to do 讲义
大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义
视频互动讲义二解惑：★set about：出发，开始，着手set aside：拒绝，忽视，挑出set back：推迟，阻碍set down：卸下，记下，放下set forth：阐明，陈述★set off：出发，引起，使发生★set out(to do)：打算，着手set up：建立，树立，资助lonely：形容词，寂寞的，孤单的；★alone：形容词，独自一人的；副词，独立，仅仅。
late：形容词，迟的，晚的；lately：副词，最近，不久前,later 随后，稍后对于单词词性和词组含义上的比较及用法上的区别，希望大家能点滴积累，脚踏实地地强行记忆，这对战胜英语二极为有利。
一、第三单元重点内容回顾Text A1.not any(no) longer：注意词组含义和any的用法。
2.★weak----weaken：注意词性转换，同时关注主、被动含义。
3.help sb. do(with)：注意后面用原形动词。
4.be affected with：注意词组含义。
5.recover----recovery：注意词性上的转换。
6.permit----permission：注意词性上的转换。
7.technique----technical----technically----★technician：注意词性上的转换。
8.legal(ly)----illegal(ly)：注意词意反差。
(in law/out of law)9.★carry out：注意词组含义，总结与carry有关的词组。
10.★in addition to----in addition：注意词组在含义，完型与词汇常考。
11.c are(careless) for：注意词组含义。
12.★★oppose to=object to=against：注意含义，to后应用动名词形式。
13.s hort----★shorten----shortening：注意词性转换。
不定式to-do的作用
I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。
(3)表示过去未实实现的想法和愿望：I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。
We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的。
4.不定式完成进行式的用法表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作：You seem to have been writing very long. 你好像已经写了很久了。
The battle was said to have been going on for two days. 据说战斗已经进行两天了。
5.不定式被动语态的用法不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式，往往取决于句子的意思，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式：Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗?It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，以后见分晓。
I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity.给了我这次机会我很高兴。
注：有关不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的内容，参见本讲义“被动语态”之内容。
句子中的作用:1. 作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。
To remember this is very important. 记住这一点很重要。
注：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it：It’s very import ant to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
todo不定式主表被用法讲义高考英语二轮复习
To do 不定式主表被用法一. 动宾结构中的to do1. 主谓宾（宾语有不定式做后置定语）如果句子主干是动宾结构, 而不定式做宾语的后置定语，此时不定式与宾语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系，那么用主动不用被动。
eg：I have a meeting to attend. ( I attend a meeting)eg：I have some food to eat. ( I eat some food)eg：We have many difficulties to overe. (We overe many difficulties.)总结：此时，整个句子的主语可以新句子的主语，不定式可以处理成谓语，而原来的宾语还是宾语。
这样的句子结构，一定不用to be done.2. 主谓双宾（宾语有不定式做后置定语）如果句子有双宾，不定式修饰直宾，不定式与直宾之间仍然构成逻辑上的主谓关系，那么用主动不用被动。
eg：He gave me some books to read. (I read some books) eg：I will show you the right path to take. (You take the path.)总结：这类句子不太多，没有太多好例句。
注意（只能用被动）：以上两种动宾结构用主动，最根本的原因是不定式与宾语也构成动宾关系。
但如果不能构成动宾关系，那就用被动。
eg：My boss asks the project to be finished in two weeks. 这里的project 不是主语My boss去做，根据逻辑关系，是让我去做。
因此这个句子不能改成My boss finishes the project.因此不能用不定式的主动语态，只能用被动语态。
3. 主谓宾+形容词宾补+不定式这种结构中宾语与不定式之间，有一个宾补。
而宾语基本都是形容词。
这种结构跟下文的系表结构其实道理是一样的。
特殊疑问词+to-do上课讲义
特殊疑问词+t o-d o1. 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的宾语。
疑问词包括疑问代词 what 、which 、who 和疑问副词how 、when 、where 等。
但所有疑问词中，只有why 不可以和动词不定式连用。
2. 常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的动词及短语有：know 、learn 、see 、hear 、ask 、tell 、advise 、decide 、explain 、find out.另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是 sure 、clear 等的形容词 翻译：(1)我不知道该做什么。
I don’t know what to do.(2)你怎么知道在那里可以找到我？How did you know where to find me ?(3)我不确定下面该做什么。
I am not sure what to do next.3.注意：（1）有些动词，如advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等，其后可以接双宾语。
（2）有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much 等，其后先接一个名词再接动词不定式。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以做主语和表语。
（4）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
练习：（1）Sandy 问我怎样去那。
Sandy asks me how to go there.（2）他不知道该带多少钱。
He doesn’t know how much money to take.（3）何时开始是一个问题。
When to start is a question.（4）我的问题是在哪里可以找到答案。
My question is where to find the answer.一、单项选择（）1. —I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you ?—I haven’t decided where ______.A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go（）2. I haven’t decided when _____a holiday yet.A. tookB. takingC. to takeD. take（）3.—Can I help you ,dear?—Yeah, I do not know_____ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can help me.A. what to doB. when to makeC. how to makeD. why to do二、句型转换(同义句转换）1. He showed me how I can start the online tour.She showed me the online tour.2. I don’t know what he said.I don’t know _______ ______ _______.3. Tom forgot when he met his friendsTom forgot _____ ______ ______his friends.4. Sandy is wondering where she asks for help.Sandy is wondering _______ ________ ________ for help.5. Amy does not know how she writes the report.Amy does not know _____ _______ _______ the report。
2021届中考英语《第十三章：英语的非谓语动词》复习讲义 - 副本
第十三章非谓语动词非谓语动词是指不能作谓语的动词形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分间和过去分词。
非谓语动词是历年中考考查的重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是学生难以掌握的语法点。
考查重点主要有动词不定式与动名词作宾语的固定拼配，现在分词与过去分词作形容词的区别，动词不定式的各种用法。
学习过程中要多做练习，夯实基础。
内容导视知识点1动词不定式知识点2动名词知识点3现在非常知识点4过去分词知识详单知识点1动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
不定式可以带宾语状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
1.不定式的结构结构例句一般式主动:to do She was invited by the school to speak to the newstudents.她受到学校的邀请为新生讲话。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会议很重要。
被动:to be done进行时主动:to be doing He pretended to be reading a book when Icame in.当我进来时，他假装在看书。
完成时主动:to have done We seem to have met somewhere.我们仿佛在哪儿见过。
This book is reported to have been translated into German.据报道，这本书已经被译成德语。
被动:to have beendone【知识拓展】不定式的完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，“to have done”表示主动、完成，而“to have been done”表示被动，完成。
完成进行时主动:to have beendoing(表示动作在谓语动作发生之前一直在进行)John is said to have been working in that computercompany since then.据说约翰自从那时以来一直在那家电脑公司工作。
非谓语动词分词,动名词,不定式,过去分词比较讲义1
非谓语动词一主语（一）1.To know oneself is difficult.2.Learning without practice is not good.3.Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering.4.It’s impo rtant to master a foreign language.5.It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.6.It's a waste of time arguing about it.动词原形是不能作主语的。
动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加ing构成动名词来做主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来做主语。
Playing basketball is my favorite sport. (“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。
)To go to a key college is his dream. (“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式)有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词。
Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.（二）用it作形式主语（1）It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join usIt is no use doing sth.It is funIt is uselessIt is no goodIt is niceIt is a waste of timeIt is a pleasure(2)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…,kind, cruel, nice, good ,foolish, silly, stupid, wise, clever, brave, selfish, crazy, careless, rude, impolite, wrong, grateful, generous, considerate, thoughtful(3)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary…(4) It is +a/an +名词+ to do...It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do(5)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…(6)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk1._______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed2.To answer correctly is more important than _____.A. that you finish quicklyB. finishing quicklyC. to finish quicklyD. finish quickly3.__________ now seems impossible.A. Saving moneyB. To save moneyC. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money4.He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had6.What do you think made Mary so upset?_______ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing7.It’s a waste of time ____________ this.A. discussB. discussingC. to discussedD. discussed(二) 宾语They didn't mind being treated like guests.He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg.1. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday.A. us to put offB. putting offC. us of putting offD. our put off2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived.A. finishing to cleanB. finishing cleaningC. to finish cleaningD. to finish to clean（1）afford, ask, agree, arrange, attempt, care, choose, demand, decide, desire ,expect, fail, help, hope, hesitate, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish （2）advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, postpone(推迟)，delay, deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up, can’t help,（3）think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, lo ok forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in,1.She enjoys __________ light music.A. to hearB. hearingC. listening toD. to listen to2.We asked ___ to work in the countryside.A. to be sentB. to sendC. to be sendingD. sending3.There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered4.You can keep the book until you __________.A. have finished readingB. finish to readC. will finish readingD. have finished to read5.Can you imagine yourself __________ on a desert island?A. stayingB. stayC. have stayedD. being stayed6.Almost everyone fails __________ on the first try.A. in passing his driver’s testB. to pass his driver’s testC. to have passed his driver’s testD. passing his driver’s test7.When he got off the train, it happened __________.A. to rainB. to be rainingC. rainingD. to raining8.The young driver offered _________ the patient out of the car.A. to handB. handingC. handsD. would hand9.Ali said that she wouldn’t mind _________ alone at home.A. leftB. being leftC. to be leftD. leaving（4）有些动词后即可用动名词也可以不定式做宾语（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。
非谓语动词不定式形式讲义(高中英语)
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不定式做表语 ① 表示主语的职业、职责、性质等 I found a part-time job, which is to guide the patients. Our duty is to help those people find their parents. ② 主语是aim, purpose, idea, intention, plan, wish, decision, choice等词 The intention of this book is to introduce popular science My wish is to travel around the world.
不定式的完成进行式
（3）完成进行式：to have been doing Robin is known to have been studying abroad for a while, but we don’t know which country.. 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作谓语动词动作发生之前一直在进行 。
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不定式做宾语
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语 （不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面， . ☞Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
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不定式做状语
① 表目的： ☞He worked day and night to get the money. ☞She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. ☆ 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： 请判断以下几个句子是否正确:
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词一．非谓语动词：动词的某种特殊形式，在句子中做除谓语外的其他成分。
分类：动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。
二．动词不定式：构成：to do。
否定形式：not to do .发生。
eg: I plan to live a busy life in high school.She seems to be unhappy.The computer needs to be repaired.完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The house seems to have been broken into.进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg: She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.He happened to be searching my bag when I came in.2.句法功能：(1)做主语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
It is adj for/of sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是It is impossible for me to live alone in Beijing.It is not easy to find your way around the town.(2)做宾语：afford, agree, aim, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, want, wish, promise, happeneg: She has determined to be a leader.注: 如果不定式做宾语，且后面有宾补时，把不定式后置，用it来做形式宾语。
非谓语动词讲义
高考英语语法系列之---非谓语动词非谓语动词：to do,doing,done1to do的用法归类❖❖❖❖❖❖作主语To see is to believe.sth important to do,the first/last/only person to do,be considered to be，被认为是作定语作补语疑问词+to do介词不能省I wonder how to do it/what to doI need a pen to write with.He doesn`t have a house to live in. but(只能)前有do后无to We can do nothing but wait.We have no option but to move on.➢➢➢动词接to do短语接to do句型接to dointend to do tend to do mean to do pretend to dobe supposed to do,sb be to blame,require sb to do only to doIt suddenly occurred to sb that.....某人突然明白It is+形容词+to doIt takes+人+时间+to do sth◆to do表目的，将来-----to be done想要被-----to have done已经e.g.To win the Oscar Award,the actor is supposed to have outstanding acting skills.e.g.To be admitted to the world-class universities,students are expected to present excellentschool performance.e.g.The designer seems to have known the truth.2doing用法归类❖❖❖❖作主语 e.g.Swimming benefits your body a lot.e.g.One of the most effective exercise is jogging.e.g.We benefit from reading.作宾语介词后动名词所有格 e.g.I really appreciate your coming from so far to assist us.➢➢动词接doing短语接doingconsider doing,avoid doing,include doing,escape doing,can`t help doing,feel like doing,devote...to doing sth,can`t stand doingget down to doing,be committed to doing sth,be accustomed to doing,be worth doing,end up doing,spend time doing,while doing,have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth,look forward to doing,➢句型接doing It is useless/no use/no good/pointless doing sthWhen it comes to doing sth,There is a note on the door saying when the shop will open again. 3done的用法归类❖❖❖➢➢被动语态be done be permitted,be admitted,be exposed to,have/get sth done have the house painted,get the tooth pulled,have the hair cut,作形容词“...的”the hidden treasure,the broken cup,the lost pet dog,短语接remain to be done有待于被...句型接It is reported/said/estimated that....4 大综合类❖ forget to doforget doingremember to do remember doing regret to do regret doing sth stop to do stop doing ❖ find sb/sth doingfind sb/sth donefind sth to be done 发现某人正在做 find the machine running find the machine stolen find him to be dishonest 发现某事已经... 发现某事... ❖ leave sth/sb doingleave sth doneleave sb to do使某人处于某种状态（主动进行） leave sb waiting 使某事未做 让某人去做 留下某事要做 leave the issue unsettled leave sb to complete the project leave the secret to be discovered leave sth to be done❖ ❖ 3 看(watch, see, observe)2 听(listen to, hear)1 注意(notice) +doing (动作正在进行）I heard someone singing in the park. sb +do (动作的过程） + done(被动） I often hear someone sing in the park. I heard a pop song sung. 3 个小使役（make, let, have +sb/sth +动词原形）使某人做某事e.g. Laws make him obey the rules and regulations.物+need/want/require + doing = to be done某物需要.... e.g. The floor needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.❖ ❖ ❖When+doing...,When +done..., When knowing the outcome, he was speechless. When offered advice, he was willing to take it. doing 主动进行, done 被动完成, to do 表目的/将来 Doing .....,整句.Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him. ✓ ✓ Done ......,整句. Seen from the mountain top, the village is amazing.Faced w ith the dilemma, he hesitated. Having checked a ll the lights were off, he entered the bedroom.位于 ✓ ✓ Having done...,整句. “已经...之后，又...” 句首 Having been done..., 整句. Having been told several times, he still repeated the“已经被...之后，又...” same mistake.✓ 整句，doing....前后句同一个主语--主动 表示伴随--主动 e.g.Thousands of people stayed up last night, waiting for the annual Singles` Day online shopping carnival. e.g. There are various aspects, including reading, writingand listening.位于 句尾 ✓ 整句，done.... e,g. He walked in the park, followed by his pet dog. People living in the southern part are wealthy. The meeting being held now is of great importance. The meeting held yesterday was important....名词+doing.... 主动关系 被动关系 位于 ...名词+being done.... 句中 ...名词+ done.... ...名词+ to be done.... 将来/目的 The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. ● 历年真题并熟练翻译1. 【2014 全国 2】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _____(be) late for school.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _______(stop). Still, the boy kept _______(ride).。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词宏观概念：（1）to do :将要做、未做、待做（2）doing:正在做、伴随状态,表示主动关系（3）Done:已经做完，表示被动关系不定式的功能（除了谓语都能做）1.不定式做主语：2.不定式做宾语：3.不定式做表语：.4.不定式做定语：.5.不定式做状语：6.不定式做宾语补足语：7.动名词的功能（因为名贵，所以干的都是主要功能）1.doing做主语：2.doing做宾语：3.doing做表语：4.doing做定语：5.doing做状语：（一个主语发出两个动作，主要动作用谓语，次要动作用非谓语，主动用doing、被动用done）6.doing做宾语补足语：7.现在分词的否定：8.现在分词的独立成分：9.现在分词的独立主格结构：（两个主语发出两个动作，主要主语做的事情用谓语，次要主语做的事情用非谓语，把次要主要摆在前面，和后面的动词如果是主动关系用doing,被动关系用done）Xiao ming beaten ,I cried.(独立主格，被动)Xiao ming beating a girl , I cried.(独立主格，主动)Beaten,I cried.(不是独立主格。
一个人做了两件事，次要动作用非谓语，被动)10.现在分词的主动表被动：过去分词的功能（因为是分身，所以干杂活）1.过去分词做表语：（一种表示被动一种表示状态或者感受）Seat 及物动词，所以有被动sb be seated (可以说是被动，也可以说是一种状态) Sit 不及物动词，所以没有被动sb is sitting.Dress 是及物动词，dress sb =sb be dressed(可以表示被动，可以表示状态)He is dressing himself（及物动词，必须挂着一个宾语）He is dressed up （被动，be dressed ,up 是副词，表示起来；be dressed up 可以看做一个词组，表示状态，化妆）2.过去分词做定语：（表示被动）3.过去分词做状语：（要么被动，要么状态）4.过去分词做宾语补足语：Have 的用法让某人做某事让某人一直做某事让别人人做某事，某事被做。
to do不定式作后置定语讲义 高考英语复习
to do不定式作后置定语一、常见情况：1、只能以不定式作定语的名词：ability、anxiety、attempt、curiosity、decision、desire、disposition、failure、freedom、inclination、obligation、offer、permission、plan、promise、refusal、reluctance、temptation、tendency、willingness、wish、yearning等表示愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词。
例：Their decision to leave was very annoying.=Their decision that they decided to leave was very annoying. 他们要走的决定叫人心烦。
2、修饰的名词前有the only，the next，the best，the first、the last以及有序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词时，用不定式作后置定语。
例：He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这一点的人。
3、修饰的词语是something、nothing、anything等不定代词时，只能用不定式作后置定语。
例：There is nothing to worry about. 没什么需要担心的事情。
4、当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时，要用不定式作后置定语。
例：The letter to be written is to my father. 这封即将要写的信是写给我爸爸的。
5、当被修饰的名词或代词与定语之间有动宾关系时，被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，用不定式作后置定语。
可改成定语从句。
例：This is a delicious cake for you to eat.=This is a delicious cake for you which you can eat.这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。
to do作祈使句
to do作祈使句To Do: The Power of Imperative SentencesIntroductionImperative sentences, commonly known as "commands" or "requests," are essential tools in communication. With their concise and direct nature, imperative sentences convey instructions, suggestions, or obligations. In this article, we will explore the significance and versatility of the imperative form, also commonly referred to as the "to do" construction.1. Influencing OthersImperative sentences have an inherent power to influence others. By using a commanding tone combined with clear instructions, speakers or writers can effectively communicate their intentions. For instance, when a parent says "Clean your room," or a supervisor instructs an employee to "Submit the report by tomorrow," the imperative form creates a sense of urgency and importance.2. Expressing Urgency and ImportanceThe imperative form is particularly useful when time is of the essence or when an action is critical. For example, in emergency situations, commands such as "Call 911" or "Run!" grab attention and prompt immediate action. By bypassing unnecessary details, speakers can focus on conveying the urgency and gravity of a situation.3. Giving Clear InstructionsOne of the primary functions of imperative sentences is to provide clear and concise instructions. From DIY tutorials to cooking recipes, imperative sentences are employed to guide readers or listeners through a series of steps. For example, a recipe might instruct you to "Preheat the oven to 180°C" or "Stir the mixture for two minutes." By using imperative sentences, the instructions become more straightforward and easy to follow.4. Enhancing Persuasion TechniquesImperative sentences can be a powerful tool in persuasive language. When framing requests or making suggestions, using the imperative form can convey a stronger sense of authority and confidence. For instance, in advertising, phrases such as "Try our new product today" or "Don't miss out on this limited offer" aim to entice potential customers to take immediate action.5. Establishing Boundaries and AssertivenessIn personal and professional communication, imperative sentences play a crucial role in setting boundaries and expressing assertiveness. By using phrases like "Please respect my privacy" or "Do not interrupt me during meetings," individuals can clearly state their expectations and assert their rights without ambiguity.6. Maintaining Efficiency and DirectnessImperative sentences contribute to efficient and direct communication.In situations where time and brevity are valued, such as emergency protocols or military commands, the imperative form eliminates unnecessary words orexplanations. By using imperatives, individuals can convey their message quickly and concisely.ConclusionThe power of imperative sentences, or the "to do" construction, should not be underestimated. From influencing others and expressing urgency to providing clear instructions and enhancing persuasion, this form of communication plays a crucial role in our daily lives. By understanding the significance and versatility of the imperative form, we can effectively utilize it to achieve our goals and convey our messages with conciseness and impact.。
语法填空讲解之thefirst后面使用todo讲义高三英语一轮复习
语法填空讲解之the first后面使用to doto do常见的特殊考法。
As the morning sun went above the hills, Liu Dachun’s wife was guiding her cow through the wetland, while Liu’s daughter, a college art student, spotted the pair and (36) __________ (pencil) a quick drawing.Shiyanping, a traditional Tujia village, has 182 wellpreserved buildings (37) __________ (construct) in the typical wooden building style, (38) __________ (most) built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In 2013, the ancient architecture plex (39) __________ (recognize) as one of the nation’s major historical and cultural sites.In recent years, the village’s unique building plex, as well as other Tujia cultural activities, have attracted a stream of tourists. The village received more than 100,000 visits and achieved (40) __________ ine of about 5 million yuan from tourism in 2022.Liu Dachun, a skilled farmer, is hard at work preparing for spring plowing (犁地). He has tried out the ricefish farming system, (41) __________ not only benefits the environment but also local residents. According to Wu, fish raised in rice fields are more popular among consumers as they are environmentallyfriendly—the fish waste can add natural fertility (肥料) to the soil (42) __________ hence promote rice output. Quan Xiping, another 59yearold villager, was among the first in the village (43) __________ (establish) a familyrun hotel. Meanwhile, his son started an online specialty store, capitalizing on the rapid (44) __________ (grow) of rural tourism in the area. His emerce business is working more efficiently due to the village’s (45) __________ (rise) appeal.题目中的提示词如下：pencil 动词用铅笔写；名词铅笔construct 动词建造most 形容词大多数的；副词最多、最；名词大部分、大多数人recognize 动词认出、认可establish 动词建立grow 动词成长、发展、增加、种植rise 动词上升、增长；名词上升、增长1. As the morning sun w ent above the hills, Liu Dachun’s wife was guiding her cow through the wetland, while Liu’s daughter, a college art student, spotted the pair and (36) __________ (pencil) a quick drawing.解题思路：看到提示词pencil，直观反应是题目考查名词，考虑使用名词复数。
Grammar 语法讲义--- must和have to以及特殊疑问词 to do-牛津译林版
Unit4 Grammar 语法讲义--- must和have to以及特殊疑问词+ to do一. must和have to的区别I. must 表示主语“必须”做某事，强调说话人的主观意愿;必须做某事（主观意愿）must do sth.禁止做某事mustn’t do sth.例1：—Must I keep the door open? —Yes, you must.例2：—Must I bring my homework when I come here?—No, you needn’t.—No, you don’t have to.II. have to 强调的是客观需要，意思是“不得不，得做某事”。
不得不做某事（客观需要）have to do sth.不必做某事don’t have to do sth.have to 有人称和数的变化: has to, had to, will have to。
注意：must表示必须，其否定形式为needn’t或don’t have to，而不是mustn’t。
mustn’t 表示禁止。
二. 拓展：情态动词的用法情态动词用法常考的三种情况：表示可能性、猜测：can （一般表示对客观真理的猜测，不用于现实事件的猜测）----无否定could（can的过去式）易错点: may（表示对事件的猜测）----否定may not（可能不）---过去式might must （一定）-----否定-can’t（不可能）例1：There can be aliens in the outer space. ------表示对科学真理的猜测例2：He can be Lily’s father. ----错，can不用于现实事件的猜测改正：He may be Lily’s father.例2：There is light in Mr. Li’s office. He _________ (一定) be inside. -----must be例3：Mr. Li is on business in Shanghai, so he __________ (不可能) be at home.---can’t be 例4：他可能不是李老师。
中考英语--句首动词doing、todo、do的区分
中考英语--句首动词doing、todo、do的区分句首用动词do/ doing/ to do 开头1.你有没有被这样的题困惑过呢？2.这样的题，该怎么做，才能确保回回都做对呢？这就是今天的重点，来细看讲义吧。
以下面的题来做首次判断；用所给动词的doing, to do, do形式完成空格。
1.________(take)exercise every day, and you can be stronger.2._______(take)exercise every day can make you stronger.3._________(make) you stronger, you need to take exercise every day.4._________(get) up, or you will be late.5.________(get) up early can keep you healthy.答案：1. Take （表建议） 2. Taking （表观点） 3. To make (表目的)4. Get （表建议）5. Getting （表观点）再有了初步判断的基础上，怎么能做对较难的选择题呢？记住：这三个动词开头的句子，表达的情感不一样，所用的词性也不一样。
小试身手吧(2013) 34. Do you want to be healthy? ______. Smiling can help you stay healthy.A. SmileB. SmilingC. To smileD. Smiled (2014) 32. —Do you climb mountains every day?—Yes, ___ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape.A.gettingB. getC. gotD. to get (2015)34. kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.A. BeB. BeingC. To beD. Been答案：2013. A 表建议，一个词就是一句话，是祈使句2014 D 表目的，climb mountains to get a little exercise2015 A 表建议，祈使句+ and 正向的结果。
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非谓语动词
形式：(to) do, doing, done
To do
主语：
Eg. To know yourself is difficult.
To save time is to lengthen life
To master English in a short time is impossible.
形式主语：It is impossible to master English in a short time. It is +adj. + to do
It takes \ took sb some time to do sth
介词区分：It’s very kind of you to help me.
It’s very difficult for you to solve the problem. To do
宾语:
eg. Want to do
promise to do
agree to do
decide to do
既能加to do又能加doing
Remember/ forget/ stop/ go on/ regret
Try to do 努力做try doing 尝试做
Like to do 一时兴趣like doing 长久爱好
Start/ begin to do/ doing
注意：prefer用法
Prefer A (n./ doing)
Prefer A to B
Prefer to do A
Prefer to do A rather than do B
To do
宾补
V. +n. （代词）+ to do
Want sb. to do allow sb. to do ask sb. to do
To do
定语
n./pron. to do
eg. Have you got anything to say?
注意介词
Eg.I have a letter to write.
I need a pen to write with.
I need some papers to write on.
注意：特殊疑问词+to do
How/what/when/ where/which/who +to do
区分what to do / how to do
He didn’t know what to say.
He didn’t how to do it.
To do状语
Eg.I’m very glad to see you.
In order to so as to
Role playing is a safe and enjoyable way to learn English.
用to do 不用doing 的特殊情况
出现the first the only …
根据以下例子逐个分析做状语的情况
A boy waiting outside A novel written by him A letter to write He is the first man to walk on the moon.
A word beginning with L。