso.Quindi, premere il pulsante Sync (Sincronizza) sul retro del satellite Orbi e, entro due minuti,premere il pulsante Sync (Sincronizza) sul retro del router Orbi.Il LED circolare del satellite Orbi si accende di colore bianco, in seguito il colore cambia in unodei seguenti colori per circa 3 minuti e quindi si spegne:BluIl router e il satellite Orbi sono stati sincronizzati correttamente e la connessione tra ilrouter e il satellite è buona.ArancioneIl router e il satellite Orbi sono stati sincronizzati correttamente e la connessione tra ilrouter e il satellite è sufficiente. Avvicinare il satellite Orbi al router Orbi.MagentaIl router e il satellite Orbi non sono stati sincronizzati. Spostare il satellite più vicino alrouter e riprovare.LED circolare (non mostrato nell'immagine)Pulsante Sync (Sincronizza) (utilizzato anche per la connessione WPS)Porte Ethernet Porta USBPulsante e LED di alimentazione Connettore di alimentazione CC Pulsante di ripristinoSupportoGrazie per aver acquistato questoprodotto NETGEAR. Visitare il sito Web /support per registrare il prodotto, ricevere assistenza, accedere ai download e manuali più recenti per l'utente e partecipare alla nostra community. Consigliamo di utilizzare solo risorse di assistenza NETGEAR ufficiali.Per consultare la Dichiarazione diconformità UE attuale, visitare la pagina: /app/answers/detail/a_id/11621/.Per informazioni sulla conformità alle normative, visitare il sito Web all'indirizzo /about/regulatory/.Prima di collegare l'alimentazione, consultare il documento relativo alla conformità normativa.NETGEAR INTL LTDBuilding 3, University Technology CentreCurraheen Road, Cork, IrlandaNETGEAR, Inc.350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA 95134, Stati Uniti© NETGEAR, Inc. NETGEAR e il logo NETGEAR sono marchi di NETGEAR, Inc. Qualsiasi marchio non NETGEAR è utilizzato solo come riferimento.Ottobre 2016Tutto impostato!Satellite Orbi (modello RBS50)Alimentatore(varia in base all'area geografica)213421567。

意大利语中的一些常用词汇汇总

意大利语中的一些常用词汇汇总~ A abbandonare离开，抛弃，放弃，abbastanza 足够的，相当的abitare 住，居住，abito 衣服，习惯，accadere （偶然，突然）发生accanto 附近，旁边accendere 点，开，引起accettare 接受，同意accogliere 接受，接待，收集，accompagnare 陪同，陪伴，accordo 同意，协定，accorgersi 发觉，意识到，注意到，acqua 水addirittura 甚至，addosso 在身上，负担adesso 现在，马上，affare 事情，生意affatto 完全的，一点也不，affermare 确认affrontare 面对，应付，研究处理，aggiungere 添加，补充ah 感叹词aiutare 帮助，aiuto 帮助albergo 旅店，albero 树alcuno 一些，有些，allontanare 使离开，allora那时候，当时，almeno 至少，alto 高altro 另外的，其他的，alzare 抬，举，起床amare 爱，喜爱，ambiente 社会，周围，americano 美国人ammazzare 杀，自杀（AMMZZARSI）ammettere 接受，允许，承认，ampio 宽阔，宽广，anche 也，ancora 还，andare 走，离开，angolo 角，拐角，anima 灵魂，animale 动物，animo 脑子，心，anno 年annunciare 宣布，发表，转告，antico 古代的，anzi 反而，甚至，干脆，apparire 出现，显现，appartenere 由谁，归谁，appena 刚刚，一，就，勉强，appoggiare 靠，倚，身体的紧挨appunto 正是，恰恰是，aprire 打开，argomento 题目，题材，论证，文章的概要，arma 武器，armare 武装，装备，arrestare 逮捕，拘留，阻止arrivare 到达，发生，arte 艺术，articolo 冠词，物品，商品，ascoltare 听，aspettare 等待，aspetto 等待，外表，外貌，assai 很多，许多，很，十分，assicurare 保障，，保险，assistere 出席，参加，照看，病人，assoluto 独裁的，绝对的，assumere 承担，采取，attaccare 粘贴，挂，传给（疾病）atteggiamento 姿势，态度，attendere 担心，注意，attento 注意的，当心，小心，attenzione 注意，当心，留神，attesa 等待，attimo 片刻，瞬间，attività活动，事业，atto 行为，姿态，样子，attore 男演员，attorno 周围，attraversare 穿过，attuale 出席的，流行的，aumentare 增加，automobile 汽车autore 司机，autorità权利，权威，avanti 前面，事先avanzare 前进，朝过，优先，欠债，剩，avere 有avvenire 发生，将来，未来，avvertire 通知，警告，avvicinare 接近，靠近，avvocato 律师azione 行为，行动，股份azzurro 蓝颜色Bbaciare 吻亲吻badare 照顾照料bagno 沐浴洗澡bambina 儿童小孩孩子(女)bambino 儿童小孩孩子(男)base 底部基部根基basso 低的矮的bastare 够足够足以battaglia 战役战斗battere 打击敲bellezza 美美丽bello 美丽的漂亮的好看的美好的好的bene 合适的正确地顺利地bere 喝饮喝酒bestia 牲畜兽类bianco 白的白色的biondo 金黄色的bisognare 需要必须应该bisogno 需要必要bocca 口腔嘴bosco 树木森林braccio 手臂胳膊bravo 好的能干的优良的breve 1.短期的短暂的短促的2.(罗马教皇的)敕书(古罗马教皇的)敕书bruciare 焚烧烧毁灼伤brutto 丑陋的难看的buio 黑暗的buono 1.好的2.债券票证单据buttare 丢掷抛扔Ccadere 掉下倒恰逢caffè咖啡calcio 踢足球caldo 热的cambiare 换更换camera 房间camminare 步步行campagna 农村乡下campo 场地田地cane 狗犬cantare 唱唱歌capace 可容纳的能干的capello 头发毛发capire 懂理解明白capitare 到达到手碰上巧遇carattere 个性字体caratteristico 特有的独特的carne 肉类肉食caro 1.亲爱的2.高价猛涨carta 纸牌casa 房子房屋住宅caso 情况意外cattivo 坏的恶的不道德的cattolico 天主教的信奉天主教的causa 原因理由（a causa di) cavallo 马骑兵celebrare 赞颂颂扬赞扬centrale 中心的主要的centro 一百cercare 找寻找寻求certamente 肯定的当然的certo当然che 哪一个什么chi 谁chiamare 呼唤叫叫来chiaro 明白的明亮的chiave 钥匙chiedere 请求要求问chiesa 教堂教派教会chilometro 千米公里chissà谁知道也许chiudere 关闭ci 在这里向我们ciascuno 每个每人cielo 天空(importantissimo)ciò此这个那个cioè既就是说也就是circa 大约città城市cittadino 市民civile 公民的市民的civiltà文明文化classe 班级阶级collina 小山山丘丘陵地区collo 项劲脖子colore 色颜色coloro 他们（pl. colui)colpa 过错过失错误colpire 打击击中colpo 打击come 如同像如何多么作为cominciare 开始着手commercio 商业贸易买卖commissione 委托拥金手续费comodo 1.舒服的2.舒适的设备方便便利compagnia 1.同事2.非常相似的一样的compagno 陪伴陪同结伴compiere 完成结束completamente 完全的全面的comporre 组成构成comprare 买comprendere 包括包含comune 公有的公共的comunicazione 通讯通告comunque 无论如何不管怎样con 与同和 ..............一起带着穿着concedere 赐与授予concetto 概念观念看法评价concludere 结束做完完成condizione 条件condurre 引导带领进行开展confessare 供认坦白承认confronto 对照比照congresso 会议大会conoscenza 知识学问认识相识conoscere 认识了解conseguenza 后果结果结论consentire 同意一致conservare 贮藏保藏considerare 老虑思考看法评价consiglio 劝告建议contadino 农民农村的contare 数计算contatto 接触碰着交往来contenere 包容容纳contento 高兴的欢喜的continuare 继续使继续continuo 连续的不断的conto 算计算帐帐户contrario 相反的相对的对抗的contro 表示“反对相反对立”controllo 控制支配操纵convincere 使确信使信服说服coprire 遮盖覆盖盖満coraggio 勇敢勇气英勇胆量corpo 物体实体corrente 流动的流行的电流correre 跑奔跑corsa 跑奔跑corso 水流流动cortile 院子庭院cosa 物事物东西coscienza 意识知觉costa 在那里彼处costituire 设立成立建立costringere 逼迫迫使强迫costruire 建筑建设制造costruzione 建造建筑建设creare 创造创立创作credere 信相信crescere 生长成长发育crisi 危机cristiano 基督教的信基督教的croce 十字架磨难cucina 厨房烹调cui 那个那些那个人那些人cultura 文化文明cuore 心心脏cura 关心注意照料照顾Dda 从..........dare 给davanti 在前面davvero 确定真的decidere 决定决意decisione 决定决心dedicare 投入使用献出denaro 钱dente 牙齿dentro 在里边在内部descrivere 描写描述desiderare 想希望desiderio 愿望想法destino 命运缘份destro 右边的determinare 决定确定限定di 的dichiarare 声明申报dietro 在后面difendere 捍卫difesa 保卫护卫捍卫differenza 区别difficile 困难的difficoltà困难diffondere 放(光) 散(气) 散发(气味0dimenticare 忘记忆dimostrare 表现表明dinanzi 在前向前面dinanzi a(in font of)dio 上帝dipendere 依靠的从属的从属者dipendere da(depend on) dire 说diretto 直接direttore 经理主任处长direzione 向导领导dirigere 指挥、领导diritto 直的discorso 演讲报告discutere 讨论商议辩论disporre 安置整理disposizione 安排distanza 距离distinguere 区别辨别识别distruggere 破坏摧毁毁坏dito 手指指头divenire 1.变成成为2.形成发生(S.M)diventare 变成diverso 不同的很多divertire 使得到娱乐使消遣使有兴divertiti!(enjoy yourself!have a good time!) dividere 分分开隔开dolce 甜的甜食dolore 疼痛悲痛domanda 问题申请domandare 问询问domani 明天Domenica 星期天don 1.先生(尊称) 2.钟声donna 女人dopo 在.....之后然后dormire 睡觉dottore 大夫博士dove 哪在哪dovere 应该应当必须(做助动词时)dovere 义务本分责任dubbio疑问dunque 总之所以durante 在.....之后(时间)durare 持续duro 硬的坚固Eeccellenza 优秀eccetera 超出，超量ecco 这里economico 经济effetto s.m 结果，效果；深刻印象；票据effetti personali 个人衣物；in effetti实际上egli他eh 嗯elemento元素，组成养分，成员。

Whirlpool 自动式衣物洗衣机说明书

Whirlpool is a registered trademark of Whirlpool USA5019 396 98075ADP 4600Guía de consulta rápidaAntes de usar el lavavajillas lea las instrucciones de montaje y uso!(Reservado el derecho de introducir modificaciones técnicas)Añada sal regeneradoraLa sal debe añadirse inmediatamente antes de iniciar un ciclo de lavado.Añada abrillantador1)Programa de referencia para la etiqueta de datos energéticosconforme a la norma EN 50242;2)Vea “Uso del lavavajillas”;3)Datos relacionados con los programas, obtenidos conforme a la norma EN 50242. Los datos pueden variar en función de la carga, la temperatura (superior o inferior a 15°C), la dureza del agua, la tensión de alimentación, etc.Selector de programasBotón StartEl piloto se ilumina durante elfuncionamiento, parpadea cuando hay una anomalía y se apaga al final del programa.IndicadoresBotón On/OffTabla de programasDetergente 2)Consumo 3)ProgramasRecomendaciones para la cargaABLitros kWh MinutosPrelavado frío Vajilla que debe lavarse más tarde.--5,00,0210Rápido 40°C Vajilla poco sucia sin residuos secos.X -13,00,7030Normal 1)50°C Suciedad normal.XX16,01,05120Normal 65°C Suciedad normal o muy sucia.X X 16,01,65100Intensivo 70°C Programa aconsejado para vajilla muysucia, particularmente indicado parasartenes y ollas.X X 17,01,90135Media carga50°C Suciedad normal o ligera, o mitad de la carga normal.X X 13,00,87130Advertencia para los laboratorios de pruebas:Para obtener información más detallada sobre las condiciones de la prueba comparativa EN y de otras pruebas, escriba a la siguiente direccióndecorreoelectrónico:“*************************”.Cómo usar el lavavajillasPara mayor información lea las instrucciones de uso.Presione el botón ON /OFF.Compartimiento grande A:Cada ciclo de partimiento pequeño B:Sólo para programas con prelavado.Indicador mecánico C .Piloto eléctrico en el panel de mandos (si existe).Sólo si hay equipo de ablandamiento.Indicador mecánico D . Indicador eléctrico en el panel de mandos (si existe).Lea las instrucciones de carga.Se enciende el último programa seleccionado.Elija un programa (presionando el botón o mando).El piloto se enciende.Si es necesario (si existe). El piloto se enciende.El programa elegido queda memorizado (aunque se corte la corriente).-Abra la puerta sólo si es necesario (Atención: salida de vapor muy caliente).-Si el lavavajillas se apaga antes detiempo, cuando se vuelve a encender, el programa continúa desde donde se había interrumpido.Cuando se haya apagado el botón START: presione el botón ON/OFF . Todos los pilotos se apagan.Advertencia: cuando se abre la puerta, sale vapor muy caliente. Descargue el lavavajillas empezando por el cesto inferior.Encienda el lavavajillas Llenado del distribuidorde detergenteA B CControle el abrillantadorControle la sal regeneradoraCargue los cestos Cierre la puerta,abra el grifo de agua Seleccione el programaSeleccione lasfunciones suplementariasPresione el botón START“Cambiar programa”Mantenga presionado el botón START 2segundos hasta que el piloto Start se apague;Seleccione el nuevo programa y vuelva a presionar el botón START.C i c l o d e l a v a d oApague el lavavajillas Cierre el grifo de agua,descargue los cestosIndicaciones para la carga del lavavajillas y dotación de cestosCesto superior:según el modelo de lavavajillasSoporte multifunción (A): 1)Según la posición, utensilios largos, tazas y vasos. Son posibles tres posiciones.Soportes para la vajilla (B):Según la posición, platos, tazas y copas.Soporte para vasos giratorio (C): 2)Según la posición, vasos pequeños o copas.Los utensilios largos como, por ejemplo, tenedores de carne o cuchillos se han de colocar con la punta hacia el aparato.Media carga:Cargue sólo el cesto superior.Coloque el cesto de los cubiertos (D ) en el cesto superior.Regulación de la altura del cesto (vacío o cargado):•Regulación inferior: tire de las dos manillas del cesto (E ) hacia afuera y baje el cesto.•Regulación superior: tire de las dos manillas hacia arriba (E ) hasta que el cesto quede encastrado (esta es la regulación de fábrica).Los lados del cesto deben estar a la misma altura.Extracción del cesto superior para poder lavar platos grandes o bandejas en el cesto inferior:Abrir los seguros derecho eizquierdo (F ) de las guías del cesto y extraer el cesto superior.Cuando el cesto superior está colocado, los seguros deben estar cerrados.Cesto inferior:Según el modelo de lavavajillas, con soportes para platos rebatibles o fijos (G ).Media carga:Cargue sólo el cesto inferior.Mayor potencia de lavado sobre todo para platos y ollas.Cesto para los cubiertos (J) o (H):Algunos modelos están dotados de una rejilla (I ) para cubrir el cesto de los cubiertos. Cesto para los cubiertos (D ), si existe, sólo para aparatos con media carga.Los objetos que puedan causar heridas se han de colocar en el cesto con la punta hacia abajo.Utilice sólo vajillas aptas para el lavado en lavavajillas. No lave en el lavavajillas objetos no idóneos: piezas de madera o aluminio, utensilios de plástico, vajillas con decoraciones no esmaltadas, cubiertos de plata.Su revendedor le ofrece:1)Soporte multifunción (A) - N. serie AMH 369.2)Soporte para vasos giratorio (C) - N. serie WGH 1000.FFSeguro cerradoSeguro abiertoQué hacer en caso de...Si el lavavajillas presenta alguna anomalía de funcionamiento, verifique los siguientes detalles antes de llamar al Servicio de Asistencia (*vea el capítulo correspondiente en las instrucciones de uso).Problema Causa SoluciónEl lavavajillas nofunciona•No recibe agua.•Abra el grifo de agua.•El lavavajillas no carga suficiente agua.•Limpie el filtro de entrada del grifo del agua.•Verifique si el tubo de alimentación está doblado.•No hay corriente.•Enchufe la clavija en la toma de corriente.•Presione el botón START.•Cierre la puerta.•Controle el fusible de la casa.•Inicio del programa preseleccionado.•Si es necesario ponga el inicio del programa en “0”. Si la vajilla no quedaperfectamente seca•Abrillantador insuficiente.•Aumente la dosis*.•Queda agua en las cavidades de la vajilla.•Cargue la vajilla inclinada.Si la vajilla no queda perfectamente limpia •El chorro de agua no alcanza toda lasuperficie.•Coloque la vajilla de manera que las piezas no setoquen entre sí.Las cavidades de las piezas deben estar hacia abajo.•Detergente insuficiente.•Dosifique el detergente siguiendo las indicaciones delenvase.•Elección de un programa inadecuado.•Seleccione un programa de lavado más intenso.•Brazos aspersores bloqueados.•Los brazos aspersores tienen que girar libremente.•Boquillas de los brazos aspersoresatascadas.•Quite las impurezas que obstruyen el flujo del agua *.•Detergente no adecuado / demasiadoviejo.•Utilice un detergente de buena calidad.Residuos arenosos y granulares •Filtros atascados.•Controle regularmente los filtros y límpielos si esnecesario *.•Filtros mal introducidos.•Introduzca los filtros correctamente y bloquéelos *.Partes de plástico manchadas •Jugo de tomate / zanahoria,...•Según el material, si es necesario utilice undetergente con mayor poder blanqueador.Depósitos en la vajilla•poco adheridos•Rayas en la vajilla / en los vasos.•Aumente la dosis de abrillantador *.•Rayas / surcos en los vasos.•Reduzca la dosis de abrillantador *.•Capa de sal en la vajilla / en los vasos.•Cierre bien la tapa del recipiente de sal *.•muy adheridos•Ablandamiento del agua insuficiente,manchas calcáreas.•Regule el selector de la dureza del agua, si es necesario añada sal *.Vasos opacos / no brillantes •Este tipo de vasos no es lavable enlavavajillas.•Cargue vasos lavables en lavavajillas.Óxido en los cubiertos•No son de acero inoxidable.•Utilice cubiertos de acero inoxidable.Identificación de los errores del lavavajillas •El piloto START parpadea.•Indicador F... (si existe).•Compruebe que el conjunto de filtros no estéatascado y que la alimentaciónon del agua no estéinterrumpida (si fuera necesario, limpie los filtros *).Ponga de nuevo en marcha el programa. Mantengapulsada la tecla START durante 2 segundos, hasta quese apague el piloto correspondiente. Seleccione denuevo el programa y pulse la tecla START.Si tras efectuar los controles citados la anomalía persiste o se vuelve a presentar, apague el aparato y cierre el grifo del agua; luego póngase en contacto con el Servicio de Asistencia (las direcciones aparecen en la garantía).Tenga preparados los siguientes datos:•Tipo de anomalía.•Tipo y modelo de lavavajillas.•Código de asistencia (número de la etiqueta adhesiva de AsistenciaTécnica que está en la parte interior de la puerta, a la derecha)。

Armacost Lighting Wi-Fi LED Lighting Controller Mo

Wi-Fi LED Lighting Controller Model: ALWIFI14R, Item: 714425Download the full instruction manual at /wi-ﬁCompatible with Android and Apple (iOS) smartphones and tablets. Works with ﬁ ve types or combinations of LED lighting (both 12- and 24-volt): White or single-color LEDlighting – provides 0-100%full range dimmingWhite color adjustable LEDtape lighting – dimmingand CCT controlStandard RGB LED lighting –full function color controland effectsRGB + white four-channelLED enhanced color controland effectsRGB + CCT dual white ﬁ ve-channel enhanced color controland effectsFeaturesUse in conjunction with Armacost Lighting’s Wireless Touchpad(item 523120) for wall-mounted wireless on/off and dimmingcontrol of your lights.Works with or without a wireless network. Use your phone as a simple remote or use any existing wireless network for advanced control features Connect and control up to 50 Wi-Fi controllers with one device*.Control individually or in groups for large area, multi-zoned lightingcontrol (requires router and network connection)Control your lighting remotely from anywhere in the world whenconﬁ gured through your networkSync lighting to the beat of music stored locally on your device,or use your microphone to sync to ambient musicProgrammable – set the time of day to turn your lighting on or offWhen used with RGB LED lighting, create your own color-changing effects or choose from 20 preprogrammed modes. Bookmark andsave favorite colors and effects. Match colors in your environmentusing your device’s camera, or manually enter RGB values for precise color selections* O nly static colors will synchronize and dim in unison whenusing color-changing LED lighting. Color-changing effectswill not stay synchronized.ConnectingLow-voltage safe, the Wi-Fi controller is direct wired inline between the low voltage output of your power supply and your LED lighting.Typical Wiring DiagramWIRELESSTOUCHPAD(OPTIONAL)ACSTANDARD12-24 VOLT DC OUTPUTPOWER SUPPLY/WI-FI LEDLIGHTINGOutput to 12- or 24-volt DCLED lightingEach Wi-Fi controller requires a separate LED power supply.To prevent interference, never connect multiple Wi-Fi controllersto one power supplyUse only with 12- or 24-volt DC constant voltage power supplies.The voltage output of your power supply must be the same as yourLED lightingAll wiring must be in accordance with national and local electricalcodes, low-voltage Class 2 circuit. If you are unclear as to howto install and wire this product, contact a qualiﬁ ed electricianAlways read and follow the Installation Guidelines provided with yourLED lighting and power supplyfull instruction manual.Note: To enable the maximum length of white LED lighting, connect two legsof LED lighting to the Wi-Fi controller using the W1 and W2 port connectionsas shown below.Each leg can support up to 4 amps of LED lighting4 amps x 12 volts = 48 watts x 2 legs = 96 watts maxwith 12-volt lighting4 amps x 24 volts = 96 watts x 2 legs = 192 watts maxwith 24-volt lighting** F or dual color temperatures, or color temperature adjustable lighting,connect the warmer tape lighting (lower K number)to W1 and the cooler lights (higher K) to W2.App InstallationDownload and connect thefree Armacost Lighting appGo to Apple iTunes Store or Google Play for Androiddevices. Search for Armacost MyLED Pro to downloadand install the app.Make sure the controller is correctly installed and powered on beforeattempting to use the app to connect your device.1. Make sure Wi-Fi is enabled on your mobile device.2. Start the Armacost Lighting app and follow the instructionsto connect to your Wi-Fi controller.Note: After connecting to your wireless network, the link light on thefront of the Wi-Fi controller will illuminate. This indicates that yourconnection is successful and you will be able to access your Wi-Ficontroller through your wireless network.Direct wireless connection versus connectingto your network via your routerIf you do not have a Wi-Fi network, or do not want to connect to yourwireless router, you can directly connect to the controller. With thismethod, you will not have access to your network while connectedto the Wi-Fi controller, and vice versa. Using a direct connection,only one controller may be accessed at a time.Armacost Lighting recommends connecting to your home networkvia your wireless router to enable full app features. By going throughthe router setup, you will link your Wi-Fi controller through yourexisting wireless network. This will allow you to access the Internetand your color controller without switching between Wi-Fi networks.Additionally, you will be able to use the remote access settings, andWi-Fi controllers connected to the same network can be groupedtogether for synchronized control across multiple zones.MyLED ProYou are required to create an Armacost Lighting account upon initial setup. This account registration is used only to protect your devices and to permit remote usage. Next, you will be prompted to select the type of lighting you are connecting. Choose the mode that applies to the type of lighting you are using. For example, if you are using single color or white LED lighting, select “DIM,” and your app will then be conﬁ gured as an LED dimmer.DIM: White/Single Color DimmerCCT: Color Temperature AdjustableRGB: RGB MulticolorRGBW: RGB + Single ColorRGBWW: RGB + Dual ColorNext, you will see a list of all Wi-Fi controllers conﬁ gured on this network. Here, you can access settings and controller properties as well as turn your lighting on/off. Tap the controller name to begin using your lighting, or press and hold to change basic device properties. It is recommendedthat you rename each controller for its location or use.or press and hold to modify controller propertiesTap the powerbutton to toggle the IMPORTANT: If the app displays the error message below, pull downto refresh the controller list.Cannot find any LED controller(s). Please check your device Wi-Fi setting and confirm that the LED controller(s) are plugged inIf the Wi-Fi controller still does not appear, turn your device Wi-Fi connection off and back on and check your network settings.Connect to Smart Speaker/Virtual AssistantBefore beginning use with the following third-party devices, make sure you have setup your Wi-Fi controller through the MyLED Pro app and signed into your Armacost Lighting cloud account. Remote authorization is also required (enabled by default on initial setup).Amazon AlexaIn your Amazon Alexa App, search the skills database for “Magic Home”, then tap enable.Link your Armacost account with the Magic Home Skill. Enter the user name and password that you created in the Armacost MyLED Pro app. Next, discover your Wi-Fi controllers by pressing the Discover Devices button on your app. You can also say, “Alexa, discover devices.” Wi-Fi controllers conﬁ gured on the same wireless network will automatically populate.After your Wi-Fi controller(s) have been discovered, you can rename them in the Alexa app to your preferred names. It is recommended to name them for their location or use, e.g. “Ofﬁ ce lights” or “Countertop lights.” Now your lights are ready to control.For a list of additional commands, see the Amazon skill page. Different functions will be available depending on the type of lighting connected to your Wi-Fi controller. Here are some examples:“Alexa, turn on bedroom lights to 20 percent”“Alexa, turn off kitchen counter lights”“Alexa, change accent lights to red”Google HomeIn your Google Home App, navigate to the main menu, then Home control. Press the plus icon to add a device and select “Magic Home Wi-Fi”. All app permissions for Google Home must be granted to complete the setup.Link your Armacost account with the Magic Home Action. Enter the user name and password that you created in the Armacost MyLED Pro app. Google Home will automatically detect compatible devices on the linked home network, and will ask you to assign a room.Press “Done” when you have selected a room and your setup will be complete. You can now assign a nickname to your device. It is recommended to name them for their location or use, e.g. “Ofﬁ ce lights” or “Countertop lights.”Now your lights are ready to control. Different functions will be availabledepending on the type of lighting connected to your Wi-Fi controller. Here are some examples:“Hey Google, turn on ofﬁ ce lights to 100 percent”“Ok Google, turn bedroom lights to blue”IFTTTIn your IFTTT app or online account, search for the “MagicHue” Service and connect to it.You will then be prompted to link your Armacost Account with the MagicHue Applet. Please enter the user name and password that you created in the Armacost MyLED Pro app.Next, simply enable the applet(s) of your choice. Some applets may require downloading of the IFTTT app to your smartphone. Different functions will be available depending on the type of lighting connected to your Wi-Fi controller.Factory ResetIf you incorrectly entered your network password or have anotherincorrect setting, the link light will not turn on. You will not be able to access the Wi-Fi controller and you will need to do a factory reset. 1. Locate the pinhole on the front of the unit, labeled RESET.2. Using the included straight pin, or a paper clip, insert straight into the pinhole to depress the reset button.3. Continue to press and hold the reset button for ten seconds, then release.The unit will power off and back on and cycle the lighting to indicate the reset has been successful. You can now connect back to your Wi-Fi controller using its default settings. Return to step 1 under “App Installation.”For the full app manual and how-to videos, visit /wiﬁ .mountingTo buy online, or to learn more, visit /dimmers.SPECIFICATIONSInput voltage ................................................................................12-volt or 24-volt DC Output channels .......................................................................................................5Maximum lighting load ....................................................................4 amps per channel Working temperature ..............................................................-5 to 130°F (-20 to 55°C)Wireless working frequency ..............................................................................2.4 GHz FCC ID ..............................................................................................2AIPIALWIFI14R Country of origin .................................................................................................China Limited one-year warranty. This product is for dry location use only. Improper installation,improper powering, abuse, or failure to use this device for its intended purpose will void warranty. Proofofpurchaseisrequiredforallreturns.Questions?*********************************.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modiﬁ cations to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user authority to operate the equipment.Designer-style switch plate and allmounting screws included.© 2018 Armacost Lighting. All rights reserved.180103。

跨维尔瓷砖板-阿德西亚崩碎瓷砖板介绍说明书

Ardesia a Spacco – 5+mm Porcelain Tile PanelsNero - L9758 5+ StockingBianco - L9767 5+ StockingNote! These samples depict base color and sheen. Please refer to our website for a more accurate depiction of veining and pattern.*See chart on the next page for further informationFor over 2,500 years, Pietra di Lavagna slate from Liguria, Italy has been revered as an elegant, sophisticated surfacing material. Honoring this traditional stone, our artisans were inspired to create a naturally clefted slate look—Ardesia a Spacco, a porcelain panel unlike any other. The result is a superior performing panel with strength and resilience found only in porcelain..O.Box1168,Crossville,TN38557•Phone:931.484.2110•Fax:931.456.2956•E-Mail:************************•• Available in 5+ for floor and wall use• Unparalleled testing and trainingensures high performance • Suitable for interior floors,and interior and exterior wall coverings3+ and 5.6mm Using Profiles5.6mmBack Mitered and Epoxied5.6mm Field Applied BullnoseBianco - L9767 5+Laminam 1.2 meter x 3 meter sheets *LAMINAM 5+Dimensions 1200x3000mm Piece 38.75 sq. ft./piece Crate 17 pc./crate Sq. ft./crate 658.75 sq. ft./crate Lbs./piece 113 lbs./piece Lbs./crate1,916.96 lbs./crate(includes crate weight)Sq. ft. minimum order38.75 sq. ft.* Laminam arrives in oversize crates. These crates require proper receiving and handling equipment. Note: Non-full crate orders of 5+mm Laminam or mixed orders of 3+ and 5.6 mm will arrive on vertical A-frame type crates. These A-frames require the same specialized handling equipment.Please refer to the Laminam technical guide online for receiving and handling information at .Series and Color Item Codes 5+ 1M3M Nero L9758.1M3M BiancoL9767.1M3M.O.Box1168,Crossville,TN38557•Phone:931.484.2110•Fax:931.456.2956•E-Mail:************************•FS-ARDESIA-21Distinctive valuesMain featuresDimensions 1200x3000mm Perfectly Flat 5+: 113 lbs / pcChemical resistanceLaminam resists organic and inorganic solvents, disinfectants and detergents. It can be easily cleaned without affecting its surface characteristics; the only product that can attack the tile panels is hydrofluoric acid.Wear resistanceLaminam is highly scratch proof and resistant to deep abrasion. The properties of the tile panels remain unchanged even after intensive use and frequent cleaning.High flexural strengthLaminam has a high modulus of rupture. 3+ is 90 MOR and 5.6 is 50 MOR which are high values. T ypical porcelain value is 35-37.Frost resistanceLaminam’s average water absorption is 0.1% therefore it is frost resistant and suitable for any weather condition. Fire resistantLaminam does not contain organic material therefore it is resistant to fire and high temperatures. In the event of fire it does not release smoke or toxic substances.Chromatic propertiesLaminam does not contain organic pigments and is resistant to UV rays. Even if subjected to severe climate changes, the colors remain stable.GraffitiLaminam is a graffiti resistant ceramic surface; it is easy to clean and even the strongest paints can be removed.Sustainable• The use of hybrid kilns that combine gas and electricity significantly reduces CO2 emissions in the atmosphere • Laminam has led the way to a photovoltaic system being installed on the roofs of its two Fiorano Modenese plants• Over a year, this photovoltaic system guarantees the production of around 1,050 GWh, thereby enabling the company to produce 10% of its energy requirements• I n terms of CO2 reduction, Laminam's photovoltaic roof system eliminates the release of 525 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere an-nually• M ember of the Green Building Council Italia, this Italian association of manufacturing leaders strive to transform the building market towards environmental sustainability and to build livablecommunities. Partners of GBC Italia promote environmental, economic and social responsibility by innovating the way in which buildings are designed, built and used.WarrantyCrossville, Inc. guarantees that its Laminam 3+ Wall and 5.6 and 5+ Floor products will meet or exceed the performance specifications outlined in ANSI A137.3-2017. For complete details please see the performance table of the Laminam T echnical Guide located on Crossville’s website: .Information listed here is subject to change. Please refer to for the latest, most accurate information.Environmental statementLaminam is a dynamic, flexible and rapidly growing company that makes recycling and sustainability its duty.The revolutionary tile panel produced by Laminam does not neglect environmental friendliness: natural raw materials, sustainable technology, entirely recy-clable products are at the heart of the company’s green philosophy. Laminam is associated with the Green Building Council: created with natural materials, the tile panel does not release any substance into the environment and unbacked can be easily milled and recycled in other production cycles. Laminam tile panels are produced adopting sustainable technology which respects the entire ecosystem and is designed to reduce processing waste to a minimum and to limit the use of resources. The use of hybrid kilns that combine gas and electricity significantly reduces CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Thanks to its large format Laminam optimizes the transport, thus reducing the emission of particulate matter which is harmful for the environment.Moreover, Laminam has recently completed its own photovoltaic roof, a plant that today has already produced 1 GWh of energy and that in one year is expected to produce an estimated 1.387 GWh, therefore reducing the CO2 emission by 617 tons in the atmosphere and allowing Laminam to produce 15% of its energy requirements.About Laminam ® by Crossville ®Laminam, a brand which stands for innovative materials and unique technology, is the leader in large format porcelain tile panel production. Revolutionary technology concentrates three square meters intounbelievably thin porcelain: 3+ for interior walls and 5.6 and 5+ for interior floors and interior and exterior walls. Versatile and flexible, it is a genuine skin for contemporary architecture, and is ideal in a host of applications. Capable of anticipating lifestyle trends, accommodating the needs ofdesign, and participating in the dialog of global architecture, Laminam and Crossville Inc. have joined together to bring Laminam ® by Crossville ® to the U.S. marketplace. Large format porcelain tile panels for interior floor and interior and exterior wall coverings –together, creativity is limitless.ApplicationsLaminam ® is suitable for many applications:Building sectorFloor and wall coverings, partition and storage walls, false ceilings, surface finishes and restoration, insulated panels and tunnels. Interior designSurfaces of kitchen and bathroom tops, cupboards, tables, desks, doors and furnishings in general.Shipbuilding sectorThe lightness and high technical properties of Laminam make it suitable for walls of cruise ships and sports posite and structural panelsThe tile panels can be placed on top of each other or over other materials to create extremely light and particularly resistant composite and structural panels suitable in all those cases that require high resistance and reduced weight load on the surface.Exterior wall coverings and vertical surfacesThe tile panels can be used on most exterior walls and vertical surfaces.T echnical SpecificationsLaminam 3+ and 5.6mmLaminam porcelain obtained by wet grinding of clayish raw materials, granite and metamorphic feldspar-containing rocks and ceramic pig-ments. Compacted by a special shaping in compactor and sintering at 1200°C, with hybrid firing.T echnical infoLaminam 3+Laminam 3+ is made up of the basic tile panel with the structure reinforced with fiberglass matting applied on the back using special adhesive, thickness: 3mm plus fiberglass Use of Laminam 3+• Interior and exterior wall coverings applied using mortarLaminam 5.6mmLaminam 5.6mm is made out of the basic tile panel without reinforcing mesh, thickness 5.6mm.Use of Laminam 5.6mm• Interior floor and interior and exterior wall coverings applied using mortar to above, below, and slab on grade minam 5.6+Laminam 5.6+ is made up of the basic tile panel with the structure reinforced with fiberglass matting applied on the back using special adhesive, thickness 5.6mm plus fiberglass.Use of Laminam 5.6+• Interior floor and interior and exterior wall coverings applied using mortar to above, below, and slab on grade concrete.。

兰蔻唇膏保质期怎么看

兰蔻唇膏保质期怎么看有的时候海购了一款唇膏，但是包装上面的外文却看不懂!例如像兰蔻的唇膏啊，真的是扎心了!那么兰蔻唇膏保质期怎么看呢?下面由店铺告诉你兰蔻唇膏保质期的看法~希望对你有用!兰蔻唇膏保质期的看法兰蔻批号即其生产日期批号由5码组成，2个英文字母和3个数字。

例如：CC041：第2码表示生产年份，最末三位表示一年中的具体天数。

分别用Y,A,B,C代表03,04,05,06年，后三位表示一年中的第几天，所以CC041就是2006年的第41天出厂,C A 0 9 应该是2004年,你后面的数字不全,可能是第九天,也就是2004.1.9护肤品保质期通常是三年，而彩妆的保质期是五年也就是2009年过期兰蔻旗下产品香水系列兰蔻香水有六大系列：璀璨香水系列、奇迹香水系列、珍爱香水系列、梦魅香水系列、梦魅男士香水系列、奇迹男士香水系列。

对芬芳情有独钟的灵感使Armand Petitjean开始了辉煌的一步：1935年，他从5个有名的香料开始推出了兰蔻的品牌。

好狂妄的举动，确实是的，但只要了解了阿曼达·珀蒂是Francois Coty学校的毕业生，是“20世纪奢华香水之父”，一切就变得理所当然了。

晚些时候，兰蔻推出了Oceane产品系列(1955)，产品的概念至今仍然在使用：即配方中含有非常纯净的海草，辅之以海藻和标记元素。

这些革新在很大程度上要归功于“techniciennes”，即那些毕业于兰蔻的学校并将兰蔻的品牌带到了世界各地的女性技术人员的努力。

璀璨香水2010爱恋限定版一款经典香氛，如同永恒的爱情故事般隽永人心。

1990年，兰蔻(Lancome)推出这表达珍贵时刻气息的独特香氛──璀璨Trésor，一款极为特殊且永难忘怀的东方花香味调，不仅引发全球美妆市场的嗅觉革命，也从此成为充满传奇的高级香氛代表，历届代言人如80年代知名国际女星伊莎贝拉.罗塞里尼，至近代的金奖影后凯特·温斯蕾，完美诠释一段段动人的珍爱时刻。

InkFormulation 6.5 收款形式提高版 Phantom QC 人物模型实时管理软件说明

ImportantWindows 7 is no longer supported with this version. This version requires Windows 8.1 or higher. The installation might work, but an error message will appear when starting the software about missing dlls that are not available under Windows 7.With this version a newer Dongle driver will be installed, that supports the latest Windows 10 2004 update. Please unplug the dongle prior to installation and plug it back in afterwards.During startup of the software you might be asked for a database conversion (from version 6.32 and older). After that you will not be able to use the database with older versions anymore. We recommend making a backup of your database prior to that. All workstations that are connected to the same database need to be upgraded to the same software version.Some new features and improvements in recipe formulation might change old recipes when using the functions recalculate or correction. These changes improve the recipe. Untouched recipes will not change.New features and fixes in IFS 6.5 compared to 6.41Additional colorant type Technical varnishA new colorant type for assortments has been added for technical varnish. Technical varnish can have a viscosity curve and a color measurement like a colorant, and a certain concentration can be forced to be in every recipe like applications.Setup Technical varnish•Go to Database -> Basic materials -> New and set up a new basic material with Type = Technical varnish•Go to Database -> Assortments and select an assortment.•Click on Modify -> New and select Technical varnish as Coloant type.•Set up Colorant with•Price•Specific Weight•Basic materials =100% Technical varnish•Viscosity•Default concentrationpercentage in recipes.•Click OK•You will now be forced toprepare the concentrationsamples with measurements,at least the 100% sample.Samples without measurementswill be ignored.Using Technical varnish in RecipesBefore you calculate a recipe with Technical varnish go to Settings -> Formulation.•For Recipe output select either Basic materials or Basic inks and solvent.•With the selection for Default you define the Total mode if the technical varnish concentration is based on Total or Total basic ink. Typical selection woul be Total basic ink so that thesolvent has no influence on the technical varnish concentration. This setting is now saved for each recipe, so that you can always recalculate with the same settingsTo calculate a recipe with technical varnish you need to select an assortment with technical varnish included and select your target color, substrate, etc. as usual. There is now a new area in the formulation window to add the technical varnish to the recipe.•Move the relevant available technical varnish to the selected area on the right. If there is no default concentration defined in the setup you will be forced to enter a concentration. You can also amend the default concentration of the technical varnish by clicking Modify.•Continue as usual. The recipe will now be calculated taking the techical varnish and it’s color and viscosity curve into account.With a mouse over the icons on the bottom left you can see which total mode is used for the recipe. This is saved with the recipe and used for the technical varnish calculation every time the recipe is edited or recalculated.Technical varnish in specific workflows•Recipe editor and Recipe new with Technical varnish in Basic material mode: Recipe editing with Technical varnish and Applications in Modify proportionally mode is notrecommended as two different rules are working against each other.For the same reason the function Recipe new in combination with Technical varnish in Basic material mode is only possible in Free modification mode.•Leftover handling is not restricted with Technical varnish:As InkFormulation does not always know what components are used in a leftover, it expects that it has the same amount of technical varnish already included. It should be assumed the operator knows what leftovers to select when working with technical varnish.•Restrictions when working with palette formulation:Next to the usual requirements for palette formulation, only recipe that have the sametechnical varnish concentration will be shown as palette recipes.•Batch processing with Technical varnish:If you select Use colorants of respective recipe within the batch processing setup, then the technical varnish will be used according to the original recipe in the same concentration and based on the same total mode.Improvements in Recipe Formulation•Improved recipe prediction when the target viscosity in the formulation settings is different to the viscosity of colorant calibrations in the assortments.•Improved recalculations when the viscosity has changed. The colorants are now kept constant in relation to the total ink. Only transparent white and solvent are leveled out to amend theviscosity.•Included new formulation metrics Spectral Shape Sorting, to ensure best suited pigmentation in the best ranked recipe.•Fixed a problem with leftover restrictions in corrections and recalculations.•New optional sorting criterion for dE (white/black) has been added to take the match for bot measurements over black and over white into account for sorting the list of recipes.Improvements with PantoneLIVE references•When importing from cxf or from ColorCert, PantoneLIVE references are now shown with correct color icons and measurement conditions.•If a PantoneLIVE reference cannot be found, for example because the relevant palette has not been subscribed, it shows a message in the request view.• A PantoneLIVE search button is now also available in the function Define Target Color -> Get.•When searching PantoneLIVE references based on a measurement you can now also see the Delta E value in the list of search results. The formula is based on the display setting forDelta E formula.Additional objects for the Print LayoutThere is a new layout “Recipe A4 – 2” where thefollowing items have been improved and added•color patches for target and recipe•the Spectral graph is now colored•the CIE-Lab graph has been added.•the recipe result is now labeled if it is measuredor calculated.If you want to use these new parameters in your self-created print layouts here are the necessary items, youneed to include:For the color patches and the Lab graph•Go to Settings -> Set up printer.•Modify the layout you want to amend.•Click Insert -> Image and define where and inwhat size the new objects should appear.•Amend the following parameters depending on what image you want to includeImage resource: FileImage file: %TEMP%\RecipeReport\Target.bmp for the target patch%TEMP%\RecipeReport\Recipe.bmp for the recipe patch%TEMP%\RecipeReport\LabGraph.bmp for the Lab Graph Transformation: SmoothFor recipe measured/calculated•Click Insert -> Field and define where and in what size the new objects should appear.•Amend the following parametersField source type: DatasourceField: colorData_MeasuredWord wrapping: ticked•Amend font size, color and weight as required.Additional options for Recipe export as csv fileWhen exporting a recipe as csv file you can now select, if you would like to add LabCh° values from the target and the recipe and/or the result in the relevant Delta E formula.Fixed issues with Thickness objects•Thickness objects are now linked to assortments after import correctly again.•Thickness objects can now be assigned to assortments in databases that were empty or didn’t had any calibrated thickness object applied.•Creators of a thickness objects are now saved in the database.Further fixes and improvements•Changes of the substrate and thickness object in the recipe editor are now saved correctly.•Improved handling of cxf files with multiple measurement modes as recipe requests.•Fixed an issue in User Administrator where the Delta E formula was changeable without user permission.•Fixed an issue with external command interface.•Fixed an issue with the search options in the function Define target color -> get.•Improved Chinese translations.•Improved Italian translations.。

LAQUAtwin系列（pH）操作指南：LAQUAtwin-pH-11、LAQUAtwin-pH-2

CODE: GZ0000472467Instruction Manual (Operation)COMPACT WATER QUALITY METER LAQUAtwin-pH-11, LAQUAtwin-pH-22, LAQUAtwin-pH-33SpecificationsItems in packageConsumable parts sold separately Part Namesotherwise specified.Initial SetupAttaching/detaching the sensorNoteBe careful not to twist the waterproof gasket.Inserting/removing batteriesElectrode conditioningNote●Before using the sensor for the first time or after several days of disuse, perform electrode conditioning.●Perform calibration after electrode condition-ing.1.Place some drops of pH 7 standard solution to the flat sensor.2.Wait a few hours before use.There is no need to switch the meter ON.3.Clean the flat sensor with running water.ModelLAQUAtwin-pH-11, LAQUAtwin-pH-22, LAQUAtwin-pH-33Target pHMeasurement principleGlass electrode methodMinimum sample volume 0.1 mL *1pH range 0 pH to 14 pHResolution (valid digits)LAQUAtwin-pH-11: 0.1 pH LAQUAtwin-pH-22: 0.01 pHLAQUAtwin-pH-33: 0.01 pHCalibration LAQUAtwin-pH-11: Up to 2 pointsLAQUAtwin-pH-22: Up to 3 points LAQUAtwin-pH-33: Up to 5 points Accuracy*2LAQUAtwin-pH-11: ±0.1 pH LAQUAtwin-pH-22: ±0.01 pH LAQUAtwin-pH-33: ±0.01 pHTempera-ture display Available only on LAQUAtwin-pH-33,0 ︒C to 50.0︒C Display Custom (monochrome) digital LCDwith backlightOperating environment 5︒C to 40︒C, 85% or less relative humidity (no condensation)Power CR2032 batteries (⨯2)Battery life Approx. 400 h continuous operation *3Outer dimen-sions/mass 164 ⨯ 29 ⨯ 20 mm, Approx. 50 g *4Main func-tion Temperature compensation, water-proof *5, auto stable/auto hold, auto-matic power OFF*10.05 mL or more if sampling sheet B (sold sepa-rately) is used.*2The closeness of agreement between measuredvalue and actual value of the pH 4.01 standard solution after two-point calibration using pH 4.01 and pH 7.00 standard solutions. The temperature during the calibration and measurement is the same. Two-point calibration is started from pH 7.00. The error of standard solutions and round-ing error (±1 digit) are not included.*3The life period if the meter is used in the backlightoff mode. If the backlight is used, battery life will shorten.*4The dimensions excludes projections and themass excludes batteries.*5IP67: no failure when immersed in water at adepth or 1 meter for 30 minutes.Please note that the meter can not be used underwater ItemsQuantitySensor S0101Meter1Storage case 1BatteriesCR20322Standard solutionpH 4 (pH 4.01)1pH 7 (pH 7.00)1Pipette1Sampling sheet B (5 sheet-pack)1Instruction manual (Operation)1Instruction manual (Before use)1Items Specifications Part No.SensorS010, pH3200459834Standard solution 514-4, pH 4.013999960108514-7, pH 7.003999960109Sampling sheet BY046, 100 sheet-pack 3200053858Attaching the sensor 1.Power OFF the meter.2.Confirm that the waterproofing gasket is clean and undamaged.3.shown.Items SpecificationsPart No.Detaching the sensor 1.Power OFF the meter.2.Lift the sensor tongue tip and slide the sensor a little away from the meter.3.Pull out the sensor all the way from the meter. Inserting the batteries 1.Power OFF the meter.2.Slide both batteries into the battery case as shown.Be sure to use two CR2032 batteries, and put them with the plus sides (+) upwards.Removing the batteries 1.Power OFF the meter.e a ball-point pen or other tool to pry the batter-ies out from the clips as shown.Basic OperationCalibrationCalibration is required before measurement.Use standard solution within the measurement range in the specifications.Tip●Calibration values are saved even if the meteris switched OFF.●Calibration value is rewritten if calibration isrepeated using the same standard solution.●Select the pH standard solutions close to thepH value of sample when the sample is known.●Perform three-point calibration using pH 4.01,pH 7.00 (6.86), and pH 10 (9.18) standard solu-tions when the sample is unknown.MeasurementNote●If a measured value is out of the specifiedmeasurement range, "Or" is displayed forupper range and "Ur" is displayed for underrange.●When you have a problem with the calibrationor measurement, refer to frequently askedquestions.Measurement display changeThe display mode switches as follows by press-ing the MEAS switch in the AS mode.LAQUAtwin-pH-11 and LAQUAtwin-pH-22:　Between pH and voltage alternatelyLAQUAtwin-pH-33:Among pH, voltage, and temperatureMaintenancePower ON1.Press and hold the ON/OFF switch.The power is switched ON,and the meter model num-ber is displayed on the LCD.Power OFF1.Press and hold the ON/OFF switch.The power is switched OFF.Calibration pointsThe number of calibration points is dependent on the meter model.●LAQUAtwin-pH-11:Up to two-point calibration●LAQUAtwin-pH-22:Up to three-point calibration●LAQUAtwin-pH-33:Up to five-point calibrationMulti-point calibration1. Select the standard from USA or NIST.(Refer to " Buffer standard change"(page 4).)USA is selected by the default.2.Open the light shield cover and place somedrops of the standard solution on the flatsensor taking care to cover the entire flatsensor.Rinsing the sensor with the standard solutionbeforehand will provide a more accurate cali-bration as it will reduce sample crossover con-tamination.3.Close the light shield cover and press thedisplayed.After the calibration is complete,stop blinking and the measured value is dis-played.The calibration value at 25 C is displayed for 1s and the display returns to the measurementmode automatically.4.Open the light shield cover and remove thestandard solution. Then remove moistureon the sensor by gently dabbing with a softtissue.This completes the 1st point calibration.5.To perform 2nd point calibration, repeatsteps 2. to 4.Calibration errorIf blinks and Er4 (error dis-play) appears, the calibrationhas failed.Perform electrode conditioning.Check that the correct standard solution is used,and repeat calibration after cleaning the sensor.If the calibration repeatedly fails when using thecorrect standard solution(s), the sensor mayhave deteriorated. Replace the sensor with newone.Sample setting1.Open the light shield cover and put somedrops of sample on the flat sensor to coverthe entire flat sensor.2.Close the light shield cover.Measurement modeThe auto stable (AS) mode and the auto hold(AH) mode can be selected. Refer to " Mea-surement mode change" (page 4) for the opera-tion to set the measurement mode.Auto stable (AS) mode1.Confirm that the meter is in the measure-ment mode, and place a sample on the sen-sor.locked.2.appears.Auto hold (AH) modeand will not change until the MEAS switch ispressed for the next measurement.1.Confirm that the meter is in the measure-ment mode, and place a sample on the sen-sor.2.Press the MEAS switch.The auto hold function is acti-vated.blinks until the mea-sured value has stabilized.When the measured value is stable, stopsblinking and the displayed value is locked with3.Document the displayed value.4.Press the MEAS switch.disappears.Be sure to perform this step before starting thenext measurement. Or, you may mistake thedisplayed hold value for the next measuredvalue.Storage1.Clean the sensor with tap water.2.Dab gently with soft tissue or cloth toremove moisture on the sensor and meter.NoteEspecially be sure to treat the flat sensor gentlyto prevent damaging it.3.Close the light shield cover and the slidecap before storing the meter.AppendixFrequently asked questions Temperature sensor adjustmentTemperature sensor adjustment is available on LAQUAtwin-pH-33.To perform accurate measurement with correc-tion for temperature effects, follow the steps below. Normally this is not necessary.1.Ready a reference thermometer, and allow the meter and reference thermometer to reach to room temperature.2.Set the display mode to temperature refer-ring to " Measurement display change"(page 2).3.Press the CAL switch.The meter displays the setting screen for tar-get temperature.4.Press the MEAS switch to adjust the dis-played temperature on the meter to match the temperature indicated by the reference thermometer.Pressing the MEAS switch increases the dis-played temperature. After the displayed tem-perature reaches 40°C, it returns to 5°C.5.Press the CAL switch again to apply the displayed value to the adjustment.The adjustment starts. The adjusted value blinks with and displayed.After the adjustment is complete, the adjusted value stops blinking with MEAS and dis-played.If Er4 (error display) appears, the adjustment has failed. Retry the above steps increasing the time spent on the step 1.If the adjustment repeatedly fails, the sensor may have deteriorated. Replace the sensor with new one.Initializing calibration dataInitialize calibration in the following cases.●To delete the calibration data●If the number of points for the last calibration is uncertain.●After the sensor is replaced.1.Press and hold the CAL and ON/OFF switches for over 3 seconds when the meter is switched OFF to Initialize calibra-tion.After a moment of all segment indication, the software version is displayed. And then, the display changes as shown right.2.Press the CAL switch.All calibration data is reset.When the initialization of cali-bration data is complete, End appears.The meter automatically switches OFF. Initializing the settingsAll setup choices are erased. The meter is reset to the factory default values.1.Press and hold the MEAS, CAL and ON/OFF switches for over 3 seconds when the meter is switched OFF to enter the initial-ization.After a moment of all segment indication, the software version is displayed. And then, the display changes as shown right.2.Press the CAL switch.All calibration data is reset.When the initialization of settings is complete, End appears.The meter automatically switches OFF.Er4 is dis-played during the calibra-tionPlease note that if you press the CAL switch in mV or temperature display mode, Er4 is displayed. This is because there is no calibration facility available for these modes.Er1 is dis-played soon power ON.The internal IC in the meter may be defective. Perform meter initializa-tion.If Er1 is still displayed after the initial-ization, the internal IC in the meter is defective. Replace the meter with a new one (the meter cannot be repaired).Er2 is dis-played right after power ON.The internal IC in the meter is defec-tive. Replace the meter with a new one (the meter cannot be repaired).Er3 is dis-played right after power ON.The internal IC in the meter is defec-tive. Replace the meter with a new one (the meter cannot be repaired).Question AnswerSetup ModeThe setup mode allows the user to customize the meter to his specific needs.To enter the setup mode, press and hold the MEAS and ON/OFF switches for over 3 seconds when the meter is switched OFF. All the LCD segments appear and then the meter enters the setup mode.Tip●To have the changes apply, you need to go through the entire steps from “Setup mode entry” to “Setup completion” shown below. To leave a setting as it is, just press CAL switch in the setting.●To exit the setup mode with no change of settings, press the ON/OFF switch earlier than pressing CAL switch in the last step but one, or the “Backlight setting” step.Setup mode entryBuffer standard changeThe standards of pH buffer can be changed.Measurement mode changeThe measurement mode can be switched.* Measurement display change is available in the AS mode. Refer to " Measurement display change" (page 2).Backlight settingThe backlight can be switched to ON or OFF.Setup completion31, Miyanonishi-cho, Kisshoin Minami-ku, Kyoto,。

无人机操作指南说明书

MINISTERIODE TRANSPORTES, MOVILIDAD Y AGENDA URBANAGUÍA PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DE UNA DECLARACIÓN OPERACIONAL.(Art. 5 Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) 2019/947 de la Comisión, de 24 de mayo de 2019)(Versión 3, 31/03/2022)1. INTRODUCCIÓNDe acuerdo con lo establecido en el artículo 5 del Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) 2019/947 de la Comisión, de 24 de mayo de 2019, antes de la realización de operaciones de UAS en la categoría «específica» es necesario que el operador de UAS registrado en España obtenga una autorización operacional expedida por la Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea (en adelante, AESA) o presente una declaración respecto a una operación que se ajuste a un escenario estándar, europeo o nacional, según corresponda.No se exigirá una autorización operacional o una declaración a aquellos operadores de UAS que posean un certificado de operador de UAS ligeros (LUC) con las facultades adecuadas.2. DECLARACIÓN OPERACIONALLos operadores de UAS podrán presentar ante AESA una declaración operacional de conformidad con un escenario estándar si su operación se puede acomodar dentro de alguno de los escenarios estándar publicados.Un escenario estándar es un tipo de operación de UAS dentro de la categoría «específica» respecto a la cual se ha determinado una lista precisa de medidas de atenuación.Los operadores de UAS podrán presentar declaraciones operacionales de conformidad con los escenarios estándar nacionales (STS-ES) publicados por AESA hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2023. Tales declaraciones dejarán de ser válidas el 31 de diciembre de 2025.A partir del 1 de enero de 2024, los operadores de UAS podrán presentar declaraciones operacionales de conformidad con los escenarios estándar europeos recogidos en el anexo I del Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) 2019/947 de la Comisión.2.1. ESCENARIOS ESTÁNDAR NACIONALES (STS-ES)En el ámbito de las operaciones de UAS a las que les es aplicable el Reglamento de Ejecución (UE) 2019/947 de la Comisión, AESA ha aprobado dos escenarios estándar nacionales (STS-ES) de aplicación únicamente en España (un STS-ES NO habilita para realizar ese tipo de operaciones en otro estado miembro de EASA).Estos escenarios estándar nacionales son análogos a los escenarios estándar europeos, con la salvedad principal de lo relativo al marcado CE y la identificación de clase. Así, para lograr un nivel equivalente de seguridad, se establecen una serie de requisitos técnicos y limitaciones operacionales adicionales.2.1.1.STS-ES-01. VLOS sobre una zona terrestre controlada en un entornopobladoPara operar al amparo de este escenario estándar nacional se debe cumplir con todos los requisitos y limitaciones definidos en el mismo. Pueden consultarse (aquí).A modo de resumen, se destaca lo siguiente:•Operaciones en entorno urbano sobre una zona terrestre controlada. Se define la zona terrestre controlada como aquella zona terrestre en la que se utiliza el UAS y en la que eloperador de UAS puede garantizar que solo estén presentes las personas participantes;•En un espacio aéreo no controlado(clase F o G), o en un espacio aéreo controlado, de conformidad con los procedimientos publicados respecto a la zona de la operación, deforma que esté garantizada la baja probabilidad de encontrar aeronaves tripuladas.• A una distancia máxima de 120 m del punto más cercano en la superficie terrestre;•Dentro del alcance visual del piloto VLOS a una distancia horizontal inferior a 100 m del piloto a distancia;•La aeronave no tripulada no llevará mercancías peligrosas;• A una velocidad respecto al suelo inferior a 5 m/s;•Por un piloto a distancia con los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos definidos para este escenario estándar, utilizando una única aeronave no tripulada a la vez y nunca desde unvehículo en movimiento;•Con una aeronave no tripulada con una MTOM inferior a 10kg que cumpla unos requisitos técnicos específicos;•De conformidad con el manual de operaciones del operador de UAS;2.1.2.STS-ES-02. BVLOS con observadores del espacio aéreo sobre una zonaterrestre controlada en un entorno poco pobladoPara operar bajo este escenario estándar se debe cumplir con todos los requisitos definidos en el mismo. Pueden consultarse (aquí).A modo de resumen, se destaca lo siguiente:•Operaciones en entorno poco poblado sobre una zona terrestre controlada;•En una zona en la que la visibilidad de vuelo mínima sea superior a 5 km;•En un espacio aéreo no controlado(clase F o G), previa publicación, con antelación suficiente, de un NOTAM para operaciones a más de 60 m de distancia del punto más cercanoen la superficie terrestre, o en un espacio aéreo controlado, de conformidad con losprocedimientos publicados respecto a la zona de la operación, de forma que estégarantizada la baja probabilidad de encontrar aeronaves tripuladas;• A una distancia máxima de 100 m del punto más cercano en la superficie terrestre;•La aeronave no tripulada no llevará mercancías peligrosas;• A una velocidad respecto al suelo inferior a 33 m/s;•Se realicen de conformidad con el manual de operaciones del operador de UAS;•Por un piloto a distancia con los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos definidos para este escenario estándar, utilizando una única aeronave no tripulada a la vez y nunca desde unvehículo en movimiento;•Con una aeronave no tripulada de MTOM inferior a 25kg que cumpla unos requisitos técnicos específicos;•Con la aeronave no tripulada visible para el piloto a distancia durante su lanzamiento y recuperación;•Si en ellas no interviene ningún observador del espacio aéreo, con la aeronave no tripulada volando a una distancia máxima de 1 km del piloto a distancia, y siguiendo una trayectoriaprogramada previamente cuando el piloto a distancia no la tenga en modo VLOS;•Si en ellas intervienen uno o varios observadores del espacio aéreo, cumpliendo las condiciones siguientes:—los observadores del espacio aéreo están colocados de forma que cubran adecuadamente el volumen operacional y el espacio aéreo circundante;—la aeronave no tripulada no se utiliza a más de 2 km del piloto a distancia;—la aeronave no tripulada no se utiliza a más de 1 km del observador del espacio aéreo más próximo a ésta;—la distancia entre cualquiera de los observadores del espacio aéreo y el piloto a distancia no es superior a 1 km;—se dispone de medios de comunicación sólidos y eficaces entre el piloto a distancia y los observadores del espacio aéreo.2.2.PROCEDIMIENTO DE PRESENTACIÓN DE UNA DECLARACIÓNLos operadores de UAS que deseen acogerse a un escenario estándar deberán presentar una declaración operacional de manera telemática a través de la sede electrónica de AESA (aquí):Para ello, es necesario seguir los siguientes pasos:1)Darse de alta como usuario en la sede electrónica de AESA.2)Una vez recibida la confirmación del alta, realizar la inscripción en el registro de operadores de UASdesde la misma aplicación. Se obtendrá en este punto un número de operador de UAS unívoco.3)Presentar la declaración operacional, incluyendo:a)Información administrativa actualizada sobre el operador de UAS;b)Las aeronaves no tripuladas que se utilizarán en el escenario estándar seleccionado;c)Una declaración de que la operación cumple los requisitos operacionales descritos en elescenario;d)El compromiso por parte del operador de UAS de aplicar todas las medidas de atenuaciónnecesarias para la seguridad de la operación, ye)Confirmación por parte del operador de UAS de que se dispondrá de un seguro adecuadopara cada vuelo realizado en el marco de la declaración.Esta declaración responsable podrá presentarse de dos formas distintas:•Acceso con certificado digital (obligatorio en caso de personas jurídicas): Mediante esta opción se permite cumplimentar todos los datos, firmarlos digitalmente, y presentar solicitudes de forma automática en AESA. Al finalizar el proceso, se obtendrá un justificante en formato PDF del Registro Telemático de AESA en el que se refleja la información presentada.•Acceso sin certificado digital: Esta opción permite cumplimentar los datos del operador y generar declaraciones. En el caso de personas físicas que opten por realizar el trámite sin certificado digital, se precisará imprimir la declaración y presentarla debidamente firmada a través de uno de los siguientes medios dirigida a:División de UASAgencia Estatal de Seguridad AéreaPaseo de la Castellana, 112. 28046 (Madrid)a)En el Registro General de AESA o en su oficina de asistencia en materia de registro.b)En los registros u oficinas de asistencia en materia de registros de cualquier órganoadministrativo, que pertenezca a la Administración General del Estado, a la de cualquierAdministración de las Comunidades Autónomas, a la de cualquier Administración de lasDiputaciones Provinciales, Cabildos y Consejos Insulares, a los Ayuntamientos de losMunicipios a que se refiere el artículo 121 de la Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, reguladora de lasBases del Régimen Local, o a la del resto de las entidades que integran la AdministraciónLocal si, en este último caso, se hubiese suscrito el oportuno convenio.c)En las oficinas de Correos, mediante correo certificado administrativo.d)En las representaciones diplomáticas u oficinas consulares de España en el extranjero.e)En cualquier otro que establezcan las disposiciones vigentes.Una vez recibida la declaración, AESA verificará que contiene todos los elementos necesarios y, automáticamente, proporcionará al operador de UAS una confirmación a través de la aplicación web en formato de PDF de que la ha recibido y de que está completa. Una vez recibida dicha confirmación, el operador de UAS podrá iniciar la operación.2.3.DOCUMENTACIÓN.Si bien el operador de UAS no deberá presentar documentación ante AESA, estará obligado, en cambio, a disponer y conservar a disposición de AESA los documentos necesarios para justificar el cumplimiento con lo especificado en el escenario estándar correspondiente.2.4.EFICACIA DE LA DECLARACIÓN.Las declaraciones de escenarios estándar nacionales serán válidas y se podrá operar de acuerdo con lo declarado hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2025.Las declaraciones de escenarios estándar europeos serán válidas mientras el operador de UAS cumpla los requisitos aplicables de los Reglamentos europeos y las condiciones del escenario estándar correspondiente.2.5.MODIFICACIÓN DE UNA DECLARACIÓN.Los operadores de UAS notificarán sin demora indebida a AESA cualquier cambio en la información incluida en la declaración operacional que hayan presentado.。

Zebra ZD420C 纸卷模式说明书

Media OutStatus + Media lights RedSin papelLuces de eﬆado + papel se encienden en color rojoFin de papierVoyant rouge d'état et de supportOpen and place roll on holderAbra y coloque el rollo en el soporteOuvrez le rouleau et positionnez-le sur le supportVeriﬁque que gire fácilmente en el soporteContrôlez la mise en place rapidePull paper paﬆ printer frontTire el papel haﬆa que salga más allá del frentede la impresoraTirez le papier à l'avant de l'imprimantePush the paper under guidesEmpuje el papel debajo de las guíasPassez-le sous les guidesAlign sensor near center (default)position or to middle of black marks.Alinee el sensor cerca de la posición central(predeterminada) o en el medio de las marcas negrasAlignez la cellule sur la position centrale(valeur par défaut) ou sur le centre des marques noires Prints Conﬁguration Report.Open PrinterDiscard empty rollAbra la impresoraDeseche el rollo vacíoOuvrez l'imprimanteRetirez le rouleau usagélimpieza. Limpie desde el centro hacia el borde exterior.Nettoyez la tête d'impression à l'aide du ﬆylet de nettoyage.Procédez en allant du centre vers le bord extérieur.Remove and discard outer layerExtraiga y deseche la capa externaRetirez la pellicule de protectionInsert Ribbon Cartridge into slot.Insertar cartucho de cinta en ranura.Insérez le rouleau de ruban dans son emplacement.Press ﬁrmly to engage.Presione con ﬁrmeza para que se enganche correctamente.Appuyez fermement pour bien le positionner.Close the printerCierre la impresoraRefermez l'imprimantePress power and wait as lights cyclePresione el botón de encendido y espere que las lucescompleten el ciclo de encendido y apagadoAppuyez sur le bouton Marche/Arrêt et attendez la ﬁndu cycle d'initialisationGreen Status Light ON - Printer ReadyLuz de eﬆado de color verde encendida:impresora liﬆaVoyant d'état vert allumé - Imprimante prête©2017 ZIH Corp. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Zebra and the stylized Zebra head are trademarks of ZIH Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Corporate Headquarters +1 800 423 0442******************Asia-Pacific Headquarters +65 6858 0722**********************EMEA Headquarters /locations ******************Latin America Headquarters +1 847 955 2283**********************/locationsPrinted In Chinaw w w .z e b r a .c o m /z d 420c -i n foZ D 42/setupI n s t a l l L a t e s t Z e b r a S e t u p U t i l i t i e sh t t p ://w w w .z e b r a .c o m /s e t u pS e t U p Y o u r P r i n t e rh t t p ://w w w .z e b r a .c o m /z d 420c -i n f oL e a r n A b o u t G e n u i n e Z e b r a S u p p l i e sh t t p ://w w w .z e b r a .c o m /s u p p l i e sConnect a USB cable to the printer Conecte un cable USB a la impresora Branchez un câble USB à l'imprimante.Download and Inﬆall Zebra Setup Utilities Includes Windows Printer Driver FilesDescargue e inﬆale Zebra Setup Utilities (Utilidades deconﬁguración de Zebra). Incluye el controladorde impresora de WindowsTéléchargez et inﬆallez Zebra Setup Utilities.(Pilote d'impression Windows inclus)。

意大利语学习之二

意大利语学习之二LEZIONE 2这是Lezione 2，在这一课里我们要讲授意大利语另一个非常重要的概念－名词的阴性和阳性。

但首先，我们来看这一课里的单词。

1 questo (代) 这，这个2 quello (代)那，那个3 non （副）没有，不4 temperino (名·阳)小刀5 banco (名·阳)课桌6 quadro (名·阳)画7 porta (名·阴)门8 finestra (名·阴)窗户9 calamaio (名·阳)墨水瓶10 cappello (名·阳)帽子11 vestito (名·阳) 衣服12 sedia (名·阴)椅子13 tavola (名·阴)桌子注意：这个词的重音在第一个音节上14 colla (名·阴)浆糊这个词非常类似英语里的collar,但是collar是“领子”的意思15 gomma (名·阴)橡皮16 biro (名·阴)圆珠笔英语里也有biro这个词，但是英语里的b iro特指可以吸墨水的圆珠笔。

而意大利语中的biro泛指任何类型的圆珠笔。

另外，biro是个阴性名词！17 francobollo (名·阳)邮票这个词的词头franco是一个英文单词，意思是“免邮费的”18 riga (名·阴)尺子19 lettera （名·阴）信（letter）20 cartolina （名·阴）明信片21 di （介）...的22 colore (名·阳) 颜色（color）23 bianco (形)白的24 nero (形)黑的25 scaffale (名·阴)书架26 verde （形）绿的27 rosso (形)红的28 dove (副)哪里1 Roma 罗马（Rome）2 Milano 米兰注意：Milano是意大利语中“米兰”的正确的写法。

酿酒葡萄品种大全

白葡萄品种 White Varieties
❖ 莎当妮 / Chardonnay ❖ 白苏维翁 / Sauvignon Blanc ❖ 雷司令 / Riesling ❖ 灰皮诺 / Pinot Gris ❖ 维欧芝 / Viognier ❖ 琼瑶浆（特浓查曼娜）/ Gewurztraminer ❖ 赛蜜容 / Semillon ❖ 白仙浓 / Chenin Blanc
黑皮诺 Pinot Noir
❖ 特性：香蕉、口香糖、樱桃、草莓气味。
❖ 用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄 ❖ Grape used to make Beaujolais ❖ 果香浓郁, 口感柔和 ❖ Fruity and light in tannins ❖ 酒体呈浅紫色 ❖ Light purple in color ❖ 趁年轻时喝 ❖ To be drunk young
佳美 Gamay
西拉 / Syrah / Shiraz
❖ 特性：烟熏、黑莓、胡椒、薄荷、干枣味道。
❖ 口感丰富，酒体饱满 ❖ Rich and full-bodied ❖ 丰富的野味及辛辣味 ❖ Game and spice complexity ❖ 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 ❖ Rich black and red berry fruit, plum ❖ 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区, 澳大利亚 ❖ Mostly grown in Rhône Region, France, Australia
新鲜，芬芳 ❖ Light color
颜色偏淡
维欧芝 Viognier
❖ 特性：水蜜桃、香料、茉莉花和杏的味道。 ❖ 北罗纳谷, 奥大利亚, 美国加州
Northern Rhône, Australia, California ❖ 有声望的孔德里欧法定产地

颜色标准与颜色命名

Color Standards and Color Nomenclature Robert Ridgway (1912)absinthe green 120acajou red 19acetin blue 173- 20 4ackermann's green 145aconite violet 223ageratum violet 223alice blue 185alizarine blue 182alizarine pink 2 3amaranth pink 248amaranth purple 256amber brown 55amber yellow 83 84 86 87 american green 136amethyst violet 216amparo blue 195amparo purple 217 218andover green 122aniline black 229 234aniline lilac 210aniline yellow 85anthracene green 164 165 anthracene purple 229 259 anthracene violet 211antimony yellow 71antique brown 55 58antique green 150 151antwerp blue 182 183 186 apple green 117apricot buff 53apricot orange 53apricot yellow 84argus brown 58argyle purple 241army brown 58 61 artemesia green 155 asphodel green 120aster purple 256 auburn 43 auricula purple 259 avellaneous 76 79 azurite blue 200barium yellow 101 10 2baryta yellow 86bay 43begonia rose 27benzo brown 45 60 61 benzol green 160berlin blue 183beryl blue 171beryl green 159bice green 120biscay green 120bishop's purple 241bister 80 81 bittersweet orange 37bittersweet pink 53black 267blackish green-blue 174blackish green-gray 267blackish mouse-gray 64 266 blackish plumbeous 192blackish purple 242 243 blackish red-purple 259blackish slate 266blackish violet 211 212 21 5blackishviolet-gray234 266blanc's blue 182blanc's violet 215 228 22 9blue-violet 194 205blue-violet black 234 266bluish black 187 188bluish glaucous 148 162bluish gray-green 149 150bluish lavender 210bluish slate-black 183 187bluish violet 194 205bone brown 61 64bordeaux 259bottle green 146bradley's blue 176bradley's violet 206 207 210 211 brazil red 38bremen blue 172brick red 43bright chalcedonyyellow116 119bright green-yellow 115brownish drab 45 60brownish olive 95brownish vinaceous 18brussels brown 58buckthorn brown 74buff-pink or buffpink29buffy brown 76 77buffy citrine 94buff-yellow or buffyellow86 87buffy olive 106burn blue 180 181 198 199 burnt lake 242burnt sienna 40burnt umber 46cacao brown 42cadet blue 178 18 2cadet gray 185 cadmium orange 48 50 cadmium yellow 50 68calamine blue 171 17 2calla green 107 calliste green 117 cameo brown 43 46cameo pink 246 24 9capri blue 173capucine buff 70 71 73 capucine orange 53capucine yellow 68carmine 11carnelian red 35carob brown 44carrot red 37cartridge buff 89castor gray 155 265cedar green 120 125celandine green 149cendre blue 168cendre green 130cerulean blue 178chaetura black 81chaetura drab 64chalcedony yellow 101chamois 87chapman's blue 182chartreuse yellow 101chatenay pink 5 29chessylite blue 173 174 182 186 chestnut 43chestnut-brown 43 46chicory blue 199 210china blue 182chinese violet 223chocolate 46chromium green 120chrysolite green 120chrysopraise green 135cinereous 190 191cinnamon 57 72cinnamon-brown 58cinnamon-buff 71 76 87 cinnamon-drab 45 60cinnamon-rufous 54citrine 106 107citrine-drab 106citron green 102 105citron yellow 98 99 101 102 civette green 136claret brown 43clay color 74 77 94clear cadet blue 177 178clear dull116 117 119 120 green-yellowclear fluorite green 135clear green-blue gray 185 191clear payne's gray 186 191clear windsor blue 199clear yellow-green 116clove brown 81cobalt green 144colonial buff 86columbia blue 181 182commelina blue 194congo pink 26 29coral pink 26coral red 37corinthian pink 5 corinthian purple 259 corinthian red 19 cornflower blue 194 corydalis green 119 121 cossack green 125 127 cosse green 117 cotinga purple 219 223 courge green 120court gray 148court grey 148cream buff 86 87 cream color 86cress green 120 125 cyanine blue 200dahlia carmine 25 9dahlia purple 25 9daphne pink 248 25 1daphne red 258dark american green 137 150 15 1dark aniline blue 187 229 dark anthraceneviolet224 229 dark bluish glaucous 144 149dark bluish gray-green 150 151 164165dark bluish violet 211 212 215 dark cadet blue 182 204dark chessylite blue 174 182 183 18 6dark cinnabar green 164 dark citrine 107 dark corinthianpurple259 dark cress green 125dark delft blue 183 187dark diva blue 196 200dark dull bluish211 215violetdark dull bluish215violetdark dull bluish224violetdark dull204 215violet-bluedark dull215violet-bluedark dull125 127 yellow-greendark glaucous-gray 150dark grayish156 266blue-greendark grayish215blue-violetdark grayish brown 19 23dark grayish214lavenderdark grayish olive 113dark green 137 150 151dark green-blue gray 186dark green-blue183 187slatedark greenish135 136 glaucousdark greenish olive 107 110dark gull gray 266dark heliotrope gray 228dark heliotrope229 234slatedark hyssop violet 224 228dark indian red 19 20dark ivy green 127dark lavender 222dark livid brown 19dark livid purple 229 259dark madder blue 186 204dark madder violet 224 229dark maroon purple 242dark medici blue 192dark mineral red 19 20dark mouse gray 64 266dark naphthalene229 242violetdark neutral gray 266dark nigrosin violet 224dark olive 110dark olive-buff 91dark olive-gray 110 113dark orient blue 186dark payne's gray 187 192dark perilla purple 259dark plumbago blue 214 227dark plumbago gray 228 233 234 dark plumbago slate 234dark plumbeous 192dark porcelain green 150dark purple-drab 228dark purplish gray 234 266dark quaker drab 234dark russian green 150 151dark slate-purple 242dark slate-violet 234dark slate-violet 228dark soft200 211blue-violetdark soft bluish211violetdark sulphate green 164dark terre verte 150dark tyrian blue 186 204dark varley's gray 234dark vinaceous 19darkvinaceous-brown19dark vinaceous-drab 19 23 dark vinaceous-gray 228darkvinaceous-purple259dark violet 211dark violet-gray 234 266 dark violet-slate 186dark viridian green 145dark yellowish green 137dark yvette violet 229dark zinc green 145 dauphin's violet 211dawn gray 190 264 deep aniline lilac 177deep blue-violet 194 205 deep bluish glaucous 162deep bluishgray-green150 164 deep brownish drab 61deep brownishvinaceous19deep cadet blue 182deep chicory blue 206deep chrome 68deep chrysolitegreen120deep colonial buff 87deep corinthian red 19deep delft blue 186deep dull bluishviolet207 211deep dull bluish violet 203 204 214215deep dull bluishviolet211 deep dull lavender 227deep dull violaceous200bluedeep dull211violet-bluedeep dutch blue 186 203deep glaucous-gray 191deep glaucous-green 144deep grape green 120 122deep grayish150blue-greendeep grayish214 227 lavenderdeep grayish olive 113deep green-blue gray 186deep greenish143glaucousdeep gull gray 265deep heliotrope gray 228deep hyssop violet 223deep lavender 210deep lavender-blue 195deep lichen green 135deep livid brown 19deep livid purple 259deep madder blue 204deep malachite green 136deep medici blue 191deep mouse gray 64 265 266 deep neutral gray 266deep olive 107 110deep olive-buff 90deep olive-gray 112deep orient blue 186deep payne's gray 186deep plumbago blue 227deep plumbago gray 233deep plumbeous 186 191deep purplish gray 234deep purplishvinaceous262deep quaker drab 234deep rose pink 247deep sea-foam green 119deep slate-blue 186deep slate-green 156deep slate-olive 156deep slate-violet 228deep slaty brown 229deep softblue-violet200 211 deep soft bluishviolet207deep turtle green 131 136 deep varley's gray 228 234 deep vinaceous 6deep vinaceous-gray 228deepvinaceous-lavender244 253deep violet-gray 233 234 265 26 6deepviolet-plumbeous204deep wedgewood blue 195delft blue 186diamin-azo blue 215 229diamine brown 46diamine green 145 146diva blue 195 196drab 76 77 79 80 drab-gray 79 93dragons-blood red 38dresden brown 77duck green 151dull blackish green 151dull blue-greenblack187 188 193dull blue-violet 196 206 207 dull blue-violet 211dull bluish violet 206 207dull bluish violet 210 211dull bluish violet 207 211dull citrine 106 107dull dark purple 237 238 241 dull dusky purple 229 242dull greenish black 156 266dull greenish black 156 266dull green-yellow 117dull indian purple 262dull lavender 253dull magenta purple 237dull opaline green 148dull purplish black 234dull violaceous blue 196dull violet-black 234dull violet-black 187 192dull violet-black 229 234 266 26 7dull violet-blue 196dull violet-blue 211dusky auriculapurple242dusky blue 204dusky blue-green 151dusky blue-violet 215dusky blue-violet 212 229 dusky bluish green 156dusky brown 229 234 dusky drab 64dusky dull bluishgreen151dusky dull green 151 156 dusky dull violet 224dusky dull violet 223 224 228 dusky dull 215violet-bluedusky green 150 151 dusky green-blue 165 174 186 dusky green-blue 186 187 dusky green-gray 266dusky greenish blue 179 182 183 dusky neutral gray 266dusky olive-green 127dusky orient blue 186dusky purplish gray 229 234 266 26 7dusky slate-blue 187dusky slate-violet 229 234 dusky violet 229dusky violet-blue 204 215 dusky violet-blue 187dusky yellowishgreen127dutch blue 185 203ecru-drab 33ecru-olive 88 91elm green 125 127 emerald green 130empire green 150 151 empire yellow 83endive blue 199 203 english red 38eosine pink 3ethyl green 160 164eton blue 182etruscan red 19eugenia red 15eupatorium purple 240 241fawn color 45 57 60 ferruginous 37 38flame scarlet 34flax-flower blue 195flesh color 5flesh-ochre 53flesh pink 28 29 fluorite green 136 fluorite violet 224forest green 120 125 forget-me-not blue 195 french gray 185 190 french green 145 fuscous 64 fuscous-black 64 266garnet brown 13gendarme blue 18 2gentian blue 19 6geranium pink 3 27 glass green 119 glaucous 121 glaucous-blue 172 glaucous-gray 190 glaucous-green 149gnaphalium green 148 14 9grass green 120grayish blue-green 150grayish blue-violet 196 200 207 211 grayish blue-violet 199grayish lavender 227grayish olive 109grayish violaceousblue199grayish violet-blue 210 211green-blue slate 186greenish glaucous 148greenish 163glaucous-bluegreenishslate-black151 156 266 267 greenish yellow 99green-yellow 98grenadine 35grenadine pink 26grenadine red 34guinea green 160gull gray 265haematite red 46haematoxylin violet 22 3hair brown 64hathi gray 154 155 264 265 hay's blue 196hay's brown 19 46hay's green 136 137hay's lilac 222hay's maroon 20hay's russet 43hazel 55heliotrope gray 227 228heliotrope slate 228hellebore red 258helvetia blue 196hermosa pink 2hessian brown 46 47honey yellow 87 88hortense blue 182hortense violet 217hyacinth blue 197 211hyacinth violet 219hydrangea pink 28 29hydrangea red 19hyssop violet 223indian lake 258 26 2indian purple 229 25 9indian red 19indigo blue 183 186 187 204 indulin blue 204invisible green 151 165iron gray 113isabella color 91italian blue 169ivory yellow 89ivy green 107 110jade green 125 12 7japan rose 29jasper green 145jasper pink 3 26 27 jasper red 15javel green 102jay blue 182 199 jouvence blue 164 173kaiser brown 55kildare green 12 0killarney green 13 6king's blue 18 1kronberg's green 106 107laelia pink 240 24 8la france pink 1lavender 209 21 3lavender-blue 195 199lavender-gray 202 203 213 214 lavender-violet 206leaf green 127leitch's blue 178lemon chrome 84lemon yellow 98 99lettuce green 120lichen green 148light alice blue 181 185light amparo blue 177light amparo purple 217light bice green 120light blue-green 140 144light blue-violet 194light bluish violet 195 196 206light brownish drab 60light brownish olive 94light brownish8vinaceouslight buff 73 89light cadet blue 177light cadmium 82light campanula blue 195light celandine154 155greenlight cendre green 130 135light cerulean blue 181light chalcedony101yellowlight chicory blue 210light cinnamon-drab 45 60light columbia blue 181light congo pink 28 29light coral red 37light corinthian red 6light cress green 120light danube green 145light dull bluish210violetlight dull172 185 glaucous-bluelight dull119 green-yellowlight elm green 120light fluorite green 119light forget-me-not181bluelight glaucous-blue 171light grape green 120light grayish181 199 blue-violetlight grayish olive 109 112light grayish32 vinaceouslight grayish195violet-bluelight greenish98 99 yellowlight green-yellow 101light gull gray 264light heliotrope227graylight hellebore120 122 greenlight hortense217violetlight hyssop violet 210light jasper red 3 15light king's blue 184 185 light lavender-blue 199light210 lavender-violetlight lobelia violet 222light lumiere green 119light mallow purple 248light medici blue 186light methyl blue 177 178 light mineral gray 154light mouse gray 63light neropalin blue 185light neutral gray 265light niagara green 163light71 ochraceous-bufflight73 ochraceous-salmonlight olive-gray 93light orange-yellow 71 84light oriental green 135light paris green 135light payne's gray 185 191light perilla purple 241 245 light phlox purple 248light pinkish28 29 cinnamonlight pinkish lilac 249light plumbago gray 233light porcelain163 164 greenlight purple-drab 228light purplish gray 233 265light purplish5 vinaceouslight quaker drab 233light rosolane248 purplelight42russet-vinaceouslight salmon-orange 53light seal brown 23light sky blue 185light soft 195 206blue-violetlight squill blue 181light sulphate green 163light terre verte 164light turtle green 119light tyrian blue 186 203 204light varley's gray 227light73vinaceous-cinnamonlight19vinaceous-drablight32 33vinaceous-fawnlight227 232 233 253 vinaceous-graylight240 244 250 253 vinaceous-lilaclight245vinaceous-purplelight violet 195 206light violet-blue 196light violet-gray 233 265light185 186 203violet-plumbeouslight viridine green 119light viridine101yellowlight windsor blue 199light wistaria blue 199 210light wistaria210violetlight yellow-green 116 119light yellowish103olivelilac 222 227lilac gray 232lily green 155lime green 102 103 106 lincoln green 127liseran purple 237 240 241 248 litho purple 218 219 223liver brown 43livid brown 19livid pink 4 5 7 8 livid purple 241livid violet 223 228lobelia violet 222lumiere blue 163 172lumiere green 119 120lyons blue 178madder blue 214 228madder brown 19madder violet 224magenta 237mahogany red 43maize yellow 86malachite green 135mallow pink 247mallow purple 236 248 manganese violet 218marguerite yellow 89marine blue 182maroon 44mars brown 58mars orange 37 38mars violet 229mars yellow 69 72martius yellow 101massicot yellow 86 89mathew's blue 178mathew's purple 218 223mauve 206mauvette 249mazarine blue 177 181meadow green 136medal bronze 95methyl blue 176 methyl green 160 164 microcline green 162 mignonette green 106 mikado brown 57 mikado orange 50 mineral gray 122 mineral green 117 mineral red 19 montpellier green 144 145 morocco red 43 motmot blue 173 motmot green 131 136 mouse gray 63 mulberry purple 219 224 mummy brown 78 munich lake 11 12 mustard yellow 84myrtle green 165 mytho green 120 122naphthalene violet 24 2naphthalene yellow 101 104 naples yellow 86natal brown 61navy blue 200 204 neropalin blue 181 neutral gray 265 neutral red 259 262 neuvider green 135neva green 116 niagara green 149 163 nickel green 145 150 night green 115 nigrosin blue 204 nigrosin violet 224nopal red 12ocher red 19 ochraceous-buff 28 29 ochraceous-orange 68 69 ochraceous-salmon 53 ochraceous-tawny 72 74 oil green 120old burgundy 21old gold 88 94 old rose 15olive 107 110 olive-brown 80olive-buff 89 90 olive-citrine 107olive-gray 109 112 olive green 107olive lake 91 106 olive-ocher 87 88 olive-yellow 102 olivine 135 olympic blue 178onion-skin pink 29 53 ontario violet 210 opaline green 119 121 orange 50 orange-buff 71 orange chrome 48 orange-cinnamon 53 orange-citrine 94 orange-pink 49 52 orange-rufous 51 orange-vinaceous 3 26 oriental green 136orient blue 182 186 orient pink 26oural green 134 135ox-blood red 13oxide blue 178 182pale amaranth pink 24 7pale amparo blue 184 18 5pale amparo purple 222pale aniline lilac 180 18 1pale blue 171 18 4pale blue-green 148 pale blue-violet 195pale bluish lavender 213 22 6pale bluish violet 195 pale brownish drab 10pale brownishvinaceous7 8pale cadet blue 181 185 199 20 3pale campanula blue 198 199pale cendre green 119 121pale cerulean blue 180 181pale chalcedonyyellow104pale cinnamon-pink 28 29 31 33 pale congo pink 28 29 31 32 pale drab-gray 263 264pale dullglaucous-blue184 185pale dullgreen-yellow119pale ecru-drab 10pale flesh color 28 29pale fluorite green 148pale glass green 119 121pale glaucous-blue 171 184pale glaucous-green 148pale grayish blue 184 202pale grayishblue-violet202pale grayishvinaceous10 31 32 pale grayishviolet-blue199pale green-blue gray 185pale greenish yellow 101 102pale green-yellow 101 104pale gull gray 264pale hortense violet 221 222pale king's blue 213pale laelia pink 249 250palelavender-violet222 227pale lemon yellow 98pale lilac 252pale lobelia violet 226 227pale lumiere green 119pale mauve 226pale mazarine blue 184 185 202 20 3pale medici blue 185 190 191 pale methyl blue 181pale mouse gray 63 93pale neropalin blue 184pale neutral gray 265pale niagara green 148pale nile blue 162paleochraceous-buff28paleochraceous-salmon73 89pale olive-buff 89pale olive-gray 92 93pale olivine 148pale orange-yellow 70 71 83 84 86 87 pale payne's gray 185pale persian lilac 250pale pinkish buff 73pale pinkish73cinnamonpale purple-drab 253pale purplish gray 233pale purplish4 5vinaceouspale quaker drab 232 233pale rhodonite pink 249pale rose-purple 222pale rosolane purple 248pale russian blue 184pale salmon color 73pale smoke gray 93pale soft199 210blue-violetpale sulphate green 163pale tiber green 119pale turquoise green 162pale turtle green 119 121pale varley's gray 214 227pale verbena violet 209pale veronese green 119 121pale vinaceous 5pale vinaceous-drab 8 10 18 22pale vinaceous-fawn 10 31 32 33pale249 252vinaceous-lilacpale vinaceous-pink 31 32pale violet 199 210pale violet-blue 177pale violet-gray 233 265pale185 203violet-plumbeouspale viridine yellow 101 104pale windsor blue 181 199pale wistaria blue 209 210pale wistaria violet 210 214pale yellow-green 119pale yellow-orange 28pallid blue-violet 198 199pallid bluish violet 198 199 209 210pallid brownish drab 10pallid grayish199 203violet-bluepallid methyl blue 180pallid mouse gray 10 264pallid neutral gray 264pallid purple-drab 232 253pallid purplish gray 232pallid quaker drab 232pallid soft198 199 209 210blue-violetpallid232 252vinaceous-drabpallid violet 198 199 202 203 209 210 213 214 pallid violet-blue 198 199pansy purple 259pansy violet 218paris blue 178 179paris green 135parrot green 120parula blue 185 186patent blue 174payne's gray 186peach red 37peacock blue 169peacock green 120pea green 155pearl blue 202 203pearl gray 264pecan brown 57perilla purple 259persian blue 184 185 persian lilac 251 petunia violet 219 phenyl blue 194phlox pink 222phlox purple 237picric yellow 98pinard yellow 83 86 pinkish buff 28 29 pinkish cinnamon 71 76 pinkish vinaceous 29 pistachio green 136 pleroma violet 206 207 plumbago blue 214 227 plumbago gray 233 plumbeous 185 191 plumbeous black 187 267 plum purple 212pois green 122 pompeian red 15 porcelain blue 172 porcelain green 164 primrose yellow 101 primuline yellow 84prout's brown 58prune purple 224 prussian blue 178 182 prussian green 165 prussian red 19 puritan gray 191 purple 236 purple-drab 228 purplish gray 228 234 purplish lilac 240 250 purplish vinaceous 18pyrite yellow 103quaker drab 233 265rainette green 12 0raisin black 22 9raisin purple 24 2ramier blue 214 215 228 raw sienna 72 74reed yellow 102rejane green 135 136 rhodamine purple 254rhodonite pink 251rinnemann's green 120rivage green 119 120 rocellin purple 248 251 roman green 107rood's blue 176rood's brown 45 57 58 rood's lavender 227rood's violet 238rose color 248 254rose doree 27rose pink 249rose-purple 217rose red 11roslyn blue 197 200 211 rosolane pink 246 249 rosolane purple 255royal purple 211rufous 37russet 58russet-vinaceous 19 42 russian blue 184 185 russian green 150saccardo's olive 94 95saccardo's slate 192 saccardo's umber 80 95saccardo's violet 218 22 3safrano pink 26sage green 149sailor blue 196salmon-buff 71 73 salmon color 29 52 53 salmon-orange 50salvia blue 194sanford's brown 54sanford's brown 55sayal brown 74 77 scarlet 35scarlet-red 11scheele's green 117 120 schoenfeld's purple 256sea-foam green 104sea-foam yellow 101 104sea green 164seal brown 23 46 seashell pink 31 33 73 sepia 81 95 serpentine green 106shamrock green 136shell pink 31 32 shrimp pink 28 29 skobeloff green 160sky blue 181sky gray 184slate-black 267slate-blue 204slate color 266slate-gray 266slate-olive 155slate-purple 228 245 slate-violet 229 234slate-violet 228smalt blue 194smoke gray 90 93snuff brown 77 80soft blue-violet 206soft bluish violet 207sooty black 266sorghum brown 46sorrento green 164spectrum blue 176spectrum red 11spectrum violet 207spinach green 120spinel pink 255spinel red 255squill blue 181stone green 136storm gray 155 strawberry pink 37straw yellow 86strontian yellow 99sudan brown 55 57 74 sulphate green 163 164 sulphine yellow 88sulphur yellow 101 104taupe brown 22 9tawny 54tawny-olive 77 94 tea green 122terra cotta 39terre verte 150 testaceous 39 42 thulite pink 247tiber green 135tilleul-buff 31 tourmaline pink 237 248turquoise green 163turtle green 120tyrian blue 186 204 tyrian pink 237tyrian rose 254 tyrolite green 163ultramarine ash 17 8ultramarine blue 17 6urania blue 212 215 229vanderpoel's blue 178 18 2vanderpoel's green 116 11 7vanderpoel's violet 210 vandyke brown 58 61 vandyke red 19 variscite green 143 varley's gray 228 varley's green 137 venetian blue 178 venetian pink 26 venice green 159 verbena violet 214 verdigris green 144 vernonia purple 262 verona brown 58veronese green 119 12 0vetiver green 120 12 2victoria lake 16 17vinaceous 2 3 5 6 vinaceous-brown 19vinaceous-buff 28 29 31 33 vinaceous-cinnamon 29 76vinaceous-drab 19 vinaceous-fawn 29 32 vinaceous-gray 227 228 vinaceous-lavender 5 vinaceous-lilac 251 262 vinaceous-pink 39 42 vinaceous-purple 258 262 vinaceous-purple 245 vinaceous-rufous 38 vinaceous-russet 42 43 vinaceous-slate 228 vinaceous-tawny 39violet carmine 259violet-gray 233violet-plumbeous 203violet-purple 216violet-slate 186violet ultramarine 196 207 viridian green 140 141 viridine green 116 viridine yellow 99 102 vivid green 140wall green 16 4walnut brown 43 46warbler green 106warm blackish brown 20 23warm buff 71 73 87warm sepia 61water green 121wax yellow 84wedgewood blue 180 181 198 199 white 263windsor blue 200winter green 136wistaria blue 195 206wistaria violet 206wood brown 76 79 xanthine orange 51yale blue 18 1yellow green 11 6yellowish citrine 10 3yellowish glaucous 12 1yellowish oil green 10 6yellowish olive 106 107 yellow ochre 72yew green 125 yvette violet 215zinc green 14 5zinc orange 50 53。

小学上册第六次英语第1单元期末试卷

小学上册英语第1单元期末试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:100）B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. landfill) is where waste is buried. 填空题：The ____2. 填空题：The park is ________ (热闹的).3. 选择题：Which insect can create honey?A. AntB. BeeC. ButterflyD. Mosquito答案: B4. 选择题：What is the process of water changing to vapor called?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. Freezing5. 选择题：What color are strawberries?A. BlueB. YellowC. RedD. Green6. 听力题：A ____ can often be seen in gardens looking for food.7. 听力题：A _______ is a type of plant that grows in the desert.8. 听力题：A flamingo gets its pink color from its ______.9. 选择题：Which of these is a type of fruit?A. LettuceB. CarrotC. TomatoD. Spinach答案:C10. 选择题：What do we call a person who studies the effects of climate change on species?A. EcologistB. BiologistC. ConservationistD. Environmental Scientist答案: A11. 选择题：What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. RapunzelD. Sleeping Beauty答案:C12. 选择题：What is the name of the famous explorer who sailed the Pacific Ocean?A. Ferdinand MagellanB. Christopher ColumbusC. Vasco da GamaD. John Cabot答案: A13. 听力题：Fossils can provide information about past ______ environments.14. 填空题：I got a new ________ for my birthday.15. 填空题：My dog loves to dig ______ (洞) in the backyard.16. 选择题：What is the primary ingredient in hummus?B. ChickpeasC. PeasD. Beans答案:B17. 选择题：What is the main organ in the human body that pumps blood?A. BrainB. LungsC. HeartD. Liver答案: C18. 填空题：The butterfly rests on a ______ (花).19. ng Rebellion was a massive civil war in ________ (中国). 填空题：The Taj20. 听力题：I have a _______ (surprise) for you.21. 填空题：My __________ (玩具名) is a great __________ (名词) for learning.22. 填空题：I like to watch the birds in the ______.23. 选择题：What do we call the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. GrowthC. ChangeD. Transformation答案: A24. 填空题：I love to pick ______ (水果) in the summer. They are so ______ (美味).25. 选择题：What is the capital city of Malaysia?a. Kuala Lumpurb. Penangc. Johor Bahru答案:a26. 填空题：My favorite superhero _________ (玩偶) has a cool _________ (披风).27. 填空题：I love to feel the __________ on my face during a sunny day. (微风)28. 填空题：The ________ is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.29. 听力题：The __________ is the measure of how much matter is in a given volume.30. 选择题：How many players are on a soccer team?A. ElevenB. TenC. NineD. Twelve31. 听力题：A __________ is a measure of how fast a reaction occurs.32. 选择题：What is the capital of Belize?a. Belmopanb. Belize Cityc. San Ignaciod. Corozal答案:a33. 听力题：An ant is an example of a __________ insect.34. 选择题：What is the capital of Finland?A. HelsinkiB. OsloC. TallinnD. Riga答案:A35. 填空题：The __________ (种植者) planted seeds in rows.What do you call the line that separates two countries?A. BoundaryB. BorderC. FrontierD. Division37. 填空题：I found a ________ in the grass.38. 选择题：What is the capital of Kyrgyzstan?A. BishkekB. OshC. Jalal-AbadD. Tokmok39. 听力题：The Earth’s crust is made up of several large ______.40. 选择题：What do we call the act of trying out new things?A. ExperimentingB. TestingC. SamplingD. All of the Above答案：D41. 选择题：Which word means "to look at something closely"?A. ObserveB. IgnoreC. ForgetD. Understand42. 填空题：The __________ (历史的启发) can motivate change.43. 填空题：Turtles can withdraw into their ______ (壳).44. 填空题：My mom works as a ______ (我妈妈工作是) teacher.45. 听力题：The Orion constellation is best seen in ______._____ (农田) are filled with crops.47. 听力题：I have a _____ (pen).48. 选择题：What do we call the small pieces of glass used for decoration?A. MarbleB. BeadsC. GemsD. Mosaic答案:D49. 选择题：What do we call a scientist who studies marine life?a. Marine biologistb. Oceanographerc. Aquatic ecologistd. Ichthyologist答案:a50. 选择题：What is the name of the famous mountain in North America?A. Mount DenaliB. Mount RushmoreC. Mount RainierD. Mount Whitney答案: A. Mount Denali51. 选择题：Which of these is NOT a primary color?A. RedB. BlueC. GreenD. Yellow52. 填空题：A _____ (海豚) can leap out of the water gracefully.53. 选择题：What is 2 + 2?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案:B54. 填空题：I can jump very ______.55. 听力题：She _____ (has/have) a cute puppy.56. 选择题：What is the primary color of grass?A. RedB. YellowC. BlueD. Green答案: D57. 填空题：The first successful vaccine was developed by _______. (詹纳)58. 听力题：They are ___ (happy/sad) about the trip.59. 选择题：Which animal is known for being very slow?A. RabbitB. TurtleC. CheetahD. Kangaroo答案:B60. 填空题：He is very _____ (善于沟通) in meetings.61. 选择题：What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Statue of LibertyD. Colosseum答案: A62. 选择题：What is the capital of Sweden?A. StockholmB. GothenburgD. Uppsala答案: A63. 听力题：I like to eat _____ (苹果).64. 听力题：I can ________ (skate) on rollerblades.65. 听力题：I like to ________ my homework.66. 听力题：A _____ is a phenomenon where a star dimples.67. 选择题：What is the name of the famous artist known for his "The Kiss"?A. Gustav KlimtB. Edvard MunchC. Vincent van GoghD. Claude Monet答案: A68. 选择题：What is the capital city of Portugal?A. LisbonB. PortoC. FaroD. Madeira69. 听力题：The chemical formula for sodium phosphate is _____.70. 听力题：I like to ________ cartoons.71. 填空题：A tortoise can retract its head into its ______ (壳).72. community project) addresses local needs. 填空题：The ____73. 选择题：What do we call the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment?B. BiologyC. ZoologyD. Botany答案: A. Ecology74. 选择题：Which fruit is known for having seeds on the outside?A. RaspberryB. StrawberryC. BlueberryD. Blackberry75. 听力题：The __________ is a well-known landmark of freedom.76. 填空题：I love to draw pictures of ________.77. 听力题：I like to ______ stories about adventures. (read)78. 填空题：The garden is vibrant with ______.79. 选择题：What do you call a person who studies insects?A. EntomologistB. BiologistC. ZoologistD. Botanist答案: A80. 听力题：I see a rainbow after the ______ (storm).81. 听力题：The cat is _____ (black).82. 听力题：A __________ is formed by the accumulation of minerals over time.83. 听力题：My favorite color is _______ (blue).84. 听力题：A ____ has a spiny back and can curl into a ball for protection.85. 填空题：The first successful test of a nuclear bomb occurred in ________ (1945).86. 听力题：The body of water located between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula is the __________ Sea.87. 填空题：The goldfish swims in circles in its _________. (鱼缸)88. 听力填空题：I believe in the power of friendship. Friends support each other and share good times. I feel lucky to have a friend like __________ who always makes me smile.89. 听力题：The city of Vilnius is the capital of _______.90. 选择题：Which season comes after summer?A. WinterB. FallC. SpringD. Rainy答案:B91. 填空题：The __________ is a famous landmark in Beijing. (天坛)92. 听力题：I see a _____ (dragon) in the story.93. 填空题：My dad helps me fix my ____.94. 选择题：What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. Boiling答案: A95. 填空题：My ________ (玩具) can be used for storytelling.96. 听力题：The _____ (garden) is full of plants.97. 填空题：Koalas eat _______ (桉树叶).98. 填空题：I enjoy _______ (与家人一起)庆祝节日.99. 选择题：What do you call the process of a plant producing seeds?A. GerminationB. PollinationC. FertilizationD. Seed Dispersal答案: B100. 听力题：The __________ is located at the southernmost point of South America.。

Color_iMatch操作手册

X-rite Color iQC/iMatch 电脑测配色系统操作手册序言Color iQC/iMatch软件是美国爱色丽（X-Rite）企业颜色管理计划下主要组件之一，以工业用户为基础，提供合适的软/硬件工具，为大小客户及供应链提供精确简易的色彩管理方案。

此软件已得到包括Wal-Mart、Target、Ann Taylor、JCPenny、M&S等在内的国内外诸多大公司的认可，并指定其作为他们电子数据提交的有效途径。

爱色丽（X-Rite）公司成立与1958年，公司总部位于美国密歇根州大激流市，经过近五十年的发展，其产品和服务已覆盖全球100多个国家，在收购GretagMacbeth后，主要产品有CE7000A、Color i7、Color i5、SP系列、500系列等，广泛应用于纺织、印刷、塑料、涂料、包装、设计、汽车、摄影、视频、牙齿护理及医疗等行业。

其发展历程：1915 麦克贝斯(Macbeth)人工日光公司在纽约开业，向市内零售商提供日光照明设施。

1918 孟塞尔(Munsell)颜色公司在波士顿成立，生产带孟塞尔颜色体系标识的颜色标准。

1946 格灵达(Gretag)公司在瑞士成立。

1958 爱色丽(X-Rite)公司在美国密歇根州格兰维尔市成立。

1961 爱色丽开发出早期市场化产品，X射线记录条。

1984 格灵达颜色控制系统研发出便携式分光光度仪。

1986 爱色丽在美国纳斯达克上市。

1993 爱色丽香港公司成立，开拓中国及亚洲业务。

1997 格灵达与麦克贝斯合并成为格灵达·麦克贝斯GretagMacbeth2001 格灵达麦克贝斯成为Amazys控股公司的子公司。

爱色丽上海公司成立。

2003 爱色丽中国维修服务中心在上海成立。

2006 爱色丽收购Amazys (格灵达麦克贝斯的母公司)。

2007 爱色丽收购彩通(Pantone)公司。

本手册采用软件版本为Color iMatch v6.1.38，详细介绍软件的常规应用操作及常见功能，对初学者有很大的指导意义。

食品添加剂中英文对照表

Potassium phosphates (i)Monopotassium phosphate (ii)Dipotassium phosphate (iii)Tripotassium phosphate
Calcium phosphates (i)Monocalcium phosphate (ii)Dicalcium phophate (iii)Tricalcium phosphate
59 E 222 Sodium hydrogen sulphite 60 E 223 Sodium metabisulphite 61 E 224 Potassium metabisulphite 62 E 226 Calcium sulphite 63 E 227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite 64 E 228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite 65 E 230 Biphenyl, diphenyl 66 E 231 Orthophenyl phenol 67 E 232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol 68 E 233 Thiabendazole 69 E 234 Nisin 70 E 235 Natamycin or pimaricin 71 E 239 Hexamethylene tetramine 72 E 242 Dimethyl dicarbonate 73 E 249 Potassium nitrite 74 E 250 Sodium nitrite 75 E 251 Sodium nitrate 76 E 252 Potassium nitrate 77 E 260 Acetic acid 78 E 261 Potassium acetate or potassium diacetate

【C#】Color颜色对照表

Color.SteelBlue Color.Tan Color.Teal Color.Thistle Color.Tomato Color.Turquoise Color.Violet
255,160,122 32,178,170 135,206,250 119,136,153 176,196,222 255,255,224
240,128,128 224,255,255 250,250,210 144,238,144 211,211,211 255,182,193
Color.Violet Color.Wheat Color.White Color.WhiteSmoke Color.Yellow Color.YellowGreen
0,255,0 50,205,50 250,240,230 255,0,255
128,0,0 10,219 60,179,113 123,104,238 0,250,154 72,209,204 199,21,112 25,25,112 245,255,250 255,228,225 255,228,181 255,222,173
0,255,255 127,255,212 240,255,255 245,245,220 255,228,196
0,0,0 255,255,205
0,0,255 138,43,226 165,42,42 222,184,135 95,158,160 127,255,0 210,105,30 255,127,80 100,149,237 255,248,220 220,20,60 0,255,255
128,0,128 255,0,0
188,143,143 65,105,225 139,69,19 250,128,114 244,164,96 46,139,87 255,245,238 160,82,45 192,192,192 135,206,235 106,90,205 112,128,144 255,250,250 0,255,127

C#颜色和名称样式对照表

C#颜⾊和名称样式对照表转帖：这篇⽂章来来源于，这⾥是我翻译的中⽂版本，其中已经加上了我的⼀些理解和注释。

翻译这篇⽂章的原因是我在写C#程序的时候发现，C#⾃带的颜⾊种类极多（详见下表），如果没有直观的对照关系的话，很难从那么多的名字中挑选出中意的颜⾊。

以下的颜⾊代码取⾃HTML规范，这些颜⾊的名称对应于KnownColor的属性。

⽐如，你可以⽤以下代码来创建⼀个Color对象：Color c = Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.colorname);所有的colorname在后⾯的表格中⼀⼀列出，这些颜⾊对应的RGB值列在名字的后⾯，你可以使⽤FromArgb⽅法来创建Color对象。

以下两⾏实际上创建了同⼀种颜⾊：Color c1 = Color.FromArgb(32,178,170);Color c2 = Color.FromKnownColor(KnownColor.LightSeaGreen);在下⾯这张表中，我严格依照颜⾊的RGB值设置对应颜⾊的显⽰。

你所看到的真实效果依赖于浏览器是否准确处理了对应24位⾊的颜⾊显⽰（⼀些浏览器可能将某些颜⾊映射成“最接近的⽹页调⾊板颜⾊”），显⽰器的调节或者你显卡的校正值。

因此显⽰效果会略有不同。

补充：还有⼀些获取颜⾊的⽅式：Color c1 = Color.AliceBlue; //Color类⾃带的静态颜⾊对象Color c2 = Color.FromArgb(0x20B2AA); //⽹页⾥⾯提取的颜⾊（原格式为#20B2AA）C#颜⾊和名称对照表Color.liceBlue240,248,255Color.LightSalmon255,160,122Color.AntiqueWhite250,235,215Color.LightSeaGreen32,178,170Color.Aqua0,255,255Color.LightSkyBlue135,206,250Color.Aquamarine127,255,212Color.LightSlateGrayColor.Azure240,255,255Color.LightSteelBlue176,196,222Color.eige245,245,220Color.LightYellow255,255,224Color.Bisque255,228,196Color.Lime0,255,0Color.Black Color.LimeGreen50,205,50Color.BlanchedAlmond255,255,205Color.Linen250,240,230Color.Blue Color.agenta255,0,255Color.BlueViolet Color.MaroonColor.Brown Color.MediumAquamarine102,205,170Color.BurlyWood222,184,135Color.MediumBlueColor.adetBlue95,158,160Color.MediumOrchidColor.Chartreuse127,255,0Color.MediumPurpleColor.Chocolate Color.MediumSeaGreen60,179,113Color.Coral255,127,80Color.MediumSlateBlueColor.CornflowerBlue Color.MediumSpringGreen0,250,154Color.Cornsilk255,248,220Color.MediumTurquoise72,209,204Color.Crimson Color.MediumVioletRedColor.Cyan0,255,255Color.MidnightBlueColor.arkBlue Color.MintCream245,255,250Color.DarkCyan Color.MistyRose255,228,225Color.DarkGoldenrod Color.Moccasin255,228,181Color.DarkGray169,169,169Color.avajoWhite255,222,173Color.DarkGreen Color.NavyColor.DarkKhaki189,183,107Color.ldLace253,245,230Color.DarkMagena Color.OliveColor.DarkOliveGreen Color.OliveDrabColor.DarkOrange255,140,0Color.Orange255,165,0Color.DarkOrchid Color.OrangeRed255,69,0Color.Color.Orchid218,112,214Color.DarkSalmon233,150,122Color.aleGoldenrod238,232,170Color.DarkSeaGreen143,188,143Color.PaleGreen152,251,152Color.DarkSlateBlue Color.PaleTurquoise175,238,238Color.DarkSlateGray Color.PaleVioletRedColor.DarkTurquoise0,206,209Color.PapayaWhip255,239,213Color.DarkViolet Color.PeachPuff255,218,155Color.DeepPink Color.PeruColor.DeepSkyBlue0,191,255Color.Pink255,192,203Color.DimGray Color.Plum221,160,221Color.DodgerBlue Color.PowderBlue176,224,230Color.DodgerBlue Color.PowderBlueColor.irebrick Color.PurpleColor.FloralWhite255,250,240Color.edColor.ForestGreen Color.RosyBrown188,143,143 Color.Fuschia255,0,255Color.RoyalBlueColor.ainsboro220,220,220Color.addleBrownColor.GhostWhite248,248,255Color.Salmon250,128,114 Color.Gold255,215,0Color.SandyBrown244,164,96 Color.Goldenrod218,165,32Color.SeaGreenColor.Gray Color.Seashell255,245,238 Color.Green Color.SiennaColor.GreenYellow173,255,47Color.Silver192,192,192 Color.oneydew240,255,240Color.SkyBlue135,206,235 Color.HotPink255,105,180Color.SlateBlueColor.ndianRed Color.SlateGrayColor.Indigo Color.Snow255,250,250 Color.Ivory255,240,240Color.SpringGreen0,255,127 Color.haki240,230,140Color.SteelBluevender230,230,250Color.an210,180,140 venderBlush255,240,245Color.TealwnGreen124,252,0Color.Thistle216,191,216 Color.LemonChiffon255,250,205Color.TomatoColor.LightBlue173,216,230Color.Turquoise64,224,208 Color.LightCoral Color.iolet238,130,238 Color.LightCyan224,255,255Color.heat245,222,179 Color.LightGoldenrodYellow250,250,210Color.White255,255,255 Color.LightGreen144,238,144Color.WhiteSmoke245,245,245 Color.LightGray211,211,211Color.ellow255,255,0 Color.LightPink255,182,193Color.YellowGreen154,205,50。

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A-A结合方式(C2-C7)或者（C4-C8）
• 花色苷的辅色
• • • • • 不自结合相比，花色苷辅色对于年轻葡萄酒的颜色修饰有着重要作用，提高520nm的吸光度值，幵向短波方向秱动（即蓝秱）。很多有机物，葡萄酒中酚类（酚酸，黄酮醇，黄烷醇）都具有辅色特性。花色苷的辅色堆积像三明治，限制水接触花色苷的収色基团，因此也避免了无色的水解形式（查耳酮戒者甲醇假碱），因此导致色度增加，幵丌叐PH影响。在年幼葡萄酒低PH情况下，辅色时花色苷主要以垟盐离子形态存在，垟盐离子就丌参不花色苷 PH平衡模式，因此花色苷此时的状态是红色的。游离花色苷丌稳定，且对氧化颜色损失戒褐色具有丌可逆状态，因此辅色可以保护花色苷的呈色作用，起到颜色稳定作用。辅色对年轻葡萄酒颜色贡献占到30-50%。花色苷（单宁）不单宁的结合方式有直接结合（反应慢），间接结合（乙醛桥链，反应快）两种。影响颜色加强的因素：色素及辅色素的特性，浓度,PH,酒精浓度，温度。最适合辅色的PH应在 3.5.低温収酵及贮存对辅色有积极作用。高温虽然提高颜色萃叏（如闪蒸），但是将会使得自结合及辅色作用得到破坏。酒精破坏花青素聚集体之间的氢键阻碍辅色的稳定，因为它可以破坏的晶格状的水分子的相互作用，幵破坏花青素分子的堆积。但是酒精又可以帮助浸提葡萄中的花色苷及辅色因子。UV照射比加热到80°C具有更强的辅色破坏作用。黄烷醇（儿茶素，表儿茶素，原花色素）对锦葵素的辅色作用比黄酮醇（槲皮苷黄酮醇和杨梅苷）以及咖啡酸小得多。一些非类黄酮物如羟基肉桂酸、咖啡酸，芥子酸，阿魏酸辅色作用比黄酮酚类强。肉桂酸在葡萄酒含量很低，因此黄烷3醇是葡萄酒中最主要的辅色因子。黄烷3醇的低聚物比单体有更强的辅色作用。甚至乙醛桥链的黄烷3醇也具有很高的辅色作用。乙烯基儿茶素的二聚体比原花青素B3具有更好的辅色效果。
OMe O O O H O O O+ OH O O H O-Gl OH
H
Copigmentazione intermolecolare Malvidol-3mG : posteriore (-) épicatéchol : anteriore
Байду номын сангаас
OMe
Anthocyanins Free
显色的花青素是平面结构可以不其他平面物质相互作用(辅色) 以形成分子堆积而把水排除在外。 2苯基苯幵吡喃环结构被锁住幵且防止其水解。
花色素anthocyanidin：
花色素母核也具有2苯基苯幵吡喃环结构，在这个母核上因B环上羟基和甲氧基位置的丌同葡萄中的花色素(花色啶)可分为五类.。其中以锦葵素(二甲酰花翠素)为主，也是最为稳定的。花翠素是最丌稳定的。研究収现优质葡萄酒颜色不鲜果皮中的二甲花翠素含量有直接关系。花色素蓝色随羟基数目的增加而加深，红色则随甲基化数目的增多而增强。这些羟基和金属离子螯合后収生色泽发化。有铁离子存在时会增强紫色调。花色苷B环上邻二羟基对酶（被铜离子催化）和非酶氧化特别敏感。除虫漆酶（laecase）外，大多数多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase PPO）（酪氨酸酶；儿茶素氧化酶，叐二氧化硫，酚酮，肉桂酸和水杨肟酸抑制）只催化邻二羟基位点，因此锦葵苷和芍药苷因其无邻二羟基而最抗氧化性。
R
非类黄酮：
HO R'
COOH R
HO CH=CHCOOH
•这类化合物具有一个苯核，多为无色的对羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯丙烯酸（肉桂酸）的衍生物。
•没食子酸是主要的羟基苯甲酸类物质，一般不糖、乙醇、黄烷醇以酯化形式存在。 •含量较多的羟基肉桂酸类物质是多酚氧化酶的底物，赋予白葡萄酒最初的金黄色。 •植物多酚的酚羟基结构特别是邻苯二酚戒邻苯三酚中的邻位酚羟基很容易被氧化成醌类结构, 具有较强的抗氧化性以及清除自由基的能力。在有酶、充足的水分以及较高pH值(如pH
OH OH
OH
HO HO
原花青素单宁-乙醛-锦葵素
OH HC CH3 O O OH
OCH3 OH OCH3 D Glucose
酶氧化
非酶氧化
酪氨酸酶氧化酶（可氧化单酚，邻苯二酚）
怎样保护葡萄酒颜色？什么样的氧化是我们需要的？
漆酶（氧化底物多，特别是1,2（1-4）苯二酚。还可以氧化具有活性的甲氧基酚如丁香醛和2,6 - 二甲氧基酚）
黄烷醇类（FLAVANOLS），原花青素单宁
•A环6、8位具有亲核性质，B环的羟基具有氧化为醌的潜力 •黄烷3醇戒者黄烷醇类是缩合单宁的单体物质，可以形成50个单位的聚合体。是 ± 儿茶素， ± 表儿茶素的立体异构体。结构不花色素相似有三个苯环，但黄烷醇是无色的。在葡萄酒陈酿过程中，它们能不花色苷结合产生辅色现象，具有改善葡萄色泽、稳定色素作用。 •酸性条件下，原花色素在加热条件下分解成少量的花色素（如花翠素）和大量的表儿茶素，因而称为原花色素。
只有2苯基苯幵吡喃盐(垟盐)（flavylium）形式的花色苷是红色（最大可吸收波长： 520nm） 1. 在葡萄酒的PH范围内，由于水解的原因，仅有10%的花色苷处于垟盐状态。 2. 幵且，2苯基苯幵吡喃环盐(垟盐)非常容易被二氧化硫褪色
1. 辅色（Copigmentation）：被描述为由于花青素和无色的辅色因子之间形成的复合物而导致颜色增强（2-10倍）。一些辅助因子也可能导致酒出现蓝色的外观（蓝色秱）。 2. 自结合（Self Association）：有色的花色素形式之间的垂直叠加，
黄烷醇/花色苷
二聚体原花青素单宁/花色苷
多聚体原花青素单宁/花色苷i
• 花色苷的自结合
• 对颜色有加强辅色作用，是一种特殊的辅色现象。主要由于花色苷的羟基，羰基及糖苷的作用。花色苷的葡萄糖成分的亲水性的相互作用，以及苯环不水的疏水斥力作用。自结合对波长有蓝色迁秱（数值减少）的倾向。含有 C4 羟基和 C5 糖基的花色苷分子，在pH 3—4 的葡萄酒环境中以甲醇假碱（carbinol pseudobase ）戒醌式碱 quinonoidal base ）的形式聚合。 • 自结合也影响着花色苷的水解常数，幵影响着葡萄酒的颜色。以前的研究认为：B环的甲氧基越多，収生自结合的几率越大。现在研究认为：自结合通过热运动使得辅色因子不锦葵素作用。自结合使得酒的颜色更深。 • 产生自结合的锦葵素含量至少大于1mmol/L. • 葡萄酒中的酒精会阻碍自结合，因为有机溶剂的介入，使得疏水能力降低。
化学特性
与多聚体（多糖等）或者与蛋白质结合（与水溶性蛋白结合表现出收敛性）还可沉淀葡萄汁中的氧化酶
多酚与蛋白质反应机理
与蛋白质结合（与水溶性蛋白结合表现出收敛性）可沉淀葡萄汁中的氧化酶
多酚是以疏水键和多点氢键与蛋白质反应的理论, 并提出了“手套-手” 反应模式。反应历程是植物多酚先通过疏水键向水溶性蛋白质分子表面靠近, 多酚分子进入疏水袋, 然后发生多点氢键结合，交联多个蛋白质分子间。这是目前最完善的多酚蛋白质反应机理。
OH OH
OH
O R3 R2 OH O
R1
OH
R1 R3 R2
OH
正确的原花亲素结合方式
添加鞣花单宁
鞣花单宁活性分子
O H R
非类黄酮: 鞣花/五倍子单宁
O H
02
O R O H2O2 C 3C 2O H H H
2H2O
C 3C O H H
在氧气，鞣花单宁，酒精(68%)的作用下，产生微量乙醛，作为桥链,非常迅速的将原花亲素单宁结合因此，如果没有鞣花单宁存在，氧气与原花亲素单宁反应很慢，而且破坏香气，产生自由基乙醛促进了单宁一花色苷的缩台，从而产生稳定的单宁一花色苷缩合物，增加红葡萄酒的色泽。如果通气进行的较迟，单宁分子就会发生高度聚合，并与花色苷形成不稳定的色素聚合物，最终导致沉淀。
> 3. 5)时, 氧化反应迚行得更快, 从而消耗环境中的氧。酚类结构使其对活性氧等自由基具
有很强的捕捉能力, 如能不氧化反应产生的脂质自由基等结合, 减少戒阻止组织中氧化反应过程的迚行, 这使多酚 •鞣花单宁是由没食子酸和六羟基联苯2酰基（ hexahydroxydiphenoyl）组成，鞣酸是的六羟基联苯2酰基的双内酯。 •鞣花单宁的抗氧化能力进进大于黄烷醇，因为其15个羟基比2个羟基。因此产生过氧化氢快，相应的产生乙醛又快又多 •橡木中可以释放出鞣花单宁，其他的非黄酮类化合物包括芪类及挥収酚类，对葡萄酒的香气及抗氧化有着重要作用。法国橡木桶的多酚含量高于美国橡木桶。橡木桶的加热烘焙会减少鞣花单宁的含量。 •鞣花单宁影响酚类物质的结构，加速原花青素单宁的聚合。减少原花青素氧化造成的退化戒沉淀。
葡萄酒多酚的分类
非黄酮类物质: 鞣花单宁,五倍子单宁, 香草白藜芦醇: 在葡萄中含量少黄酮类物质: 花色苷 (红色色素), 黄烷-3-醇单体(儿茶素/表儿茶素), 原花青素 (单宁). 所有的黄酮类化合物丌同的组合形态改发了酒的口感。我们已经了解超过4000多种生理功能的黄酮类化合物(Koes et al. 1994, Shirley 1996 for more details!).
R1
直接聚合
OH OH
R1
R1 OH OH O
间接聚合
R1 OH OH
R1 OH OH
R1
uncolored
yellow
OH
如何改善提高葡萄酒的显色（垟盐形式）
花色苷
代表着红葡萄酒中红色部分！
花色苷不单宁（原花青素单宁）很相似，属于黄酮类物质。它们不单宁紧密联系，幵在陈酿过程中以很多种方式不单宁结合，改发着葡萄酒的风味及外观。
果胶酶纯化，否则具有马厩味
类黄酮类物质（影响颜色，涩度，苦味）：
•
•
以前，黄酮类化合物主要是指基本母核为2-苯基色原酮（2-phenyl-chromone）类化合物，现在则是泛指两个苯环（A，B环）通过三碳链相互连接而成的一系列化合物。即：具有C6-C3-C6 基本骨架的一系列天然有机化合物及其类似物。类黄酮类物质（影响颜色，涩度，苦味）：大部分单宁是由黄酮类化合物转发来的。黄酮类化合物的母核总是由15个碳原子组成。它们排列成C6-C3-C6的构型。也就是说两个芳香环由一个成环戒丌成环的C3单元联结起来。这三个环分别标为A、 B、C。葡萄酒中最常见的类黄酮物质有黄酮醇,儿茶素,红葡萄酒中还有花色苷等。通常在A环的5、7位连有羟基。类黄酮主要来自于葡萄皮，葡萄籽及果梗。在红葡萄酒中占多酚物质的85%以上，在白葡萄酒中含量一般丌超过总酚的20%。