0908高级口译模拟试卷一

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2009年9月高级口译真题(完整版)

2009年9月高级口译真题（完整版）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Part A: Spot DictationFor more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country's progress. They have educated the technical, _______ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from around the country are apt to find many reasons for the _______ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First, _______ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _______ (4). Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _______ (5).Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _______ (6) of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted _______ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _______ (8) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academy's impact really grew after World WarⅡwhen a landmark report _______ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to _______ (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_______ (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _______ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _______ (13), medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, _______ (14): The end of World War Ⅱsaw the passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for a college or vocational education_______ (15), made the higher-education system accessible in ways that _______ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _______ (17).Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal______(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought much needed diversity to higher education and further_______ (19). Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) She’s just a city girl and is used to the fast pace of the city.(B) She doesn’t have to drive everywhere to buy things.(C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought.(D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people.2. (A) Going to the country for a vacation makes no sense at all.(B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap.(C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country.(D) People can relax better in the country than in the city.3. (A) The convenient transportation.(B) The interactive social life.(C) The whole car culture.(D) The nice neighborhood.4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden.(B) You won’t feel stuck and labeled as you do in the city.(C) It’s more tolerable than living in the city.(D) It’s more hateful than living in the country.5. (A) Quite lonely.(B) Very safe.(C) Not very convenient.(D) Not particularly dangerous.6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people.(B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits.(C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies.7. (A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently.(B) The outlook for manufacturing is worsening in foreseeable future.(C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year.(D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months.8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level.(B) This action is obviously going to change global temperatures in the long run.(C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming.(D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming.9. (A) $ 60.5 a barrel.(B) $ 61 a barrel.(C) $ 61.32 a barrel.(D) $ 61.67 a barrel.10. (A) 92.(B) 250.(C) 1,500.(D) 2,500.11. (A) Microsoft.(B) Coca Cola.(C) IBM.(D) Nokia.12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands.(B) Strong franchise with consumers.(C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company.(D) The degree of resonance consumers have with a brand proposition.13. (A) Because it is monopolistic.(B) Because it is competitive.(C) Because it takes its brand through generations.(D) Because its products fetch high prices.14. (A) The functionality of its product.(B) The emotional appeal of its product.(C) Its basic product being so different.(D) Its highly effective publicity.15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture.(B) A long company history.(C) An excellent product.(D) A sophisticated technology.16. (A) A power station.(B) An importer of bicycles.(C) An association of volunteers.(D) A charity organization.17. (A) To provide help to local villagers.(B) To export bicycles to developing countries.(C) To organize overseas trips.(D) To carry out land surveys.18. (A) They sell them at a very low price.(B) They charge half price.(C) They give them away for free.(D) They trade them for local products.19. (A) 14,000.(B) 46,000.(C) 50,000.(D) 56,000.20. (A) Donating bicycles.(B) Bringing in funds.(C) Taking part in bike rides.(D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1--5Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “extreme change.” He described his layoff as a practically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right.“I assured her I had friends and loved ones and a dog,” he wrote, “and since my relationship with her could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly, “put them in a room with some crockery for a few therapeutic minutes of smashing things against a wall.”While we enjoy our friend’s sense of humor, we’d suggest a different memo to HR. “Layoffs are your moment of truth,” it would say, “when your company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them when they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people.”Look, we’ve written before about HR and the game-changing role we believe it can—and should—play as the engine of an organization’s hiring, appraisal, and development processes. We’ve asserted that too many companies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and we’ve made the case that every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. And, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintance’s experience shows.So, to your question: What is HR’s correct role now—especially in terms of layoffs?First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “hired gun” only makes matters worse. That’s why HR must ensure that managers accept their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face,eyeball-to-eyeball.Second, HR’s role is to serve as the company’s arbiter of equity. Nothing raises hackles more during a layoff than the sense that some people—namely the loudmouths and the litigious—are getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arrangements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply don’t want people to leave feeling as if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “At least I know i was treated fairly.”Finally, HR’s role is to absorb pain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, and it is HR’s job to be completely available to console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “the departed” feel as if they’ve been sent to a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employee—either a colleague or HR staffer—should check in regularly. And not just to ask, “Is everything O.K.?” but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers.Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “So Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many letters supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “real work” of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisis—or their own career—perhaps at last they’ve seen the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad.1. Why does the author say that his friend’s note displayed a “sense of humor”(para. 3)?(A) Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of”extreme change”.(B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement reps’ work style.(C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired.(D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed.2. The expression “moment of truth” in the sentence “Layoffs are your moment of truth ...when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means ________.(A) critical moment of proving one’s worth(B) time of dismissing the employees(C) important moment of telling the truth(D) time of losing one’s dignity3. Which of the following does NOT support the author’s statement that “HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.”(para. 6)?(A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized.(B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect.(C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs.(D) In doing so strangers will only play the role of a “hired gun”.4. The expression “pink slips” in the sentence “Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.”(para. 6) can best be paraphrased as ________.(A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal(C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings5. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?(A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived.(B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HR’s job.(C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired.(D) Managers must leave their duty to HR when employees are dismissed.Questions 6—10Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach she’s taking is flawed, and the current financial crisis can help us understand why.The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permits under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocated by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activists who want to fight global warming. But it’s based on the trade of highly volatile financial instruments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reductions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers.At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major recession. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, requires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it. Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the program’s flexibility once under way, since market actors then have an interest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. What’s more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “sudden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under acarbon-tax regime.”Recent experience bears this out. Europe has in place a cap-and-trade program that today looks a little like the American mortgage-backed securities market—it’s a total mess. The price of carbon recently fell—plummeting from over $30 to around $12 per ton—as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch. It is this shaky experience with cap-and-trade that might explain an unlikely advocate of acarbon tax. Earlier this year, ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson pointed in a speech to the problems with Europe’s cap-and-trade program—such as the program’s volatility and lack of transparency—as reasons he prefers a carbon tax.That said, new taxes are a tough sell in Washington, which helps explain the current preference for a cap-and-trade scheme. Despite this, there are ways to make a carbon tax more politically appealing. The first is to insist that it be “revenue neutral.” This means that any revenues collected from the tax are used to reduce taxes elsewhere, such as payroll taxes.The advantage of this approach is that it places a burden on something that is believed by many to be undesirable (greenhouse-gas emissions) while relieving a burden on something that is desirable (work). Another selling point is that the tax can justify the removal of an assortment of burdensome and costly regulations such as CAFE standards for car. These regulations become largely redundant in an era of carbon taxes.But it may be that a carbon tax doesn’t need an elaborate sales pitch today when the alternative is trading carbon permits. The nation’s recent experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the mortgage-backed securities market should prompt Congress to think twice when a member proposes the creation of a highly politicized market for innovative financial instruments, no matter how well intentioned the program may be.6. The author introduces Senator Barbara Boxer in the passage because she ________.(A) has made suggestions to ease the current financial crisis(B) is a pioneer in the reduction of greenhouse gases emission(C) is well-known for her proposal on legislation reform(D) plans to propose the legislation of cap-and-trade program7. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the carbon emission credits system?(A) The use of carbon credits would show clearly emitters’ efforts in carbon cutting.(B) The credits might be distributed free or auctioned to the emitters.(C) The price of carbon credits could fluctuate with changing economic conditions.(D) The credits can be bought and sold between emitters for profits.8. According to the passage, the cap-and-trade program ________.(A) will be much more useful in fighting global warming(B) will not be as effective as a tax on carbon emissions(C) is being examined by industry professionals and lawmakers(D) is supported by many policymakers, industry leaders and activists9. The expression “to shore up” in the sentence “as European firms unloaded their permits on the market in an effort to shore up deteriorating balance sheets during the credit crunch”(para. 6) can best paraphrased as ________.(A) to eliminate (B) to revise and regulate(C) to give support to (D) to correct and restructure10. In the last paragraph, the author mentions Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities to tell the Congress that ________.(A) the experience with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities will be useful for the creation of a highly politicized market(B) the lessons from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the mortgage-backed securities should not be neglected(C) the argument over cap-and-trade program and direct tax on carbon emissions should be stopped(D) the legislation for a cap-and-trade scheme will prove to be the solution to greenhouse gases emissionQuestions 11--15The gap between what companies might be expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay amounts to billions of pounds—on that much, everyone can agree. The surprising truth is that no one can agree how many billions are missing, or even how to define “tax gap”. Estimates range from anything between £3bn to nearly £14bn, depending on who is doing the calculations. Even the people in charge of colleting the taxes—Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC)—admit they have only the vaguest idea of how many further billions of pounds they could be getting...and it took a freedom of information request before they would admit the extent of their lack of knowledge.Any media organization or MP attempting to pursue the subject will find themselves hampered by the same difficulties faced by the tax collectors—secrecy and complexity. The Guardian’s investigation, which we publish over the coming two weeks, is no different.The difficulty starts with an inability of anyone to agree a definition of “tax avoidance”. It continues through the limited amount of information in the public domain. And it is further hampered by the extraordinary complexity of modern global corporations.International companies based in the UK may have hundreds of subsidiary companies, which many use to take advantage of differing tax regimes as they move goods, services and intellectual property around the world. It is estimated that more than half of world trade consists of such movements (known as transfer-pricing) within corporations.Companies are legally required publicly to declare these subsidiaries. But they generally tell shareholders of only the main subsidiaries. The Guardian’s investigation found five majorUK-based corporations which had ignored the requirements of the Companies Act by failing to identify offshore subsidiaries. This is just one example of the atmosphere of secrecy andnon-disclosure in Britain which has allowed tax avoidance to flourish. The result is that few outside of the lucrative industries of banking, accountancy and tax law have understood the scale of the capital flight that is now taking place.British tax inspectors privately describe as formidable the mountain outsiders have to climb in order to comb through the accounts of international companies based in London. “The companies hold all the cards,” said one senior former tax inspector. “It’s very difficult because you don’t always know what you are looking for...You are confronted with delay, obstruction and a lot of whingeing from companies who complain about ‘unreasonable requests’. Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw.”Another former senior tax inspector said: “One of the problems the Revenue has is that the company doesn’t have to disclose the amount of tax actually paid in any year and the accounts won’t reveal the liability. Each company has its own method of accounting for tax: there’s no uniform way of declaring it all.” For journalists trying to probe these murky waters, the problems are so substantial that few media organizations attempt it.A trawl through the published accounts of even a single major group of companies can involve hunting around in the registers of several different countries. It takes a lot of time and a lot of money. Companies—with some far-sighted British exceptions—simply refuse to disclose any more than what appears in the published figures. The legal fiction that a public company is a “legal person”, entitled to total tax secrecy and even to “human rights”, makes it normally impossible for a journalist to penetrate the tax strategies of big business. HMRC refuse, far example, to identify the 12 major companies who used tax avoidance schemes to avoid paying any corporation tax whatever.It is difficult to access experts to guide the media or MPs through this semantic jungle. The “Big Four” accountants and tax QCs who make a living out of tax avoidance, have no interest in helping outsiders understand their world. Few others have the necessary knowledge, and those that do, do not come cheap or may be conflicted. “Secrecy is the offshore world’s great protector,” writes William Brittan-Caitlin, London-based former Kroll investigator in his book, Offshore. “Government and states are generally at a loss to diagnose in detail what is really going on inside corporate internal markets. Corporations are extremely secretive about the special tax advantages these structures give them.”11. According to the passage, the “tax gap” is ________.(A) a well-defined term included in both British taxation system and the Companies Act(B) an accepted practice adopted by most international companies based in the UK(C) a practice difficult to define and discover but common with companies in Britain(D) the target which has been attacked by British tax inspectors over the past decades12. It can be concluded that many international companies “move goods, services and intellectual property around the world” (para.4) within corporations mainly in order ________.(A) to make use of different tax systems to avoid taxation(B) to give equal support to all the subsidiaries around the world(C) to expand the import and export trade with other countries(D) to raise their productivity and to maximize the profitability13. When one former senior tax inspector comments that “Sometimes you are just piecing together a jigsaw “(para. 6), he most probably means that ________.(A) investigating a company’s accounts is the same as playing a children’s game(B) the Revenue should reform its regulation to fight illegal “tax avoidance”(C) it’s a complicated matter to investigate an international company’s accounts(D) it’s a diffident task to overcome the obstruction from the company’s side14. By using the expression “legal fiction”(para. 8) to describe today’s status of a public company, the author is trying to imply that such a definition ________.(A) is a humanitarian and legitimate definition protecting the rights of companies(B) is ridiculous, absurd and hinders the investigation of tax strategies of big companies(C) is an incorrect and inexact concept to reveal the nature of modem businesses(D) is a reflection of the reality of companies and corporations and should not be altered15. In writing this article, the author is planning to tell all of the following to the readers EXCEPT that ________.(A) the gap between what companies are expected to pay in tax and what they actually pay is too enormous to be neglected(B) secrecy and complexity are the two major protectors of international corporations in tax avoidance(C) there are loopholes in the legislation concerning companies which obstruct the practice of taxation(D) the government plans to investigate the “tax gap” and “tax avoidance” of international companiesQuestions 16--20One of the many upsetting aspects to being in your forties, is hearing people your own age grumbling about “young people” the way we were grumbled about ourselves. Old friends will complain, “Youngsters today have no respect like we did”, and I’ll think: “Hang on. I remember the night you set a puma loose in the soft furnishings section of Pricerite’s.”There’s also a “radicals” version of this attitude, a strand within the middle-aged who lament how today’s youngsters, “Don’t demonstrate like we did”, because “we were always marching against apartheid or for the miners but students these days don’t seem bothered”. It would seem natural if they went on: “The bloody youth of today; they’ve no disrespect for authority. In my day you started chanting and if a copper gave you any lip you gave him a clip round the ear, and he didn’t do it again. We’ve lost those values somehow.”You feel that even if they did come across a mass student protest they’d sneer. “That isn’t a proper rebellion, they’ve used the internet. “You wouldn’t have caught Spartacus rounding up his forces by putting a message on Facebook saying ‘Hi Cum 2 Rome 4 gr8 fite 2 liber8 slaves lets kill emprer lol’”.It doesn’t help that many of the student leaders from the sixties and seventies ended up as ministers or journalists, who try to deny they’ve reneged on their principles by making statements such as: “It’s true I used to run the Campaign to Abolish the British Army, but my recent speech in favour of invading every country in the world in alphabetical order merely places those ideals in a modern setting.”Also it’s become a tougher prospect to rebel as a student, as tuition fees force them to work while they’re studying. But over the last two weeks students have organized occupations in 29 universities, creating the biggest student revolt for 20 years. In Edinburgh, for example, the demands were that free scholarships should be provided for Palestinian students, and the university should immediately cancel its investments with arms companies.So the first question to arise from these demands must be: what are universities doing having links with arms companies in the first place? How does that help education? Do the lecturers make an announcement that, “This year, thanks to British Aerospace, the media studies course has possession of not only the latest digital recording equipment and editing facilities, but also three landmines and a Tornado bomber”?。

08年春季上海外语口译考试高级口译笔译真题_听力原文及部分参考答案

听力原文：Section 1-Spot dictationSpot dictation:Today we will talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children. Children should be discouraged from watching a lot of television. Many experts and parents agree. But there is at least one circumstance when that might be beneficial, muting pain. A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children who viewed cartoons immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers attempted to distract them during the procedure or children whose mothers were at present but did not interact with them.The research led by Carlo Brown MD at the University of Sienna is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. 69 children participated in the study. None received any type of anesthesia. The children and their mothers determine their pain scores. Both the groups whose mothers attempted to distract them form the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported substantially higher pain ratings than the group who watched the cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to tolerate the pain they did experience.One of the possible explanations is that children might have picked up on theirmothers anxiety during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. The higher pain level reported by children during mothers’ efforts at distraction shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively at a difficult moment in their children’s life, the authors write. However, they stress that the mother’s presence still provided benefits, noting that the children would appreciate not being left alone during the procedures. Indeed, children state that having their parent present provides the most comfort when in pain, say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the pleasure of watching TV might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, biochemical compounds produced by the pituitary gland resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might function as natural pain killers. In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should consider allowing children to watch TV during painful procedures to minimize their distress.NewsQ1-5Female: Now let’s turn to eating habits. France is traditionally known as home of the two-hour, sit-down, mid-day meal, but nowadays it’s witnessing a boom in take-out sandwiches. At noon, customers line up outside Paris bakeries, waiting to buy long fan versions of a shrimp salad and fruit sandwich or other delicacies. The variation in eating habits is reflecting a deeper change in French society.Male: Right! It starts with the change in the workforce, so it’s a feminization, white-collarization, if I can say so.Female: The result has been a revolution in one of France’s core industries, the bakery. Formerly, bakeries here offered a limited range of albeit excellent products about four kinds of bread, breakfast, and dessert pastries. Now that’s just the start.Male: Au Pair Gourmet , a bakery on the corner of a market street, is in the ordinary working class area of Paris. It is eight in the morning, and the owner already has the slicer going, cutting bread for lunch sandwiches.Female: Every morning Au Pair Gourmet, with its glass cases stacked full, does so much sandwich business. The owner says she is just responding to the demands. She even tried making a four-course sandwich meal. It was a bit much for people to swallow.Male: Nowadays, people want to eat faster at noon, and leave earlier at the end of the day. Life is changing. We have to keep up. The changes include women making up almost half the labor force now, and men more likely to be working behind a jack hammer, not needing to eat so much.Female: They also have to pick up the children as early as possible from the day care center.Male: So basically, they look for something that’s very close to what is called fast food, and the interesting point is that the supply that has developed goes well beyond your basic MacDonald’s hamburgers.Female: For example. Au Pair Gourmet’s multi-shaped, multi-content sanwiches. They are obviously a hit with the lunch time customers who line up all the way onto the sidewalk. They agree this recent phenomenon is growing. It’s exploding, this kind of eating. Every baker offers sandwiches.Male: Because before it was only with ham and butter, and now we have salad and tomatoes. Because we eat sandwich, but it’s French products in it. Female: French products in it. That may be the key. Instead of being overrun by MacDonald at some field, the French have adapted the idea of fast food and made it their own.Q1: What is the main topic of the conversation?Q2: What is the reason behind the revolution in the bakery industry?Q3: Which of the following statements best describes the fast food supplying in France now?Q4: Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation? Q5: Why are the hamburgers offered by bakery such as “Au Pair Gourmet” so popular now?Q6-10Paris, FranceA 68-year-old man has been arrested in France on suspicion of killing 18 people, most of them gay, prosecutors said today. Nicolas Panard is suspected of killing 11 people in the eastern Alsace region, four in a neighboring region and three in the Paris area, the public prosecutor in the eastern town of Montbeliard said. Panard, who is gay, was arrested in the eastern city of Mulhouse. The murders took place between 1998 and 2006.Tokyo, JapanJapan's Upper House of Parliament voted yesterday to halt the country's air force transport mission in Iraq, intensifying the opposition bloc's standoff with the government over Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.. The opposition-controlled Upper House approved the Democratic Party of Japan's bill to halt the mission in a vote 133-103 during a plenary session. However, the legislation is expected to be voted down when it goes to the more powerful Lower House where the ruling Liberal Democratic Party has enough votes to override the Upper Chamber's decision.United NationsDisaster-prone Bangladesh is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change, which could worsen water scarcity and force mass displacement, the United Nations said on Tuesday. The U.N. Development Program in its latest report warned that climate change will hit the world's poorest countries by breaking down agricultural systems, worsening water scarcity, increasing risksof diseases and triggering mass displacement due to recurring floods and storms. The report said more than 70 million Bangladeshis, 22 million Vietnamese, and 6 million Egyptians could be affected by globalwarming-related flooding.Washington, USUS President George W. Bush invited Israeli and Palestinian leaders to the White House to renew long-stalled peace talks yesterday but faced deep skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office. Bush would bring together Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas one day after a 44-nation conference where both pledged to try to forge a peace treaty by the end of 2008 that would create a Palestinian state. The White House talks were expected to wrap up three days of intense Middle East diplomacy that underscored Bush's aim of achieving in his final 14 months in office what has eluded US administrations for decades.Toronto, CanadaOnline shoppers reached a record this week as Canadian retailers cut prices as much as 60 percent to lure shoppers returning to work after the Thanksgiving holiday. ComScore Inc. said sales on retailers' websites rose 21% to $733 million on Nov. 26, the first Monday after Thanksgiving, as , Best Buy Co. and Circuit City Stores Inc. ran online promotions for high-definition televisions and leather jackets. Shoppers sought bargains in the face of rising gasoline prices and the worst housing slump since at least 1991. Companiescount on November and December for 20% of their profits, and they used lower prices to get consumers into stores and onto websites to start the Canadian holiday shopping season.Question 6: How many people were Nicolas Panard suspected to have killed when he was arrested?Question 7: What did Japan's Upper House of Parliament vote to do yesterday? Question 8: There might be several disastrous consequences due to global climate change. Which of the following is NOT one of these consequences mentioned in the news?Question 9: Why did President Bush invite Israeli and Palestinian leaders to the White House?Question 10: What percentage did sales on retailers' websites increase on Nov. 26, the first Monday after Thanksgiving?Q11-15W: Tomas, because you are a lawyer, I want to get you opinion about crime control, and what I'd like to know is what do you think really works, not for hardened criminals, but for first time offenders?M: Well, you are asking me a pretty complex question. The first step of course is deterrence, to stop people from committing crimes in the first place. Thatinvolves the economy, are there enough jobs for everyone? They should be, and social structure. Are there enough support systems? And so on.W: And what about when people are convicted, and put in Prison?M: Then the goal should be to have rehabilitation programs inside prisons, so that when the person comes out, they don't return to a life of crime. The problem is that recently, the kinds of programs that existed in the past, like education programs and drug treatment programs have been cut. And so convicted criminals are not being rehabilitated.W: Can you explain a little more about these education programs and drug programs?M: Yes, in some states where the drug laws are very harsh, you end up having a lot of people in prisons, who are not the kingpins of drug deals, but who are actually drug addicts. The point is that they need help, that's why there need to be programs that have a psychological component, and an educational component. Because without these programs people don't became rehabilitated. The prisoners have a lot of time on their hands, and a culture developed inside the prison; it takes on a life of its own, and gang start. You see gangs provide a family away from home, but we need to make prison a less repressive experience. Then we also need bridge programs.W: Bridge programs?M: Yes, for when they come out of prison, what is clear statistically is that most criminals are recidivists. That means they are repeated offenders. People go into prison, get out and go right back in again. Bridge programs help with housing and jobs. So that society doesn't look at released prisoners in such a disdainful way. And So that no stigma is attached to them once they reenter society. But unfortunately, there are only a very small number of these programs.Question 11: On what topic is the man being interviewed?Question 12: According to the man, there are several elements which are related to abduction in crime, which of the following is not one of these elements? Question 13: What problem is there inside prisons according to the interview? Question14: Which of the following statements is true about education and drug programs?Question15: According to the man, why is there a need for bridge programs?Q16-20Today let's talk about how to actually get a job. You need to be able to participate well in an interview because in most jobs you'll need to interact with colleagues and clients not only face to face but in telephone conversations too. You'll need to express yourself well and have excellent control of what you want to say and how to say it. These skills are needed more than ever in today's high-pressure world. Each company where you have an interview will expect you to know something about the work they do and have intelligent questionsand comments during the interview. And when they hire you, you will be expected to complete multiple tasks and be willing to move around and work in different areas of the company.Of course, there are also certain technological skills that are expected of people today. Every situation is unique, but let's take as an example a position in an office environment. This type of position requires basic to advanced knowledge of computer applications. You have to know how to write a simple but professional-looking letter and you have to know how to put together a presentation and Microsoft power-point with basic facts and organized data in a spread-sheet program. Advanced users should know how to create and organize a database.If you're looking for any type of administrator of work, you can forget about the good old days of paper calendars, roller desks and file cabinets. Now we have links to digital databases that store all the information that used to be kept on paper, such as appointments, clients, records and other important information. Many departments use spread-sheet programs to keep track of all transactions, costs and profits. These programs are essential to an organization's survival as well as your career's survival.Let's continue with our basic example of a typical job in an office. Now that you know about the skills necessary to be productive in the office of the 21st century, you must have a plan for how to acquire these skills. The first thing you should have in mind is that in the same manner that technology has become a vital part of a modern organization's life, it should also become part of yours. Whenevergiven a chance, you should enhance your key-board skills, E-mail your friends, practice with power-point, try making simple posters to announce an event, like a party or some activity that you and your friends will do together. You can even practice with pre-made data bases, by storing telephone numbers and addresses. The best advice I can give anyone is to play with the computer in your free time and become familiar with its operating system, software and hardware. Try to figure out what each program does and how to use it to your benefit. A computer class, on the level of your expertise, is also recommended to perfect those skills you learned on your own. Learning more advanced functions is highly recommended as well. It's easy to look through books and free editorials found on the Internet. Even office-users can learn how to create professional-looking flyers, business cards and other documents you'll need in the workplace.Q16: What is the main topic of this talk?Q17: Apart from being expected to complete multiple tasks and work in different areas of the company, what other skills are employees expected to have?Q18: If you take a position in an office, which of the following are you supposed to display?Q19: What's the advice the speaker gives at the end of his talk?Q20: Who are the most likely audience for this talk?SECTION 4NTGFI'm Diana Winston, a Cherokee medicine priest. I'd like to say something about the Cherokee beliefs regarding the environment and conservation. Basically Cherokee tradition tells us we are part of the nature and we depend on nature for our life. So we don't compete with it and we are not trying to tame it. We are trying to live with it. It's different from our contemporary view that nature exists for the benefit of people. We believe that we are part of what we call great life. And as part of the great life, we are as important as everything else, but certainly no more important than anything else. And we feel that within the great life, there are what we call the laws of nature. We believe that there are many laws of nature. But there are three great laws of nature. And those are the laws that tell us how we have to live in harmony with everything else.The first law of nature is that you don't take any life without a real reason. And a real reason would be for food, for medicine, for protection. Those would be the reasons for taking life. But basically life is sacred. So we shouldn't kill needlessly. That would absolutely include plants. We believe everything is alive. In fact, we believe stones are alive, trees are alive, plants are alive, animals are obviously alive. And so to us, taking the life of a plant is just as a grave responsibility as taking the life of an animal. And all of those things should be done in a sacred way and in a good way. So for instance, when you go to gather a plant, you don't want to go and say, "wow, here's a whole patch of plants." And go and gather them all. You gather a few and then you gather a few from another spot, leavingthe majority of the plants so that they can grow and continue to provide not only for themselves but for us and for our children and for their children.The second law is that everything we do should serve the great life. Well, what we mean is that we believe that there is one spirit that fills all things: humans, plants, rocks, whatever. And the some and all of that and more is what we call the great life. And so we all are a part of the same great life. And everything we do affects the great life. And everything that happens within the great life affects us. So it's very very important that within the second law of nature that what we do will not harm other parts of the great life. Well, I could give a lot of examples and on a very personal simple level. An example could be for instance. Lots of people might go out and get an electric toothbrush. Uh, maybe it works a little bit better. It certainly easier: the toothbrush does all the work for you. But I have a manual toothbrush and I've used one for my whole life. And it works just fine. To use the electricity necessary to power that electric toothbrush requires coal or nuclear power that harms the air. It harms the water. It harms the great life.The third law basically is that we don' t pollute where we live. And where we live is not just our home. It's not just our intimate small community. It's not just our country. It's this planet. This sacred altar we call the earth. We don't pool chemical waste down the stream because they all wind up in the water. So basically we don't pollute the earth.Well, it might seem a little difficult to live by those three laws today in this industrialized society. But the Cherokee didn't have a problem with plastic. Wedidn't have plastic. We didn't have a lot of the things that exist today. We still have a lot of options. There are small things that each of us can do. Things like recycling. Things like choosing what we buy and buying things carefully. There are other things we can do. Instead of using the car for every short trip to the store, save them up so we use the car as little as possible. We can do things like organic gardening. We can do things to create greater community within our communities. There are a lot of things that we can do to bring these laws into our lives. And alternately our lives really depend on these. The great life can live without us, but we can't live without the great life.句子听译原文和答案：1、The report notes that obesity can lead to potentially fatal health problems including diabetes, stroke and cancer. But unfortunately, the obesity epidemic in America is getting worse.报道指出，肥胖导致的健康问题有可能是致命的，如糖尿病、中风以及癌症。

口译全真模拟试题及答案

口译全真模拟试题及答案一、听力理解（共10分）1. 根据所听内容，选择正确的答案。

A. 会议将在下午3点开始。

B. 会议将在下午2点开始。

C. 会议将在下午4点开始。

听录音材料后，正确答案为：B。

2. 根据对话，下列哪项是会议讨论的主题？A. 环境保护B. 经济发展C. 教育改革听录音材料后，正确答案为：A。

二、短句翻译（共20分）1. 请将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。

- 中文：我们公司致力于提供高质量的服务。

- 英文：Our company is committed to providing high-quality services.2. 请将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

- 英文：The project is expected to be completed by the end of this year.- 中文：该项目预计将在今年年底完成。

三、段落翻译（共30分）请将以下段落从中文翻译成英文，并确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。

- 中文：随着全球化的不断推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

掌握一门外语，不仅能够拓宽个人视野，还能促进不同文化之间的理解和交流。

- 英文：With the continuous advancement of globalization,cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important. Mastering a foreign language not only broadensone's horizons but also promotes understanding and communication between different cultures.四、角色扮演（共20分）1. 假设你是一家公司的公关代表，需要向外国客户介绍公司的产品。

请准备一段介绍词，并在模拟对话中使用。

- 介绍词示例：尊敬的客户，您好。

09年八级口译试题

• I know that it is not always easy to host foreign teachers, because we’re strangers in China, we inevitably wind up creating a lot of extra work for all of you. • 我知道招待外籍教师并不是件容易的事情，因为我们对中国一点都不熟悉，难免让你们所有人做很多额外的工作。 • Wind up: 最终达到
• 其中一个重要的因素是北京利用了奥运的筹办之机，加大了产业结构的调整。 • One of the important factors is that Beijing has taken good advantage of the preparation for the Olympic Games and speeded up/strengthened the adjustment of its industrial structure.
• 北京 2001 年人均 GDP 只有 3262 美元，到 2007 年已经达到了 7654美元，到2008年年底预计将超过人均8000美元。 • In 2001, the per capita GDP of Beijing was just 3262 US dollars, while in 2007 it amounts to 7654 dollars. What’s more, it is expected to exceed 8000 dollars by the end of 2008.
• Then, as the semester starts, you have to answer endless questions about our courses and how we fit into the educational program here, questions that Chinese teachers wouldn’t need to ask. • 然后，新学期开始，你们需要回答有关我们的课程以及我们如何才能融入到这里的教育程序中的无休无止的问题，这些问题中国教师都是无需要问的。

英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试

英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试昂立模拟考试(2009年3月)参考答案SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation本项共30分，每格1.5分1. guide you through your studies 11. a good selection of stationery2. cooperative approach 12. at times specified3. specialist assistance and courses 13. weary from study4. numeracy skills 14. recreational activities5. as to which course to follow 15. sporting activities6. the individual 16. debating society7. suit your circumstances 17. always welcome8. your previous experience 18. practical or personal difficulties9. relaxed and friendly atmosphere 19. financial or personal nature10. a wide range of books 20. in touch withPart B: Listening Comprehension本项共20分，每格1分1. D2. A3. D4. D5. B6.B7.A8.D9.C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. BSECTION 2: READING TEST本项共50分，每空格2.5分1. D2. C3. B4. B5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. DB17. C 18. BC19. A 20. BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST 本项50分当下主导着本次大选的焦点令人忧心忡忡：如何恢复美国经济及其国际声誉。

翻译资格高级口译考试练习题(1).doc

2019年翻译资格高级口译考试练习题（1）1. 我公司是一家集生产、销售、贸易于一体的女装企业。

Our company is engaged in/undertakes/runs/is occupied in/works on the production, sale, trade of female dress/clothing.2. 我们十分重视员工的培养，并未他们提供良好的福利。

We emphasize/lay great emphasis on/attach importance to/pay attention to/give priority to the development of staff and good welfare. Prioritization of education3. 以前我们比较注重一个人的专业知识，现在我们更注重人的综合素质。

We paid attention to ones professional knowledge/expertise and we attach more importance to ones comprehensive/overall quality.4. 公司自成立以来，规模不断扩大。

Increase/grow/expand enlargeSince the establishment of the company, it keeps growing in its scale.5. 工厂占地面积6万平方米，员工2000人。

Has/holdThe factory covers an area of 60,000 square meters with 2000 staff.6. 公司的年销售额突破5亿元，比去年增长了10%。

Quarterly yearly/annual monthly daily /exceed/surpass/ is more than The annual sales amount/volume surpasses/exceeds 0.5 billionRMB, a 10% increase over that of last year.7. 我们采取各种激励措施，调动了员工的积极性，提高了生产率。

翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题

翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题想要顺利通过高级口译，平时需多加练习，给大家带来翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题，希望对大家有所帮助。

下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题Crime control is a pretty complex question, the first step, of course, is deterrence to stop people from committing crime in the first place. That involves the economy. Are there enough jobs for everyone? There should be. And social structure, are there enough support system? And so on. When people are convicted, and put in prison, then the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons. So th ey want person comes out, they don’t return to a life of crime. If the education program and drug treatment program have been cut, convicted criminals are not being reformed.译文：如何控制犯罪率是一个十分复杂的问题。

首先，当然要防止犯罪行为的发生。

包括从经济方面来说，是否有足够的工作提供给所有人?这个是应该要保证的;从社会机构来说，是否有足够的社会保障体系?等等。

而一旦人们犯了罪，被关进监狱了，那么监狱里就需要有改造计划，可以让这些人出狱之后，不再回到犯罪生涯。

2008年春季英语高级口译考试真题

致力于打造国内最大的在线英语学习平台： /ielts/xd.html洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务08年春季上海外语口译考试高级口译笔译真题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______(11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18).In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL Y ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1.(A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2.(A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3.(A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4.(A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5.(A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6.(A) Three.(B) Four.(C) Eleven.(D) Eighteen7.(A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8.(A) Worsening water scarcity.(B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement.(D) Reducing the population in Asia.9.(A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10.(A) 60%.(B) 26%.(C) 21%.(D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.(A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务12.(A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13.(A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14.(A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15.(A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16.(A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17.(A) Managerial.(B) Technological.(C) Financial.(D) Social.18.(A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19.(A) To create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20.(A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff.SECTION 2: READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease-poverty, poor sanitation and infection-to tackle the "causes of the causes" -the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005.Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectious disease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries and the poorest countries.(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the rich and the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3.According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy4.Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5.What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poor countries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap. Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago-and strengthened incentives and penalties last month-interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs-plants and equipment-are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates-up or down-a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills-something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and even environmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6.What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务7.Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression"to stand tradition on its head" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition.(B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition.(D) To integrate tradition.8.In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to the practice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9.According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment, such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10.All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT ______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture-from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie-TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.-see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!-while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill. "But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk-not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs-though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley-formerly of St. Elsewhere-notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in." Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge-for viewers as well as programmers-is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants-though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11.Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywoodwill be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12.By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para. 4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative(B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative(D) subjective and passionate13.Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14.Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives." (para.5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15.It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of _______.(A) commodity exhibition(B) display of products(C) indirect advertising(D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire-blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand洛基国际英语，竭诚为您服务。

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年9月

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年9月一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。

Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）第1题Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.In general, investment in the United States will be in the form of a subsidiary. It is possible for a non-U. S. corporation to operate a branch office in the United States, but there are significant disadvantages to a branch, particularly with respect to its tax treatment.Branches of non-U. S. corporations are not subject to federal regulation or registration requirements. However, each state will require a "foreign" corporation to "qualify" before "doing business" in that state.A corporation will be considered "foreign" if it is organized under the laws of another country or another state, and so this is not a requirement imposed only on non-U. S. investors."Doing business" is a technical term that implies a substantial presence in the state. This would include the ownership or leasing of real property, the maintenance of a stock of goods for local sale, employees and the like. Selling products to local customers, either directly or through an independent sales representative or distributor, would not in itself constitute "doing business".The states actually exercise little control over the qualification process other than to ensure that the qualifying entity's name is not confusingly similar to an already registered entity and that all registration fees and taxes are paid (qualification is basically a form of taxation). In most states, qualification for a non-U. S. corporation consists of a relatively easy application, a registration fee, and a notarized or legalized copy of the corporation's articles of incorporation (in English or a certified translation).【正确答案】：答案:在美国投资一般是以子公司的形式。

上海高级口译试题及答案

上海高级口译试题及答案一、听力理解1. 请根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。

A. 会议将在下午三点开始。

B. 会议将在下午四点开始。

C. 会议将在下午五点开始。

D. 会议将在下午六点开始。

答案：B2. 根据对话内容，下列哪项是正确的？A. 他们计划去看电影。

B. 他们计划去购物。

C. 他们计划去公园。

D. 他们计划去餐厅。

答案：A二、口语表达1. 请用英语描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释原因。

答案：My favorite season is autumn. The weather is cool and crisp, and the leaves change into beautiful colors.2. 请用英语讲述一次你在国外旅行的经历。

答案：During my trip to Paris, I visited the Eiffel Tower and enjoyed the stunning view of the city from the top.三、阅读理解1. 阅读以下段落，并回答问题：What is the main idea of the passage?答案：The main idea of the passage is the importance of environmental conservation.2. 根据文章内容，下列哪项是作者的观点？A. 人们应该减少使用塑料。

B. 人们应该增加使用塑料。

C. 塑料对环境没有影响。

D. 塑料是不可替代的。

答案：A四、翻译1. 将下列句子从英语翻译成中文："In order to achieve success, one must be willing to work hard and persevere."答案：为了取得成功，一个人必须愿意努力工作并坚持不懈。

2. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英语：“随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。

春季上海外语口译考试高级口译笔译真题

春季上海外语口译考试高级口译笔译真题08年春季上海外语口译考试高级口译笔译真题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers_______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood,_______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors. Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18). In any case, the study results suggest that health workersshould _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1.(A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2.(A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3.(A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4.(A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5.(A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6.(A) Three.(B) Four.(C) Eleven.(D) Eighteen7.(A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missionsabroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8.(A) Worsening water scarcity.(B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement.(D) Reducing the population in Asia.9.(A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10.(A) 60%.(B) 26%.(C) 21%.(D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.(A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.12.(A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13.(A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14.(A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15.(A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16.(A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17.(A) Managerial.(B) Technological.(C) Financial.(D) Social.18.(A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19.(A) To create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20.(A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff. SECTION 2: READING TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease-poverty, poor sanitation and infection-to tackle the "causes of the causes" -the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission,who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectious disease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income andhigh-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries and the poorest countries. (D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the rich and the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome"_______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3.According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome_______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy4.Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5.What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poor countries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this." Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago-and strengthened incentives and penalties last month-interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decouplingproposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs-plants and equipment-are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates-up or down-a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energybills-something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs.Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and even environmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6.What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electricdemand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.7.Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on its head" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition.(B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition.(D) To integrate tradition.8.In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to the practice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9.According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment, such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10.All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT ______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have aboutenergy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture-from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie-TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going tomelt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.-see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!-while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president EileenO'Neill. "But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves." Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular,energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young andwell-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk-not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs-though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley-formerly of St.Elsewhere-notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge-for viewers as well as programmers-is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants-though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11.Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywoodwill be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12.By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para.4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative(B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative(D) subjective and passionate13.Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14.Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives." (para. 5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15.It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of _______.(A) commodity exhibition(B) display of products(C) indirect advertising(D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire-blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very belief in the freedom that it had preached. After the victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, independence movements across the red-painted sections of the world map, and Britain's own urgent domestic priorities, meant that the Empire was doomed.The moustache too was in terminal decline. "It had become a joke thanks to Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx. It had become an international symbol of 'villainy' thanks to Hitler's toothbrush, writes Dr Brendon. In Britain it was also synonymous with the "Colonel Blimps" clinging to an outmoded idea of colonial greatness.In Eden's faint moustache Britain's diminished international status found a fitting symbol. It all but disappeared on TV and, moments before his broadcast on the eve of the fateful occupation of the Suez Canal in 1956, his wife had to blacken the bristles with mascara. His successor, Harold Macmillan, was the last British Prime Minister to furnish his upper lip. Harold Wilson, the self-styled man of the people, had been clean shaven since the 1940s, Dr Brendon notes. "He obviously believed that the white hot technological revolution was not to be operated with a moustache."16.It can be concluded from the passage that the British moustache _______.(A) has been well documented in the history of the British Empire(B) has long been considered significant in the formation and expansion of the British Empire(C) has often been ridiculed in the colonial history of the United Kingdom(D) has long been ignored and considered insignificant in the making of the British Empire17.The word "virility" in the sentence "that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples" (para. 2)。

口译模拟题1-5参考译文

口译模拟考试题（1）Part 1A:现在越来越多的人空闲时去练瑜伽。

你能告诉我瑜伽到底是什么吗？B：A：“瑜伽”从印度演化而来，那这个词是不是有特殊的含义呢？B：Yes. It is a Sanskrit word for “union”, meaning an experience of oness or union with your inner being (self).A:练瑜伽有什么好处呢？B：Yoga can be practiced by anyone,at any age.It develops flexibility and muscular endurance and, like many of the martial arts, incorporates techniques to relieve stress and bring the mind and body into harmony.It is aimed at the ultimate physical health and happiness,together with mental peace and tranquility.A:听说瑜伽有不同的形式。

你能否说说它们有什么区别呢？B：Eastern yogis believe that physical exercises are simply a stepping stone to higher paths and that working only on the body is a waste of time as the body is mortal whereas the soul is immortal.A:可以去哪里练习瑜伽呢？B：Many people learn Yoga by attending classes;however,videos and books teaching Yoga are also popular. As with all exercises, technique is very important and for this reason it is advisable for beginners to seek out a reputable teacher.A:非常感谢你的建议。

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年3月

上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年3月一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。

Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）第1题Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.What today's global market economy teaches many of us who are involved in political life is that even when they are inconvenient, the laws of economies, like the laws of physics, cannot be repealed for the convenience of governments. The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state. There is a paradox in all our countries. Just as a new global economy creates more to look forward to than ever before, it also brings more uncertainty and more change to worry about than ever before.That is why the challenge of crafting economy policy in your country as in mine is one of balance. A balance between moving toward necessary objectives and maintaining stability. A balance between responding to global realities and upholding domestic traditions. And a balance between the virtues of competition as the best known motivator and driver of success, and the importance of cohesion and cooperation as sources of strength for our societies. These balances will have to be struck and calibrated every year in every country in this new global economy. If one looks at the success over the long term of the economy in any developed country, more than any scientific innovation, what has been important is a potent social innovation. This is what one might call the intangible infrastructure of a modern market economy.【正确答案】：答案:当今全球市场经济教给我们许多从政者的道理是，经济学法则如同物理法则一样，即使会带来诸多不便，也不能为了政府的便宜行事而取消。

上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题2008年9月_真题-无答案

上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题2008年9月(总分5,考试时间90分钟)一、口语题Directions:Talk on the following topic for 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is... ," "My registration number is... "1. Topic: Can cyberlove (romance on the Internet) become a sort of real life experience? Questions for Reference :1. Tell a cyberlove story you have ever heard of or read about anywhere.2. "Cyberlove can be a real love in the IT age." Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.3. Suppose that you got involved in cyberlove, what might be your attitude?4. What effects will cyberlove exert on our society? Cite examples to illustrate your points.二、口译题Part ADirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let"s begin Part A with the first passage.【点此下载音频文件】1. Passage 12. Passage 2Part BDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal.., you may take notes while you"re listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONL Y ONCE. Now, let"s begin Part B with the first passage.【点此下载音频文件】1. Passage 12. Passage 2。

翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷

翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷Part A: Spot DictationDirection: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER __. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Most “unassertive" people are not confident and take no for an answer much too easily. There is a growing awareness in our society that this tendency ________ (1) the rights of large numbers of people. For example, in recent years there has been an upsurge in ________ (2) and pressure groups. This is a ________ (3) as there will always be a need for such organizations to ________ (4) individuals and minorities in a competitive society. The danger is that we ________ (5) for our rights and lose the art of asserting ourselves. It is better for ________ (6) with other people if you can learn ________ (7) for yourself.Now, we have to learn to ignore some of the ________ (8) that may be ringing in our unconscious minds, such as: "If you ask once more, I'll flatten you", and" ________ (9)".The main technique that we use in ________ (10) to practice the art of persistence is called Broken Record. ________ (11) we hear one sentenceover and over again until we reach screaming pitch and ________ (12).Broken Record is the skill of being able to repeat over and over again, ________ (13), what it is you want or need, until the other person gives in or ________ (14).Now, this technique is extremely useful for dealing with situations where your rights are clearly________ (15), or coping with situations where you are likely to be diverted by clever, ________ (16).The beauty of using Broken Record is that you________ (17) because you know exactly what you are going to say, however________ (18) the other person tries to be.As with most assertive techniques, it must be used appropriately. It is ________ (19) and is not designed to foster deep, interesting conversations and friendships with people! It is primarily of use in situations where________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER __.翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷__ 2: __ TESTDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER __.Questions 1-5When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr. Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin—the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "Smiley—An American Icon" opens to thepublic Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass.Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Under the guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy banks and coin purses. Old photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper.By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with "Have a happy day." "In the 1970s, there was a trend toward happiness," says Wallace. "We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for [tokens of] happiness. [The Spain brothers] ran with it."The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to promote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmileyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971.Loufrani's actions irked Ball, who felt that such a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be "World Smile Day" to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2022年.The Worcester exhibit opens on "World Smile Day", Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandise—from the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seat—and contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11.1. According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum ______.(A) concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented(B) has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition(C) treats Smiley Face as the other famous commercial firsts the city has produced(D) has organized the exhibit to arouse the Americans' patriotism2. When the author used the expression "spread like drifting pollen "(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that ________.(A) Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button(B) the Smiley Face was immediately accepted by the public(C) the button was not sold as an ordinary commercial product(D) Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?(A) To have a review of the contemporary American history.(B) To remind people that we should never forget the past.(C) To explain why Americans liked the Smiley Face during that period.(D) To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin.4. In the expression "Loufrani's actions irked Ball" (para.7), the word "irked" can best be replaced by ______.(A) perplexed(B) provoked(C) irritated(D) challenged5. Which of the following is NOT true about the "World Smile Day"?(A) It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball.(B) It was to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need.(C) It was declared by Harvey Ball in 1999.(D) It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year.翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷__ 3: __TION TESTDirection: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER __.Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to management.In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerateswere the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Druckers, "and we will pay a heavy price for it."翻译考试高级口笔译考试模拟试卷Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER __.Questions 1-5When Harvey Ball took a black felt-tip pen to a piece of yellow paper in 1963, he never could have realized that he was drafting the face that would launch 50 million buttons and an eventual war over copyright. Mr.Ball, a commercial artist, was simply filling a request from Joy Young of the Worcester Mutual Insurance Company to create an image for their "smile campaign" to coach employees to be more congenial in their customer relations. It seems there was a hunger for a bright grin―the original order of 100 smiley-face buttons were snatched up and an order for 10,000 more was placed at once.The Worcester Historical Museum takes this founding moment seriously. "Just as you'd want to know the biography of General Washington, we realized we didn't know the comprehensive history of the Smiley Face," says Bill Wallace, the executive director of the historical museum where the exhibit "Smiley―An American Icon" opens to the public Oct. 6 in Worcester, Mass.Worcester, often referred to by neighboring Bostonians as "that manufacturing town off Route 90," lays claim to several other famous commercial firsts, the monkey wrench and shredded wheat among them. Smiley Face is a particularly warm spot in the city's history. Through a careful historical analysis, Mr. Wallace says that while the Smiley Face birthplace is undisputed, it took several phases of distribution before the distinctive rounded-tipped smile with one eye slightly larger than the other proliferated in the mainstream.As the original buttons spread like drifting pollen with no copyright attached, a bank in Seattle next realized its commercial potential. Underthe guidance of advertising executive David Stern, the University Federal Savings Loan launched a very public marketing campaign in 1967 centered on the Smiley Face. It eventually distributed 150,000 buttons along with piggy banks and coin purses. Old photos of the bank show giant Smiley Face wallpaper.By 1970, Murray and Bernard Spain, brothers who owned a card shop in Philadelphia, were affixing the yellow grin to everything from key chains to cookie jars along with "Have a happy day." "In the 1970s, there was a trend toward happiness," says Wallace. "We had assassinated a president, we were in a war with Vietnam, and people were looking for [tokens of] happiness. [The Spain brothers] ran with it."The Smiley Face resurged in the 1990s. This time it was fanned by a legal dispute between Wal-Mart, who uses it to promote its low prices, and Franklin Loufrani, a Frenchman who owns a company called SmileyWorld. Mr. Loufrani says he created the Smiley Face and has trademarked it around the world. He has been distributing its image in 80 countries since 1971.Loufrani's actions irked Ball, who felt that such a universal symbol should remain in the public domain in perpetuity. So in a pleasant proactive move, Ball declared in 1999 that the first Friday in October would be "World Smile Day" to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need. Ball died in 2022年.The Worcester exhibit opens on "World Smile Day", Oct. 6. It features a plethora of Smiley Face merchandise―from the original Ball buttons to plastic purses and a toilet seat―and contemporary interpretations by local artists. The exhibit is scheduled to run through Feb. 11.1. According to the passage, the Worcester Historical Museum ______.(A) concentrates on the collection of the most famous commercial firsts the city has invented(B) has composed a comprehensive history of the Smiley Face through the exhibition(C) treats Smiley Face as the other famous commercial firsts the city has produced(D) has organized the exhibit to arouse the Americans' patriotism2. When the author used the expression "spread like drifting pollen "(para.4) to describe the gradual distribution of Smiley Face, he implies that ________.(A) Harvey Ball did not claim the copyright of the yellow grin button(B) the Smiley Face was immediately accepted by the public(C) the button was not sold as an ordinary commercial product(D) Harvey Ball had the intention to abandon the copyright of Smiley Face3. Why did Bill Wallace mention the assassination of the then American president and the Vietnam War in the 1970s?(A) To have a review of the contemporary American history.(B) To remind people that we should never forget the past.(C) To explain why Americans liked the Smiley Face during that period.(D) To show how the Spain brothers made a fortune through selling the yellow grin.4. In the expression "Loufrani's actions irked Ball" (para.7), the word "irked" can best be replaced by ______.(A) perplexed(B) provoked(C) irritated(D) challenged5. Which of the following is NOT true about the "World Smile Day"?(A) It was established to commemorate the founder Harvey Ball.(B) It was to promote general kindness and charity toward children in need.(C) It was declared by Harvey Ball in 1999.(D) It was decided to be held on the first Friday in October each year.。

2023年高级英语口译考试模拟题(共30题)

2023年高级英语口译考试模拟题(共30题)一、听力理解（共5题，每题3分，共计15分）1. (B)2. (C)3. (A)4. (C)5. (B)二、英译汉（共5题，每题3分，共计15分）2. The government has implemented a series of measures to stimulate economic growth.3. The conference aims to promote cultural exchange and understanding between different countries.三、汉译英（共5题，每题3分，共计15分）1. 最近几年，中国的经济发展迅速，成为全球经济的重要推动力量。

2. 这个项目的成功得益于团队的协作和高效的沟通。

3. 研究外语不仅可以拓宽视野，还有助于促进不同国家之间的文化交流。

4. 过去几年里，中国的科技创新取得了巨大的成就。

5. 环境污染已经成为一个全球性的问题，需要采取紧急措施来解决。

四、口译（共5题，每题6分，共计30分）1. A: Could you please introduce yourself briefly?B: My name is John Smith, and I'm a lawyer specializing in international trade law.A: How long have you been practicing law?B: I have been practicing law for over 10 years now.B: I have always been passionate about advocating for justice and protecting the rights of individuals and businesses.2. A: Can you explain the concept of intellectual property rights?B: Intellectual property rights refer to the legal rights granted to individuals or organizations for their creations or inventions.A: What are some examples of intellectual property?B: Examples include patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets.A: How do intellectual property rights protect creators and innovators?B: These rights provide exclusive control over the use and exploitation of the creations or inventions, ensuring that the creators or innovators can benefit from their work.4. A: How does international trade contribute to economic growth?B: International trade facilitates the exchange of goods and services between countries, promoting economic specialization, increasing productivity, and stimulating overall economic growth.A: Are there any potential drawbacks of international trade?B: Yes, international trade can lead to job displacement in certain industries and can also result in trade imbalances and dependence on foreign markets.A: How can governments ensure that international trade benefits their economies?5. A: What are some key principles of contract law?B: Some key principles of contract law include offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, and capacity to enter into a contract.A: What is the significance of these principles?B: These principles ensure that contracts are legally binding and enforceable, providing certainty and protection for parties involved.A: Can you explain the concept of breach of contract?B: A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfill their obligations as stated in the contract without a valid reason.A: What remedies are available for a party affected by a breach of contract?B: Remedies may include monetary damages, specific performance, or cancellation and restitution, depending on the circumstances.五、综合题（共10题，每题3分，共计30分）1. (C)2. (A)3. (B)4. (D)5. (A)6. (C)7. (D)8. (B)9. (D)10. (A)总分：125分。

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上半场三个部分，依次是：第一部分：听力第二部分：阅读第三部分：翻译上半场考试时间为90分钟。

上半场考试结束后休息10分钟再进行下半场考试。

答案一律写在答卷上，写在试卷上无效，但考生可根据需要在试卷上作任何记号。

上海英语高级口译证书第一阶段考试（上）昂立模拟考试(2009年8月)试卷一TEST BOOK1SECTION1:LISTENING TEST(30MINUTES)Part A:Spot DictationIn this part of the test,you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Technological progress brings about changes in etiquette.Books on good manners do not always take note of this,but life itself________(1)into being.The elevator may not be a recent invention,but it is________(2).Not long ago,I started living in a building with an elevator and it was some time before I ________(3)to it.The first and most key principle is not to catch the eye on any the passengers or even________(4).Thanks to that,everybody in the building is________(5)the state of their neighbors’footwear.They stare at the boots,pumps,sneakers and moccasins but they________(6).They do not, for example,say that your shoes are so shiny.Instead of looking at boots,it is also possible to________(7).I already know by heart all the rules displayed on the notice telling us how to use a passenger elevator.I know________(8). What is more,if I were woken in the middle of the night I could________(9)thanks to which I can ride the elevator,and all its telephone numbers.Sometimes there is a________(10)on the elevator floor.Everyone immediately________ (11)on this paper,examines it,inspects it but nobody picks it up.At the beginning of my elevator travels I used to wonder why,________(12)when you go out,you say“thank you”—that is,if________(13).Thank you for what?For having a good look at my boots?For our________(14)that the maximum permitted weight is600kg?Or maybe for the discreet whiff of beer emanating from a passenger?Crucially,the thank you is said almost________(15)and as quietly as possible.I therefore never know if people going out are________(16),thanking me or demanding to know the square root of________(17).Clearly,the elevator is________(18)and anyone installing a camera in one and recording the behavior of the passengers would amass________(19)interesting material about our species.Because having the elevator to oneself,now that is________(20).Part B:Listening ComprehensionIn this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one,you will be asked some questions.The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE.Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1to5are based on the following conversation.1.(A)It is a fine art for adults.(B)It is a sculpture for adults.(C)It is a kind of brick for kids.(D)It is a museum for kids.2.(A)He plays with something that every child plays with.(B)He plays with Legos as a fine art.(C)He is a man with creativity.(D)He is a kid who played with Lego growing up.3.(A)It depends on how inspired the man is.(B)It depends on how many bricks the man uses.(C)It takes couple of days.(D)It takes couple of hours.4.(A)They want to learn how to use Legos to create art.(B)They want to hook up with the Lego company.(C)They want to play with the Legos on show.(D)They want to go to the new summer tour.5.(A)The man was a lawyer.(B)The man is using something that every child plays with.(C)The man’s parents were very accommodating.(D)The man E-mailed the Lego employees to say he loves their work.Questions6to10are based on the following news.6.(A)direct mail service(B)fighting drug trafficking(C)hurricane disaster relief(D)visit of US Secretary of State7.(A)70,000(B)250,000(C)500,000(D)1,000,0008.(A)reaching a deal with bondholders(B)expanding its global businesses(C)paying back loans from Germany(D)cutting back more labor forces9.(A)upholding the ruling of the supreme court(B)putting a new initiative before voters(C)protesting against same-sex weddings(D)supporting gay marriage10.(A)an Air France jet crashed with a Brazilian military plane(B)a strip of debris went missing in stormy weather(C)the wreckage of an Air France jet was found(D)rescue work for survivors was suspendedQuestions11to15are based on the following interview.11.(A)to buy the gift card that person will use quickly(B)not to buy gift card that has monthly fees or that will expire later on(C)to buy a gift card that's tamper-proof(D)not to buy a card with its card number exposed12.(A)It means the security code on the back has that masking that has to be scratched up,hasn't been tampered with.(B)It means the back of the card should be masked with the card number.(C)It means it can prevent a thief from writing down the number,and try to steal the moneyoff.(D)It means the security code on the back has been scratched up.13.(A)Go to your merchant's website,and find the promotions there.(B)Check out quickly and search for anther merchant’s website for promotions.(C)Go to Google for example,type in the kind of promotional codes you want,and then hitthe search.(D)Don’t check out yet and go to websites like ,go and print on their websiteprintable coupons.14.(A)Drugstore coupon(B)(C)(D)fatwallet15.(A)You don’t buy gift card that has monthly fees or that will expire later on.(B)You may save up to50%with promotional codes.(C)You can only use the coupon to buy items when you’re online.(D)The woman saved a lot of money by using coupons the other day.Questions16to20are based on the following talk.16.(A)Two(B)Six(C)Eight(D)Ten17.(A)Because the dean of Durham University's business school in the UK,Tony Antoniou,plagiarized academic work20years earlier(B)Because for many,the purpose of attending business school is not to receive an academiceducation,but to get a job(C)Because business schools no longer strain for academic respectability(D)Because academic values of integrity and honesty is not important18.(A)Cutting and pasting from the internet(B)Using a few sentences from multiple sources,without verbatim or paraphrasing(C)Collaborating with each other in paper writing according to a teacher’s requirement(D)Collaborating with each other in paper writing,although the teacher require individualwork19.(A)By allowing collaborative work among students(B)By delegating policing to faculty(C)By putting it in the hands of students and enforcing a strict honour code(D)By offering courses on codes of behavior20.(A)The dean of Durham University's business school in the UK,Tony Antoniou,was firedfor having plagiarized academic work20years earlier.(B)Some studies indicate that MBA students actually become more ethical over the courseof their education.(C)Cutting and pasting from the internet is considered as plagiarism.(D)Students argue that collaboration is simply a skill they need to acquire to get a good joband advance.SECTION2:READING TEST(30minutes)In this section you will read several passages.Each one is followed by several questions about it.You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1-5The world's tallest building is now in Dubai rather than New York.Its largest shopping mall is in Beijing,and its biggest Ferris wheel in Singapore.Once-mighty General Motors is suspended in a limbo between bail-out and bankruptcy;and the"war on terror"has demonstrated the limits of American military might.But in one area America is going from strength to strength—the incarceration of its population.America has less than5%of the world's people but almost25%of its prisoners.It imprisons756people per100,000residents,a rate nearly five times the world average.About one in every31adults is either in prison or on parole.Black men have a one-in-three chance of being imprisoned at some point in their lives."A Leviathan unmatched in human history",is how Glenn Loury,professor of social studies at Brown University,characterizes America's prison system.Conditions in the Leviathan's belly can be brutal.More than20%of inmates report that they have been sexually assaulted by guards or fellow inmates.Federal prisons are operating at more than130%of capacity.A sixth of prisoners suffer from mental illness of one sort or another. There are four times as many mentally ill people in prison as in mental hospitals.As well as being brutal,prisons are ineffective.They may keep offenders off the streets,but they fail to discourage them from offending.Two-thirds of ex-prisoners are re-arrested within three years of being released.The punishment extends to prisoners'families,too.America's1.7m "prison orphans"are six times more likely than their peers to end up in prison themselves.The punishment also sometimes continues after prisoners are released.America is one of only a handful of countries that bar prisoners from voting,and in some states that ban is lifelong:2%of American adults and14%of black men are disfranchised because of criminal convictions.It is possible to pick holes in these figures.Some of the world’s most repressive regimes do not own up to their addiction to imprisonment(does anyone really believe that Cuba imprisons only five in every1,000of its citizens?).No sane person would rather be locked up in Russia than in America.A country as large and diverse as America boasts plenty of model prisons and exemplary training programmes.But all that said,the conclusion remains stark:America’s incarceration habit is a disgrace,wasting resources at home and damaging the country abroad.Few mainstream politicians have had the courage to denounce any of this.People who embrace prison reform usually end up in the political graveyard.There is no organized lobby for prison reform.The press ignores the subject.And those who have first-hand experience of the system's failures—prisoners and ex-prisoners—may have no right to vote.Which makes Jim Webb all the more remarkable.Mr.Webb is far from being a lion of the Senate,roaring from the comfort of a safe seat.He is a first-term senator for Virginia who barely squeaked into Congress.The state he represents also has a long history of being tough on crime: Virginia abolished parole in1994and is second only to Texas in the number of people it executes.But Mr.Webb is now America's leading advocate of prison reform.He has co-sponsored a bill to create a blue-ribbon commission to report on America's prisons.And he has spoken out in every possible venue,from the Senate to local political meetings.Mr.Webb is not content with incremental reform.He is willing to tackle what he calls"the elephant in the bedroom"—America's willingness to imprison people for drug offences.1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A)Compared with other economies,the United States is now facing huge economicchallenge.(B)African Americans are more likely to be imprisoned than other ethnic minorities in theStates.(C)America's prison system favors incarceration.(D)There are much more prisoners in the U.S.than in other countries in the world.2.What's the equivalent meaning of the word"Leviathan"in the sentence"A Leviathanunmatched in human history"(Para.2)?(A)a powerful person(B)a institution or organization(C)a monster living in the sea(D)an astonishing figure3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(A)Around20%of prisoners have been sexually assaulted by guards or inmates.(B)The figure of mentally ill prisoners is almost the same as the number of patients in mentalhospitals.(C)Federal jails are overloaded.(D)The likelihood of orphans'coming to prison is greater than those with parents.4.What does"this"in"Few mainstream politicians have had the courage to denounce any ofthis"in para.5refer to?(A)America is one of only a handful of countries that bar prisoners from voting.(B)2%of American adults and14%of black men are deprived the right to vote.(C)America’s incarceration habit is a disgrace,wasting resources at home and damaging thecountry abroad.(D)Prisons are both brutal and ineffective.5.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs about Jim Webb?(A)He used to be a supporter of prison reform.(B)He was a popular figure in the Congress.(C)His state doesn't favor death sentence.(D)He now spares no efforts in support prison reform.Questions6-10That the children of the poor underachieve in later life,and thus remain poor themselves,is one of the enduring problems of society.Sociologists have studied and described it.Socialists have tried to abolish it by dictatorship and central planning.Liberals have preferred democracy and opportunity.But nobody has truly understood what causes it.Until,perhaps,now.The crucial breakthrough was made three years ago,when Martha Farah of the University of Pennsylvania showed that the working memories of children who have been raised in poverty have smaller capacities than those of middle-class children.Working memory is the ability to hold bits of information in the brain for current use—the digits of a phone number,for example.It is crucial for comprehending languages,for reading and for solving problems.Entry into the working memory is also a prerequisite for something to be learnt permanently as part of declarative memory—the stuff a person knows explicitly,like the dates of famous battles,rather than what he knows implicitly,like how to ride a bicycle.Since Dr Farah's discovery,Gary Evans and Michelle Schamberg of Cornell University havestudied the phenomenon in more detail.As they report in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,they have found that the reduced capacity of the memories of the poor is almost certainly the result of stress affecting the way that childish brains develop.Dr Evans's and Dr Schamberg's volunteers were195participants in a long-term sociological and medical study that Dr Evans is carrying out in New York State.At the time,the participants were17years old.All are white,and the numbers of men and women are about equal.To measure the amount of stress an individual had suffered over the course of his life,the two researchers used an index known as allostatic load.This is a combination of the values of six variables:diastolic and systolic blood pressure;the concentrations of three stress-related hormones;and the body-mass index,a measure of obesity.For all six,a higher value indicates a more stressful life;and for all six,the values were higher,on average,in poor children than in those who were middle class.Moreover,because Dr Evans’s wider study had followed the participants from birth,the two researchers were able to estimate Panos what proportion of each child’s life had been spent in poverty.That more precise figure,too,was correlated with the allostatic load.The capacity of a17-year-old’s working memory was also correlated with allostatic load. Those who had spent their whole lives in poverty could hold an average of8.5items in their memory at any time.Those brought up in a middle-class family could manage9.4,and those whose economic and social experiences had been mixed were in the middle.These two correlations do not by themselves prove that chronic stress damages the memory, but Dr Evans and Dr Schamberg then applied a statistical technique called hierarchical regression to the results.They were able to use this to remove the effect of allostatic load on the relationship between poverty and memory discovered originally by Dr Farah.When they did so,that relationship disappeared.In other words,the diminution of memory in the poorer members of their study was entirely explained by stress,rather than by any more general aspect of poverty.To confirm this result,the researchers also looked at characteristics such as each participant’s birthweight,his mother’s age when she gave birth,the mother’s level of education and her marital status,all of which differ,on average,between the poor and the middle classes. None of these characteristics had any effect.Nor did a mother’s own stress levels.That stress,and stress alone,is responsible for damaging the working memories of poor children thus looks like a strong hypothesis.It is also backed up by work done on both people and laboratory animals,which shows that stress changes the activity of neurotransmitters,the chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another in the brain.Stress also suppresses the generation of new nerve cells in the brain,and causes the“remodelling”of existing ones.Most significantly of all,it shrinks the volume of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.These are the parts of the brain most closely associated with working memory.Children with stressed lives,then,find it harder to learn.Put pejoratively,they are stupider.It is not surprising that they do less well at school,end up poor as adults and often visit the same circumstances on their own children.6.According to the definition given by Martha Farah,which of the following does not belong todeclarative memory?(A)date of one’s birthday(B)how to swim(C)one’s own mobile phone number(D)national holiday7.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT correct?(A)Children raised in poverty have smaller working memory capacities than those ofmiddle-class children.(B)Dr.Evans and Dr.Farah have proved that the reduced capacity of the memories of thepoor is the result of stress.(C)195volunteers were all17-year-old white people living in New York State.(D)Children raised in poor family are more likely to underachieve in late life.8.According to the passage,what does allostatic load refer to?(A)an index used to measure the amount of stress an individual had suffered all his life(B)a combination of the values of seven variables(C)diastolic and systolic blood pressure;the concentrations of three stress-related hormones;the body-mass index and a measure of obesity(D)diastolic and systolic blood pressure and a measure of obesity9.Which of the following is NOT true about result of Dr.Evans’study?(A)For all six variables,a higher value indicates a more stressful life.(B)The values of all six variables in rich children are lower than those who were raised inpoverty.(C)The capacity of a17-year-old’s working memory was correlated with the six variables.(D)Those living in poor families memorize more items than rich children.10.Which of the following topic can best describe the article?(A)Neuroscience and social deprivation(B)Smartness vs.Stress(C)Introduction to Allostatic Load(D)None of the above.11-1515Questions11-Morally and culturally,American society,as reflected in our TV programs,our theatrical fare,our literature and art appears to have hit bottom.Gen.David Sarnoff felt prompted to issue a statement in defense of the TV industry.He pointed out that there was much good in its programs that was being overlooked while its occasional derelictions were being overly stressed.It struck me that what he was saying about TV applied to other aspects of American culture as well.Particularly to the theatrical productions.Without necessarily resting on his conviction that the good outweighed the bad in American cultural activity,I saw further implications in Gen.Sarnoff’s declaration.Audiences needed to be sensitized more and more to the positive qualities of the entertainment and cultural media.In addition,through such increased public sensitivity,producers would be encouraged to provide ever more of the fine,and less of the Sordid.Here is where questions arise.If the exemplary aspects of TV are not being recognized,what is the reason for such a lack of appreciation?Similarly,and further,if the theatre,including in this term the legitimate stage,on and off Broadway as well as the moving pictures,has large measures of goodness,truth and beauty which are unappreciated,how are we to change this situation?All in all,what should be done to encourage and condone the good,and to discourage and condemn the unsavory in the American cultural pattern?These are serious and pressing questions——serious for the survival of the American Way of Life,and pressing for immediate and adequate answers.Indeed the simple truth is that the face that America shows the world affects seriously the future of democracy all over the globe.Since the theatre in its broadest sense is a large aspect of American culture——its expression as well as its creation——I saw the urgent importance of bringing the worthwhile elements in the American Theatre to the fore.Especially was this importance impressed on me when I realized how much Hollywood was involved in exporting American life to the world,and how much Broadway with all its theatres meant to the modern drama.Then the thought of the Bible came to me in this connection.Was not the Bible the basis of Western civilization as far as morals are concerned?Why not use the Bible as guide and touchstone,as direction and goal in the matter of the cultural achievements of Western society? Thus was born“The Bible on Broadway.”The birth of the idea accomplished,rearing it brought the usual difficulties of raising a child——albeit in this case a“brain”one.There was first the fact that the Bible,although the world’s best seller,is not the world’s best read book.Second was the current impression that “message-plays”must necessarily be dull and un-popular····Still,I was drawn to the project of a series of lectures on the Bible and the contemporary theatre.What if the Bible is not well known?Teach it!Plays with a message dull?All plays by reason of their being works of art have been created by their authors’selection and ordering of experience.As such,plays are proponents of ideas——and certainly they are not meant to be uninteresting…That there are spiritual,even religious ideas.In the contemporary theatre should be no cause for wonderment.It is well known that the drama had its origin in religion.The Greeks,theRomans.as well as the early Hebrews,all had forms of the drama which among the first two developed into our classical plays.In the Middle Ages,it was the Church in the Western World that produced the morality and mystery plays.With such a long history it is not surprising to find an affinity between the Bible and the Theatre.11.With which of the following statements regarding the theatre would the author most likelyagree?(A)The theatre does not reflect American culture·(B)Critics of American cultural life are biased·(C)While the entertainment media can be criticized,they contain much wholesome material.(D)The advertising media are largely to blame for criticisms leveled at the theatre.12.Which of the following statements best reflects the author’s awn ideas?(A)American art forms have degenerated to a new low.(B)The good outweighs the bad in American cultural activity.(C)American culture has positive content,but it is not appreciated by the public.(D)Only the Biblical content of American theatre has positive meaning.13.When the author uses the expression“the Bible as guide and touchstone”in paragraph8probably means to refer to(A)the relationship of Biblical concepts to basic ideas and values contained in theatricalproductions(B)the interrelationship of the Bible and the“American Way of Life”(C)an academic approach to researching the theatre and religion(D)the use of the Bible as a guide to everyday life14.The author believes that high American moral and cultural values are important because theydetermine(A)what is produced in Hollywood(B)the future of world democracy(C)whether the Bible will be studied(D)the basis for Western civilization15.The author is primarily concerned with(A)the declining pattern of morality in America(B)promoting American theatre(C)comparing the theatre with other art forms(D)the role of the Bible in the contemporary theatreQuestions16-20In Aachen,Germany,and environs,many children have been found to have an unusually high lead content in their blood and hair.The amount of lead in the children tested has risen above the amount found in workers in heavy-metal industries.The general public is no longer surprised that the lead has been traced to Stolberg near Aachen：Stolberg is surrounded by brass foundries and slag heaps which supply building materials to construct schoolyards and sports halls.This is but one example…When Dr.John W.Gofman,professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic,speaks of“ecocide”in his adversary view of nuclear technology,he means the following：A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar,the Netherlands,would produce about200 pounds of plutonium each year.One pound,released into the atmosphere,could cause9billion cases of lung cancer.This waste product must be stored for500,000years before it is of no further danger to man.In the anticipated reactor economy,it is estimated that there will be10,000tons of this material in western Europe,of which one Table-spoonful of plutonium-239represents the official maximum permissible body burden for200,000people.Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.In1972the U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to2fibers per cubic centimeter of air,but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now.The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers’Unions report that the2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of290 men at a British asbestos factory.But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician,40-70percent had x—ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question,out of a total of29deaths thus far,seven were caused by lung cancer and three by mesothelioma,a cancer of the lining of the chest—abdomen.An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day.And when this man returns home at night,samples of this fireproof product are on his clothes,in his hair,in his lunchpail.“We are now,in fact,finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker,”states Dr.Irving Selikoff,of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.It is now also clear that vinyl chloride,a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made.causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver.However,the history of the research on vinyl chloride is,in some ways,more disturbing than the“Watergate cover-up.”“There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinly chloride workers for25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadeqately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities,”summed up Dr.Selikoff in the New Scientist.At least17workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past25years was not followed up. And for over10years,workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride10times。