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钻井工程常用术语

钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical—mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro-hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi’s hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri—axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri—axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri—axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb—Navier strength criterion of rock岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress—relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh—water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non—dispersed polymer drilling fluids 抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt—water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt—water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert—emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear—thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives 降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre-hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly—up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet—bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic—power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom—hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power 喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso—variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z—value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse—power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump）钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态)the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump（the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数(钻井泛函)objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi—variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot" drill—off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo—drilling 涡轮钻具turbo—drill 电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo—drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics ofturbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo—drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo—drill涡轮—泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high—torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo—drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi—bore well水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build—up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock 短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo—eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi—turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna—flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool 造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over—all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill（MWD）单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi—shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule—shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit 硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip—collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure （formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it's formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d—exponent method dc指数法dc—exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow—line temperature化石资料法paleo—information 地球物理检测法wire—line logs中途测试drill-stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak—off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang's method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation—borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力)surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法(等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法(二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法(顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling—up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up-installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥？connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel—oil cement 橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt—resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist—meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi—plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high—pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low—pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat—line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy（lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R。

丙类船长大副英语中译英

丙类船长大副英语中译英1. 船员浴室淡水管一段（直径25㎜×4m）及一只截止阀（直径25㎜）换新。

One section of fresh water pipe(dia. 25㎜×4m)and one stop valve (dia. 25㎜)in crew's bathroom to be renewed.2. 大副浴室堵塞的排水管（直径40㎜）清通。

The clogged scupper pipe(dia.40㎜)in officer's bath rooin to be freed up.3. 船长浴室破碎的马桶换新。

The broken toilet bowl in captain's bath room to be renewed.4. 船员浴室镜子3块换新。

（300mm×400mm）.Three toilet mirrors (size 300mm×400mm)in crew's bath room to be renewed.5．船员住房舷窗3块玻璃换新（直径313mm,厚9mm,钢化玻璃）。

Three pcs of side scuttle glass in crew's cabins to be renewed (dia.313mm,thickness 9mm,toughened glass).6.驾驶室前窗2块玻璃换新。

（6mm×866mm×586mm，钢化玻璃）.Two pcs of window glass in wheel house to be renewed (6mm×866mm×586mm,toughened glass ).7.驾驶室右舷滑动门换新。

（800mm×2000mm）One wooden sliding door in way of wheel house stb'd to be renewed(side 800mm×2000mm).8.10扇主甲板水密门拆下，修后装复并进行水密试验。

核电工程专业英语

序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0001Abnormal condition异常工况0002Absorbed dose rate吸收剂量率0003Absorber rod吸收率0004Absorption coefficient吸收系数0005Absorption cross section吸收截面0006Absorption ratio吸收比0007Acceleration pressure drop加速度压降0008acceleration pressure loss加速度压力损失0009Acceptable daily intake (ADI)日容许摄入量0010Acceptable limit可接受限值0011Acceptance验收0012Acceptance criterion (pl,criteria)验收准则0013Acceptance report验收报告0014Acceptance standard验收标准0015Acceptance test验收实验0016Access通道，入口；接达0017Accident analysis事故分析0018Accident conditions事故工况0019Accident interlocking module事故连锁组0020Accident management事故处理0021Accident mitigation事故缓解0022Accident prevention事故预防0023Accident source事故源项0024Accidental exposure事故照射0025Accidental shutdown事故停堆0026Accumulated dose累积剂量序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0027Accumulator（压水堆）安注箱，蓄压器0028Acid—proof tile耐酸瓷砖0029Activation活化0030Active carbon filter活性炭过滤器0031Active component能动部件0032Active core height堆芯活性高度0033Active power有功功率0034Activity[放射性]活度0035Activity concentration放射性浓度0036Activity level放射性活度0037Actuate驱动、触发0038Administration building and emergency centre Ventilation system办公楼及应急中心通风系统0039Administration building and emergency centreWater supply and drainagesystem办公楼及应急中心给排水系统0040Adopting (or adoption) by equation等同采用0041Adopting (or adoption) by equivalent等效采用0042Adsorber chiller吸收式冷冻机0043Aerial cable架空电缆0044Aerodynamic behaviour空气动力特性0045Aerosol气溶胶0046After filer,(or post—filter)后置过滤器0047After—heat, residual heat剩余释热0048After—power, residual heat power剩余功率0049Air (circuit) breaker空气断路器0050Air change rate换气率0051Air cooler空气冷却器序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0052Air delivery pipe供气管道0053Air filter and adsorber unit (AFAU)空气过滤吸附机组0054Air filter unit (AFU)空气过滤机组0055Air filter空气过滤器0056Air flow rate空气流量，风流量0057Air handling unit (AHU)空气处理机组0058Air hose空气软管0059Air intake采风口，进风口0060Air pump抽气泵0061Air sampling device空气取样设备0062Air self—cooling type空气自冷式0063Air submersion dose空气浸没剂量0064Airborne particulate sampler (APS)气载粒子取样器0065Airborne radioactivity气载放射性0066Alarm警报（名词）、报警（动词）0067Alarm (output) module报警（输出）组件0068Alarm signal报警信号0069Alarm window报警窗0070Albedo反照率0071Aligning pin定位箱0072All volatile treatment (AVT)全挥发处理0073Alphanumeric keyboard字母数字键盘0074Ambient temperature环境温度0075American Concrete Institute (ACI)美国混凝土学会0076American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)美国钢结构学会0077American National Standards Institute (ANSI)美国国家标准学会序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0078American Nuclear Society (ANS)美国核学会0079American Society for Testing and Materials美国材料与实验学会0080American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE)美国土木工程师学会0081American Society of MechnicalEngineers (ASME)美国机械工程学会0082Ammeter电流表0083Ampacity载流量0084Analog channel模拟量通道0085Analog/digital (A/D) converter模拟/数字转换器0086Analog input模拟量输入0087Analog output模拟量输出0088Analog signals模拟信号0089Analogue link模拟接续线0090Anchor bolt地脚螺栓0091Anion bed阴离子床0092Annex附录（参考件）0093Anti—freeze防冻0094Ante—rust agent防锈剂0095Ante—seizer lubricant（螺纹）防咬润滑剂0096Ante—vibration bar（蒸汽发生器）防震条0097Ante—vibration bar抗震杆0098Ante—whip device管道防甩装置0099Anticipated operational occurrences预计运行事件0100Anticipated transient without scram (ATWS)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬态，拒停堆预计瞬态0101Antifoam reagent防沫剂0102Apparent power视在功率0103Appendix附录（补充件）序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0104Application package应用软件包0105Application program应用程序0106Approval批准，认可，审定0107Arc lamp弧光灯0108Area radiation monitoring system区域辐射监测系统0109Armoured cable铠装电缆0110Army《燃料棒或热交换器传热管》排列0111As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)合理可行尽量低0112As—built drawing竣工图0113Aseismic joint防震缝0114Assembler汇编程序0115Assessment评价0116Assessment of exposure照射评价0117Assessment of radiation protection辐射防护评价0118Assignor委托者，指派者0119Asynchronous motor异步电动机0120Atmospheric corrosion大气腐蚀0121Atmospheric dispersion factor大气弥散因子0122Atmospheric overvoltage大气过电压0123Atmospheric pressure大气压力0124Atmospheric radiation monitoring apparatus大气辐射检测装置0125Atmospheric stability大气稳定度0126Atom absorption spectroscopy (ASS)原子吸收光谱0127ATWS mitigation system ATWS缓解系统0128Audible count rate signal计数率音响信号0129Audible signals音响信号序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0130Audit监查0131Audit follow—up监查后续行动0132Audit plan监查计划0133Audit record监查记录0134Audit report监查报告0135Audit team leader监查组（队）长0136Audit team监查组（队）0137Auditee受监查单位0138Auditor检查员0139Austenitic stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢0140Authority管理机构，官方，当局0141Authorization授权，授以资格0142Authorized limit管理限值0143Automatic analytical balance全自动分析天平0144Automatic connection mode自动接续方式0145Automatic exchange自动交换机0146Automatic scaler自动定标器0147Automatic selective call自动选呼0148Automatic synchronization unit自同步装置0149automatic welding自动焊0150Autotransformer自藕变压器0151Auxiliaries辅助设备0152Auxiliary boller辅助锅炉0153Auxiliary building common facility room Ventilation system辅助厂房公共设施房间通风系统0154Auxiliary building cooler system辅助厂房循环冷风机系统0155Auxiliary building water supply and drainageSystem核辅助厂房给排水系统序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0156Auxiliary component shielding辅助设备屏蔽0157Auxiliary contact辅助触点0158Auxiliary feed—water system辅助给水系统0159Auxiliary feedwater pump building ventilation System辅助给水泵房通风系统0160Auxiliary feedwater pump辅助给水泵0161Auxiliary gutter（辅助）小线槽0162Auxiliary hoist付提升机构0163Auxiliary power supply辅助厂用电源0164Auxiliary steam distribution system辅助蒸汽分配系统0165Auxiliary steam production system辅助蒸汽生产系统0166Auxiliary steam system (conventional island)辅助蒸汽系统（常规岛）0167Auxiliary transformer厂用变压器、辅助变压器0168Avnilability可用性，可用率0169Available head有效压头0170Avalanche雪崩0171Average daily output平均日供水量，日均供水量0172Avogadro’s number阿伏伽德罗常数0173Axial offset (AO)轴向偏移0174Axial peaking factor轴向峰值因子0175Axial peeking hot spot factor轴向峰热点因子0176Axial power deviation轴向功率偏差0177Axial power factor轴向功率峰热点因子0178Axial stiffness轴向刚度0179Azimuthal power tilt象限功率倾斜0180A/M transfer switch自动/手动切换开关0181Back lighted button带灯按扭序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0182Back pressure背压0183Back welding封底焊0184Back draft damper逆止（风）阀0185Backfill soil填土0186Background survey本底调查0187Background后台，背景0188Backing welding打底焊0189Backup (group electrical)heater备用（组电）加热器0190Backup manual operator备用手动操作器0191Backup power supply备用电源0192Backup后备0193Baffle（堆芯燃料组件）围板；挡板，拆流板，缓冲板0194Baffle assembly（堆内构件）围板组件0195Baffle plate隔板0196Balance of plant (BOP)核电厂配套设施0197Balanced beam平衡梁0198Balancing chamber平衡室0199Ballast镇流器0200Bank组0201Bar screen格栅0202Bar棒材0203Barrel base plate吊篮底板0204Barrel outlet nozzle吊篮出口接管0205Base基座、底座0206Base load基本负荷0207Base load operation基本负荷运行序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0208Base material母材0209Base plate底板、垫板0210Basement地下室0211Basic design初步设计0212Basic limit基本限值0213Basic of design (or purchase)设计（或采购）依据0214Batching tank制备箱0215Bearing capacity承载力0216Bearing frame轴承底座0217Bearing housing轴承座（壳）0218Bearing oil pump轴承（润滑）油泵0219Bearing sleeve轴承衬套0220Bearing surface支承面0221Bearing swiveling ring回转支承0222Becquarel (Bq)贝可（勒尔）（[放射性]活度计量单位：法定SI单位）0223Beginning of life (BOL)寿期初0224Bellow seal波纹管密封0225Bellows波纹管0226Bent frame排架0227Berth泊位0228Bills of quantities工厂量清单0229Bioaccumulation factor生物积累因子0230Biological half—life生物半排期0231Biological shielding生物屏蔽0232Bistable (module)定值器（组件）、双稳态组件0233Bit位序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0234Bite(control rods)（控制棒）咬量0235Blackout全厂断电0236Blank空格0237Block diagram方块图0238Block sequence welding分段多层焊0239Block闭锁0240Blow down排污0241Blow down喷放，排污0242Blow down phase喷放阶段0243Blow down pump排污泵0244Blow down rate排污率0245Blower, (fan)风机0246Board inward dialing (BID)经话务台接人0247Body—bonnet connection阀体与阀盖的联接0248Boiling heat transfer沸腾传热0249Bolt螺栓0250Bolting material螺栓件材料0251Booster pump增压泵0252Bootstrap引导0253Bootstrap loader引导装入程序0254BOP V AC power system BOPV交流电力系统0255BOP building radiation monitoring system BOP厂房辐射检测系统0256BOP communication system BOP通信系统0257BOP lighting system BOP照明系统0258Borated glass硼玻璃0259Borated water含硼水序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0260Boration硼化0261Boric acid batching tank硼酸制备箱0262Boric acid blender硼酸混合器0263Boric acid concentration硼酸浓度0264Boric acid filter硼酸过滤器0265Boric acid mixing tank硼混合箱0266Boric acid pump硼酸泵0267Boric acid storage tank硼酸贮存箱0268Boric acid surge tank硼酸波动箱0269Boric acid transfer pump硼输送泵0270Boron concentration (or content)硼浓度，硼含量0271Boron concentration monitoring system硼浓度检测系统0272Boron dilution硼稀释0273boron equivalent硼当量0274Boron recycle system硼回收系统0275Boron removal去硼0276Boron—lined counter涂硼计数管0277Boron meter硼浓度计0278Borosilicate glass硼硅酸盐玻璃0279Bottom head insulation底封头保温层0280Bottom head下封头0281Bottom nozzle下管座0282Bottom plate底板0283Box foundation箱形基础0284Bracket牛腿，支承架0285Braid编织物序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0286Brake horsepower制动马力0287Branch connection分支连接0288Branch system枝状管网0289Braze welding钎焊0290Break size破口尺寸0291Breaker(circuit breaker)断路器0292Breaking capacity遮断容量0293Breakpoint断点0294Breather pipe通气管0295Bridge(overhead)crane桥式起重机0296Broadcasting control panel广播控制盘0297Brush电刷，刷子0298Buckling曲率0299Build—up factor积累因子0300Build—up sequence（堆焊或多层焊）熔敷顺序0301Bulk boiling整体沸腾0302Bulk coolant temperature冷却剂整体温度0303Buoyancy浮力0304Buried cable地下电缆0305Burnable poison可燃毒物0306Burnable poison assembly可燃读物组件0307Burnable poison material可燃毒物0308Burnable poison rod可燃毒物棒0309Burnout烧毁0310Burnout correlation烧毁关系式0311Burnout ratio烧毁比序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0312Burn up燃耗0313Bus总线0314Bus bar ,bus母线0315Bushing套管0316Busway母线槽，母线通道0317Butt welding对接焊0318Buttress扶壁，水管支墩0319Buzzer蜂鸣器0320Bypass旁通，旁路0321Bypass flow旁通流量0322Byte字节0323Cab（起重机）驾驶室0324Cabinet（设备）柜0325Cable box电缆箱，电缆盒0326Cable connector接线盒0327Cable end fitting电缆终端配件0328Cable flat电缆层0329Cable gallery电缆廊道0330Cable layer电缆包层0331Cable list电缆清册0332Cable pulling vault电缆井0333Cable spreading电缆敷设0334Cable supply电缆供电0335Cable termination电缆头0336Cable tray电缆拖架、桥架0337Cache memory（高速）缓冲存储器序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0338Calculator module计算器组件0339Call调用0340Calorimeter量热计0341Candling蜡烛状熔化0342Capable fault能动断层0343Capacitor电容器0344Capacity（起重机）起重量，容量0345Capture cross section俘获截面0346Capture gamma ray俘获γ射线0347Carbon dioxide suppression system二氧化碳灭火系统0348Card插件（板）0349Cardinal point基点、坐标点0350Carriage return (CR )回车0351Carry over（汽）带水0352Carry under（水）带汽0353Carrying rail行走轨道0354Carryover带水率0355Carryover moisture夹带水分0356Carry under带汽率0357Cartridge卡盘0358Cartridge (filter)（过滤器）芯子0359Cartridge fuse熔丝管0360cascade串级0361Case箱、柜、盒（仪表）0362Casing adapter（主泵）吸水管0363Cassette tape盒带序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0364Cast—in—site concrete环浇混凝土0365Catchment area汇水面积0366Cathode ray tube (display) (CRT)屏幕显示，阴极射线管（显示）0367Cation bed阳床0368Cation bed阳离子床0369Ceiling light天花板照明0370Cell水池、小室0371Cement solidification水泥固化0372Central processing unit (CPU)中央处理器0373Centralized control集中控制0374Centralized sampling集中取样0375Centrifugal charging pump离心式上充泵0376Centrifugal fan离心式风机0377Certificate of approval鉴定证书0378Certification证（明）书0379Certification of compliance合格证0380Change notice变更通知0381Change request form变更申请表0382Change request变更申请0383Change review board变更审查委员会0384Change out替换、代替0385Change over转向、转换0386Changing fixtures控制束棒与阻力塞抽插机0387Channel通道0388Channel deviation通道偏差0389Channel flow area通道流通面积序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0390Channel head（蒸汽发生器）下封头0391Channel integral model通道积分模型0392Channel spacing信道间隔0393Channel, conduit渠道0394Character字符0395Character printer字符打印机0396Character string字符串0397Characteristic curve特性曲线0398Charcoal adsorber活性炭吸附器0399Charcoal filter活性碳过滤器0400Charge—coupled device (CCD)电荷耦合器件0401Charged ionizing particle带电电离粒子0402Charger充电装置0403Charging path上充通道0404Charging pump上充泵0405Charpy V notch specimen (Cv)夏比V—缺口实验0406Charpy V test夏比V型实验0407Check source校验放射源0408Check valve逆止阀，址回阀0409Check—list校核清单0410Check hole检查口0411Chemical addition tank化学物添加箱0412Chemical additive化学添加物0413Chemical and volume control system(CVCS)化学和容积控制系统0414Chemical cleaning化学清洗0415Chemical reagent injection化学试剂注入序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0416Chemical reagent tank加药器（箱）0417Chemistry laboratory and its drain system化学分析室及其疏水系统0418Chequared plate花纹钢板0419Cheveron plate波纹板0420Chilled water冷冻水0421Chilled water circulation pump冷冻水循环泵0422Chilling unit冷冻机组0423Chloride concentration (content)氯化物浓度（含量）0424Chocked flow拥塞流（量）0425Chopped cosine profile distribution截余弦分布0426Circuit breaker opening (manual)断路器跳闸（手动）0427Circuit diagram电路图0428Circular railway环行轨道0429Circulating cooler循环冷风机0430Circulating cooling water drainage system循环水排水系统0431Circulating cooling water energy dispersion System循环水排放口消能系统0432Circulating cooling water intake system循环水进水系统0433Circulating cooling water pumping station System循环水泵房系统0434Circulating cooling water treatment system循环水处理系统0435Circulating cooling water yard pipe networkSystem循环水厂区管路系统0436Circulating water pump循环水泵0437Circulation ratio循环倍率0438Circumferential ridge周向环脊0439Civil works土建工程0440Clad pellet gap包壳与芯块之间的间隙0441Clad(ding)包壳，包覆序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0442Cladding（覆盖）堆焊层0443Cladding creep包壳蠕变0444Cladding flattening包壳压扁0445Cladding strain包壳应变0446Clarification澄清、净化0447Clarifier澄清槽0448Classification of records记录分类0449Cleaning清洗0450Cleanout清扫口0451Clear—water reservation清水池0452Clevis insert（堆内构件）块0453Climatology气候学0454Clack system时钟系统0455Clockwise顺时针方向0456Closed circuit TV system闭路电视系统0457Closed cycle cooling water system闭式循环冷却水系统0458Closed—circulating cooling water闭式循环冷却水0459Closing (circuit breaker)合闸（断路器）0460Closure head顶盖0461Coagulant凝聚剂0462Coagulation凝聚0463Coarse sand粗砂0464Coast down flow惯性流量0465Coated electrode药皮焊条0466Coaxial cable同轴电缆0467Cobalt—base alloy钻基合金序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0468Code代码0469Code case规范案例0470Code controller编码控制器0471Code of federal regulation (CFR)联邦管理法规（美国）0472Coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数0473Coil线圈0474Coil stack assembly线圈部件0475Cold junction box冷端补偿箱0476Cold leg（管道）冷段0477Cold performance test冷态性能实验0478Cold shutdown冷停堆0479Cole startup冷态启动0480Cold test(ing)冷态实验0481Cold void volume冷空腔0482Cold—wall effect冷壁效应0483Collapse压扁0484Collapsed level坍塌液（水）位0485Collection收集0486Collective dose equivalent集体剂量当量0487Color code色标0488Command命令0489Commissioning调试0490Committed dose equivalent待积剂量当量0491Common base plate公用底板（座）0492Common point公共点0493Common switchboard公用配电盘序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0494Communication link通讯连接（电话机）0495Communication system通信系统0496Company standard企业标准0497Compartment阁间，小室0498Compensated ionization chamber补偿电离室0499Compensation补偿0500Compensation cable补偿电缆0501Compiler编译程序0502Complete logbook全日志0503Completion certificate完工证书0504Completion of erection release安装完工证书0505Compliance with requirements符合要求0506Component cooling water设备冷却水0507Component cooling water heat exchanger设备冷却水热交换器0508Component cooling water pump设备冷却水泵0509Component cooling water surge tank设备冷却水波动箱0510Component cooling water system设备冷却水系统0511Component cooling water (CCW) heat exchanger设备冷却水热交换器0512Component cooling water (CCW) pump设备冷却水泵0513Composite structure混合结构0514Compressed air system压缩空气系统0515Compressible flow可压缩流0516Computer network计算机网络0517Concentrate storage tank浓缩液贮存箱0518Conceptual design方案设计0519Condensate凝结水序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0520Condensate cooler凝结水冷却器0521Condensate polishing system凝结水精处理系统0522Condensate pump凝结水泵0523Condensate system凝结水系统0524Condensate transfer pump凝结水输送泵0525Condenser（汽机）凝汽器，冷凝器0526Condenser vacuum system凝汽器抽真空系统0527Condition adverse to quality不利于质量的条件0528Conducting wire引出线0529Conductivity integral积分热导率0530Conductor导体，导线0531Conduit电缆管、电线管0532Confidence置信度0533Configuration配置0534Confined point约束点0535Conical head锥形封头0536Connection box接线箱（盒）0537Connection diagram接线圈0538Connection point连接点0539Connector连接器0540Conservation of energy能量守恒0541Conservation of mass质量守恒0542Conservation of momentum动量守恒0543Console控制台0544Constant current power supply恒流电源0545Constant voltage power supply恒压电源序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0546Construction manager工程经理0547Construction permit建造许可证0548Construction quality施工质量0549Contact conductance接触热导0550Contactor接触器0551Contained source内在源0552Contained air cleanup system安全壳空气净化系统0553Containment back pressure安全壳背压0554Containment hydrogen mixing system安全壳氢气混合系统0555Containment hydrogen recombiner system安全壳消氢系统0556Containment hydrogen ventilation system安全壳氢气排风系统0557Containment instrumentation system安全壳仪表系统0558Containment isolation signal安全壳隔离信号0559Containment penetration安全壳贯穿件0560Containment purge ventilation system安全壳清洗通风系统0561Containment reactor coolant drain system安全壳疏排水系统0562Containment spray heat exchanger安全壳喷淋热交换器0563Containment spray pump安全壳喷淋泵0564Containment spray signal安全壳喷淋信号0565Containment spray system安全壳喷淋系统0566Containment spray system heat exchanger安全壳喷淋系统热交换器0567Containment sump安全壳地坑0568Content by weight重量含量0569Continuity连续性0570Continuous welding连续焊0571Contraction coefficient收缩系数序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0572Contraction pressure loss收缩压力损失0573Control控制、调节0574Control (rod) assembly控制棒组件0575Control (rod) bank调节棒组0576Control (rod) calibration控制棒刻度（标定）0577Control (rod) cluster控制棒束0578Control (rod) group调节棒组0579Control board控制盘0580Control cable控制电缆0581Control damper控制风阀0582Control level of surface contamination表面污染控制水平0583Control logic cabinet控制逻辑柜0584Control of items物项管理0585Control purchased items已购物项管理0586Control rod控制棒0587Control rod control system控制棒控制系统0588Control rod drive line控制棒驱动线0589Control rod drive line alignment驱动线对中0590Control rod drive mechanism (CRDM)控制棒驱动机构0591Control rod dropping time控制棒落棒时间0592Control rod ejection弹（控制）棒0593Control rod guide thimble控制棒导向管0594Control rod movement speed控制棒移动速度0595Control rod position indication system（控制）棒位指示系统0596Control rod withdrawal控制棒提升0597Control switch控制开关序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0598Control volume控制容积0599Controlled area access personal dose monitoring and management system控制区出入人口剂量监测和管理系统0600Controlled area控制区0601Convection boiling对流沸腾0602Conventional island DC & AC UPS system常规岛直流电源和交流不停电电源系统0603Conventional island (CI)常规岛0604Converter变流装置，变换装置，转换装置0605Conveyer belt运输皮带0606Conveyer car运输小车0607Coolant chemistry冷却剂化学0608Coolant flow rate冷却剂流量0609Coolant mass flow rate冷却剂质量流量0610Coolant mixing冷却剂交混0611Coolant specific enthalpy冷却剂比焓0612Cooler冷却器0613Cooling coil冷却盘管0614Cooling tower冷却塔0615Cooling water冷却水0616Core area堆芯区域0617Core average heat flux (density)堆芯平均热流密度0618Core barrel assembly吊篮筒体组件0619Core barrel cylinder吊篮筒身0620Core barrel flange吊篮筒体法兰0621Core configuration堆芯布置0622Core flow subfactor堆芯流量分因子0623Core integrity堆芯完整性序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0624Core maximum heat flux堆芯最大热流密度0625Core mixing subfactor堆芯交混分因子0626Core physics堆芯物理0627Core reflooding堆芯再淹没0628Core shell（反应堆容器）筒体段，堆芯筒体0629Core support pad堆信纸支承垫（块）0630Core thermal design堆芯热工设计0631Core uncover堆芯裸露0632Core unloading堆芯卸料0633Core void fraction堆芯空泡份额0634Corrective action纠正措施0635Corridor通道、过道0636corrosion腐蚀0637corrosion fatigue腐蚀疲劳0638corrosion inhibitor缓蚀剂0639Corrosion inhibitor addition tank缓蚀剂添加箱0640Corrosion medium腐蚀介质0641Corrosion product腐蚀产物0642Corrosion rate腐蚀速率0643Corrosion resistance耐腐蚀性，抗腐蚀性0644Cosmic radiation宇宙辐射0645Cost benefit analysis代价利益分析，成本效益分析0646Counter area γmonitor计数管区域γ监测仪0647Counter flow反向流0648Coupling breaker耦合开关0649coupon试块序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0650cover盖板0651CRDM power supply system棒电源系统0652CPU (central processing unit)计算机中央处理器0653CRDM edaptor驱动机构管座0654CRDM（cooling system）控制棒驱动机构冷却通风系统0655CRDM ventilation shroud控制棒驱动机构通风罩0656CRDM ventilation system控制棒驱动机构通风系统0657creep蠕变0658Creepage distance表面漏电距离0659Crevice corrosion缝隙腐蚀0660criterion准则0661Critical concentration临界浓度0662Critical experiment临界实验0663Critical exposure pathway关键照射途径0664Critical flow临界流0665Critical group关键人群组0666Critical heat flux (CHF)临界热流密度0667Critical heat flux modified cold-wall factor临界热流密度冷壁修正因子0668Critical heat flux modified shape factor临界热流密度形状修正因子0669Critical heat flux modified spacer factor临界热流密度格架修正因子0670Critical load危险载荷0671Critical mass临界质量0672Critical mass flow临界质量流量0673Critical mass flux临界质量流密度0674Critical nuclide关键核素0675Critical size( core)临界尺寸序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0676Critical transfer pathway关键转移途径0677Critical volume临界体积0678Criticality accident临界事故0679Criticality alarm system临界报警系统0680Criticality approach curve接近临界曲线0681Criticality safety临界安全0682Cross flow横向流0683Cross section横断面，截面0684Crossover leg U型管段（蒸汽发生器至冷却剂泵）0685CRT(cathode-ray tube)屏幕显示装置（阴极射线管），显示屏0686cubicle小室，腔0687culvert涵洞，（地下）暗渠0688Current curve versus time（电流时间曲线）电流波形图0689Current density电流密度0690Current transformer电流互感器0691cursor光标0692curvature平曲线，曲率0693cushion垫层0694Cut-off energy切割能0695Cutoff valve断流阀0696Cylindrical shell筒形壳体0697 D.C hold cabinet直流保持柜0698 D.C stabilized power supply直流稳压电源0699dado护壁板，墙裙0700Daily variation coefficient日变化系数0701Damper风阀序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0702Dashpot action缓冲作用0703Dashpot characteristics缓冲落棒时间0704Dashpot drop time缓冲区0705Dashpot section缓冲段0706Data acquisition and processing system(DAP)数据采集和处理系统0707Data acquisition数据采集0708Data base数据库0709Data bus数据总线0710Data channel数据通道0711Data communication system (DCS)数据传输系统0712Data file数据文件0713Data organization数据结构0714Data processing module数据处理模块0715Date of standard implementation标准实施日期0716Daughter product子体产物0717DC&AC UPS system直流和交流不停电电源系统0718Dead band死区0719Deborating demineralizer除硼床0720debug查错0721Decay衰变0722Decay constant衰变常数0723Decay chain衰变链0724Decay heat衰变热0725Decay tank衰变箱0726decommissioning退役0727Decontamination去污序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0728Decontamination factor(DF)去污因子0729Decontamination system去污环境0730Deformation畸变0731degradation劣化0732Degree of enrichment富集度0733Degree of subcooling过冷度0734Degree of superheat过热度0735Delay circuit module延迟电路组件0736Delay critical缓发临界0737Delayed neutron fraction缓发中子份额0738Delayed neutron缓发中子0739delithium除锂床0740Delta connection三角形连接0741Demineralized water除盐水0742Demineralized water tank除盐水箱0743demineralizer除盐装置（器）0744Demineralizer after-filter床后过滤器0745Demineralizer pre-filter床前过滤器0746demography人口统计学0747densification密实化0748Densimeter密度计0749Density wave密度波0750denting凹陷0751Deoxygenated water除氧水0752Deoxygenated water cooler除氧水冷却器0753Deoxygenated water pump除氧水泵序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0754Deoxygenated water tank除氧水箱0755Departure from film boiling(DFB)偏离膜态沸腾0756Departure from nucleate boilingDNB)偏离泡核沸腾0757Departure from nucleate boiling ratio(DNBR)DNB比0758Depleted fuel乏燃料0759depletion燃耗，烧毁0760Deposit corrosion沉积物腐蚀0761Deposited corrosion product沉积腐蚀产物0762Deposited metal熔敷金属0763Deposition沉积量0764depressurization卸压0765Depth of corrosion腐蚀深度0766Depth of foundation基础埋置深度0767Derived air conentration导出空气浓度0768Derived limit导出限值0769Description for drawing up standard标准编制说明0770Design assumption设计假设0771Design basis设计基准0772Design basis accident(DBA)设计基准事故0773Design basis event设计基准事件0774Design-basis source terms设计基准源项0775Design change设计变更0776Design code设计规范0777Design condition设计工况0778Design control设计管理0779Design for reactor core safety in nuclear power plants核电厂堆芯安全设计序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0780Design objective limit设计目标限值0781Design pressure设计压力0782Design report设计报告0783Design review设计审查0784Design temperature设计规范书0785Design verification设计验证0786Designation名称0787Designation of system系统名称0788Desilting basin沉砂池0789Detail(detailed)design施工设计0790Detection limit探测限0791Detector push-pull device探测器推拉装置0792Detector storage tube探测器存放管0793Detector well探测器孔道0794Diagnostic program诊断程序0795Dialog keyboard对话键盘0796Diaphragm valve隔膜阀0797Dielectric strength绝缘（介电）强度0798Diesel generator柴油发电机0799Diesel generator set柴油发电机组0800Differential pressure压差0801Differential pressure controller差压调节器0802Differential pressure gauge差动计0803Differential pressure transmitter差动变送器0804Differential protection差动保护0805Differential worth微分价值序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0806Differentiator module微分器组件0807diffuser（泵）导叶0808Diffuser plate（堆内构件）流量分配板0809Diffusion coefficient扩散系数0810Diffusion theory扩散理论0811Digital filtering数字滤波0812Digital input数字输入0813Digital misalignment alarm module数字失步报警组件0814Digital voltmeter module数字电压表组件0815Digital/analog(D/A)converter数字/模拟（或数模）转换器0816dilution稀释0817Dilution factor稀释因子0818Dimineralized water pump除盐（软）水泵0819Direct burial直埋0820Direct grounding直接接地0821Direct inward dialing(DID)直接拨入0822Direct outwardialing (DOD)直接外拨0823Direction interlocking circuit方向连锁电路0824Direction of welding焊接方向0825directory目录0826Disadvantage factor不利因子0827Discharge burnup卸料燃耗0828Discharge pump排放泵0829discharge卸料0830disconnect断连，断路0831-Disconnect button拆卸钮序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0832Disconnect plug可拆接头0833Disconnect rod拆卸杆0834Dished head碟形封头0835Dished pellet碟形芯块0836disinfection消毒0837disk磁盘0838Disk file磁盘文件0839Disk operating system磁盘操作系统0840Disk storage磁盘存储器0841Dispersed flow弥散器0842display显示0843Display frame显示帧幅0844Display operating station（显示）操作器0845Distributed computer system分布式计算机系统0846Distributed network分布式网络0847Distribution box配电箱0848Distribution cabinet分配柜0849Distribution list分发清单0850Distribution system配水管网（系统）0851division篇0852DNB heat flux DNB热流密度0853Document approval文件批准0854Document change文件变更0855Document control文件管理0856Document control manager文件管理经理0857Document distribution文件分发序号核电工程专业英语参考译文0858Document preparation文件编制0859Document retention文件保存0860Document review文件审查0861Domestic scwage生活污水0862Domestic water yard pipe network system生活给水厂区管路系统0863Domestic water生活用水0864Doppler coefficient多卜勒系数0865Doppler effect多卜勒效应0866Dose assessment剂量评价0867Dose commitment剂量负担0868Dose equivalent剂量当量0869Dose equivalent commitment剂量当量负担0870Dose equivalent limit剂量当量限值0871Dose rate conversion factor剂量率转换因子0872Dosimeter reader剂量计读出器0873Double ended break（管道）双端断裂0874Double fume chamber and hood双位通风柜0875Double hook双钩0876Double period倍增周期0877Double-pole single-throw (DPST) switch (relay)双级单掷开关（继电器）0878Double-pulse generator双脉冲发生器0879Double-reeling system双卷绕系统0880Downhand welding平焊0881Downstream下游0882Draft standard for approval标准报批稿0883Draft standard for examination标准送审稿。

毕业设计--结晶器液压振动系统设计

system , And determine the working conditions according to the results of the whole system.
The calculation of the pump-driven power of the system is the average of the power required
in the vibration of the system under the working conditions. And the sine vibration equation
can be calculated.
The most components are selected through the calculation of the relevant parameters,
based on a sample of the products selection, to meet the system requirements.
Key words: Crystallizer; Hydraulic servo system; Exciting vibration; Sinusoidal
2.5.3 电磁换向阀的选取 ........................................... 9
3 辅助元件的选择计算 .................................................... 9
3.1 管路 ............................................................ 10
3.1.4 管接头 .................................................... 12

阀门英文术语翻译大全

阀门英文术语翻译大全CQ螺纹球阀 CQ Thread Ball ValvesL形三通式 L-pattern three wayT形三通式 T-pattern three way安全阀 Safety valve暗杆闸阀 Inside screw nonrising stem type gate valve 百叶窗; 闸板 shutter百叶窗式挡板 louver damper摆阀式活塞泵 swing gate piston pump保温式 Steam jacket type报警阀 alarm valve报警阀; 信号阀; 脉冲阀 sentinel valve背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve背压率 Rate of back pressure本体阀杆密封 body stem seal波纹管阀 Bellows valves波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve波纹管密封式 Bellows seal type波纹管平衡式安全阀 Bellows seal balance safety valve 波纹管式减压阀 Bellows reducing valve波纹管式减压阀 Bellows weal reducing valve薄膜 thin film薄膜; 隔膜 diaphragm薄膜式减压阀 Diaphragm reducing valve薄型闸阀 Thin Gate Valves不封闭式 Unseal type槽车球阀 Tank Lorry Ball Valves颤振 Flutter常闭式 Normally closed type常开式 Normally open type超低温阀门 Cryogenic valve超高压阀门 Super high pressure valve超过压力 Overpressure of a safety valve衬胶隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm衬胶截止阀 rubber lined globe valve垂直板式蝶阀 Vertical disc type butterfly valve磁耦合截止阀 Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves带补充载荷的安全阀 Supplementary loaded safety valve 带辅助装置的安全阀 Assisted safety valve单阀碟双面平行密封闸阀 parallel single disk gate valve 单口排气阀 Single Opening Exhaust Valves单向阀 Non-return Valve单闸板 Single gate disc单闸板平板闸阀 Single Disc Flat Gate Valves弹簧薄膜式减压阀 Spring diaphragm reducing valve弹簧式安全阀 Direct spring loaded safety valve弹簧座 Spring plate弹性闸板 Flexible gate disc当量计算排量 Equivalent calculated capacity挡板 damper导阀 Pilot valve导向套 Valve guide disc guide低温阀门 Sub-zero valve低压阀门 Low pressure valve底阀 bottom valve底阀 Foot valve电磁动装置 Eletro magnetic actuator电磁阀 magnetic valve电磁阀 solenoid valve电磁－液动装置 Eletro magnetichydraulic actuator电动阀 mortor operated valve电动阀 motorized valve电动截止阀 Electric Actuated Stop Valves电动平行式双闸板闸板 Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves 电动楔式闸阀 Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves电动装置 Electric actuator电－液动装置 Eletro hydraulic actuator电液伺服阀 electro-hydraulic servovalve调节弹簧 Regulation spring调节阀 adjusting valve调节阀 control valve调节阀 regulating valve调节螺套 Adjusting bolt Adjusting screw调节圈 Adjusting ring蝶板 Disc蝶阀；瓣阀 butterfly valve蝶阀；瓣阀；拍门；铰链阀 flap valve蝶式缓冲止回阀 Butterfly Type Non-slam Check蝶式止回阀 Butterfly swing check valve定比减压阀 Proprutioning pressure reducing valve定差减压阀 Fixed differential reducing valve定值减压阀 Fixed pressure reducing valve动态特性 Dynamic characteristics对焊连接阀 Buttwelding valves对夹蝶板阀 Wafer plate valves对夹式衬胶蝶阀 Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber Itning对夹式阀门 Clamp valves对夹式止回阀 Wafer Check Valves额定排量 Certified capacity额定排量系数 Derated coefficient of discharge 二通阀 Two-way valves阀 valve阀板 valve deck plate阀板 valve plate阀板式活塞泵 valve deck plate type piston pump 阀板式活塞泵 valve plate type piston pump阀瓣 Disc阀操纵杆 valve operating rod阀痤槽 valve seat recess阀挡 valve grid阀挡 valve positioner阀挡 valve stop阀导杆 valve tail rod阀导向器 valve guide阀盖 bonnet阀盖衬套 bonnet bush阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket阀杆 stem阀杆 valve rod阀杆 valve spindle阀杆端部尺寸 Dimmension of valve stem end阀杆环 stem ring阀杆螺母 Yoke bushing Yoke nut阀杆填料 stem packing阀杆头部尺寸 Dimension of valve stem head阀簧 valve spring阀簧压板 valve spring plate阀控水锤泵 valve-controlled hydraulic ram阀框架 valve yoke阀门 Valve阀门传动装置 valve bandle set阀门和管件 Valves and Fittings阀门盘根 valve packing阀门手柄 valve handle阀盘 disc阀盘 valve disc阀片 Disc阀球 valve ball阀驱动臂 valve driving arm阀驱动臂 valve motion arm阀式活塞 valve type piston阀式活塞 valve type bucket阀室式活塞泵 valve box type piston pump阀室式活塞泵（美） valve pot type piston pump阀抬起装置 valve lifting device阀体 body阀体 valve body阀箱 valve box阀箱 valve cage阀箱 valve chest阀箱；阀限位器 valve guard阀箱盖 cover for valve box阀箱盖 valve box cover阀箱式活塞泵（美） turret type piston pump阀形活塞泵 valve type piston pump阀座 Seat ring阀座 valve carrier阀座 valve seat(body seat)阀座；阀盘 valve seat阀座环 seat ring阀座密封嵌条 sealing strip for valve seat法兰 flange法兰堵头 blind flange法兰端 flange end法兰接头 flange joint法兰连接紧固件（双头螺栓和螺帽） flange bolting法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing法兰面加工 flange facing finish法兰球阀 Flange Ball Valves翻板阀 Flap反冲盘 Disc holder反向作用式减压阀 Reverse acting reducing valve反向作用式减压阀 Reverse acting reducing valve放空阀 emptying valve放气阀 air vent valve;vent valve放气阀；排气阀 air evacuation valve放泄阀 escape valve分置阀室式活塞泵 separate valve box type piston pump 分置阀室式活塞泵（美） side pot type piston pump封闭式 Seal type浮动式球阀 Float ball valve浮球 Ball float浮球阀 Float Valve浮球式疏水阀 Ball float steam trap浮球式疏水阀 Free Float Type Steam Trap浮桶 Bucket float浮桶式疏水阀 Open bucket steam trap辅助（副）阀 Auxiliary valves负荷率 Rate of load condensate附加背压力 Superimposed back pressure复位弹簧 Returnning spring杠杆式 Lever type杠杆式安全阀 Lever and weight loaded safety valve杠杆式减压阀 Lever reducing valve高温阀门 High temperature valve高压阀门 High pressure valve格兰密封 gland隔离阀 isolating valve隔膜 Diaphragm隔膜阀 diaphragm valve隔膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated comtrol valve工作背压 Operating back pressure工作温度 Operating temperature工作温度 Working temperature工作压差 Operting differential pressure工作压力 Operating pressure工作压力 Working pressure公称通径 Nominal diameter公称压力 Nominal pressure固定式球阀 Fixed ball valve关闭压力 Lockup pressure关阀过冷度 Subcooled temperature of close valve关阀温度 Closing valve temperature管道安全阀 Piping Safety Valves过冷度 Subcoold temperature过流阀(或节流阀) Restrictor Valves喉径 Throat diameter滑阀 slide valve滑阀式回转活塞泵 rotary piston pump with slide gate滑阀型转子泵 eccentric rotary pump with sliding sleeve 环形阀 annular valve环形阀 double beat valve换向阀 selector valve换向阀 shuttle valve回转滑阀活塞泵 piston pump with rotary gate回座压力 Re-seating pressure of a safety valve活塞昵减压阀 Piston reducing valve活塞式阀 piston valve活塞式阀；柱塞式阀 plunger valve活塞式减压阀 Piston reducing valve减速阀 Deceleration valves减压比 Pressure reducing ratio减压阀 pressure reducing valve浆液阀 Parallel Slide Valves角阀 Angle Valve角阀 isolation valve angle configuration角式 Angie type角式节流阀 Angle Throttle Valves角式截止阀 Angle Stop valves铰链阀；片状阀 flapper valve节流阀 throttle valve节流阀 choke valve节流阀；节流 throttle结构长度 Face-to-face dimension ;End-to-end dimension; Face-to-centre dimension结构形式 Type of construction截止阀 Globe valve截止阀 Shut-off Valve截止阀；关断阀 shut-off valve截止式隔膜阀 Globe diaphragm valve紧急切断阀 Emergeny Cut-off Valves进气阀 air intake valve进水阀；进口阀门 inlet valve静态特性 Static characteristics静态特性偏差 Static characteristics derivation开阀过冷度 Subcooled temperature of open valve开阀温度 Opening valve temperature开启高度 Lift壳体试验 Shell test壳体试验压力 Seal test pressure空气阀门 Air valves快速排污阀 Quick Draining Valves类型 Type冷凝结水排量 Cold condensate capacity冷态试验差压力 Cold differential test pressure理论排量 Theoretical flowing capacity连接槽尺寸 Dimension of connecting channel连接尺寸 Conncetion cimension连接形式 Type of connection帘面积 Curtain area流道面积 Flow area流道直径 Flow diameter流量孔板 flow orifice plate流量控制阀 flow control valve流量特性 Flow characteristics流量特性偏差 Flow characteristics derivation漏汽量 Steam loss脉冲式疏水阀 Impulse steam trap密封面 Sealing face密封试验 Seal test密封试验压力 Seal test pressure明杆平行式双闸板闸板 Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves明杆闸阀 Outside screw stem rising through handwheel type gate valve 膜片 Diaphragm内压自封 Pressure seat逆止阀；止回阀 check valve逆止阀；止回阀 non-return valve逆止阀;止回阀;单向阀 check valve排放背压力 Brilt-up back pressure排放压力 Relieving pressure排灰阀 Ash valves排量系数 Coefficient of discharge排气阀 air release valve排气阀 Exhaust valves排气阀 Vent Valve排水阀 Drainage valves排水温度 Temperature at discharging condensate排污阀 blowdown valve排污箱(阀) Waste Valves排渣闸阀 Scum Gate Valves盘阀 moushroom valve盘状阀 plate valve旁路阀 by pass valve配汽活塞阀缸套 piston valve line喷射阀 injection valve喷射阀 sprayer valve喷水阀 spray water valve频跳 Chatter平衡阀 Balance valves平衡式 Balance type平行式闸阀 Parallel gate valve Parallel slide valve启闭件 Disc启闭压差 Blowdown of a safety valve起始升程 Commencement of lift气动装置 Pneumatic actuator气阀摇臂 valve arm气－液动装置 Pneumatic-hydraulic actuator潜水电泵(排污泵) Submerged Motor Pumps切断阀;截止阀 block valve;shut-off valve;stop valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve切换阀;多向阀 changeover valve球、球芯 Ball球阀 Ball valve球阀 globe valve球体 Ball全启式安全阀 Fall lift safety valve热凝结水排量 Hot condensate capacity入口隔离门 suction isolating valve塞子 Plug三通阀 three-way isolating valve三通阀 three-way valve三通式 Three way type上密封 Back seat上密封试验 Back seal test渗漏量 Leckage升降立式止回阀 Vertical lift check valve升降式止回阀 Lift check valve适用介质 Suitable medium适用温度 Suitable temperature手摇油泵(阀) Manual Oil Pumps Valves疏水阀 drain valve双金属片式疏水阀 Bimetal elements steam trap双口排气球 Double Opening Exhaust Valves双联弹簧式安全阀 Duplex safety valve双闸板 Double gate disc双闸板平板闸阀 Double Disc Flat Gate Valves水封闸阀 Water Seal Gate Valves水力喷射器(真空泵) Vacuum Pumps伺服阀 servovalve填料 Packing填料垫 Packing seat填料函 Stuffing填料式旋塞阀 Gland packing plug valve填料箱 Stuffing box填料压盖 Gland通气阀 breather valve通气阀；呼吸器 breather通用阀门 General valve吐出阀；排出阀 discharge valve吐出阀限位器 delivery valve guard微启式安全阀 Low lift safety valve微阻缓闭止回阀 Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves吻合度 Percent of contact area蜗轮传动蝶阀 Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator蜗轮传动装置 Wormgear actuator屋脊式隔膜阀 Weir diaphragm valve无阀泵 valveless pump无阀隔膜泵 valveless diaphragm pump无阀振动泵 valveless vibration pump无负荷漏汽量 No-load steam loss无负荷漏汽率 Rate of no-load steam loss吸（抽）气阀 Aspirating valves吸入阀 suction valve吸入阀限位器 suction valve guard先导式安全阀 Pilot operated safety valve先导式液压阀 Pilot-operated reducing valve相对静偏差 Relative static characteristics derivation相对流量特性偏差 Relative flow characteristics derivation相对压力特性偏差 Relative pressure characteristics derivation 销轴 Hinge pin楔式闸阀 Wedge gate valve斜板式蝶阀 Indined disc butterfly valve泄料（放空，排污）阀 Blowdown valves泄压阀 Decompression valves泄压阀 pressure release valve泄压阀；安全阀 relief valve卸荷式减压阀 Balanced reducing valve型号 Type Model旋启多瓣式止回阀 Multi-disc swing foot valve旋启式止回阀 Swing check valve旋启双瓣式底阀 Double disc swing foot valve旋塞阀 Cock旋塞阀 plug valve压力（増压）阀 Pressure valve压力调节阀；压力控制阀 pressure controlled valve压力特性 Pressure characteristics压力特性偏差 Pressure characteristics derivation压力增长系数 Pressure increasing ratio摇杆 Arm液动装置 Hydraulic actuator液化气管件 LPG Pipe Fitting液下泵 Under Water Pumps液压执行器 hydraulic actuator仪表针形截止阀 Meter Needle Type Globe Valves溢流阀 overflow valve翼形阀；锥形阀 wing valve油封式旋塞阀 Lubricated plug valve有阀翼板 double acting wing有阀翼板 wing with valve有负荷漏汽量 Load steam loss有负荷漏汽率 Rate of load steam loss圆板阀；圆盘阀 disc valve圆盘式疏水阀 Shemostatic team trap圆柱齿轮传动装置 Cylindrical gear actuator圆锥齿轮传动装置 Conical gear actuator闸板 Wedge disc闸板式隔膜阀 Wedge diaphragm valve闸阀 gate valve闸阀 sluice valve针形阀 Pintle valve ; Needle valve真空破坏阀 vacuum breaker valve蒸汽疏水阀 Automatic steam trap Trap整定压力 Set pressure正向作用式减压阀 Direct acting reducing valve 支架 Yoke直接载荷式安全阀 Direct loaded safety valve 直接作用式减压阀 Direct-acting reducing valve 直流式 Y-globe type直流式截止阀 Oblique Stop Valve直通单向阀 inline check valve直通单向阀 straightway check valve直通阀 Throughway Valve止回阀 Check Valve止回阀；回流阀 reflux valve制动阀 Brake valves中压阀门 Middle pressure valve钟形浮子式疏水阀 Inverted bucket steam trap 钟形罩 Inverted bucket轴套 Axis Guide主阀 Main valve主要外形尺寸 Prime out-form dimensions主要性能参数 Specifeca tion speeification注液漏斗阀 Priming Tundish Valve柱塞阀 Plunger valve柱塞截止阀 Plunger Globe Valve柱塞型摆动阀 rocking plunger valve撞击手轮 Impact handwheel锥形阀；翼形阀 conical valve自动循环阀 Automatic Recirculation Valve组合阀 Combination valves最大过冷度 Maximum subcoold temperature最大流量 Maximum flow rate最大压差 Maximum differential pressure最低工作压力 Minimum operating pressure最高背压率 Maximum rate of back pressure最高工作背压 Maximum operating back pressure最高工作温度 Maximum operating temperature最高工作压力 Maximum operating pressure最高排水温度 Maximum temperature at discharging 最高允许温度 Maximum allwable temperature最高允许压力 Maximum allowable pressure最小过冷度 Minimum subcooled temperature最小压差 Minimum differntial pressure。

轮机英语专业词汇

轮机英语词汇目录1）第一部分柴油机Diesel Engine5）第二部分制冷和空调7）第三部分燃、滑油系统及油参数Fuel System ,Lubricating System &Oil Properties10）第4部分泵及其系统Pump &Pumping System11）第5部分船用锅炉Mair Boiler14）第6部分液压甲板机Hydraulic Deck Machinery17第7部分油水处理设备，轴系及推进器，造水机Oil Treatment,Oily Water Separator,Shafting &Propeller,Fresh Water Generator 18）第8部分交流发电机及配电板Alternating Current Generator& Switchboard20）第9部分法规及消防设备Watchkeeping,International Convention &Fire Fighting22）第10 部分维修常用词汇Useful Expressions in Repair List29）工具和量具Tools and Maeasuring Tools34）常用量词与缩写35）金属材料及其制品36）非金属材料及其制品36）化工材料37）电气材料37）油类38）紧固件,管接头39）船型40）船上构造The Structure of A ship第一部分柴油机Diesel Engine二冲程船用柴油机two stroke marine diesel engine四冲程船用柴油机four stroke marine diesel engine高（中，低）速柴油机high(medium, lower)speed engine气缸cylinder气缸盖cylinder cover(cylinder head)苏尔寿发动机Sulzer engineB&W型发动机Burmeister and Wain engine哥塔维根型发动机Gotaverken engine曼恩型发动机M.A.N.engineV型发动机V-type engine直流扫气式发动机uniflow scavenging type engine回流扫气式发动机loop flow scavenging type engine横流扫气式发动机crow-flow scavenging type engine十字头式发动机crosshead engine筒形活塞式发动机trunk-piston engine涡轮增压式发动机turbocharge engine固定部件fixed parts耐磨部件wear parts运动部件moving parts互换部件interchangeable parts气缸套cylinder liner示功阀indicator cock(indicator valve)安全阀safety valve气缸启动阀cylinder air starting valve缸套顶圈head ring for cylinder liner排气阀exhaust valve进气阀air inlet valve(suction valve)气阀传动机构valve driving mechanism顶杆tapper rod推杆push rod摇臂rocker rod (rocking lever)活塞piston十字头式活塞crosshead type piston筒形活塞trunk piston活塞头piston crown(head)活塞裙piston skirt活塞体piston body活塞销piston pin(gudgeon pin)活塞环piston ring气环（压缩环）compression ring刮油环oil scraper ring(oil ring,scraper ring)布油环oil distributing ring耐磨环wear ring活塞环槽piston ring groove活塞冷却水管piston cooling pipe往复管reciprocating pipe伸缩管telescope pipe铰链管articulated pipe活塞杆piston rod活塞杆凸缘piston rod flange活塞杆填料函stuffing box for piston rod活塞杆填料箱gland box for piston rod.packing gland for piston rod 填料函壳体stuffing box casing填料函张力弹簧tension spring for stuffing box填料函密封环sealing ring for stuffing box填料函刮油环scraper ring for stuffing box填料函压环pressure ring for stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland十字头cross head十字头销cross head pin十字头销轴承cross head bearing(cross head pin bearing)十字头滑块cross head shoe(guide shoe)十字头导板cross head guide(guide rail,guide way,guide plate)连杆connecting rod连杆小端轴承connecting rod small end bearing连杆大端轴承connecting rod large end bearing;connecting rod bottom end bearing 曲柄销轴承crankpin bearing曲轴crank shaft曲轴臂crank arm曲轴销crank pin曲轴箱crankcase曲轴箱道门crankcase door(crankcase manhole)曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion door主轴承main bearing (bed plate bearing)倒挂式主轴承main bearing of under slung type轴承轴瓦上半块bearing bush-upper half轴承衬下半块bearing shell-lower half主轴承撑杆螺栓main bearing stay bolt主轴颈crank shaft journal(main journal)机座bed plate底座横隔板bed plate transverse member机架frame(column,entablature)底角螺栓holding down bolt (anchor bolt)贯穿螺栓through bolt (tie rod,tie bolt)贯穿螺栓护盖protecting covering for tie rod贯穿螺栓导套guide bush for tie rod推力轴thrust shaft推力轴承thrust bearing推力块thrust pad盘车机turning gear废气涡轮增压器exhaust gas turbocharge (turbo-blower)增压系统super charging system机械增压mechanical supercharging单（复）式增压系统single(complex)type super charging system二级增压two-stage supercharging定压增压系统constant pressure charging system脉冲增压系统impulse pressure charging system变压增压variable pressure charging system串联增压super charging in series syatem并联增压super charging in parallel system直流扫气unislow scavenging回流扫气loop scavenging横流扫气cross scavenging气口扫气port scavenging气口-气阀扫气port-valve scavenging扫气口scavenging port排气口exhaust port排气总管exhaust manifold排气管exhaust pipe上止点top dead center(TDC)下止点bottom dead center(BDC)燃烧室combustion chamber吸气行程inlet(suction) atroke压缩行程compression stroke做功行程power (working) stroke排气行程exhaust stroke定时图timing diagram指示功indicated power轴功shaft power示功图indicator power控制系统control system启动控制装置control devic for starting起动装置starting devic主起动阀main starting valve空气压缩机air compressor空气瓶air bottle(air container,air cylinder,air reservoir) 起动手柄starting lever(starting handle)起动空气控制阀starting air control valve起动空气导阀starting air pilot valve起动阀starting valve分级活塞stepped piston起动阀连锁装置starting valve blocking device起动凸轮starting cam起动空气管starting air pipe单凸轮换向装置single cam reversing device双凸轮换向装置double cam reversing device正车凸轮ahead cam正车油缸ahead oil cylinder (ahead oil bottle)自动停车装置automatic cut-out device空气分配器凸轮air distributor cam转向指示器running direction indicator换向杆reversing lever换向控制杆reversing control lever排气凸轮exhaust cam喷油凸轮fuel cam主起动阀手轮hand wheel for starting valve飞轮flywheel;turning wheel调速器goernor调速装置control device for running the engine 极限调速装置maximum-speed governor gear定速调速装置constant-speed governor gear全制式调速装置variable-speed governor gear机械调速器mechanical governor液压调速器hydraulic governor车钟telegraph凸轮传动机构camshaft transmission gear链条传动chain transmission(chain drive)齿轮传动gear tansmission链轮sprocket (sprocket wheel)惰轮idle wheel备车stand by engine完车finish engine停车stop engine微速前进（后退）dead slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）一slow ahead (astern)前进（后退）二half ahead (astern)前进（后退）三full ahead (astern)紧急前进（后退）三emergency full ahead(astern)起动start倒车reverse空气分配器air distributor气缸注油器cylinder lubricator第2 部分制冷和空调制冷refrigeration空调air conditioning通风ventilation盐水制冷brine refrigeration热电制冷thermoelectric refrigeration蒸汽压缩循环vapour-compression cyle制冷剂refrigerant直接制冷剂primary refrigerant间接制冷剂secondary refrigerant氟利昂freon氟化氢fluorinated hydrocarbon临界温度critical temperature压缩机compressor蒸发器evaporator感温包sensing bulb膨胀阀expansion valve电磁阀solenoid valve干燥器drier/dryer冷凝器condenser储液器liquid receiver油分离器oil seperator中间冷却器inter cooler内部均压装置internal equalizer风冷冷凝器air-cooled condenser双阀座截止阀double seat stop valve手动能量控制阀hand capacity control valve水量调节阀water regulating valve气动薄膜碟阀pneumatic film flap valve出液阀delivery valve出液管outlet pipe外平衡管outer balance pipe半封闭式压缩机semi-enclosed compressor节流阀throttle valve加湿器humidifier回油装置oil-return device回气管return pipe自动水量调节阀automatic water regulating valve自动液压能量控制装置automatic hydraulic capacity control device 压力控制器pressure control压差控制器differential pressure control吸入截止阀suction stop valve吸入滤网suction stainer充液阀charging valve冷凝器进入阀condenser inlet valve冷凝器出液阀condenser outlet valve冷却盘管cooling coil冷库insulted hold空气加热器air heater空气滤清器air cleaner油位检查镜inspection glass for oil level油预热器oil preheater卸载油缸unloading cylinder波纹管bellows制冷剂瓶refrigerant bottle热力膨胀阀thermostatic expansion valve毛细管capillary tube膜片diaphragm阀孔隙orifice恒温器thermostant诱导器inducer背压调节阀back-pressure valve浮动式自动回油阀floating type automatic oil return valve热交换器heat exchanger高压继电器high voltage relay温度调节器humidistat能量调节阀capacity regulator通风机ventilator舱室温度控制器cabin type temperature control排气融霜管discharge defrost pipe液位控制器liquid level control液体分离器liquid separator捡漏灯halide lamp船用臭氧发生器marine ozonizer温包式温度控制器phial type temperature controller湿度控制器humidity controller蒸发盘管evaporator coil tube散热器radiator空气调节器air conditioner二次空气系统secandary air conditioning system中央空调系统central air conditioning system高速诱导式空调系统high speed induction air conditioning system 半导体空调器semi-conductor air conditioner热泵式空调器heat-pump air conditioner窗式空调器window-type air conditioner毛发式气动湿度控制器pneumatic hair humidity controller风管air pipe出风栅outlet grid再加热盘管reheating coil空气干燥室air drying chamber顶式布风器top ventilator进风栅inlet grid挡水曲板curve flap翅片管tuberculat pipe散热盘管radiator coil tube挡板baffle翅状散热片fin波形散热片gill单风管系统single duct system双风管系统twin duct system分区加热器zone heater终端加热器terminal-heater压力通风plenum第3部分燃，滑油系统及油参数Fuel System ,Lubricating System &Oil Properties燃油系统fuel oil system双层底油舱double bottom fuel tank粗滤器strainer细滤器filter双联细滤器dual oil filter(duplex oil filter)燃油驳运泵fuel transfer pump沉淀柜settling tank分油机oil separator滑油柜/日用油柜lubricating oil tank\daily service tank加热器heater增压泵booster pump三通阀three way valve集油井oil head tank (oil header,oil collector buffer tank ,balance tank) 高压油泵（燃油喷射泵)fuel injection pump油孔式喷油泵（柱塞式油泵，plunger type fuel injection pump布式油泵）(Bosch fuel injection pump)回油孔fuel return hole进油孔fuel inlet hole柱塞（芯子）plunger柱塞套筒（柱塞导管）plunger guide bush(plunger barrel,plunger load)调节齿杆（调节齿条）control rack(toothed control rod)调节齿圈（调节齿套）control sleeve(control pinion)排油阀fuel delivery valve回油阀式高压油泵spill valve type fuel injection pump进油阀suction valve (spill valve,blowthrough valve)油量调节机构fuel relgulation linkage油泵行程调节杆regulating lever for pump stoke油压调节阀fuel pressure regulating valve保压阀pressure retaining valve高压油管high pressure fuel pipe喷油器fuel injector,fuel valve,fuel injection valve喷油器壳体fuel injector holder(fuel injector housing)喷油嘴injectin nozzle(nozzle)针阀needle valve针阀顶杆spindle溢流管overflow pipe蒸汽加热器steam heater蒸汽加热管steam heating pipe蒸汽加热盘管steam heating coil润滑系统lubricating system干油底壳式润滑dry oil sump type lubrication湿油底壳式润滑wet oil sump type lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication中压（低压）润滑系统medium pressure lubrication system(low pressure lubrication system) 气缸润滑cylinder lubrication轴承润滑bearing lubrication气缸注油器oil squirt(cylinder lubricator)吸油管suction duct(suction line)储油箱oil storage tank调节控制杆control lever for adjusting oil油孔oil orifice(oil hole)油道oil way(oil channel)油底壳oil sump(sump tank,crank bilge) 污油柜oil sludge tank滑油循环柜circulating lube oil tank滑油粗滤器lube oil strainer滑油泵lube oil pump滑油冷却器lube oil cooler比重（相对密度）specific gravity (relative density) 黏度viscosity发火质量ignition quality十六烷值cetane number柴油指数diesel index闪点（开口/闭口）flash point (open /closed)倾点pour point浊点cloud point凝点freezing point残碳值carbon residue灰份ash content水分water content硫分sulphur content热值calorific value机械杂质mechanical impurities油品等级grade of oil馏程distilling rang矾含量vanadium content铝含量alumminium content船用轻柴油marine gas oil (MGO)船用燃料油marine fuel oil(MFO)船用柴油marine diesel oil (MDO)中间燃料油internal fuel oil添加剂additive总酸值total acid number(TAN)强酸值strong acid number (SAN)总碱值total base number (TBN)沉淀物含量sediment抗氧化安定性oxidation resistance抗腐蚀性corrosion极压添加剂extreme pressure additive黏度指数viscosity index第4部分泵及其系统Pump &Pumping System船用泵marine pump立式泵vertical pump卧式泵horizontal pump单缸泵single cylinder pump双缸泵duplex pump单（双）作用泵single(double)-acting pump单级泵single-stage pump双级泵double-stage pump定量泵constant-delivery pump变量泵constant displacement pump(constant delivey pump) 自吸式泵self-priming pump非自吸式泵none-self priming pump容积式泵displacement pump轴流泵axial-flow pump离心泵centrifugal pump往复泵reciprocating pump活塞泵piston pump柱塞泵plunger pump径向柱塞泵radial plunger pump轴向柱塞泵axial plunger pump回转泵rotary pump叶片泵vane pump单（双）作用叶片泵single(double)-acting pump齿轮泵gear pump水环泵water ring pump内（外）齿轮泵inside(outside)gearing pump螺杆泵screw pum液压泵hydraulic pump径流泵radial-flow pump旋涡泵volute pump喷射泵ejector pump蒸汽直接作用泵direct-acting steam driven pump主机驱动泵min-engine-driven pump冷却水（油）泵cooling water(oil)pump给水泵feed pump备用给水泵donkey feed water pump卫生水泵sanitary pump出灰泵ash-ejecting pump压载水泵ballast pump污水泵sewage pump凝水泵condensate pump引水泵priming pump(primer pump)盐水泵brine pump淡水泵fresh water pump消防泵fire pump舱底水泵bilge pump循环泵circulating pump真空泵vacuum pump驳运泵transfer pump排污泵slusge pump变量泵variable output pump洗仓泵tank cleaning pump增压泵booster pump泵壳pump housing泵体pump body泵缸pump cylinder泵缸套pump line填料箱stuffing box吸入阀suction valve净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH)系统水头损失system head loss泵浦特性曲线pump characteristic curve排出discharge (delivery)流道liquid path叶轮impeller (vane wheel)扩压管diffuser蜗壳volute管路pipe line旋塞（考克）cock止回阀non-return valve碟形阀butterfly valve闸板阀gate valve转阀rotary(rotating) valve滑阀slide (sliding)valve球形阀globe valve安全阀relief valve速闭阀quick closing valve (strip valve)集中引水系统central priming system (CPS)第5部分船用锅炉Mair Boiler火（水）管锅炉fire (water) tube boiler立（卧）式锅炉vertical (horizonatal)boiler直（横，弯，盘，指）管锅炉straight(cross,bent,coil,thimble)-tube boiler废气锅炉exhaust boiler管式锅炉tubular boiler筒形锅炉cylindr boiler (shell type boiler)鼓筒形锅炉drum boiler燃油辅助锅炉oil-burning auxiliary boiler立式横烟管锅炉vertical fire tube boiler卧式三回程火管锅炉horizontal triple-pass fire tube boiler盘管式强制循环废气锅炉coil-tube forced-circulation exhaust boiler 人孔门manhole door水包water drum水管联箱water header水冷壁water-cooled wall (water screen, water wall) 上升管riser tube下降管down comer后水冷壁rear water wall tube侧水冷壁side water wall tube沸腾联箱steaming header沸水管boiling-water tube炉膛furnace (fire box)炉胆furnace flue炉排fire bar(fire grate)炉门fire door炉衣boiler clothing (boiler lagging)炉墙furnace wall耐火砖衬层fire-brick lining挡烟墙baffle wall给水阀feed water valve给水截止阀feed water stop valve给水止回阀feed water check valve汽鼓（汽锅筒）steam drum汽水分离器steam purifier (steam separator)内给水管intrnal feed pipe给水离子交换器feed water ion exchanger省煤器（经济器）economizer上部联管upper header下部联管lower header前部联管front header后部联管rear header进口分配联管inlet distributing header出口分配联管outlet distributing header水位表water level gauge玻璃水位表glass water level gauge低位水位表bottom water level gauge远距离水位显示计remote water level indicator水位计分支阀（通汽考克，通水考壳）water level root valve(steam cock,water cock) 光滑管plain tube带肋片的蛇形管coil tube with ribs水位调节器water level regulator低水位保险装置low-water level cut-off device危险水位报警器low-water level alarm热水井hot well热水循环泵hot water regulating pump水处理water treatment上排污阀surface blow-down valve底部排污阀bottom blow down valve上（下）部吹除阀surface(bottom) blow-off valve浮渣盘scum dish烟管smoke tube烟箱smoke chamber(smoke box)烟道smoke flue烟囱chimney(funnel)烟喉furnace uptake牵条stay牵条管stay tube支承管support tube波形管sinuflo tube麻花管swirlyflo tube吹灰器soot blower单层盘管single-layer tube燃烧器oil burner燃油预热器oil preheater雾化器burner atomize (sprayer)雾化片sprayer plate喷油嘴burner tip (nozzle)喷油嘴管架nozzle support喷油嘴体nozzle holder喷孔nozzle hole(nozzle orifice)旋涡室swirl chamber点火器igniter点火喷油嘴ignition nozzle点火变压器ignition transformer预燃室precombustion chamber调风器air register调风门air damper风门throttle (air intake flap)风门伺服器servomotor for throttle regulation风口draught door风箱burner wind box风机blower手调风门hand regulating throttle空气调温器air attemperator空气扩散盘air diffuse disk导流器air director空气调节器air regulator (air register)强制通风机force draught fan火焰检测器flame detector火口fire hole(combustion head)比例操作器proportional ratio apparatus压力比例操作器pressure ratio regulator停汽阀steam stop valve集汽管steam receive蒸汽分配器steam distributor阻汽器steam trap过热器super-heater减热器desuper heater旋风汽水分离器cyclone steam separator除氧器deaerator第6部分液压甲板机械Hydraulic Deck Machinery液压泵hydraulic pump径向柱塞泵radial plunger pump中央阀center valve配油轴oil distribution shaft配油盘oil distribution disc配油套oil distribution sleeve配油口oil distribution port配油壳oil distribution casing配油阀oil distribution valve浮动环floating ring压力管pressure pipe伺服活塞srevo-piston差动活塞differential piston倾斜盘swash plate液压放大器hydraulic amplifier液压马达hydraulic motor高速小扭矩油马达high speed low torque oil motor齿轮式（叶片式，轴向柱塞式）油马达gear-type (vane-type,axial-plunger-type)oil motor 低速大扭矩油马达low speed high torque oil motor柱塞式油马达plunger-type oil motor径向柱塞式油马达radial-plunger-type oil motor单作用径向柱塞式油马达single-acting radial-plunger-type oil motor轴向双斜盘式油马达axial-double-tilting frame type oil motor液压油缸hydraulic oil cylinder单作用柱塞油缸single-acting plunger oil cylinder摆动油缸oscillating oil cylinder差动油缸differential oil cylinder转叶式油缸rotary-vane-type oil cylinder定叶fixed vane转叶rotary vane密封条sealing strip定子stator转子totor压力控制阀pressure control valve顺序阀sequence valve直控～direct-control valve单向～one-way valve(check valve)卸载～off-load valve遥控～telecontrolled valve液控～hydraulically controlled valve减压阀pressure-reducing valve定压～constant pressure valve定差～constant difference valve定比～constant ratio valve溢流阀overflow valve先导式～pilot valve直动式～direct-acting valve差动式～differential valve流量控制阀flow control valve节流阀throttle valve调速阀speed-regulating valve方向控制阀direction control valve直通式～straight one-way valve直角式～angle one way valve手动截止阀hand stop valve (hand cut-off valve)双路油压自锁阀double-circuit oil pressure self-closing valve 换向阀change-over valve (change valve)电磁～electro-magnetic valve电液～electro-hydraulic valve转阀（滑阀）ritary valve (side valve)三位四通阀three-position four-way valve主阀main valve辅阀auxiliary valve先导阀pilot valve阻尼孔damper hole节流缝隙throttle slot舵机steering gear定量泵开式系统open oil system of the constant delivery pump变量泵闭式系统closed oil system of the variable delivery pump撞杆式舵机ram type steering gear转叶式舵机rotary vane type steering gear工况选择阀operating mode selector valve手动旁通阀hand by-pass valve反馈杆feed back rod自锁阀self-locking valve防浪阀storm valve舵rudder舵柱rudder post舵柄rudder tiller舵托（承）rudder carrier舵叶rudder blade舵杆rudder stock撞杆ram操纵系统control system机械杠杆反馈式追随机构follow-up system of the mechanical lever feedback type 应急手动操纵装置emergency hand control device浮动杆floating lever副杠杆auxiliary lever遥控操舵装置telemotor steering gear起货装置cargo handing gear起货绞车cargo winch回转起货机crane吊扬索（千斤索）topping lift吊货杆boom(derrick boom)吊臂jib(crane jib)吊臂止动器jib stopper机械制动器machanicalbrake防索松保护器slack wire protection变幅绞车luffing winch货物定位装置cargo psotler差动型限位开关differential limit switich旋转绞车slewing winch带式刹车band brake旋转底盘slewing rim起锚机windlass止链器cable stopper锚anchor锚链anchor chain(anchor cable,chain cable)锚链轮chain lifter(cable lifter,cable holder)锚链舱chain locker链轮止动器chain lifter brake离合器clutch绞盘capstan绞盘卷筒capstan barrel带缆卷筒warping drum锚链卷筒chain drum绞车卷筒winch barrel(winch drum ,winding barrel)第7部分油水处理设备，轴系及推进器，造水机Oil Treatment,Oily Water Separator,Shafting &Propeller,Fresh Water Generator分油机oil separator离心分油机oil centrifuge分杂机clarifier分水机purifie造水机fresh water generator真空沸腾式造水机vacuum boiling type fresh-water genetator真空闪发式造水机vacuum flash type fresh-water generator工作水operating water冲洗水flushing water配水盘paring disc活动底盘sliding bowl bottom滑动圈operating slide污渣出口sludge outlet分离筒separator bowl分离筒本体bowl body分离筒盖bowl hood分离筒转轴bowl spindle分离盘bowl discs机盖frame cap阻水环damp ring比重环gravity disc油水分离器oily water separator舱底水bilge锥形盘conical plates粗粒化coalesce放油阀oil drain valve检验旋塞check cock自动空气释放阀automatic air rlease valve除油阀oil rcovery valve (recovered oil valve)液位探测电极liquid level electronic probe除渣阀scum valve自动出油阀automatic oil outlet valve储油柜oil storage tank控制板control panel轴系shafting螺旋桨propeller传动轴transmission shaft中间轴intermeditate shaft (tunnel shaft)推力轴thrust shaft单环推力轴single collar thrust shaft艉轴tail shaft (tube shaft)可调螺距螺旋桨adjustable pitch propeller (variable pitch propeller,controllable pitch propeller)定距桨constant pitch propeller固定桨叶螺旋桨fixed-blade propeller艏部螺旋桨bow propeller横向推理器transverse propeller左（右）螺旋桨left(right)handed propeller推力轴承thrust block推力块thrust pad推力环thrust collar刮油器scraper挡油圈oil deflector油位显示器oil level indicator单环推力轴承（密歇尔推力轴承）Michell thrust bearing(single collar(thrust)bearing)支撑轴承（中间轴轴承)tunnel bearing(intermediate shaft bearing)艉轴管轴承sterntube bearing (stern bearing)铁梨木轴承lignumvitae bearing水润滑轴承water-lubricated bearing白合金轴承white metal bearing桨叶propeller blade空泡cavitation螺旋桨空泡propeller-cavitation压力面空泡pressure-face cavitation(face cavitation)吸力面空泡suction-face cavitation导边空泡leading edge cavitation蒸发器evaporator加热器heater冷凝器condenser挡水器demiser抽气喷射器air ejector凝水泵distillate pump盐水泵brine pump闪发室flash chamber盐度计salinity indicator第8部分交流发电机及配电板Alternating Current Generator& Switchboard交流发电机altemator直流发电机dynamo发电机generator电磁式发电机electro-magnetic generator励磁场线圈magnetic field coil自励self-excited串励serise-wound并励shunt-wound复励compound-wound定子stator转子rotor电刷electric brush灭弧罩arc shield原动机prime motor配电箱distribution board主配电板main switch board区域配电板section board汇流排bus bar配电板load-dispatching board(switch board) 频率fequency相位phase同相in phase同步指示器synchroscope自动电压调节器automatic voltage regulator (AVR)自动分载装置automatic load-sharing device自动调频调载器automatic frequency and load regulator 发电机屏genertor pnel试验板test board供电网supply network岸电接线箱shore connection box脱扣装置trip device保护装置protection device欠压装置under-voltage protection失压装置no-voltage protection过载保护over-load protection过流保护over-current protection逆功率保护reverse power protection缺相保护open-phase protection短路电流保护short circuit current protection操纵平台control platform开关switch过载开关overload switch双刀开关double pole switch限位开关limit switch断路器breaker断流器cut-out自动断路器automatic circuit breaker过载断路器over load circuit breaker空气断路器air circuit breaker整流器rectifier变压器transformer耦合变压器couple transformer放大器amplifier换向器commutator起动器stater继电器relay电抗器reactor电阻器resisor电容器condenser (capacitor)接触器contactor接线盒connection box并车操作parallel operation电流表ammeter电压表voltmeter功率表wattmeter频率表frequency meter并车开关paralleling switch电动机motor三相电动机three-phase motor同步感应电动机synchronous induction motor异步电动机asynchronous motor鼠笼式电动机squirrel cage motor第9部分法规及消防设备Watchkeeping,International Convention &Fire Fighting STCW 公约《1978年海员international convention on standards of training, 培训，发证和值班标准certification and watchkeeping for seafarers 1978国际公约》值班watchkeeping值班人员watchkeeper (watchkeeping personnel)航行值班underway watch接班人员relief定员rating任职资格qualification值班要求watch requirements对职责的适应fitness for duty职责范围areas of responsibility日常调节routine adjustment逃生路线escape routes驾驶台命令bridge order轮机日志engine room log book无人机舱un-attended machinery space (UMS)(unmanned machinery space)国际公约international convention国际海事组织international maritime organization (IMO)海事委员会maritime commission()MARPOL公约《1973年防止international convention for the prevention of pollution船舶污染国际公约》（1978年修正）from ships 1973 (as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating therto)SOLAS公约《国际海上人命安全公约》international convention for the safety of life at sea油类记录簿oil record book国际防止污染证书(IOPP)international oil pollution prevention certificate原油洗舱(COW) crude oil washing system惰性气体系统(IGS) inert gas system专用压载舱(SBT) segregated ballast tanks清洁压载舱(CBT) clean ballast tanks排油监控系统oil discharge monitoring and control system焚烧炉incinerator散装有害液体货物记录簿cargo record book for ships carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk 国际散装有害液体运输防污证书international pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquid substances in bulk客船安全证书passenger ship safety certificate货船无线电安全证书cargo ship safety radio certificate货船结构安全证书cargo ship safety construction certificate货船设备安全证书cargo ship safety equipment certificate中国船级社china classification society(CCS)中华人民共和国船舶检验局the register of shipping of the people's republic of china (ZC)定期检验periodical survey更新检验renewal survey年检annual survey中间检验intermediate survey火警探测器fire detector感烟探测器smoke detector火焰探测器flame detector感温探测器heat detector烟管警报系统smoke pipe fire alarm system蜂鸣器buzzer警铃alarm bell警报器howler灭火剂extinguishant灭火设备fire fighting equipment固定灭火设备fixed fire fighting equipment便携式灭火器portable extinguisher碳酸钠与酸混和灭火器soda-acid extinguisher泡沫式灭火器foam extinguisher化学泡沫式灭火器chemical foam extinguisher机械泡沫式灭火器mechanical foam extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon-dioxide extinguisher干粉灭火器dry powder extinguisher插销plunger钢瓶steel container喷嘴nozzle把手handle排出管discharge hose触发开关trigger control喇叭状喷管horn固定灭火装置fixed fire fighting installation救火泵fire pump应急救火泵emergency fire pump增压泵booster pump消防栓hydrant皮龙管hosepipe(hose)快速扣合接头snap-in connector喷头sprinkler head (sprayer)泡沫发生器foam generator惰性气体发生器insert gas generator消防部署fire fighting strategy消防演习fire fighting drills呼吸面具breathing apparatus卤化烃系统halon system卤化烃1301 halon 1301(BTM)卤化烃1211 halon 1211(BCF)第10 部分维修常用词汇Useful Expressions in Repair ListA. 故障Troubles发现已无法修复found beyond repir发现尺寸过大found over-sized发现反应缓慢found slow function发现不正常found out of order发现不合标准found not up to standard发现不准确found inaccurate发现失效found ineffective发现失去作用found out of function发现咬住found seized发现冻结found stuck fast by icing发现过热found over heated发现过度磨损found excessive wear(found worn out;found worn away) 发现有一点倾斜found a little bit inclined发现因过热而毁坏found destroyed by over heating发现龟裂found chapped发现塌陷found collapaed发现运转失灵found out of operation发现呈椭圆形found oval发现拉痕found scored发现拉毛面积found scuffed about XX in area发现变形found deformed发现变形超过xx mm found deformed over a length of XX MM发现松动found loose发现油污found greasy发现赃污found dirty发现挤铅found squeezed发现弯曲found bent发现故障found faulty发现结霜found frosted发现损坏found damaged发现破裂成片found broken into pieces发现部分剥离found partly detached发现部分阻塞found partly blocked发现剧烈震动found violent vibration发现效率不高found low efficiency发现挠曲found twisted发现烧坏found burnt发现堵塞found choked发现断裂found fractured发现接地found earthed发现敲缸found knocking发现漏泄found leaking(leaky)发现熔化found melted away发现缩减约10mm found reduced about 10 mm发现在气缸内卡住found jammed up in the cylinder在某部位发现裂纹found cracked in way of如必要if necessary如发现必要if found chapped如发现有毛病any defectives if found一般要求General Requirements一式两份交轮机长to be handed over to C/Ein duplicate(two copies)一式三份交轮机长to be handed over to C/Ein triplicate(three copies)一式四份交轮机长to be handed over to C/E in quadruplicate送交轮机长to be sent to C/E(to be delivered to C/E;TO be submitted to C/E) 厂供to be supplied by yard以备检验to be prepared for survey用波浪键修补to be remedied by means of metallock用船上备件替换to be replaced with ship's spare用千斤顶提起to be jacked up出具证书certificates to be issued出具检验报告survey report to be issued充to be charged充以二氧化碳气体to be filled with co2 gas运至to be transported to取消to be cancelled供应to be provided供验船师检验to be presented for surveyor's inspection所有钢瓶测试all bottles to be calibrated所有钢瓶称重all bottles to be weighted制造并供应to be made and supplied按现有的制作并安装to be fabricated and installed according to the existing one 除霜to be defrosted砌to be paved重充氟里昂12 to be refilled with freon 12重充水银ti be recharged with marcury送至to be removed to(to be sent to;to be transferred to )送车间修理to be sent to work shop for repaira退回船上作备用to be returned to ship as spare绘制图纸交船srawing to be made and sumitted to ship按要求修理to be repaired as required按302项处理treated as item 302换新to be renewed消除eliminated修理时用盲板封口blinded during repair移至to beshifted to船供to be supplied by ship提供作备件用to be supplied as spare船舶所有人供应to be supplied by owner焊补to be patched up by welding提供to be furnished割掉to be cut off照样新作newly made as per sample增加to be addedC拆卸Dismantling从环槽中取出to be taken out from ring grooves打开检查to be opened up for inspection用干冰拧松to be shrunken with dry ice(to be softened with dry ice)用加热放松to be untightened by heating吊出to be lifted out拆卸to be dismantled拧松to be loosened拔出to be drawn out拔出检查to be pulled out for inspection。

机械类专业课程名称中英文对照

机械类专业课程名称中英文对照第一篇：机械类专业课程名称中英文对照机械制图 Mechanical Drawing可编程序控制技术 Controlling Technique for Programming金工实习Metal Working Practice毕业实习Graduation Practice理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 材料力学 Material Mechanics数字电子电路 Fundamental Digital Circuit机械控制工程 Mechanical Control Engineering可靠性工程 Reliability Engineering机械工程测试技术Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering计算机控制系统 Computer Control System机器人技术基础 Fundamentals of Robot Techniques最优化技术 Techniques of Optimum工程测试与信号处理 Engineering Testing & Signal Processing 金属工艺及设计 Metal Technics & Design机械工业企业管理Mechanic Industrial Enterprise Management机械零件课程设计 Course Design of Machinery Elements投资经济学 Investment Economics现代企业管理 Modern Enterprise Administration市场营销学 Market Selling生产实习Production Practice课程设计 Course Exercise有限元法 FInite Element金工实习Metalworking Practice液压传动 Hydraulic Transmission微机原理及接口技术 Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer微机原理及接口技术Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer数控技术 Digit Control Technique活塞膨胀机 Piston Expander 活塞式制冷压缩机 Piston Refrigerant Compreessor活塞式压缩机 Piston Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计 Basic Design of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度 Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor 活赛压机气流脉动 Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor货币银行学 Currency Banking基本电路理论 Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作 Fundamental Course of Composition机床电路 Machine Tool Circuit机床电器 Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制 Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学 Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计 Machine Tool design机床数字控制 Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动 Machinery T ool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动 Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制 Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control 机电耦合系统 Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems机电一体化 Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学 Structuring机器人 Robot机器人控制技术 Robot Control Technology机械产品学 Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计 Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础 Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化 Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性 Mechanical Reliability机械零件 Mechanical Elements机械零件设计 Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design 机械零件设计基础 Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计 Mechanical Designing机械设计基础 Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计 Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理 Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理 Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件 Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计 Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计 Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制 Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论 Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学 Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础 Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学)Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing(Meta机械制造系统自动化 Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture互换性与技术测量 Elementary Technology of ExchangeabilityMeasurement焊接方法 Welding Method焊接方法及设备 Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验 Welding T esting焊接结构 Welding Structure焊接金相 Welding Fractography焊接金相分析 Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金 Welding Metallurgy焊接原理 Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺 Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials工程材料及热处理 Engineering Material and Heat Treatment 工程材料学 Engineering Materials工程测量 Engineering Surveying工程测试技术 Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论 Introduction to Engineering工程概预算 Project Budget工程经济学 Engineering Economics工程静力学 Engineering Statics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估 Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法 Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理 Engineering Cost Management工程制图 Graphing of Engineering电机学 Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机 Electrical Machinery Control & Technology第二篇：机械名称中英文对照一、除大块机Eliminates the bulk machine二、齿型筛分除杂物机The screening and eliminates the sundry goods machine三、振动煤箅Vibration Coal Grate四、滚轴筛Roller Screen五、滚筒筛Trommel Screen六、振动概率筛Vibration Probability Screen七、减振平台Antivibration Platform八、布料器Distributing Device九、皮带机头部伸缩装置Conveyer Belt Telescopiform Device十、胶带给料机Belt Feeder十一、往复式给料机Reciprocating Feeder十二、振动给煤机Vibrator Feeder十三、叶轮给煤机Coal Impeller Feeder十四、埋刮板输送机Buried Scraper Conveyer十五、螺旋输送机Screw Conveyer十六、板式喂料机Apron Feeder十七、缓冲弹簧板式大块输送机Buffer Spring Apron Bulk Converyor十八、斗式提升机Chain-Bucket Elevator十九、TD75、DTⅡ型带式输送机Type TD75/DTII Belt Conveyer二十、电动三通3-Through-Chute With Electric Drive Gate 二十一、重力式煤沟挡板Gravity Type Coal Ditch Baffle二十二、物料稳流器Material Constant Staticizer二十三、犁式卸料器、刮水器Plough Type Tripper/Wiper 二十四、栈桥冲洗器Flusher二十五、喷雾除尘系统Exhaust System 二十六、缓冲锁气器Buffer Air Lock 二十七、缓冲滚筒Snub Pulley二十八、二十九、三十、缓冲平台Buffer Platform 胶带防撕裂保护装置Belt Protective Device 链斗卸车机Bucket-Chain Unloader第三篇：机械专业英语文章中英文对照英语原文NUMERICAL CONTROLNumerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job.When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed.The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production.It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools：point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running.Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring.The N/C system consists of the following components：data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment.Data inpu t, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means.Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs.Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials,pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors.These are located on a console near the machine.Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer.In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices.Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation.It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases.In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape.Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems.The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks.Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two.The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks.Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film.Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop.Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling.In this case, the operator simply loads and1unloads the parts.Punched tapes ale prepared on type writers with special tape—punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system.Tape production is rarely error-free.Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer, in card punching or compilation, or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling, etc.Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape.While the data on the tape is fedautomatically, the actual programming steps ale done manually.Before the coded tape may be prepared, the programmer, often working with a planner or a process engineer, must select the appropriate N/C machine tool, determine the kind of material to be machined, calculate the speeds and feeds, and decide upon the type of tooling needed.The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program.A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications.The control unit receives and stores all coded data until a complete block of information has been accumulated.It then interprets the coded instruction and directs the machine tool through the required motions.The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone, where, as each digit is dialed, it is stored.When the entire number has been dialed, the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed.Silicon photo diodes, located in the tape reader head on the control unit, detect light as it passes through the holes in the moving tape.The light beams are converted to electrical energy, which is amplified to further strengthen the signal.The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit, where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives.Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters per second.High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous machine—tool motion；otherwise dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations.The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the controlsystem can process the data.A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compensate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool.An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a closed-loop system.Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which, during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit.Signals thus received ale compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified.In an alternative system, called an open—loop system, the machine is positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controllers.There is one basic type of NC motions.Point-to-point or Positional Control In point-to-point control the machine tool elements(tools, table, etc.)are moved to programmed locations and the machining operations performedafter the motions are completed.The path or speed of movement between locations is unimportant;only the coordinates of the end points of the motions are accurately controlled.This type of control is suitable for drill presses and some boring machines, where drilling, tapping, or boring operations must be performed at various locations on the work piece.Straight-Line or Linear Control Straight-Line control systems are able to move the cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes of the machine tool at a controlled rate suitable for machining.It is normally only possible to move in one direction at a time, so angular cuts on the work piece are not possible, consequently, for milling machines, only rectangular configurations can be machined or for lathes only surfacesparallel or perpendicular to the spindle axis can be machined.This type of controlled motion is often referred to as linear control or a half-axis of control.Machines with this form of control are also capable of point-to-point control.The original N/C used the closed—loop system.Of the two systems, closed and open loop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence, is generally more expensive.Initially, open—loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors.Recent advances in the development of electro hydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.中文译文数控技术数控是可编程自动化技术的一种形式,通过数字、字母和其他符号来控制加工设备。

2. Liquid Sizing

Computer Sizing (FIRSTVUE)Fisher Liquid SizingFortunately, sizing software allows specifiers to quickly calculate C v requirements and to evaluate several different valve types and sizes. The fluid properties and service conditions that are required to perform a basic sizing calculation (no viscosity corrections and a non-cavitating fluid) are discussed below.Fluid (Liquid) - Enter the name of the fluid, or select a fluid that is in the database. If a fluid is selected from the database, some physical properties are automatically inserted in the proper fields. For liquids, Pc is supplied.Specific Gravity (SG) - The SG of the fluid at flowing conditions may be found in process data and other sources. The Fisher Control Valve Handbook also lists physical properties for many fluids in the tables that begin on page 200.P1 - The upstream pressure. Observe the units option that has been selected. Recall that a pressure in psig is converted to psia by adding 14.7 (or the local atmosphereic pressure) to the pressure in psig.dP - The differential pressure across the valve; i.e., P1 minus P2 - dimensionless. T - The temperature of the fluid at the valve inlet. Observe units.Q - The flow rate. Observe units.K m - The recovery coefficient of the selected valve. Values are published in Fisher Catalog 10 and they are shown in the C v tables in the FirstVue software.P v - The vapor pressure of the fluid. Refer to supplied process data and the Control Valve Handbook tables that begin on page 200.P c - Critical Pressure of the fluid. Refer to supplied process data and the Control Valve Handbook tables that begin on page 200.Valve Type - Select from standard or specialty type valves from the pull-down menu.Downs Pipe Size - Size, in the engineering units specified during setup, of the piping downstream of the control valve.Downs Pipe Sched - Schedule of the piping downstream of the control valve. Select from a pull-down menu.Figure3-23. FIR STV UE V alve Sizing Screen For the Fisher Liquid MethodExercise 1. Size a Control Valve for Propane Flow A. Fisher MethodUsing the Fisher Equations in FIRSTVUE, perform the following:Procedures are given on the following page.unch and setup the software2.Solve for the required C v using the Fisher liquid equations3.Select a valve type4.Develop a specification and enter the information that is required at thebottom of this page.General InformationValve Type: Sliding StemFluid:Propane (liquid)Line Size: 14” Schedule 40Shutoff: ANSI Class IICharacteristic: Equal PercentageService ConditionsMinimum Flow Maximum Flow ShutoffP1, psig141011101450DP, psi40015600T, deg. F606060Q, gpm127525000Valve SpecificationMinimum Flow C v:Maximum Flow C v:Valve Type:Size (Body/Port): / ANSI Class:Body Material:% Travel @ Minimum Flow:% Travel @ Maximum Flow: Yoke Boss Diameter:Stem Size:Trim #:Packing:Procedures for Exercise 1Launch and Setup FIRSTVUEFor the steps that follow, refer to the figure above.Step 1.To launch the FIRSTVUE Sizing Program, click on the Windows Start button, then select Programs,Firstvue, and FIRSTVUE.Step 2.Click on the Sizing tab.Step 3.Ensure that only the Minimum and Maximum conditions are highlightedStep 4.Click on the Sizing Config button. A screen similar to the one below will appear.Step 5.Click on the All English buttonStep 6.Review the other fields on this screen.Step 7.Click on OK.Procedures to Perform Initial SizingThe first step in sizing is perform the sizing calculations using all available data and estimates for unknown data such as valve K m.Step 8.Click on Spreadsheet.On the screen that appears (similar to the one shown below), note that,in general, you must enter data in the non-colored fields. Yellow fieldswill show calculated results.For each of the conditions (min and max), enter the required data asfollows:Step 9.In the Sizing For section on the left-hand side of the screen, ensure that the Liquid button is selected.Step 10.Click on the drop down menu arrow for the liquid and select Propane.Note that the value of P c is automatically entered.Step 11.Refer to page 200 of the Control Valve Handbook and locate the Specific Gravity (SG) of liquid propane. Enter the value in the sizingprogram.Step 12.Enter values for P1,dP,T, and Q.Step 13.Enter an estimated value of K m. For a standard sliding-stem valve, an estimated value of about 0.8 is appropriate.Step 14.Refer to page 200 of the Control Valve Handbook and locate the vapor pressure (P v) of liquid propane. Enter the value in the sizingprogram.Step ing the drop-down menu, set the valve type as Standard.Step 16.When all values have been entered for all conditions, click on the Calculate button.Step 17.Note and record the C v that is required at minimum and maximum flow.a)C v required at minimum flow _____b)C v required at maximum flow _____Initial Valve Size SelectionStep 18.Click on the Flow Coeff's button. A screen similar to the one shown below will appear.Step 19.in the Equation section, ensure that the Fisher Equation is selected. Step 20.In the Data Displayed Area, ensure that only the C v box is checked. Step 21.In the Units section, ensure that Inches are selected.Step 22.In the Calculated Flow section, select the Maximum flow option. Step 23.Select Valve Type and Style options as follows:a)Style - Globeb)Type - EDc)When the menu expands, select (double-click) on the equal-percentage option.Step 24. A table of flow coefficients will appear. Scroll through the table and identify a valve that provides the minimum C v at approximately 10percent travel (or greater) and the maximum C v at approximately 90percent travel (or less).Tip: If you highlight Maximum Flow in the Calculated Flow section,the software will automatically highlight valve selections that provideadequate capacity for the maximum flow condition. The software willalso highlight potentially acceptable valve sizes for any other flowcondition that is highlighted.Step 25.The 8-inch ED with 2-inch travel appears to be the best selection.Select (double-click) this entry and then click on the Select button. Step 26.You will be asked if you wish to overwrite certain parameters in the initial sizing spreadsheet with actual values for this valve type andsize. Click on Yes when any such question appears.Step 27.Click on SpreadsheetStep 28.Note that the program has automatically entered the actual values of K m for the selected valve.Final SizingAt this point, you need update all equation values as necessary and perform a final sizing calculation. After actual valve data was imported into the spreadhseet, the software automatically recalculated the required C v's. To test this, perform the following:Step 29.Click on the Calculate button to calculate new C v values using the actual values of K m for the selected valve.ii)Did the C v requirements change? _____iii)Are the recalculated requirements different from the initialcalculations?If the new values are different, you must return to the C v tables andverify that the initially selected valve is ok. If the C v requirements didnot change as a result of adj usting the valaue of K m, then the initallyselected valve size is acceptable.Valve Selection ConsiderationsConsider the following as you develop a valve specification:Valve Type - Select a Type ED, balanced design which reduces the actuator size compared to an unbalanced design. The ED meets the ANSI Class II shut-off requirement.Valve Size - The 8" ED with equal percentage trim has a K m = .72 , and max. C v = 567 at 100 % travel (2-inches maximum travel).ANSI Class - The service conditions dictate an ANSI Class 600 valve (ANSIB16.34-1996).The shutoff conditions are okay since the E-Series is rated for full ANSI class shutoff pressures.Body Material - For economy, select the standard A216 Grade WCBbody/bonnet material (Standard Steel Material for E-body). Also refer to Bulletin 59.1:021, pressure-temperature ratings for valves.Travel @ Max Flow - Travel at the maximum flow condition is approximately 88%.Travel @ Min Flow - Travel at minimum flow is approx. 23%.Yoke Boss Diameter - Refer to Bulletin 51.1:ED for this information. Find that the yoke boss diameter is 3 9/16".Stem Diameter - Refer to Bulletin 51.1:ED for this information. Find that the stem diameter is 3/4".Trim # - Select trim 1 as the standard trim from Figure 5 in the ED product bulletin.Packing - Specify single PTFE packing because the temperature is below 450°F.。

CValve_Sizing

The source document for the sizing calculations used in PIPE-FLO’s control valve selection module is the American National Standard Institute, Instrument Society of America standard ANSI/ISA-S75.01-1985 (R 1995) Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves.
PIPE-FLO
KB2= 1 - (Dv/D2)4
equation 4D
D = nominal pipe diameter
Dv = nominal valve diameter 1 = inlet
2 = outlet
PIPE-FLO also performs the Fp calculations during valve selection. The Fp factor is incorporated into the search value of Cv. This insures that the valve is selected based upon the installed piping arrangement. If a valve is evaluated that requires reducers, the following compensation is made to the “search” value for Cv:
FP = (((KSUM Cv2)/(N2 Dv4))+1)-½
equation 2
N2 = conversion coefficient Dv = nominal valve diameter

各种阀门的翻译（AllkindsofvalvesChineseTranslation）

各种阀门的翻译（All kinds of valves Chinese Translation）Man without instrument will never die. Energy-saving there, life rarely live to seventy. The Tong flower ten thousand Li Dan mountain road, the young chicken is clear in the old Feng voice. The spring grass grows, Liu changed songbirds park. Better a book without a book. All kinds of valve English translationValve valve Valve plate valve, deck, plate, Valve plate valve, plate, Valve plate type piston pump valve, deck, plate, type, piston, pump, Valve plate type piston pump, valve, plate, type, piston, pump, Disc Disc Valve lever valve, operating, rod, Valve seat recess slot valve acneValve block valve, grid, Valve block valve, positioner, Valve block valve, stop, Valve guide rod valve, tail, rod, Valve guide valve, guide, Valve cover bonnet Bonnet Bush bonnet Bush Bonnet gasket bonnet, gasket, Valve stem stem Valve stem valve, rod, Valve stem valve, spindle, Stem end dimensions Dimmension, of, valve, stem, end, Stem ring stem, ring, Stem nut Yoke, bushing, Yoke, nut, Stem packing stem, packing, Stem head dimensions Dimension, of, valve, stem, head, Valve spring valve, spring, Valve spring plate valve, spring, plate, Valve controlled water hammer pump valve-controlled, hydraulic, ram, Valve frame valve, yoke, Valve Valve Valve drive valve, bandle, set, Valves and fittings Valves, and, Fittings, Valve packing valve, packing, Valve handle valve, handle, Valve disc disc Valve disc valve, disc, The valve plate is Disc Valve ball valve, ball, Valve drive arm valve, driving, arm, Valve drive arm valve, motion, arm, Valve type piston valve, type, piston, Valve type piston valve, type, bucket, Valve chamber type piston pump, valve, box, type, piston, pump, Valve chamber type piston pump (beauty) valve, pot, type, piston, pump, Valve lifting device valve, lifting, device, Valve body body Valve body valve, body, Valve box valve, box, Valve box valve, cage, Valve box valve, chest, Valve box, valve limiter, valve, guard, Valve case cover cover for valve box Valve case cover valve, box, cover, Pump turret type piston Valve piston pump valve type piston pump Seat Seat, ring, Seat valve, carrier, Seat valve seat (body seat) Valve seat; disc valve seat Seat ring seat, ring, Sealing strip for valve seat sealing strip seatFlange flangeFlange plug blind flangeFlange end flange endFlange joint flange jointFlanges, fasteners (studs and nuts) flange, bolting Flange sealing surface, flange face flange facing Flange processing flange, facing, finishFlanged ball valve Flange, Ball, ValvesTilting plate valve FlapRecoil disk Disc holderReverse acting pressure reducing valve Reverse, acting, reducing, valveReverse acting pressure reducing valve Reverse, acting, reducing, valveVent valve emptying valveBleeder valve air, vent, valve; vent valveVent valve; exhaust valve air, evacuation, valveDrain valve escape, valveSplit valves, chamber type piston pumps, separate, valve, box, type, piston, pumpSplit valve, chamber type piston pump (beauty), side, pot, type, piston, pumpClosed Seal typeFloating ball valve Float, ball, valveFloat, Ball, floatFloat valve Float ValveBall float, trap, steam, float trapFree Trap, Float, Type, Steam, floatPontoon Bucket floatOpen bucket steam trapAuxiliary (sub) valve Auxiliary, valvesLoad rate Rate, of, load, condensateAdditional back pressure Superimposed, back, pressureReset spring Returnning springLever type Lever typeLever type safety valve Lever, and, weight, loaded, safety, valveLever relief valve Lever, reducing, valveHigh temperature valve High, temperature, valveHigh pressure valve High, pressure, valveGran sealed glandIsolation valve isolating valveDiaphragm DiaphragmDiaphragm valve diaphragm valveDiaphragm type control valve diaphragm, operated, comtrol,valveWork back pressure Operating back pressureOperating temperature Operating temperatureOperating temperature Working temperatureOperating pressure difference Operting, differential, pressureThe work pressure is Operating pressureThe work pressure is Working pressureNominal diameter Nominal diameterNominal pressure Nominal pressureFixed ball valve Fixed, ball, valveTurn off the pressure Lockup pressureTurn off valve subcooling Subcooled, temperature, of, close, valveTurn off valve temperature Closing, valve, temperaturePipeline safety valve Piping, Safety, ValvesUndercooling Subcoold, temperatureOvercurrent valve (or throttling valve) Restrictor ValvesThroat diameter Throat diameterSpool slide valveSlide valve type rotary piston pump, rotary, piston, pump, with, slide, gateSpool valve type rotor pump eccentric, rotary, pump, with, sliding, sleeveRing valve annular valveRing valve double, beat, valveReversing valve selector valveReversing valve shuttle valveRotary slide piston pump piston, pump, with, rotary, gate回座压力回座压力安全阀活塞昵减压阀活塞式减压阀活塞式阀活塞阀活塞式阀；柱塞式阀柱塞阀活塞式减压阀活塞式减压阀减速阀减速阀减压比减压比减压阀减压阀浆液阀平行滑动阀角阀角阀角阀隔离阀角度配置角式安吉型角式节流阀角式节流阀角式截止阀直角截止阀铰链阀；片状阀挡板阀节流阀节流阀节流阀节流阀节流阀；节流节流结构长度面对面尺寸；端到端的尺寸；面对中心尺寸结构形式型建筑截止阀截止阀截止阀关闭阀截止阀；关断阀切断阀截止式隔膜阀截止式隔膜阀紧急切断阀紧急切断阀进气阀进气阀进水阀；进口阀门进水阀静态特性静态特性静态特性偏差静态特性偏差开阀过冷度开阀过冷度开阀温度开阀温度开启高度电梯壳体试验壳体试验壳体试验压力密封试验压力空气阀门空气阀快速排污阀快速排污阀类型型冷凝结水排量冷凝力冷态试验差压力冷试验压差理论排量理论流量连接通道连接槽尺寸尺寸连接尺寸连接维连接形式连接类型帘面积帘面积流道面积流区流道直径流径流量孔板流量孔板流量控制阀流量控制阀流量特性流动特性流量特性偏差流量特性偏差漏汽量蒸汽损失脉冲式疏水阀脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀密封面密封面密封试验密封试验密封试验压力密封试验压力明杆平行式双闸板闸板平行式双闸板闸阀明杆闸阀外螺纹截止阀升降杆式闸阀膜片隔膜内压自封压座逆止阀；止回阀止回阀逆止阀；止回阀止回阀逆止阀；止回阀；单向阀止回阀排放背压力brilt背压力排放压力缓解压力排灰阀灰阀放电排量系数系数排气阀空气释放阀排气阀排气阀排气阀排气阀排水阀排水阀排水温度排冷凝温度排污阀排污阀排污箱（阀）废物的阀门排渣闸阀排渣闸阀盘阀moushroom阀盘状阀板阀旁通阀旁路阀配汽活塞阀缸套活塞阀线喷射阀喷射阀喷射阀喷雾阀喷水阀喷水阀频跳颤振平衡阀平衡阀平衡式平衡式平行式闸阀平行闸阀平行滑动阀启闭件盘启闭压差排污安全阀起始升程开始提升气动装置气动执行器气阀摇臂阀臂气－液动装置液压气动执行器潜水电泵（排污泵）潜水电泵切断阀；截止阀截止阀；截止阀；截止阀切断式止回阀截止止回阀切换阀；多向阀转换阀球、球芯球球阀球阀球阀截止阀球体球全启式安全阀全启式安全阀热凝结水排量热凝力入口隔离门吸气截止阀塞子插头三通阀三隔离阀三通阀三通阀三通式三式上密封后座上密封试验密封试验渗漏量漏升降立式止回阀立式升降式止回阀升降式止回阀升降式止回阀适用介质适用介质适用温度适宜温度手摇油泵（阀）手摇油泵疏水阀排水阀双金属片式疏水阀蒸汽疏水阀双金属元件双口排气球双口排气阀双联弹簧式安全阀双安全阀双闸板双闸板双闸板平板闸阀双闸板平板闸阀水封闸阀水密封闸阀水力喷射器（真空泵）真空泵伺服阀伺服阀填料包装填料垫填料座填料函馅填料式旋塞阀填料式旋塞阀填料箱填料箱填料压盖腺通气阀呼吸阀通气阀；呼吸器呼吸通用阀门通用阀门吐出阀；排出阀排放阀吐出阀限位器输送阀保护微启式安全阀低压安全阀微阻缓闭止回阀微阻缓闭止回阀吻合度%的接触面积蜗轮传动蝶阀蝶阀蜗轮传动蜗轮传动装置蜗轮驱动器屋脊式隔膜阀堰式隔膜阀无阀泵无阀泵无阀隔膜泵无阀隔膜泵无阀振动泵无阀泵振动无负荷漏汽量无负荷漏汽无负荷漏汽率无负荷漏汽率吸（抽）气阀吸气阀吸入阀吸入阀吸入阀限位器吸入阀保护先导式安全阀先导式安全阀先导式液压阀先导式减压阀相对静偏差相对静态特性偏差相对流量特性偏差相对流量特性偏差相对压力特性偏差相对压力特性偏差销轴铰链销楔式闸阀楔式闸阀斜板式蝶阀倾斜盘蝶阀泄料（放空，排污）阀排污阀泄压阀减压阀泄压阀压力释放阀泄压阀；安全阀溢流阀卸荷式减压阀平衡阀型号型模型旋启多瓣式止回阀多盘摆动脚阀旋启式止回阀旋启式止回阀旋启双瓣式底阀双瓣旋启式脚踏阀旋塞阀旋塞旋塞阀旋塞阀压力（増压）阀压力阀压力调节阀；压力控制阀压力控制阀压力特性压力特性压力特性偏差压力特性偏差压力增长系数压增长率摇杆臂液动装置液压执行机构液化气管件液化石油气管道配件水下泵液下泵液压执行器液压执行机构仪表针形截止阀仪表针型截止阀溢流阀溢流阀翼形阀；锥形阀翼阀油封式旋塞阀润滑旋塞阀有阀翼板双动翼有阀翼板翼阀有负荷漏汽量负荷漏汽有负荷漏汽率有负荷漏汽率圆板阀；圆盘阀盘阀圆盘式疏水阀圆盘式疏水阀圆柱齿轮传动装置圆柱齿轮传动装置圆锥齿轮传动装置圆锥齿轮传动装置闸板闸板闸板式隔膜阀截止式隔膜阀闸阀闸阀闸阀闸阀针形阀针阀；针形阀真空破坏阀真空断路阀蒸汽疏水阀自动蒸汽陷阱陷阱整定压力设定压力正向作用式减压阀直接作用式减压阀支架轭直接载荷式安全阀直接载荷式安全阀直接作用式减压阀直接作用式减压阀直流式缩喉管Y球形型直流式截止阀斜截止阀直通单向阀内置止回阀直通单向阀直通单向阀直通阀直通阀止回阀止回阀止回阀；回流阀回流阀制动阀制动阀中压阀门中压阀门钟形浮子式疏水阀倒吊桶式疏水阀钟形罩倒吊桶轴套轴导主阀主阀主要外形尺寸主要外形尺寸主要性能参数specifeca等speeification 注液漏斗阀启动包阀柱塞阀柱塞阀柱塞截止阀柱塞截止阀柱塞型摆动阀摇摆柱塞阀撞击手轮冲击手轮锥形阀；翼形阀锥形阀自动循环阀自动再循环阀组合阀组合阀最大过冷度最大subcoold温度最大流量最大流量最大压差最大压差最低工作压力最低工作压力最高背压率最大背压率最高工作背压最高工作背压最高工作温度最高工作温度最高工作压力最大操作压力最高排水温度最高温度在卸货最高允许温度最大允许温度最高允许压力最大允许压力最小过冷度最低过冷温度最小压差最小差压力千淘万漉虽辛苦，吹尽狂沙始到金。

救生阀中英文作文

救生阀中英文作文英文：Life-saving valves are essential components of marine safety equipment. They are designed to prevent water from entering a ship through the hull in the event of an emergency, such as a collision or grounding. These valves are typically located on the ship's outer hull and are designed to automatically close when they come into contact with water.There are several types of life-saving valves,including flap valves, screw-down valves, and spring-loaded valves. Flap valves are the most common type and are designed to swing shut when water flows in the opposite direction. Screw-down valves are manually operated and require a crew member to close them in the event of an emergency. Spring-loaded valves are designed to close automatically when water flows through them.It is important to regularly inspect and maintain life-saving valves to ensure they are functioning properly. This can include checking for signs of corrosion or damage, lubricating moving parts, and testing the valve's closure mechanism. Failure to properly maintain these valves can result in serious consequences in the event of an emergency.中文：救生阀是船舶安全设备中必不可少的组成部分。

SMOTH Cylinder 产品名称系列说明书

Doc. no.CM2Y-OM0001H-AＳＭＯＯＴＨＣＹＬＩＮＤＥＲCM2Y-Z、CG1Y-Z、CQ2Y-ZCQSY、CA2Y-Z SERIESSafety Instructions 2~51.Specifications 62.Installation and Handling 6~93.Maintenance 10~144.Basic Circuit for Cylinder Operation 155.Troubleshooting 16~176.Construction and Material 18~23-1-Safety InstructionsThese safety instructions are intended to prevent hazardous situations and/or equipment damage.These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard with the labels of “Caution,” “Warning” or “Danger.” They are all important notes for safety and must be followed in addition to International Standards (ISO/IEC)*1) , and other safety regulations.*1) ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems. ISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systems.IEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery -- Electrical equipment of machines .(Part 1: General requirements)ISO 10218: Manipulating industrial robots -Safety. etc.Cautionin minor or moderate injury.Warning Warning indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.DangerDanger indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, if not avoided, will resultin death or serious injury.Safety InstructionsLimited warranty and Disclaimer/Compliance RequirementsThe product used is subject to the following “Limited warranty and Disclaimer” and “Compliance Requirements”.Read and accept them before using the product.Be sure to read this before handling the products.Be sure to read this before handling the products.1. Product specifications1-1. Specifications！a r n i n gCheck the specificationsThese products are designed according to use in industrial compressed air systems. If the products are used in conditions where pressure, temperature, etc. are out of specifications, damage and/or malfunction may be caused. Do not use under these conditions. (Please refer to the specifications)Consult SMC if you use a fluid other than compressed air.A deceleration circuit or shock absorber, etc. may be required.When a driven object is operated at high speed or the load is heavy, a cylinder’s cushion will not be sufficient to absorb the shock. Install a deceleration circuit to reduce the speed before cushioning or install an external shock absorber to relieve the shock. In this case, the rigidity of the machinery should also be examined.2. Installation/operating method2-1．FluidCompressed air to be supplied to the cylinder shall be filtered by air filter such as our Series AF and use the regulated air at specified pressure by regulator such as our Series AR.！W a r n i n gUse clean airIf compressed air includes chemicals, synthetic oils containing organic solvents, salt or corrosive gases, etc., it can cause damage or malfunction.Install air filterInstall air filters at the upstream side of valves. The filtration degree should be 5 m or less.Install an after cooler, air dryer, drain catch, etc.Air that includes excessive condensate may cause malfunction of valves and other pneumatic equipment. To prevent this, install an air dryer, after cooler, etc.Use the product within the specified range of fluid and ambient temperature.Take measures to prevent freezing, since moisture in circuits will be frozen under 5 C, and this may cause damage to seals and lead to malfunction.Lubrication to the low-friction type cylinder.Please do not lubricate this cylinder. If it is lubricated, grease will be washed away and will cause the increase of sliding resistance.2-2．DesignThe compatibility of pneumatic equipment is the responsibility of the person who designs the pneumatic system or decides its specifications.！a r n i n gThere is a possibility of dangerous sudden action by air cylinder if sliding parts of machinery are twisted due to external forces, etc.In such cases, human injury; e.g. hands or feet would be caught in the machinery or damage to the machinery itself may occur. Therefore, the machinery should be designed to avoid such dangers.A protective cover is recommended to minimize the risk of personal injury.If a driven object and moving parts of a cylinder have possibility of danger to human body, design the structure to avoid having contact with the human body.Securely tighten all stationary parts and connected parts so that they will not become loose.Adopt a secure tightening method if the cylinder is used in an environment where the operating frequency is high and receives a lot of vibration.Design the machinery that external force which exceeds the maximum output shall not be applied to the cylinder.Cylinder breakage may present a danger to human body or machinery.Consider aptitude of the mounting table’s rigidity, as the cylinder brings great power.It may present a danger to human body or machinery.Consider a possible drop in operating pressure due to a power outage, etc.When a cylinder is used in a clamping mechanism, there is a danger of work dropping if there is a drop of pressure in circuit caused by a power outage, etc. Therefore, safety equipment should be installed to prevent damage to machinery and human injury. Suspension mechanisms and lifting devices also require consideration for drop prevention.Consider a possible loss of power source.Measures should be taken to protect against human injury and equipment damage in the event that there is a loss of power to equipment controlled by air pressure, electricity or hydraulics, etc.Consider emergency stops.Design so that human injury and/or damage to machinery and equipment will not be caused when machinery is stopped by a power outage, a manual emergency stop or a safety device under abnormal conditions.Consider the action when operation is restarted after an emergency stop or abnormal stop.Design the machine so that human injury or equipment damage will not occur upon restart of operation. When the cylinder has to be reset at the starting position, install manual safety equipment.Intermediate stops.When intermediate stop of a cylinder is performed with a 3 position closed center directional control valve, it is difficult to achieve stopping positions as accurate and minute as with hydraulic pressure, due to the compressibility of air. Furthermore, since valves and cylinders, etc. are not guaranteed for zero air leakage, it may not be possible to hold a stopped position for an extended period of time. Contact SMC in case it is necessary to hold a stopped position for an extended period.Operate the piston within a range such that collision damage will not occur at the end of the stroke.Operate within a range such that damage will not occur when the piston having inertial force stops by striking the cover at the stroke end. Refer to the cylinder selection procedures for the range within which damage will not occur.If a clearance between clevis or trunnion and companion bearing is wide, bending load will be applied to the pin. Thus, do not make this clearance that wide.Do not let chips or extraneous materials enter inside the cylinder from the inlet.2-3．Mounting / installation！a u t i o nMinimum lateral load shall be applied to the bearing of the piston rod.If excessive lateral load is given to the bearing part, sliding resistance will increase. Mount so that it shall be the minimum amount.Make sure to connect the rod and the load so that their axial center and movement directions match.If they do not match, stress could be applied to the rod and the tube, causing the inner surface of the tube, the bushing, the rod surface, and the seals to wear and to become damaged.When an external guide is used, connect the external slider and the load in such a way that there is no interference at any point within the stroke.Do not scratch or gouge the sliding part of the cylinder tube or the piston rod by striking it with an object or squeezing it.The tube bore is manufactured under precise tolerances. Thus, even a slight deformation could lead to a malfunction. Furthermore, any scratches or gouges on the sliding part of the piston rod could damage the seals, which could cause air leakagePrevent the rotating parts from seizing.Apply grease to the rotating parts (such as the pin) to prevent them from seizing.Do not use until you verify that the equipment can operate properly.After mounting, repair or modification, etc., connect the air supply and electric power, and then confirm proper mounting by means of appropriate function and leak inspections.Do not let chips or extraneous material enter inside the cylinder from the inlet.When installing cylinder on the work site, chips came out of drilling holes can enter the cylinder from the inlet.Pay attention that those should not enter the cylinder.2-4．Operating conditions environment！a r n i n gDo not use in environments where there is a danger of corrosion.Refer to the construction drawing regarding cylinder materials.Do not use in an area that is dusty or where water or oil splashes on the cylinder.It would affect grease of the piston rod or inside the cylinder. Also, it will increase sliding resistance.Humid place is not suitable for storing cylinder.Store cylinders in not humid place in order to prevent from rusting, and also piston rods shall be pulled in.Preparation before pipingBefore piping is connected, it should be thoroughly blown out with air (flushing) or washed to remove cutting chips, cutting oil and other debris from inside the pipe.Wrapping of sealant tapeWhen connecting pipes and fittings, etc., be sure that cutting chips from the pipe threads and sealing material do not get inside the piping.Also, when sealant tape is used, leave 1.5 to 2 thread ridges exposed at the end of the pipe/fitting.2-5. Speed controlWhen the cylinder speed is adjusted, please install a speed controller such as our Series AS at the air supply port and adjust as specified speed. Speed controller is available in two types: meter-in type which adjusts speed by throttling air supplied to cylinder and meter-out type which regulates air exhausted from cylinder.！a u t i o nUse a speed controller to adjust the cylinder drive speed, gradually increasing from a low speed to the desired speed setting.2-6. Directional controlIf the direction of cylinder operation is changed, use conforming solenoid valve from our various solenoid valves.！a r n i n gDesign a circuit that prevents lurching of a driven object (piston).If the cylinder is operated by exhaust center type directional control valve or when restarting after exhausting residual pressure in the circuit, etc., the driven object (piston) will lurch at a high speed if pressure is supplied to one side of the cylinder with air in the cylinder is exhausted. In such cases, human injury; e.g. hands or feet would be caught in the machinery or damage to the machinery itself may occur.Therefore, choose the appropriate product and design the circuit to avoid lurching.Intermediate stops.When intermediate stop of a cylinder is performed with a 3 position closed center directional control valve, it is difficult to achieve stopping positions as accurate and minute as with hydraulic pressure, due to the compressibility of air. Furthermore, since valves and cylinders, etc. are not guaranteed for zero air leakage, it may not be possible to hold a stopped position for an extended period of time. Contact SMC in case it is necessary to hold a stopped position for an extended period.3. Maintenance！a u t i o nWhen replacing seals, apply new grease for seals and then assemble.If the product is operated without applying grease, seals will be significantly worn and lead to air leakage at an early time.3-1. Check3-1-1. Daily checks1) Smooth operation2) Changes in piston speed and cycle time3) Stroke3-1-2. Periodic checks1) Loosening of cylinder mounting bolts and rod end nut2) Loosening or abnormal deflection of cylinder mounting frame3) Smooth operation4) Changes in piston speed and cycle time5) External leakage6) Stroke7) Flaws on the rod8) Drainage of air filterCheck the above items. If there is any abnormality, correct the abnormality and take proper measures such as further screw tightening and greasing. Contact SMC for repair of the cylinder, if necessary.！a r n i n gMaintain the cylinder basically on the above points. Depending on situation, perform necessary checks.If handled improperly, malfunction and damage of machinery or equipment may occur.Machine maintenance, and supply and exhaust of compressed air.Having machine serviced, check that measures are taken to prevent dropping of driven objects and run-away of equipment, etc. Then, cut off the supply pressure and electric power and exhaust all compressed air from the system.When machinery is restarted, check that operation is normal with actuators in the proper positions.3-2. Maintenance3-2-1. CM2Y SeriesCover and tube cannot be disassembled as they are joined by rolling crimping.Rod seals can be replaced having the cylinder installed. Replacement procedure is described below. (Refer to Fig. 1)[Disassembly]Disassemble retaining ring 1 by using a tool for installing a C type retaining ring, seal the port on rod cover by finger and pull out the piston rod. Then, seal ground 2 and rod seal 3 can be disassembled.[Grease application]Special grease is used for this cylinder. Please use our grease for smooth cylinders. Apply grease to inner and outer surface of new rod seal (replacement part). Also, fill the grease in the groove.[Installation]Mount a rod seal paying attention to the direction. When the rod seal goes through the thread part of the piston rod end and width across flats, push it by rotating slowly and securely install at the housing part of the rod cover. Secondly, mount seal ground 2 and then retaining ring 1.Fig. 1. Replacing method of rod sealsReplacement part: Rod seals Grease for maintenanceSeal groundRetaining ringRod sealPort3-2-2. CQSY, CQ2Y SeriesWhen malfunction due to air leakage of a cylinder occur, please replace with the below seal kit.！C a u t i o nFor installation and removal, use an appropriate pair of pliers (tool for installing a C type retaining ring).Exercise caution even when using an appropriate pair of pliers. There is a possibility that the retaining ring might come out from the tip of the pliers and fly away, which could injure humans or damage the peripheral equipment. After installing the retaining ring, make sure that it is placed securely in the ring groove before supplying air.3-2-3. CA2Y SeriesDo not move cushion valves, as they are ineffective in adjusting.When malfunction due to air leakage of a cylinder occur, please replace with the below seal kit.How to disassembleDisassembly can be performed easily by loosening tie rods. As for assembly, fully check that dust is not on it and apply grease to the sliding parts of the tube, piston, piston rod, bushing and seal, etc. Assemble without giving damage to seals, etc. Tighten tie rod nuts for 4 tie rods to have tensile force evenly.Replacement part: seal kitWhen only grease for maintenance is required, order it by the following numbers.！a u t i o n1） When replacing mounting brackets, use socket wrench.Using other tools would cause deformation of nuts and inferior workability. Refer tothe following table for sockets used.2) Do not replace bushing.If it is required to replace bushing, replace by a cover assembly since bushing ispressed in.3) Do not disassembly trunnion type cylinderAs for trunnion type cylinder, it is difficult to align the axis centers of trunnion andcylinder. Therefore, breakdown or reassembly may cause malfunction as it would nothave dimension accuracy.3-2-4. CG1Y SeriesWhen malfunction due to air leakage of a cylinder occur, please replace with the below seal kit. Also, please pay full attention not to damage piston seal by the thread of cylinder tube when removing the piston rod assembly.There is the same concern when mounting it back to the cylinder tube after replacing the piston seal.If the piston seal gets damaged, malfunction and air leakage may occur.Replacement: seal kitThe seals for bore size 50 and above are not available.They can not be disassembled.Please contact our sales for further details.When only grease for maintenance is required, order it by the following numbers.3-3.Consumables3-3-1.Replacement partsFor replacement parts, refer to the maintenance page for each series.Seals are not in airtight package at the time of delivery. Use them within a year.For long-term storage, keep seals airtight (by putting them in a polyethylene bag andadditionally in a box) and store them as follows.3-3-2.Storage of seals1) Put seals in airtight packages and store them as they are.2) Avoid direct sunlight and keep temperature and humidity low for storage.Take special care to isolate and shield seals from equipment which is apt to generateheat, radiation and ozone.3) Be careful not to deform and damage seals by piling up a large volume of them orputting weights on them.4) Note that white powder may appear on the surfaces of rubber parts in storage though itdoes not affect their performance.4. Basic circuit of cylinder operationA basic circuit to operate a cylinder with an air filter, regulator, solenoid valve and speed controller is shown in the figure below.エアシリンダAir cylinder Array Figure 2 Basic circuit5. Troubleshooting6. Construction and materialSeries CM2YBoss-cut typeConstruction of CM2Y Parts listSeries CQSYConstruction of CQSY12 to 25Parts listDC: Basic typeDCM: Rod end male threadConstruction of CQ2Y32 to 100Parts listØ50 to Ø100 cylinder tube DCZ: Basic typeDCMZ: Rod end male threadØ32 to Ø40 cylinder tubeParts listParts listReplacement partWhen only grease for maintenance is required, order it by the following numbers.4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021 JAPANTel: + 81 3 5207 8249 Fax: +81 3 5298 5362URL https://Note: Specifications are subject to change without prior notice and any obligation on the part of the manufacturer. © 2019 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved。

黄铜阀英文作文

黄铜阀英文作文Brass valves, an essential component in various plumbing and industrial applications, embody both the legacy of ancient craftsmanship and the innovation of modern engineering. These valves, typically composed of a combination of copper and zinc, offer a balance of durability and malleability, making them ideal for controlling the flow of liquids and gases.The composition of brass, primarily copper, lends the material its characteristic resilience and resistance to corrosion. This is particularly beneficial in environments where the valve may be exposed to water or other corrosive substances. The zinc content, on the other hand, provides strength, allowing the valve to withstand physical stresses.In the manufacturing process, precision is key. Brass valves are often produced through hot forging, a method that involves heating the brass to a temperature where it becomes pliable before being pressed into the desired shape. This process not only ensures a tight seal when the valve is closed but also allows for intricate designs that can enhance the valve's functionality and aesthetic appeal.The design of brass valves varies widely to suit specific applications. For instance, ball valves, which utilize a rotating sphere with a hole through its center to control flow, are prized for their quick shut-off capabilities. Gate valves, with a gate-like disc that moves up and down to control flow, are known for their ability to handle a wide range of pressures and temperatures.Maintenance of brass valves is relatively straightforward. Regular cleaning and inspection can prevent buildup that might otherwise impede the valve's operation. In the event of wear or damage, many brass valves are designed to be easily disassembled, allowing for the replacement of individual components rather than the entire valve.The environmental impact of brass valves is also a consideration. Brass is a highly recyclable material, and many manufacturers now incorporate recycled brass into theirproduction processes. This not only reduces waste but also conserves the energy and raw materials required to produce new brass.In conclusion, brass valves stand as a testament to human ingenuity, seamlessly integrating into the systems that facilitate our daily lives. Their reliability, coupled with their environmental benefits, ensures that brass valves will remain a staple in various industries for years to come. Whether hidden behind walls or in plain sight, these components quietly perform their critical role, embodying the intersection of tradition and progress.。

给排水科学与工程专业英语Unit21-翻译

Cold water supplyUnder the Water Supply Regulations 1999: every dwelling is required to have a wholesome water supply system, and this should be provided in sufficient quantities for the needs of the user, and at a temperature below 20℃. The most important place to provide drinking water in dwellings is at the kitchen sink. However ,because there is a likelihood that all taps in dwelling will be used for drinking, they should all be connected in such a way that the water remains in potable condition. This means that all draw-off taps in dwellings should either be connected direct from the mains supply, or from a storage cistern that is protected. If no such location exists, drinking water should be provided near but not in toilet. However . drinking water fountains may be installed on toilet area, provided they are sited well away from WCs and urinals and comply with the requirements of BS 6465: Part 1 .冷水供应下供水1999年规定:每一个住宅都是需要有一个健康的供水系统,这应提供足够数量的用户的需要,在温度低于20℃。

液压系统外文翻译0

外文翻译液压系统液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术，1795年英国约瑟夫•布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)，在伦敦用水作为工作介质，以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上，诞生了世界上第一台水压机。

1905年将工作介质水改为油，又进一步得到改善。

第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用，特别是1920年以后，发展更为迅速。

液压元件大约在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的20年间，才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。

1925 年维克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定了基础。

20 世纪初康斯坦丁•尼斯克(G •Constantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献，使这两方面领域得到了发展。

第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间,在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。

应该指出,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20 多年。

在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动,1956 年成立了“液压工业会”。

近20~30 年间，日本液压传动发展之快，居世界领先地位。

液压传动有许多突出的优点，因此它的应用非常广泛，如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等；船舶用的甲板起重机械（绞车）、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。

一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和液压油。

阿尔法拉瓦尔 ThinkTop 基本无爆燃传感与控制说明书

The ThinkTop Basic Intrinsically Safe valve sensing and control unit consists of a proven NAMUR feedback sensor system with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low voltage solenoid valves,ready for connection to a electrical barriers and toany programmable logic controller (PLC) system with a digital interface. It fits on all Alfa Laval hygienic valves; no adaptor is required.Working principleBy an indication pin mounted on the valve stem,the NAMUR feedback sensors detects valve stem movement,the position of the valve at any given time, with the adjusted accuracy of the feedback sensors.The Alfa Laval ThinkTop Basic Intrinsically Safe is fitted with up to two solenoid valves that can convert compressed air and the electrical PLC signal into mechanical energy to activate or deactivate the pneumatic valve actuator. Each control unit fits most any Alfa Laval hygienic valve and provides an adjustable tolerance band for the main valve to prevent product contamination and failure.Installation is straightforward. No special expertise or tools are required. To initiate manual setup, simply elevate the NAMURsensors mechanically by turning the screws located on the sensor bracket. CertificatesTECHNICAL DATAFeedback signal #2:Energized valveNominal voltage:8 VIndication of the state:LED, yellow (Internally)EMC in accordance with:IEC / EN 60947-5-2:2004; NE 21 Standards:DINEN60947-5-6 (NAMUR) Certificate of conformity:PTB 00 ATEX 2032 XType of solenoids:3/2-waysNumbers of solenoids:0-2Manual hold override:YesPush-in fittings:ø6 mm or 1/4”Certificate of conformity:KEMA 08 ATEX 0093 X PHYSICAL DATAPlastic parts:Black Nylon PA 6 with SS fibers Seals:Nitrile (NBR) rubberProtection class:IP66 and IP67Protection class equivalent:NEMA 4.4x and 6PEx classification code:II 2G/D EEx ia IIC T6Max wire size:0.75 mm² (AWG 19) Note!For further information: See also ESE00810Options•Solenoid valve configuration•Pneumatic tubing interfaceAccessories•Various cable options•Threaded plate for indication pin on SRC, SMP-BC and i-SSV valves•Adaptor for Unique SSSV valvesElectrical connection16543272055-00021. Sensor 1 [De-energized] (blue) 8 VDC (-)2. Sensor 1 [De-energized] (brown) (+)3. Sensor 2 [Energized] (blue) 8 VDC (-)4. Sensor 2 [Energized] (brown) (+)5. Common; solenoids (black) 12 VDC (-)6. Input; solenoid #1 (red) (+)7. Input; solenoid #3 (red) (+)Dimensions (mm)The following table list show the ATEX evaluated Alfa Laval valves which the ThinkTop Basic Intrinsically Safe can be installed on to be accordance with Atex Directive 94/9/EC.Unique MixpeoofNon electric equipment with no own ignition source which can be used within the equipment-group II 2 G/D or II 3 G/D if removing the blue plastic cover from the bottom of the Mixproof valve.SRC (except SRC-LS)SMP-SC, TO, BC LKLA-TShutter valve SBVNon electric equipment with no own ignition source which can be used within the equipment-group II 2 G/D or II 3 G/DElectrical interfaceTo comply with the ATEX protective system all individual electrical signals from the control unit must be connected to an electrical barrier in the safe area to obtain the intrinsic safe circuit. The electrical barrier must comply with the standard EN60079-14 and shall always be specified in accordance with the following maximum values as shown in the table below for sensor and solenoid valve (I/O signals).connected to a certified intrinsically safecircuit (e.g. Zener barrier) for apparatus groupconnected to a certified intrinsically safe circuit (e.g. Zener barrier) for apparatus group IIC Electrical barrierThis document and its contents are subject to copyrights and other intellectual property rights owned by Alfa Laval Corporate AB. No part of this document may be copied, re-produced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or for any purpose, without Alfa Laval Corporate AB’s prior express written permission. Information and services provided in this document are made as a benefit and service to the user, and no representations or warranties are made about the accuracy or suitability of this information and these services for any purpose. All rights are reserved.200006066-1-EN-GB© Alfa Laval Corporate ABHow to contact Alfa LavalUp-to-date Alfa Laval contact details for all countries are always available on our website at 。

液压专业英语教程4

Unit 4 Hydraulic FluidsIn hydraulics, hyraulic fluids are usually divided into three categories—petroleum-base fluids , synthetic fluids ,and water. The first two fluids are used in “packaged-power devices.” Water is generally used as the hydraulic fluid in central hydraulic systems.The function of a good hydraulic fluid is threefold :(1) it is a means of transmission of fluid power ;(2) it is a means of lubrication of the fluid power system; and (3) it acts as a sealant. The selection of the proper hydraulic fluid is important, as it has a direct bearing on the efficiency of the hydraulic system, on the cost of maintenance, and on the service life of the system’s components.PETROLEUM-BASE FLUIDSThree basic types of mineral oils are used: (1) Pennsylvania, or paraffin-base oils;(2) Gulf Coast, or naphthenic and asphaltic-base oils ; and (3) Mid-Continent, or mixed-base oils. These contain both naphthenic and paraffin compounds.To obtain certain characteristics, chemicals are added to an oil. These chemicals are called additives. Additives cannot make an inferior oil perform as well as a good oil, but they can make a good oil perform even better . An additive may be in the form of an antifoam agent , a rust inhibitor, a film-strengthening agent, or and oxidation stabilizer.The user should not attempt to place additives in a hydraulic oil. That job is primarily for the oil manufacturer or refiner.SYNTHETIC-BASE FLUIDSSine fire hazards are prevalent around certain types of hydraulically operated machines, especially where open fires are present, much research has been done to develop fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. These fluids are divided into two classifications synthetic-base mixtures and water-base fluids. Not all synthetic-base fluids are resistant.Synthetic-base fluids include chemical compounds, such as the chlorinated biphenyls, phosphate esters, or mixtures containing each. These hydraulic fluids are fire resistant, because a large percentage of phosphorous and chloride materials are included.Water-base fluids depend on a high percentage of water of effect the fire-resistant nature of the fluid . In addition to water, these compounds contain antifreeze materials,such as glycol-type thickeners, inhibitors ,and additives.Synthetic-base fluids have both advantages and disadvantages. Some of the advantages are :(1) they are fire resistant; (2) sludge or petroleum gum formation is reduced; and (3) temperature has little effect on the thickening or thinning of the fluid.A disadvantage of many synthetic fluids is their deteriorating effect on some materials, such as packings , paints , and some metals used in intake filters.QUALITY REQUIREMENTSCertain qualifications are demanded in a good hydraulic oil-an oil should not break down and it should give satisfactory service. Some of these requirements are:1. Prevent rusting of the internal parts of valves, pump, and cylinders.2. Prevent formation of a sludge or gum which can clog small passages in the valves and screens in filters.3. Reduce foaming action which may cause cavitation in the pump.4. Properties that provide a long service life.5. Retain its original properties through hard usage-must not deteriorate chemically.6. Qualities which resist changing the flow ability or viscosity as the temperature changes.7. From a protective film which wear of working parts.8. Prevent pitting action on the parts of pumps , valves, and cylinders.9. Does not emulsify with the water that is often present in the system either from external sources or from condensation.10. No deteriorating effect on gaskets and packings.MAINTENANCEProper maintenance of a hydraulic oil is often forgotten. Too often , hydraulic oil is treated as matter-of-fact. A few simple rules regarding maintenance are:1. Store oil in clean container (Fig.1.). The container should not contain lint or dirt.2. Keep lids or covers tight on the oil containers (Fig.2),so that dirt or dust cannot settle on the surface of the oil . Oil should never be stored in open containers.3. Store oil in a dry place; do not allow it to be exposed to rain or snow (Fig.3).4. Do not mix different types of hydraulic oils. Oils having different properties my cause trouble when mixed (Fig.4).5. Use a recommended hydraulic fluid for the pump (Fig.5).6. Use clean containers for transporting oil from the storage tank to the reservoir.7.Make sure that the system is clean before changing oil in the power unit; do not add clean oil to dirty oil .8. Check the oil in the power unit regularly . Have the oil supplier check a sample of the oil from the power unit in his laboratory . Contaminants often cause trouble-these can be detected by frequent tests, which may aid in determining their source. On machines that use coolants or cutting oil,extreme caution should be exercised to keep these fluids from entering the hydraulic system and contaminating the oil.9. Drain the oil inthe system at regular intervals . It is difficult to set a hard and fat rule as to the length of the interval. In some instances, it may be necessary to drain the oil only every two years; however, once each month may be necessary for other operating conditions. This depends on operating conditions and on the original quality of the hydraulic oil. Thus , several factors should be considered in determining the length of the interval.Before placing new oil in therecommended that the systembe cleared with a hydraulicsystem cleaner. The cleaner isplaced in the system after the oilhas beenremoved .The hydraulic system cleaner should be used while the hydraulic system is in operation, and usually requires 50 to 100 hours to clean the system. Then , the cleaner should be drained; the filters, strainers , and oil reservoir cleaned; and the system filled with a good hydraulic oil.If hydraulic oil is spilled on the floor in either changing or adding oil to the system , it should be cleaned up at once. Good housekeeping procedure is important in reducing fire and other safety hazards.CHANGE OF FLUIDS IN A HYDRAULIC SYSTEMIf the fluid in hydraulic system is to be changed from a petroleum-base fluid to a fire-resistant fluid –or vice versa, the system should be drained and cleaned completely.In changing from a petroleum-base fluid to a water-base fluid:1. Drain out all the oil-or at least as much as possible , and clean the system.2. Either remove lines which form pockets, or force the oil out with a blast of clean ,dry air.3. Strainers should be cleaned thoroughly. Filters should be cleaned thoroughly and the filter element replaced.4. Check the internal paint in all components. it is likely that the paint should be removed.5. Check the gaskets and packings; those that contain either cork or asbestos may cause trouble.6. Flush out the system. Either a water-base fluid or a good flushing solution is recommended .Carbon tetrachloride is not recommended, because it tends to formhydrochloric acid by reacting with the water .This results in corrosion.7. Since hydraulic fluids are expensive, the system should be free of external leaks. In changing from a water-base fluid to a petroleum-base fluid:1. Remove all of the water-base fluid. This step is very important. A small quantity of water-base fluid left in the system can cause considerable trouble with a good sealer that is not affected by hydraulic oil.2. The reservoir should be scrubbed and cleaned thoroughly .If the interior of the reservoir is not painted , it should be coated with a good sealer that is not affected by hydraulic oil.3. The components should be dismantled and cleaned thoroughly . Cleaning with steam is effective.4. Flush the system with hydraulic oil and then drain.5. Fill the system with a good hydraulic oil .A similar procedure should be used in changing from synthetic-base fluids to petroleum-base fluids –and vice versa. If phosphate-base fluids are used , the packings should be changed. If satisfactory performance from a hydraulic fluid and a hydraulic system is expected , use a good grade of hydraulic fluid , keep it clean , change at regular intervals , do not allow it to become overheated, and keep contaminants out of the system.SELECTION OF A HYDRAULIC FLUIDThe main function of the hydraulic fluid are to transmit a force applied at one point in the fluid system to some other point in the system and to reproduce quickly and variation in the applied force. Thus , the fluid should flow readily , and it should be relatively incompressible . The choice of the most satisfactory hydraulic fluid for an industrial application involves two distinct considerations: (1) the fluid for each system should have certain essential physical properties and characteristics of flow and performance; and (2) the fluid should have desirable performance characteristics over a period of time . An oil may be suitable when initially installed; however ,its characteristics or properties may change ,resulting in an adverse effect on the performance of the hydraulic system.The hydraulic fluid should provide a suitable seal or film between moving parts, in order to reduce friction. It is desirable that the fluid should not produce adverse physical or chemical changes while in the hydraulic system. The fluid should not promote rusting or corrosion in the system, and it should act as a suitable parts tominimize wear between them.Certain terms are required to evaluate the performance and suitability of a hydraulic fluid .Important terms are discussed in the paragraphs that follow.Specific WeightThe term specific weight of a liquid indicates the weight perunit of volume. For example , water at 60°F . Weighs 62.4 pounds per cubic foot . The “specific gravity ”of a given liquid is defined as the ratio of the specific weight of the given liquid divided by the specific weight of water. For example ,if the specific gravity of an oil is 0.93 , the specific weight of the oil is (0.93×62.4),or approximately 58 pounds per cubic foot. For commercially available hydraulic fluids, the specific gravity may range from 0.80 to 1.45.ViscosityViscosity is a frequently used term. In many instances ,the term is used in a general , vague , and loose sense. To be definite and specific, the term“viscosity”should be used with a qualifying term.The term absolute or dynamic viscosity is a definite specific term . As indicated in Fig . 6, the hydraulic fluid between two parallel plates adheres to the surface of each plate , which permits one plate to slide with respect to the other plate (as playing cards in a deck); this results in a “shearing ”action in which the fluid layers slide with respect each other. A “shear” force acts to “shear” the fluid layers at a certain velocity , or rate of relative motion , to provide the shearing action between the layers of fluid .The term “absolute or dynamic viscosity” is a physical property of the hydraulic fluid, which indicates the ratio of shear force and the rate or velocity at which the fluid is being sheared.To simplify, a veryviscous fluid or a fluidhaving a high dynamicviscosity is a fluid that does not flow freely , or fluid having a low dynamic viscosity flows freely. The term fluidity is the reciprocal of “dynamic viscosity”. A fluid having a high dynamic viscosity has a low fluidity , and a fluid having a low dynamic viscosity has a high fluidity having a low dynamic viscosity has a high fluidity. In general, the dynamic viscosity of a liquid decreases as temperature increases; therefore, as an oil is heated , if flows more freely. Because of pressure effects ,it is difficult to draw general ,firm conclusions for oils .It is possible for an increase in fluid pressure to increase the viscosity of an oil.Saybolt Universal viscometerThe term “dynamic viscosity” is sometimes confused with the reading taken from the Saybolt the Saybolt Universal Viscosimeter . In actual industrial practice , this instrument has been standardized arbitrarily for testing of petroleum products. Despite the fact that it is called, a viscosimeter , the Saybolt instrument does not measure “dynamic viscosity” .A diagram illustrating the Saybolt viscosi-meter is shown in Fig.7.In operating the instrument, the liquid to tested is placed in the central cylinder, which is a short , small-bore tube having a cork at its lower end .Surrounding the central cylinder, a liquid bath is used to maintain the temperature of the liquid that is being tested. After the test temperature has been reached, the cork is pulled , and the time in seconds, that is required for 60 milliliters of test flow out of the cylinder is measured with a stop watch. This measured time, in seconds, is called the Saybolt Universal Reading.The S.A.E.(Society of Automotive Engineers) has established standardized numbers for labeling of the oils . For oils tested at 130°F. in a standard Saybolt Universal instrument, Table 1 indicates S.A.E. numbers for the corresponding rangesof Saybolt Universal readings.Table 1. Range of Saybolt Readings, SecondsFor e xample , if an oil is labeled “SAE 10,”the Saybolt Universal reading at 130°F. is in the range, from 90 to less than 120 seconds.Viscosity ProblemsIf the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is too high (fluid does not flow as freely as desired), the following undesirable may result:1. Internal resistance , or fluid friction , is high, which means a high resistance to flow through the valves and pumps.2. Power consumption is high , because fluid friction is high .3. Fluid temperature is high, because friction is high.4. Pressure drop through the system may be higher than desired. Which means that less useful pressure is available for doing useful work.5. The motion and operation of the various parts may be slow and sluggish as a result of the high resistance.If the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is too low (fluid flows more freely than desired ), the following undesirable actions may result:1. More leakage may occur in the clearance space than is desired.2. A lower pressure may occur in the system than is desired.3. An increase in wear may occur, because of the lack of a strong fluid film between mechanical parts that move in relation to each other.4. Pump leakage may increase, resulting in reduced pump delivery and efficiency.5. A loss of control may occur , because fluid film strength is reduced.With respect to Saybolt readings, the viscosimeter readings of oils in service should not exceed 4000 seconds, and they should not read less than 45 seconds.Viscosity IndexIdeally , the dynamic viscosity of an oil should change only slightly, as thetemperature changes, In the automobile engine, the oil in the crankcase is operated over a wide range of temperatures. On a very cold winter morning, after the car has been operated for some length of time, the temperature of the oil may be very low, and the dynamic viscosity of the oil may be very high .If the dynamic viscosity of the oil is excessively high , large forces and large amounts of power may be required to “shear” the oil films Also, after the eng ine has been operated for a period of time on a hot summer day ,the temperature of the oil may be very high ,and the dynamic viscosity of the oil may be too low; therefore, the oil may not form a suitable lubricating film between the sliding surfaces. A breakdown of the oil film may result in excessive wear of the metal surfaces and a loss of power in the engine.The term viscosity index is an arbitrarily defined ratio; it indicates the relative change in Saybolt Universal reading ,with respect to temperature. The most desirable oils are those that have a high viscosity index; that is , the change in Saybolt reading is relatively small, as the temperature changes. Oils having a small viscosity index register a relatively large change in Saybolt reading, as the temperature changes. Lubricating ValueThe terms oiliness and lubricity are used to refer to the lubricating value of an oil. These terms are most often used when the moving surfaces are relatively close and may make metal-to-metal contact. At the same pressure and temperature, and oil A may be a better lubricant than another oil B; therefore, oil A possesses more “oiliness” or “lubricity” than oil B.The lubricating value of a fluid depends on its chemical structure and its reaction with various metal surfaces when the metal surfaces are relatively close to each other. Thus , oiliness and lubricity are extremely important in performance of an oil.Pour PointThe pour point of a fluid is defined as the lowest temperature at which the fluid flows when it is chilled under given conditions. The pour point is important when the hydraulic system is exposed to low temperatures. As a general rule , the most desirable pour point should be approximately 20°F. below the lowest temperature to which the fluid will be exposed.Oxidation and ContaminationOxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with another element, As the air contains oxygen, the oxygen that is involved in fluid oxidation comes fromexposing or mixing the fluid with air . The oxidation reaction increases with the increased exposure of the oil to air.Undesirable quantities of air in hydraulic systems can be due to mechanical causes , such as air leakage into the oil suction line, low fluid level in the oil reservoir , and leakage around the packing .Air leakage may result in the erratic motion of mechanical parts, and it also may cause the fluid to oxidize more rapidly . All oils contain some air in solution which may not cause any trouble. If the air is not in solution , a foaming action may result, If trapped in cylinder , air that is not in highly compressible; however, the oil is not as highly compressible as the air. Irregulars action of a cylinder, for example , may result if a significant quantity of air becomes undeserved.Ferrous metals are Destroyed by rust . Rust can develop in a hydraulic system if moisture is present; this moisture may be the penult of condensation from air that enters through leaks on the intake(low pressure) side of a pump.The “oxidation stability” of an oil refers to the inherent ability of an oil to resist oxidation. Oxidation increases with increases in temperature ,pressure, and agitation .Oxidation increases with increases in temperature, pressure , and agitation . Oxidation also increases an the oil becomes contaminated with such substances as grease ,dirt moisture, paint and joint compound. Various metals also promote oil oxidation ,and the various fluids have different oxidation characteristics.Table 2 lists the essential properties of the commercially avail-able hydraulic fluids.Table 2. Properties of Available Hydravlic FluidsREVIEWQUESTIONS1. List threedisadvantages of using in a fluid power system.2. What may be the cause of hydraulic oil becoming overheated in a hydraulic system?3. In what ways can air enter a hydraulic system?4. In what ways can dirt get into a hydraulic system, despite the fact that a suitable filter is employed in the system?5. What precautions should be taken in changing the oil in a hydraulic system?6. In storing hydraulic fluids, what precautions should be exercised?7. What hazards are presented when hydraulic oil remains on the floor?8. List three types of commonly used hydraulic fluids.9. What is the effect of some fire-resistant fluids on packing, gaskets, filters, etc.。

油气储运专业英语第一单元翻译(成品)

The Wellhead井口The wellhead is the equipment used to maintain surface control of the well. It is usually made of cast or forged steel and machined to a close fit to form a seal and prevent well fluids from blowing or leaking at the surface. The wellhead is sometimes made up of many heavy fittings with certain parts designed to hold pressure up to 30,000 psi. A high pressure assembly is shown in Fig. 1-8. Other wellheads may be just a simple assemble to support the weight of the tubing in the well, and may not be built to hold pressure.井口装置是用来维持井口表面控制的设备。

它通常用铸钢或锻钢加工成密紧密配合的部件，从而形成密封，防止井流在地表泄露。

井口有时是由一些可以承受30,000 psi高压的重型设备组合而成。

高压装配如图1-8所示。

其他井口可能只是一个能承受井中油管重量的简单设备，并不能承受高压。

The kind of the wellhead configuration to be used is determined by well conditions. The high pressure wellhead is required where formation pressure are extremely high. Pressures higher than 20,000 psi have been found in some fields, requiring the use of a heavy wellhead. Where production and pressures are very low, the simple wellhead may be used.采用什么类型的井口取决于井的条件。

有关油井的英文表达

有关油井的英文表达油井（oil well）指任何钻透地球表面（Earth's surface）的钻孔（boring），目的是发现（find）或生产（produce）石油（petroleum/oil/hydrocarbons）。

专门生产天然气的叫气井（gas well）。

油井一般经历五个阶段：计划（planning）、钻井（drilling）、完井（completion）、生产（production）与报废（abandonment）。

首先用钻机（drilling rig）通过钻具（drill string）上的钻头（drill bit）在地上钻出127-914.4毫米的孔（hole），然后在钻孔（borehole）中下钢制油管（steel tubing）与套管（casing）。

套管与钻孔之间还可能需要用水泥（cement）来固定。

套管为井孔（wellbore）提供结构上的整体性（structural integrity），同时隔离（isolate）危险的高压区（high pressure zone）。

随着井深加大，钻头和套管尺寸会变小。

现在的油井通常都有2-5个逐渐变小的井口尺寸。

钻头通过与之连接的钻铤（drill collar）来钻进岩层。

钻井液（drilling fluid/mud）通过钻杆（drill pipe）内部泵入钻头，作用包括冷却（cooling）钻头、提升钻屑（drill cuttings）、避免井壁（wellbore wall）不稳定以及避免岩层液体由于压力进入井眼。

使用过的钻井液用振动筛（shaker）去掉钻屑后返回泥浆池（pit）循环利用。

通过在地面的顶部驱动装置（topdrive/kelly drive）增加额外的10米长的钻杆（joints）来增加钻井深度。

这个过程叫接单根（making a connection）。

三根钻杆叫一个立根或立柱（stand）。

小的钻机使用两根的立根，大的则可以使用四根的立根。

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