专四-虚拟语气练习及小结
虚拟语气用法小结及练习（附答案）
虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习（附答案）一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是真实条件句，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
一类是虚拟条件句。
一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如拟条件句。
如: : If he had seen you yesterday, yesterday, he he would have asked you about it. it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。
未能问你这件事。
) )1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 主从句时态虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 主句主句 例句例句 与现在事与现在事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 If+主语+动词动词 的过去式(be 动词用were) 主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形动词原形 If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 与过去事与过去事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 If+主语+had+ 过去分词过去分词 主语+should, would, could, might + have + 过去分词过去分词 She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed the exam. 与将来事与将来事 实相反的实相反的 假设假设 ①If+主语+ 动词过去式动词过去式②If+主语+ were to+ 动词原形动词原形 ③If+主语+ should+ 动词原形动词原形 主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 2. 错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气）（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕】
英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外国语学院】虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配：主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+have done had done与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do should do / were to do如：If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。
如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
专四语法(虚拟语气)
4） it is time (that), it is high time
(that)句型中 谓语动词用过去时， 句型中， (that) 句型中 ， 谓语动词用过去时 ， 或者 should+动词原形 此时的should 动词原形， should不能省 是should+动词原形，此时的should不能省 略，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是 ……了 早该…… ……了 “该……了、早该……了” It‘s already 5 o’clock now．Don‘t you think it’s about time we went home？ It’s time you should do cleaning.
if， though引导的从句 5）以as if，as though引导的从句 as though (as if)，意为“好像、仿佛”。as though/as if都可以引导方式状语从句或表词从 句，在连系动词之后引导表词从句，在行为动 词之后引导方式状语从句。as if/as though引导 的从句既可用陈述语气又可用虚拟语气。如果 说话者认为句子所述的是事实或是或极有可能 发生的事实时，则从句用陈述语气；如果表示 的事情发生的可能性不大或非真实的情况，则 从句用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句 动词形式变化相同。
3）would rather + 句子（过去时） 句子（过去时） 表示“ 宁愿、 宁可” 语气比较委婉， 表示 “ 宁愿 、 宁可 ” ， 语气比较委婉 ， 后接过去 式。 ---I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would C. came D. have come ---It is getting late. I’d rather you ____now. (2011.61) A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave
虚拟语气练习
虚拟语气语法讲解附带练习题虚拟语气表示用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气的重点是：虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。
(一)虚拟语气的常见句型(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。
B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。
C wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：I'd rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4)It's (high,about) time that句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
例如：It's very late.It's time we had to go.天太晚了，我们得走了。
专四常考语法结构3虚拟语气
If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve D 注意：当if only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实 相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选 项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
• I insist that we_______ (go) there by bus. • He susggested that we _________ (leave) early. • The judge ordered that the prisoner________ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
• I wish I were as tall as you. 我 希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
• 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
错综时态的虚拟语气
• 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在 表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一 致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而 从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情 况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理， 即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对 应的结构。Eg.
专四虚拟语气题目及讲解
10. __ for the fact that she broke her leg , she might have passed the exam. ——2002.60 A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
6. If only I __ play the guitar as well as you! ——2007.52题 题 A. would B. could C. should D. might 考察虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。 从意义和语法上都相当于I 考察虚拟语气中情态动词的用法。If only从意义和语法上都相当于 从意义和语法上都相当于 wish，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表 ，后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望， 示过去的愿望， 表示将来的期望。 项侧重人的意愿 项侧重人的意愿， 示过去的愿望，用would/could do 表示将来的期望。A项侧重人的意愿， B项指人的能力。 项指人的能力。 项指人的能力
4.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now. ——2008.52题 题 A. Would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. Would get
2.名词性从句的虚拟形式 名词性从句的虚拟形式 名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、 名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。 动词原形表示虚拟。 语从句。从句的谓语动词需用 动词原形表示虚拟 考生应熟悉： 考生应熟悉： (1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形 下列动词做谓语时， 下列动词做谓语时 宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形 式： desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge, vote。如： 。 In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.
虚拟语气总结附练习及答案
虚拟语气简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。
如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。
如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)
虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）概念理解一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中的语气(mood)1.陈述语气Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！2.祈使语气Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！知识清单清单一、条件句中的虚拟语气A．真实条件句If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
虚拟语气解析以及练习题答案详细解答
虚拟语气解析及练习与答案详解虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的运用1、状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气（if引导的条件句）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/ might+ 动词原形If I were you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/should/could/ might+ have + 过去分词If you had got up earlier, you could have caught thetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If you had studied harder last term, you could havepassed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。
与将来事实相反动词过去式（be用were）/should + 动词原形/wereto + 动词原形would/should/could/ might+ 动词原形If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
省略if 的用法有were, had,should等可省if，将were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同。
Were I you, I should buy it.如果我是你，我就买了它。
Had you studied harder last term, you could havepassed the exam.如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。
专四英语之虚拟语气用法和主谓一致知识讲解
一、虚拟语气用法讲解英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气1. 真实条件句和非真实条件句条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。
(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。
(虚拟语气) 2. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型(1) 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。
(但你没有坐出租车)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道)(2) 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) 【I had left缩写I’d left；I would have been缩写为I’d have been】If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
(可惜我们找到他太晚了)(3) 若与将来事实相反：条件从句a)If+主语+动词过去式;b)If+主语+were to+动词原形;c)If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)。
专四语法专项训练 虚拟语气
考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much better result s now.2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and finda job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite sucha crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in t his field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not have died___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
虚拟语气的习题带答案
虚拟语气的习题带答案虚拟语气的习题带答案虚拟语气是汉语语法中的一种特殊语气，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实或现实情况。
它在表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等方面起到重要的作用。
下面是一些虚拟语气的习题，带有详细的答案解析。
习题一：选择正确的虚拟语气形式填空。
1. 如果我______（是）你，我会接受这个工作机会。
答案：是。
虚拟语气表示对现实情况的假设。
2. 我希望他______（能）早点回来。
答案：能。
虚拟语气表示对现实情况的愿望。
3. 如果明天不下雨，我们______（去）郊游。
答案：去。
虚拟语气表示对未来情况的假设。
4. 老师建议我们______（多）读书。
答案：多。
虚拟语气表示对现实情况的建议。
5. 如果你______（有）时间，我请你吃饭。
答案：有。
虚拟语气表示对现实情况的假设。
习题二：根据句意，选择正确的虚拟语气形式填空。
1. 她希望她______（能）和你一起去旅行。
答案：能。
表示对现实情况的愿望。
2. 如果我______（是）你，我会好好珍惜这次机会。
答案：是。
表示对现实情况的假设。
3. 如果他______（有）时间，他会来参加聚会的。
答案：有。
表示对现实情况的假设。
4. 我们建议你______（多）锻炼身体。
答案：多。
表示对现实情况的建议。
5. 如果他______（知道）这个消息，他会很高兴的。
答案：知道。
表示对现实情况的假设。
习题三：根据句意，选择正确的虚拟语气形式填空。
1. 如果他______（知道）这个消息，他会很伤心的。
答案：知道。
表示对现实情况的假设。
2. 我们希望明天的天气______（好）一点。
答案：好。
表示对现实情况的愿望。
3. 如果我______（是）你，我会好好学习。
答案：是。
表示对现实情况的假设。
4. 我们建议他______（多）和同学们交流。
答案：多。
表示对现实情况的建议。
5. 如果你______（有）时间，我请你吃饭。
答案：有。
表示对现实情况的假设。
答案解析：虚拟语气是一种非现实的语气，用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等。
虚拟语气语法总结表格700字(精选范文8篇)
虚拟语气语法总结表格700字(精选范文8篇)关于虚拟语气语法总结表格，精选5篇精选范文，字数为700字。
虚拟语气在英语中起到了很重要的作用，用来表示与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议、命令等不真实的情况。
虚拟语气的正确运用可以使我们的语言更加丰富、准确，因此作为一名优秀的学生，我们应该对虚拟语气有所了解并能正确运用。
虚拟语气语法总结表格(精选范文)：1虚拟语气在英语中起到了很重要的作用，用来表示与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议、命令等不真实的情况。
虚拟语气的正确运用可以使我们的语言更加丰富、准确，因此作为一名优秀的学生，我们应该对虚拟语气有所了解并能正确运用。
首先，虚拟语气用于与现在事实相反的情况。
当我们想表达与现在事实相反的虚拟情况时，通常用"should/were to +动词原形"来表示。
例如：“If I were you, I would study harder.”（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
）其次，虚拟语气用于与过去事实相反的情况。
当我们想表达与过去事实相反的虚拟情况时，通常用"had + 过去分词"来表示。
例如：“If I had seen him, I would have told him thenews.”（如果我见到他，我会告诉他这个消息。
）除了上述两种情况外，虚拟语气还可以用于表达愿望、建议和命令等。
当我们想表达愿望时，可以使用“wish + 主语+过去式”。
例如：“I wish I had more time to travel.”（我希望我有更多时间去旅行。
）当我们想提出建议时，可以使用“suggest +（that）+主语+（should）+动词原形”。
例如：“I suggest that he should take a break.”（我建议他休息一下。
）当我们想表示命令时，可以使用“demand/order +（that）+主语+动词原形”。
英语专四真题汇总之虚拟语气
英语专四真题汇总之虚拟语气Ⅰ.2004年54.＿＿if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A．Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. would you have been surprised[A] 译文：如果昨天没有通知你我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？虚拟语气题。
从句表示与过去的事实相反的情况，但主语中含有未来发生的意思，而且是问对方现场的感受，所以动词形式应与表示现在的时间一致，故选A。
56.It is imperative that students ＿＿their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in[A] 译文：学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。
句中单词imperative是虚拟语气的一个标志，后面的主语从句中的谓语应该用should加动词原形或者直接用动词原形，故A正确。
Ⅱ.2005年51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor , he ＿＿able to adviseyou much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were[A]译文：如果你把情况说给你的律师，他的建议会比我给你的建议更好。
根据句意，从句用的是过去时态，主句要用过去将来时态，故A正确。
63.＿＿you ＿＿further problems with your printer, contact your dealer foradvice.A. If , hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had[C]译文：如果你的打印机再有问题，请联系经销商获取建议。
专四常见虚拟总结
1.条件句的虚拟（if）比如：(1) 与过去事实相反If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.(2) 与现在事实相反If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
(3). 与将来事实相反If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
注意省略if的倒装形式，比如：If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.2. 一些表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist, order, propose, request, sugge st其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。
如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute her 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务注意suggest和insist这两个词，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
如：Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
专四语法专项训练-虚拟语气
专四语法专项训练-虚拟语气1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not 不前移。
1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could,might)+ have done；1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much better s now.2008A. would be gettingB. could havegot C. must get D. would get2. He would have finished college education, but he _had___to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good careof B. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good careof D. Had he been not taken good care of4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’tbeen D. wouldn’t6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Had n’t itbeen C. Was it not D. Were it not7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in t field.1998a. Givingb. To givec.Given d. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could _have provided__him with a detached housewhen he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. haveprovided C. not provide D. not have provided11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had Irealized C. I realized that D. As I realized12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of death?'"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not have die d___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can正确答案是陈述语序3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
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虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了(from )。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。
如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from )。
(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。
如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。
并且should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。
如(from )：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
(2) 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：使用MAY①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。
如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
②may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。
如：You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from )。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形，主句结构不限。
如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构为：①should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。
如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
②should + 完成式, 指过去。
如：I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from )。