above
above
牛津高阶英汉双解词典above1/ əˈbʌv; əˋbʌv/ advat or to a higher point; overhead 在较高处; 到较高处; 在头顶上方: My bedroomis immediately above. 我的卧室就在上面. * Put the biscuits on the shelf above. 把饼乾放到上面的架子上. * Seen from above, the fields looked like a geometrical pattern. 从高处往下看, 那些农田像是几何图案. * A voice called down to us from above. 从上面传来叫我们的声音.earlier or further back (in a book, an article, etc) （书﹑文章等的）前文, 上文:in the above paragraph 在上一段* As was stated above... 如上所述... * See above, page 97见前文, 第97页.(rhet 修辞) in or to heaven 在天上; 到天上: the powers above 上天神明*blessings from above 上天的祝福* gone above上天堂了. Cf 参看below, under, underneath.# ,above-`mentioned, ,above-`named adjs mentioned or named earlier (in this book, article, etc) （在本书中﹑在本文中等）上述的. Cf 参看undermentioned. above2/ əˈbʌv; əˋbʌv/ prep(a) higher than (sth) 高於; 在...之上: The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线之上. * The water came above our knees. 水没过了我们的膝部. * We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行. (Cf 参看We were flying over/across the Sahara.) (b) higher in rank, position, importance, etc than (sb/sth) 级别﹑地位﹑重要性等高於...: A captain in the Navy ranks above a captain in the Army. 海军的captain（上校）军阶高於陆军的captain（上尉）. * She married above her, ie married sb from a higher social class than herself. 她嫁给了社会地位比她高的人.greater in number, price, weight, etc than (sth) 数目﹑价钱﹑重量等超过...:The temperature has been above the average recently. 近来的气温一直比平均温度高. * There's nothing in this shop above/over a dollar. 这个店里没有一样东西价钱超过一元. * It weighs above/over ten tons. 这东西的重量超过十吨. * Applicants must be above/over the age of 18. 申请人年龄必须超过18岁.(fml 文) more than (sb/sth) 超过; 胜过: Should a soldier value honour abovelife?军人应视荣誉重於生命吗?beyond the reach of (sth) because too good, great, etc （因优良﹑出色等）超出...的范围: He is above suspicion, ie is not suspected because he is completely trusted. 他无可怀疑（因为他是可以完全信赖的人, 所以不受怀疑）. * Her behaviour was above/beyond reproach. 她的行为是无可指责的.too good, etc for (sth) （因好﹑优越等）不做, 不为, 不屑: She wouldn't lie she'sabove that. 她不至於说谎--她不屑做那种事. * She is above deceit, ie is not deceitful. 她不会骗人的. * Although she's the manager, she's not above asking(ie she isn't too proud to ask) for advice from her staff. 她虽身为经理, 却并不耻於向下属请教.upstream from (a place) 在（一处）的上游: the waterfall above the bridge在桥的上游的瀑布.(idm 习语) above `all most important of all; especially 最重要的; 尤其: Helongs above all (else) to see his family again. 他尤其渴望再见到家里的人. a`bove oneself too pleased with oneself; conceited; arrogant 兴高采烈; 得意忘形; 自高自大; 趾高气扬. Cf 参看below, under, underneath.# above-board adv, adj => above board (board1).NOTE ON USAGE 用法:1 When they indicate a position higher than something, above and over can often be used in the same way *above和over表示‘在比某物高的位置’时, 用法往往相同: They built a new room above/over the garage. 他们在车房上面加盖了一个房间.2 When there is movement across something, only over can be used 在表示一动作越过某物时, 只能用over: She threw the ball over the fence. 她把球扔过了篱笆. * jump over the stream 跳过小溪.3 Over can also mean `covering' *over还可表示‘盖着’的意思: Pull the sheet over the body. 拉起被单盖住身体. * Throw the water over the flames. 把水泼在火焰上.4 Over and above can mean `more than' in number, measurement, etc. *over 和above可以表示在数目或量度上等等‘多於’的意思. Above is generally used in relation to a minimum or standard *above一般用於表示与‘最低限度’或‘标准’有关的事物: 2000 ft above sea-level 海拔2000英尺* above averageintelligence/height 在一般智力[高度]以上* two degrees above zero 零上二度* He's over fifty. 他已年过半百. * She's been here over two hours. 她在这里已超过两小时了.朗文当代英语词典above1a·bove1 W1S2 /əˈbʌv/adv, prepin a higher position than something else= over≠ belowOur office is above the hairdresser's.He had a bruise just above his left eye.I heard a strange noise coming from the room above.The great bird hovered high above our heads.more than a particular number, amount, or level≠ below50 metres above sea levelabove freezing/zero(=higher than the temperature at which water freezes)Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.and/or abovefree medical care for pensioners aged 65 and abovePrize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above.The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average.to a greater degree than something elseMany employers value personality above experience or qualifications. above all (else)(=used to say that something is more important than anything else) Max is hardworking, cheerful, and above all honest.medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show)louder or clearer than other soundsYou can always hear her voice above everybody else's.higher in rank, power, or importance≠ belowHe never rose above the rank of corporal.and/or aboveofficers of the rank of Major and abovefrom above(=from people in higher authority)We just obey orders from above.formal before, in the same piece of writing≠ belowAs mentioned above, there is a service charge.Write to the address above for further information.not be above (doing) sthto not be too good or honest to do somethingEileen's not above flirting with the boss when it suits her.be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etcto be so good that no one can doubt or criticize youEven the king's closest advisers were not above suspicion.get above yourselfto think you are better or more important than you really are→over and above at over1 (14)→be above the law at lawabove2above2 W3 adj[only before noun] a) used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writingFor the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory.b) the aboveformal something mentioned before in the same piece of writing If none of the above applies to you, then you may be able to reclaim tax.牛津高阶英语词典abovepreposition, adverb, adjectiveprepositionat or to a higher place or position than sth/sb: The water came above our knees. ◆We were flying above the clouds. ◆the people in the apartment above mine ◆A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army. ◆They finished the year six places above their local rivals.more than sth; greater in number, level or age than sb/sth: Inflation is above 6%. ◆Temperatures have been above average. ◆We cannot accept children above the age of 10.of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth: I rate her above most other players of her age.too good or too honest to do sth: She's not above lying when it suits her. ◆He's above suspicion (= he is completely trusted).(of a sound) louder or clearer than another sound: I couldn't hear her above the noise of the traffic.Idioms: above all most important of all; especially: Above all, make sure you keep in touch.above yourself (disapproving) having too high an opinion of yourselfmore at OVER prep.adverbat or to a higher place: Put it on the shelf above. ◆Seen from above the cars looked tiny. ◆They were acting on instructions from above (= from sb in a higher position of authority).greater in number, level or age: increases of 5% and above ◆A score of 70 or above will get you an 'A'. ◆children aged 12 and aboveearlier in sth written or printed: As was stated above ... ◆See above, page 97.adjective [only before noun] mentioned or printed previously in a letter, book, etc: Please write to us at the above address.the above noun [sing.+sing./pl. v.]: Please notify us if the above is not correct.◆All the above (= people mentioned above) have passed the exam.WHICH WORD?above / overAbove and over can both be used to describe a position higher than something: They built a new room above/over the garage. When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over: They jumped over the stream. Over can also mean 'covering':He put a blanket over the sleeping child.Above and over can also mean 'more than'. Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point: 2 000 feet above sea level ◆Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time:He's over 50. ◆It costs over £3100. ◆We waited over 2 hours.全文翻译Web 搜索。
Above的用法及其与over的区别
Above的用法及其与over的区别许多学生说我已经掌握了很多单词，可为什么考试还老出错呢。
其实英语中也有词义相同或相近的介词，例如above和over,学会分辨和理解才能准确地运用。
下面来看看吧。
一、用作介词有以下词义。
1. 高于，高出，在…上方：The planes were flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞行。
The moon was above the trees in the midnight. 月亮这时在树的上方。
The Whites live in the apartment above ours. 怀特一家住在我们楼上的一套住房里。
2. 超过，胜过：Health is above money. 健康胜过金钱。
We loved our country above all else. 我们爱祖国胜过一切。
二、用作副词有以下词义，可以作表语和后置定语。
在上面，在前面：Mary’s bedroom is just above. 玛丽的房间就在上面。
The stones above have begun to fall down. 上方的的石头开始跨了。
above与over的区别：1. 两者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上头的正上方。
不表示正上方时要用above。
He built a new room above/ over the garage.他在车房上加盖了一个新房间。
He stayed at the hotel above the pool. 他住在可以俯瞰水池的旅馆里。
2.若含有动态或覆盖的意味，通常用over，而不用aboveHe flew over to London. 他飞到了伦敦。
Cover him over with a sheet. 用床单把他盖起来。
Spread a cloth over the table. 在桌上铺一块桌布。
表示上方的介词
7.There are some apples the apple tree.
姓名：张成梅（英语）
校区：加州
（1）Above:与物体不接触，不垂直
There is a plane above the house.
房子上方有一架飞机。Fra bibliotek（2）On：与物体接触
There is a cup of tea on the table.
桌子上有一杯红茶。
（3）Over：与物体不接触，垂直
There is a bridge over the river.
3.能在句子，文章中灵活运用这三个介词。
教学重难点
(Important and difficulty points)
1.区分三个介词的不同之处。
2.在选择题或句子中能正确应用。
教学过程
(Teaching Procedures)
1.区分三个表示上方的介词：above, on, over.
2.具体讲解及举例：
河上有一座桥。
教学总结
(Summary)
本节课就针对易混介词的用法做一个区分，这种介词多放在选择题，短文填空或完型的题型中。
作业
(Homework)
1.三个介词各抄写5遍。
2.老师举的相应例子抄一遍（中英文）。
3.做完教案后的练习题。
例题：请用above, on, over这三个介词来填空。
1.An air plane flew the clouds.
2.A lamp hung me.
3.There is a English book the desk.
4.Mr. Brown lives in the building. His house is the fifth floor.
方位介词aboveoveron的用法和辨析
方位介词aboveoveron的用法和辨析上述三个单词都是英语中表示“在……上方”的方位介词，下面就分别讲一下它们的用法和辨析。
1. aboveabove 表示在某物或某位置的上方，有点儿偏向于指垂直方向的高度。
例如：- There was a helicopter hovering above our heads.（一架直升机悬停在我们头顶上方。
）- His apartment is located on the 15th floor, high above the noise of the city. （他的公寓位于15楼，高高在上，远离城市的喧嚣。
）- The sun was shining brightly above the horizon.（太阳在地平线上方明亮地照耀着。
）2. overover 同样表示在某物或某位置的上方，但比 above 偏向于水平方向的跨越。
例如：- The plane was flying over the mountains.（飞机飞越山脉。
）- We need to build a bridge over the river.（我们需要在河上架起一座桥。
）- She placed a blanket over the bed to keep it warm.（她在床上铺上一条毯子，让它保持温暖。
）3. onon 意为紧贴在某个平面表面上，是表示接触的方位介词，偶尔也可以与 above 和 over 同时使用。
例如：- Put your glasses on the table, please.（请把你的眼镜放到桌子上。
）- The book is on the shelf.（这本书在书架上。
）- John is standing on the ladder, painting the ceiling.（约翰站在梯子上，刷天花板。
）总的来说，以上三个介词在表达“在……上方”的意思时有很大的重叠性，需要根据具体情况进行选择。
above的用法总结大全
above的用法总结大全（学习版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如英语单词、英语语法、英语听力、英语知识点、语文知识点、文言文、数学公式、数学知识点、作文大全、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of classic sample essays, such as English words, English grammar, English listening, English knowledge points, Chinese knowledge points, classical Chinese, mathematical formulas, mathematics knowledge points, composition books, other materials, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!above的用法总结大全above的意思prep. 在…上面,超过,大于,不至于adv. 在上面,超过,更大,上文adj. 上述的above用法above可以用作介词above表示位置时笼统指“在上方”，不一定垂直，也不与其宾语相接触。
常见方位介词用法比较above
常见方位介词用法比较above，over，under，below，beneathabove和overabove（介词和副词）和over（介词）两者的含义都是higher than（高于），有时可以互换使用：The helicopter hovered above/over us．直升机在我们的上空盘旋。
Flags waved above/over our heads．旗帜在我们头顶上方飘扬。
但over还可以表示覆盖（covering），在对面（on the other side of），横过（across），从一边到另一边（from one side to the other）：We put a rug over him．我们往他身上盖了一块小毛毯。
He lives over the mountain．他住在山的那一边。
There is a bridge over the river．河上有一座桥。
all over+ 名词/代词意为“在每一部分”：He has friends all over the world．他的朋友遍天下。
above则不可能有上述这些意思。
over还可有“多于”或“高于”的意思。
above只有“高于”的意思。
over和above都可指较高的职位。
但He is over me通常表示He is my immediate superior（他是我的顶头上司），He super－vises my work（他督导我的工作）。
above则不一定有此含义。
如果河上有一座桥，above the bridge的意思是upstream（在桥的上游）。
over可与meals（饭）/food食物）/drink（饮料）等连用：They had a chat over a cup of tea．他们喝茶时聊着天。
在take+表示时间的词语+over+名词/代词结构中，over可意为to do/finish（去做/完成）等：He doesn′t take bug over lunch/to eat his lunch．他吃午饭没花多长时间。
below和above的用法
below和above的用法1. Below 可以用来表示位置在下面呀，就像鸟儿在天空中飞翔，而我们在大地下面行走。
比如说“Look below, there is a beautiful garden.”（往下看，那里有个漂亮的花园。
）2. Above 呢，刚好相反，是在上面哦。
比如“ The clouds are floating above us.”（云朵在我们上方漂浮。
）它就像山顶在群山之上那般突出。
3. 当你说“He is below average in his studies.”（他学习成绩低于平均水平。
）这时候的 below 是不是很形象地表达了一种程度呀。
4. “The temperature is above normal today.”（今天的温度高于正常。
）这里的 above 就清楚地告诉你温度的状态啦，神奇吧！5. 想想看，“The star is shining brightly above in the sky.”（那颗星星在天空中高高地闪耀。
）这画面感是不是一下就出来了，above 在这里用得多恰当。
6. “There are many fish swimming below the surface of the water.”（有很多鱼在水面以下游来游去。
） below 让你清楚地知道鱼所在的位置呢。
7. “The helicopter is flying above the city.”（直升机在城市上方飞行。
）哇，用 above 来描述直升机的位置多准确呀。
8. “The price of this book is below what I expected.”（这本书的价格低于我预期的。
）是不是一下就理解了价格的情况呀，below 在这里可起了大作用。
9. “The level of noise is above the acceptable range.”（噪音水平在可接受范围之上。
above 造句
above造句above造句如下：1、This book is above me.2、My bedroom is just above.3、The temperature is above the boiling point.4、We were flying above the clouds.5、Falling debris rained on us from above.6、There are dots above the letters i and j.7、The three statues above are probably Roman divinities.8、At speeds above 50 mph, serious injuries dramatically increase.9、Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful.10、Consumers are charged a monthly fee above their basic cable costs.11、Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year.12、Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above.13、By mid-morning, the temperature was already above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.14、My words were lost as the walls above us crashed down, filling the cellar with brick dust.15、The cliffs towered above them.16、The tower peeped above the trees.17、The wires were sparking above me.18、Birds wheeled above us in the sky.19、He lifted his hands above his head.20、Seagulls circled around above his head.21、We hung her portrait above the fireplace.22、Kites whooshed above the beach at intervals.23、The citadel at Besançon towered above the river.24、He was a respected academic and above suspicion.25、She liked him above all for his effortless charm.26、Air pollution has risen above an acceptable level.27、The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees.。
above的同义词和例句
above的同义词和例句above释义：超过;在 ... 上面;高于。
以下是店铺为大家整理了above这个词组的同义词和例句，以供大家参考学习。
above的同义词：aloft onabove的同义词例句：The book is on the table.书在桌子上。
The spider is walking on the ceiling.蜘蛛在天花板上爬行。
I bought it on credit.这东西我是赊购来的。
He studied at Oxford on a Rhodes scholarship.他靠罗兹奖学金在牛津就读。
What do you do on New Year's Day?元旦你做什么?He will give a lecture on international affairs.他会作关于国际形势的讲座。
They made their own judgment on his report.他们凭他的报告作出自己的判断。
above的英语例句：The glider was soaring above the valley.那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。
Applicants must be above the age of 18.申请者的年龄必须超过18岁。
The sun rose above the horizon.太阳升到地平线上。
The bird is flying low above the water.那只鸟在水面上低飞。
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.海军的上校军衔高于陆军的上尉军衔。
He lived in a flat above the shop. 他住在那商店上面的一套房间里。
The airliner flew above the clouds. 大型客机在云层上面飞行。
Please weigh the above points and see if they are practicable. 以上几点意见是否可行，请酌定。
【英语知识点】above和over和on的区别
【英语知识点】above和over和on的区别on：表面有接触，A在B上面，如书在桌上，书和桌子相接触。
above：无接触，泛指上方，高于，如鸟在水面上，鸟相对于水来讲位置处于上方。
over：正上方、垂直上方，可接触，可不接触，B在A笼罩范围之内（A灯在上方，B下方的在灯光范围内）。
Above的用法1.PREP介词…上方;高于Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it...和它楼上的那间不同，46号公寓很安静。
He was staring into the mirror above him.他盯着在他上方的镜子。
2.ADV副词上述;在上文【搭配模式】：ADJ Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above...从上文描述的结果中可以得出几个结论。
Full details are in the table above.详细信息请见上文表格。
Above也是个名词For additional information, contact any of the above.如需更多信息，可与以上任何一处联系。
Above也是形容词For a copy of their brochure, write to the above address.欲索取其宣传册，请写信至以上地址。
3.PREP 介词（数量或度量）在…以上，超过 If an amount or measurement is above a particular level, it is greater than that level.The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees...温度攀升至40度出头。
Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year...维多利亚瀑布今年的降雨量超过了平均水平。
over和above的用法
over和above的用法Over和above是两个常用的英语词汇，通常被用来表示位置、数量以及程度等概念。
尽管它们可以有相似的意思，但它们在使用时有一些微妙的差别。
本文将详细探讨over和above在不同上下文中的正确用法，并提供相关例句作为参考。
一、位置概念中的用法1. Over通常指“覆盖在、跨越或超越某物之上”，强调垂直方向上的位移。
例如：- She placed a blanket over the sleeping baby.（她将毯子覆盖在正在睡觉的婴儿上。
）- The bridge spans over the river.（这座桥跨越河流。
）2. Above则通常表示“在某物之上，高于某物”等意思，不强调实际接触或覆盖性质，而是侧重于相对位置关系。
例如：- The moon was shining above the mountains.（月亮在山顶上照耀着。
）- His achievements are beyond anything I've ever seen above my own level.（他的成就超过了我所能达到的水平。
）二、数量概念中的用法1. Over用作介词时表示“多于”，常用来描述数目或比例关系。
例如：- The price of the car is just over $30,000.（这辆车的价格略高于三万美元。
）- The child jumped over three hurdles.（孩子跳过了三道障碍。
）2. Above常用作形容词时表示“在……之上，超过”，强调比较的程度。
例如：- The temperature is above average today.（今天的温度高于平均值。
）- We need to keep the noise level above 60 decibels.（我们需要将噪音水平保持在60分贝以上。
）三、程度概念中的用法1. Over可以表达“在……之上，在某一数量或范围之外”的含义。
on和above的区别
on和above的区别
above和on的区别：含义不同，above一般指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物；on 指与另一物表面相接触。
固定搭配不同，be on about sth；be on for sth。
一、含义不同
above ：一般指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，on 指与另一物表面相接触。
1、Put it down on the table.把它放在桌子上。
2、The water came above our knees.水淹过了我们的膝盖。
二、固定搭配不同
1、be on about sth
(informal) 谈论（某事）；有…的意思
2、be on for sth
(informal) 想要做某事
Is anyone on for a drink after work?有人想下班后喝一杯吗？
三、读音不同
above：英 [əˈbʌv] 美 [əˈbʌv]
on：英 [ɒn] 美 [ɑ:n]。
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above-the-line advertising 线上广告，广告代理商能从媒介获得佣金（代理费）的广告，如报刊广告、广播广告、电视广告、影院广告、户外广告等airport advertising 机场广告
利用机场的候机室及在机场内其他各种场地和设备上制作刊出的广告，也包括在指示牌上制作的广告。
audio-visual advertising 视听广告
多指电视广告。
视听广告，以“视”为主，因此广告词不能太长。
视听广告给与受众视听享受时，阐述广告主张，因而其有极强的表现力和感染力，且媒介覆盖面广，自诞生以来发展很快。
below-the-line advertising 线下广告
除线上广告以外的各种广告形式。
如促销广告(sales promotion advertising)购物点广告(P.O.P advertising)，直接邮递广告(direct mail advertising)，还包括举办展览会(exhibition)和发起某项活动(sponsorship)等。
billboard advertising 路牌广告
张贴或直接描绘在固定路牌上的广告。
一般用喷绘或油漆手工绘制在路牌上。
brand advertising 品牌广告
宣传产品品牌的广告，旨在建立品牌忠诚度（brand loyalty），使消费者或用户乐于认定或接受广告中的牌号。
亦称产品广告（product advertising）。
Banner
横幅广告，一个表现商家广告内容的图片，放置在广告商的页面上，是互联网广告中最基本的广告形式，尺寸是480*60像素，或233*30像素，一般是使用GIF 格式的图像文件，可以使用静态图形，也可用多帧图像拼接为动画图像。
Direct mail (DM) 直接邮递
既是直销的一种方法，也是广告的主要形式之一。
主要是直接邮递各种形式的印刷品，如信件（letter）、传单（leaflet）、小册子（booklet）以及其他材料，如订购单（orderform）等。
export advertising 出口广告
为出口商品所作的广告宣传，刊登在商品进口国的广告媒介中刊登。
free advertising 免费广告
不付费的广告。
如公益性广告，由广告代理商免费设计，媒介单位免费提供版而或时间。
free-standing insert advertisement 夹页广告
夹在刊物中，与刊物同时发行的单张或多页广告。
夹页广告有单色的，也有多色的。
这类广告可以在制作方面做到比报纸广告更精美。
gift advertising 赠品广告
以赠品为号召促进产品销售的广告。
赠送样品（sample）的广告，也可以归入这个范畴。
hard-sell advertising 硬销售广告
以销售服务为中心的广告，明确阐述自己的立场，宣传内容为产品本身及促销努力，意在激发消费者的购买欲望，并使这种欲望付诸实施。
image advertising 形象广告
专为树立企业形象而进行的广告，目的在于增进社会各界对企业的了解和支持。
日本称“印象广告”。
impact advertising 有冲击力的广告
能引起人们极大注意并留下强烈印象的广告。
但其表现方式必须是健康的。
inflight advertising 飞行中广告
在飞行时向乘客提供的各种娱乐及服务项目发布的广告，如广播、电视新闻短片及赠送广告礼品等。
insert 插页
夹在报刊中的广告印刷品。
商品目录也可以作为插页夹入报纸。
这种形式也称为flyer。
lamp post advertising 路灯柱广告
设置在路灯柱上的广告，有用招贴的，也有用耐久搪瓷牌的。
light box advertising 灯箱广告
灯箱外框是铝合金或不锈钢，箱面是有机玻璃做成，内装日光管或霓虹管，画面一般是照相
软片。
设置在商店门口或店堂内部，以及公共场所及道路、立交路两侧。
magazine advertising 杂志广告
刊登在杂志上的广告。
杂志可分为专业性杂志（professional magazine）、行业性杂志（
trade magazine）、消费者杂志（consumer magazine）等。
由于各类杂志读者比较明确，
是各类专业商品广告的良好媒介。
mail order advertising 邮购广告
在邮购目录上刊登的广告。
newspaper advertising 报纸广告
刊登在报纸上的广告。
outdoor advertising 户外广告
设置在户外的广告，如路牌广告和霓虹灯广告、灯箱广告等。
platform side advertising 站台广告
设置在铁路。