大学体验英语高级教程(下)复习重点
高级英语笔记下册
高级英语下册Lesson One1.The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)—此处采用了‖the + 比较级…+ the + 比较级…‖结构，表示‖越…，就越…‖，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。
E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。
The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。
2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it. (1)—who found and build the company and now own and direct it为men 的定语从句。
另外注意，found 意为‖创立、设立‖。
E.g. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于1949年成立。
这里不要与find 的过去分词found 混淆，因常用的搭配形式为help (to) do sth.3. In the normal course of a business day…(3)—in the course of为固定词组，意为‖在…当中‖。
E.g. In the course of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department,… (3)—which is more important than his department为the Sales Department的非限时性定语从句。
高级英语下册重点难点
Lesson 1 The company in which I workAbdominalBachelorBroodCorrespondingCourteousCrankyCrampElationFitfullyGloomilyGoose-stepGregariousGrudgeInducementIngeniousMaliceMelancholyMonotonyResoundingRetardedScarletScrutinyShrewdV anityWreckDrainMuteTrivialRageV ergeStrainScrutinyTriumphBunchRigidIrritablePropaganda1.All the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build thecompany and now own and direct it.2.All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy andambition.3.They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure, collectively and individually.4.Each week, for example, a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each salesoffice and for Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before.5.The result of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous publicscrutiny and discussion throughout the company of how well or poorly the salesman in each sales office of each division of the company are doing at any given time.6.They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps orbrooding miserably about the future; on the other hand, they often turn cranky without warning and complain a lot.7.It is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executivesand their wives or participate with them in responsible civic affairs.8.Strangely enough, the salesmen react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervisionto which they are subjected.9.For the most part, they are cheerful, confident, and gregarious whey they are not irritable,anxious, and depressed.10.And it’s a dumb person who’s convinced he is wise. We wise grownups here at the companygo sliding in and out all day long, scaring each other at our desks and trying to evade the people who frighten us.11.It’s a real problem to decide whether it’s more boring to do something boring than to passalong everything boring that comes in to somebody else and then have nothing to do at all. 12.There is a large, emotional letdown after I survive each crisis, a kind of empty, tragicdisappointment, and last year’s threat, opportunity, and inspiration are often this year’s inescapable tedium.13.On days when I’m especially melancholy, I began constructing tables oforganization…classifying people in the company on the basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry, hatred, or disappointment.14.They are stimulated and motivated by discipline and direction.15.This happens not only to salesman, but to the shrewd, capable executives in top management.16.I frequently feel I’m being taken advantage of merely because I’m asked to do the work I’mpaid to do.Lesson 2 EvelineAnguishBonnetBronzeCinderCretonneCrippleFerventFrenzyHarmoniumInhaleKeep nixMuseNauseaPalpitationPortholeQuickSpellSquabbleStrutTumbleUnspeakableUndesirableClackCrunch1.During all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowingphotograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the colored print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque.2.She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening.3.but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her deadmother’s sake.4.And now she had nobody to protect her, Ernest was dead and Harry, who was in the churchdecorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country.5.She always gave her entire wages—seven shillings—and Harry always sent up what he could,but the trouble was to get any money from her father.6.Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her blackleather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions.7.He was standing at the gate, his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbledforward over a face of bronze.8.Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing.9.As she mused the pitiful vision of her mother’s life laid its spell on the very quick of herbeing—that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness.10.Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat, lyingin beside the quay wall, with illumined portholes.11.Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer.12.Her head was learned against the window curtains, and in her nostrils was the odour of dustycretonne.13.She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal.Lesson 3 What’s wrong with our press?BolsterCater toEntrustFranchiseGarbageGuinea pigsHarriedLustPailPartisan bitPeevePungentRabidRecitalSuperficialTabloidVirulenceDigestionStuffSnippetPrevailGuardian1.It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one, and, as such,performs a unique human service.2.The fact is that although network television still allots too little time to the vital service ofinforming the public, it does a better job in that little time than the nation’s press as a whole.3.Y et nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have Iencountered the intense partisanship, the often rabid bias that colors the editorial pages of the majority of newspapers in this country.4.Some of the same papers which loudly extol the virtues of free enterprise and a free press areconsistently failing to print the facts on which a people can form a balanced and independent opinion. That balanced and independent opinion is our only real security as a nation.5.Now, very often, television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate.6.Fortunately for the American public, television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact,the kind of partisan virulence and personal peeve, that many newspapers not only welcome but encourage.7.A newspaper has the right—the duty even—to assume an attitude, to take a position. But ithas an equally sacred right to explain that position in the light of the opposing one, to document that position, and to bolster it, not with emotion but with fact.8.Between the opinions of the editor and the bare statements of the wire services there isnothing, nothing, that is except a collection of snippets used as fillers between the ads and picked at random.9.They have held their franchise so long that change has become inadmissible.10.Change means trouble, change means work, change means cost. It is easier to print wireservices dispatches than have a reporter on the beat. It is easier to buy syndicated columns than find—and train—local talent. It is easier to let the ads dictate the format than develop a format that elevates news above dogfood. It is easier to write editorial copy that appeals to emotion rather than reason.11.Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers, and sinceadvertising is big business, advertising is by nature Republican.12.Television also provides a wide range of opinion by setting up four or five experts and lettingthem knock each other down.Lesson 4 The tragedy of old age in AmericaAdversityArbitraryArthritisBittersweetContingent onDebilitatingDeprivationDignifiedDiagnosticDrasticallyEradicateEuphemismExcruciatinglyFraudulentInhospitableLullMeans testMorbidMunicipalPodiatryPrerogativeQuackScantStarkSublimeToilWishful thinkingPropelLeapConfrontationInspirationRecreationColloquialismImminenceHarshSoaringCatastropheSubstandardChronicPsychiatristPsychoanalystCrippleStrokeIronicNormEligible1.American find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it bytheir own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle.2.In truth, it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an oldperson. Death is a dramatic one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s own personality and one’s life.3.Medicare has lulled the population into reassuring itself that the once terrible financialburdens of late-life illnesses are now eradicated.4.In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent upon physical health, personality,earlier-life experiences, the actual circumstances of late-life events(in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, religious support, recreation. All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life.5.Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime—like every stage of life it hasproblems, joys, fears and potentials.6.The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning andadapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span.7.For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation,desolation and muted rage.8.Herein lies what I consider to be the genuine tragedy of old age in America—we have shapeda society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old. The tragedy of old ages is notthe fact that each of us must grow old and die but that process of doing so has been made unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly painful, humiliating, debilitating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance and poverty.9.Poverty and drastically lowered income and old age go hand in hand.10.When Social Security becomes the sole or primary income, it means subsistence-level stylesfor many, and recent increases do not keep up with soaring costs of living. Private pension plans often do not pay off, and pension payments that do come in are not tied to inflationarydecreases in buying power.11.Today’s elderly were brought up to believe in pride, self-reliance and independence. Many aretough, determined individuals who manage to survive against adversity. But even the tough ones reach a point where help should be available to them.12.As a result, they are likely to end up alone—an ironic turn of events when one remembers thatmost of them were raised form childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable state.13.Poverty is the norm. Scant attention is paid to their particular cultural interests and heritage.14.This is the American ideal of the ―golden years‖toward which millions of citizens areexpectantly toiling through their workdays.15.We base our feeling on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledgeand insight.16.Age discrimination in employment is unrestrained, with arbitrary retirement practices and biasagainst hiring older people for available jobs.17.These health problems, while significant, are largely treatable and for the most part do notimpair the capacity to work.Lesson 5 Trifles (Part One)CoronerPleatPneumoniaPreservesSinkSlickSnoopStrangleUnbendWirySheriffStickyGallantryStifflyInstinctScaredCloseA party telephoneInstinct1. They are followed by the two women—the sheriff’s wife first, she is a slight wiry woman, witha thin nervous face.Mrs. Hale is larger and would ordinarily be called more comfortable looking, but she is disturbed now and looks fearfully about as she enters.2. Unbuttoning his overcoat and stepping away from his stove as if to mark the beginning of official business.3. She was rocking back and forth. She had her apron in her hand and was kind of—pleating it.4. I sleep sound.5. Seems to talk about her for not having things slicked up when she had to come away in such a hurry.6. Gets down, bottle in her hand. Goes to the sink and wipes it off on the outside.7. I suppose she felt she couldn’t do her part, and then you don’t enjoy things when you feel shabby.8. The sheriff and Mr. Hale are men in middle life. The country attorney is a young man, all are much bundled up go at once to the stove.9. Funny thing to want, for there isn’t much to get you dirty in jail, goodness knows.10. But I don’t think a place’d be any cheerful for John Wright’s being in it.Lesson 6 Trifles (Part Two)AbashCovertCraftyFacetiouslyFalterFidgetFlutteryHatchetHomesteadKnotPetticoatPleasantryRigSuperstitiousTippetWringShawlSarcasticMessySneakStitchHollowReproachTimidPatchKittenChucklingPocketChoke1.It must have been done awful crafty and still. They say it was such a –funny way to kill a man,rigging it all up like that.2.I hope had it a little more tidied up there. Y ou know, it seems kind of sneaking. Locking herup in town and then coming out here and trying to get her own house to turn against her!3.Just pulling out a stitch or two that’s not sewed very good. Bad sewing always made mefidgety.4.I must get these things wrapped up. They may be through sooner than we think.5.Maybe because it’s down in a hollow and you don’t see the road.6.Somehow we just don’t see how it is with other folks until—something comes up.7.He didn’t drink, and kept his word as well as most, I guess, and paid his debts.8.Like a raw wind that gets to the bone.9.Their eyes meet. A look of growing comprehension, of horror. Steps are heard outside. Mrs.Hale slips box under quilt pieces, and sinks into her chair.10.The two women sit there not looking at one another, but as if peering into something and atthe same time holding back. When they talk now it is in the matter of feeling their way over strange ground, as if afraid of what they are saying, but as if they can not help saying it.11.Killing a man while he slept, slipping a rope around his neck that choked the life out if him.12.We live close together and we live far apart.13.Mr. Henderson coming out that what was needed for the case was a motive; something toshow anger, or –sudden feeling.14.I don’t know as there’s anything so strange, our taking up our time with little things whilewe’re waiting for them to get the evidence.15.If there’d been years and years of nothing, then a bird to sing to you, it would be awful—still ,after the bird was still.16.But you know juries when it comes to women. If there was some definite thing. Something toshow—something to make a story about—a thing that would connect up with this strange way of doing it.Lesson 7 Ace in the holeAcceleratorBlocksBoulevardBulgeCopCribDashDentDopeyDribbleExhaleFeel like oneselfFenderHot-shotIgnitionIgnition keyIrkJerk Lettuce Measly Mince Muss Planer Plume Pocket-book Rave Rusty Saxophone Scratchy Scrub Smirk Stink Stocking Sun shield Temple Tempo Tune…up Twiddle Virility Whimper WhirlFlickSnapSpunSuck PorchBlinkFuss Bounce TossRattle Comb BlondBaldToiletGrin Squirrel Scrape Thump StuntNutCarpetSure-fingered center1.No sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace flicked on the radio.2.She’ll pop her lid.3.His voice, though familiar, irked him; it sounded thin and scratchy.4.The Five Kings were doing ―Blueberry Hill‖; to hear them made Ace feel so sure inside thatfrom the pack pinched between the car roof and the sun shield he plucked a cigarette, hung it on his lower lip, snapped a match across the rusty place on the dash. He rolled down the window and snapped the match so it spun end-over-end into the gutter.5.He cocked the cigarette toward the roof of the car, sucked powerfully, and exhaled twoplumes through his nostrils.6.She came out on the porch holding a plastic spoon and smelling of cake.7.Y ou were the best-nature boy.8.Ace left the ignition key in his pocket and ran along the pavement with Bonnie laughing andbouncing at his chest.9.He tossed some blocks and a rattle into the crib and walked into the bathroom, where heturned on the hot water and began to comb his hair. He ran the comb straight back on both sides of his head, then mussed the hair in front enough for one little lock to droop over his forehead.10.He had observed all around him how blond men went bald first. He remembered readingsomewhere, though, that baldness shows virility.11.What women didn’t seem to realize was that there were things you knew but shouldn’t say.12.A key scratched at the door lock.13.No kidding.14.If you’d been on your feet all day a block would look like one hell of a long way.15.She stabbed her cigarette into an ashtray on the arm of the chair so hard the ashtray jumped tothe floor. A vey flushed and shut up.16.If for one rotten moment you think, Mr. Fred, that the be-all and end-all of my is you and yourhot-shot stunts—17.Ace fitted his hand into the natural place on Evey’s back and she shuffled stiffly into his lead.When, with a sudden injection of saxophones, the tempo quickened, he spun her out carefully, keeping beat with his shoulders.18.The music ate through his skin and mixed with the nerves and small veins; he seemed to begreat again, and all the other kids were around them, in a ring, clapping time.19.He hoped she wouldn’t get too mad, because when she was mad he wondered if he shouldhave married her, and doubting that made him feel crowded.20.Just looked like somebody took a planer and shaved off the bulge, you know, there at theback.Lesson 8 Science has spoiled my supperAllegeAniseCrumbly Dweller Fission Forebear Fusion’Genetics Guffaw Hypothesis Individualistic Innate Macaroni Mediocrity Moldy Monograph MottoMush Obesity Pronounced Puree Recipe Simmer Squash String bean Superlatively Supplant Tamper with TurnipV enerable VictualWiltZillion Superior Delicateness Patron Caraway Imitation Commission Discard Agronomist WadCarrot Onion LeftoverCurseCrispPulpSucklingMobConformityInsane1.Science, to my mind, is applied honesty, the one reliable means we have to find out truth.2.For quite a long time I thought that observation was merely another index of advancing age.3.They are just as good as I recall them from my courtship.4.Some cheese foods are fairly edible; but no one comes within miles of the old kinds—forflavor.5.Those who prefer a product of a pronounced and individualistic flavor have a variety ofpreferences. Nobody is altogether pleased by bland foodstuff, in other words; but nobody is very violently put off. The result is that a ―reason‖ has been found for turning out zillions of package of something that will ―do‖ for nearly all and isn’t even imagined to be superlatively good by a single soul.6.There are merchants of several sorts—wholesalers before the retailers, commission men, andso on—with the result that what were once edible products become, in transit, mere wilted leaves and withered tubes.7.I have long thought that the famed blindfold test for cigarettes should be applied to cityvegetables.8.This sounds wonderful and often is insane. For the scientists have not as a rule taken anyinterest whatsoever in the taste of the things they’ve tampered with!9.Ripening time and identity of size and shape are, nowadays, more important in carrots thanthe fact that they taste like carrots.10.The women’s magazines are about one third dedicated to clothes, one third to mild commenton sex, and the other one third to recipes and pictures of handsome salads, desserts, and main courses.11.The need to satisfy the sense of taste may be innate and important.12.V egetables with crisp and cracking texture emerge as mush, slippery and stringy as hair netssimmered in V aseline.13.We are suckling ourselves on machine-made mediocrity. It is bad for our souls, our minds,and our digestion. It is the way our wiser and calmer forehead fed, not people, but dogs: as much as possible and as fast as possible, with no standard of quality.14.Conformity, standardization, similarity—all on a cheap and vulgar level—replacing the greatAmerican ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.15.By something not very good to eat, prepared by a mother without very much to do, for afamily that doesn’t feel it amounts to much anyhow.16.My education is scientific and I have, in one field, contributed a monograph to a scientificjournal.17.This gifted woman’s daughter (my wife) was taught her mother’s venerable skills.18.What they have done is to develop ―improved‖ strains of things for every purpose but eating.19.I wonder if this blandness of our diet doesn’t explain why so many of us are overweight andeven dangerously so.Lesson 9 I’ll never escape the ghettoArchetypeBootstrapCompellingComportContrivedDeliveranceDesignationDroveEmulateExodusFulminationGhettoHard-wroughtIndigenousInfluxIntrigueIrreversibleJoltLexiconLip serviceManifestationRetractionShibbolethSpateSpoutingStigmaTenuousTraumaticUpheavalNotionRiotingBastardShatter1.By ordinary standards these are credentials enough to qualify one as coming from Watts.2.There are no retractions or future deliverances.3.Without reception, the prime American values underscore the notion.4.The talk among the ambitious and future-minded youth in Watts was on getting out so thatcareers could begin.5.I had not realized in leaving for Whittier College that, however worthy my intention ofreturning was, I was nevertheless participating in the customary exodus form Watts. It was not long after leaving my early ambitious began to wear thin.6.By far the most traumatic of the new changes was ghetto rioting.7.In one sense, I was the archetype of the ghetto child who through hard work and initiative waspulling himself toward a better life.8.The ghetto was at least no longer content with its status as bastard child of urban America.9.The parallel between a single individual’s success and the bootstrap effort of the mass ofghetto youth is and remains too tenuous to comport with reality.10.It shattered the notion that my individual progress could be hailed as an advance for allNegroes.11.It is part of the lip service every successful Negro is obliged to pay to the notion of raceprogress whenever he achieves.12.What I had often mistaken for pointless spouting was in reality a manifestation of thisdesperate search for a truth about the riots.13.The Watts-as-a-way-station mentality has a firm hold on both those who remain and thosewho leave.14.It was not long after leaving that my early ambitious began to wear thin.15.I did not want my being from Watts to arouse curiosity.16.Before the riots, the reach of the Negro movement in America seemed within the province ofa small civil rights leadership.Lesson 10 How market leaders keep their edgeAdeptAnteAssortmentDisposable contact lensesContingencyDabbleDeliberateDomainDifferentiateEngenderFine-tuneGlitchGuruHasselHassle-freeLeapfrogMomentumMundaneObsoleteOphthalmologistOptimizeParityPharmaceuticalPeddlePinRelentlesslyScoutStakeState-of-the-artTinkererTipV engeanceV ested interestMediocreLadderSegmentIntimacyCombatingEngenderRenderRealmSprinkleRigorousEvaluationShrewdDimension1.Our research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to people.2.Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company abandons the other two, onlythat it picks a dimension of value on which to stake its market reputation over the long term.3.The first value discipline we call operational excellence.4.Operational excellence companies provide middle-of-the-market products at the best pricewith the least inconvenience. Their proposition to customers is simple: low price or hassle-free service, or both.5.The second value discipline we call product leadership. Its practitioners concentrate onoffering products that push performance boundaries.6.The third value discipline we have named customer intimacy. Its adherents focus ondelivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want.7.Then company’s Consumer Reports mentality leads to rigorous evaluation of leading brandsand shrewd purchasing of just the one brand in each category that represents the best value.8.The company’s information systems track product movement—and move it does.9.First, they must be creative. More than anything else, being creative means recognizing andembracing ideas that may originate anywhere—inside the company or out.Second, they must commercialize their idea quickly.Third and most important, they must relentlessly pursue ways to leapfrog their own latestproduct or service.10.It brings in new ideas, develops them quickly, and then looks for ways to improve them.11.Vistakon continues to investigate new materials that would extend the wearability of thecontact lenses and even some technologies that would make the lenses obsolete.12.They must be adept at rendering obsolete the products and services they have created. Theyrealize that if they don’t develop a successor, another company will. J&J, Nike, and other innovators are willing to take the long view of profitability, recognizing that extracting the full profit potential from an existing product or service is less important than maintaining product leadership and momentum. These companies are never blinded by their own success.13.The company attributes its 20% annual growth rate in number of long-distance customerminutes to its striving continuously to serve customers better than bigger competitors.14.So they sought to differentiate themselves by providing the best customer support in theindustry, along with direct sales consultation that gives salespeople intimate knowledge of that makes its customers successful.15.Local managers allocate it as they see fit, preparing budgets and sending them up thecorporate ladder to keep supervisors informed.16.We have identified three distinct value disciplines, so called because each discipline producesa different kind of customer value.17.Operationally excellent companies deliver a combination of quality, price, and ease ofpurchase that no one else in their market can match.18.More than anything else, being creative means recognizing and embracing ideas that mayoriginate anywhere—inside the company or out.19.Vistakon’s high-speed production facility helped give the company a six-month head startover would-be rivals.20.A company that delivers value via customer intimacy builds bonds with customers like thosebetween good neighbors.21.What they haven’t done is create a breakthrough in any one dimension to reach new heights ofperformance.Lesson 11 On human nature and politicsAbsolutionAcquisitivenessActuateAdvocateAmplyAnticApeAutocraticBellicosityBoaBoarChieftainCarcaseConstrictor。
《高级英语》下辅导资料
高级英语（下）Lesson OneThe Company in Which I work背景知识（Background knowledge）Joseph Heller himself has recounted the story of his early life in his latest book Now and Then (l998). He was born in Brooklyn in 1923 and grew up on Coney Island. At the outbreak of World War It, he worked first in a navy yard and then enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces, training at bases in South Carolina before flying sixty missions as bombardier in B - 255 in North Africa and Italy.After the war he went through college and graduate study at the University of Southern California, New York University (B. A. 1948), Columbia (M.A. 1949), and Oxford (Fulbright Scholar, 1949-1950). Heller wrote out longland the first section of "catch 18", the start of his war novel Catch - 22(1961). The extraordinary and sustained impact of that novel was only the beginning of a literary career that now encompasses eight major books as well as stage plays, screen plays, short stories, articles, and reviews.His other works include Something Happened (1974) Good as Gold (1979), God knows (1984) No Laughing Matter (1986) Picture This (1988) Closing Times (1994), his posthumously-published novel Portrait of an Artist, as an Old Man (2000).Mr. Heller's literary achievement brought numerous awards, including the University of South Carolina's Thomas Cooper Medal in 1996. Mr. Heller died on December 14, 1999.词汇(V ocabulary)1. drain (v): make sb. /sth. weaker, poorer, etc. by gradually using up his / its strength 消耗精力、金钱The country was drained of its manpower and wealth by war. 战争使国家耗尽了人力和财力。
大学体验英语第二册教案
教学目标：1. 学生能够听懂并掌握关于个人介绍的基本词汇和句型。
2. 学生能够运用所学词汇和句型进行简单的口语交流。
3. 培养学生的听说能力和跨文化交流意识。
教学重点：1. 个人介绍的基本词汇和句型。
2. 听说能力的培养。
教学难点：1. 学生对词汇和句型的熟练运用。
2. 跨文化交流意识的培养。
教学准备：1. 多媒体课件。
2. 听力材料。
3. 练习材料。
教学过程：一、导入1. 利用图片、视频等方式展示个人介绍的场景，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 引导学生回顾上节课所学内容，为新课做铺垫。
二、新课讲授1. 词汇教学：- 介绍与个人介绍相关的词汇，如：name、age、birthplace、hobbies、school等。
- 通过图片、例句等方式帮助学生理解和记忆词汇。
2. 句型教学：- 介绍与个人介绍相关的句型，如：My name is...；I am...years old；I come from...；I like...等。
- 通过对话、角色扮演等方式让学生熟悉句型。
3. 听力训练：- 播放听力材料，让学生听懂并回答问题。
- 引导学生总结听力材料中的关键信息。
4. 口语练习：- 让学生进行小组讨论，互相介绍自己的基本信息。
- 鼓励学生运用所学词汇和句型进行口语交流。
三、巩固练习1. 完成课后练习，巩固所学知识。
2. 教师布置作业，要求学生在课后进行口语练习。
四、课堂小结1. 回顾本节课所学内容，强调重点和难点。
2. 鼓励学生在日常生活中运用所学知识。
五、课后作业1. 完成课后练习。
2. 准备一篇关于自己的短文，下节课进行分享。
教学反思：本节课通过词汇、句型、听力、口语等多种教学方式，帮助学生掌握个人介绍的相关知识。
在教学过程中，应注意以下几点：1. 注重学生的听说能力培养，鼓励学生积极参与课堂活动。
2. 注重跨文化交流意识的培养，引导学生关注不同文化背景下的交流方式。
3. 及时关注学生的学习情况，针对性地进行辅导。
大学体验英语(基础目标下册)期末复习资料
Unit1❶The University of Oxford is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning, established during the 1100s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界上最著名的高等学府之一，建于11世纪，位于英国牛津，伦敦西北约80公里处。
❷Oxford is very competitive: more than 19000 people applied for around 3200 undergraduate places for entry in 2016, which means that Oxford receives, on average, nearly 6 applications for each available place. 40% of the total student body — over 9300 students —is citizens of foreign countries. Students come to Oxford from over 140 countries and territories. There are 38 Oxford colleges plus six permanent private halls, which are similar to colleges except that they tend to be smaller, and were founded by various religious groups. 牛津大学竞争非常激烈：2016年，超过19000人申请了3200个本科入学名额，这意味着牛津大学平均每个入学名额收到近6个申请。
高级英语学习者英语下册知识点整理
高级英语学习者英语下册知识点整理
本文档将整理高级英语研究者在英语下册中的重要知识点。
以下是各个部分的知识点概述：
1. 语法
1.1 时态
- 过去完成时
- 过去完成进行时
- 未来完成时
1.2 语态
- 被动语态的使用和构成
- 不同时态的被动语态
1.3 条件句
- 条件状语从句的几种类型
- 含蓄条件句
2. 词汇
2.1 词根与词缀
- 前缀和后缀的使用
- 表示数量、时间和状态的词根
2.2 动词短语
- 动词短语的不同形式和使用方法- 表示结果、原因和方式的动词短语
2.3 名词短语
- 名词短语的用法和修饰
- 不同类型的名词短语
3. 阅读理解
3.1 推理题
- 推理题的解答方法和技巧
- 寻找线索和信息的关键点
3.2 主旨题
- 如何确定文章的主旨和中心思想- 文章段落的组织结构和主题
3.3 词义题
- 通过上下文推断词义
- 判断词义的方法和技巧
4. 写作技巧
4.1 论证写作
- 如何进行有效的论证和辩证
- 合理运用证据和例子来支持论点
4.2 描述写作
- 描述事件、人物和场景的技巧- 运用形象化的语言来增强描述
4.3 议论文写作
- 搭建清晰的议论结构
- 运用正确的语言风格和逻辑
以上是高级英语学习者在英语下册中的重要知识点。
希望这份整理对您的学习有所帮助。
大学体验英语高级教程(下)复习重点
1、There was something uncanny,almost obscene,to Robyn's eye,about the sudden,violent,yet controlled movements of the machine,darting forward and retreating like some steely reptile devouring its prey.在罗玢的眼里，这台机器运动突然，猛烈，但受控制地向前一冲，又往后一退，真有点儿刁钻古怪，甚至流里流气，活像某种钢铁爬虫在吞食猎物。
2、This machine here is doing the work that was done last year by twelve men.这里的这台机器正在干去年十二个人干的工作。
3、"I don't like making men redundant,"he said,"but we're caught in a double bind."“我不喜欢把工人当做冗员裁掉，”他说，“可我们也处于两难的困境。
”4、They may moan about it every Monday morning,they may agitate for shorter hours and longer holidays,but they need to work for their self-respect.每个周一早上他们也许会发牢骚讲怪话，他们也许会鼓励缩短工时，增加假期，但他们需要工作以赢得自尊。
5、It's meaningful.It's rewarding.I don't mean in money terms.It would be worth doing even if one wasn't paid anying at all.有意义。
高教大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 2Unit 6-passage a-难点精讲
1. The silver medal he earned in Albertville, France, ushered the 27-year-old figure skater into anew existence.这位27 岁的花样滑冰运动员在法国的阿尔贝维尔获得了银牌，从此走向全新的生活。
Paraphrase: The second-place medal he earned in Albertville, France, gave the 27-year-old figure skater a new status.☺ 1) 此句为定语从句, 先行词为the silver medal, 关系代词被省略。
2) usher in/into: mark the start of sth. 开创、开始或引进某物。
如：The new governmentushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了一个繁荣的时期。
3) 27-year-old 此复合形容词的构成形式为：数词- 单数名词(- 形容词)。
如：百米赛跑100-meter race2. He was no longer a nobody who choked at big events, like the 1988 Calgary Olympics, where he finished an unimpressive 10th. 1988 年的卡尔加里冬奥会上，他表现平平，只得了第10 名，可如今他再也不是在大型赛事中举止失措的无名小卒了。
Paraphrase: He has no longer a little-known competitor who became nervous and could not win in major competitions, like the 1988 Calgary Olympics where he finished 10th and few people noticed him.☺ 1) 本句中有两个定语从句。
大学体验英语第二册 Unit3重点单词详解
belongings
n. ①动产；②财物；③家眷；④亲属
【例句】：1. I collected my belongings and left... 我收拾好随身物品就离开了。 2. He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings. 他的身份只是通过制服和个人财物确定了下来。
Concerned
adj. ① 关注的,关心的,感兴趣的 ②有关的;参与的 ③挂虑的,担心的,不安的
1. What are you most concerned about? 您最关注的是什么？ 【例句】： 2. Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much. 参与此事的人对此都深感遗憾。 3. She is concerned about your safety. 她不放心你的安全。 【词组】： ① concerned about 关心 ② concernsd in 有关的 ③ concernsd with 涉及；忙于；与…有关
glamorous
adj. 富有魅力的；迷人的；富于刺激的；独特的
【例句】： 1. some of the world's most beautiful and glamorous women... 全世界最漂亮迷人的一些女性 2. The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels. 南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。 【拓展】： 派生词 glamorously adj. 非订作的便宜货，半新的 n. 旧的衣服，成衣
《高级英语(下)》课文要点
《高级英语（下）》课文要点1. Lesson One The Company in Which I Work1. What kind of life are the salesmen leading?They live and work under extraordinary pressure. When things are bad, they are worse for the salesmen; when things are good, they are not much better. However, they react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. They love their work, work hard, and earn big salaries.2. How does the narrator feel about his work now?He is bored with his work very often now. He would pass the routine work to the others. He enjoys his work only when the assignments are large and urgent. He frequently feels that he is being taken advantage of, and does not want to spend the rest of his life working for the company. However, he finds there is no way out.3. What do you think is the theme of this passage?This passage is a dark satire on the capacity of the modern corporation world to destroy the human spirit, and on the sacrifice of human dignity because of the desire for personal fame and gain.2. Lesson Two Eveline1. What changes had taken place in her family?In the past, "they seemed to have been rather happy."Now, 1) Her mother was dead;2) Her father became worse;3) Ernest was dead; Harry not at home.2. What made her decide to leave home?1) Hard lifea. no respect at work and at home, though hardworking (a dutiful daughter and sister);b. no protection: her father's violence;c. money affair2) Frank would give her life, perhaps love, too.(p17)3) Her mother's life"Frank would save her." "But she wanted to live."3. Why was she in two minds on the question of leaving or not leaving?A life of quiet desperation.---She had never dreamed of leaving (p3)---At least she had shelter and food and familiar people, and she did not find it a wholly undesirable life (p7)--- She had to explore another life with Frank (p9). She had no confidence.4. Why did she finally refuse to leave?--- National character: Irish paralysis (paralysis: loss or lack of ability to move, act, think, etc.) as shown in the last par.--- Individual character: her timidity (timid: fearful, lacking courage)the image of boat: a strange monsterthe symbol of sea: while offering escape and life, giving warning of death. These opposites reveal her dilemma.3. Lesson Three What's Wrong with Our Press?OutlinePart I IntroductionA. (Par. 1) Newspapers' two advantages over TV (sarcastic)B. (Par.2-4) Survey: People no longer believe in our press.C. (Par. 5) TV does better than the press in informing the public.*How do you interpret newspapers' two advantages?The author is sarcastic in talking about newspapers' "two great advantages". She makes us realize that something is wrong with the press: they have become a habit rather than a function.Part II (Par. 6) What's wrong with our press: Partisanship (rabid bias; one-sidedness)A. (Par. 7)TV presents more than one aspect of an issue.B. (Par. 8) TV provides a wide range of opinion.C. (Par. 9) TV does not feed the appetite for hate.D. (Par. 10-11) TV provides background information.*What's wrong with the American press according to the author?* In what way does TV do a better job than the press in informing the public?Part III ConclusionA. (Par. 12) Good newspapers are hard to find.B. (Par. 13-14) Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. (resistance to change)C. (Par. 15) The word should be treated with the respect it deserves.* Apart from partisanship, what marks the end of newspapers' usefulness?Newspapers' resistance to change marks the end of their usefulness. Without change they have become a habit rather than a function. They can not perform the vital service of informing the public.*What is the author's purpose in writing the article?The author points out the problems of the American local press in order to call for the press people to treat the word with the respect it deserves, and she also reveals her belief that no picture can ever be an adequate substitute of the word.4. Lesson Four The Tragedy of Old Age in AmericaOutlineI. Attitude toward old ageA. (1) We have not examined old age.B. (2-4) Popular attitudeC. (5) Correct attitudeII. Old age in AmericaA. (6) Root cause of the tragedy: societyB. (7-9) The basic daily requirements for survival: income and housingC. (10) EmploymentD. (11) Heath problemsE. (12) Other problemsF. (13) Old womenG. (14-15) MinoritiesQuestions:1. What are the popular attitudes towards old age?2. What are the interconnected elements that determine the quality of late life?3. Why is old age a tragedy for many elderly Americans?4. What are the major problems the elderly Americans confront?5. What is the author's view of old age?5. Lesson Seven Ace in the HoleAce has just been fired by his boss for damaging a car. He is worried that this might infuriate his wife Eey, and perhaps break up their already shaky marriage. On his way home, he stops by his mother's place to pick up the baby. His mother complains about Evey and hints he should divorce her. All this puts him in a confused and anxious mood. When Evey returns home, they have a squabble, and Evey blurts out a threat to divorce him. It is the baby's funny and clever act that comes to his rescue. Switching on the radio, Ace leads Evey into a dance and the music eases off the tension between them.Ace's experience reflects the plight of the typical American lower-middle class of the 1950s. Life has lost its fresh appeal and drive to him. His social existence is more of a sacrifice than an enterprise. By marrying a Catholic girl, he entraps himself in entangled relationships of family dispute and religious discord. The marriage itself is precarious, and due to recurring crises, it plunges now and then to the brink of collapse. His past glory as a basketball star will not get him any nearer a solution. His only hope seems to lie in the possibility of having more children who might grow up to fulfil his broken dreams.Questions:1. What made Ace so restless during his drive home that day? What was he worried about in particular?2. What do you think their married life was like?3. Was Ace out of the hole at the end of the story? What makes you think so?6. Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My SupperOutline:I. (par.1-2) American food is becoming tastelessII. (par.15-17) Tastelessness leads to obesityIII. (par. 19-23) Americans are losing individualityA. (3-8) CheeseB. (9-14) VegetablesC. (18) Deep-freezingQuestions:1. Why does the author make a distinction between science and the so-called science at the very beginning of the essay?The author wants to make clear to the readers that he himself is an honest lover of science and what he opposes here is the so-called science. This distinction is important for otherwise his essay would be weightless from the outset.2. Why does the author suggest that the tastelessness leads to the national problem of obesity? According to the author, the need to satisfy the sense of taste may be innate and important. When food is tasteless, it may be the instinct of mankind to go on eating in the subconscious hope offinally satisfying the frustrated taste buds. Since American food is becoming more and more tasteless, obesity, therefore, becomes such a national curse.3. Apart from obesity, what are the other consequences of Americans as a nation eating standardized tasteless food?Apart from obesity, the application of "science" to food production also causes people to abandon the quality as people and to become a faceless mob of mediocrities. Besides, American people are losing the great ideas of colorful liberty and dignified individualism.7. Lesson Nine I'll Never Escape the GhettoHis experience:4 years at Whittier College: 1959-632 years at Oxford: Fall 1963-65University of Vienna: Summer 1964Returned home: August 19652 years at Yale Law School: Fall 1965-67Returned home: Summer 1966Wrote the article: 1967Facts:I returned home in Aug. 1965I was home last summerHarlem rioting: Summer 1964Watts rioting: Fall 1965Questions:1. What made him decide to return home and make a career there when he left watts for Whittier College?2. Why did he hide the fact that he was from Watts?3. What did he realize when he was studying at Oxford? What made him realize that?4. What was his reaction to the Harlem rioting?5. How does he compare the wisdom of the street corner with his own schooling?8. Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and PoliticsOutlineI. (1-6) Four fundamental motivesA. Introduction (1)*desire for food*human desires: infinite*other fundamental desires: fourB Acquisitiveness (2-3)*origin: a combination of fear with the desire for necessaries*mainspring of the capitalist system; infiniteC. Rivalry (4)*stronger*dangerousD. Vanity (5)*powerful*a variety of forms*growing with what it feeds onE. Love of power (6)*most powerful*increasing by the experience of power* apt to inflict pain: dangerous*desirable sideII. (7-15) Love of excitementA. A very important motive, though less fundamental (7-10)B. Cause (11-12)C. Necessity of securing innocent outlets (13-15)*social reformers and moralists*Many of its forms are destructive*Civilized life is too tameQuestions:1. What are the four fundamental motives? Explain.2. What is the root cause of love of excitement as a motive?3. Why is it so important to secure an innocent outlet in the modern society?9. Lesson Twelve The Everlasting WitnessOutline:Par.1-2: At breakfast; in her sister's house in MexicoPar. 3-4: The night before; finding three cinemas (recent flashback)Par. 5-12: In America; the newsreel (earlier flashback)*What was the newsreel she chanced to see about?*Why did she come to Mexico?Par.13-end: In Mexico, going to the film alone*What decision did she make on the way to the cinema?*Why did she buy the flowers and then carry them in her heart?Flowers: beauty, peace, hope, affection; mother's love (carnations)in contrast with the cruelty of warFlowers (a big wheel) to life/death: she is ready to accept either*What is the everlasting witness? What is it a witness to? Explain?Open.Jerry's face on the screen (close-up): recorded in form of documentary; the image stamped in the mind of Marian and the audience, and the readers; Jerry is still alive.A witness to the cruelty of war.10. Lesson Thirteen Selected snobberiesThe author's views concerning snobbery:1. All men are snobs about something. (par. 1)2. Snobberies ebb and flow. (par. 2)3. Snobberies stimulate activity. (par. 6)4. Each group of people have their own most highly esteemed snobbery. ("Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope." (par. 7)Chief snobberies discussed in the essay:1. Disease2. Booze3. Modernity4. ArtQuestions:1. What is the motive for disease-snobbery?problematical diseases of the rich; romantic adolescents2. How has modernity-snobbery become so popular in modern society?of a strictly economic character; production is outrunning consumption; organized waste; most perishable articles by producers; advertising; newspapers; docile public.3. What are the two kinds of art-snobs? In what way does the author think the unplatonic art-snobs contribute to society?Platonic snobs are truly interested in artUnplatonic snobs buy art because a collections of works of art is a collection of culture symbols, and culture-symbols still carry social prestige, and, moreover, it is also a collection of wealth symbols.It compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas.And even though they buy works of art because they are modernity-snobs at the same time, it has provided the living artists with the means of subsistence.。
高级英语重点下册重点讲义
第一课：The Company in Which I work1、章节知识点1) 背景知识〔Background knowledge〕Joseph Heller2) 词汇(Vocabulary)a.Joseph Hellerb.drainc.bypassd.straine.distributef.grudgeg.incurh.stimulatei.motivatej.budgetk.boost3) 短语(Expressions)e upon / onb.credit sb. / sth. with sth.c.in the long rund.on triale.brood on / over sth.f.look aheadg.thrive onh.convert… to / into …i.fall victim (to sth.)j.take advantage of sth. / sb.4) 词语辨析(Word analysis)a.occur, incurb.ingenuous ,ingeniousc.implicit, explicitpliment, complemente.stimulate, simulatef.wonder, broodg.grudge, maliceh.cunning, shrewd5) 难句理解〔Sentence comprehension〕a.All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by timeand success of energy and ambition.b.They seem friendly, slow, and content when I come uponthem in the halls and always courteous and mute when theyride with others in the public elevators.c....and I will bypass him on most of our assignments ratherthan take up his time and delay their delivery to people whohave an immediate need for them.d.They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure,collectively and individually.e.They strain, even the most secure and self-assured of them,to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.f.The result of this photocopying and distributing is that thereis almost continuous public scrutiny and discussionthroughout the company of how well or poorly the salesmen in each sales office of each division of the company aredoing at any given tune.g.When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.h.The company, in fact, will pay for their country clubmembership and all charges they incur there, and rewards salesmen who make a good impression on the golf course.i.In fact, I am continuously astonished by people in thecompany who fall victim to their own propaganda.j.Virtually, I am constantly astonished by people in the company who were fooled by their own exaggeratedstatements.k.Every time we launch a new advertising campaign, for example, people inside the company are the first ones to betaken in by it.l.These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ——but only for a white.2、考核知识点本课文章中作者通过描写公司里人人自危、相互惧怕的心态，挖苦了大公司对人性的摧残，挖苦了为争名夺利而牺牲了人的尊严的可悲。
大学体验英语第二册翻译及重要词汇
Unit 11. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票(vote)。
(be eligible to)Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.2.每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。
(apply for, scholarship)A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester.3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。
(on the advice of)On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking.4.公园位于县城的正中央。
(be located in)The park is located right in the center of town.5.这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。
(facilities)The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.6. 他内心深处知道，他们永远也不会再见了。
(in one’s heart)He knew in his heart that they would never meet again.7.他们同意出版他的第一本书后，他终于感到自己快要成功了。
(on the road to) He finally felt that he was on the road to success after they agreed to publish his first book.8.他停下来喝了一口(a sip of)水，然后继续讲话。
(resume)He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking.9.这个大项目使我们忙得今年都无法安排一次度假了。
高教版大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 2Unit 8-passage b-难点精讲
1. You’d think after all these years I’d know better than to spread a virus by email. 你可能认为, 这么多年了, 我才知道用电子邮件传播病毒。
After all these years表示这些年之后。
注意此处容易误解为“after all”这两个意思完全不同。
如, It’s not surprising you’ve got stomachache. After all, you’ve eaten too much.你的胃痛并不令人惊讶, 毕竟你吃的实在太多了。
2. That, I assumed, would cordon me off from the Net and keep me from spreading the bug while I figured out how to get rid of it. 我想这样就可以切断与因特网的联系, 不再传播病毒, 然后再想办法清除。
I assumed 为插入语, 表示“我想”cordon off 表示“以警戒线隔离或包围”。
如：Police cordoned off the area until the bomb was defused. 警察隔离了这个地区直到炸弹的雷管被拆除为止。
figure out “领会出, 想出”。
如：I’ve never been able to figure him out. 我永远不能理解他。
3. Cursing myself for not using an anti-virus program on my home computer, I learned that the Homepage virus is the most common bug —technically, it’s a “worm”—out there. 一边骂自己, 为什么不在家用计算机上装一个杀毒软件，然后我得知“主页”病毒是一种最常见的病毒, 专业术语叫“蠕虫”。
高教版大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 2Unit 8-passage a-难点精讲
1. Innocent times spent sharing documents and executable files without a care in the world. 在那样的纯真年代, 我们共享文档和可执行文档没有任何顾虑。
严格上来讲则不算是个完整的句子,只能算是一个名词性短语, spend 被理解为过去分词做后置定语。
spend+ time/ money + on sth. / in doing sth. , 因此用sharing 的形式。
2. It wasn’t unusual to find hundreds of computers within personal company infected by viruses transmitted via email attachments. 一家公司里的数百台计算机通过电子邮件附件传播的病毒感染,也不是稀罕事。
not usual 双重否定表示肯定, infected 是过去分词形式做company 的后置定语, transmitted 也是viruses 的后置定语。
transmit“传染, 传导”。
如：The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. 世界杯决赛正由现场向50 多个国家直播。
3. They invest in anti-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedure to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. 他们投资购买杀毒软件, 安装在计算机, 服务器以及电子邮件网关上, 甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检测程序, 随时更新杀毒软件。
大学体验英语复习资料
⼤学体验英语复习资料英译中U11. Look at the relationship between the tree and its environment and youwill see the future of the tree.了解这棵树与其环境的关系，你就可以预见它的未来。
2. We have become addicted consumers, which causes industrial waste.我们沉溺于消费，造成⼯业浪费。
3. Too many of us just sit back and say “I’ll let the experts deal with it.”多数⼈都习惯袖⼿旁观，还说"让专家们去处理这些问题吧！"1.I was suddenly overtaken by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse, where I figured he’d live a happier frog life.我突然有⼀股强烈的欲望想了解他：为什么他要呆在这⼉⽽不乐意呆在花房⾥？我认为对树蛙来说，花房显然要舒适得多。
2.The tone seemed to hit me right in the center of my mind这种声⾳似乎⼀下⼦就进⼊了我的⼤脑中枢3.“Understand what?”, my mind jumped in.“明⽩什么？”我脑海中突然跳出了这个问题。
4.The fax said that the earth is warming at 1.9 degrees each decade.传真说地球的温度正以每⼗年1.9度的速度上升。
U21. They might have thought him slow, but there was something else evident.⽗母差点就误认为他是反应迟钝，但有⼀个明显的事实打消了他们的疑虑。
高教大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 2Unit 5-passage b-难点精讲
1. When Christopher Reeve was picked to play his role in films in 1977, audiences across the country cheered with approval. 1977 年，克里斯托弗演超人系列电影，全国观众欢呼喝彩。
本句中when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中across the country 为主语audience 的定语。
play a role 扮演角色，起作用。
如：Mandela played a leading role in ending apartheid in South Africa. 德拉在结束南非种族隔离的运动中起了重要的作用。
2. He pitched forward over the horse’s head, landing on his own head—not moving, not even breathing. 他的身子飞过马的头顶，头部着地，摔了下来，一动不动，甚至没有呼吸。
本句中landing on his own head, ——not moving, not even breathing, 三个现在分词短语都作本句的状语，破折号后面的分词对当时的状况进行了更进一步的描述。
3. He thought perhaps it would be best if he simply gave up.他想放弃生存也许是最好的方案。
本句中it would be best if he simply gave up 为动词thought 的宾语从句，此宾语从句中还有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。
Gave up 指gave up his life.4. With these words, Christopher Reeve proved that although he had lost control of his body, he still had his courage, his spirit and his inner strength. 这些话证明，尽管他无法控制自己的身体，但仍拥有他的勇气，他的精神，他的内在力量。
高教大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导Book 2Unit 6-passage b-难点精讲
1. Another factor contributing to my weight gain was my love for cooking, especially rich, high-fat desserts, which I enjoyed preparing and, of course, eating. 体重增加的另外一个因素是我热爱烹饪，我特别喜欢做一些油腻，脂肪含量高的甜点，吃就更不用说了。
Paraphrase: Another reason of overweight was that I loved cooking, especially I loved rich, high fat desserts which I enjoyed preparing and eating very much.☺ 1)本句中“contributing to my weight gain”为“factor”的定语，而which 引导的为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“desserts”.2) contribute to sth. 为对某事起促进作用｜eg. Various factors contributed to his downfall.各种因素导致了他的倒台。
试比较：contribute sth. to : 捐献，捐助｜eg. The volunteers contribute huge amounts of their own time to the project. 志愿者把自己大量的时间都花在了这个计划上.2. I caught my reflection in a mirror and the truth hit me; I was overweight and unhealthy, and unless I did something about it now, I would only get bigger and unhappier. 我看见镜子里的自己，被看到的情景吓坏了；我超重，很不健康，要是再不采取任何措施的话，我会越来越胖，越来越不开心。
高级英语 下册学习资料
Lesson One The Company in Which I workWords and Expressions1 abdominal [ ] adj. 腹部的Of or relating to or near the abdomen2 bachelor [ ] n. 单身汉，光棍 A man who has never been married3 brood [ ] vi. 思虑，沉思Think moodily or anxiously about something4 bypass [ ] vt. 绕过，规避，回避Avoid something unpleasant or laborious5 corresponding [ ] adj. 相应的，相当的Similar especially in position or purpose6 courteous [ ] adj. 有礼貌的，谦恭的PoliteIt's courteous of you to write a letter of thanks to me.courtesy [ ] n. 礼貌，好意PolitenessThe young man did me the courtesy of opening the door for me.7 cranky [ ] adj. 古怪的，任性的Easily irritated or annoyed8 cramp [ ] n. 痉挛，抽筋 A painful and involuntary muscular contraction9 elation [ ] n. 兴高采烈，得意洋洋 A feeling of joy and prideHe jumped with elation when he won the prize.elated [ ] adj. 兴高采烈的Full of high-spirited delightHe was elated at what he did.10 distribution [ ] n. 经销，分发The act of distributing or spreading or apportioningThe Red Cross supervised the distribution of food and clothing to the flood victims.distribute [ ] v. 分发，散发distributing or spreadingHis property was distributed among his sons.distributive [ ] adj. 分配的，流通的Serving to distribute or allot or dispersedistributor [ ] n. 分发者，批发商Someone who markets merchandise11 envious [ ] adj. 嫉妒的That feels envy of another's possessionsHe is envious of his friend's success.envy [] n. 嫉妒，羡慕 A feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something possessed by anotherHe looked with envy at my new car.enviously [ ] adv. 嫉妒地With jealousy; in an envious manner12 fitfully [ ] adv. 一阵阵地，不时地In a fitful mannerHe distrusts me fitfully.fitful [ ] adj. 发作的，不规则的Intermittently stopping and startingHe has a fitful sleep.fit [ ] n. 疾病的发作，激发 A sudden uncontrollable attackShe had a fit of coughing.13 gloomily [ ] adv. 沮丧地，忧郁地With gloom14 goose-step [ ] vi. 按命令行动，规矩March in a military fashion15 gregarious [ ] adj. 合群的，群居的Tending to form a group with others of the same kind16 grudge [ ] n. 怨恨，恶意，不满 A resentment strong enough to justify retaliation17 honors [ ] n. 学位考试成绩优异The quality of being honorable and having a good namegraduate with honors 以优等的学位考试成绩毕业18 inducement [ ] n. 诱惑，刺激 A positive motivational influenceWhat is the inducement to commit crime?induce [ ] v. 引诱，诱发，导致Cause to ariseI was induced to change my mind.19 inescapable [ ] adj. 不可避免的That is unable to escape20 ingenious [ ] adj. 机灵的，有创造性的Skillful and creative21 malice [ ] n. 恶意，敌意The quality of threatening evilI bear no malice toward him.malicious [ ] adj. 有恶意的Having the nature of or resulting from malicemaliciously [ ] adv. 心怀恶意地With malice; in a malicious mannerHe looked at the boy maliciously.22 melancholy [ ] adj. 忧郁的，哀伤的 A feeling of thoughtful sadness23 monotony [ ] n. 单调，无聊The quality of wearisome constancy and lack of varietyMonotony of the job kills workers' creativity.monotonous [ ] adj. 单调的，无聊的Tediously repetitious or lacking in varietyMary is tired of the monotonous life.monotonously [ ] adv. 单调地，无变化地In a monotonous manner24 motivate [ ] v. 给以动机，激发Give an incentiveWhat motivated him to do such a thing?motivation [ ] n. 动机，意图The reason for the actionWe don't know his motivation.25 mourning [ ] n. 悲哀，哀伤State of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one26 photocopy [ ] vt. 影印Reproduce by xerographyphotocopying [ ] n. 影印，影印本Reproduce copy by xerography27 resounding [ ] adj. 声音洪亮的Ring or echo with sound; reverberate28 retarded [ ] adj. 发育迟缓的Slow the growth or development of29 scarlet [ ] adj. 鲜红的，猩红的Having any of numerous bright or strong colors reminiscent of the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies30 scrutiny [ ] n. 详细审查，查验 A prolonged intense look31 shrewd [ ] adj. 精明的，有判断力的Marked by practical hardheaded intelligence32 squander [ ] v. 浪费，挥霍Spend lavishly or wastefully on33 tedium [ ] n. 乏味，单调沉闷Dullness owing to length or slownessThe tedium of the job makes him feel tired.tedious [ ] adj. 乏味的，单调沉闷的So lacking in interest as to cause mental wearinessI hardly read that tedious book.tediously [ ] adv. 乏味地In a tedious mannertediousness [ ] n. 乏味，单调沉闷Dullness owing to length or slowness34 vanity [ ] n. 虚荣，自负Feelings of excessive pride35 widower [ ] n. 鳏夫 A man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried36 wreck [ ] vt. 毁灭，毁坏Ruin37 drain [ ] v. 耗尽Flow off or away gradually38 rage [ ] n. 愤怒Anger39 verge [ ] n. 边缘 A region marking a boundary40 strain [ ] v. 尽力To exert much effort or energy41 incur [ ] v. 招致，产生bring upon oneself42 prominent [ ] adj. 卓越的，著名的Having a quality that thrusts itself into attention43 civic [] adj. 公民的Of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals44 thrive [ ] v. 兴旺，旺盛Grow stronger45 irritable [ ] adj. 烦躁的Abnormally sensitive to a stimulus46 reputable [ ] adj. 信誉好的Having a good reputation47 dumb [ ] adj. 笨的Slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity48 evade [ ] v. 躲避Avoid or try to avoid, as of duties, questions and issues49 drop dead 筋疲力尽50 rejoice [ ] v. 使欣喜，高兴Feel happiness or joy51 compliment [ ] n. 称赞 A remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration52 letdown [ ] n. 失落 A feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized53 rivalry [ ] n. 竞争，敌对状态The act of competing as for profit or a prizeText Explanation1 All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition.All of them are elderly now and are exhausted, both physically and mentally, by long years of striving to fulfill theirambition for success.2 They seem…always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators.They always show good manners and do not say a word when they ride with others in the elevators that all companymembers can use.3 They …make promotions…They … decide who are given higher positions…4 …and allow their names to be used on ann ouncements that are prepared and issued by somebody else.These announcements have to bear their names to be authoritative. Although they do not prepare and issue theseannouncements, they must allow their names to be used on them.5 Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company (not even the people who are credited with running it), but thecompany does run.Even the managers at different levels who are thought to be managing the company don't know who really manages thecompany. This is because their responsiblities are limited. They are also afraid of their superiors. They appear to be runningthe company, but they do not have the final say. Nevertheless, the company goes in working order.6 I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take his time and delay their delivery to people who have animmediate need for them.I will ignore him on most of our assignments and deliver them directly to people who need them. I prefer to do so becauseI do not want to take up his time and delay their delivery.7 Green distrusts me fitfully.Green distrusts me from time to time.8 He truns scarlet with rage and embarrassment if he has not seen or heard of it.His face turns red because of rage and embarrassment. He is extremely angry because the narrator does not showdue repect to him as his boss. He feels embarrassed because it is considered his neglect of duty not to have seen orheard of it.9 They are always on trial…They are always examined to see how well they do…10 The strain, …, to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.They work hard…to make their performances look good in written form, even if their performances may not be thatgood in reality. And there are a lot of documents such as records and reports, on which they have to make themselveslook good.11 When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.When they are doing badly, that is, when they fail to sell products, they are getting along terribly, that is, they are havinga terrible time.12 When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account…When a salesman obtains a large order of goods from a client or brings in an important new account receivable…13 They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps or brooding miserably about the future.Apart from this physical trouble in digestion, they are also worried about their future. Otherwise they are vigorous, strugglingfor success.14 who he feels has a grudge against him and is determined to wreck his careerwho he feels has resentment against him and is determined to ruin his careers. This reveals the horrible human relationshipin the corporation. People bear ill will against each other.15 that they squander generously on other people in and out of the company.that they are generous in spending money on other people.16 The company, in fact, will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur there…The company encourages salesmen to establish good relationship with their clients, so it will pay the fees for them to bemembers of country clubs, and pay them back the money they spend there.17 …it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executives and their wives orparticipate with them in responsible civic affairs.This is to indicate the danger of possible love affairs between unmarried salesman and the wives of prominent executives.With such a fear, prominent executives don't like to mix socially with unmarried salesmen. Yet prominent executives arethe company's important clients, whom it cannot afford to lose. So the company does not employ unmarried salesmen inorder to avoid such a difficult and dangerous situation.18 They thrive on explicit guidance toward clear objectives.They succeed and become prosperous by following their boss's clearly expressed guidance.19 There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables him not only be a salesman,but to want to be one.A man must have some special character and temperament to want to be a salesman.20 …all that does matter is that the information come form a reputable source.…what is important is that the information should come from a respected source. So long a s the source is reputable,they don't mind whether or not the information suits their individual case.21 They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it.This satirizes the nature of their work, which is to use some clever ways to cover up reality.22 …in converting whole truths into half truths and half truths into whole ones.…in changing the whole truth into a half truth and changing a half truth into the whole truth. In either case, deception is done.23 I am continuously astonished by people in the company who do fall victim to their own propaganda.This is a satire on the people who are deceived by their own propaganda.to fall victim to something: to become a victim of, or be deceived by something.24 who graduated from a good business school with honors.who graduated from a good business school with special excellence, or at a level higher than the most basic level.This implies that they shouldn't have been deceived since they are intelligent people.25 We goose-step in and goose-step out, change our partners and wander all about, and go back home till we all drop dead."to goose-step" originally means to march without bending the knees.We get inot and out of the company in a seemingly important but actually foolish manner. After work, we go out withpeople from other departments instead of our working partners and stay out late having fun and then go back home tillwe are so tired out as to fall asleep at once. We live like this day after day till we die.26 This makes my boredom worse.This makes me feel even more bored.27 I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receiveI feel extremely proud and self-conceited when I receive compliments.28 I began constructing tables of organization…I began making systematic arrangements by way of tables…A table is a list of facts, information, etc. arranged in columns.29 I call these charts my Happiness Charts.Happiness Charts are charts in which one can find happiness. Only when he was arranging these charts could he forgetabout his agony and feel happy.30 These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits…Every time I do these exercises with ill desire to harm others, I feel I am in a much better mood…This is a dark satire on his inability to do anything against those he dislikes.31 to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred meritto those young people the company is not yet an organization that has any important worth. If the company has anyexcellence that is extremely important to them, they will be loyal and stick to the company, instead of taking it as atemporary place to work.32 …he would give you a resounding No!, regardless of what inducem ents were offered.…no matter what incentives might be offered, he would still say loudly that he would not work for the company all his life.33 He makes it clear to me every now and then that…He makes it clear to me from time to time that…every now and then: from time to time 时而，不时He goes shopping with his wife every now and then.34 And I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time…And I will not let him know on most of our assignments in order not to occupy his time…take up one's time: occupy one's time 占用某人的时间You shouldn't take up the manager's time.35 Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial.Most of the work we do in my department is of small importance ultimately.in the long run: ultimately 最终地，终极地He will lose money in the longrun.36 They are…, always on the verge of failure…They are always on the border of failure.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of 处于……的边缘The bride was on the verge of committing sucide.37 for fear they may start doing worse.They are afraid that they may start doing worse.for fear: in order that…should not occur 以免…；唯恐...I daren't tell you what he did, for fear he should be angry with me.38 For the most part, they are cheerful, confident and gregarious…In most cases, they are happy, confident and easy-going…for the most part: in most cases, mostly 多半，就绝大部分而言The students could for the most part follow my lecture.For the ost part, she knows her husband well.Lesson Two EvelineWords and Expressions1 air [ ] n. 曲调Melody2 anguish [ ] n. 心灵上的极度痛苦Extreme mental distressHe has been in anguish since his wife died.anguished [ ] adj. 痛苦的PainfulShe was anguished and furious, seeing her father beaten by the soldiers.3 be laid up 病倒在床4 blackthorn [ ] n. 黑刺李 A thorny Eurasian bush with plumlike fruits5 Bohemian [ ] adj. 波希尼亚（人）的Bohemian [ ] n. 波希尼亚（人）6 bonnet [ ] n. 无檐女帽 A hat tied under the chin7 bronze [ ] n. 青铜，青铜色 A sculpture made of bronzebronze [ ] v. 被晒黑Get a tan, form wind or sun 8 Buenos Ayres [ ] n. 布宜诺斯艾利斯（阿根廷首都）9 cinder [ ] n. 煤渣 A fragment of incombustible matter left after a wood or coal or charcoal fire10 cretonne [ ] n. 印花装饰布An unglazed heavy fabric; brightly printed11 cripple [ ] n. 跛子，残废的人Someone whose legs are disabledcripple [ ] vt. 使残废，严重地损坏Deprive of the use of a limb, esp. a leg12 elated [ ] adj. 兴高采烈的Exultantly proud and joyful; in high spirits13 elbow one's way 用胳膊肘推挤前进14 fervent [ ] adj. 热切的，强烈的Sincerely or intensely feltThe overseas Chinese have a fervent love for China.fervently [ ] adv. 热烈地，热心地With passionate fervorfervency [ ] n. 热烈，热情Feelings of great warmth and intensityThe football players were moved by fervency of the fans.15 frenzy [ ] n. 狂乱，激动State of violent mental agitationThe old man is always in a frenzy of rage.frenzied [ ] adj. 狂乱的Excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotionLots of Chinese died during the Japanese frenzied aggression.16 go for somebody 袭击某人17 harmonium [ ] n. 风琴18 have an edge on somebody 压过某人19 inhale [ ] vt. 吸入，吸气Draw in by breathingHe went out to inhale fresh air.inhalation[ ] n. 吸入，吸入剂The act of inhalingThe inhalation of gas caused her fall into a coma （昏厥）.inhaler [ ] n. 吸入者，吸入器Produces a chemical vapor to be inhaled in order to relieve nasal congestion20 invariable[ ] adj. 不变的，恒定的Not liable to or capable of changeThe invariable squabble for money with her husband made her decide to divorce.invariably [ ] adv. 不变地，恒定地In an invariable mannerinvariability [ ] n. 不变，不变性The quality of being resistant to variationPlease pay attention to its invariablility.21 keep nix [ ] 警戒22 lass [ ] n. 姑娘Girl23 maze [ ] n. 混乱，迷惑，迷宫Complex system of paths or tunnels24 mournful [ ] adj. 哀伤的，伤感的Expressing sorrowmourn [ ] v. 哀悼，哀痛Fell sadnessPeople mourned for the dead in the war.mourner [ ] n. 哀悼者，送葬者 A person who is grieving over someone who has diedmourning [ ] n. 哀悼，丧服State of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved onePeople in that country expressed their mourning for the king.25 muse [ ] v.&n. 沉思，冥想Think about at length and in depth26 nausea [ ] n. 恶心Disgust so strong it makes you feel sick；sickness27 nostril [ ] n. 鼻孔28 (where, what…) on earth 究竟，到底29 palpitation [ ] n. 心脏砰砰跳动 A rapid and irregular heart beat30 pitiful [ ] adj. 可怜的Inspiring mixed contempt and pity31 porthole [ ] n. 舷窗 A window in a ship or airplane32 quay [] n. 码头Usually built parallel to the shoreline33 quick [ ] n. 感觉敏锐部位，核心Any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain34 spell [ ] n. 魅力，迷惑力，咒符 A verbal formula believed to have magical force35 squabble [ ] n.&v. 口角，争吵Petty quarrel；Argue over petty thingsShe always squabbles with her husband.squabbler [ ] n. 口角者Someone who quarrelsThe two squabblers became good friends at last.36 strut [ ] vi. 趾高气扬地走To walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others37 the Straits of Magellan 麦哲伦海峡38 tumble [ ] v. 弄乱，摔倒，翻滚Fall down, as if collapsing；Roll over and over, back and forth39 unaccustomed [ ] adj. 不习惯的Not habituated to; unfamiliar with40 undesirable [ ] adj. 令人不快的Not desirable; unpleasant41 unspeakably [ ] adv. 难以形容地Indescribably42 invade [ ] v. 侵略，笼罩To intrude upon,infringe, encroach on, violate43 clack [ ] v.&n. 噼啪响，嘎吱嘎吱响Make a clucking sounds44 priest [ ] n. 神父 A spiritual leader in a non-Christian religion45 consent [ ] v. 同意Give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to46 weary [ ] v. 疲倦，厌倦Exhaust or tire though overuse or great strain or stress47 court [ ] v. 求爱，恋爱Engage in social activities leading to marriage48 chap [ ] n. 家伙，小伙子 A boy or man49 sway [ ] v. 摇摆，摇动Move back and forth, like a ship50 illumine [ ] v. 照亮Make lighter or brighter51 clang [ ] v. 叮当地响Make a loud noise, as if striking metalText Explanation1 She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.It doesn't mean that she would still cry a little. The meaning is negative, indicating she would not feel sorry or sad to leave the Stroes.2 People would treat her with respect then.In those days a married woman was more worthy of respect than an unmarried woman.3 …and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake.But for the sake of her dead mother, he said he would beat her.…并且说，要不是看在她死去的母亲的份上，看他会怎么对付她。
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翻译1.Robyn peered through a Perspex window and watched things moving round….that looked like milky coffee.罗玢从一个有机玻璃窗里往里凝视，看着一些东西像突然抽了筋一样转来转去，进进出出，喷出一种看上去像牛奶咖啡似的液体给机器加油润滑。
2.There was something uncanny ,almost obscene….and retreating ,like some steely reptile devouring its prey.在罗玢的眼里，这台机器运动突然，猛烈，但受控制地向前一冲，又往后一退，真有点儿刁钻古怪，甚至流里流气，活像某种钢铁爬虫在吞食猎物。
3.She swept her arm round in a gesture that embraced the oil-laden atmosphere,……the worn ,soiled ugliness ofeverything.她膀子一甩，做出一个姿势，把那油腻腻的空气，轰隆隆的机器，丁丁当当的金属，哼哼唧唧的电动台车，以及烂糟糟、脏兮兮、丑陋怪异的一切，都包揽了进去。
4.This summer Belgian scientists plan to put motion ……by groups of pedestrians according to their walking speed.这个夏天比利时科学家计划在交通信号灯上安装移动侦测照相机，它能够根据行人的步速调整所需要的时间。
5.Digital pets may be fine for little kids , but …………………romantic ,materialistic ,needy or independent.电子宠物对孩子来说可能是很好的，但成人需要一些更加实际的东西。
浪漫的人现在能够用”虚拟爱人”这种中国游戏来排遣寂寞。
这一游戏让玩家可以和四种不同类型的人进行模拟约会：浪漫型的，物质型的，贫穷的或独立型的。
6. A software developer in japan has discovered a way…….by monitoring brain-wave activity.日本的一名软件研发者发现通过监测脑波活动能够帮助严重残疾的人获得某种程度的独立。
7.Put off by the great car theft , BMG Interactive ’s new game,…….has demanded that the software be banned throughoutthe country.继Great Car Theft游戏之后，BMG Interactive的新游戏让玩家通过偷盗、谋杀、贩毒，成为头号公敌。
警察署要求全国禁止这一游戏软件。
8.Police are particularly sensitive to this issue because of ……..and violence in impoverished neighborhoods.警察对此事件极为敏感，这是因为最近贫困地区的警察枪击与暴力事件让人们对警察产生了偏见，再加上他们的腐败，使警察的声誉与威望不断下降。
9.The Western custom of shaking hands is spreading rapidly ………but often a nod or slight bow ie sufficient.西方握手这一习俗很快盛行,现在可能成为最习惯性的问候方式。
但有时点头或握手就足够了。
10.Generally speaking the Chinese are not a touch-oriented society.一般来说，中国人不喜欢亲密接触。
11.Public displays of affection are very rare.在公共场合下亲昵行为是很少见的。
12.Stroking an imaginary beard signifies that someone ‘s comment is old and worn.听话者抚摸下巴意味着说话者的观点是陈旧迂腐的。
13.Bear in mind this is a “pretended” kiss ,with the cheeks just brushing plus a kissing motion.不过，请记住这只是一个嘴唇轻轻划过脸颊，作足了吻状的假吻而已。
14.Canadians in these provinces are described as ”friendly”“somewhat reserved” and “on the conservative side “ therefore,excessive gesturing is not common.这些省份的加拿大人多被形容为“友好”“有些保守”“比较传统”，所以不宜有过分亲热的举止。
15.The eyes are the windows of the soul.眼睛是心灵的窗户16.Any display of more intimate areas of the body is disliked.沙特人不喜欢看到别人身体比较私密的地方17.Many upper class Saudis have been educated in the West or have carefully learned Western ways , ……….no touching,larger spaces ,and so on.许多上层的沙特人在西方接受教育或者已认真地学习了西方的生活方式，他们对西方的风俗非常熟悉，因此他们会紧紧握住你的手，不会触碰你，隔得也较远。
18.Smoking of cigarettes in public is not common. However ,in some Saudi location……may be passed around among thosepresent.公共场合吸烟是不常见的。
不过在沙特的某些地区，一种叫做hooka的公共水烟筒可以在在场人中传来传去。
19.These destinations are often remote areas, whether inhabited or uninhabited, and….communal or private level.目的地常常是偏远地区，有人居住或者无人居住，通常是国家自然保护区，世界自然保护区或者地方自然保护区。
20.Ecotourism strives to minimize the adverse effects of hotels, and other ……..and environmentally and culturally sensitivearchitectural design.生态旅游则致力于利用可循环再利用资源﹑当地众多建筑资源﹑可再生能源，安全处理废物和垃圾并循环再利用，对保护当地的风土人情﹑生态风貌及其建筑保持高度敏感，从而将对宾馆，道路和其他设施的破坏最小化。
21.Well before departure tour operators should supply travelers with…….as well as a code of conduct for both the travelerand the industry.旅游前，旅游组织者要给游客提供相关书面资料介绍当地政府﹑环境和居民的情况，明确旅游双方的行为规范和职责。
22.Essential to good ecotourism are well-trained ,multilingual guides with skills in natural and cultural history,environmentalism and ethics.好的生态旅游必须拥有训练有素的导游，会说多种语言，谙熟自然及文化历史﹑环境影响论和民族文化。
其次，生态旅游计划应该帮助教育景区居民和学生及周边地区广大人民。
23.National Parks and other conservation areas will only survive if there are “happy people” around their perimeters.只有拥有了周边的“支持者”，国家公园和其他自然保护区才可以生存。
24.Campsites , lodges, guide services, restaurants and other concessions should be run by or in partnership withcommunities surrounding a park or other tourist destination.宿营地，旅馆，导游和饭馆等地方当局授予使用权的均由当地社区或相关部门运营或合作经营。
25.Ecotourism is not only “greener” but also less culturally intrusive and exploitative than conventional tourism.与传统旅游相比，生态旅游不仅更绿色而且更利于保护民族文化。
26.Clearly this is a tan order to fill and it is highly doubtful that any one project or operator can claim to meet all thesecriteria.这显然是一个很高的要求。
似乎没有哪一个旅游计划或组织者能声称自己的旅游符合生态旅游的所有标准。
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