Nitrogen and Sulphur
酸雨 Acid Rain 环境相关英语作文
Acid Rain>Essay On Acid Rain:Acid Rain is composed of highly acidic water droplets due to air emissions, specifically the disproportionate levels of sulphur and Nitrogen emitted by vehicles and manufacturing processes. Often called acid rain as this concept contains many types of acidic precipitation.The acidic discharge takes place in two ways: wet and dry. The pH value of normal rainwater is around 5.7, giving it an acidic nature.Long And Short Essays On Acid Rain for Students and Kids In EnglishWe provide students with essay samples on an extended essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic Acid Rain.Long Essay On Acid Rain 500 Words In EnglishLong Essay on Acid Rain is helpful to students of classes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.As the name suggests, acid rain can be said to be the precipitation of acid in the form of rain in the most straightforward manner. Whenatmospheric pollutants like oxides of Nitrogen and sulphur react with rainwater and are available with the rain, this leads to Acid Rain.The acidic deposition takes place in two different ways: wet and dry. Wet sediments are any form of precipitation that removes acids from the atmosphere and places them on the earth’s surface. In the absence of precipitation, dry deposition of polluting particles and gases sticks to the ground through dust and smoke.The causes of acid precipitation are Sulphur and Nitrogen particles which get mixed with the wet components of rain. Sulphur and Nitrogenparticles which get mixed with water are found in two ways either human-made because the emissions are given out from industries or by natural causes like how a lightning strike within the atmosphere releases from volcanic eruptions.According to the Royal Society of Chemistry, which considers him the “father of acid rain,” the word “acid rain” was invented by Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith in 1852. Smith selected on the name while studying rainwater chemistry near industrial towns in England and Scotland.Even though it is clean, the regular clean water we experience, i.e. water and CO2, react together to make weak carbonic acid which virtually by itself isn’t overly harmful. The pH value of normal rainwater is around 5.7, giving it an acidic nature. The oxides of Nitrogen and sulphur are blown away by the wind along with the dust particle. They choose the earth’s surface after coming down within the sort of precipitation. Acid rain is a byproduct of human activities that emit the nitrogen and sulphur oxides within the atmosphere—such as burning fossil fuels and unethical waste emission disposal techniques.Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide undergo oxidation, and then they react with water resulting in the formation of the sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively.Acid rain is extremely harmful to agriculture, plants, and animals. It washes away all nutrients which are required for the expansion and survival of plants. Acid precipitation affects agriculture by the way how it alters the composition of the soil. It causes respiratory issues in animals and humans. When acid rain falls and flows into rivers and ponds, it affects the aquatic ecosystem. As it alters the chemicalcomposition of the water, to make which is harmful to the marine ecosystem to survive and causes pollution. Acid precipitation also causes water pipes’ corrosion, which further leads to leaching of heavy metals like iron, lead and copper into the beverage. It damages the buildings and monument made from stones and metals.The only precaution that we will take against acid precipitation has a check at the emission of oxides of Nitrogen and sulphur. Being responsible citizens, one should remember the harmful effects they cause and the industriesthat give out Nitrogen and sulphur compound wastes unethically.Short Essay On Acid Rain 150 Words In EnglishShort Essay on Acid Rain is helpful to students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.Acid rain is caused by a reaction that begins when compounds like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to make more acidic pollutants called acid precipitation.The ecological consequences of acid precipitation are seen most strongly in marine habitats, like streams, lakes and marshes where fish and other wildlife can be toxic. Acidic rainwater can leach aluminium from soil clay particles because it flows through the soil then floods into streams and lakes.Sulphur dioxide and oxide and therefore the principal chemicals for acid precipitation. It also can influence human since the acid goes into fruits, vegetables and animals. In other words, we will get sick if acid precipitation doesn’t stopand that we eat those things. Generally, the acid precipitation affects man, but indirectly.10 Lines On Acid Rain Essay In EnglishAcid rain is formed by highly acidic water droplets due to air emissions.Sulfur dioxide and oxide and therefore the principal chemicals for acid rain.The only precaution that we will take against acid rain has a check at the emission of oxides of Nitrogen and sulphur.Acid precipitation affects man.It also can influence humans since the acid goes into fruits, vegetables and animals.Acid rain is extremely harmful to agriculture, plants, and animals.The pH value of normal rainwater is around 5.7, giving it an acidic nature.Acid rain also causes the corrosion of water pipes.The acidic deposition takes place in two different ways: wet and dry.Acid rain is a byproduct of human activities. >FAQ’s on Acid Rain EssayQuestion 1.What is going to happen if we don’t stop acid rain?Answer:Acid Rain influences human since the acid goes into fruits, vegetables and animals. People can get sick if acid rain doesn’t stop. itQuestion 2.What are the ways to scale back acid rain?Answer:They ought to use alternative energy sources, like solar and wind generation, atomic power, hydropower, and geothermal heat.Question 3.What are the two strong acids present in acid rain?Answer:Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the two strong acids present in acid rain that are incredibly potent and corrosive.。
雅思测试题 (2)
ListeningSECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-6Complete the notes belowWrite NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Choose Two letters A-EWhich Two things are included in the price of the tour?A fishing tripB guided bushwalkC reptile park entryD table tennisE tennisQuestions 7-10Complete the sentences belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer7 The tour costs $..........................8 Bookings must be made no later than..........................days in advance.9 A..........................deposit is required..10 The customer’s reference number is..........................SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-15Complete the table belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answerComplete the notes belowWrite NUMBERS OR NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answerQuestions 21-24Complete the notes belowWrite NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Choose TWO letters A-EWhat TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?A The data is sometimes invalidB Too few people may respondC It is less likely to reveal the unexpectedD It can only be used with literate populationsE There is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaires Questions 27-30Complete the table belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.You Should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40. Which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowThe topics discussed included the co-ordinated study of the destruction of forests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem. The preparatory work for the conference had been undertaken at two meetings of experts. Their initial task was to decide which of the many forest problems of concern to Europe involved the largest number of countries and might be the subject of joint action. Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded. However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.As a whole, European countries see forests as performing a triple function: biological, economic and recreational. The first is to act as a 'green lung' for our planet; by means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant. At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood. Finally, they offer those condemned to spend five days a week in an urban environment an unrivalled area of freedom to unwind and take part in a range of leisure activities, such as hunting, riding and hiking. The economic importance of forests has been understood since the dawn of man - wood was the first fuel. The other aspects have been recognised only for a few centuries but they are becoming more and more important. Hence, there is a real concern throughout Europe about the damage to the forest environment whichthreatens these three basic roles.The myth of the 'natural' forest has survived, yet there are effectively no remaining 'primary' forests in Europe. All European forests are artificial, having been adapted and exploited by man for thousands of years. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy. The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion. A general declaration was made that 'a central place in any ecologically coherent forest policy must be given to continuity over time and to the possible effects of unforeseen events, to ensure that the full potential of these forests is maintained'.That general declaration was accompanied by six detailed resolutions to assist national policy-making. The first proposes the extension and systematisation of surveillance sites to monitor forest decline. Forest decline is still poorly understood but leads to the loss of a high proportion of a tree's needles or leaves. The entire continent and the majority of species are now affected: between 30%and 50% of the tree population. The condition appears to result from the cumulative effect of a number of factors, with atmospheric pollutants the principal culprits. Compounds of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide should be particularly closely watched. However, their effects are probably accentuated by climatic factors, such as drought and hard winters, or soil imbalances such as soil acidification, which damages the roots. The second resolution concentrates on the need to preserve the genetic diversity of Europeanforests. The aim is to reverse the decline in the number of tree species or at least to preserve the 'genetic material' of all of them. Although forest fires do not affect all of Europe to the same extent, the amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the Strasbourg conference consider the establishment of a European databank on the subject. All information used in the development of national preventative policies would become generally available. The subject of the fourth resolution discussed by the ministers was mountain forests. In Europe, it is undoubtedly the mountain ecosystem which has changed most rapidly and is most at risk.A thinly scattered permanent population and development of leisure activities, particularly skiing, have resulted in significant long-term changes to the local ecosystems. Proposed developments include a preferential research program on mountain forests. The fifth resolution relaunched the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Eurosilva. Eurosilva should support joint European research on tree diseases and their physiological and biochemical aspects. Each country concerned could increase the number of scholarships and other financial support for doctoral theses and research projects in this area. Finally, the conference established the framework for a European research network on forest ecosystems. This would also involve harmonising activities in individual countries as well as identifying a number of priority research topics relating to the protection of forests. The Strasbourg conference's main concern was to provide for the future. This was the initial motivation, one now shared by all 31 participants representing 31European countries. Their final text commits them to on-going discussion between government representatives with responsibility for forests.Questions 27-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at the next meeting of experts.28 Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community.29 Forests are a renewable source of raw material.30 The biological functions of forests were recognised only in the twentieth century.31 Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.32 Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.33 The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for the possibility of change.Questions 34-39Look at the following statements issued by the conference.Which six of the following statements, A-J, refer to the resolutions that were issued? Match the statements with the appropriate resolutions (Questions 34-39).Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.35 Resolution 236 Resolution 337 Resolution 438 Resolution 539 Resolution 6Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40 What is the best title for Reading Passage 3?A The biological, economic and recreational role of forestsB Plans to protect the forests of EuropeC The priority of European research into ecosystemsD Proposals for a world-wide policy on forest managementWriting Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Many people think having enough money bring happiness but others think too much money can bring problems.Do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.。
文献检索考试试题及资料
西南大学课程考核图1Google检索商业类网站发布的题目计算机或者电脑的价格的信息，输入_B___应该最合——————————————密————————————封————————————线——————————————C. 检索式如图2所示图2D. 检索式如图3所示分两步的过程。
图38.检索钙（calcium）用于食品（food）或者饲料（feed）的添加剂（additive）的英文信息，检索式是：CA.calcium and food or feed and additiveB. (calcium and food or feed) and additiveC. calcium and（food or feed）and additiveD. (calcium and food) or (feed and additive)9. 检索英语会话类辞典例如《美国语会话百科》、《英语会话大全》、《现代英汉生活用语图解词典》，哪种检索途径才能够同时查出这3本书？BA.用关键词“英语”并且“会话”并且“词典”B.用中国图书馆分类号“H319.9-61”C.用书名“英语会话”并且“词典”或者“辞典”D.用书名“英语会话”和“大全”10.用中国国家知识产权局专利数据库检索清华大学申请的传动或者传感的装置的专利，检索式是：AA.名称字段输入：(传动or 传感)and 装置申请人字段输入：清华大学B.摘要字段输入：传动or 传感and 装置申请人字段输入：清华大学C.名称字段输入：传动+传感*装置代理人字段输入：清华大学D.名称字段输入：（传动+传感）*装置专利代理机构字段输入：清华大学11. 检索人名“凯恩斯”及类似译名例如“凯因斯”和“凯印斯”等等，输入___C__应该最合理：A. 凯+斯B. 凯*斯C. 凯?斯D. 凯恩斯或者凯因斯或者凯印斯12.一篇论文列出的参考文献如下: Luo C, Branlard G, Griffin W B. The effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization and their interaction with genotype on wheat glutenins and quality——————————————密————————————封————————————线——————————————parameters.Journal of Cereal Science,2000,31:185-194.那么该文献的作者有_C_____位。
人与自然和谐的英语作文
人与自然和谐的英语作文（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如职场文书、合同协议、策划方案、规章制度、演讲致辞、应急预案、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as workplace documents, contract agreements, planning plans, rules and regulations, speeches, emergency plans, experiences, teaching materials, essay summaries, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!人与自然和谐的英语作文2023人与自然和谐的英语作文范文（精选19篇）在生活、工作和学习中，大家对作文都再熟悉不过了吧，根据写作命题的特点，作文可以分为命题作文和非命题作文。
化工专业英语
从以石油作为有机化学品的来源到以煤为有机化学品的来源这种转变是无可置疑 的。但是唯一无法确定的是这种转变需要的时间与发生的速度。 研制中的煤转化工艺目的是为了生产出气体原料或液体原料。这些原料与石油衍 生物原料的成分近似可直接应用于当今的石化工厂及其工艺中。
To achieve this, however, two problems must be overcome, which are a consequence of the differing natures of coal and oil. Firstly, the H:C ratios are different for coal and for petroleumderived liquid feedstocks. Secondly, significant amounts of heteroatoms are present in coal, particularly sulphur which may reach levels as high as 3%. The sulphur has to be removed for two reasons: (ⅰ)on combustion it will form the atmospheric(大 气的) pollutant SO2, and (ⅱ)it is a potent（强烈的） catalyst poison, and most of the downstream petrochemical processes are catalytic. However, its removal from coal is difficult and it is therefore removed from the conversion products in stead.
硫氯分析仪(微库仑法)校准方法的研究
《计量与测试技术》２０１９年第 ４６卷第 ５期
硫氯分析仪（微库仑法）校准方法的研究
陈明
（广东省计量科学研究院，广东 广州 ５１０４０５）
摘 要：硫氯分析仪是根据微库仑原理，样品中各种形态的硫（氯）在氮气和氧气中于高温下变成二氧化硫（全部变成 ＨＣｌ），进入滴定池，通过 电解产生碘与二氧化硫反应（在池中通过电解产生银离子与 氯 离 子 反 应 ），微 机 根 据 产 生 的 碘 消 耗 的 电 量 （微 机 根 据 产 生 的 银 离 子 消 耗 的 电 量），依据法拉第定律，自动算出样品中的总硫含量（总氯含量），广泛应用于石油、化工、科研、教学、环保、质检、商检等行业，但目前并没有相 应的规程或规范作为硫氯分析仪的校准依据。本文对硫氯分析仪的工作原理进行了归纳和分析，依据现有的量值溯源方法和体系对硫氯分析 仪的校准和量值溯源进行了探讨。 关键词：硫氯分析仪；计量校准；量值溯源 中图分类号：ＴＢ９ 文献标识码：Ａ 国家标准学科分类代码：４１０５５ ＤＯＩ：１０．１５９８８／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１００４－６９４１．２０１９．５．０２７
ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＣａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＳｕｌｐｈｕｒ－ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅＡｎａｌｙｚｅｒ（Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｕｌｏｍｅｔｒｙ）
ＣｈｅｎＭｉｎｇＹｉ
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅｓｕｌｆｕｒ－ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｒｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｕｌｏｍｂＴｈｅｖａｒｉｏｕｓｆｏｒｍｓｏｆｓｕｌｆｕｒ （ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅ）ｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｐｌｅａｒｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｔｏｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ（ＨＣｌ）ａｔｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｎｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｏｘｙｇｅｎＩｔ ｅｎｔｅｒｓｔｈｅｔｉｔｒａｔｉｏｎｃｅｌｌａｎｄｒｅａｃｔｓｗｉｔｈｉｏｄｉｎｅａｎｄｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｂｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ（ｓｉｌｖｅｒｉｏｎｒｅａｃｔｓｗｉｔｈｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅｉｏｎ ｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｌｌ）Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｓｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｉｏｄｉｎｅ（ｓｉｌｖｅｒｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅａ ｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｓｉｌｖｅｒｉｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ）ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＦａｒａｄａｙ＇ｓｌａｗ，ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｓｕｌｐｈｕｒｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ（ｔｏｔａｌｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅ ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ）ｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｐｌｅｃａｎｂｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙＩｔｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｐｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ，ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ， ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ， ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｃｏｍｍｏｄｉｔｙ ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓＨｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｎｏｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｏｒｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｓｔｈｅｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｂａｓｉｓｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｕｒ－ ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｒＩｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｔｈｅｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｕｒ－ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｒｉｓｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄａｎｄａｎａ ｌｙｚｅｄＢａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｔｒａｃｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｍｅｔｈｏｄｓａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ，ｔｈｅｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｒａｃｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｕｒ－ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅ ａｎａｌｙｚｅｒａｒｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｓｕｌｆｕｒ－ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｒ；ｍｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ；ｔｒａｃｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｖａｌｕ
人与自然的英语演讲稿
人与自然的英语演讲稿人与自然的英语演讲稿1Nature, the environment which human beings live by, is magnificent andunique. There si only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. Weshould have cherished nature and preserved it. Conversely, however, we have beencontinually spoiling it, even to a shocking degree. Now let's see what we havedong.Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, which has caused soil erosion. Hundreds of thousands of tons of CFCS have been left in the higher skyin the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the South Polethat covers an area of that of the United States. Million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year, which has eventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world.Similarly, ecology has been affected as well. And considerable number ofspecies have been extinct as the years go by many creatures which were common inthe past are becoming less and less, even rare. The Tibet antelope, for instance, is a good example. Since the antelopes of Tibet have a part of fur ontheir body which can be made into a precious cape, driven by some lawless dealers many villagers killed antelopes excessively and shocking for the largesuns of fortune. Because of this, the number of the antelopes of Tibet hassharply fallen from over one million to less than one hundred thousand. Andwhat's more, the number has now decreased by 20 thousand per year. Qing ZangPlatean, which was their homeland, is their tombs now.This is how nature has suffered what we have done to it. However, nature andsuffer any more. She lost her temper and could no longer possibly put up withhumans. She gave humans harsh punishment, which she thought they deserved. Theacid rain has caused the less of more than 100 billion dollars throughout theworld per year. And because of desertisation, soil is becoming more and morebarren. The soil of many planes is now until for growing plants. The air is lessfresh, and a lot of people even get many stranger diseases. Those are all thepunishment of nature to human's pollution. On the other hand, human being suffera lot as well.So it leads to a serious of questions--Why can't we live harmoniously with nature?Why can't we set a balance between human and nature?Why can't we pay more attention to nature and try to reserve it? Therefore, before we take immediate measures to do something, we should beaware of the fact that "Conquering the nature" will never be our goal, instead,we should take the nature as our intimate friend. Preserving nature is not onlypreserving our home, but the civilization of human community as well.人与自然的英语演讲稿2Yesterday I watched the film Kingkong . After the movie ended , I felt a bitindignant .Who gives the right to human to capture Kingkong from his home ,andwho give the right to sentence Kingkong to death.And Why and on what? Maybe the human demand too much from the nature, just for creation and fame,they captured Kingkong .But is the transient happiness more significant than alife?Similar to this ,this noon I heard a news by TV.A lot of aigrette was caughtin China when the are migrating . And the migrants always migrated to where isnot a nature preservation.So a lot of people who lost the conscience caught these birds rampantly. But almost all of them knew the destiny of the caughtbirds. After being epilated , they would be sent to the restaurants. And I don'tknow , why the people want to wear the birds' feather, what benefit they couldget from wearing it.And eating the rare birds is more ridiculous.As is known toall , almost all the delicious food has already chosen by our ancestor, that 'spoultry and cattle. All the motivation to eat wild aninimals results from thecuriosity and peacockery.But can they be more significant than the value oflife?There is another news about the absurd throwing frozen fish competion inAustralia. Every years , 9 tons of fish which has stickly fixed size and weightwas used , in another word , wasted.And to get the fish according with thedemand , tens of times of quantity of fish will be captured , in another word,killed.And almost all the captured fish is wild in the ocean .Why are so muchwild fish wasted and killed ? Just for fun! And just for fun ,then people justcan have the right to deprive the wild animals of lives.Isn't it absurd? Now I can finally be sympthized with the opinion of the director of thefamous film "the ape planet".Maybe we all need a lesson to learn to respect nature and treat life .人与自然的英语演讲稿3For the behavior of human, nature and the earth mother gave us a words: "whodone no wrong, and that could change, be not." People seemed to understand themeaning of this sentence, and began to enjoy the environment of the protectionof the environment at the same time, hope in harmony with nature.Said to the man and nature in harmony, for example, we see a tree to plant atree, to do everything in our power to our compensation fault before, treat every inch, protect animals...People began to afforestation and the protection of animals, is also a lot ofpropaganda slogans on television. People in the desert near to shelter forest,prevent dust storms. Remember there is a news said: "an old man near their HuangShanPo value on trees, trees when I was a child, every day he came to seeonce, pouring water or weeding, seedlings grown up now, he has to go to otherplaces to plant trees, he said, he is old and his son, and his son is old son'sson." Old man planting trees have spent, also. Can such a man, what can't we?Wenxin after reports, it is more and more people began to plant trees.A lot ofnaughty children no longer draw out a bird's nest, but long accompanied bybuilding the bird's nest at home. These things have become common now.I believe in that way, the earth mother will restore the original beauty, manand nature will become more harmonious to get along, is more prosperous, humanlife more beautiful! Finally remember a words: "be gentle with the earth _scientific development, harmonious.人与自然的英语演讲稿4The beauty of nature is like a magician. To daub on light green, spring tosummer with a dark green, and, with dazzling aureate autumn to winter again puton a white coat; Ding-dong of the spring water gently singing tune, spectacularsea in rhythm, those little the singer with the wind also show up their indirectvoice; Beautiful picture of nature is the blue sky white clouds, green hills andwater, flowers, quiet mountains...What a sight!However, such a view, so beautiful, because human desire is don't have much,everywhere is named "tall buildings" tree; Flow of the river is called "car" ofwater droplets; Beautiful mountain "has been renamed as" factory "; Beautifulblue sky white clouds seemed to fit the nobility, clothed in black. Oh my god ~! The beauty of the earth's natural villages? Where is she? Oh,she is still there, just for old face... These, is she the children are making!The human and the nature can't coexist? As long as we are taking the path ofsustainable development, mother nature will not be ill-treated in human ~! Butnow? Human unchecked, makes the natural mother scarred, also sped up the earth'sresources to reduce...Stupid human ah, you really are in knowingly ah ~! Preached that environmental protection, and increase the demand, this is the face of love yourmother? Action! Action! With the practical action to implement environmentalprotection, for future generations point f!人与自然的英语演讲稿5We often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes fromnature. Therefore, I think our society is a part of nature. People should liveharmoniously with nature. All the materials we need to live with come from nature, but we should also repay the nature, rather than blindly solicit. Forexample, we should plant more trees and take actions to protect the environment.In addition, we have to control population. Due to excessive population growth,human beings require much more natural resources than before, which lead toexcessive pressure on nature. In order to long-term development, the populationgrowth must be controlled. We all come from nature which is our homeland, so wemust try best to protect it.人与自然的英语演讲稿【以下为精品推荐，可删改！】【推荐一：《人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文》】人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文1A school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kidsfrom my window as they played basketball. One day, among the children a girlattracted me. She seemed so small as she muscled her way through the crowd ofboys. Running circles around the other kids, she managed to shoot jump shotsjust over their heads and into the net with on one to stop her. Sometimes, I sawher play alone. She would practice dribbling and shooting over and over again,until dark.One day I asked her why she practiced so much. Without hesitation, she said,"I want to go to college. The only way I can go is if I get a scholarship. If Iwere good enough, I would get a scholarship. I like basketball. My Daddytold meif the dream is big enough, the facts don't count." Then she smiled and rantowards the court to go on practice.I watched her through junior high and into high school. Every week, she ledher varsity team to victory. One day in her senior year, I saw her sittinginthe grass, head cradled in her arms. I went over there and sat down beside her.Quietly I asked her what was wrong. "Oh, nothing," She replied softly. "I amjust too short." The coach told her that at 5'5"she would probably never get toplay for a top ranked college team — much less be offered a scholarship — so sheshould stop dreaming about college.She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tighten as I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She toldme that her father said those coaches were wrong. They did not understand thepower of a dream. He told her that if she really wanted to play for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, that nothing could stop her exceptone thing — her own attitude. He told her again, "If the dream is big enough,the facts don't count."The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern CaliforniaChampionship game, she was seen by a college recruiter, and was offered a fullscholarship, to a NCAA women's basketball team. She was going to college, whichshe had dreamed of and worked toward for all those years.It's true: If the dream is big enough, the facts don't matter.人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文2There are many things in the world. Compare to those, people is a very smallpart of the world, so it is very difficult and lucky to be a person in theworld. Thanks to my monther.I should live happy to thanks my monther. When shesee my smile, she will be happy too. She will think that all she does for me isdeserved. I think that the meaning of live is not only make myself or my monthhappy, but also bring the happies to all of the people around me.Hope everyonein the world can live happily.life is to grow up. I don't like to be a child. I would like to be a eldersister/brother, a monther/father. big person can have money, beautiful dress.Their words are always right. Child should liston to them.I hope that I can growup quickly.人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文3The day was sunny, but I was in a bad mood. At the oncoming party IWouldhave to do some cleaning, for I was considered unable to dance or sing.I eouldnot but accept the task. During the party, I tried hard to keep the room clean,and after he party I got rid of the rubbish. When seeing all those present joyful, I felt my job worthwhile.When being told that the entire room would have been a dustbin without me, Ithought of a well-known saying, "There must be a use for my talent."My friends,you may have no special talent, but as long as you do your utmost to dowell everything useful, you will find everything is beautiful at every corner of yourlife.人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文4Life is not long, but many times choose, you have many choices come throughtoday. Wait more than 60 days, you in turn to make a choice, but the choice isyour life is very important, very crucial choice. The choice to a large extentdirectly related to your future direction in life, whether related to the futureglory of life, and even the success of the big problems of life.The last choice, because your young, largely by your parents or relatives tohelp you to make choices. Then the choice of their ability to help so you cancreate conditions to help you (for example, taking your difference, they cangive you the money you read Choosing Health). Entrance options, but this largelydepends on yourself decide the. Because: First, the difficulty of the selectionbigger, some parents and relatives also lack guidance capability; second is thechoice of policy, a more equitable, they may have money, but you also can notscore enough money to help you. So many choices in this and future autonomy ofthe major is in your own hands. From .Select certain subjective and objective conditions. The university entranceexam already created the objective conditions of choice. For example, the University has long been the face of the door here open for each student, youcan enter with their conditions. Another example is that the states admissionpolicy is not directed against an individual, but against all the candidatesthis year, has been formed, you can only prepare the conditions required bypolicy to choose. Another example: you face the teachers and the teaching environment of objective factors in the last more than 60 days are basicallyconstant. You can only adjust themselves to the further adaptation. Therefore,the objective conditions of your current studies, as if we can only face eachgeneration has been formed as the productivity of conditions, can only besubjective on this basis up efforts to promote the development of the existingproductive forces, not to complain about now have low productivity. This yearscollege entrance examination, you can only have been formed by the face of thesesubjective and objective conditions to efforts to improve their academic performance. Not to complain about the objective conditions than me.In addition to other life choices, and many give up. But a lot of life togive up in order to better choices. You this time, the face of the universityare beckoning to you, you can choose not to give up. Can also say: You give up alot in the past, that is, to this choice. Example, Why did not you work outsidethe home? Why not stay at home farming? Why seeing your parents morning toevening, busy doing farming work, and even sick exertion in the field, and youshare those concerns did not go home for their problem-solving, can you give upso they are not all for this time of choice?Both gave up so much, they chose today, why not try to choose tomorrow? Beckon you do not choose to have this as another of the universities? Thereisthe further purification of your soul, raise your quality, and increase yoursurvivability, and improve your quality of life in the future to achieve greatervalue of life your furnace.人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文5Good evening, Dear judges, ladies and gentlemen, my name is HeYi, I am fromclass 165, today I am very glad to give my speech here, and my topic is Life.As we know, life is precious and only one time for every person. So dreamwhat you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, becauseyou have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.The happiest of people dont necessarily have the best of everything; theyjust make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness lies for those who cry, those who hurt, those who have searched,and those who have tried, for only they can appreciate the importance of peoplewho have touched their lives.When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Liveyour life so that when you die, youre the one who is smiling and everyone aroundyou is crying.May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trials to make youstrong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. Tenthousand years are too long, seize the day, seize the hour!Think you for your listening!人生感悟的英语演讲稿范文【推荐二：《以态度为题的英语演讲稿》】以态度为题的英语演讲稿1Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when weplay games and when we try to do better than others in our study. Thereisconstant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth.In a sense, competition is one of the motive force to the development of society.In fact, the only way our world reward people is to give laurels to thewinners, not to the losers. What is more, by attempting to compete at differentactivities, we learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths andweaknesses. Competition prepares us for the tough things in life.To go ahead, to acquire possession, we should be competitive. To us, industriousness and ambition are positive values.Whether in games, in study or in business alike, the aim is to win the game,the degree, the trophy, and the contract. Learning to be competitive is clearlythe best preparation for life.以态度为题的英语演讲稿2Rice lu said: "attitude is everything". Good, rigorous earnest attitude isthe guarantee of success, the learning attitude, strict discipline concept, tobe successful in our studies. Some students take learning as a burden, even is akind of in order to complete tasks, parents, teachers and this attitude is verypassive. Holding such an attitude to learn, results will be negligible. In thiscase, as a kind of attitude to treat study, take learning as a pleasure. Whensolve the problem, in a satisfactory result, we are not happy? So, everyone should learn to adjust their own learning attitude, full attention to each course, each class, it will be a huge boost to learn. We have to do to winwithout pride and lose with grace, don't be a slave of learning, but to be agood master of learning.Lao tzu once said: "the world is difficult to do in easy; world affairs, willdo fine", it pointed out the incisive want to accomplish something, must startfrom the simple things, from the perspective of the subtleties. Ask and WangZhong in his the author also puts forward the detail decides success or failureof the same point of view. With all my heart desire, the pursuit of great great,great but no trace; Willing to insipid, done every detail seriously, great butunexpectedly. This is the charm of the details. The value of a man is not measured in quantity but in the depth of his, the common characteristics ofsuccessful people, is can do small things, to capture some of the details oflife. Similarly, in the study, we also want to learn to pay attention to detail,pay attention to the study method of control the careful and meticulous inusual, don't leave out any knowledge points. In class, pay attention to theteacher's explanation, and record the key knowledge consciously notes; After theclass, finish the homework carefully, understand each subject, should try tospend some time to review the knowledge they learned in class. Before exams ahead of time to review work, remembers important knowledge point according tothe requirement of the teacher, must be careful when answering question clearquestion, after checking carefully. So that learning strategy can makeus canlearn more freely, and to cope with the exam.In half a month or so, we will usher in the final exam. I hope everyone canunderstand the "attitude decides everything, detail decides success or failure",the meaning and significance of study harder from now on, strive for greaterbreakthrough in the examination.以态度为题的英语演讲稿3You practiced over and over again; you wanted it more than anyone; youstudied the hardest,but in the end,you still didn't succeed.Each time you askyourself,what happened and why.What I might suggest is that did you have a wrongattitude?Positive attitude helps us cope with the daily affairs of life more easily.Itbrings optimism into our life,and makes it easier to avoid worry and negativethinking.If we adopt it as a way of life,it will bring constructive changes intoour life,and makes us happier,brighter and more successful.With a positiveattitude we will see the bright side of life,become optimistic and expect thebest to happen.It is certainly a state of mind that is well worth developing andstrengthening.So next time,you will practice just as much,still want it just as much,willstudy just as hard.What will be different is that you will also put on a smile.Apositive attitude might just be the one thing that you need to succeed!以态度为题的英语演讲稿4We have a saying "destiny" character creation, therefore, attitude, characterand personality is attitude is destiny, so if the right attitude fate, fatenature also went toward the direction of "correct" development, it is logical,but in the life "attitude" how to "set"? But what is more complex, more likely,it is not so simple, or just take a single options can finish. Because of"life", the life span 70 to estimate assume a paragraph, such as 10 years beforeand after 10 years of life needs and ideological attitude is not the same growthto 20 years old, he again into 30 acceptable and the environment is not thesame, and so on, has grown to 70 years old, affirmation is living in another world, so that each to a stage, it must be different degree of growth, and learnthe different environment, needs and responsibility or said. Also means different stages, will have different life "attitude", will make the necessaryadjustments "attitude", to face your own health life.以态度为题的英语演讲稿5Being positiveWhatever we have undergone in our life, we shouldn't complain about it. Wemay get a lot or lose so much in our life journey, but keeping a positive attitude should always be together with us. Nothing can defeat us if we areconfident and diligent. Just as saying goes, God is equal to everyone. As hecloses the door, he will also open a window for us.Being enthusiasticEven though we're poor in knowledge, our thinking is infinite. Maybe we willmake some great achievements because of our enthusiasm. Whether we're experienced or not, it doesn't matter. Enthusiasm will take us further anddeeper.Please remember, everyone is so talented, and no one is born stupid. Sincethere's an old saying, “Through a sand, we can see a world. In a flower, we canfind a heaven."以态度为题的英语演讲稿【推荐三：《低碳环保的英语演讲稿》】低碳环保的英语演讲稿1“low-carbon” is one of the most popular buzz-words in this year.Not onlyChina but all countries focus on the topic of “low-carbon”.If I have a belongs to my own hut, I'll change all power for energy-efficientand form the habit of conveniently switch off the power supply, I'll go shoppingwhen the poster to bring home, spread them in my wardrobe below; During the hotsummer months, I'll prepare a water bed, when the water can no longer cold outlaundry,and In cold winter, I can use a pouchof hot water to keep them warm,next morning i can use no longer tepid water to wash and gargle. If I were afull-time housewife, I'll make the household life plan closely, I will bring myfamily can't wear clothes to tailor shop processing, such as cushion made cushion, I'll various life wastewater to flush the toilet. If I have a longholiday, I'll go up about friends go around the world, in each place can planttrees on land planted sapling, grass green, leaving the green belong to us。
小议雅思阅读主旨类选择题
小议雅思阅读主旨类选择题在雅思阅读考试中，有一类题型长期存在，但是出现的频率又非常低。
不管是在剑桥雅思真题集5-12中，还是在每月四场的实战考试中，主旨类选择题总是难得一见，但却也从没有彻底消失过。
它往往是孤零零地放在所有题目的结尾处，有时候甚至给人一种勉强凑数的感觉。
但是，“烤鸭”们不应该因为这种题型的小众化就忽略它。
即使它只占到一分，也不应该被轻易放弃。
接下来，我们就来看看这种题型有什么注意点和解题方法。
首先，我们来认识一下主旨类选择题。
顾名思义，这种题型就是考察主旨大意的单项选择题，通常提问该篇文章的标题(title)、副标题(subtitle)、中心思想(theme/main idea)、写作目的(writing purpose)等等。
由于文章的标题和副标题本就是对文章主要内容的总结概括，所以我们把它们统称为主旨类选择题，并且它总是以单独一题的形式出现在一篇文章所有题目的最后位置。
例如剑11-Test2-Passage3“Neuroaesthetics”第40题：40.What would be the most appropriate subtle for the article?A.Some scientific insights into how the brain responds to abstract artB.Recent studies focusing on the neural activity of abstract artistsC.A comparison of the neurological bases of abstract and representational artD.How brain research has altered public opinion about abstract art那么这种题目该怎么去处理呢？第一，从答题顺序上看，这种题目应该放在最后来完成。
厌氧消化原理
有机物种类 CH4 糖类 脂类 蛋白质 CO2 CH4 沼气
C6H12O6
→
3CH4 + 3CO2
产气量（m3/kg）
27 48 27
73 52 73
0.375 1.04 0.49
0.75 1.44 0.98
Copyright Wuhan University 2015
COD转化为沼气的理论计算方法
厌氧消化技术特点
1.
可以将潜在于废弃有机物中的低品 位生物能转化为可以直接利用的高 品位沼气； 与好氧处理相比，厌氧消化不需要 通风动力，设施简单，运行成本低， 属于节能型处理方法；
适于处理高浓度有机废水和废物； 经厌氧消化后的废物基本得到稳定， 可以用作农肥、饲料或堆肥化原料；
2.
3. 4.
5.
有机物厌氧发酵过程的化学反应通式（8-8）可表达为：
C n H aO b N d
a b 3d n H 2O 4 2 4
n n a b 3d a b 3d 2 8 4 8 CH 4 dNH 3 2 8 4 8 CO 2＋能量
d总投资为175万元年产沼气10万立方米固体有机肥540吨codbod去除率分别7075以上全国畜禽粪便资源总量干物质约18亿吨实际可利用量约4000万吨可产沼气近100亿立方米按热值相当于800万tce用于发电可装机500万kw年发电量150亿kwh工业有机废水沼气工程利用工业有机废水废渣生产沼气包括酒精酿酒制糖食品制药造纸屠宰等其中适合厌氧消化的高浓度有机废水排放量年252亿立方米以上年废渣7400万m3可转化为沼气108亿m3热值相当于800万tcetonofstandardcoalequivalent可装机50万kw年发电150亿kwh
英语表达人与自然关系的句子
英语表达人与自然关系的句子1. 人与自然的关系英语作文We often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes from nature.Therefore,I think our society is a part of nature. People should live harmoniously with nature.All the materials we need to live with come from nature, but we should also repay the nature, rather than blindly solicit.For example, we should plant more trees and take actions to protect the environment.In addition, we have to control population.Due to excessive population growth, human beings require much more natural resources than before, which lead to excessive pressure on nature.In order to long-term development, the population growth must be controlled.We all come from nature which is our homeland, so we must try best to protect it.我们常常说地球是我们的家园，人类社会也是从自然界分解出来的.因此，我认为我们的社会是自然界的一部分，人们应该与自然和谐共处.我们所需的所有生活材料都来自于自然，但是我们也要回馈自然，而不是一味地索取.例如，我们应该多种树，要采取有效措施保护好环境.此外，人口数量也应得到控制.由于人口过多，人类需要的生存材料也大大增加，导致了自然界所承受的压力过大.为了更长远地发展，人口的增长速度必须要得到控制.我们都来自自然，把自然界也称为我们的家园，所以我们必须要尽最大的努力去保护它.2. 英语口语关于人与自然的there have a platform to teaching english ,and improving your oral ability in a short time . lucky international english center you can choice , there have the face course and the web course ,if you sign up now , there even have so many free training , you can have a try !。
以自然为题的英语演讲稿
以自然为题的英语演讲稿以自然为题的英语演讲稿演讲稿的格式由称谓、开场白、主干、结尾等几部分组成。
在社会发展不断提速的今天，接触并使用演讲稿的人越来越多，那么问题来了，到底应如何写一份恰当的演讲稿呢？下面是小编整理的以自然为题的英语演讲稿，欢迎大家分享。
以自然为题的英语演讲稿1Nature, the environment which human beings live by, is magnificent and unique. There si only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. We should have cherished nature and preserved it. Conversely, however, we have been continually spoiling it, even to a shocking degree. Now let's see what we have dong.Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, which has caused soil erosion. Hundreds of thousands of tons of CFCS have been left in the higher sky in the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the South Pole that covers an area of that of the United States. Million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year, which has eventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world.Similarly, ecology has been affected as well. And considerable number of species have been extinct as the years go by many creatures which were common in the past are becoming less and less, even rare. The Tibet antelope, for instance, is a good example. Since the antelopes of Tibet have a part of fur on their body which can be made into a precious cape, driven by some lawless dealers many villagers killed antelopes excessively and shocking for the large suns of fortune. Because of this, the number of the antelopes of Tibet has sharply fallenfrom over one million to less than one hundred thousand. And what's more, the number has now decreased by 20 thousand per year. Qing Zang Platean, which was their homeland, is their tombs now.This is how nature has suffered what we have done to it. However, nature and suffer any more. She lost her temper and could no longer possibly put up with humans. She gave humans harsh punishment, which she thought they deserved. The acid rain has caused the less of more than 100 billion dollars throughout the world per year. And because of desertisation, soil is becoming more and more barren. The soil of many planes is now until for growing plants. The air is less fresh, and a lot of people even get many stranger diseases. Those are all the punishment of nature to human's pollution. On the other hand, human being suffer a lot as well.So it leads to a serious of questions--Why can't we live harmoniously with nature?Why can't we set a balance between human and nature?Why can't we pay more attention to nature and try to reserve it?Therefore, before we take immediate measures to do something, we should be aware of the fact that "Conquering the nature" will never be our goal, instead, we should take the nature as our intimate friend. Preserving nature is not only preserving our home, but the civilization of human community as well.以自然为题的'英语演讲稿2We often say that the earth is our homeland and human society comes from nature. Therefore, I think our society is a part of nature. People should live harmoniously with nature. All the materials we need to live with come from nature, but we shouldalso repay the nature, rather than blindly solicit. For example, we should plant more trees and take actions to protect the environment. In addition, we have to control population. Due to excessive population growth, human beings require much more natural resources than before, which lead to excessive pressure on nature. In order to long-term development, the population growth must be controlled. We all come from nature which is our homeland, so we must try best to protect it.以自然为题的英语演讲稿3What is nature It's everything that exists in the world independently of people, such as pants and animals, earth and rocks, and the weather.Now more and more people are focusing on the nature. It is no doubt that the nature is important to every human being. No nature, no life. Because of the supplies of the nature, we have lived happily for a long time. And we started to gain every thing available from the nature. And this lasted so long a time. Today, people have discovered that the nature around is getting worse and worse.What is threatening the natureAir and water pollution, overharvesting of plant and animal species, overpopulation and so on. Overpopulation is the biggest source of pollution. Let's take overpopulation as an example.What does overpopulation feel likeWhen we move slowly through the city in a tazi. When we enter a crowded slum district. When the temperature is high and when the air is thick with dust and smoke. The streets are crowded with people. The streets seem alive with people. People eating. People washing. People talking. People sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People relieving themselves. People pushing theirhands through the taxi windows, begging. People leading animals. People, people, people, people. As we drive slowly through the crowd, sounding the taxi's horn, the dust, heat, noise and cooking fires made it like a scene from hell! I admit, frightening.To the nature, overpopulation is a big problem. More people, more pollution. And the big population is threatening the nature every second.The rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries. The whole world faces the problem that raw materials are being used up at an increasing rate and food production can not keep up with the population increase. People in rich countries make the heaviest demands on the world's resources, its food, fuel andland, and cause the most pollution. A baby born in the United States will use in his lifetime 30 times more of the world's resources than a baby born in India. Unless all the countries of the world take united action to deal with the population explosion there will be more and more people fighting for a share of less and less land, food and fuel, and the future will bring poverty, misery and war to us all.For most of the developing countries, it is a good idea to control the population growth. For example, China has carried out birth control for years. And this plan has a great effect on the world population.If the population continues to increase, if the air and water continue to be polluted, if we don't do something to protect wild-plant and wildlife species will be declining. Species and biological communities have difficulty adapting to change. Economic opportunities and the quality of life of future generations are also put at risk. By protecting nature, we protect ourselves.Let's unite together, hand in hand we stand all across the land.We can make this world in which to live. Hand in hand. Control the population growth. Take good care of our nature.以自然为题的英语演讲稿4Living in the concrete jungle, we have to admit that our busy. extravagant lives are corroding our souls little by little. Only by being close to nature can we recover our vitality and go back our true selves. Breathing in fresh air, smelling the fragrance of flowers and listening to the sounds of birds and streams, we can release our tensions and listening to the sounds of birds and streams, we can our tensions and cleanse our minds of the tiresome things around us. Form the journey of water, we can understand the circle of life. Also, we can learn to be kind people from the peace of mountains. We can learn a lot as we enjoy the cozy atmosphere of nature. We may consider nature as a great book, and noting in the can delight us as much as it!以自然为题的英语演讲稿5Suddenly, is unpredictable. Natural disasters is usually fierce, with great destructive power. The duration of a long short. Disaster, including a lot of factors that would cause injuries and deaths, huge property losses and a considerable degree of confusion. A disaster and the longer the duration of the incident, the victims are the greater the threat, the greater the impact of the incident. Another impact of the disaster extent of the main features is that people are getting the adequate warning.。
人教版高中人与自然和谐相处英语写作范文
人教版高中人与自然和谐相处英语写作范文nature, the environment which human beings live by, is magnificent and unique. there si only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. we should have cherished nature and preserved it. conversely, however, we have been continually spoiling it, even to a shocking degree. now let's see what we have dong. thousands of trees have been cut down per year, which has caused soil erosion. hundreds of thousands of tons of cfcs have been left in the higher sky in the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the south pole that covers an area of that of the united states. million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year, which has eventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world.similarly, ecology has been affected as well. and considerable number of species have been extinct as the years go by many creatures which were common in the past are becoming less and less, even rare. the tibet antelope, for instance, is a good example. since the antelopes of tibet have a part of fur on their body which can be made into a precious cape, driven by some lawless dealers many villagers killed antelopes excessively and shocking for the large suns of fortune. because of this, the number of the antelopes of tibet has sharply fallen from over one million to less than one hundred thousand. and what's more, the number has now decreased by 20 thousand per year.qing zang platean, which was their homeland, is their tombs now. thisis how nature has suffered what we have done to it. however, nature and suffer any more. she lost her temper and could no longer possibly put up with humans. she gave humans harsh punishment, which she thought they。
染整专业英语课堂练习
1 What is fibreFibres are the foundation of textile industry. All textiles are made of fibres. All of the production flows and formulae in textiles wet proceccing stages including pre-treatment, dyeing, printing and final finishing are designed and conducted on the basis of the properties of the fibres from which the textiles are made. So it is necessary for us to review the fibre’s definition and properties before we discuss the wet treatment of textiles.What is a fibre? Fibre is the smallest visible unit of matter that has a high length to diameter ratio, fineness and flexibility.The above definition for textile fibres is very broad. So many things are demanded of fibres in many different uses. However, some characteristics can be identified which all textile fibres must have if they are to be commercially successful: a high length to diameter ratio, strength, extensibility and elasticity, resistance to chemicals, heat and sunlight, and ability to take colour.Fibers are usually grouped in order to research or discuss or apply them conventiently. Most of fibres are polymer. Besed on their chemical composition, fibres can be classified into many groups such as cellulosic fibre, protein fibre, viscose fibre, polyamide fibre, polyester fibre and polycrylic fibre, etc.. But the most convenient grouping divides them into two basic groups accouding to their origins: i.e. natural and man-made fibres. Natural fibres refer to all fibers that occur in fibre form in nature, including cotton ,linen, wool, silk, and so on, which have been known and used for thousands of years. As natural fibres cannot meet the requirement ofpeople, many polymers that do not naturally exist in the form of fibre have been processed into the fibre form, usually by forcing the viscous polymers through a spinneret that consists of a series of tiny holes arranged in a circle, and used as fibres. These products are known as man-made fibres.The two basic groups can then be further subdivided. The natural fibres can be subdivided into the three types of cellulosic, protein and mineral fibres according to their origins. Man-made fibres are usually subdivided into four groups: regenerated, modified, synthetic and mineral fibres, according to their polymer origins.2 Natural fibresFiber is the basic unit of fabric .The textile fibers many be divided into two major groups, namely,(a)natural fibers and(b) man-made fibers.The chief natural fibers now in use are cotton, linen, wool and silk. They vary considerably as regards their properties and their production.CottonCotton is the most important and widely used vegetable fiber. It is obtained from the cotton plant which grows in warm moist climates and in most parts of the world. In 1980 the leading producing countries are America, Russia ,China, India and Pakistan. Cotton fibers are composed largely of cellulose. Besides cellulose , raw cotton contains a number of other substances, notably waxes, pectic products and mineral substances. These are quite small in amount, say, not more than 4 percent together. They are referred to as impurities by the manufacturer of cotton goods. Generally these are objectionable effects and would make it difficult to colour and finish cotton fabrics satisfactorily, so it is always a first step in the art of dyeing and finishing to purify the cotton as completely as possible.It is used for apparel fabrics, for household or domestic goods, and for industrial applications. Its ability to accept color and finishes, combined with its comfort, make it a pleasant choice for the fashion-minded consumer. Cotton is also extensively used in blends with man-made fibers to achieve new combinations of properties that are not available in the fibers separately.Cotton has some disadvantages, too. It creases and wrinkles easily. It may beweakened by mildew and mold unless treated to resist them. It is readily attacked by acid reagents and substances, and it is slowly affected by sunlight ,causing yellowing and fiber degradation.LinenAll vegetable fibers other than cotton---the only unicellular vegetable fiber---are multicellular. The best known and most abundantly used multicellular fiber is linen. There are several others such as jute, ramieLinen fibers resemble cotton in so far as they consist of cellulose but have a lower cellulose content. On an average the linen fibers contain only about 75 percent of pure cellulose, the remaining matter being a gummy pectic substance. The surface of each fiber is smooth and this helps to give linen materials their characteristic high luster. In many of its chemical properties linen closely resembles cotton. Thus, it is resistant to alkalies and is easily deteriorated by acids. Linen is mainly used in the manufacture of sail cloth, tent fabric, sewing threads, fishing lines, table-cloth and sheets.Lesson 3 Wool and silkWool is the animal fiber of outstanding importance. It is obtained by shearing the fibrous covering of sheep and is produced in almost all parts of the world. When wool is shorn from a living sheep it is called fleece or clip wool.Chemically wool consists of a complex protein , a substance which is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. It differs from cellulose in containing nitrogen and sulphur, and it is the presence of these two additional elements in the wool molecule which gives wool fibers properties profoundly different from those of the vegetable fibers. Wool fiber has a density of 1.32, which makes it slightly lighter than cotton. Wool and other hair fibers have an elastic recovery of 99% from 2% and 60% from 35% extension, respectively. This makes the wool fibers highly resilient. In other words, wool fibers have a tendency to return completely to their original shape after small deformations, which is a great importance.Wool has several disadvantages: it is very sensitive to alkaline substances; it is readily attacked by moths unless treated to resist them; it is difficult to bleach; and it felts easily.SilkSilk is the material extruded from glands in the body of the silkworm in spinning its cocoon or web. It is the only natural fiber that occurs in the form of a line continuous filament.Silk is warm and pleasant to the touch and is generally considered comfortable towear. It is readily dyeable with a variety of dyes and has an affinity for metallic salts.Silk is essentially used in luxury goods. It has been able to withstand competition from synthetic fibers in many high-quality textile applications because of its excellent dyeing characteristics, high moisture and light absorbency, and heat-preserving properly.Lesson four Man-Made FibersNatural fibers are already in fiber form as harvested and are ready for the start of yarn spinning operations. However, man-made fibers start out as plastic that first be converted into fiber form. Most man-made fibers are formed by forcing a viscous chemical substance through a spinneret which consists of a series of tiny holes arranged in a circle. The streams emerging from the holes are then hardened or solidified to form filaments. The process of extrusion and hardening is called spinning, not to be confused with the yarn forming operation of the same name.The man-made fibers are divided into two broad categories:(a)regenerated fibers and (b)synthetic fibers. The regenerated fibers are those in which the fiber-forming material is of natural origin; In second class of fibers is made by the chemical synthesis of simple polymer-forming materials.Regenerated FibersThe regenerated cellulosic fibers include viscose, cuprammonium,and acetate rayons. These three forms of rayon together constitute the bulk of world production having a natural polymer(cellulose)base as raw material. Of these, viscose rayon is comparatively easier to produce and considered as the chief rayon of the group Viscose Rayon Viscose rayon has many properties in common with cotton. But it is necessary to point out at least two important differences which are important from the viewpoint of textile finishing. Viscose rayon fibers consist of cellulose somewhat looser or more opened-up than that of cotton. Viscose rayon absorbs water more freely and is more receptive towards dyes. In bleaching and other treatmentswhere overtreatment can result in fiber damage, viscose rayon becomes degraded more rapidly than does cotton. The second difference between viscose rayon and cotton fibers is that the viscose rayon fibers are so much smoother. This not only contributes to their luster but it reduces the adhesion which is desired in yarns and fabrics to give stability of shape and size.Synthetic fibersThe first synthetic fibre is nylon(one of polyamide fibres) that was commercially produced in United State in 1939. The main kinds of the synthetic fibres include: polyamide, polyester and polycrylic fibres,which are used in textile industry widely.1 polyamide fibresNylon filaments are smooth and shiny. When viewed in cross-section, nylon is usually perfectly round. It is highly resistant to alkalis and relatively less resistant to acid. Nylon is very strong, quite-drying fibre with high wet strength and has excellent elasticity. Nylon has a lower specific gravity than other fibres. These properties make them very suitable for stockings, parachute fabrics, shirts, underwear, carpet and reinforcement of rubber in tyres and belts.Nylon blends well with other fibres and adds strength to such blends. Nylon has low absorbency, which makes it quick drying. In recent years many modified nylon fibres have been developed and produced to meet some particular requirements.Lesson 5 Pre-treatment Processes of TextilesBefore the pretreatment of fabric with chemical solutions, it is necessary to prepare the fabric. The preparation processes of fabric for the wet treatment include examining of gray goods, cloth turning(in batches, in boxes),stamping or marking, sewing , singeing, etc. These preparation processes are respectively described as follows.1.Examining for gray goodsEach piece of gray goods on entering the finishing works is examined in the gray room for fault weaving, dirt, damages and other defects.2.Cloth turningThe trait of production of dyeing and finishing plant is of large batch and multi-items of products processing. To manage conveniently and avoid confusion, the same specification’s gray goods that is often processed in the same techniques is classified as one kind ,and in batches and in boxes.3.Marking /stampingAfter examining being passing, two ends of each box of gray goods must be stamped or marked with distinctive letter and number so that one can distinguish and manage them and not confuse the technique with different kinds of gray goods.4.SewingMost of processing in dyeing and finishing plant is continuous. The length of the gray cloth from the loom is commonly 30-120m or so, therefore is suitablenumber of pieces are then sewn end to end so as to make a continuous length.5.SingeingBefore a cloth can either dyed, printed, or conditioned with special finished, it must go through a series of preliminary treatments. Singeing is the operation of preparations before wet chemical processes, or the first one of the preparatory processes necessary for dyeing or printing.DesizingMost textile materials and fabrics require pretreatments before they can be dyed and finished. The preparatory treatments depend on the type of fibre in the material and particular dyeing and finishing treatments that are to be done. Preparatory treatments can be done on material from fibre to yarn, fabric, or garments. Most often the preparatory treatment are done on the material in fabric form. Fabric which have been prepared for dying and finishing must have sufficient absorbency and whiteness.If singeing can be considered as the last operation of preparations before chemical processes, desizing is the first one of preparatory processes necessary for dyeing and printing. Sizing materials are applied to yarns, particularly warp yarn, before they are woven into cloth. These form a protective coating over the yarns and keep them from chafing or breaking during weaving. It is usually not necessary to apply sizing for yarns that used in knitting.Lesson 6 ScouringAll gray goods must be cleaned and made ready the acceptance of the finish. Gray goods contains a warp sizing, which makes the fabric stiff can interferes with the absorption of liquids. The fabric must be desized before further finishing can be done. Also, fabrics are often soiled during weaving and must be cleaned for that reason. Warp sizing, dirt, oil spots and natural impurities have always been removed by a washing process---degumming of silk, kier boiling of cotton, and scouring of wool.Scouring is a cleaning process used to remove impurities on fibres, yarns and cloth. It is the easiest to perform at the cloth stage. Concretely, souring is an operation in which the quantity of protein, pectin, ash, and wax in the fibre in the fibre is reduced to an amount which will not seriously interfere with subsequent dyeing; it is necessary step before bleaching and of itself renders the fabric considerably whiter. The specific scouring procedures, chemicals, temperature and time vary with the type of fibre, yarn and cloth construction. Impurities such as lubricants, dirt and other natural materials ,water-soluble sizes, antistatic agents are removed in scouring.Scouring is accomplished primarily by means of hot alkaline solutions. The severity of the treatment depends upon the quality of fabric being processed, the processing equipment, and the nature of the end product. In the scouring process the natural impurities are either soluble in the hot alkali or rendered removable by decomposition saponification or emulsification.There are two types of scouring: kiering and continuous steaming. The latter is atpresent used more extensively.Kiering is carried out by means of a kier. The kier is a steel or iron boiler capable of holding 3-5 ton of cloth. The goods are run into the kier in a moist condition ane evenly packed. When kier is filled , the lid is then closed down ,the prepared scouring liquor run in and the heating started.Steaming is a key technique constituting an important part of a continuous system of scouring and bleaching. It consists mainly of three processes: steeping and pressing of the caustic soda solution , steaming ,washing .The effectiveness of the scour may be assessed by determination of residual wax content , absorbency and weight loss.Cotton contains natural impurities which must be removed in scouring and bleaching.A special scouring process used to the natural gum, sericin, from silk, is called degumming. The silk is washed in hot soapy water, usually under alkaline conditions.After being scoured, the fabric is ready for next operation –bleaching.Lesson 7 BleachingCellulose and most other fibre-forming polymers are white in their natural state, However, impurities in fibres may absorb light causing the fibres to have a creamy, yellowish, or dull appearance. Cotton fibres usually require bleaching unless the material will be dyed very dark or dull shades. Synthetic fibres are often very white as supplied by the fibre producer but may require bleaching in some case. The goal of bleaching in the manufacturing process is to decolorize the impurities which mask the natural whiteness of fibres so as to obtain white cloth or to prepare the cloth for further finishing processes such as dyeing or printing and increase the ability of thefabric to absorb dyestuffs uniformly.Bleaching follows scouring in the continuous scouring and bleaching system. The essential feature of the scouring is that it has removed most of the impurities, and those that are left, including the natural coloring matters, can only be destroyed by a bleaching treatment which follows. Bleaching is therefore a final treatment to complete the purification, which at the same time ensure the production of a good white color. Bleaching is a chemical processes used to eliminate unwanted coloring matter from fibres, yarn or cloth. Bleaching is carried out in the yarn as well as cloth stage of manufacturing. Finished products are bleached by the consumer to maintain the whiteness or brightness of items during use and care.Several different kinds of chemicals are used in bleaching agents, the particular one selected depends on the type of fibre present in the yarn, cloth or finished product. Common bleaching agents are dydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodiumchlorite and sodium perborate. In manufacturing processes, bleaching may be carried out in a continuous or batch process. The choice of the particular process used is generally based on cost consideration. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used commercial bleaching agent.Fabrics may be bleached in rope or open-width form. In rope bleaching the fabric is pulled together to form somewhat circular mass, which is loose enough for penetration and resembles a large rope; in open-width form the fabric is flat and smooth under tension.Generally , several steps are involved in the bleaching process:(1)the cloth is saturated with the bleaching agent;(2)the temperature is raised to that recommended for the particular fibre orblend and held for the time needed to complete the bleaching action.(3)the cloth is thoroughly washed and dried. The bleaching agent ,temperatureand time must be carefully controlled to avoid damage to the fibre ,or severelosses in strength may occur.The bleached cloth is also called as semi-finished goods and ready for dyeding and printing.Lesson 8 MercerizingThe process of treating cotton with a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide is called mercerization. Mercerizing is a chemical finish applied to cellulosic fibre, especially cotton.Treatment of cotton with alkali has many beneficial effects including: added luster to fabrics (if done under tension) and softness, increased strength, improved affinity for dyes and dyeability of immature fibres and got high water sorption.The mercerization process causes the cotton fibres to swell laterally and shrink longitudinally. And the natural twist of cotton fibre is largely removed. This produces a round cross section which reflects light to give the improvement in luster .Increased strength is an important value from mercerization.Mercerization may be done either before or after the fabric is scoured and bleached. If done on greige goods, the concentration of the caustic soda formation is relatively easy to control. When mercerization is done on wet fabric ,dilution of the caustic soda formulation by water in the entering fabric can make control of concentration difficult. The water content of wet fabric entering the mercerization process must be uniform to prevent nonuniform pickup of the caustic soda solution by the fabric.Mercerization of fabric is usually done in a continuous process. Fabric mercerization is done on a frame that contains mangles for saturating the cloth, a tenter frame for tensioning the fabric both crosswise and lengthwise while wet, and boxes for washing, neutralizing with dilute sulfuric acid, scouring and rinsing.The changes that occur in cotton upon mercerization depend on the concentration of caustic soda used, temperature of treatment , and whether or not the material is under tension during treatment. In the mercerizing process, yarn or cloth is treated under tension at room temperature with a sodium hydroxide solution that may vary in strength from 15 to 30 percent. The concentration of sodium hydroxide and the length of treatment vary depending on the particular properties to be achieved and whether it is yarn or cloth that is being processed. All properties are not improved equally at one level of caustic treatment .Full mercerization of cotton is usually done with 20%-25% caustic soda solution. If improved luster is the goal, the sodium hydroxide concentration is kept at a high level. If improved luster is the goal, the sodium hydroxide concentration is kept at a high level. Some of the benefits of mercerization, for example, improvement of moisture adsorption, especially improvement in dyeability of immature fibre, are obtained with lower concentration of caustic soda.“Mercerized cotton”on a label is associated with luster. Cotton is mercerized for luster in both yarn and fabric forms. Yarn mercerization is also a continuous process in which the yarn under tension passes from a yarn beam through a series of boxes with guide rolls and squeeze rolls, through a boil –out wash, and a final wash.Lesson 9 Dyeing of textilesColour can pleasure us . The pleasure derived from imparting colour to clothing has existed since the time the earliest civilization. A world of fashion without colour is impossible to imagine. Textiles are coloured also for functional reasons, such as military camouflage and fluorescent jackets for road repair workers. Life would be more hazardous and certainly dull if textiles were only used in their natural colors.Textile’s colour is normolly obtained by applying a colorant to the textile substrate. There are two ways of adding colour to a textile substrate: i.e. dyeing and printing. Printing adds colour to the substrate locally; whereas dyeing completely covers the substrate with colour ,and usually with the intension of obtaining an even colour distribution throughout the substrate. Colorants used for dyeing can be classified as dyes or pigments. Dyes are water soluble and have substantivity(affinity)for fibres and can be absorbed into the fibres. Pigments are not water soluble and posses no specific attraction for any particular fibre type. Pigments usually adhere to the surface of the fibre. Dyes are used far more widely and frequently than pigments in the textile dyeing process.In order to meet the aesthetic and application requirements of consumers, the quality of dyed textiles must be considered. This quality is usually assessed through the measurement of the colour’s hue, depth, brightness, uniformity, fastness, and other quality properties. Colour fastness is defined as the ability of the shade to withstand external agencies without loss or change in colour. Such external agencies would include washing, drying cleaning, rubbing, perspiration, heat and light. Color fastnessis influenced by the factors including dye, fibre, dyeing process and dyeing depth. The tests for colour measurement are proposed and standardized by national or international organizations.Dyeing of textile is achieved by transferring bye molecules from a medium(usually water) in which the dye is dissolved or dispersed onto the textile fibres. The dyeing can be undertaken either as a batch (or exhaustion) process or a continuous technique.Dyeing can be carried out on the textile when it is in a number of different physical form, including loose stock, tow, tops, yarn, piece and garment. These textiles are dyed using the batch or continuous dyeing method, or by the use of a combination of themDyes are also grouped by their application method. Based their application methods, dyes are essentially divided into twelve types, which are acid ,azoic, basic, direct, disperse, mordant, natural, pigment ,reactive, solvent, sulphur and vat dyes.Lesson 10 Introduction to printingThe objective of printing is to produce coloured designs on textile. These designs are of well defined boundaries made by the artistic arrangement of motif or motifs in one or more colors. In other words, dyes or pigments must be applied in predetermined pattern to the textile substrate. So printing can define as the laocalized application of dye or pigment to a textile substrate to generate a design. The application of a design to fabric by the use of dyes, or pigments may be effected by many methods; but printing is the most convenient, Frer-hand painting of designs on fabrics is the oldest technique for applying ornament, but hand painting is a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, it does not always result in a uniform repeat of a motif that is used more than once. However, in printing it is easy to repeat the design and the fabric with the design can be produced in a large amount .For example, if we use block-printing technique to apply a design on a fabric, we only need to transfer the design to a wood or metal flat surface that can be coated with a dye or pigment and then stamped onto the fabric. The same design can be repeated many times simply by pressing the decorated surface against the fabric.The dyes used in printing are the same as that in dyeing, such as reactive and insoluble azoic dyes for cellulosic fibre and disperse dyes for polyester, and the forces by which the dyes are linked with the fibre are the same in dyeing and printing. But between dyeing and printing there are still some differences. The basic operations of printing include: dye is firstly dissolved and pasted with a small quantity of water and a suitable thickening agent; then applied to fabric and dried immediately; and thenfixed on the fabric by steaming or heating, finally soaped and washed with water.Over many centuries, a variety of techniques for printing designs have evolved, such as block printing, mordant printing, resist printing, screen printing, roller printing, transfer printing, photographic printing, etc. Printing can be applied to warp yarns, fabrics, or apparel pieces. Most textiles are printed in the fabric form. Printed patterns may vary from simple geometric designs in a single colour to very complex designs in up to 20 or more colours. These printing techniques can be briefly reviewed from two aspects: printing mothed and printing style/The printing methods used most frequently by today’s printers are engraved roller printing, screen printing and transfer printing, which are classified on the basis of the types of printing machines.Lesson 11 Introduction to finishing Textile finishing, which is also called final finishing, covers an extremely wide range of activities which are performed on the bleached, dyed and printed textiles before they are put on the market. The general aim of the textile finishing is to perfect the textile goods and render them fit for their end uses. Textile finishing gives many advantages to textiles that are intended to accomplish different purpose. For example, a fabric may be bleached to enhance whiteness and then given a durable press finish to make it resist wrinkling. Few fabrics are manufactured that do not undergo some type of finish. The function of the textile finishing may be divided into the following types.To standardize textile goods. Textiles such as fabrics sold on market should have standard width ,standard shrinkage, etc. to fit for their end uses. These standard properties are achieved by stentering, stentering of weft, sanforizing and other finishing processes.To improve the handle and appearance of the fabrics, which are achieved by stiffening , softening, calendaring, or raising, etc.To impart new functional properties to the fabric ,such as durable press finish, fire retardant finish, soil release finish, etc.Hence, finishing is essential for a textile good before it is put on the market.According to the degree of the finishing effects in fabric remaining during subsequent washing and usage the finishing techniques may fall into three types: Temporary finish. The finishing effects are not stable and disappear duringsubsequent washing and usagePermanent finish. If the finishing effects on the fabric do not disappear and remain unaffected through all the condition of wear and washing treatment, then the finish is said to be a permanent finish.Semi-permanent finish. The durability of the finishing effects produced by the semi-permanent finish is intermediate between the permanent and the temporary finish.On the basis of their technical features the finishing processes can be divided into two main groups: i.e. mechanical and chemical finishes. Mechanical processes involve the passage of the textile material through machines whose mechanical action achieves the desired effects. Chemical processes may be described as those processes which involve the application of chemicals to the fabric.。
人教版高中人与自然和谐相处英语写作范文
人教版高中人与自然和谐相处英语写作范文nature, the environment which human beings live by, is magnificent and unique. there si only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. we should have cherished nature and preserved it. conversely, however, we have been continually spoiling it, even to a shocking degree. nowlet's see what we have dong. thousands of trees have been cut down per year, which has caused soil erosion. hundreds of thousands of tons of cfcs have been left in the higher sky in the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the south pole that covers an area of that of the united states. million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year, which has eventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world.similarly, ecology has been affected as well. and considerable number of species have been extinct as the years go by many creatures which were mon in the past are being less and less, even rare. the tibet antelope, for instance, is a good example. since the antelopes of tibet have a part of fur on their body which can be made into a precious cape, driven by some lawless dealers manyvillagers killed antelopes excessively and shocking for the large suns of fortune. because of this, the number of the antelopes of tibet has sharply fallen from over one millionto less than one hundred thousand. and what's more, the number has now decreased by 20 thousand per year.qing zang platean, which was their homeland, is their tombs now. this is how nature has suffered what we have done to it. however, nature and suffer any more. she lost her temper and could no longer possibly put up with humans. she gave humans harsh punishment, which she thought they deserved. the acid rain has caused the less of more than 100 billion dollars throughout the world per year. and because of desertisation, soil is being more and more barren. the soil of many planes is now until for growing plants. the air is less fresh, and a lot of people even get many stranger diseases.those are all the punishment of nature to human's pollution. on the other hand, human being suffer a lot as well. so it leads to a serious of questions-- why can't we live harmoniously with nature? why can't we set a balance between human and nature? why can't we pay more attention to nature and try to reserve it? therefore, before we take immediate measures to do something, we should be aware of the fact that "conquering the nature" will never be our goal, instead, we should take the nature as our intimate friend. preserving nature is not only preserving our home, but the civilization of human munity as well.。
雅思测试题
SECTION 1Questio ns 1-6Complete the no tes belowQuesti ons 5and6Choose Two letters A-EWhich Two thi ngs are in cluded in the price of the tour?A fish ing tripB guided bushwalkC reptile park en tryD table tennisE tennisQuestio ns 7-10Complete the senten ces belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer7 The tour costs $ .........................8 Book ings must be made no later than ...................... days in adva nee.9 A......................... deposit is required..10 The customer 'refere nee nu mber is ..........................SECTION 2 Questio ns Liste ning Questi ons 1-1011-20Questio ns 11-15Complete the table belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each an swerQuestio ns 16-20Complete the no tes belowSECTION 3Questio ns 21-30 Questio ns 21-24Complete the no tes belowWrite NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.DETAILS OF ASSIGNMENTPart 1 EssayTitle: Assess the two main methods of 21 .............................In social scie nee researchPart 2 Small-scale studyChoose one method.Gather data from at least 23 ......................... s ubjects.Part3 Report on studyNumber of words:24 ........................Questio ns 25 and 26Choose TWO letters A-EWhat TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the stude nts discuss?A The data is sometimes in validB Too few people may resp ondC It is less likely to reveal the un expectedD It can only be used with literate populati onsE There is a delay betwee n the distributi on and retur n of questio nn aires Questio ns 27-30Complete the table belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each an swer.ReadingYou Should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40. Which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowThe topics discussedincluded the co-ordinated study of the destruction of forests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem. The preparatory work for the conference had been undertaken at two meetings of experts. Their initial task was to decide which of the many forest problems of concern to Europe involved the largest number of countries and might be the subject of joint action. Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded. However, this does not mean that in future they will be ignored.As a whole, European countries see forests as performing a triple function: biological, economic and recreational. The first is to act as a 'green lung' for our planet; by means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy, thus fulfilling what for humans is the essential role of an immense, non-polluting power plant. At the same time, forests provide raw materials for human activities through their constantly renewed production of wood. Finally, they offer those condemned to spend five days a week in an urban environment an unrivalled area of freedom to unwind and take part in a range of leisure activities, such as hunting, riding and hiking. The economic importance of forests has been understood since the dawn of man - wood was the first fuel. The other aspects have been recognised only for a few centuries but they are becoming more and more important. Hence, there is a real concern throughout Europe about the damage to the forest environment which threatens these three basic roles.The myth of the 'natural' forest has survived, yet there are effectively no remaining 'primary' forests in Europe. All European forests are artificial, having been adapted and exploited by man for thousands of years. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy. The Strasbourg conference was one of the first events on such a scale to reach this conclusion. A general declaration was made that 'a central place in any ecologically coherent forest policy must be given to continuity over time and to the possible effects of unforeseen events, to ensure that the full potential of these forests is maintained'.That general declaration was accompanied by six detailed resolutions to assist national policy-making. The first proposes the extension and systematisation of surveillance sites to monitor forest decline. Forest decline isstill poorly understood but leads to the loss of a high proportion of a tree's needles or leaves. The entire continent and the majority of species are now affected: between 30%and 50% of the tree population. The condition appears to result from the cumulative effect of a number of factors, with atmospheric pollutants the principal culprits. Compounds of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide should be particularly closely watched. However, their effects are probably accentuated by climatic factors, such as drought and hard winters, or soil imbalances such as soil acidification, which damages the roots. The second resolution concentrateson the need to preserve the genetic diversity of European forests. The aim is to reverse the decline in the number of tree species or at least to preserve the 'genetic material' of all of them. Although forest fires do not affect all of Europe to the same extent, the amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the Strasbourg conference consider the establishment of a European databank on the subject. All information used in the development of national preventative policies would become generally available. The subject of the fourth resolution discussed by the ministers was mountain forests. In Europe, it is undoubtedly the mountain ecosystem which has changed most rapidly and is most at risk. A thinly scattered permanent population and development of leisure activities, particularly skiing, have resulted in significant long-term changes to the local ecosystems. Proposed developments include a preferential research program on mountain forests. The fifth resolution relaunched the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Eurosilva. Eurosilva should support joint European research on tree diseases and their physiological and biochemical aspects. Each country concerned could increase the number of scholarships and other financial support for doctoral theses and research projects in this area. Finally, the conference established the framework for a European research network on forest ecosystems. This would also involve harmonising activities in individual countries as well as identifying a number of priority research topics relating to the protection of forests. The Strasbourg conference's main concern was to provide for the future. This was the initial motivation, one now shared by all 31 participants representing 31European countries. Their final text commits them to on-going discussion between government representatives with responsibility for forests.Do the following statementsagree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at the next meeting of experts.28 Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community.29 Forests are a renewable source of raw material.30 The biological functions of forests were recognised only in the twentieth century.31 Natural forests still exist in parts of Europe.32 Forest policy should be limited by national boundaries.33 The Strasbourg conference decided that a forest policy must allow for the possibility of change.Look at the followi ng stateme nts issued by the conferen ce.Which six of the followi ng stateme nts, A-J, refer to the resoluti ons that were issued?Match the stateme nts with the appropriate resolutio ns (Questi ons 34-39). Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 34-39 on your an swer sheet.A All kinds of species of trees should be preserved.B Fragile mountain forests should be given priority in research programs.C The surv iving n atural forests of Europe do n ot n eed priority treatme nt.D Research is to be better co-ord in ated throughout Europe.E Information on forest fires should be collected and shared.F Loss of leaves from trees should be more exte nsively and carefully monitored.G Resources should be allocated to research into tree diseases.H Skii ng should be en couraged in thinly populated areas.I Soil imbala nces such as acidificati on should be treated with compo unds ofnitrogen and sulphur.J Information is to be systematically gathered on any decline in thecon diti on of forests.34 Resolution 135 Resolution 236 Resolution 337 Resolution 438 Resolution 539 Resolution 6Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40 What is the best title for Reading Passage 3?A The biological, economic and recreational role of forestsB Plans to protect the forests of EuropeC The priority of European research into ecosystemsD Proposals for a world-wide policy on forest managementWriting Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Many people think having enough money bring happiness but others think too much money can bring problems.Do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.。
与自然英语作文
与自然英语作文关于与自然英语作文（通用17篇）在日常学习、工作抑或是生活中，大家对作文都不陌生吧，借助作文可以宣泄心中的情感，调节自己的心情。
那么一般作文是怎么写的呢？下面是店铺精心整理的与自然英语作文，欢迎阅读与收藏。
与自然英语作文篇1As we know, the nature is the most important to human. People depend on the nature to live and human need fresh air, water, vegetable, which al come form the nature. The industry need fuel, raw material, which also root form the nature. What’s more, human also belong to the nature, he is high animal existing in nature. As a consequence, if we destroy the nature, in some extent, we will diminish ourselves.However, human beings haven’t paid more attention to this argument. They upset the ecological balance and destroy the environment surrounding. For example, smoke stacker have disgorged poisonous gases into the atmosphere; factories have dumped waste into rivers and streams; forests have been felled out; citizens haven dumped rubbish everywhere; groundwater have been drawn out unrestrictedly. As the scientists predict, it become dangerous to us if we continue to do so. And in some day, human being will destroy the whole earth and can’t to live any longer.与自然英语作文篇2There is no doubt that human activity has an effect on the planet. We see the evidence of mankind’s ende avors all around us. Overall, it seems that human activity harms the Earth more than benefits it makes. As is vividly betrayed in the photo above, due to over development, there is limited land being set aside forendangered animals.Absolutely, we should reserve some land for the world’s animals for the following reasons. First, mankind’s need for land is constantly growing. If the demand is not checked controlled in some way, humans will eventually develop all of the earth’s available land. At that time, mankind will have no more room to grow, and all the wild animals will have disappeared, as well as other valuable resources. Second, humans are able to innovate and can use the land that they already possess in more efficient ways. Animals are unable to do this. Once their land is taken away from them, they will die. Third and last, endangered animals are an important part of the biodiversity of our planet. If they disappear, we cannot predict what the effect will be. Therefore, we should treat such animals as a valuable resource to be protected.To sum up, the world’s endangered animals are an important resource and we should protect them by setting aside some land for them. Although mankind’s need for land continues to grow, people are intelligent and inventive enough to put the land into use properly. In this way, we can have enough land for farming, housing and industry, and preserve the biodiversity of the planet at the same time.相关标签:环境Environmental 植物Botany 教育Education与自然英语作文篇3Living in the concrete jungle, we have to admit that our busy. extravagant lives are corroding our souls little by little. Only by being close to nature can we recover our vitality and go back our true selves. Breathing in fresh air, smelling the fragrance of flowers and listening to the sounds of birds and streams, we canrelease our tensions and listening to the sounds of birds and streams, we can our tensions and cleanse our minds of the tiresome things around us. Form the journey of water, we can understand the circle of life.Also, we can learn to be kind people from the peace of mountains. We can learn a lot as we enjoy the cozy atmosphere of nature. We may consider nature as a great book, and noting in the can delight us as much as it!与自然英语作文篇4When we go to the dining hall of our college, we use disposable chopsticks. Those chopsticks are made of wood, and the wood comes from our forest.It is always easy for people to accept things which can bring convenience to them. So when the disposable utensils come into use, they become popular at once. Countless chopsticks are discarded after eachmeal. People get used to it, but Nature does not. Therefore, sandstorms ravage the land; desert expands its territory; floods and droughts claim lives and property. Nature is expressing her objection to such convenience in her own way for the loss of her forest.It is high time we stopped pursuing convenience regardless of Natare. Although their is a long way for us to go to raise everyone‘s awareness of environmental protection, we must try our best to let everyone love and protect our Mother Nature, for her sake and for our own sake as well.与自然英语作文篇5Man and nature are interactive （相互作用的） forces.Looking back along the river of history, we may find that harmony used to exist between people and nature. At that time nature was pure field to be ploughed, sown and harvested. Manrespected nature and was one part of nature.It seems that people today are masters of natureg Nature is torn into pieces. While we are disrupting（破坏） the order of the natural world, we are the ultimate victims, for nature is seeking its revenge（报复）. Disappearing forests, drying rivers, polluted soil and worsening climate have punished greedy human beings. We have taken too much from nature, and given back too little.Looking forward to the future, when we gain reasoning, when we remember the deep interdependent relationship between people and nature, when citizens of the world work persistently to protect nature, then nature will be our friend instead of our slave or servant. Sure, people can live in harmony with nature, with commitment, hard work and new technology. 与自然英语作文篇6The beauty of nature is like a magician. To daub on light green, spring to summer with a dark green, and, with dazzling aureate autumn to winter again put on a white coat; Ding-dong of the spring water gently singing tune, spectacular sea in rhythm, those little the singer with the wind also show up their indirect voice; Beautiful picture of nature is the blue sky white clouds, green hills and water, flowers, quiet mountains...What a sight!However, such a view, so beautiful, because human desire is dont have much, everywhere is named "tall buildings" tree; Flow of the river is called "car" of water droplets; Beautiful mountain "has been renamed as" factory "; Beautiful blue sky white clouds seemed to fit the nobility, clothed in black.Oh my god ~! The beauty of the earths natural villages? Where is she? Oh, she is still there, just for old face... These, is she the children are making! The human and the nature cant coexist?As long as we are taking the path of sustainable development, mother nature will not be ill-treated in human ~! But now? Human unchecked, makes the natural mother scarred, also sped up the earths resources to reduce...Stupid human ah, you really are in knowingly ah ~! Preached that environmental protection, and increase the demand, this is the face of love your mother? Action! Action! With the practical action to implement environmental protection, for future generations point f美丽的大自然好似一个魔术师。
人与自然英语作文
Man and nature are interactive 相互作用的forces.第一范文网整理Looking back along the river of history we may find that harmony used to exist between people and nature. At that time nature was pure field to be ploughed sown and harvested. Man respected nature and was one part of nature. While we are disrupting破坏the order of the natural world we are the ultimate victims for nature is seeking its revenge报复. Disappearing forests drying rivers polluted soil and worsening climate have punished greedy human beings. We have taken too much from nature and given back too little.Nature the environment which human beings live by is magnificent and unique. There si only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. We should have cherished nature and preserved it. Conversely however we have been continually spoiling it even to a shocking degree. Now lets see what we have dong. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year which has caused soil erosion. Hundreds of thousands of tons of CFCS have been left in the higher sky in the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the South Pole that covers an area of that of the United States. Million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year which has eventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world.Caring For Nature OverpopulationWhat is nature Its everything that exists in the world independently of people such as pants and animals earth and rocks and the weather. Now more and more people are focusing on the nature. It is no doubt that the nature is important to every human being. No nature no life. Because of the supplies of the nature we have lived happily for a long time. And we started to gain every thing available from the nature. And this lasted so long a time.Today people have discovered that the nature around is getting worse and worse.What is threatening the nature Air and water pollution overharvesting of plant and animal species overpopulation and so on. Overpopulation is the biggest source of pollution. Lets take overpopulation as an example. What does overpopulation feel like When we move slowly through the city in a tazi. When we enter a crowded slum district. When the temperature is high and when the air is thick with dust and smoke. The streets are crowded with people. The streets seem alive with people. People eating. People washing. People talking. People sleeping. People visiting each other arguing and screaming. People relieving themselves. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows begging. People leading animals. People people people people. As we drive slowlythrough the crowd sounding the taxis horn the dust heat noise and cooking fires made it like a scene from hell I admit,frightening.To the nature overpopulation is a big problem. More people more pollution. And the big population is threatening the nature every second. The rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries. The whole world faces the problem that raw materials are being used up at an increasing rate and food production can not keep up with the population increase. People in rich countries make the heaviest demands on the worlds resources its food fuel and land and cause the most pollution. A baby born in the United States will use in his lifetime 30 times more of the worlds resources than a baby born in India. Unless all the countries of the world take united action to deal with the population explosion there will be more and more people fighting for a share of less and less land food and fuel and the future will bring poverty misery and war to us all.For most of the developing countries it is a good idea to control the population growth. For example China has carried out birth control for years. And this plan has a great effect on the world population.If the population continues to increase if the air and water continue to be polluted if we dont do something to protect wild plant and wildlife species will be declining. Species and biological communities have difficulty adapting to change. Economic opportunities and the quality oflife of future generations are also put at risk. By protecting nature we protect ourselves.Lets unite together hand in hand we stand all across the land.We can make this world in which to live. Hand in hand. Control the population growth. Take good care of our nature.Human and Nature 人与自然Nature the environment which human beings live by is magnificent and unique. There is only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. We should have cherished nature and preserved it. 自然是人们生存的美丽和唯一的环境。
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Nitrogen and Sulphur
ing a dot and cross diagram explain why N2 is involved in very few reactions.(3 marks)
2.Nitrogen can react in the upper atmosphere during thunderstorms and in an internal combustion engine. Why is this?(1 mark)
3.Atmospheric nitrogen can be removed and turned into nitrate ions. What can do this?(1 mark)
4.Draw a diagram to show how the ammonium ion forms. What happens when this ammonium ion is heated with a base? Give an example.(3 marks)
es of nitrogen: food storage
metal working
+ ? ____ Making fertilizers
Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2 SO4
+ ? _____
Ammonium nitrate ________
+ ? -------
Ammonia
Urea ______
+ ? _______
+? ________
+?__________
+? _________
Making nitric acid
Ammonium nitrate, nylon, TNT and other explosives(9 marks)
6.What do synthetic fertilizers supply to the soil that plants need in order to grow?(1 mark)
7.Explain the process of eutrophication.(5 marks)
8.Small babies can end up with too much nitrate in the blood if the concentration of nitrates in the water supply is too high. This is called ‘blue baby’ syndrome. Why do you think it is given this name?(2 marks)
9.What is put in car engines to remove carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons?(1 mark)
10. a. What is the pH of acid rain?
b. Write an equation to show the formation of nitric acid found in acid rain.
c. Write an equation to show the formation of sulfuric acid found in acid rain.
d. Where do the reactants for these reactions come from?(4 marks)
11.Give three problems that acid rain causes.(3 marks)
12.How are crude oil and natural gas treated to reduce the amount of SO2 they produce?(2 marks)
13.How is SO2 removed from exhaust gases given off by burning coal? What is produced and what is it used for?(3 marks)
14.Fill in the steps outlining The Contact Process:(making sulfuric acid)
Step 1Equations
Sulfur is obtained from deposits in the earth
and from __________ or ______________.
It is burnt in _________ to produce sulfur dioxide.
Sulfur dioxide can also be obtained by _________
________________________________________ .
What can be done with the remaining metal oxide?
Step 2
Sulfur dioxide and _______ are passed over a vanadium
oxide catalyst to form _____________ .
What type of reaction is this?
What conditions would we expect to be used?
What temperature is used and why?
Ideally a low temperature is needed for this reaction. The catalyst is arranged on beds and the gases passed through it.
What happens to temperature of the gases on each catalyst bed and why?
What is done to push the equilibrium back to the right – hand side?
Step 3
The last stage of the process involves the conversion of the _______________ into ___________________.
Why is this not done by passing SO3 directly into water?
How is it converted into sulfuric acid?
Why is sulfuric acid important in the chemical industry?
15.a. What is sulfite and how is it produced?
b. Sulfur dioxide and sulfites can be used in food preservation. What does food preservation mean?
Why can these two things be used for this?。