The Art of Chinese Classic Gardens中国古典园林艺术
《中国古典园林史》 英文名
《中国古典园林史》英文名The History of Classical Chinese GardensThe essence of Chinese culture is deeply rooted in the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. This profound connection is beautifully manifested in the timeless art of classical Chinese gardens, which have captivated and inspired people for centuries. These enchanting landscapes seamlessly blend architecture, horticulture, and philosophy, creating a serene and contemplative oasis that reflects the Chinese pursuit of balance and harmony.The origins of classical Chinese gardens can be traced back to the ancient dynasties, where the ruling elite sought to create private retreats that embodied the principles of Taoism and Confucianism. These early gardens were not merely ornamental spaces but rather metaphorical representations of the cosmos, with each element carefully selected and arranged to evoke a sense of spiritual and philosophical contemplation.One of the earliest and most influential examples of classical Chinese gardens is the Lingering Garden, located in the historic city of Suzhou. Constructed during the Ming Dynasty, this exquisite gardenis renowned for its intricate rockeries, meandering pathways, and meticulously curated plant life. The Lingering Garden's design is a masterful blend of natural and man-made elements, with each feature carefully positioned to create a harmonious and visually captivating landscape.Another iconic example of classical Chinese gardens is the Summer Palace in Beijing, which was originally built in the 18th century as a retreat for the Qing Dynasty emperors. The Summer Palace's expansive grounds feature a breathtaking array of pavilions, lakes, and gardens, all of which are seamlessly integrated to create a sense of tranquility and escape from the bustling city. The garden's centerpiece, the Kunming Lake, is a stunning body of water that reflects the surrounding architecture and serves as a serene backdrop for the intricate pathways and lush vegetation.Beyond the grand imperial gardens, the art of classical Chinese gardening also found expression in the private retreats of scholars and literati. These smaller-scale gardens, often found in the homes of the educated elite, were designed to provide a space for contemplation, poetry, and the appreciation of nature. The Scholar's Garden in Suzhou, for instance, is a testament to the refined and introspective nature of these private oases, with its carefully curated rockeries, pavilions, and calligraphic inscriptions.The design principles that govern classical Chinese gardens are rooted in the philosophical and aesthetic traditions of the East. The concept of "tian ren he yi," or the unity of heaven and humanity, is a central tenet that guides the placement and arrangement of elements within these gardens. The careful balance of yin and yang, the integration of water and stone, and the strategic use of framing and sightlines all contribute to the creation of a harmonious and visually captivating landscape.Furthermore, the art of classical Chinese gardening is deeply influenced by the principles of Taoism, which emphasize the importance of natural harmony and the pursuit of a harmonious coexistence between humanity and the natural world. This philosophy is reflected in the gardens' emphasis on the organic flow of pathways, the integration of natural elements such as rocks and water, and the careful curation of plant life to create a sense of timelessness and tranquility.The legacy of classical Chinese gardens continues to captivate and inspire people around the world. These enchanting landscapes have not only served as havens of contemplation and relaxation but also as repositories of cultural and historical significance. As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation, the enduring wisdom and beauty of classical Chinese gardens offer a timeless model for the harmoniousintegration of nature and human endeavor.In conclusion, the history of classical Chinese gardens is a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit to create spaces that transcend the boundaries of the physical world and connect us to the deeper truths of our existence. From the grand imperial retreats to the intimate scholar's gardens, these enchanting landscapes continue to captivate and inspire, reminding us of the profound beauty that emerges when humanity and nature are in perfect harmony.。
中国古典园林史(双语)-推荐下载
中国古典园林史摘要前言Preface中国是一个有着五千年悠久历史的文明古国,钟灵毓秀的大地山川,积淀深厚的历史文化,孕育出中国古典园林这样一个源远流长/博大精深的园林体系.中国园林是中华民族优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,它以丰富多彩的内容和高超的艺术水平在世界造园艺术中独树一帜,其独特的文化精神内涵和辉煌的艺术成就为世界所瞩目.China has an ancient civilization with a five-thousand-year history. On this vast and rich land, many outstanding talents emerged and a splendid culture was born, nurturing a time-honored, profound and extensive system of the classical gardens. As an important component of the fine Chinese traditional cultures, the classical gardens secured a unique position in the world’s gardening art with its rich content and appealing artistic charm. The unique cultural and spiritual sense and magnificent artistic achievements of the gardens have gained the classical gardens worldwide attention.中国园林的生Beginnings of the Chinese Gardens商周秦汉是中国古典园林从萌芽/产生而逐渐成长的时期,历经千余年.在此时期,造园活动虽然规模较大,但演进变化较为缓慢,中国园林处于发展的初期阶段.During the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han period, the classical Chinese gardens surfaced, came into being and gradually developed. In this millennium, gardens were contructed on a large scale, but their style has evolved relatively slowly, given that, this period is considered as the early stage of the classical gardens.天地山川园林寻踪“囿”、“圃”、“台”是中国园林的原始形态。
中国园林文化中英文介绍
Ancient Chinese Tradition and Civilization--Take the Chinese Private Garden for Example Carl 140167 China is a large country with a long history of civilization. The Chinese nation is an industrious and ingenious nation. China has always relied on its own efforts to handle its own affairs . Various historical periods have witnessed that great achievements have been contributed to the world ranging from literary and ideological to scientific, technological, political and military aspects. China's history of civilization itself is the history of wonder.中国是有着悠久文明历史的大国，中华民族是勤劳智慧的民族，中国历来依靠自己的力量办自己的事情。
各个历史时期见证了伟大成就对世界的贡献，从文学思想到科学，技术，政治和军事方面。
中国文明的历史本身就是奇迹的历史。
As a part of ancient Chinese traditional culture,Chinese landscape architecture culture has created great influence on the world gardening culture.The garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers,structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings. In comparison to ordinary structures, the spiritual character of gardens is more outstanding, and it requires that artists have greater and higher ingenuity and imagination.作为中国古代传统文化的一部分，中国园林文化对世界园艺文化的影响很大。
论中国古典园林艺术的意境美
论中国古典园林艺术的意境美论中国古典园林艺术的意境美中文摘要中国古典园林作为中国古典文化的一部分，集艺术、文学、哲学等多学科于一体，具有极高的文化价值。
“以诗情画意写入园林”是中国造园艺术的特色。
而园林中意境的营造，更使得这种艺术发挥至极致，它区别于绘画、诗词等需要借助于线条、语言等无形意境的创造，而是在有限定范围内通过特殊手法来表达出创作者的思想、意蕴，使景传递出情，情与景交融，由此形成情绝风雅，神韵独高，蕴含哲理，耐人寻味的园林境界，进而体现出博大的中华文化及其精髓。
现代景观设计的重要目标之一是实现人类生活环境与自然环境的和谐共生，主张人工景观和自然景观密切结合的观点与中国古典园林不谋而合，因此分析中国古典园林意境对现代景观的发展尤为重要。
本文分析中国古典园林意境文化内涵，提出要点，并结合现代景观设计实例分析其营造手法在现代景观设计的传承与创新。
明确现代景观实际事例应当以传统文化的蕴含为重，用现代人的审美意识去剖析中国古典园林意境丰富的内涵，使之能够对现代景观设计的思想和实践起到借鉴和指导作用，为中国现代景观设计寻找一条切实可行的途径。
关键词：中国古典园林意境美景观设计传承与创新ABSTRACTAs a part of Chinese classical culture, Chinese classical garden is a subject in integration of art, literature and philosophy, and has a high cultural value.. "To write a quality suggestive of poetry or painting gardening art garden" is Chinese characteristics. And the creation of the artistic conception in the garden, but also makes the art of play to the extreme, it is different in painting, poetry and other need with the aid of in lines, language, and other intangible artistic creation, but in limited range through a special way to express the creator of ideas, meaning to make the scene conveys emotion, feeling and scene blending, thus forming the vast artistic, verve alone high, contain philosophy, intriguing Garden State, which reflects the breadth of Chinese culture and essence. One of the important goals of modern landscape design is to realize human living environment and the natural environment of harmony, advocate artificial landscape and natural landscape is closely combined with point of view and the Chinese classical gardens coincide. Therefore, the analysis of the artistic conception of Chinese classical gardens to modern landscape development is particularly important.This paper analyzes the connotation of artistic conception culture in Chinese classical gardens, and puts forward the main points, and combines with modern landscape design case to analyze its creation techniques in the modern landscape design heritage and innovation. Clear practical examples of modern landscape should be in traditional culture contains, with modern people's aesthetic consciousness to analyze the artistic conception of Chinese classical garden rich connotation, which can provide reference and guidance role in the modern landscape design idea and practice, find a feasible way for the Chinese modern landscape design.1.意境之说意境是中国古典美学的一个重要范畴，其发展大体上经历了从哲学——文学——绘画——园林的过程。
中国园林文化英文介绍
中国园林文化英文介绍Chinese Classical GardeningChinese gardening is a landscape garden style which has evolved over 3,000 years. It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the Imperial Family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets, former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world.The garden plays an important part in Chinese art and literature, and at the same time art and literature have inspired many gardens. The school of painting called "Shanshui", established the principles of Chinese landscape painting, which were very similar to those of Chinese gardening. In literature, gardens were frequently the subject of the genre of poetry called "Tianyuan". The social and cultural importance of the garden is illustrated in the classical novel Dream of the Red Mansion by Cao Xueqin which unfolds呈现almost exclusively in a garden.The unique character of Chinese gardens has its roots in Chinese philosophy. Taoism had a strong influence on the classical garden. Chinese classical gardens are a perfect integration of nature and work by man. They are an imitation of nature, and fully manifest the beauty of nature.In recent years，with the deepening of western landscape culture influence, Chinese Classical Gardening culture is impacted. It is of vital significance to improve cultural awareness and cultural confidence, carrying forward and promote Chinese Classical Gardening culture unswervingly [,ʌn'swə:viŋli]. We should draw the best and remove the worst, keep exploring and innovating on the basis of protecting national characteristics. Chinese Classical GardeningChinese gardening is a landscape garden style which has evolved over 3,000 years. It includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese emperors and members of the Imperial Family, built for pleasure and to impress, and the more intimate gardens created by scholars, poets,former government officials, soldiers and merchants, made for reflection and escape from the outside world.The garden plays an important part in Chinese art and literature, and at the same time art and literature have inspired many gardens. The school of painting called "Shanshui", established the principles of Chinese landscape painting, which were very similar to those of Chinese gardening. In literature, gardens were frequently the subject of the genre of poetry called "Tianyuan". The social and cultural importance of the garden is illustrated in the classical novel Dream of the Red Mansion by Cao Xueqin which unfolds呈现almost exclusively in a garden.The unique character of Chinese gardens has its roots in Chinese philosophy. Taoism had a strong influence on the classical garden. Chinese classical gardens are a perfect integration of nature and work by man. They are an imitation of nature, and fully manifest the beauty of nature.In recent years，with the deepening of western landscape culture influence, Chinese Classical Gardening culture is impacted. It is of vital significance to improve cultural awareness and cultural confidence, carrying forward and promote Chinese Classical Gardening culture unswervingly [,ʌn'swə:viŋli]. We should draw the best and remove the worst, keep exploring and innovating on the basis of protecting national characteristics.。
中外各式园林中英文对照
中外各式园林中英文对照中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林AngloChinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫WeiYang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
4 Tour Guide tourist attractions 英语版导游学
ⅠFeatures
4. Hierarchical Commoner Imperial Religious
4. Hierarchical
1) Terrace 2) Size and bays 3) Bracket system 4) Roofs 5) Paintings 6) Ornaments
Size and bays
The number of bays is odd. (why?) One bay was laid out on the middle axis. The more bays a building had, the higher rank the occupant enjoyed. Maximum number is ______.
Part 4 Tourist Attractions
Part 4 Tourist Attractions
Unit 1 Ancient Chinese Architecture Unit 2 The Art of Classical Chinese Gardens Unit 3 Festival Celebrations in China Unit 4 Miscellaneous
The more layers the bracket system had, the higher rank it represented.
Roofs
Which one is the highest grade?
1 Features
5.paintings and carvings The specialty of wood requires antisepsis methods to be adopted, thus develops into Chinese own architectural painting decoration. the paintings also corresponded to the rank of the building. 3 categories in Qing Dynasty:
中国的园林的英语作文高中
中国的园林的英语作文高中Chinese classical gardens, also known as traditional Chinese gardens, are a unique and cherished aspect of Chinese culture. These gardens, characterized by their harmonious blend of nature, architecture, and artistry, have a rich history dating back thousands of years. Exploring the essence of Chinese gardens not only unveils their beauty but also reveals insights into Chinese philosophy, aesthetics, and cultural values.First and foremost, Chinese classical gardens serve as a manifestation of the Taoist and Confucian principles that emphasize harmony between humanity and nature. Unlike Western gardens that often impose strict geometric designs, Chinese gardens aim to mimic natural landscapes, incorporating elements such as rocks, water features, and lush vegetation. Through careful arrangement, these gardens create a tranquil environment where visitors can escape the hustle and bustle of urban life and reconnect with the serenity of nature.Furthermore, Chinese gardens are imbued with profound symbolism and cultural significance. Every element within the garden, from the arrangement of rocks to the selection of plant species, is laden with meaning. For example, rocks are not merely decorative objects but are chosen for their resemblance to mountains, symbolizing strength, longevity, and stability. Similarly, water features such as ponds and streams represent the flow of life and the passage of time, while bridges and pavilions symbolize the journey of self-discovery and enlightenment.Moreover, Chinese gardens serve as a reflection of Chinese aesthetics, particularly the concept of "borrowed scenery" or "shanshui." Rather than existing in isolation, Chinese gardens are designed to harmonize with the surrounding landscape, seamlessly integrating with the natural environment to create a sense of continuity and expansiveness. This artistic principle not only enhances the beauty of the garden but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of all things.In addition to their aesthetic and philosophical significance, Chinese gardens also play a practical role in Chinese society. Historically, these gardens served as retreats for scholars, poets, and artists seeking inspiration and solitude. They provided a space for contemplation, artistic expression, and intellectual discourse, making them important centers of cultural exchange and innovation.Furthermore, Chinese gardens are an embodiment of the Confucian virtue of filial piety and respect for ancestors. Many Chinese gardens feature ancestral halls or pavilions dedicated to the memory of past generations, where families gather to pay their respects and honor their heritage. These spaces serve as a reminder of the importance of family, tradition, and continuity in Chinese society.In conclusion, Chinese classical gardens are not merely works of art but living embodiments of Chinese culture, philosophy, and values. Through their harmoniousintegration of nature and architecture, profound symbolism, and cultural significance, these gardens offer a glimpseinto the rich tapestry of Chinese civilization. As treasures of the past and inspirations for the future, Chinese gardens continue to enchant and captivate visitors from around the world, serving as timeless symbols of beauty, harmony, and wisdom.。
中国传统文化 中国园林介绍-高考英语作文突破
That’s all about my speech, thanks for your listening.
连句成篇，检查定稿
My Favorite Chinese Classical Garden Good morning boys and girls,
My name is Li Hua, coming from Class 10 Senior 3. It’s my great honor to make/deliver a speech here and today my topic is “My Favorite Chinese Classical Garden”.
That’s all about my speech, thanks forwe know, there are many kinds of architectures at home and abroad, but my favorite is the Chinese classical gardens. It’s not only because of their charming design in shape, but also due to its unique design concept—the idea of nature-human integration.
Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. Therefore, that’s the reason I like it most.
文化素材中国园林 Chinese Classical Garden-文档资料
Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.”Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。
Chinese garden culture中国园林文化
divided into four step:
Begin in the Shang Dynasty. 起始于殷商
Awakening in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. 觉醒于魏晋
Mature in the Tang and Song Dynasties. 成熟于唐宋
Flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 兴盛于明清
Shang Dynasty Rising Period生成期：商囿
The ancients were grateful to the nature and fear,so they chose the space with a beautiful view to sacrifice.
古人对自然既感激又恐惧，选择风光优美的地方进 行祭祀。
中国园林艺术有数 千年的历史，有其 独特的魅力。
Please don`t ignore the beauty around you,
Maybe here is the other country people yearn for. 不要忽视自己身边的美景，
这里也是别人的心之向往！
皇家园林：更加雄伟壮观。
Private Gardens appear Pubilc gardens
私人园林：出现公共园林。
The Art of Chinese Classic Gardens中国古典园林艺术
I. The History of Chinese Classic Gardens
Gardening in China began during the Shang and
Zhou dynasties as a royal pastime as rulers built
parks for their own use. Gardening became
3. Configuration of plant
Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden Spot with touring the theme of water lilies.
4. Animal joy of life
Lan PavilTiohne mGeaensdeaPrionodl uinckZhfeeejidasntghperfoisvhinicne the Humble Administrator's Garden.
Private Gardens
Temple Gardens
Scenic spots and historical sites.
III. The Main Construction of Chinese Classic Gardens :
1. Creation of landscape
Asking-theFountain Pavilion at the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty. The low, zigzagging bridge adds character to the scene while mRaokcinkgertyheanwdaZtiegrzag bridge in the Lingering Garden seem deeper.
关于“拙政园”的英文短文介绍(3篇)
关于“拙政园”的英文短文介绍（3篇）拙政园，是中国最著名的古典园林之一，被誉为“中国四大名园”之首。
其历史悠久，至今已有近六百年的历史。
拙政园以其独特的园林艺术，精湛的建筑技艺，丰富的文化内涵，被誉为“中国园林的瑰宝”。
下面我们就用简短的英文短文来介绍一下这个美丽的江南水乡园林，让更多人知道这个地方吧！短文介绍1：Humble Administrator's Garden,located in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,China,is one of the famous classical gardens in China and an important component of the World Cultural Heritage.The garden integrates various elements such as mountains and rivers,gardens,architecture,and culture,showcasing the unique charm of traditional Chinese culture.The design of Humble Administrator's Garden is exquisite,with mountains and rivers as the theme,architecture as the auxiliary,and culture as the soul.Through the use of various artistic techniques,it creates a garden landscape that combines natural beauty with cultural charm.There are various buildings and scenic spots in the park,such as rockeries,ponds,pavilions,small bridges,and flowing water.Every corner exudes a strong cultural atmosphere.At the Humble Administrator's Garden,tourists can experience theessence of traditional Chinese gardens and appreciate the breadth and depth of Chinese culture.Whether strolling along winding paths or leaning against antique pavilions,one can enjoy beautiful natural scenery and a rich cultural atmosphere.This is a place where people can find peace of mind and feel the charm of traditional Chinese culture.In short,the Humble Administrator's Garden is a garden that combines natural beauty,cultural charm,and artistic elegance,and is an outstanding representative of traditional Chinese culture.Whether you are a garden enthusiast or a tourist interested in Chinese culture,you should not miss such a beautiful place.短文介绍1中文翻译：拙政园，位于中国江苏省苏州市，是中国著名的古典园林之一，也是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分。
中国古典园林全面介绍 中西对比 英文 Chinese Classical Garden
Imperial Gardens(皇家园林） Private Gardens (私家园林)
Landscape Gardens (风景名胜园林) Temple Gardens(寺庙园林)
Chinese classical garden
◆ Imperial Gardens
Owned by ancient Chinese emperors .
●
Chinese classical garden
■ Rising period
(生成期)
Qin and Han Dynasties ———— "Yuan" (苑)
villas(别所) where the emperors can have a rest and deal with the affairs of the state. ● imperial park
wealth
chrysanthemum
splendor
plum blossoms
strength of will
willow（柳树） peach ……
the Elements & Design
■ Architecture
Chinese classical garden
Window
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ vista line(夹景) It’s a distant view between rows of trees or buildings which is seen through a line.
Chinese classical garden
屋面上的中国建筑艺术——唯美的中国古典园林
2018年第12期墙材网2018.12屋面上的中国建筑艺术——唯美的中国古典园林古典园林，是指中国以江南古典园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式，是中国传统建筑在世界园林发展史上独树一帜有重大成就体现，是全人类宝贵的历史文化遗产。
中国古典园林艺术是人类文明的重要遗产，被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术奇观，造园手法已被西方国家推崇和模仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。
中国的造园艺术，以追求自然境界，“虽由人作，宛自天开”为最终和最高目的的审美旨趣。
中国古典园林的唯美是每个人都认可的，它曾经点睛般地灵化了整个中国古建筑体系，而且正在不断深刻影响着现代建筑寻求完美和生态意境的方式。
然而持久引以为荣的古典园林过分孤芳自赏，从宅到城，一个多层次的天人合一系统却被埋没。
在诗画意境里沉醉久了，迷失了精髓、方向，丧失了活力，甚至鲜花变成了鸦片，池水形成了腐沟。
近年来现代建筑设计亦趋之若鹜，难逃附庸风雅的嫌疑。
亭台乱栽，池潭遍布，全然不顾现实的自然条件、人文环境、经济状况是否相宜。
中国古园林妙就妙在只是半类型，多附于各类建筑，与另一半主要功能区合二为一，系统砖瓦纵横Fabulous Chinese tile roofs——Aesthetic Chinese classical gardens172018年第12期墙材网2018.12优化。
其半为园，独树一帜，生机盎然。
建筑有两种各有侧重的功能区，园是自然性较强的一半。
在古代世界，中国古建筑最充分体现这两半合一的生活模式。
苏州中小型园多位于住宅的东或西侧，“皆环绕着书房或客厅布置”。
大型的多位于后，而且结合颇好。
其中的精神享受也是生活情趣。
不一定逢屋必有园，然而作为类型却普遍与园结合，虽然古典园林的唯美主义大肆强调游憩、观赏、艺术，实质上即使园大于宅或独立者，其本质不同于诗画。
既是家人闲暇自娱之处，也供社会交往和宗教之需，另一作用则象征着生财。
这一点不同于欧洲古典园林，后者未融于所有建筑类型，园林渗入所有建筑类型，加上城内与近郊的自然山水，园林两半合一模式一旦冲出唯美主义的峡谷，与其他各类型子系统交织融合，系统优化，活力倍增，仿如核聚变，启示着类型大综合、多功能变通等新方向。
中国传统园林 英文介绍
IntroductionTraditional Chinese gardens stand as exquisite testaments to the profound cultural heritage and aesthetic sensibilities of China. These meticulously designed landscapes embody a unique fusion of art, nature, and philosophy, transcending mere recreational spaces to become immersive microcosms that reflect the harmony sought in human existence. This essay delves into the multifaceted aspects of these horticultural masterpieces, exploring their historical origins, design principles, symbolic elements, and the profound philosophical underpinnings that render them enduringly captivating.Historical Origins and EvolutionThe roots of Chinese garden design can be traced back over 3000 years to the Shang Dynasty (c.1600-1046 BCE), where enclosed royal hunting parks known as "Yuan" were established. Over time, these evolved into more ornamental gardens during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and reached a zenith during the Tang (618-907 CE), Song (960-1279 CE), Ming (1368-1644 CE), and Qing (1644-1911 CE) Dynasties. Each period contributed distinctive elements, techniques, and styles, reflecting societal changes, artistic trends, and the prevailing philosophical thought of the time.Design Principles: Yin-Yang, Feng Shui, and the Five ElementsAt the core of traditional Chinese garden design lies the harmonious interplay of fundamental Taoist and Confucian principles. Chief among these is the concept of Yin-Yang, which posits the complementary duality of opposing forces in the universe. In the garden context, this translates into the balanced juxtaposition of light and shade, water and rock, movement and stillness, openness and seclusion.Feng Shui, the ancient Chinese practice of geomancy, further guides garden layout, ensuring the flow of auspicious 'Qi' energy. Key considerations include the orientation of buildings, water features, and pathways, as well as the use of strategic barriers or screens to deflect negative energies.The Five Elements theory (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) provides aframework for selecting materials, colors, and plant species, each representing a specific element and its associated attributes. These elements interact and transform, symbolizing the cyclical nature of life and fostering an environment of vitality and balance.Spatial Organization and the Principle of Borrowed SceneryTraditional Chinese gardens are characterized by a highly nuanced spatial organization that encourages exploration and discovery. They often comprise several distinct yet interconnected zones, such as the entrance court, the central lake, the scholar's studio, and the bamboo grove, each with its unique mood and function.A key design technique employed is "Jing Tuo Shanshui," or "borrowed scenery." This involves strategically situating openings, windows, or pavilions to frame external views, integrating distant landscapes into the garden as if they were part of the composition. This not only expands the visual boundaries of the garden but also creates a sense of continuity between the man-made and natural worlds, echoing the Taoist principle of unity between humanity and nature.Symbolic Elements: Water, Rock, Plants, and ArchitectureWater is a vital element in Chinese gardens, symbolizing life, purification, and renewal. It is often featured in various forms – tranquil ponds, meandering streams, cascading waterfalls, or reflective pools – and serves both aesthetic and functional purposes, providing habitats for aquatic life and cooling the surrounding environment.Rockeries, crafted from limestone or granite, represent the immutable strength and endurance of nature. Their shapes, textures, and placements are carefully chosen to evoke mountains, caves, or islands, creating miniature landscapes within the garden. The juxtaposition of rugged rocks and delicate flora underscores the concept of Yin-Yang.Plants play a crucial role in evoking seasonal change, poetic allusions, and moral virtues. Bamboo, for instance, symbolizes resilience and integrity;plum blossoms, perseverance in adversity; and lotus, purity amidst turmoil. Trees, flowers, and herbs are selected for their fragrance, color, and medicinal properties, enriching the sensory experience and fostering a connection with nature.Architecture in Chinese gardens is characterized by elegant simplicity, blending seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. Pavilions, bridges, pagodas, and verandas serve as vantage points, resting spots, or venues for cultural activities. Their designs often incorporate intricate latticework, calligraphy, and paintings, adding layers of meaning and cultural reference.Philosophical Underpinnings: Taoism, Confucianism, and BuddhismThe essence of traditional Chinese gardens lies in their embodiment of profound philosophical and spiritual concepts. Taoism's emphasis on naturalness, spontaneity, and the unity of opposites finds expression in the garden's organic forms, asymmetrical layouts, and the interplay of contrasting elements. The garden becomes a tangible manifestation of the Tao, inviting contemplation and inspiring a return to one's innate harmony with the cosmos.Confucian ideals of order, propriety, and self-cultivation are reflected in the structured spatial arrangements, the integration of scholarly pursuits such as poetry, painting, and calligraphy, and the use of symbolic elements that evoke moral virtues. Gardens often feature the "Scholar's Studio," a serene retreat for intellectual and artistic endeavors, reinforcing the connection between nature and wisdom.Buddhist influences, particularly Zen Buddhism, are evident in the emphasis on meditation, mindfulness, and the appreciation of transience. The garden's carefully choreographed vistas, the soothing sounds of water, and the changing seasonal flora encourage visitors to slow down, reflect, and cultivate inner peace.ConclusionTraditional Chinese gardens are not mere green spaces but living expressions of China's rich cultural heritage, philosophical depth, and artistic genius.Through their masterful integration of natural elements, architectural features, and symbolic motifs, they transcend physical boundaries, offering visitors a transcendent journey through time, space, and the human spirit. These verdant sanctuaries continue to inspire awe and contemplation, serving as timeless reminders of our innate connection to nature and the eternal quest for harmony and enlightenment.(Word Count: 1494)。
英语课堂讨论：中国园林
课堂讨论：中国园林一、原文中国园林[1]中国的园林很有自己的特点。
颐和园、苏州园林以及《红楼梦》中的大观园[2]，都和西方园林不同[3]。
像法国凡尔赛[4]等地的园林，一进去，就是笔直的通道，横平竖直，都是几何形的。
中国园林，进门是个大影壁，绕过去，里面遮遮掩掩，曲曲折折，变化多端，走几步就是一番风景，韵味无穷。
把中国园林跟法国园林作些比较，就可以看出两者的艺术观、美学观是不同的。
在美学思想发展[5]的最初阶段，中国重形象，西方重理性。
比如庄子的文章，善于利用寓言故事，利用艺术形象来表达他的哲学思想，他的思想对后世的文学、绘画等的影响很大。
他影响到陶渊明、苏东坡，还有间接一点的谢灵运等一批文学艺术家对于山水风景等自然界的兴趣[6]。
儒家思想对后人影响最大，时间最长。
而西方美学是从古希腊传下来的，基本上是一个理性主义的传统[7]，注重规则、规律。
方方正正的几何体园林也正是这种传统美学思想的体现。
世界上有两部书对后世的艺术影响很大。
一部是中国的《诗经》[8]，一部是荷马的叙事诗。
《诗经》重情感，重对自然景物的欣赏，重道德；在抒情诗中，写的是情感，而大多表现的是一定的背景、人物、故事。
荷马史诗[9]也影响了雕刻，希腊雕刻就是以人体为主的。
中国的艺术，如人体画方面受到希腊艺术间接的影响，中国的石刻，也受到印度的影响。
但中国有自己的特点。
中国重线条[10]，古代画就用线条来勾画人物。
石刻也是如此，汉石刻，注意线条传神，不像希腊那样立体化[11]。
中国的画同书法、诗结合[12]得尤为密切，中国园林中有集中反映，这对中国艺术与美学思想来说，是不可忽视的。
这是中国所特有的。
（634）二、难点1、1）“园林”在汉语中既可指具体的概念也可指抽象的概念，如“这是一座皇家园林”，“中国的园林很讲究”。
抽象时就是指“园林艺术”，所以英译时加了“art”；2）汉语的“园林”在英语中可能没有完全对应的词语，比较接近的是park (a large area of land preserved in a natural state for recreational use by the public)，有时也可指garden (an area of land usually planted with grass, trees, flowerbeds, etc. adjoining a house; or such an area of land that is open to the public, sometimes part of a park)，本文既然是总称，所以，两个词都用上比较好。
第三版新视野大学英语4课后翻译
中庸思想是儒家思想的重要内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。
中庸思想是儒家思想的核心,也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
从它形成到现在,一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。
The Doctrine of the Mean is the core ofConfucianism. The so-called “mean” by Confuciusdoesn’t mean “compromise” but a “moderate”and “just-right” way when understanding andhandling objective things. Confucius advocatedthat this thought should not only be treated as away to understand and deal with things but alsobe integrated into one’s daily conduct to makeit a virtue through self-cultivation and training.The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core ofConfucianism but also an important componentof traditional Chinese culture. From the time itcame into being to the present, it has played aninvaluable role in the construction of nationalspirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture.中国的四大名著是指《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》四部著名小说。
中国园林建筑艺术英文举例
中国园林建筑艺术英文举例Chinese Garden Architecture: A Masterful Blend of Nature and DesignThe rich cultural heritage of China is reflected in the exquisite art of garden design, which has captivated the world for centuries. Chinese garden architecture is a unique and harmonious synthesis of natural elements and human ingenuity, creating tranquil oases that offer respite from the bustling urban landscapes. These gardens are not merely decorative spaces but rather carefully crafted environments that embody the philosophical and aesthetic principles that have shaped Chinese culture.One of the most renowned examples of Chinese garden architecture is the Summer Palace in Beijing. Also known as Yiheyuan, this expansive garden complex was originally built in the 18th century as a summer retreat for the Qing dynasty emperors. The Summer Palace encompasses a stunning array of pavilions, temples, and bridges that are seamlessly integrated with the natural landscape of lakes, hills, and lush vegetation. The iconic Marble Boat, a two-story structure made of white marble, is a testament to the engineering prowess of the Chinese architects who designed it.Another iconic example of Chinese garden architecture is the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This garden, dating back to the 16th century, is renowned for its intricate layout and the harmonious interplay between its man-made structures and the natural environment. The garden is divided into three main sections, each with its own distinct character and charm. The central lake, surrounded by pavilions and bridges, is a serene focal point, while the winding paths and secluded nooks offer visitors a sense of tranquility and contemplation.The Lion Grove Garden in Suzhou is another masterpiece of Chinese garden design. This 14th-century garden is known for its unique rock formations, which are believed to resemble the manes of lions. The garden's layout is a testament to the Chinese appreciation for the natural world, with the rocks and boulders seamlessly integrated into the overall design. Visitors can explore a labyrinth of pathways, bridges, and pavilions, each offering a new perspective on the garden's enchanting landscape.The classical gardens of Suzhou are not the only examples of Chinese garden architecture that have captured the world's attention. The Lingering Garden in Suzhou, with its intricate waterways and delicate architecture, is another renowned masterpiece. The Humble Administrator's Garden and the Lingering Garden are both part ofthe UNESCO World Heritage Site "Classical Gardens of Suzhou," which recognizes the exceptional cultural and historical significance of these iconic gardens.Beyond the gardens of Suzhou, the classical gardens of Hangzhou also showcase the remarkable artistry of Chinese garden design. The West Lake, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is surrounded by a series of gardens that blend seamlessly with the natural landscape. The Lingyin Temple Garden, for instance, features a stunning array of pagodas, pavilions, and bridges that complement the serene beauty of the surrounding hills and lakes.The art of Chinese garden architecture is not limited to the grand, palatial gardens of the elite. Even the smaller, more intimate gardens of traditional Chinese homes reflect the same principles of harmony, balance, and respect for nature. These private gardens often incorporate miniature landscapes, rock formations, and water features, creating a sense of tranquility and contemplation within the confines of the urban environment.The enduring legacy of Chinese garden architecture can be attributed to the deep-rooted philosophical and cultural traditions that have shaped its development over centuries. The concept of "Tao," or the harmonious integration of the natural and the human, is a fundamental principle that underpins the design of thesegardens. The use of water, rocks, and vegetation is not merely decorative but rather a means of creating a microcosm of the natural world, where visitors can experience the delicate balance between the human and the divine.Moreover, the Chinese garden is often seen as a reflection of the human psyche, with each element of the design representing a particular aspect of the human experience. The winding paths, for instance, symbolize the journey of life, while the secluded nooks and hidden pavilions represent the introspective and contemplative nature of the human mind.The enduring influence of Chinese garden architecture can be seen in the global appreciation for this art form. From the Versailles Gardens in France to the Butchart Gardens in Canada, the principles of Chinese garden design have been widely adopted and adapted to create breathtaking landscapes that capture the essence of the natural world. As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation, the timeless wisdom embodied in Chinese garden architecture offers a profound and inspiring model for sustainable and harmonious living.In conclusion, the art of Chinese garden architecture is a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and deep-rooted cultural traditions of the Chinese people. These gardens are not merely beautiful outdoorspaces but rather living embodiments of the philosophical and aesthetic ideals that have shaped Chinese civilization for millennia. As we continue to explore and appreciate the wonders of these gardens, we are reminded of the enduring power of nature, the importance of balance, and the transformative potential of human creativity.。
Chinese Classical Garden中国园林
• 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建 筑等与自 然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑 艺术的珍宝 • 主干成分 The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.
• precious 宝贵的，珍贵的 矫揉造作的：极其 地 • architecture 建筑 •
• 在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内 涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一 • 在世界三大园林体系中 • of the world’s three major garden systems, • 中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园 史上的渊源之一 • the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins（起源） of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. • hail as 称赞…为
Chinese Classical Garden
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建 筑等与 自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代 建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然， 宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领 略“假自然之景，创山水 真趣”的园林意境。 在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、 内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
• • • • • • •
其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开” …的原则 principle of 其建造原则 the construction principle of the construction standard of standard 标准的，普通的，n 旗子，标准 妙极自然，宛若天开 artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. • ingenious 机灵的，精致的，有独创性的
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2. Referenting coincidentally ,and refinement for moderate and pleasant
3. Using actual situation, and showing a big world in a little building
4. The flowers and trees expressing feelings, harmonious habitat
Qing dynasty. There are still many examples of
Chinese classical gardens in existence today.
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II. Four kinds of Chinese gardens:
Imperial Gardens
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This coArrisdcoernuepothnrwouatgehr zaigwzaingdsoliwke.
graceful waves. Around the corner is a small yard, and rocks by the wall augment the view.
Lingering Garden is one of the great four gardens in China. It was first built in Wanli reign of Ming Dynasty in 1593 as Xu Taishi's private garden. The garden was originally called East Garden , and the middle pond and overlapped yellow stone rockeries on the west of the pond are built at that time. After Xu's death, Liu Su become the owner of the garden. The fourth owner is Sheng Xuanhuai, who named the Garden ‘Lingering', the word has the same pronunciation with ‘Liu' in Chinese, the surname of its former owner.
The Winding Stream Tower in the middle of Lingering Garden. These up right wooden windows in the Flower BohcaCpGfeaTBcrehssaevohaikrirmnenmgesdedtekostepbreselnailHianetnn.uaHtoaHwcapolnotlenaiirawasodltiiltsrghnbeeacsheorroowritqciecmSfatuewkmsaqepiwitoguptmlaeeiooiltlttaxpldenhhecFlelaedeaeceanliegur,rliadersawrwnfyiglrngaydiiaaInttbnbgh,sncdoslrrfotoe.vteaa,mhweannfienetpccsiuathelnt.ierth!neauixnesmrtgdihoLneeeniagnsoFitgcfaghloeotnemrhwsien.begitrnoawtieorn
4.1 Bridge (桥)
4.2 Boat(舫)
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4.3 Tower(塔)
4.4 Wall(墙)
V. The Art Features of Chinese Classic Gardens :
1. Advocating the nature,and indulging in the enjoyment of nature
3. Configuration of plant
Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden Sf water lilies.
4. Animal joy of life
Lan PavilTiohne mGeaensdeaPrionodl uinckZhfeeejidasntghperfoisvhinicne the Humble Administrator's Garden.
1.3 Terrace (台)
1.4 Waterside pavilion (榭)
2.1 Hall(厅)
2.2 Main Hall(堂)
2.3 Xuan（轩）
2.4 Guan（馆）
3.1 mansion(楼)
3.2 Chinese style pavilion (阁)
3.3 Vegetarian Room(斋室)
I. The History of Chinese Classic Gardens
Gardening in China began during the Shang and
Zhou dynasties as a royal pastime as rulers built
parks for their own use. Gardening became
5. The shape ratio is popular, being fastidious about ideal condition
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The Humble Administrator's Garden was originally built in 1509. It was initially a private garden of a former government servant named Wang Xianchen. It was said he just do some gardening work like planting trees and vegetables there.Water feature is the main background and its natural landscape includes small forests, hills and rock formations. It also has manmade pavilions, halls and parlors. It is representative of the Ming Dynasty building style.
I. The History of Chinese Classic Gardens II. The Kinds of Chinese Classic Gardens III. The Main Construction Factors of Chinese Classic Gardens IV. The Building Forms of Chinese Classic Gardens V. The Art Features of Chinese Classic Gardens VI. One of private Gardens :the Classical Gardens of Suzhou VII. Influence of Chinese `Landscaping & Gardening Art to the World
The Art of Chinese Classic Gardens
1.Do you like tourism ? Why?
2.Do you often have chances to visit other places?
3.Where have you traveled in china ? What kind of sights do you like best ? Why?
This couplet quotes two great poets of the North Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shunqin, The fact that their works are combined into a single coupler speaks to the poets’ friendship, It reads, ”The gentle breeze and bright moon are priceless, and the landscape is full of affection for man”.
A borrowed view of Tianping Mountain contributes to the couplet ’ s theme.
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IV. The Building Forms of Chinese Classic Gardens :
1.1 Pavilion (亭)
1.2 Corridor (廊)
The Small Flying Rainbow is a roofed bridge. It looks out from the north onto the little Canglang, and onto a profound and varying vista. ReflectTiohnesMoof uthnetaPina-vinil-ioVniewof TLoowtuesr iBnretheeze and the FraHgruamnbt lIeslAedbmleinndisitnratototrh'se Gviaerwd,eans. well as a part of the Mountain Viewing Tower.
2. Management of construction
Construction of scenic tour (wavy corridor in the Humble Administrator's Garden) Transportation Landscape Architecture: SeventeenArch Bridge , Summer Palace